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Fujihira H, Itoi C, Furukawa S, Kato N, Kashino M. Auditory brainstem responses in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2021; 6:179-184. [PMID: 34235293 PMCID: PMC8249870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible differences in the auditory peripheral and brainstem functions between adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) adults. METHODS Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were obtained from 17 high-functioning ASD adults (aged 21-38 years) and 20 NT adults (aged 22-36 years). A relatively large number of stimulus presentations (6000) were adopted, and ABRs by horizontal and vertical electrode montages were evaluated, in order to allow precise evaluations of early ABR components. RESULTS Waves I, II, III, and V were identified in the vertical electrode montage, and wave I and the summating potential (SP) in electrocochleograms were identified in the horizontal electrode montage. There were no significant group differences in the wave I, II, III, and V latencies or the interpeak latencies (IPLs) in the vertical electrode montage. In the horizontal montage, the ASD adults exhibited significantly shortened SP latencies compared with the NT adults, whereas there was no significant group difference in the wave I latency. CONCLUSION The ASD adults may have the abnormalities of processing more in the peripheral auditory system than in the brainstem. SIGNIFICANCE The current study suggests that the peripheral abnormality is associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fujihira
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C. Itoi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, Higashinakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Furukawa
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N. Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Kashino
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Disruption of the autism-related gene Pak1 causes stereocilia disorganization, hair cell loss, and deafness in mice. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:324-332. [PMID: 34049799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Several clinical studies have reported that hearing loss is correlated with autism in children. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism between hearing loss and autism. p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by multiple signaling molecules, particularly the Rho family of small GTPases. Previous studies have shown that Pak1 mutations are associated with autism. In the present study, we take advantage of Pak1 knockout (Pak1-/-) mice to investigate the role of PAK1 in hearing function. We find that PAK1 is highly expressed in the postnatal mouse cochlea and that PAK1 deficiency leads to hair cell (HC) apoptosis and severe hearing loss. Further investigation indicates that PAK1 deficiency downregulates the phosphorylation of cofilin and ezrin-radixin-moesin and the expression of βII-spectrin, which further decreases the HC synapse density in the basal turn of cochlea and disorganized the HC stereocilia in all three turns of cochlea in Pak1-/- mice. Overall, our work demonstrates that the autism-related gene Pak1 plays a crucial role in hearing function. As the first candidate gene linking autism and hearing loss, Pak1 may serve as a potential target for the clinical diagnosis of autism-related hearing loss.
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Carson TB, Valente MJ, Wilkes BJ, Richard L. Brief Report: Prevalence and Severity of Auditory Sensory Over-Responsivity in Autism as Reported by Parents and Caregivers. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1395-1402. [PMID: 33837888 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Auditory sensory over-responsivity (aSOR) is a frequently reported sensory feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, there is little consensus regarding its prevalence and severity. This cross-sectional study uses secondary data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R; Item 72: undue sensitivity to noise) housed in the US National Institute of Mental Health Data Archives to identify prevalence and severity of aSOR. Of the 4104 subjects with ASD ages 2-54 (M = 9, SD = 5.8) who responded to item 72, 60.1% (n = 1876) had aSOR currently (i.e., point prevalence) and 71.1% (n = 2221) reported having aSOR ever (i.e., lifetime prevalence). aSOR prevalence and severity were affected by age, but there were no associations with sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana B Carson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., AHC3, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Matthew J Valente
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bradley J Wilkes
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lynne Richard
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., AHC3, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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Dwyer P, De Meo-Monteil R, Saron CD, Rivera SM. Effects of age on loudness-dependent auditory ERPs in young autistic and typically-developing children. Neuropsychologia 2021; 156:107837. [PMID: 33781752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has investigated the development of auditory ERPs in young children, and particularly how stimulus intensity may affect these auditory ERPs. Previous research has also yielded inconsistent findings regarding differences in the development of auditory ERPs in autism and typical development. Furthermore, stimulus intensity may be of particular interest in autism insofar as autistic people may have atypical experiences of sound intensity (e.g., hyperacusis). Therefore, the present study examined associations between age and ERPs evoked by tones of differing intensities (50, 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) in a large sample of young children (2-5 years) with and without an autism diagnosis. Correlations between age and P1 latencies were examined, while cluster-based permutation testing was used to examine associations between age and neural response amplitudes, as well as group differences in amplitude, over all electrode sites in the longer time window of 1-350 ms. Older autistic participants had faster P1 latencies, but these effects only attained significance over the right hemisphere in response to soft 50 dB sounds. Autistic participants had slower P1 responses to 80 dB sounds over the right hemisphere. Over the scalp regions associated with the later N2 response, more negative response amplitudes (that is, larger N2 responses) were observed in typically-developing than autistic participants. Furthermore, continuous associations between response amplitudes and age suggested that older typically-developing participants exhibited stronger N2 responses to all intensities, though this effect may have at least in part reflected the absence of small positive voltage deflections in the N2 latency window. Age was associated with amplitudes of responses to 50 dB through 70 dB sounds in autism, but in contrast to Typical Development (TD), little evidence of relationships between age and amplitudes in the N2 latency window was found in autism in the 80 dB condition. Although caution should be exercised in interpretation due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, these findings suggest that developmental changes in auditory responses may differ across diagnostic groups in a manner that depends on perceived loudness and/or stimulus intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, United States; Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, United States.
| | | | - Clifford D Saron
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, United States; MIND Institute, UC Davis, United States
| | - Susan M Rivera
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, United States; Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, United States; MIND Institute, UC Davis, United States
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55
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Williams ZJ, He JL, Cascio CJ, Woynaroski TG. A review of decreased sound tolerance in autism: Definitions, phenomenology, and potential mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 121:1-17. [PMID: 33285160 PMCID: PMC7855558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Atypical behavioral responses to environmental sounds are common in autistic children and adults, with 50-70 % of this population exhibiting decreased sound tolerance (DST) at some point in their lives. This symptom is a source of significant distress and impairment across the lifespan, contributing to anxiety, challenging behaviors, reduced community participation, and school/workplace difficulties. However, relatively little is known about its phenomenology or neurocognitive underpinnings. The present article synthesizes a large body of literature on the phenomenology and pathophysiology of DST-related conditions to generate a comprehensive theoretical account of DST in autism. Notably, we argue against conceptualizing DST as a unified construct, suggesting that it be separated into three phenomenologically distinct conditions: hyperacusis (the perception of everyday sounds as excessively loud or painful), misophonia (an acquired aversive reaction to specific sounds), and phonophobia (a specific phobia of sound), each responsible for a portion of observed DST behaviors. We further elaborate our framework by proposing preliminary neurocognitive models of hyperacusis, misophonia, and phonophobia that incorporate neurophysiologic findings from studies of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 221 Eskind Biomedical Library and Learning Center, 2209 Garland Ave., Nashville, TN, 37240, United States; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Medical Center East, Room 8310, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, 7203 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Avenue, Suite 115, Nashville, TN, 37212, United States.
| | - Jason L He
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Strand Building, Strand Campus, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, 7203 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Avenue, Suite 115, Nashville, TN, 37212, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2254 Village at Vanderbilt, 1500 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37212, United States; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 110 Magnolia Cir, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States.
| | - Tiffany G Woynaroski
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Medical Center East, Room 8310, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, 7203 Medical Research Building III, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Avenue, Suite 115, Nashville, TN, 37212, United States; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 110 Magnolia Cir, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States.
