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Ballmann S. [Discharge of infants with complex care needs from the neonatal intensive care unit : Ensuring continued inpatient care via the Bunter Kreis aftercare model]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2024; 119:277-284. [PMID: 38600231 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-024-01133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
After discharge of premature infants with complex care needs from the neonatal intensive care unit, a care gap arises due to the transition from inpatient to outpatient care. Consequences can be rehospitalization, revolving door effects, and high costs. Therefore, following hospitalization or inpatient rehabilitation, the patient is intended to transition to sociomedical aftercare. The legal basis for this is formed by § 43 paragraph 2 of the Fifth Book of the German Social Code (SGB V). Over 80 aftercare institutions in Germany work according to the model of the Bunter Kreis. The comprehensive concept describes possibilities for networking which exceed the services provided by sociomedical aftercare. Simultaneously, depending on their stage of development, young adults can receive aftercare according to this model up to their 27th year of life. The interdisciplinary team at the Bunter Kreis comprises nurses, social workers, social education workers, psychologists, and specialist physicians. The largest group of supported persons, with 6000-8000 children per year, is comprised of premature and at-risk babies as well as multiple births, followed by 3000-5000 children with neurologic and syndromic diseases. Other common diseases are metabolic diseases, epilepsy, and diabetes, as well as children after trauma and with rare diseases. Overall, the various diseases sum up to around 20 clinical pictures. The current article presents the Bunter Kreis aftercare process based on case examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ballmann
- Heilpädagogische Hilfe Osnabrück (HHO) Wohnen gGmbH, Ambulanter Pflegedienst, Buersche Straße 143, 49084, Osnabrück, Deutschland.
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Mackie AS, Rankin KN, Yaskina M, Gingrich J, Williams E, Schuh M, Kovacs AH, McCrindle BW, Nicholas D, Rempel GR. Transition Preparation for Young Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: A Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2022; 241:36-41.e2. [PMID: 34619115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a novel nurse-led transition intervention program designed for young adolescents (age 13-14 years) with congenital heart disease (CHD). We hypothesized that the intervention would result in improved self-management skills and CHD knowledge. STUDY DESIGN Single-center cluster randomized controlled trial of a nurse-led transition intervention vs usual care. The intervention group received a 1-hour individualized session with a cardiology nurse, focusing on CHD education and self-management. The primary end point was change in TRANSITION-Q (transition readiness) score between baseline and 6 months. The secondary end point was change in MyHeart score (CHD knowledge). RESULTS We randomized 60 participants to intervention (n = 30) or usual care (n = 30). TRANSITION-Q score (range 0-100) increased from 49 ± 10 at baseline to 54 ± 9.0 at 6 months (intervention) vs 47 ± 14 to 44 ± 14 (usual care). Adjusted for baseline score, TRANSITION-Q scores at 1 and 6 months were greater in the intervention group (mean difference 5.9, 95% CI 1.3-10.5, P = .01). MyHeart score (range 0-100) increased from 48 ± 24 at baseline to 71 ± 16 at 6 months (intervention) vs 54 ± 24 to 57 ± 22 (usual care). Adjusted for baseline score, MyHeart scores at 1 and 6 months were greater in the intervention group (mean difference 19, 95% CI 12-26, P < .0001). Participants aged 14 years had a greater increase in TRANSITION-Q score at 6 months compared with 13-year-old participants (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS A nurse-led program improved transition readiness and CHD knowledge among young adolescents. This simple intervention can be readily adopted in other healthcare settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02374892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Mackie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Kathryn N Rankin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maryna Yaskina
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jody Gingrich
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Brian W McCrindle
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Nicholas
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gwen R Rempel
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
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Dahdah N, Kung SC, Friedman KG, Marelli A, Gordon JB, Belay ED, Baker AL, Kazi DS, White PH, Tremoulet AH. Falling Through the Cracks: The Current Gap in the Health Care Transition of Patients With Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023310. [PMID: 34632822 PMCID: PMC8751858 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Health care transition (HCT) is a period of high vulnerability for patients with chronic childhood diseases, particularly when patients shift from a pediatric to an adult care setting. An increasing number of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) who develop medium and large coronary artery aneurysms (classified by the American Heart Association according to maximal internal coronary artery diameter Z‐scores ≥5 and ≥10, respectively) are becoming adults and thus undergoing an HCT. However, a poor transition to an adult provider represents a risk of loss to follow‐up, which can result in increasing morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results This scientific statement provides a summary of available literature and expert opinion pertaining to KD and HCT of children as they reach adulthood. The statement reviews the existing life‐long risks for patients with KD, explains current guidelines for long‐term care of patients with KD, and offers guidance on assessment and preparation of patients with KD for HCT. The key element to a successful HCT, enabling successful transition outcomes, is having a structured intervention that incorporates the components of planning, transfer, and integration into adult care. This structured intervention can be accomplished by using the Six Core Elements approach that is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American College of Physicians. Conclusions Formal HCT programs for patients with KD who develop aneurysms should be established to ensure a smooth transition with uninterrupted medical care as these youths become adults.
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McDonagh JE, Tattersall R, Clinch J, Swan J, Foster HE, McCann L. Developmentally appropriate transitional care during the Covid-19 pandemic for young people with juvenile-onset rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: the rationale for a position statement. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:136. [PMID: 34433477 PMCID: PMC8386148 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of developmentally appropriate transitional care in young people with juvenile-onset rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease is well recognised. The Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) / European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Taskforce has developed international recommendations and standards for transitional care and a growing evidence base supports the positive benefits of such care. However, there is also evidence that universal implementation has yet to be realised. In 2020, against this background the COVID-19 pandemic arrived with significant impact on all our lives, young and old, patient, public and professional alike. The unfortunate reality of the pandemic with potential for unfavourable outcomes on healthcare provision during transition was acknowledged by the PReS working groups in a position statement to support healthcare professionals, young people and their caregivers. AIM The aim of this review is to present the literature which provides the rationale for the recommendations in the PReS Position Statement. The following areas are specifically addressed: the prime importance of care coordination; the impact of the pandemic on the various aspects of the transition process; the importance of ensuring continuity of medication supply; the pros and cons of telemedicine with young people; ensuring meaningful involvement of young people in service development and the importance of core adolescent health practices such as routine developmental assessment psychosocial screening and appropriate parental involvement during transitional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. McDonagh
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Epidemiology; Centre for MSK Research, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, 2nd floor, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Tattersall
- Sheffield Children’s Hospital and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacqui Clinch
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
| | - Joanne Swan
- Public Health Family Nurse, Family Nurse Partnership, Wallacetown Health Centre, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
- Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) Juvenile Dermatomyositis Working Party, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen E. Foster
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Honorary Consultant Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Chair Paediatric Global Musculoskeletal Task Force, Manchester, UK
| | - Liza McCann
- Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) Juvenile Dermatomyositis Working Party, Manchester, UK
- Consultant Paediatric Rheumatologist, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Robinson ME, Simard M, Larocque I, Shah J, Rahme E, Nakhla M. Psychiatric disorders in emerging adults with diabetes transitioning to adult care: A retrospective cohort study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14541. [PMID: 33576092 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS During transition from paediatric to adult diabetes care, adolescents with diabetes are at increased risk of psychiatric disorders compared with those without diabetes. Prolonged gaps between the last paediatric and first adult diabetes care visit are associated with higher perceived stress and lower life satisfaction. We assessed the effect of a gap (>180 days) in establishing adult diabetes care on the risk of psychiatric disorders and determined other risk factors associated with psychiatric disorders during the transfer to adult care. METHODS Using provincial health administrative databases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals from Québec, Canada, diagnosed with diabetes between ages 1 and 15 years in 1997-2015. These individuals were followed from 6 months after their last paediatric visit until age 25 years. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to determine the association of gap in care with psychiatric disorders risk. RESULTS Among 1772 youth with diabetes, 740 (42%) had a gap in care. There was a non-statistically significant association between gap in care and mood disorders diagnosed in the emergency department or hospital (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.92, 2.07]). Older age at transfer, recent birth year and higher number of all-cause emergency department visits in the year before transfer increased the risks of psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged gaps in care during transfer to adult care are common and may be associated with increased psychiatric disorder risk. Developmental factors associated with adolescence and emerging adulthood may further amplify this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Robinson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Simard
