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Wittenberg G, Järvi S, Hojka M, Tóth SZ, Meyer EH, Aro EM, Schöttler MA, Bock R. Identification and characterization of a stable intermediate in photosystem I assembly in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:478-490. [PMID: 28161893 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is the most efficient bioenergetic nanomachine in nature and one of the largest membrane protein complexes known. It is composed of 18 protein subunits that bind more than 200 co-factors and prosthetic groups. While the structure and function of PSI have been studied in great detail, very little is known about the PSI assembly process. In this work, we have characterized a PSI assembly intermediate in tobacco plants, which we named PSI*. We found PSI* to contain only a specific subset of the core subunits of PSI. PSI* is particularly abundant in young leaves where active thylakoid biogenesis takes place. Moreover, PSI* was found to overaccumulate in PsaF-deficient mutant plants, and we show that re-initiation of PsaF synthesis promotes the maturation of PSI* into PSI. The attachment of antenna proteins to PSI also requires the transition from PSI* to mature PSI. Our data could provide a biochemical entry point into the challenging investigation of PSI biogenesis and allow us to improve the model for the assembly pathway of PSI in thylakoid membranes of vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Wittenberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sari Järvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marta Hojka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Etienne H Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark A Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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52
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Nozue H, Oono K, Ichikawa Y, Tanimura S, Shirai K, Sonoike K, Nozue M, Hayashida N. Significance of structural variation in thylakoid membranes in maintaining functional photosystems during reproductive growth. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:111-123. [PMID: 27859364 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural variation in the stroma-grana (SG) arrangement of the thylakoid membranes, such as changes in the thickness of the grana stacks and in the ratio between grana and inter-grana thylakoid, is often observed. Broadly, such alterations are considered acclimation to changes in growth and the environment. However, the relation of thylakoid morphology to plant growth and photosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we report changes in the thylakoid during leaf development under a fixed light condition. Histological studies on the chloroplasts of fresh green Arabidopsis leaves have shown that characteristically shaped thylakoid membranes lacking the inter-grana region, referred to hereafter as isolated-grana (IG), occurred adjacent to highly ordered, large grana layers. This morphology was restored to conventional SG thylakoid membranes with the removal of bolting stems from reproductive plants. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between the incidences of IG-type chloroplasts in mesophyll cells and the rates of leaf growth. Fluorescence parameters calculated from pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry measurements and CO2 assimilation data showed that the IG thylakoids had a photosynthetic ability that was equivalent to that of the SG thylakoids under moderate light. However, clear differences were observed in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. The IG thylakoids were apparently an acclimated phenotype to the internal condition of source leaves. The idea is supported by the fact that the life span of the IG thylakoids increased significantly in the later developing leaves. In conclusion, the heterogeneous state of thylakoid membranes is likely important in maintaining photosynthesis during the reproductive phase of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsumi Nozue
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kaori Oono
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | | | - Shun Tanimura
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kana Shirai
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nozue
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Hayashida
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
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53
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Bos I, Bland KM, Tian L, Croce R, Frankel LK, van Amerongen H, Bricker TM, Wientjes E. Multiple LHCII antennae can transfer energy efficiently to a single Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:371-378. [PMID: 28237494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) work in series to drive oxygenic photosynthesis. The two photosystems have different absorption spectra, therefore changes in light quality can lead to imbalanced excitation of the photosystems and a loss in photosynthetic efficiency. In a short-term adaptation response termed state transitions, excitation energy is directed to the light-limited photosystem. In higher plants a special pool of LHCII antennae, which can be associated with either PSI or PSII, participates in these state transitions. It is known that one LHCII antenna can associate with the PsaH site of PSI. However, membrane fractions were recently isolated in which multiple LHCII antennae appear to transfer energy to PSI. We have used time-resolved fluorescence-streak camera measurements to investigate the energy transfer rates and efficiency in these membrane fractions. Our data show that energy transfer from LHCII to PSI is relatively slow. Nevertheless, the trapping efficiency in supercomplexes of PSI with ~2.4 LHCIIs attached is 94%. The absorption cross section of PSI can thus be increased with ~65% without having significant loss in quantum efficiency. Comparison of the fluorescence dynamics of PSI-LHCII complexes, isolated in a detergent or located in their native membrane environment, indicates that the environment influences the excitation energy transfer rates in these complexes. This demonstrates the importance of studying membrane protein complexes in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Bos