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Aberrant auditory system and its developmental implications for autism. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:861-878. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tavares FDS, Azevedo YJ, Fernandes LDMM, Takeuti A, Pereira LV, Ledesma ALL, Bahmad F. Cochlear implant in patients with autistic spectrum disorder-a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 87:601-619. [PMID: 33446426 PMCID: PMC9422605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In cases of autism spectrum disorders with severe to profound hearing loss, cochlear implant is a therapeutic option. Objective To identify evidence in the scientific literature that the cochlear implant brings benefits to people with autism spectrum disorders with associated hearing loss. Methods Systematic review of the literature based on the criteria recommended by PRISMA. The population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design, PICOS strategy, was used to define the eligibility criteria. The studies that met the inclusion criteria for this second stage were included in a qualitative synthesis. Each type of study was analyzed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's risk of bias assessment through the critical checklist for cohort studies, prevalence studies and critical criteria and case reports. Results Four hundred and eighty-four articles were found in eight databases and 100 in the gray literature, mentioning the relationship between cochlear implants in patients with autism spectrum disorder and hearing loss. Twelve articles were read in full and 7 were selected for qualitative analysis in this systematic review. All seven articles were analyzed on the critical evaluation checklist. Four articles had a low risk of bias and three articles had a moderate risk of bias. In this study, were included 66 patients with autism spectrum disorder and hearing loss who received cochlear implant. Conclusion This systematic review indicates that a cochlear implant can bring benefits to autism spectrum disorder patients with associated deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia da Silva Tavares
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Yaná Jinkings Azevedo
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luísa da Matta Machado Fernandes
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, FESF-TECH Bahia e Grupo de pesquisa em Políticas de Saúde e Proteção Social, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alice Takeuti
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vilela Pereira
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Fayez Bahmad
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Rogenmoser L, Li HC, Jäncke L, Schlaug G. Auditory aversion in absolute pitch possessors. Cortex 2020; 135:285-297. [PMID: 33421728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Absolute pitch (AP) refers to the ability of identifying the pitch of a given tone without reliance on any reference pitch. The downside of possessing AP may be the experience of disturbance when exposed to out-of-tune tones. Here, we investigated this so-far unexplored phenomenon in AP, which we refer to as auditory aversion. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in a sample of AP possessors and matched control musicians without AP while letting them perform a task underlying a so-called affective priming paradigm: Participants judged valenced pictures preceded by musical primes as quickly and accurately as possible. The primes were bimodal, presented as tones in combination with visual notations that either matched or mismatched the actually presented tone. Both samples performed better in judging unpleasant pictures over pleasant ones. In comparison with the control musicians, the AP possessors revealed a more profound discrepancy between the two valence conditions, and their EEG revealed later peaks at around 200 ms (P200) after prime onset. Their performance dropped when responding to pleasant pictures preceded by incongruent primes, especially when mistuned by one semitone. This interference was also reflected in an EEG deflection at around 400 ms (N400) after picture onset, preceding the behavior responses. These findings suggest that AP possessors process mistuned musical stimuli and pleasant pictures as affectively unrelated with each other, supporting an aversion towards out-of-tune tones in AP possessors. The longer prime-related P200 latencies exhibited by AP possessors suggest a delay in integrating musical stimuli, underlying an altered affinity towards pitch-label associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rogenmoser
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - H Charles Li
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program (URPP), Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Stübner C, Flynn T, Gillberg C, Fernell E, Miniscalco C. Schoolchildren with unilateral or mild to moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss should be screened for neurodevelopmental problems. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1430-1438. [PMID: 31769539 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to assess the rate and overlap of language and other neurodevelopmental problems in children aged 9-12 years with unilateral or mild to moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS Caregivers of 24 of the 58 eligible children, born 2004-2007, registered at the regional audiology department in Gothenburg, Sweden, with these types of hearing loss completed the Five-to-Fifteen questionnaire, a comprehensive screening instrument for neurodevelopmental problems. Of these 24 children, 21 were assessed with the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fourth Edition (CELF-4). Children with scores indicating definite problem on the Five-to-Fifteen questionnaire and their parents were invited to a clinical neuropaediatric assessment. RESULTS Of the 24 children, 13 (54%) screened positive for definite neurodevelopmental problems. Clinical assessments confirmed the presence of at least one neurodevelopmental disorder in eight of these 24, corresponding to 33%. Seven (33%) of the 21 children participating in the CELF-4 had scores indicating a language disorder, of whom four children had a neurodevelopmental disorder according to the neuropaediatric assessment. CONCLUSION The results support that schoolchildren with unilateral or mild to moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss should undergo neurodevelopmental screening to identify possible coexisting neurodevelopmental problems or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Stübner
- Department of Paediatric Speech and Language Pathology Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Traci Flynn
- Speech Pathology Faculty of Education and Arts School of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
- Previously at Division of Speech and Language Pathology Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Fernell
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Carmela Miniscalco
- Department of Paediatric Speech and Language Pathology Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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Dwyer P, Wang X, De Meo-Monteil R, Hsieh F, Saron CD, Rivera SM. Defining clusters of young autistic and typically developing children based on loudness-dependent auditory electrophysiological responses. Mol Autism 2020; 11:48. [PMID: 32539866 PMCID: PMC7294610 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic individuals exhibit atypical patterns of sensory processing that are known to be related to quality of life, but which are also highly heterogeneous. Previous investigations of this heterogeneity have ordinarily used questionnaires and have rarely investigated sensory processing in typical development (TD) alongside autism spectrum development (ASD). METHODS The present study used hierarchical clustering in a large sample to identify subgroups of young autistic and typically developing children based on the normalized global field power (GFP) of their event-related potentials (ERPs) to auditory stimuli of four different loudness intensities (50, 60, 70, 80 dB SPL): that is, based on an index of the relative strengths of their neural responses across these loudness conditions. RESULTS Four clusters of participants were defined. Normalized GFP responses to sounds of different intensities differed strongly across clusters. There was considerable overlap in cluster assignments of autistic and typically developing participants, but autistic participants were more likely to display a pattern of relatively linear increases in response strength accompanied by a disproportionately strong response to 70 dB stimuli. Autistic participants displaying this pattern trended towards obtaining higher scores on assessments of cognitive abilities. There was also a trend for typically developing participants to disproportionately fall into a cluster characterized by disproportionately/nonlinearly strong 60 dB responses. Greater auditory distractibility was reported among autistic participants in a cluster characterized by disproportionately strong responses to the loudest (80 dB) sounds, and furthermore, relatively strong responses to loud sounds were correlated with auditory distractibility. This appears to provide evidence of coinciding behavioral and neural sensory atypicalities. LIMITATIONS Replication may be needed to verify exploratory results. This analysis does not address variability related to classical ERP latencies and topographies. The sensory questionnaire employed was not specifically designed for use in autism. Hearing acuity was not measured. Variability in sensory responses unrelated to loudness is not addressed, leaving room for additional research. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate the broader benefits of using electrophysiology to explore individual differences. They illuminate different neural response patterns and suggest relationships between sensory neural responses and sensory behaviors, cognitive abilities, and autism diagnostic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618 USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Statistics, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - Fushing Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Clifford D. Saron
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618 USA
- MIND Institute, UC Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Susan M. Rivera
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618 USA
- MIND Institute, UC Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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Sensory Abnormality and Quantitative Autism Traits in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Epidemiological Population. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:180-188. [PMID: 31583623 PMCID: PMC6946727 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensory abnormalities (SAs) are recognized features in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and a relationship between SAs and ASD traits is also suggested in general population. Our aims were to estimate the prevalence of SAs in three different settings, and to study the association between SAs and quantitative autism traits (QAT) using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and a parental questionnaire. In an epidemiological population of 8-year-old children (n = 4397), the prevalence of SAs was 8.3%, in an ASD sample (n = 28), 53.6%, and in a non-ASD sample (n = 4369), 8.0%, respectively. Tactile and auditory hypersensitivity predicted an ASD diagnosis. The ASSQ was able to differentiate children with and without SA. In conclusion, QAT level and SAs were associated in all study samples.