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Larocque
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jai Shah
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meranda Nakhla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ryan D, Chafe R, Moorehead P. Transition from pediatric to adult aftercare for survivors of pediatric cancer in Newfoundland and Labrador: a qualitative study. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E309-E316. [PMID: 33795220 PMCID: PMC8034256 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) face increased risks during the period when they leave pediatric care and transition into adult-focused aftercare. We examined the experiences of CCSs entering adult-focused aftercare to gain a better understanding of current transition practices and barriers to transition, and to identify opportunities for improving care. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study using in-person and telephone semi-structured interviews. Childhood cancer survivors who recently transitioned out of pediatric care and health care providers (HCPs) who provide care for CCSs in Newfoundland and Labrador were identified using purposive sampling. Participants were interviewed between July 2017 and March 2019. Data were analyzed using both qualitative descriptive and thematic analysis. RESULTS We conducted interviews with 5 CCSs and 9 HCPs. All CCSs interviewed reported receiving aftercare through their pediatric oncology program; only 2 reported receiving any form of aftercare in the adult setting. The lack of a structured transition process for CCSs in the province emerged as a theme in this study. Interview participants identified several barriers to transition: the added challenges for survivors in rural areas, changes in the availability of services after the transition to adult-focused aftercare, challenges associated with navigating the adult system, and a lack of education on transitioning into adult aftercare. INTERPRETATION We found that there was little preparation for the transition of CCSs into adult care, and their aftercare was disrupted. Programs serving CCSs have opportunities to improve care by standardizing and better supporting these transitions, for example through the development of context-appropriate educational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devonne Ryan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Ryan) and Discipline of Pediatrics (Chafe), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland; Children's and Women's Health (Moorehead), Eastern Health; Janeway Pediatric Research Unit (Chafe, Moorehead), St. John's, NL
| | - Roger Chafe
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Ryan) and Discipline of Pediatrics (Chafe), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland; Children's and Women's Health (Moorehead), Eastern Health; Janeway Pediatric Research Unit (Chafe, Moorehead), St. John's, NL
| | - Paul Moorehead
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Ryan) and Discipline of Pediatrics (Chafe), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland; Children's and Women's Health (Moorehead), Eastern Health; Janeway Pediatric Research Unit (Chafe, Moorehead), St. John's, NL
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are a vulnerable population with unique needs that are under-recognized and often overlooked by healthcare providers. This review focuses on identifying and meeting some of those needs including adherence to treatment, financial implications, impact on fertility and intimacy, issues with work/school, isolation, challenges with re-entry, and long-term side effects and survivorship. RECENT FINDINGS Survival rates have not improved in adolescents and young adults with cancer at the same rate as in children and older adults (the so called "AYA gap"). Restricted or delayed access to care and inconsistent cancer treatment and follow-up care contribute to this. Importantly, fertility preservation options have broadened and efforts to provide age appropriate counseling prior to treatment have improved. Additionally, AYAs face a variety of psychosocial issues while dealing with a cancer diagnosis during critical developmental years, and yet data pertaining to the successful identification and management of these issues is lacking. As a result, there has been recent increasing awareness that this patient population warrants strong advocates, additional research, and requires age group specific resources to be successful in navigating their cancer experience during treatment and into survivorship care. Members of the healthcare team should familiarize themselves with the unique needs of AYA cancer patients to provide optimal patient care. In order to build upon early progress, this group calls for additional study particularly when it comes to barriers to enrollment for AYA-specific research (including clinical trials), recognizing psychosocial needs (both during and after treatment), transition planning for returning to life after cancer, and managing long-term effects of treatment (including neuro cognitive changes). In addition, access to financial resources and appropriate mental health support needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Jin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Melody A Griffith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
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Vilanova-Sánchez A, Choueiki J, Smith CA, Callicot S, Frischer JS, Levitt MA. Creating a collaborative program for the care of children with colorectal and pelvic problems. Semin Pediatr Surg 2020; 29:150985. [PMID: 33288133 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2020.150985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with colorectal disorders and their associated urologic, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, spinal, and orthopedic anomalies requires care from various medical and surgical specialties over the course of their lifetime. This is ideally handled by a collaborative center which facilitates the assessment and development of a long-term patient care plan among multiple specialties which can enhance the quality of care, improve communication among different specialties, and improve patient satisfaction and outcomes. We describe the process, as well as lessons learned in developing such a center.
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Franco D, Mora Á, Muñoz G, Heresi C. [Adolescents whit epilepsy in transition to adult medical care]. Rev Chil Pediatr 2020; 91:838-839. [PMID: 33399650 DOI: 10.32641/rchped.vi91i5.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángela Mora
- Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gloria Muñoz
- Hospital de niños Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Leeb RT, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, Cree RA, Godfred-Cato S, Hughes MM, Powell P, Firchow B, Hart LC, Lebrun-Harris LA. Support for Transition from Adolescent to Adult Health Care Among Adolescents With and Without Mental, Behavioral, and Developmental Disorders - United States, 2016-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:1156-1160. [PMID: 32853187 PMCID: PMC7451977 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6934a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines recommend that primary care providers (PCPs) provide guidance and support to ensure a planned transition from pediatric to adult health care for adolescents, beginning at age 12 years (1). However, most adolescents do not receive the recommended health care transition planning (2). This is particularly concerning for adolescents with diagnosed mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) (3), who account for approximately 20% of U.S. adolescents (4). Childhood MBDDs are linked to increased long-term morbidity and mortality; timely health care transition planning might mitigate adverse outcomes (5,6). CDC analyzed pooled, parent-reported data from the 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), comparing adolescents, aged 12-17 years, with and without MBDDs on a composite measure and specific indicators of recommended health care transition planning by PCPs. Overall, approximately 15% of adolescents received recommended health care transition planning: 15.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.1%-17.5%) of adolescents with MBDDs, compared with 14.2% (95% CI = 13.2%-15.3%) of adolescents without MBDDs. Relative to peers without MBDDs and after adjusting for age, adolescents with anxiety were 36% more likely to receive recommended health care transition planning, and those with depression were 69% more likely; adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were 35% less likely to receive such transition planning, and those with developmental delay* were 25% less likely. Fewer than 20% of adolescents with MBDDs receiving current treatment met the transition measure. These findings suggest that a minority of adolescents with MBDDs receive recommended transition planning, indicating a potential missed public health opportunity to prevent morbidity and mortality in a population at high risk for health care disengagement (1). Improving access to comprehensive and coordinated programs and services,† as well as increasing provider training concerning adolescents' unique mental and physical health care needs (7), could help increase the number of adolescents benefiting from successful health care transitions (4).
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Wasilewska E, Małgorzewicz S, Sobierajska-Rek A, Jabłońska-Brudło J, Górska L, Śledzińska K, Bautembach-Minkowska J, Wierzba J. Transition from Childhood to Adulthood in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090426. [PMID: 32846887 PMCID: PMC7557675 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, progress has been observed in the knowledge about Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), which is a severe and commonly diagnosed genetic myopathy in childhood, historically resulting in early death. Currently, there are a lot of methods available to improve the clinical course of DMD and extend patients’ life expectancy to more than 30 years of age. The key issue for DMD patients is the period between 16–18 years of age, which is described as a transition from pediatric- to adult-oriented healthcare. Adolescents and adults with DMD have highly complex healthcare needs associated with long-term steroid usage, orthopedic, ventilation, cardiac, and gastrointestinal problems. The current paper provides a comprehensive overview of special healthcare needs related to the transfer of a patient with DMD from child-oriented to adult-oriented care. Additionally, the need to organize effective care for adults with DMD is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Wasilewska
- Department of Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Sylwia Małgorzewicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-583-492-724
| | - Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.-R.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Joanna Jabłońska-Brudło
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.-R.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Lucyna Górska
- Department of Allergology and Pulmonology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Karolina Śledzińska
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.Ś.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Bautembach-Minkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.Ś.); (J.W.)