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaitlyn M Bland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Lijin Tian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurie K Frankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands; MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry M Bricker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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54
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Schöttler MA, Thiele W, Belkius K, Bergner SV, Flügel C, Wittenberg G, Agrawal S, Stegemann S, Ruf S, Bock R. The plastid-encoded PsaI subunit stabilizes photosystem I during leaf senescence in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1137-1155. [PMID: 28180288 PMCID: PMC5429015 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PsaI is the only subunit of PSI whose precise physiological function has not yet been elucidated in higher plants. While PsaI is involved in PSI trimerization in cyanobacteria, trimerization was lost during the evolution of the eukaryotic PSI, and the entire PsaI side of PSI underwent major structural remodelling to allow for binding of light harvesting complex II antenna proteins during state transitions. Here, we have generated a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) knockout mutant of the plastid-encoded psaI gene. We show that PsaI is not required for the redox reactions of PSI. Neither plastocyanin oxidation nor the processes at the PSI acceptor side are impaired in the mutant, and both linear and cyclic electron flux rates are unaltered. The PSI antenna cross section is unaffected, state transitions function normally, and binding of other PSI subunits to the reaction centre is not compromised. Under a wide range of growth conditions, the mutants are phenotypically and physiologically indistinguishable from wild-type tobacco. However, in response to high-light and chilling stress, and especially during leaf senescence, PSI content is reduced in the mutants, indicating that the I-subunit plays a role in stabilizing PSI complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolfram Thiele
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Karolina Belkius
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Claudia Flügel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gal Wittenberg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shreya Agrawal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra Stegemann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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55
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Zhen S, van Iersel MW. Far-red light is needed for efficient photochemistry and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 209:115-122. [PMID: 28039776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of monochromatic light to drive photosynthesis drops rapidly at wavelengths longer than 685nm. The photosynthetic efficiency of these longer wavelengths can be improved by adding shorter wavelength light, a phenomenon known as the Emerson enhancement effect. The reverse effect, the enhancement of photosynthesis under shorter wavelength light by longer wavelengths, however, has not been well studied and is often thought to be insignificant. We quantified the effect of adding far-red light (peak at 735nm) to red/blue or warm-white light on the photosynthetic efficiency of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Adding far-red light immediately increased quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) of lettuce by an average of 6.5 and 3.6% under red/blue and warm-white light, respectively. Similar or greater increases in ΦPSII were observed after 20min of exposure to far-red light. This longer-term effect of far-red light on ΦPSII was accompanied by a reduction in non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ), indicating that far-red light reduced the dissipation of absorbed light as heat. The increase in ΦPSII and complementary decrease in NPQ is presumably due to preferential excitation of photosystem I (PSI) by far-red light, which leads to faster re-oxidization of the plastoquinone pool. This facilitates reopening of PSII reaction centers, enabling them to use absorbed photons more efficiently. The increase in ΦPSII by far-red light was associated with an increase in net photosynthesis (Pn). The stimulatory effect of far-red light increased asymptotically with increasing amounts of far-red. Overall, our results show that far-red light can increase the photosynthetic efficiency of shorter wavelength light that over-excites PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhen
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Science Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Marc W van Iersel
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Science Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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56
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Manivannan A, Ahn YK. Silicon Regulates Potential Genes Involved in Major Physiological Processes in Plants to Combat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1346. [PMID: 28824681 PMCID: PMC5541085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the quasi-essential element occurs as the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. Biological importance of Si in plant kingdom has become inevitable particularly under stressed environment. In general, plants are classified as high, medium, and low silicon accumulators based on the ability of roots to absorb Si. The uptake of Si directly influence the positive effects attributed to the plant but Si supplementation proves to mitigate stress and recover plant growth even in low accumulating plants like tomato. The application of Si in soil as well as soil-less cultivation systems have resulted in the enhancement of quantitative and qualitative traits of plants even under stressed environment. Silicon possesses several mechanisms to regulate the physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant metabolism in plants to combat abiotic and biotic