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Hall A, Northstone K, Iles-Caven Y, Ellis G, Gregory S, Golding J, Pembrey M. Intolerance of loud sounds in childhood: Is there an intergenerational association with grandmaternal smoking in pregnancy? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229323. [PMID: 32092095 PMCID: PMC7039668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) demonstrated an association between maternal grandmother smoking in pregnancy and the autistic traits of impaired social communication and repetitive behaviour in granddaughters but not grandsons, but of paternal grandmother smoking and early development of myopia in the grandchild. Here we investigate whether grandmaternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with intolerance to loud sounds. ALSPAC collected information during the index pregnancy from the study parents on the smoking habits, social and other features of their own parents. Maternal report when the child was aged 6 and 13 included hating loud sounds; at age 11 the child was tested for volume preference for listening to music through headphones. Statistical analysis compared results for grandchildren in relation to whether a parent had been exposed in utero to maternal smoking, adjusted for their grandparents' social and demographic attributes. We hypothesised that there would be sex differences in the effects of grandmaternal prenatal smoking, based on previous intergenerational studies. For 6-year-old children maternal report of intolerance to loud noise was more likely in grandsons if the maternal grandmother had smoked [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03,1.56; P = 0.025], but less likely in girls [AOR 0.82; 95%CI 0.63,1.07] Pinteraction <0.05. If the paternal grandmother had smoked the grandchildren were less likely to be intolerant, especially girls. The objective measure of choice of volume for music through headphones showed that grandsons of both maternal and paternal smoking grandmothers were less likely to choose high volumes compared with granddaughters (P<0.05). In line with our prior hypothesis of sex differences, we showed that grandsons were more intolerant of loud sounds than granddaughters particularly at age 6, and this was confirmed by objective measures at age 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hall
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol Medical School (Public Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School (Public Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Genette Ellis
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School (Public Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Gregory
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School (Public Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School (Public Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School (Public Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
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Stefanelli ACGF, Zanchetta S, Furtado EF. Auditory hyper-responsiveness in autism spectrum disorder, terminologies and physiological mechanisms involved: systematic review. Codas 2020; 32:e20180287. [PMID: 31994595 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20192018287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE this paper aims to identify the most used terminologies to designate the disproportional behavior to sounds in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its relationship with the respective tools for its investigation, as well as its occurrence and outcomes. RESEARCH STRATEGIES the databases used were PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scielo and Lilacs. The keywords used were "autism", "hyperacusis" and "auditory perception", with the following combinations: "autism AND hyperacusis" and "autism AND auditory perception". SELECTION CRITERIA individuals diagnosed with ASD of any age group; available abstract; papers in English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese; case series, prevalence and incidence studies, cohort and clinical trials. DATA ANALYSIS we analyzed studies with individuals diagnosed with ASD of any age group; reference in the title and/or summary of the occurrence of disproportional behavior to sounds, accepting the terms hyper-responsiveness, hypersensitivity and hyperacusis; summary available; papers in English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese; series of cases, prevalence and incidence studies, cohort and clinical trials. RESULTS Of the 692 studies resulting from the consultation, 13 studies could achieve the established requirements. CONCLUSION The term auditory hypersensitivity was the most commonly used to designate disproportional behavior to sounds, followed by hyperacusis. There was no relationship between the terms and the respective research tool, and the questionnaires were the most used to designate the referred behavior, whose reported frequency was from 42.1% to 69.0%. The auditory behavior tests when performed showed the involvement of the auditory, afferent and efferent neural pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecília Grilli Fernandes Stefanelli
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
| | - Sthella Zanchetta
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto (SP) - Brasil
| | - Erikson Felipe Furtado
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brasil
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64
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Hernandez LM, Green SA, Lawrence KE, Inada M, Liu J, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M. Social Attention in Autism: Neural Sensitivity to Speech Over Background Noise Predicts Encoding of Social Information. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:343. [PMID: 32390890 PMCID: PMC7194032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by lack of attention to social cues in the environment, including speech. Hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as loud noises, is also extremely common in youth with ASD. While a link between sensory hypersensitivity and impaired social functioning has been hypothesized, very little is known about the neural mechanisms whereby exposure to distracting sensory stimuli may interfere with the ability to direct attention to socially-relevant information. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in youth with and without ASD (N=54, age range 8-18 years) to (1) examine brain responses during presentation of brief social interactions (i.e., two-people conversations) shrouded in ecologically-valid environmental noises, and (2) assess how brain activity during encoding might relate to later accuracy in identifying what was heard. During exposure to conversation-in-noise (vs. conversation or noise alone), both neurotypical youth and youth with ASD showed robust activation of canonical language networks. However, the extent to which youth with ASD activated temporal language regions, including voice-selective cortex (i.e., posterior superior temporal sulcus), predicted later discriminative accuracy in identifying what was heard. Further, relative to neurotypical youth, ASD youth showed significantly greater activity in left-hemisphere speech-processing cortex (i.e., angular gyrus) while listening to conversation-in-noise (vs. conversation or noise alone). Notably, in youth with ASD, increased activity in this region was associated with higher social motivation and better social cognition measures. This heightened activity in voice-selective/speech-processing regions may serve as a compensatory mechanism allowing youth with ASD to hone in on the conversations they heard in the context of non-social distracting stimuli. These findings further suggest that focusing on social and non-social stimuli simultaneously may be more challenging for youth with ASD requiring the recruitment of additional neural resources to encode socially-relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M Hernandez
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shulamite A Green
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine E Lawrence
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marisa Inada
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Janelle Liu
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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65
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Chien YL, Hsieh MH, Gau SSF. P50-N100-P200 sensory gating deficits in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109683. [PMID: 31260720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory symptoms are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered sensory gating may cause sensory overload. However, whether ASD individuals have P50 gating deficits is controversial in childhood and lacks evidence in adulthood. Beyond P50, fewer studies have examined N100 or P200, although N100 is considered to be more reliable than P50. Also, the clinical correlates of these parameters are mostly unknown. This study aimed to investigate P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating in adolescents and young adults with ASD and examine their clinical correlates. In a sample of 34 ASD participants (mean age 20.6 ± 4.1, female 5.9%) and 34 sex- and age-matched typically-developing controls (TDC, mean age 20.4 ± 3.1), we investigated P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating by a paired-click paradigm, which generated the data of S1 amplitude after the first click and S2 amplitude after the second click. We found that compared to TDC, ASD participants had significant N100 suppression deficits reflected by a larger N100 S2 amplitude, smaller N100 ratio of S2 over S1, and the difference between the two amplitudes. N100 S2 amplitude was significantly associated with sensory sensitivity independent of the diagnosis. Although there was no group difference in P50 suppression, S1 amplitude was negatively associated with social deficits in ASD. P200 gating parameters were correlated with attention switching difficulty. Our findings suggest N100 gating deficit in adolescents and young adults with ASD. The relationships between P50 S1 and social deficits and between N100 S2 and sensory sensitivity warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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66