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Ng SM, Lay JT, Regan F, Soni A, Wright N, Agwu JC, Williams E, Timmis A, Kershaw M, Moudiotis C, Drew J. Variations in diabetes transition care for children and young people: a national survey. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1407-1409. [PMID: 32511813 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Ng
- Paediatric Department, Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust, Ormskirk, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J T Lay
- Paediatric Department, Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust, Ormskirk, UK
| | - F Regan
- Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, UK
| | - A Soni
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - N Wright
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J C Agwu
- Department of Paediatrics, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Williams
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK
| | - A Timmis
- Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - M Kershaw
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Moudiotis
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - J Drew
- Department of Paediatrics, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Schraeder K, Dimitropoulos G, McBrien K, Li JY, Samuel S. Perspectives from primary health care providers on their roles for supporting adolescents and young adults transitioning from pediatric services. BMC Fam Pract 2020; 21:140. [PMID: 32660598 PMCID: PMC7359255 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitioning from pediatric care to adult-oriented care at age 18 (the age of transfer in most countries and jurisdictions) is a complex process for adolescents and young adults affected by chronic physical health and/or mental health conditions. The role of primary health care (PHC) providers for this population is poorly understood. Perspectives from these providers, such as family physicians and other members of the primary care team, have not been explored in depth. METHODS A total of 18 participants (e.g., family physicians, social workers, nurses) were recruited from 6 Primary Care Networks in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, and transcribed verbatim. A qualitative description approach was used to analyze the data, and included thematic analysis. RESULTS Five distinct, yet overlapping, roles of primary health care providers for adolescents and young adults transitioning to adult care resulted from our analysis: (1) being the "common thread" (continuous accessible care); (2) caring for the "whole patient" (comprehensive care); (3) "knowing families" (family-partnered care); (4) "empowering" adolescents and young adults to develop "personal responsibility" (developmentally-appropriate care); and (5) "quarterbacking" care (coordination of specialist and/or community-based care). Participants identified potential benefits of these roles for adolescents and young adults transitioning to adult care, and barriers in practice (e.g., lack of time, having minimal involvement in pediatric care). CONCLUSIONS Input from family physicians, who follow their patients across the lifespan and provide the majority of primary care in Canada, are critical for informing and refining recommended transition practices. Our findings provide insights, from PHC providers themselves, to bolster the rationale for primary care involvement during transitions from pediatric specialty and community-based care for AYAs. Solutions to overcome barriers for integrating primary care and specialty care for adolescents and young adults need to be identified, and tested, with input from key stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyleigh Schraeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Gina Dimitropoulos
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kerry McBrien
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica Yijia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Samuel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Doucet S, Curran JA, Breneol S, Luke A, Dionne E, Azar R, Reid AE, McKibbon S, Horsman AR, Binns K. Programmes to support transitions in care for children and youth with complex care needs and their families: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033978. [PMID: 32565449 PMCID: PMC7307541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children and youth with complex care needs (CCNs) and their families experience many care transitions over their lifespan and are consequently vulnerable to the discontinuity or gaps in care that can occur during these transitions. Transitional care programmes, broadly defined as one or more intervention(s) or service(s) that aim to improve continuity of care, are increasingly being developed to address transitions in care for children and youth with CCNs. However, this literature has not yet been systematically examined at a comprehensive level. The purpose of this scoping review is to map the range of programmes that support transitions in care for children and youth with CCNs and their families during two phases of their lifespan: (1) up to the age of 19 years (not including their transition to adult healthcare) and (2) when transitioning from paediatric to adult healthcare. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews (ScR) will be used for the proposed scoping review. ScR are a type of knowledge synthesis that are useful for addressing exploratory research questions that aim to map key concepts and types of evidence on a topic and can be used to organise what is known about the phenomena. A preliminary search of PubMed was conducted in December 2018. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required where this study is a review of the published and publicly reported literature. The research team's advisory council will develop a research dissemination strategy with goals, target audiences, expertise/leadership, resources and deadlines to maximise project outputs. The end-of-grant activities will be used to raise awareness, promote action and inform future research, policy and practice on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Doucet
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Janet A Curran
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sydney Breneol
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison Luke
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Emilie Dionne
- St. Mary's Research Centre & Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rima Azar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Amy E Reid
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Shelley McKibbon
- W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amanda R Horsman
- Interdisciplinary Studies, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Krystal Binns
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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Vion-Genovese V, Cheick M, Rombdalle-Balle S, Llerena C. [Cystic fibrosis, the transition to adult centres]. Rev Infirm 2020; 69:23-24. [PMID: 32146959 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transition from childhood to adulthood means physical and psychological upheaval. The Safetim study, in a multi-professional team, is looking at the ideal transition for cystic fibrosis patients. Synthesis of the literature on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Vion-Genovese
- Centre de ressource et de compétence de la mucoviscidose, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, hôpital couple-enfant, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | - Marie Cheick
- Centre de ressource et de compétence de la mucoviscidose, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, hôpital couple-enfant, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Rombdalle-Balle
- Centre de ressource et de compétence de la mucoviscidose, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, hôpital couple-enfant, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Llerena
- Centre de ressource et de compétence de la mucoviscidose, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, hôpital couple-enfant, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Fitzgerald DA. Mini-symposium: Transition to adult care: What adult physicians need to know. Paediatr Respir Rev 2020; 33:1-2. [PMID: 32014351 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Fitzgerald
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Physician, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
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Petersen E, Sacks Z, Volerman A, Sharma N. Crossover curriculum: moving towards cross-departmental resident education. Med Educ 2019; 53:1144-1145. [PMID: 31650596 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Holroyd S. Intermittent catheterisation: challenges when children move to adult services. Br J Nurs 2019; 28:S20-S22. [PMID: 31597064 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.18.s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sharon Holroyd, Lead Clinical Nurse Specialist, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, outlines approaches to self-catheterisation for children and young people, sharon.holroyd2@cht.nhs.uk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Holroyd
- Lead Clinical Nurse Specialist, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust
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Hart LC, Mouw MS, Teal R, Jonas DE. What Care Models Have Generalists Implemented to Address Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care?: a Qualitative Study. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:2083-2090. [PMID: 31410810 PMCID: PMC6816717 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from pediatric to adult care is a critical period for young adults with childhood-onset conditions. General internists are tasked with participating in the care of this vulnerable population. Existing guidelines regarding transition do not fully address structural or organizational characteristics of practices that facilitate transition. Moreover, literature regarding transition has focused on pediatric subspecialty settings, leaving internists with little guidance after transfer. OBJECTIVES To better understand post-transfer transitional care by describing care models that primary care providers have implemented, and examining common features of generalist physicians' experiences providing transitional care. DESIGN Qualitative methods, semi-structured interviews. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen generalist-trained physicians from across the USA, engaged in transition-focused and/or ongoing care of adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset conditions. APPROACH Content and grounded theory analyses. KEY RESULTS Participants included nineteen physicians from seventeen institutions. Most (89%) were from academic medical centers. About 80% had completed a combined internal medicine-pediatrics residency. About 70% worked with clinic staff who were dedicated to transition. Practice structures fell into four main care models: (1) primary care in adult settings; (2) transition support and primary care in pediatric settings; (3) a blend of pediatric and adult care elements forming a bridge during transition; and (4) a transition consultative service. Most provided primary care for adults with childhood-onset conditions within larger adult-oriented primary care practices. Common features across interviews included taking extra time with patients both during and between visits and an interdisciplinary team-based approach. Shared practice strategies and philosophies emphasized care coordination, focus on the whole patient beyond immediate health concerns, and willingness to learn from practice and from families. CONCLUSIONS Participants used disparate care models. Common features and strategies among interviews highlight key functions and attributes of transitional care across settings, suggest important elements of care post-transfer, and clarify the role of generalists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Hart
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Mary S Mouw
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Randall Teal
- Connected Health Applications and Interventions (CHAI-Core), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel E Jonas