stresses. Nevertheless, very few reports are available on the aspect of Si-mediated molecular regulation of genes with potential role in stress tolerance. The recent advancements in the era of genomics and transcriptomics have opened an avenue for the determination of molecular rationale associated with the Si amendment to the stress alleviation in plants. Therefore, the present endeavor has attempted to describe the recent discoveries related to the regulation of vital genes involved in photosynthesis, transcription regulation, defense, water transport, polyamine synthesis, and housekeeping genes during abiotic and biotic stress alleviation by Si. Furthermore, an overview of Si-mediated modulation of multiple genes involved in stress response pathways such as phenylpropanoid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, ABA-dependent or independent regulatory pathway have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Manivannan
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Yul-Kuyn Ahn
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and FisheriesJeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yul-Kuyn Ahn
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57
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Alboresi A, Le Quiniou C, Yadav SKN, Scholz M, Meneghesso A, Gerotto C, Simionato D, Hippler M, Boekema EJ, Croce R, Morosinotto T. Conservation of core complex subunits shaped the structure and function of photosystem I in the secondary endosymbiont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:714-726. [PMID: 27620972 PMCID: PMC5216901 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a pigment protein complex catalyzing the light-driven electron transport from plastocyanin to ferredoxin in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Several PSI subunits are highly conserved in cyanobacteria, algae and plants, whereas others are distributed differentially in the various organisms. Here we characterized the structural and functional properties of PSI purified from the heterokont alga Nannochloropsis gaditana, showing that it is organized as a supercomplex including a core complex and an outer antenna, as in plants and other eukaryotic algae. Differently from all known organisms, the N. gaditana PSI supercomplex contains five peripheral antenna proteins, identified by proteome analysis as type-R light-harvesting complexes (LHCr4-8). Two antenna subunits are bound in a conserved position, as in PSI in plants, whereas three additional antennae are associated with the core on the other side. This peculiar antenna association correlates with the presence of PsaF/J and the absence of PsaH, G and K in the N. gaditana genome and proteome. Excitation energy transfer in the supercomplex is highly efficient, leading to a very high trapping efficiency as observed in all other PSI eukaryotes, showing that although the supramolecular organization of PSI changed during evolution, fundamental functional properties such as trapping efficiency were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alboresi
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Clotilde Le Quiniou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and BiophotonicsFaculty of SciencesVU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10811081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sathish K. N. Yadav
- Electron Microscopy GroupGroningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünster48143Germany
| | - Andrea Meneghesso
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Caterina Gerotto
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Diana Simionato
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünster48143Germany
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Electron Microscopy GroupGroningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and BiophotonicsFaculty of SciencesVU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10811081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di PadovaVia U. Bassi 58/B35121PadovaItaly
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58
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Cryo-EM structure of a tetrameric cyanobacterial photosystem I complex reveals novel subunit interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1619-1626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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59
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Nawrocki WJ, Santabarbara S, Mosebach L, Wollman FA, Rappaport F. State transitions redistribute rather than dissipate energy between the two photosystems in Chlamydomonas. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16031. [PMID: 27249564 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis converts sunlight into biologically useful compounds, thus fuelling practically the entire biosphere. This process involves two photosystems acting in series powered by light harvesting complexes (LHCs) that dramatically increase the energy flux to the reaction centres. These complexes are the main targets of the regulatory processes that allow photosynthetic organisms to thrive across a broad range of light intensities. In microalgae, one mechanism for adjusting the flow of energy to the photosystems, state transitions, has a much larger amplitude than in terrestrial plants, whereas thermal dissipation of energy, the dominant regulatory mechanism in plants, only takes place after acclimation to high light. Here we show that, at variance with recent reports, microalgal state transitions do not dissipate light energy but redistribute it between the two photosystems, thereby allowing a well-balanced influx of excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P. et M. Curie 75005, Paris, France
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60