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McTee HM, Mood D, Fredrickson T, Thrasher A, Bonino AY. Using Visual Supports to Facilitate Audiological Testing for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:823-833. [PMID: 31689370 PMCID: PMC7210434 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-19-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose One in 59 children is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Due to overlapping symptoms between hearing loss and ASD, children who are suspected of having ASD require an audiological evaluation to determine their hearing status for the purpose of differential diagnosis. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to increase audiologists' knowledge of ASD by discussing the challenges associated with testing and interpreting clinical data for children with ASD or suspected ASD and (b) to provide visual supports that can be used to facilitate audiological assessment. Method Eight children (ages 4-12 years) were recruited as video model participants. Videos were filmed using scripts that used concise and concrete language while portraying common clinical procedures. Using the video models, corresponding visual schedules were also created. Conclusion Although obtaining reliable hearing data from children with ASD is challenging, incorporating visual supports may facilitate testing. Video models and visual schedules have been created and made freely available for download online under a Creative Commons License (Creative Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License). Incorporating visual supports during clinical testing has the potential to reduce the child's and family's stress, as well as to increase the probability of obtaining a reliable and comprehensive audiological evaluation. Future research is warranted to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing these tools in audiology clinics. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10086434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M. McTee
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Deborah Mood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
| | - Tammy Fredrickson
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Amy Thrasher
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Angela Yarnell Bonino
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder
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67
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Smith A, Storti S, Lukose R, Kulesza RJ. Structural and Functional Aberrations of the Auditory Brainstem in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Osteopath Med 2019; 119:41-50. [PMID: 30615041 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with difficulties in the social, communicative, and behavioral domains. Most cases of ASD arise from an unknown etiologic process, but there are numerous risk factors, including comorbidities and maternal exposures. Although it is not part of the diagnostic criteria, hearing difficulties ranging from deafness to hyperacusis are present in the majority of persons with ASD. High-functioning children with ASD have been found to have significantly slower and asymmetric auditory brainstem reflexes. Additionally, histopathological studies of postmortem brainstems in decedents who had ASD have consistently revealed significantly fewer neurons in auditory nuclei compared with those in people who did not have ASD. The authors review the literature implicating auditory dysfunction in ASD along with results from human study participants and postmortem human brain tissue. Together, these results implicate significant structural and functional abnormalities in the auditory brainstem in ASD and support the utility of auditory testing to screen for ASD.
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68
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Łukasik J, Patro-Gołąb B, Horvath A, Baron R, Szajewska H. Early Life Exposure to Antibiotics and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3866-3876. [PMID: 31175505 PMCID: PMC6667689 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We systematically reviewed evidence from observational studies on the associations between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and early-life antibiotic exposure. Eleven articles were included in the review. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with a slightly increased risk of ASD in two cohort studies on overlapping populations and in one case–control study; in three other case–control studies, no significant association was found. One cohort study found a slightly reduced risk of ASD after postnatal antibiotic exposure, while two other cohort studies on overlapping populations and three case–control studies reported an increased risk. Meta-analysis of the eligible studies showed no significant associations. Current data are conflicting and do not conclusively support the hypothesis that early-life antibiotic exposure is associated with subsequent ASD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Łukasik
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Patro-Gołąb
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Horvath
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruth Baron
- Sarphati Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
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69
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Young A, Ferguson-Coleman E, Wright B, Le Couteur A. Parental Conceptualizations of Autism and Deafness in British Deaf Children. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2019; 24:280-288. [PMID: 30839059 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of childhood deafness and autism raises complex challenges for diagnosis and family support. In this article, we explore with hearing and Deaf parents their observations of the interaction between deafness and autism and identify how the intersections of deafness and autism are conceptualized in everyday life. Eight parents participated (two of whom were Deaf BSL users) in semi-structured interviews in either BSL or spoken English. Data analysis was underpinned by a phenomenological approach in the hermeneutic tradition. Findings are discussed in terms of parents' perceptions of the relevance of deafness to their understanding of autism for their particular child, the effects of autism on sign and spoken language development and the relationship between deafness and autism in terms of their own and others' attributions of their children's characteristics. The significance of the findings for parental contributions' to diagnostic assessment and the tailoring of family support are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alys Young
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester
| | | | - Barry Wright
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York
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70
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Weston CSE. Four Social Brain Regions, Their Dysfunctions, and Sequelae, Extensively Explain Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptomatology. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E130. [PMID: 31167459 PMCID: PMC6627615 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a challenging neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms in social, language, sensory, motor, cognitive, emotional, repetitive behavior, and self-sufficient living domains. The important research question examined is the elucidation of the pathogenic neurocircuitry that underlies ASD symptomatology in all its richness and heterogeneity. The presented model builds on earlier social brain research, and hypothesizes that four social brain regions largely drive ASD symptomatology: amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), temporoparietal cortex (TPC), and insula. The amygdala's contributions to ASD largely derive from its major involvement in fine-grained intangible knowledge representations and high-level guidance of gaze. In addition, disrupted brain regions can drive disturbance of strongly interconnected brain regions to produce further symptoms. These and related effects are proposed to underlie abnormalities of the visual cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), caudate nucleus, and hippocampus as well as associated symptoms. The model is supported by neuroimaging, neuropsychological, neuroanatomical, cellular, physiological, and behavioral evidence. Collectively, the model proposes a novel, parsimonious, and empirically testable account of the pathogenic neurocircuitry of ASD, an extensive account of its symptomatology, a novel physiological biomarker with potential for earlier diagnosis, and novel experiments to further elucidate the mechanisms of brain abnormalities and symptomatology in ASD.