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Hill T, Haut C. Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Model for Transition to Adult Care. Nephrol Nurs J 2019; 46:533-541. [PMID: 31566348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Successful health care transition from pediatric to adult care emphasizes the need for a collaborative effort to employ systematic processes. The development of a structured health care transition program for adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was the goal of this quality improvement program. The non-experimental design included development of an individualized health care transition treatment plan and TRxANSITION Scale™ application of the transition plan with patient evaluation; success designated full transition to adult care. Of the 19 patients enrolled, 74% had CKD, and 26% were renal transplant recipients. TRxANSITION Scale variables with the highest Pearson Correlation coefficients for total scores and strong positive relationships were self-management, insurance, and school. Four participants successfully transitioned. Purposeful, interprofessional health care transition preparation provides youth with CKD ongoing access to subspecialists, promotes self-care, and allows continued support of long-term health care planning. This evidence-based project adds to the body of knowledge for a topic that has proven to be challenging and often difficult for patients, families, and providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hill
- Acute Care Nurse Practitioner/Adjunct Faculty - University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cathy Haut
- Coordinator of Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Nemours, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
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Toulany A, Stukel TA, Kurdyak P, Fu L, Guttmann A. Association of Primary Care Continuity With Outcomes Following Transition to Adult Care for Adolescents With Severe Mental Illness. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e198415. [PMID: 31373654 PMCID: PMC6681550 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Adolescents with severe mental illness often age out of pediatric care without a clear transfer of care to adult services. The extent to which primary care provides stability during this vulnerable transition period is not known. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between primary care continuity during the transition from pediatric to adult care and need for acute mental health services in young adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study used linked health and demographic administrative data for all adolescents aged 12 to 16 years with severe mental illness ascertained by hospitalization for schizophrenia, eating disorder, or mood disorder between April 1, 2002, and April 1, 2014, in Ontario, Canada. Participants were followed up through March 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from July 2018 to January 2019. EXPOSURES Continuous primary care (same physician as baseline [age 12-16 years] always or sometimes), discontinuous primary care (visits to a primary care physician during the transition period who was not the patient's usual physician), and no primary care during the transition period (age 17-18 years). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mental health-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits in young adulthood (age 19-26 years) adjusted for sex, rurality, neighborhood income, mental illness type, and health service use before transition. RESULTS Among 8409 adolescents with severe mental illness (5720 [68.0%] female; mean [SD] age, 14.8 [1.2] years), 5478 (65.1%) had continuous primary care, 2391 (28.4%) had discontinuous primary care, and 540 (6.4%) had no primary care during the transition period. Youths with no primary care during transition were more likely to be male (57.2%), have lower socioeconomic status (31.5%), and have no usual primary care practitioner at baseline (25.6%). Compared with continuous care, patients with discontinuous and no primary care had an increased rate of mental health-related hospitalization in young adulthood (adjusted relative rate, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.30; and adjusted relative rate, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08-1.56, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In the context of decreasing outpatient specialist mental health visit rates following transition to adult care, ensuring adequate access to primary care during this vulnerable period may improve mental health outcomes in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alène Toulany
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thérèse A. Stukel
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Astrid Guttmann
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Saarijärvi M, Wallin L, Moons P, Gyllensten H, Bratt EL. Transition program for adolescents with congenital heart disease in transition to adulthood: protocol for a mixed-method process evaluation study (the STEPSTONES project). BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028229. [PMID: 31377699 PMCID: PMC6687006 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Today, the majority of young persons living with chronic conditions in high-income countries survive into adulthood and will need life-long medical follow-up. Therefore, transition programmes have been developed to facilitate transfer to adult care, and to support self-management and independence during adulthood. The Swedish Transition Effects Project Supporting Teenagers with chrONic mEdical conditionS (STEPSTONES) project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a person-centred transition programme for empowering adolescents with congenital heart disease in transition to adulthood. To understand how the transition programme causes change and how outcomes are created, process evaluation is imperative to assess implementation, context and mechanisms of impact. This protocol aims to describe the process evaluation of the STEPSTONES transition programme. METHODS AND DESIGN Medical Research Council guidance for process evaluation of complex interventions will be the guiding framework for this mixed-method study. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data will capture different aspects of programme delivery. The sample will consist of participants in the STEPSTONES randomised controlled trial (RCT), persons implementing the programme and healthcare professionals. Quantitative data will consist of protocols and routine monitoring documents from the RCT, data collected from patient registries and sociodemographic data to assess the implementation of the intervention. This data will be analysed with quantitative content analysis, along with descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data will consist of participatory observations, logbooks and interviews with persons implementing the programme, participants and healthcare professionals. Analyses will be performed using qualitative content analysis to investigate mechanism of impact, context and delivery. Quantitative and qualitative data will be integrated in the final stage by using a triangulation protocol according to mixed-method guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg, Sweden. Results will be presented in open access, peer-reviewed journals and at international scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Saarijärvi
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Lars Wallin
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Hogskolan Dalarna, Falun, Dalarna, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Moons
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaanderen, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanna Gyllensten
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
- Centre for Person-Centered Care, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Ewa-Lena Bratt
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Drottning Silvias barn- och ungdomssjukhus i Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden
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McKeown A, Cliffe C, Arora A, Griffin A. Ethical challenges of integration across primary and secondary care: a qualitative and normative analysis. BMC Med Ethics 2019; 20:42. [PMID: 31269930 PMCID: PMC6610833 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-019-0386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper explores ethical concerns arising in healthcare integration. We argue that integration is necessary imperative for meeting contemporary and future healthcare challenges, a far stronger evidence base for the conditions of its effectiveness is required. In particular, given the increasing emphasis at the policy level for the entire healthcare infrastructure to become better integrated, our analysis of the ethical challenges that follow from the logic of integration itself is timely and important and has hitherto received insufficient attention. METHODS We evaluated an educational intervention which aims to improve child health outcomes by making transitions between primary to secondary care more efficient, ensuring children and parents are better supported throughout. The programme provided skills for trainee paediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) in co-designing integrated clinical services. RESULTS The key ethical challenges of integrated care that arose from a clinical perspective are: professional identity and autonomy in an integrated working environment; the concomitant extent of professional responsibility in such an environment; and the urgent need for more evidence to be produced on which strategies for integrating at scale can be based. CONCLUSIONS From our analysis we suggest a tentative way forward, viewed from a normative position broadly situated at the intersection of deontology and care ethics. We adopt this position because the primary clinical ethical issues in the context of integrated care concern: how to ensure that all duties of care to individual patients are met in a newly orientated working environment where clinical responsibility may be ambiguous; and the need to orientate care around the patient by foregrounding their autonomous preferences and ensuring good patient clinician relationships in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McKeown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX England
| | - Charlotte Cliffe
- University College London Medical School, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU England
| | - Arun Arora
- University of Manchester Medical School, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Ann Griffin
- Research Department for Medical Education, University College London Medical School, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU England
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Caruso Brown AE, Frega K. Who Deserves Access to Care in Children's Hospitals? Hastings Cent Rep 2018; 48:7-11. [PMID: 30586175 DOI: 10.1002/hast.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An eighteen-year-old with sickle cell disease was admitted to the pediatric hematology service at his local children's hospital for management of an acute pain crisis, one of many such admissions. He had a good relationship with his primary hematologist and primary nurse, but with other health care providers, there was evident friction. Sometimes, he was simply rude, rolling over and pretending to sleep in response to questions about his symptoms. When frustrated or convinced that his pain was not being addressed appropriately, he was prone to yelling and cursing at his nurses. After members of the health care team complained, their supervisor decided to transfer the patient to an adult general medicine service. Reasons cited for the transition included the stressful work environment created by the patient's actions, his refusal to follow directives from staff (although he was generally adherent to treatment), and the hypothetical harm to other young patients who might witness his behavior. Was this a just outcome? Is it ever permissible to deny access to pediatric care to a patient whose best interests would be served by it? Can access be withheld for "bad" behavior, and can transfer of care be wielded as a punishment?