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Tiwari A, Mamedov F, Grieco M, Suorsa M, Jajoo A, Styring S, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Photodamage of iron-sulphur clusters in photosystem I induces non-photochemical energy dissipation. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16035. [PMID: 27249566 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) uses light energy and electrons supplied by photosystem II (PSII) to reduce NADP(+) to NADPH. PSI is very tolerant of excess light but extremely sensitive to excess electrons from PSII. It has been assumed that PSI is protected from photoinhibition by strict control of the intersystem electron transfer chain (ETC). Here we demonstrate that the iron-sulphur (FeS) clusters of PSI are more sensitive to high light stress than previously anticipated, but PSI with damaged FeS clusters still functions as a non-photochemical photoprotective energy quencher (PSI-NPQ). Upon photoinhibition of PSI, the highly reduced ETC further triggers thylakoid phosphorylation-based mechanisms that increase energy flow towards PSI. It is concluded that the sensitivity of FeS clusters provides an additional photoprotective mechanism that is able to downregulate PSII, based on PSI quenching and protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Stenbjörn Styring
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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61
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Rantala M, Lehtimäki N, Aro EM, Suorsa M. Downregulation of TAP38/PPH1 enables LHCII hyperphosphorylation in Arabidopsis mutant lacking LHCII docking site in PSI. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:787-94. [PMID: 26926011 PMCID: PMC5021135 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Redox‐regulated reversible phosphorylation of the light‐harvesting complex II (LHCII) controls the excitation energy distribution between photosystem (PS) II and PSI. The PsaL and PsaH subunits of PSI enable the association of pLHCII to PSI. Here, we show that the failure of the psal mutant to dock pLHCII to PSI induces excessive phosphorylation of LHCII, primarily due to a marked downregulation of the TAP38/PPH1 phosphatase occurring at post‐transcriptional level. TAP38/PPH1 is shown to be associated with megacomplex that contains both photosystems in a light‐ and LHCII‐PSII core‐phosphorylation‐dependent manner. It is suggested that proper megacomplex‐related association of TAP38/PPH1 protects it against degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Lehtimäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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62
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Fréchette E, Chang CYY, Ensminger I. Photoperiod and temperature constraints on the relationship between the photochemical reflectance index and the light use efficiency of photosynthesis in Pinus strobus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:311-24. [PMID: 26846980 PMCID: PMC4885948 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is a proxy for the activity of the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle and photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE) in plants. Evergreen conifers downregulate photosynthesis in autumn in response to low temperature and shorter photoperiod, and the dynamic xanthophyll cycle-mediated non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is replaced by sustained NPQ. We hypothesized that this shift in xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy partitioning during the autumn is the cause for variations in the PRI-LUE relationship. In order to test our hypothesis, we characterized energy partitioning and pigment composition during a simulated summer-autumn transition in a conifer and assessed the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the PRI-LUE relationship. We measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf reflectance during the photosynthetic downregulation in Pinus strobus L. seedlings exposed to low temperature/short photoperiod or elevated temperature/short photoperiod conditions. Shifts in energy partitioning during simulated autumn were observed when the pools of chlorophylls decreased and pools of photoprotective carotenoids increased. On a seasonal timescale, PRI was controlled by carotenoid pool sizes rather than xanthophyll cycle dynamics. Photochemical reflectance index variation under cold autumn conditions mainly reflected long-term pigment pool adjustments associated with sustained NPQ, which impaired the PRI-LUE relationship. Exposure to warm autumn conditions prevented the induction of sustained NPQ but still impaired the PRI-LUE relationship. We therefore conclude that alternative zeaxanthin-independent NPQ mechanisms, which remain undetected by the PRI, are present under both cold and warm autumn conditions, contributing to the discrepancy in the PRI-LUE relationship during autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Fréchette
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5L 1C6 Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Christine Yao-Yun Chang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5L 1C6 Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada L5L 1C6 Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A1 Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3B2
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Zou Q, Liu K, Abbas M, Yan X. Peptide-Modulated Self-Assembly of Chromophores toward Biomimetic Light-Harvesting Nanoarchitectonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1031-43. [PMID: 26273821 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elegant self-assembling complexes by the combination of proteins/peptides with functional chromophores are decisively responsible for highly efficient light-harvesting and energy transfer in natural photosynthetic systems. Mimicking natural light-harvesting complexes through synthetic peptides is attractive due to their advantanges of programmable primary structure, tunable self-assembly architecture and easy availability in comparison to naturally occuring proteins. Here, an overview of recent progresses in the area of biomimetic light-harvesting nanoarchitectonics based on peptide-modulated self-assembly of chromophores is provided. Adjusting the organization of chromophores, either by creating peptide-chromophore conjugates or by the non-covalent assembly of peptides and chromophores are highlighted. The light-harvesting properties, especially the energy transfer of the biomimetic complexes are critically discussed. The applications of such complexes