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71
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72
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Chien YL, Hsieh MH, Gau SSF. Mismatch Negativity and P3a in Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Behavioral Correlates and Clinical Implications. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:1684-1697. [PMID: 29198040 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In a sample of 37 adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 35 typically-developing controls (TDC), we investigated sensory symptoms by clinical measures, and Mismatch Negativity and P3a component at Fz with the frequency and duration oddball paradigms of event-related potentials. Results showed that compared to TDC, ASD participants reported more sensory symptoms, and presented a shorter P3a peak latency in the duration paradigm, which was correlated with more social awareness deficits. In the frequency paradigm, P3a parameters were correlated with sensation avoiding and attention characteristics of ASD. Our findings suggest that sensory abnormality in ASD may extend into adolescence and young adulthood. P3a latency might be a potential neurophysiological marker for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychology, Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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73
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Pienkowski M. Rationale and Efficacy of Sound Therapies for Tinnitus and Hyperacusis. Neuroscience 2019; 407:120-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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74
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Sabourin KR, Reynolds A, Schendel D, Rosenberg S, Croen LA, Pinto-Martin JA, Schieve LA, Newschaffer C, Lee LC, DiGuiseppi C. Infections in children with autism spectrum disorder: Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). Autism Res 2018; 12:136-146. [PMID: 30475448 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune system abnormalities have been widely reported among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which may increase the risk of childhood infections. The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is a multisite case-control study of children aged 30-69 months, born in 2003-2006. Cases are children previously diagnosed and newly identified with ASD enrolled from education and clinical settings. Children with a previously diagnosed non-ASD developmental condition were included in the developmental delay/disorder (DD) control group. The population (POP) control group included children randomly sampled from birth certificates. Clinical illness from infection during the first 28 days ("neonatal," from medical records) and first three years of life (caregiver report) in cases was compared to DD and POP controls; and between cases with and without regression. Children with ASD had greater odds of neonatal (OR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.9) and early childhood infection (OR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.5, 1.9) compared to POP children, and greater odds of neonatal infection (OR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.0) compared to DD children. Cases with regression had 1.6 times the odds (95%CI: 1.1, 2.3) of caregiver-reported infection during the first year of life compared to cases without regression, but neonatal infection risk and overall early childhood infection risk did not differ. Our results support the hypothesis that children with ASD are more likely to have infection early in life compared to the general population and to children with other developmental conditions. Future studies should examine the contributions of different causes, timing, frequency, and severity of infection to ASD risk. Autism Research 2019, 12: 136-146. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We looked at infections during early childhood in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that children with ASD were more likely to have an infection in the first 28 days of life and before age three compared to children with typical development. Children with ASD were also more likely than children with other developmental delays or disorders to have an infection in the first 28 days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Sabourin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ann Reynolds
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diana Schendel
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH; National Centre for Register-based Research; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steven Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California
| | - Jennifer A Pinto-Martin
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura A Schieve
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Newschaffer
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Li-Ching Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Lau BK, Maddox RK, Estes A, Dager S, Lee AK. Combining clinical, behavioral, and neurophysiological measures to investigate auditory processing abnormalities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS ON ACOUSTICS. ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 35:050004. [PMID: 35949247 PMCID: PMC9358778 DOI: 10.1121/2.0000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie K. Lau
- University of Washington, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences
| | - Ross K. Maddox
- University of Rochester, Department on Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neuroscience
| | - Annette Estes
- University of Washington, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences
| | | | - Adrian K.C. Lee
- University of Washington, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences
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76
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Mixter S, Stewart RW. Adult Head and Neck Health Care Needs for Individuals with Complex Chronic Conditions of Childhood. Med Clin North Am 2018; 102:1055-1061. [PMID: 30342608 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Millions of adults in the United States are currently living with what is termed chronic childhood conditions-childhood-onset conditions, about which adult providers often receive minimal training-and another half million youths with special health care needs enter adulthood each year and will undergo transition from pediatric to adult care. Here, the authors review the important otolaryngologic manifestations of several of these chronic childhood conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome, as well as the primary care providers' role in caring for transitioning tracheostomy-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mixter
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Suite 7143, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Rosalyn W Stewart
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Suite 7143, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Rydzewska E, Hughes-McCormack LA, Gillberg C, Henderson A, MacIntyre C, Rintoul J, Cooper SA. Prevalence of sensory impairments, physical and intellectual disabilities, and mental health in children and young people with self/proxy-reported autism: Observational study of a whole country population. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:1201-1209. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361318791279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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78
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Dadalko OI, Travers BG. Evidence for Brainstem Contributions to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:47. [PMID: 30337860 PMCID: PMC6180283 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects one in 59 children in the United States. Although there is a mounting body of knowledge of cortical and cerebellar contributions to ASD, our knowledge about the early developing brainstem in ASD is only beginning to accumulate. Understanding how brainstem neurotransmission is implicated in ASD is important because many of this condition’s sensory and motor symptoms are consistent with brainstem pathology. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to integrate epidemiological, behavioral, histological, neuroimaging, and animal evidence of brainstem contributions to ASD. Because ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition, we examined the available data through a lens of hierarchical brain development. The review of the literature suggests that developmental alterations of the brainstem could have potential cascading effects on cortical and cerebellar formation, ultimately leading to ASD symptoms. This view is supported by human epidemiology findings and data from animal models of ASD, showing that perturbed development of the brainstem substructures, particularly during the peak formation of the brainstem’s monoaminergic centers, may relate to ASD or ASD-like behaviors. Furthermore, we review evidence from human histology, psychophysiology, and neuroimaging suggesting that brainstem development and maturation may be atypical in ASD and may be related to key ASD symptoms, such as atypical sensorimotor features and social responsiveness. From this review there emerges the need of future research to validate early detection of the brainstem-based somatosensory and psychophysiological behaviors that emerge in infancy, and to examine the brainstem across the life span, while accounting for age. In all, there is preliminary evidence for brainstem involvement in ASD, but a better understanding of the brainstem’s role would likely pave the way for earlier diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Dadalko
- Motor and Brain Development Lab, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Motor and Brain Development Lab, Occupational Therapy Program in the Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Wimberley T, Agerbo E, Pedersen CB, Dalsgaard S, Horsdal HT, Mortensen PB, Thompson WK, Köhler-Forsberg O, Yolken RH. Otitis media, antibiotics, and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2018; 11:1432-1440. [PMID: 30284386 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media infections and antibiotic treatment have been linked to the risk of developing autism spectrum disorder. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may alter the composition of the gut flora microbiota, which is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of the immune system. This study examines the interplay among otitis media, antibiotics, and the subsequent risk of developing autism. Based on the entire Danish population, 780,547 children were followed from birth (January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008) until December 31, 2012. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios and absolute risks of autism with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) related to previous otitis media diagnoses and antibiotic prescriptions redeemed at Danish pharmacies. The absolute risk of autism before age 10 was increased among children with otitis media (1.2% for females and 3.3% for males) and in children who had redeemed an antibiotic prescription (0.6% and 2.7% for females and males) compared to children without a history of otitis media and antibiotics usage (0.4% for females and 1.9% for males). Similarly, we found an increased hazard ratio of autism associated with otitis media (1.83 95% CI 1.71-1.95) and antibiotics usage (1.29 95% CI 1.17-1.43). A history of both otitis media and antibiotic treatment did not further increase the risk of autism. Although the risk of autism was associated with otitis media and treatment with antibiotics, we found little evidence of a synergistic effect between otitis media infections and treatment with antibiotics. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1432-1440. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated whether otitis media ear infections and antibiotic treatment were associated with autism spectrum disorder. Autism was more common in children who had had an otitis media infection or who had been treated with antibiotics. Given the observational nature of our data, our study cannot be used to conclude that otitis media or use of antibiotics cause autism, as our findings may be subject to unobserved confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Wimberley