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Conti F, Pontikaki I, D'Andrea M, Ravelli A, De Benedetti F. Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis become adults: the role of transitional care. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36:1086-1094. [PMID: 29652654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients need to attend adult rheumatology centres to continue the clinical management of their disease and to receive adequate long-term treatment. Transition from the paediatric to the adult health care team is a critical moment in the clinical history of these patients, but unfortunately, about 50% of the transfer processes to adult rheumatology are not successful, putting these patients at high risk of unfavourable outcomes. There are several obstacles to the success of transitional care for JIA patients, such as the absence of specific criteria for the assessment of disease activity, the lack of specific treatment recommendations for JIA adult patients, the poor adolescent-specific training for adult rheumatologists, and the shortage of resources. The improvement in the transition process in medical care has become a priority in many health care systems, but not many studies evaluating transition models, and common methodologies for measuring transition outcomes are available. The aim of this review is to identify and describe the models of transitional care in JIA, providing insights and recommendations to develop effective transitional care models in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Conti
- Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
| | - Irene Pontikaki
- Reumatologia dell'Età Evolutiva, UC di Reumatologia, ASST-Pini-CTO, Università di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Ravelli
- Università degli Studi di Genova and Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Lapp V, Chase SK. How Do Youth with Cystic Fibrosis Perceive Their Readiness to Transition to Adult Healthcare Compared to Their Caregivers' Views? J Pediatr Nurs 2018; 43:104-110. [PMID: 30473151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe how perceived stages of change for self-care management skills varies by age in youth with cystic fibrosis in preparation for transition to adult healthcare, to compare caregiver perception of youth readiness for self-care, and age/frequency of transition discussion with provider. DESIGN AND METHODS The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire and a modified version (TRAQ-C) for caregivers were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and t-tests were employed. RESULTS Regression equations suggest that age predicts youth perception of self-care management skill in all five domains on the TRAQ (p ≤ .009). A paired t-test compared the overall TRAQ and TRAQ-C mean scores between dyads. Youth rated themselves significantly higher in perception of self-care skill management (m = 3.187, sd = 0.769) than caregivers (m = 2.490, sd = 0.788; t = 7.408, df = 51, p < .001). Sixteen was the average age of transition discussion for both youth and caregiver. Reported frequency of discussion varied considerably. CONCLUSIONS Although increasing age predicts perception of self-care management, many youth age 18-22 were still only contemplating or starting to learn skills. Skill level perceptions between youth and caregiver differed, but scores from all self-care management domains followed a similar trend. Discussions with providers began later than guidelines recommend and were often not recognized as such by youth. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Results underscore the importance of beginning transition discussion and skill evaluation in youth with cystic fibrosis at an early age, incorporating caregivers' perception in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lapp
- University of Central Florida, College of Nursing, Orlando, USA; Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Susan K Chase
- University of Central Florida, College of Nursing, Orlando, USA.
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Abstract
Millions of adults in the United States are currently living with what is termed chronic childhood conditions-childhood-onset conditions, about which adult providers often receive minimal training-and another half million youths with special health care needs enter adulthood each year and will undergo transition from pediatric to adult care. Here, the authors review the important otolaryngologic manifestations of several of these chronic childhood conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome, as well as the primary care providers' role in caring for transitioning tracheostomy-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mixter
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Suite 7143, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Rosalyn W Stewart
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Suite 7143, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Glasper A. Improving transition from child and adolescent mental health services. Br J Nurs 2018; 27:1130-1131. [PMID: 30346827 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2018.27.19.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Glasper
- From the University of Southampton, discusses a report from the Health Care Safety Investigation Branch, which discusses failings in transition to adult mental health services
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Thomas SM, Malvar J, Tran H, Shows J, Freyer DR. A prospective comparison of cancer clinical trial availability and enrollment among adolescents/young adults treated at an adult cancer hospital or affiliated children's hospital. Cancer 2018; 124:4064-4071. [PMID: 30291804 PMCID: PMC6234084 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cancer clinical trial (CCT) enrollment may contribute to survival disparities affecting adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (ages 15-39 years). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether differences in CCT availability related to treatment site could explain the low CCT enrollment. METHODS This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted at an academic children's hospital and its affiliated but geographically separated adult cancer hospital within a National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. For consecutive, newly diagnosed AYA patients, it was determined whether an appropriate CCT existed nationally, was available at the treatment site, and was used for enrollment. Proportions of AYAs in these categories were compared between sites using the chi-square test. RESULTS One hundred fifty-two consecutive AYA patients were included from the children's hospital (n = 68; ages 15-20 years) and the adult cancer hospital (n = 84; ages 18-39 years). Although there was no difference in CCT existence for individual AYA patients by site (children's hospital [36 of 68 patients; 52.9%] vs adult cancer hospital [45 of 84 patients; 53.6%]; P = .938), CCT availability was significantly lower at the adult cancer hospital (14 of 84 patients [16.7%] vs 30 of 68 [44.1%] at the children's hospital; P < .001). The proportion of AYAs enrolled was low at both sites (8 of 68 patients [11.8%] vs 6 of 84 patients [7.1%], respectively; P = .327). Fewer existing CCTs were available at the adult cancer hospital (4 of 27 patients [14.8%] vs 8 of 14 patients [57.1%], respectively), and those were directed toward solid tumors and new agents. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to improve low CCT enrollment among AYAs should be differentiated by treatment site. In the adult setting, these efforts should be aimed at improving CCT availability by overcoming site-level barriers to opening existing CCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Thomas
- Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jemily Malvar
- Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Henry Tran
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jared Shows
- Department of Pathology, Long Beach Memorial/Miller Children’s Hospital, Long Beach, California
| | - David R. Freyer
- Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine and the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various programs have been proposed to facilitate more successful transitions from pediatric to adult care for children with special health care needs. Few have been evaluated for their effectiveness. The purpose of this project was to systematically evaluate the Duke Complex Care Clinic using the social-ecological model of adolescent and young adult readiness for transition (SMART). METHODS Cross-sectional data were acquired from surveys of 23 patient/parent dyads and from retrospective chart reviews for 50 patients. After the initial program evaluation, a pilot transition readiness tracking tool was implemented. RESULTS Documentation of compliance with the SMART domains was high. Despite high satisfaction with the clinic and a focus on transition, many of the patient/parent dyads expressed low confidence in their ability to transition successfully. CONCLUSIONS Transition beliefs and expectations should be further assessed and addressed in transition care visits. Further modification of the patient tracking tool and clinic flow may improve patient transition outcomes.
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Coyne B, Hallowell SC, Keim-Malpass J. Methodologic Considerations for Transition Research Using the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Health Care 2018; 32:363-373. [PMID: 29471981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to describe methodologic considerations in using the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) for transition research in terms of variable inclusion and definition of transition outcomes and to provide suggestions for using NS-CSHCN for transition research. A systematic review was conducted. Inclusion criteria included use of NS-CSHCN data and transition as an outcome variable. Fourteen studies were included. Ten (71%) studies evaluated a sample of all CSHCN. Ten (71%) articles used all four variables recommended by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau core outcome on transition. Other variables included patient-centered medical home. The NS-CSHCN provides a rich dataset that can be used in transition research addressing transition preparation from the parent perspective. Using the NS-CSHCN, we recommend analyzing all variables related to the Maternal and Child Health Bureau core outcome for transition, variables related to patient-centered medical home, and further analysis of specific health conditions.
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Casas-Fernandez C, Alarcon-Martinez H, Martinez-Salcedo E, Ibanez-Mico S. [Transition from child to adult epilepsy. Difficulties with an objective that cannot be delayed]. Rev Neurol 2018; 66:S7-S16. [PMID: 29876906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric care of a chronic process is limited by the moment when the clinical and therapeutic follow-up must be continued by a specialist from the area for adults. The delay in the transition from paediatrics to adult medicine can be due to causes attributable to the patient or his/her relatives, or the professional who diagnosed the disease. The former arises from the uncertainty of facing the unknown, which becomes more intense when the diagnosis and treatment have been difficult, as there is a fear of upsetting the stability of the patient. The latter concerns the paediatric specialist, who created ties of dependence with the patient due to the difficulties involved in the process, and perhaps even owing to a wish to avoid playing a less important role in it. Delaying the transition gives rise to problems that are detrimental for the child, because after adolescence there will still be a harmful dependence on the family and the paediatrician, which will delay the necessary knowledge of their own illness and of the limitations that can condition them. As a result this can prevent them from developing mechanisms for coming to terms with the reality of their own life situation. Later on, when it comes to taking the necessary step into adult medicine, immaturity appears, which increases the difficulties due to a lack of knowledge of both the disease and the tell-tale signs of alarm, revealing insecurity in the different situations that arise. The problem can be solved by a slow progressive change which must be coordinated in mixed outpatient departments with the presence of specialists for both paediatric and adult patients. This publication offers an analysis of this problem and a review of the solutions recommended to implement them in the best possible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Casas-Fernandez
- Hospital General Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Espana
| | | | | | - S Ibanez-Mico
- Hospital General Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Espana
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Howard AF, Kazanjian A, Pritchard S, Olson R, Hasan H, Newton K, Goddard K. Healthcare system barriers to long-term follow-up for adult survivors of childhood cancer in British Columbia, Canada: a qualitative study. J Cancer Surviv 2018; 12:277-290. [PMID: 29222704 PMCID: PMC5956053 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-017-0667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk-stratified life-long follow-up care is recommended for adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) to ensure appropriate prevention, screening, and management of late effects. The identification of barriers to long-term follow-up (LTFU), particularly in varying healthcare service contexts, is essential to develop and refine services that are responsive to survivor needs. We aimed to explore CCS and healthcare professionals (HCP) perspectives of healthcare system factors that function as barriers to LTFU in British Columbia, Canada. METHODS We analyzed data from 43 in-depth interviews, 30 with CCS and 13 with HCP, using qualitative thematic analysis and constant comparative methods. RESULTS Barriers to accessible, comprehensive, quality LTFU were associated with the following: (1) the difficult and abrupt transition from pediatric to adult health services, (2) inconvenient and under-resourced health services, (3) shifting patient-HCP relationships, (4) family doctor inadequate experience with late effects management, and (5) overdue and insufficient late effects communication with CCS. CONCLUSIONS Structural, informational, and interpersonal/relational healthcare system factors often prevent CCS from initially accessing LTFU after discharge from pediatric oncology programs as well as adversely affecting engagement in ongoing screening, surveillance, and management of late effects. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Understanding the issues faced by adult CCS will provide insight necessary to developing patient-centered healthcare solutions that are key to accessible, acceptable, appropriate, and effective healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fuchsia Howard
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, T201 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Arminee Kazanjian
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sheila Pritchard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rob Olson
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency - Centre for the North, Prince George, Canada
| | - Haroon Hasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kelly Newton
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, T201 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karen Goddard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
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Devine KA, Monaghan M, Schwartz LA. Introduction to the Special Issue on Adolescent and Young Adult Health: Why We Care, How Far We Have Come, and Where We Are Going. J Pediatr Psychol 2018; 42:903-909. [PMID: 29046043 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue on adolescent and young adult (AYA) health comprises 15 original articles. The special issue recognizes the importance of AYA-focused research, highlights unique issues across the AYA period, and showcases cutting-edge research focused on AYAs. We describe the rationale for focusing on the AYA population, themes of the special issue, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Devine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Department of Psychology & Behavioral Health, Children's National Health System
| | - Lisa A Schwartz
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Benson ND, Cunningham C, Braun L, Wallace J, Stewart K, Derouin A. Transitioning Pediatric Patients to Adult Health Care: A Quality Improvement Needs Assessment. J Pediatr Health Care 2018; 32:216-222. [PMID: 29398164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hardy RY, Gurvitz M, Jackson JL, May S, Miller P, Daskalov R, Foster E. College students with congenital heart disease: A critical time for transition. J Am Coll Health 2018; 66:324-328. [PMID: 29452064 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1440583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As medical and surgical advances improve, more young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) are attending college. This case study illustrates some of the issues that these young adults may face as they attend college and discusses the role that college health practitioners can play in easing that transition. PARTICIPANTS A case of a male with CHD presenting to the college health clinic with a new onset headache. METHODS The authors discuss some of the unique challenges that college health practitioners may face when caring for students with CHD. In addition, they make recommendations on how best to care for these patients and how best to coordinate care with CHD students other care providers. RESULTS This student with a history of coarctation of the aorta presented with new onset headaches and was found to have high blood pressure. He was diagnosed with recurrent coarctation, underwent percutaneous treatment with stenting and quickly resumed classes. CONCLUSIONS As more students with CHD enter college, college health providers will need to understand some of the health risks that CHD students face. In addition, understanding some of the optimal ways to coordinate care with CHD providers can ease the transition that CHD students face as they enter college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Y Hardy
- a Department of Health Systems , Management and Policy, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Michelle Gurvitz
- b Department of Cardiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Jamie L Jackson
- c Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Susan May
- d Congenital Heart Public Health Consortium, American Academy of Pediatrics , Elk Grove Village , Illinois , USA
| | - Paula Miller
- e Adult Congenital Heart Association , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Rachel Daskalov
- d Congenital Heart Public Health Consortium, American Academy of Pediatrics , Elk Grove Village , Illinois , USA
| | - Elyse Foster
- f Division of Cardiology, University of California - San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
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Maniatopoulos G, Le Couteur A, Vale L, Colver A. Falling through the gaps: exploring the role of integrated commissioning in improving transition from children's to adults' services for young people with long-term health conditions in England. J Health Serv Res Policy 2018; 23:107-115. [PMID: 29475369 PMCID: PMC5901047 DOI: 10.1177/1355819617752744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To explore the role of integrated commissioning in improving the transition of young people with long-term conditions from child to adult services. We aimed to identify organizational and policy gaps around transition services and provide recommendations for integrated commissioning practice. Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with two groups of participants: (1) twenty-four stakeholders involved in the commissioning and provision of transition services for young people with long-term conditions in two regions in England; (2) five professionals with national roles in relation to planning for transition. Transcripts were interrogated using thematic analysis. Results There is little evidence of integrated commissioning for transitional care for young people with long-term conditions. Commissioners perceive there to be a lack of national and local policy to guide integrated commissioning for transitional care; and limited resources for transition. Furthermore, commissioning organizations responsible for transition have different cultures, funding arrangements and related practices which make inter- and intra-agency co-ordination and cross-boundary continuity of care difficult to achieve. Conclusions Integrated commissioning may be an effective way to achieve successful transitional care for young people with long-term health conditions. However, this innovative relational approach to commissioning requires a national steer together with recognition of common values and joint ownership between relevant stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Maniatopoulos
- Senior Research Associate, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Ann Le Couteur
- Professor of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Luke Vale