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Denmark.,NCRR-The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Denmark.,NCRR-The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Denmark.,NCRR-The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Denmark.,NCRR-The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway
| | - Henriette Thisted Horsdal
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Denmark.,NCRR-The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Denmark.,NCRR-The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- iPSYCH-The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Denmark.,University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ole Köhler-Forsberg
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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80
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Aazh H, Knipper M, Danesh AA, Cavanna AE, Andersson L, Paulin J, Schecklmann M, Heinonen-Guzejev M, Moore BC. Insights from the third international conference on hyperacusis: causes, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Noise Health 2018; 20:162-170. [PMID: 30136676 PMCID: PMC6122267 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperacusis is intolerance of certain everyday sounds that causes significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, recreational, and other day-to-day activities. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to summarize the key findings and conclusions from the Third International Conference on Hyperacusis. TOPICS COVERED The main topics discussed comprise (1) diagnosis of hyperacusis and audiological evaluations, (2) neurobiological aspect of hyperacusis, (3) misophonia, (4) hyperacusis in autism spectrum disorder, (5) noise sensitivity, (6) hyperacusis-related distress and comorbid psychiatric illness, and (7) audiologist-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for hyperacusis. CONCLUSIONS Implications for research and clinical practice are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashir Aazh
- Audiology Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Research Institute Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali A. Danesh
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea E. Cavanna
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Johan Paulin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Schecklmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Brian C.J. Moore
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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81
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Tordjman S, Cohen D, Anderson G, Botbol M, Canitano R, Coulon N, Roubertoux P. Repint of “Reframing autism as a behavioral syndrome and not a specific mental disorder: Implications of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity”. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:132-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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82
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Repeated Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid Results in Auditory Brainstem Hypoplasia and Reduced Calcium Binding Protein Immunolabeling. Neuroscience 2018; 377:53-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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83
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Myne S, Kennedy V. Hyperacusis in children: A clinical profile. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 107:80-85. [PMID: 29501317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperacusis is commonly seen in clinical paediatric practice and can be distressing for the children and their families. This paper looks at the clinical profile of children seen for hyperacusis in a paediatric audiology service and reviews the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Retrospective study of case notes of 61 children with troublesome hyperacusis seen in the paediatric audiology service, looking at their clinical presentation and presence of other medical conditions. RESULTS Hyperacusis was the main presenting complaint in more than half of the cases (n = 31, 51%). The commonest age at presentation with this problem was 3-4 years (n = 33, 54%). Hearing was normal in the majority of these children (n = 41, 67%). An active middle ear problem was observed in nearly half (n = 29, 48%) of all the children, of which glue ear (otitis media with effusion, OME) was the commonest. Presence of a neurodevelopmental condition was found in almost half (n = 28, 46%) of these patients of which autistic spectrum disorder was the commonest (8/61, 13%). In nearly one-fourth of the children (23%), presence of both middle ear problems and neurodevelopmental was noted. Tinnitus was an accompanying symptom reported in 11% of all the patients. CONCLUSION Hyperacusis may commonly present at a very young age. Awareness of different clinical presentations, presence of other medical conditions and possible underlying pathomechanisms in children with hyperacusis can be helpful for clinicians in informing prognosis, counselling and in individualising management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Myne
- Paediatric Audiology Department, Bolton NHS Foundation Trust, Bolton, UK
| | - Veronica Kennedy
- Paediatric Audiology Department, Bolton NHS Foundation Trust, Bolton, UK.
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84
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Miron O, Beam AL, Kohane IS. Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of wave V. Autism Res 2018; 11:355-363. [PMID: 29087045 PMCID: PMC5836986 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were recently found to have prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR); however, at older ages, findings are contradictory. We compared ABR differences between participants with ASD and controls with respect to age using a meta-analysis. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, HOLLIS, and ScienceDirect from their inception to June 2016. The 25 studies that were included had a total of 1349 participants (727 participants with ASD and 622 controls) and an age range of 0-40 years. Prolongation of the absolute latency of wave V in ASD had a significant negative correlation with age (R2 = 0.23; P = 0.01). The 22 studies below age 18 years showed a significantly prolonged wave V in ASD (Standard Mean Difference = 0.6 [95% CI, 0.5-0.8]; P < 0.001). The 3 studies above 18 years of age showed a significantly shorter wave V in ASD (SMD = -0.6 [95% CI, -1.0 to -0.2]; P = 0.004). Prolonged ABR was consistent in infants and children with ASD, suggesting it can serve as an ASD biomarker at infancy. As the ABR is routinely used to screen infants for hearing impairment, the opportunity for replication studies is extensive. Autism Res 2018, 11: 355-363. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY Our analysis of previous studies showed that infants and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a slower brain response to sound, while adults have a faster brain response to sound. This suggests that slower brain response in infants may predict ASD risk. Brain response to sound is routinely tested on newborns to screen hearing impairment, which has created large data sets to afford replication of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Miron
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Andrew L. Beam
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Isaac S. Kohane
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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85
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Meguid NA, Nashaat NH, Hashem HS, Khalil MM. Frequency of risk factors and coexisting abnormalities in a population of Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 32:54-58. [PMID: 29216607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many risk factors interact together during the critical period of development and govern the future phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore, co-occurring abnormalities among individuals with ASD vary a lot so as their abilities. AIM OF WORK To investigate possible risk factors and to determine the prevalence of coexisting abnormalities in a sample of Egyptian ASD children and their influence on the severity and their communication performance. METHODS The diagnosis and severity of ASD for participants (N=80) was performed by DSM-5, ADIR and CARS. They were investigated regarding the possible risk factors and coexisting abnormalities. A detailed history taking, clinical examination, the Arabic preschool language scale, cognitive abilities assessment and other additional instrumental measures such as EEG were used. RESULTS Caesarian section and neonatal jaundice were the most common risk factors. The severity of ASD was positively related to maternal and paternal ages. Developmental language disorder, intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep disorder and EEG changes were more frequently detected among studied cases. The CARS scores were significantly higher in ADHD and EEG changes groups. The most severely affected CARS items in the groups with these disorders were determined. CONCLUSION High parental ages has an impact on the severity of ASD. ADHD, sleep disorder, and EEG changes seem to have an impact on certain elements of the adaptive behavior especially the communicative performance of ASD individuals. We recommend to seriously investigate co-morbid abnormalities and consider them during the process of management of ASD for proper intervention plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Abdel Meguid
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical research division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; CONEM Egypt Child Brain Research Group, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen Hassan Nashaat
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical research division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba S Hashem
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical research division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai M Khalil
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical research division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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86
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Abstract
SummaryDeafness does not in itself cause emotional/behavioural or cognitive problems or psychiatric disorders. However, children with hearing impairment are at greater risk of developing emotional/behavioural problems and neurodevelopmental disorders. The incidence of both seems to be higher in deaf children from hearing families. Most prelingual deafness is caused by recessive genes; hence, most deaf individuals come from hearing families, the majority of whom do not use sign language. Numerous studies, in both hearing and deaf populations, show how the lack of access to language has an impact on the emotional development of children. This article focuses on the mechanisms by which early language deprivation mediates emotional/behavioural difficulties and consequent emotional dysregulation, and may produce behaviours and symptoms that can be misdiagnosed as neurodevelopmental disorders in deaf children and adolescents (from infancy to 18 years of age).