- Health Foundation Chair in Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Allan Colver
- Emeritus Professor Community Child Health, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK
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Dressler PB, Nguyen TK, Moody EJ, Friedman SL, Pickler L. Use of Transition Resources by Primary Care Providers for Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Intellect Dev Disabil 2018; 56:56-68. [PMID: 29389256 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-56.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience difficulties with successful transition from pediatric to adult healthcare. A consultative Transition Clinic for youth with IDD was piloted as a quality improvement project, and assessed the engagement of primary care providers (PCPs) for transition planning after patients were seen in clinic. Although many PCPs found the clinic and resources useful, individual and systemic barriers often prohibited them from participating in transition planning for this patient population. These findings highlight systemic barriers that need to be addressed to ensure successful transition, as well as the need for a specialized Transition Clinic with involvement of specialists with expertise in IDD, such as Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, to assist throughout transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Dressler
- Paul B. Dressler, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Teresa K. Nguyen, University of Colorado School of Public Health; Eric J. Moody, Sandra L. Friedman, and Laura Pickler, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Teresa K Nguyen
- Paul B. Dressler, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Teresa K. Nguyen, University of Colorado School of Public Health; Eric J. Moody, Sandra L. Friedman, and Laura Pickler, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Eric J Moody
- Paul B. Dressler, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Teresa K. Nguyen, University of Colorado School of Public Health; Eric J. Moody, Sandra L. Friedman, and Laura Pickler, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Sandra L Friedman
- Paul B. Dressler, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Teresa K. Nguyen, University of Colorado School of Public Health; Eric J. Moody, Sandra L. Friedman, and Laura Pickler, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Laura Pickler
- Paul B. Dressler, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Teresa K. Nguyen, University of Colorado School of Public Health; Eric J. Moody, Sandra L. Friedman, and Laura Pickler, University of Colorado School of Medicine
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Hickam T, White PH, Modrcin A, McManus M, Cox K. Implementing a Nationally Recognized Pediatric-to-Adult Transitional Care Approach in a Major Children's Hospital. Health Soc Work 2018; 43:3-6. [PMID: 29253121 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Hickam
- Teresa Hickam, ACSW, LCSW, LSCSW, CCM, is transition program manager, Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108; e-mail: . Patience H. White, MD, MA, is professor of medicine and pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and codirector of Got Transition, Washington, DC. Ann Modrcin, MD, EMBA, is professor of pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, and director of the Rehabilitation Medicine and Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO. Margaret McManus, MHS, is president, National Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health, and codirector, Got Transition, Washington, DC. Karen Cox, RN, PhD, is executive vice president and chief operating officer, and V. Fred Burry, MD, and Sandra Hobart Burry Chair in Nursing Advocacy and Leadership, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO
| | - Patience H White
- Teresa Hickam, ACSW, LCSW, LSCSW, CCM, is transition program manager, Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108; e-mail: . Patience H. White, MD, MA, is professor of medicine and pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and codirector of Got Transition, Washington, DC. Ann Modrcin, MD, EMBA, is professor of pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, and director of the Rehabilitation Medicine and Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO. Margaret McManus, MHS, is president, National Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health, and codirector, Got Transition, Washington, DC. Karen Cox, RN, PhD, is executive vice president and chief operating officer, and V. Fred Burry, MD, and Sandra Hobart Burry Chair in Nursing Advocacy and Leadership, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO
| | - Ann Modrcin
- Teresa Hickam, ACSW, LCSW, LSCSW, CCM, is transition program manager, Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108; e-mail: . Patience H. White, MD, MA, is professor of medicine and pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and codirector of Got Transition, Washington, DC. Ann Modrcin, MD, EMBA, is professor of pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, and director of the Rehabilitation Medicine and Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO. Margaret McManus, MHS, is president, National Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health, and codirector, Got Transition, Washington, DC. Karen Cox, RN, PhD, is executive vice president and chief operating officer, and V. Fred Burry, MD, and Sandra Hobart Burry Chair in Nursing Advocacy and Leadership, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO
| | - Margaret McManus
- Teresa Hickam, ACSW, LCSW, LSCSW, CCM, is transition program manager, Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108; e-mail: . Patience H. White, MD, MA, is professor of medicine and pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and codirector of Got Transition, Washington, DC. Ann Modrcin, MD, EMBA, is professor of pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, and director of the Rehabilitation Medicine and Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO. Margaret McManus, MHS, is president, National Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health, and codirector, Got Transition, Washington, DC. Karen Cox, RN, PhD, is executive vice president and chief operating officer, and V. Fred Burry, MD, and Sandra Hobart Burry Chair in Nursing Advocacy and Leadership, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO
| | - Karen Cox
- Teresa Hickam, ACSW, LCSW, LSCSW, CCM, is transition program manager, Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108; e-mail: . Patience H. White, MD, MA, is professor of medicine and pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and codirector of Got Transition, Washington, DC. Ann Modrcin, MD, EMBA, is professor of pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, and director of the Rehabilitation Medicine and Transition to Adulthood Program, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO. Margaret McManus, MHS, is president, National Alliance to Advance Adolescent Health, and codirector, Got Transition, Washington, DC. Karen Cox, RN, PhD, is executive vice president and chief operating officer, and V. Fred Burry, MD, and Sandra Hobart Burry Chair in Nursing Advocacy and Leadership, Children's Mercy Kansas City, MO
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Coller RJ, Ahrens S, Ehlenbach ML, Shadman KA, Chung PJ, Lotstein D, LaRocque A, Sheehy A. Transitioning from General Pediatric to Adult-Oriented Inpatient Care: National Survey of US Children's Hospitals. J Hosp Med 2018; 13:13-20. [PMID: 29309437 PMCID: PMC6492557 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital charges and lengths of stay may be greater when adults with chronic conditions are admitted to children's hospitals. Despite multiple efforts to improve pediatric-adult healthcare transitions, little guidance exists for transitioning inpatient care. OBJECTIVE This study sought to characterize pediatricadult inpatient care transitions across general pediatric services at US children's hospitals. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS National survey of inpatient general pediatric service leaders at US children's hospitals from January 2016 to July 2016. MEASUREMENTS Questionnaires assessed institutional characteristics, presence of inpatient transition initiatives (having specific process and/or leader), and 22 inpatient transition activities. Scales of highly correlated activities were created using exploratory factor analysis. Logistic regression identified associations between institutional characteristics, transition activities, and presence of an inpatient transition initiative. RESULTS Ninety-six of 195 children's hospitals responded (49.2% response rate). Transition initiatives were present at 38% of children's hospitals, more often when there were dual-trained internal medicine-pediatrics providers or outpatient transition processes. Specific activities were infrequent and varied widely from 2.1% (systems to track youth in transition) to 40.5% (addressing potential insurance problems). Institutions with initiatives more often consistently performed the majority of activities, including using checklists and creating patient-centered transition care plans. Of remaining activities, half involved transition planning, the essential step between readiness and transfer. CONCLUSIONS Relatively few inpatient general pediatric services at US children's hospitals have leaders or dedicated processes to shepherd transitions to adultoriented inpatient care. Across institutions, there is a wide variability in performance of activities to facilitate this transition. Feasible process and outcome measures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Coller
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Sarah Ahrens
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary L Ehlenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristin A Shadman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul J Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- RAND Health, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica California, USA
- Department of Health Policy & Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Debra Lotstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew LaRocque
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ann Sheehy
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Abstract
Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) require special consideration during transition from childhood to adult care. During the transition years, treatment for short stature will be completed and sexual development induced in parallel with the peer group. The timing of sexual development may have later repercussions with respect to psychosocial development and partnership status. Late presentation of TS, which is so common, can result in additional difficulties with the transition process.
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Garvey K, Laffel L. Transitions in Care from Pediatric to Adult Health Care Providers: Ongoing Challenges and Opportunities for Young Persons with Diabetes. Endocr Dev 2018; 33:68-81. [PMID: 29886494 DOI: 10.1159/000487866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood are times of multiple developmental changes, including physiological, social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral transformations. The adolescent or young adult living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes must navigate the vicissitudes of these developmental stages while managing the rigors and self-care demands of these conditions. Diabetes in children is managed by adults, mainly by parents. As the child matures, diabetes management tasks transition from parents to the developing teen. This transition in care is a process that generally begins in early adolescence and culminates when the older teen successfully accepts and manages diabetes self-care tasks. Along with the transitions in diabetes management tasks, older teens and young adults must be prepared for transfer from the pediatric diabetes care team to an adult-focused health care team. Numerous publications have described the challenges associated with both the process of transition and the act of transfer. Lack of preparation during transition followed by unsuccessful transfer often results in gaps in diabetes care exceeding 6 months, deterioration in glycemic control, increase in emergency room use and hospitalization, and emergence of diabetes complications among older teens and young adults. There is need for ongoing research internationally to address these deficiencies in order to improve the short- and long-term health of young persons with diabetes.
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Loche S, Di Iorgi N, Patti G, Noli S, Giaccardi M, Olivieri I, Ibba A, Maghnie M. Growth Hormone Deficiency in the Transition Age. Endocr Dev 2018; 33:46-56. [PMID: 29886481 DOI: 10.1159/000487525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is essential not only for normal growth during childhood, but also for the acquisition of bone mass and muscle strength in both sexes. This process is completed after the achievement of adult height in the phase of transition from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescents with childhood onset GH deficiency (GHD) show reduction of bone mineral density, decrease in lean body mass, increase in fat mass, and deterioration of the lipid profile. For this reason, continuation of GH replacement therapy in the transition age is recommended in all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of GHD. To confirm the diagnosis of GHD, GH treatment should be discontinued for at least 1 month after the attainment of adult height, and the patient should be re-evaluated for GH secretion. Current guidelines indicate that retesting is not required for those with a transcription factor mutation, more than 3 pituitary hormone deficits, or isolated GHD associated with an identified mutation. The key predictors of persistent GHD are its severity, the presence of additional pituitary hormone deficits, low insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentration, and the presence of structural hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities Treatment should be initiated with a low dose (0.2-0.5 mg/day s.c.) and then adjusted according to IGF-I concentrations.
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Rives N, Rives A, Rondanino C, Castanet M, Cuny A, Sibert L. Fertility Preservation in Klinefelter Syndrome Patients during the Transition Period. Endocr Dev 2018; 33:149-157. [PMID: 29886483 DOI: 10.1159/000487531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoa have occasionally been identified in ejaculate of adult Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients but very exceptionally in KS adolescents. Spermatozoa can also be retrieved in testicular tissue of KS adolescents. The testis may also harbor spermatogonia and noncompletely differentiated germ cells. Neither clinical features nor hormonal parameters could predict germ cell recovery in KS adults or adolescents. No predictive factors can actually demonstrate that early diagnosis of KS would allow increasing the chance of sperm retrieval even if it has been suggested that semen quality may decline with age in KS patients. Leydig cell dysfunction may also be another factor that might affect the spermatogenesis process in XXY adolescents. Fertility preservation might be preferentially proposed in KS adolescents when semen sampling is possible, when the patient is able to consider alternative options to become a father, and to accept germ cell retrieval failure. However, precocious diagnosis of KS has also to be considered because it might not solely improve the possibility of fertility preservation after the onset of puberty, but also the medical care and the quality of life of these patients.
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46
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Tønnes Pedersen A, Cleemann L, Main KM, Juul A. Transition in Pediatric and Adolescent Hypogonadal Girls: Gynecological Aspects, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, and Contraception. Endocr Dev 2018; 33:113-127. [PMID: 29895017 DOI: 10.1159/000487529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypogonadism may be suspected if puberty is delayed. Pubertal delay may be caused by a normal physiological variant, by primary ovarian insufficiency (Turner syndrome), or reflect congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH; genetic) or acquired HH (brain lesions). Any underlying chronic disease like inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, malnutrition (anorexia or orthorexia), or excessive physical activity may also result in functional HH. Thus, girls with delayed puberty should be evaluated for an underlying pathology before any treatment, including oral contraception, is initiated. Estrogen replacement is important and natural 17β-estradiol, preferably transdermally, is the preferred choice, whereas the oral route can be used as an alternative depending on patient preference and compliance. Sexual activity is often delayed in the hypogonadal adolescent girl. In the adolescent hypogonadal girl, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) most likely has been initiated at the time she becomes sexually active. If a risk of unwanted pregnancy cannot be ruled out, there is a need to consider contraception. This consideration does not contradict the principles of HRT but can be included as a part of the substitution, e.g. oral contraceptives containing 17β-estradiol or a progestogen intrauterine device combined with continuous 17β-estradiol (transdermal or oral).
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Abstract
Transition has been defined as "the purposeful, planned movement of adolescents and young adults with chronic physical and medical conditions from child-centered to adult-oriented health care systems." We will here describe the challenges of such a process: challenges coming from the pediatrician, from the adolescent, linked to the disease itself, and those from the parents. We will outline how to overcome those fears and challenges to provide a successful transition process. A key factor to underline that process is that a relationship based on confidence should be established between the pediatrician and the physician for adults, in order for that relationship, based on trust, to be the basis for the transfer of the adolescent from the pediatric system of care to the adult one.
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48
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Abstract
Considering the patient's transition from child to adolescent to adult and its psychological aspects in endocrinology and diabetology, it is necessary to recall the child's psycho-affective development when he enters adolescence. Indeed, adolescence appears paradigmatic of the "child-adult" transition; it is a specific and decisive psychic process which allows the child to become an adult, that is to say autonomous and subject to his desire. In our paper, we study the resonance of a chronic disease in young people; type 1 diabetes is chosen.
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Abstract
Passage from childhood to adult life involves biological changes culminating in full reproductive capacity as well as psychosocial development. For patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), this can be an emotionally challenging time as their pubertal failure results in striking physical differences from their peers. CHH is difficult to differentiate from common disorders of puberty such as constitutional delay of growth and puberty. As such, delays in diagnosis are frequent, and it is a common source of stress and frustration for these adolescents. While effective treatments are available for inducing puberty and attaining fertility is possible in most cases, patients may find it difficult to cope with living with CHH. A critical issue for adolescents with CHH is the risk for being lost to follow-up during the transition from pediatric-centered care to adult care. This article will review the state of the art in diagnosis and treatment of patients with CHH with a particular focus on supporting an effective transition from pediatric-centered care to adult-oriented endocrine services. A synthesis of best practices is offered to help guide clinicians in supporting patients and families during this challenging period of care.
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50
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Abstract
Deficiency of the 21-hydroxylase enzyme is the most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), accounting for more than 95% of the cases. With the advent of newborn screening and hormone replacement therapy, most children with CAH survive into adulthood. Adolescents and adults with CAH experience a number of complications, including short stature, obesity, infertility, impaired bone mineral density, and reduced quality of life. Transition from pediatric to adult care and management of long-term complications are challenging for both patients and practitioners. In adulthood, the aims of the medical treatment are to substitute cortisol and, when necessary, aldosterone deficiency, to ensure normal fertility, and to avoid the long-term consequences of glucocorticoid use on bone, metabolism, and cardiovascular risk. Recent data suggest that poor health status is likely to begin in adolescence and persist into adulthood, highlighting the importance of this time period in a patient's endocrine care. During transition from pediatric to adult specific care, a shift in treatment goals is thus needed. Successful transition from pediatric to adult health care requires a regular follow-up of patients by a multidisciplinary team including pediatric endocrinologists, urologists, gynecologists, psychiatrists, and adult endocrinologists. All of this could be included in a specific therapeutic education program regarding transition and/or CAH.
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