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87
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Abstract
SummarySensory (visual and hearing) impairment has significant detrimental impact on sociocognitive and language development. Despite this, it is very much underrecognised and underdiagnosed in people with intellectual disability. Raising awareness of sensory impairment among professionals and carers is extremely important for early management to prevent further social handicap in people with intellectual disability. This article reviews sensory impairment in intellectual disability and its association with autism-spectrum disorder and mental illness.
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88
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Linke AC, Jao Keehn RJ, Pueschel EB, Fishman I, Müller RA. Children with ASD show links between aberrant sound processing, social symptoms, and atypical auditory interhemispheric and thalamocortical functional connectivity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 29:117-126. [PMID: 28223033 PMCID: PMC5664206 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communicative deficits, as well as repetitive behaviors and atypical sensitivity to sensory stimulation. Alterations in network connectivity are widely recognized, but their interplay with social and sensory symptoms remains largely unclear. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging and diagnostic and behavioral assessments were used in a cohort of children and adolescents with ASD (n=40) and matched typically developing (TD, n=38) controls to examine the relation between auditory processing, interhemispheric and thalamocortical network connectivity, and social-behavioral symptom severity. We found that atypical processing of sounds was related to social, cognitive, and communicative impairments. Additionally, severity of sensory processing deficits and lower verbal IQ were related to reduced interhemispheric connectivity of auditory cortices in ASD. Increased connectivity between the thalamus and auditory cortex in ASD, however, was associated with reduced cognitive and behavioral symptomatology, suggesting that thalamocortical overconnectivity might reflect a compensatory mechanism in ASD. These findings provide novel evidence for links between auditory sensory deficits and impairments in social interaction and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C Linke
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado CT, Suite #200, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA.
| | - R Joanne Jao Keehn
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado CT, Suite #200, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA.
| | - Ellyn B Pueschel
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado CT, Suite #200, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
| | - Inna Fishman
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado CT, Suite #200, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado CT, Suite #200, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
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89
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Lodhia V, Hautus MJ, Johnson BW, Brock J. Atypical brain responses to auditory spatial cues in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:682-689. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veema Lodhia
- Research Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Michael J. Hautus
- Research Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Blake W. Johnson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders Sydney Australia
- Department of Cognitive Science Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jon Brock
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders Sydney Australia
- Department of Cognitive Science Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
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90
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Remington A, Fairnie J. A sound advantage: Increased auditory capacity in autism. Cognition 2017; 166:459-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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91
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Brenman NF, Hiddinga A, Wright B. Intersecting Cultures in Deaf Mental Health: An Ethnographic Study of NHS Professionals Diagnosing Autism in D/deaf Children. Cult Med Psychiatry 2017; 41:431-452. [PMID: 28243949 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-017-9526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autism assessments for children who are deaf are particularly complex for a number of reasons, including overlapping cultural and clinical factors. We capture this in an ethnographic study of National Health Service child and adolescent mental health services in the United Kingdom, drawing on theoretical perspectives from transcultural psychiatry, which help to understand these services as a cultural system. Our objective was to analyse how mental health services interact with Deaf culture, as a source of cultural-linguistic identity. We ground the study in the practices and perceptions of 16 professionals, who have conducted autism assessments for deaf children aged 0-18. We adopt a framework of intersectionality to capture the multiple, mutually enforcing factors involved in this diagnostic process. We observed that professionals working in specialist Deaf services, or with experience working with the Deaf community, had intersectional understandings of assessments: the ways in which cultural, linguistic, sensory, and social factors work together to produce diagnoses. Working with a diagnostic system that focuses heavily on 'norms' based on populations from a hearing culture was a key source of frustration for professionals. We conclude that recognising the intersectionality of mental health and Deaf culture helps professionals provide sensitive diagnoses that acknowledge the multiplicity of D/deaf experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia F Brenman
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Anja Hiddinga
- Department of Anthropology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barry Wright
- Hull York Medical School and Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Lime Trees Child, Adolescent and Family Unit, 31 Shipton Road, York, YO30 5RE, UK
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92
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Abd Elmawgoud SM. The Rate of Consistency between Auditory Brainstem Response and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale among Autistic Children. JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-ENT RESEARCH 2017; 8. [DOI: 10.15406/joentr.2017.08.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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93
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Wilson US, Sadler KM, Hancock KE, Guinan JJ, Lichtenhan JT. Efferent inhibition strength is a physiological correlate of hyperacusis in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1164-1172. [PMID: 28592687 PMCID: PMC5547266 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00142.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that is poorly understood. ASD can influence communication, social interaction, and behavior. Children with ASD often have sensory hypersensitivities, including auditory hypersensitivity (hyperacusis). In adults with hyperacusis who are otherwise neurotypical, the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent reflex is stronger than usual. In children with ASD, the MOC reflex has been measured, but without also assessing hyperacusis. We assessed the MOC reflex in children with ASD by measuring the strength of MOC-induced inhibition of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), a noninvasive physiological measure that reflects cochlear amplification. MOC activity was evoked by contralateral noise. Hyperacusis was assessed subjectively on the basis of the children's symptoms. We found a significant correlation between hyperacusis scores and MOC strength in children with ASD. When children were divided into ASD-with-severe-hyperacusis (ASDs), ASD-with-not-severe-hyperacusis (ASDns), and neurotypical (NT) groups, the last two groups had similar hyperacusis and MOC reflexes, whereas the ASDs group, on average, had hyperacusis and MOC reflexes that were approximately twice as strong. The MOC inhibition of TEOAEs averaged larger at all frequencies in the ASDs compared with ASDns and NT groups. The results suggest that the MOC reflex can be used to estimate hyperacusis in children with ASD and might be used to validate future questionnaires to assess hyperacusis. Our results also provide evidence that strong MOC reflexes in children with ASD are associated with hyperacusis and that hyperacusis is a comorbid condition and is not a necessary, integral part of the abnormal neural processing associated with ASD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a heterogeneous group, some with hyperacusis and some without. Our research shows that hyperacusis can be estimated in children with ASD by using medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex measurements. By establishing that an objective measure correlates with attributes of hyperacusis, our results enable future work to enable subtyping of children with ASD to provide improved individualized treatments to at-risk children and those without adequate language to describe their hyperacusis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma S Wilson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kate M Sadler
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kenneth E Hancock
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John J Guinan
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffery T Lichtenhan
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Saint Louis, Missouri;
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94
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[Association between autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017. [PMID: 28506347 PMCID: PMC7389128 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy in children. METHODS A total of 190 children with ASD were enrolled. A self-designed questionnaire, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Behavior Checklist were used to determine the association between ASD and epilepsy. RESULTS Among the 190 children with ASD, 20 (10.5%) had epileptic seizures and 12 (6.3%) were diagnosed with epilepsy. The rates of abnormal physical development and hearing disorders before the age of one year were significantly higher in ASD children with epileptic seizures than in those without epileptic seizures (P<0.05). The ASD children diagnosed with epilepsy and those receiving epilepsy treatment had a significantly increased rate of abnormal physical development before the age of one year (P<0.05). The ASD children with epileptic seizures had poorer sensory responses and behavioral competencies than those without epileptic seizures (P<0.05). Epilepsy treatment have a positive effect on behavioral competencies in ASD children (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between ASD and epilepsy in children. The possibility of the comorbidity between ASD and epilepsy may be assessed according to the status of growth and development before the age of one year, sensory responses and behavioral competencies, and the presence or absence of epileptic seizures.
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95
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Rawool VW. Prevalence of Auditory Problems in Children With Feeding and Swallowing Disorders. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2017; 60:1436-1447. [PMID: 28492927 DOI: 10.1044/2016_jslhr-h-16-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although an interdisciplinary approach is recommended for assessment and management of feeding or swallowing difficulties, audiologists are not always included in the interdisciplinary team. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence of middle ear and hearing problems in children with feeding and swallowing disorders and to compare this prevalence with that in typical children. METHOD A total of 103 children were included in the study: 44 children with feeding and swallowing disorders and 59 children without any such disorders. Audiological examinations included case-history information, visualization of the ear canals through otoscopy, middle ear evaluation through tympanometry, and hearing screenings using an audiometer. RESULTS The odds of excessive cerumen (p = .0000, small effect size), middle ear dysfunction (p = .0148, small effect size), and hearing screening failure (p = .0000, large effect size) were 22.14%, 2.97%, and 13.5% higher, respectively, in children with feeding and swallowing disorders compared with typically developing children. CONCLUSION The significantly higher prevalence of hearing problems in children with feeding and swallowing disorders compared with typically developing children suggests that inclusion of an audiologist on the interdisciplinary team is likely to improve overall interventional outcomes for children with feeding and swallowing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Waman Rawool
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown
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96
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Brendal MA, King KA, Zalewski CK, Finucane BM, Introne W, Brewer CC, Smith ACM. Auditory Phenotype of Smith-Magenis Syndrome. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2017; 60:1076-1087. [PMID: 28384694 PMCID: PMC5548078 DOI: 10.1044/2016_jslhr-h-16-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the auditory phenotype of a large cohort with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), a rare disorder including physical anomalies, cognitive deficits, sleep disturbances, and a distinct behavioral phenotype. Method Hearing-related data were collected for 133 individuals with SMS aged 1-49 years. Audiogram data (97 participants) were used for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Caregivers completed a sound sensitivity survey for 98 individuals with SMS and a control group of 24 unaffected siblings. Results Nearly 80% of participants with interpretable audiograms (n = 76) had hearing loss, which was typically slight to mild in degree. When hearing loss type could be determined (40 participants), sensorineural hearing loss (48.1%) occurred most often in participants aged 11-49 years. Conductive hearing loss (35.2%) was typically observed in children aged 1-10 years. A pattern of fluctuating and progressive hearing decline was documented. Hyperacusis was reported in 73.5% of participants with SMS compared with 12.5% of unaffected siblings. Conclusions This study offers the most comprehensive characterization of the auditory phenotype of SMS to date. The auditory profile in SMS is multifaceted and can include a previously unreported manifestation of hyperacusis. Routine audiologic surveillance is recommended as part of standard clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Brendal
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelly A. King
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher K. Zalewski
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brenda M. Finucane
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy Introne
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carmen C. Brewer
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ann C. M. Smith
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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97
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Reducing Listening-Related Stress in School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2010-2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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98
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Abstract
Most neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by their clinical symptoms and many disorders share common features. Recently there has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, although concerns have been raised about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates. This article reviews the essential features of autism spectrum disorder and describes other conditions that may include similar symptoms that may be misdiagnosed as autism spectrum disorder (primary communication disorders, anxiety disorders, attachment disorders, intellectual disability, vision and hearing impairment, and normal variations). An approach to differential diagnosis is discussed with particular attention to evaluation of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Simms
- Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Child Development Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, PO Box 1997, Mail Station 744, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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99
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Tordjman S, Cohen D, Coulon N, Anderson GM, Botbol M, Canitano R, Roubertoux PL. Reframing autism as a behavioral syndrome and not a specific mental disorder: Implications of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:210. [PMID: 28153685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and molecular genetics have advanced current knowledge on genetic disorders associated with autism. A review of diverse genetic disorders associated with autism is presented and for the first time discussed extensively with regard to possible common underlying mechanisms leading to a similar cognitive-behavioral phenotype of autism. The possible role of interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including epigenetic mechanisms, is in particular examined. Finally, the pertinence of distinguishing non-syndromic autism (isolated autism) from syndromic autism (autism associated with genetic disorders) will be reconsidered. Given the high genetic and etiological heterogeneity of autism, autism can be viewed as a behavioral syndrome related to known genetic disorders (syndromic autism) or currently unknown disorders (apparent non-syndromic autism), rather than a specific categorical mental disorder. It highlights the need to study autism phenotype and developmental trajectory through a multidimensional, non-categorical approach with multivariate analyses within autism spectrum disorder but also across mental disorders, and to conduct systematically clinical genetic examination searching for genetic disorders in all individuals (children but also adults) with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tordjman
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Université de Rennes 1 and Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, 154 rue de Châtillon, 35200 Rennes, France; Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes and CNRS UMR 8158, Paris, France.
| | - D Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpétrière, CNRS FRE 2987, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - N Coulon
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes and CNRS UMR 8158, Paris, France
| | - G M Anderson
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Botbol
- Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - R Canitano
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P L Roubertoux
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Inserm, UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France
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100
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Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) symptoms can be masked by communication deficits, common to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We sought to evaluate the association between ASD and otitis media. Using ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes, we performed a retrospective case-cohort study comparing AOM, and otitis-related diagnoses among children with and without ASD. Children with ASD had a significantly increased rate of AOM, otitis media with effusion, otorrhea, and PE tube placement. Children with ASD were more than twice as likely to develop mastoiditis, and to undergo mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. Children with ASD are more likely to have middle ear infections and otitis-related complications, highlighting the importance of routine middle ear examinations and close attention to hearing impairment in this population.
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