in the mineralization of inorganic nanoparticles, generation of molecular hydrogen and oxygen, and photosynthesis of bioactive molecules are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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Herdean A, Nziengui H, Zsiros O, Solymosi K, Garab G, Lundin B, Spetea C. The Arabidopsis Thylakoid Chloride Channel AtCLCe Functions in Chloride Homeostasis and Regulation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:115. [PMID: 26904077 PMCID: PMC4746265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloride ions can be translocated across cell membranes through Cl(-) channels or Cl(-)/H(+) exchangers. The thylakoid-located member of the Cl(-) channel CLC family in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCLCe) was hypothesized to play a role in photosynthetic regulation based on the initial photosynthetic characterization of clce mutant lines. The reduced nitrate content of Arabidopsis clce mutants suggested a role in regulation of plant nitrate homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the role of AtCLCe in the regulation of ion homeostasis and photosynthetic processes in the thylakoid membrane. We report that the size and composition of proton motive force were mildly altered in two independent Arabidopsis clce mutant lines. Most pronounced effects in the clce mutants were observed on the photosynthetic electron transport of dark-adapted plants, based on the altered shape and associated parameters of the polyphasic OJIP kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction. Other alterations were found in the kinetics of state transition and in the macro-organization of photosystem II supercomplexes, as indicated by circular dichroism measurements. Pre-treatment with KCl but not with KNO3 restored the wild-type photosynthetic phenotype. Analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed a bow-like arrangement of the thylakoid network and a large thylakoid-free stromal region in chloroplast sections from the dark-adapted clce plants. Based on these data, we propose that AtCLCe functions in Cl(-) homeostasis after transition from light to dark, which affects chloroplast ultrastructure and regulation of photosynthetic electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Herdean
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hugues Nziengui
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of SciencesSzeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Győző Garab
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of SciencesSzeged, Hungary
| | - Björn Lundin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Cornelia Spetea
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Fréchette E, Wong CYS, Junker LV, Chang CYY, Ensminger I. Zeaxanthin-independent energy quenching and alternative electron sinks cause a decoupling of the relationship between the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and photosynthesis in an evergreen conifer during spring. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7309-23. [PMID: 26386258 PMCID: PMC4765796 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In evergreen conifers, the winter down-regulation of photosynthesis and its recovery during spring are the result of a reorganization of the chloroplast and adjustments of energy-quenching mechanisms. These phenological changes may remain undetected by remote sensing, as conifers retain green foliage during periods of photosynthetic down-regulation. The aim was to assess if the timing of the spring recovery of photosynthesis and energy-quenching characteristics are accurately monitored by the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) in the evergreen conifer Pinus strobus. The recovery of photosynthesis was studied using chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange, leaf spectral reflectance, and photosynthetic pigment measurements. To assess if climate change might affect the recovery of photosynthesis, seedlings were exposed to cold spring conditions or warm spring conditions with elevated temperature. An early spring decoupling of the relationship between photosynthesis and PRI in both treatments was observed. This was caused by differences between the timing of the recovery of photosynthesis and the timing of carotenoid and chlorophyll pool size adjustments which are the main factors controlling PRI during spring. It was also demonstrated that zeaxanthin-independent NPQ mechanisms undetected by PRI further contributed to the early spring decoupling of the PRI-LUE relationship. An important mechanism undetected by PRI seems to involve increased electron transport around photosystem I, which was a significant energy sink during the entire spring transition, particularly in needles exposed to a combination of high light and cold temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Fréchette
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Y S Wong
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Verena Junker
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Yao-Yun Chang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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66
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Ivanov AG, Morgan-Kiss RM, Krol M, Allakhverdiev SI, Zanev Y, Sane PV, Huner NPA. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in a pea mutant with altered LHCII organization. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 152:335-46. [PMID: 26321219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed that photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of leaves of the Costata 2/133 pea mutant with altered pigment composition and decreased level of oligomerization of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes (LHCII) of PSII (Dobrikova et al., 2000; Ivanov et al., 2005) did not differ from that of WT. In contrast, photosystem I (PSI) activity of the Costata 2/133 mutant measured by the far-red (FR) light inducible P700 (P700(+)) signal exhibited 39% lower steady state level of P700(+), a 2.2-fold higher intersystem electron pool size (e(-)/P700) and higher rate of P700(+) re-reduction, which indicate an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transfer (CET) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than WT. The mutant also exhibited a limited capacity for state transitions. The lower level of oxidizable P700 (P700(+)) is consistent with a lower amount of PSI related chlorophyll protein complexes and lower abundance of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer, PsaD and Lhca1 polypeptides in Costata 2/133 mutant. Exposure of WT and the Costata 2/133 mutant to high light stress resulted in a comparable photoinhibition of PSII measured in vivo, although the decrease of Fv/Fm was modestly higher in the mutant plants. However, under the same photoinhibitory conditions PSI photochemistry (P700(+)) measured as ΔA820-860 was inhibited to a greater extent (50%) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than in the WT (22%). This was accompanied by a 50% faster re-reduction rate of P700(+) in the dark indicating a higher capacity for CET around PSI in high light treated mutant leaves. The role of chloroplast thylakoid organization on the stability of the PSI complex and its susceptibility to high light stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - R M Morgan-Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E. High Street, Oxford, OH 45045, USA
| | - M Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zanev
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P V Sane
- Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - N P A Huner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Nama S, Madireddi SK, Devadasu ER, Subramanyam R. High light induced changes in organization, protein profile and function of photosynthetic machinery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:367-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Suorsa M, Rantala M, Mamedov F, Lespinasse M, Trotta A, Grieco M, Vuorio E, Tikkanen M, Järvi S, Aro EM. Light acclimation involves dynamic re-organization of the pigment-protein megacomplexes in non-appressed thylakoid domains. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:360-73. [PMID: 26332430 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid energy metabolism is crucial for plant growth, development and acclimation. Non-appressed thylakoids harbor several high molecular mass pigment-protein megacomplexes that have flexible compositions depending upon the environmental cues. This composition is important for dynamic energy balancing in photosystems (PS) I and II. We analysed the megacomplexes of Arabidopsis wild type (WT) plants and of several thylakoid regulatory mutants. The stn7 mutant, which is defective in phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex (LHC) II, possessed a megacomplex composition that was strikingly different from that of the WT. Of the nine megacomplexes in total for the non-appressed thylakoids, the largest megacomplex in particular was less abundant in the stn7 mutant under standard growth conditions. This megacomplex contains both PSI and PSII and was recently shown to allow energy spillover between PSII and PSI (Nat. Commun., 6, 2015, 6675). The dynamics of the megacomplex composition was addressed by exposing plants to different light conditions prior to thylakoid isolation. The megacomplex pattern in the WT was highly dynamic. Under darkness or far red light it showed low levels of LHCII phosphorylation and resembled the stn7 pattern; under low light, which triggers LHCII phosphorylation, it resembled that of the tap38/pph1 phosphatase mutant. In contrast, solubilization of the entire thylakoid network with dodecyl maltoside, which efficiently solubilizes pigment-protein complexes from all thylakoid compartments, revealed that the pigment-protein composition remained stable despite the changing light conditions or mutations that affected LHCII (de)phosphorylation. We conclude that the composition of pigment-protein megacomplexes specifically in non-appressed thylakoids undergoes redox-dependent changes, thus facilitating maintenance of the excitation balance between the two photosystems upon changes in light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Rantala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija Lespinasse
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Eerika Vuorio
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Järvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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69
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Crepin A, Caffarri S. The specific localizations of phosphorylated Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 isoforms reveal the role of Lhcb2 in the formation of the PSI-LHCII supercomplex in Arabidopsis during state transitions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1539-48. [PMID: 26392145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
State transitions are an important photosynthetic short-term response that maintains the excitation balance between photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII). In plants, when PSII is preferentially excited, LHCII, the main heterotrimeric light harvesting complex of PSII, is phosphorylated by the STN7 kinase, detaches from PSII and moves to PSI to equilibrate the relative absorption of the two photosystems (State II). When PSI is preferentially excited LHCII is dephosphorylated by the PPH1 (TAP38) phosphatase, and returns to PSII (State I). Phosphorylation of LHCII that remain bound to PSII has also been observed. Although the kinetics of LHCII phosphorylation are well known from a qualitative standpoint, the absolute phosphorylation levels of LHCII (and its isoforms) bound to PSI and PSII have been little studied. In this work we thoroughly investigated the phosphorylation level of the Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 isoforms that compose LHCII in PSI-LHCII and PSII-LHCII supercomplexes purified from WT and state transition mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that, at most, 40% of the monomers that make up PSI-bound LHCII trimers are phosphorylated. Phosphorylation was much lower in PSII-bound LHCII trimers reaching only 15-20%. Dephosphorylation assays using a recombinant PPH1 phosphatase allowed us to investigate the role of the two isoforms during state transitions. Our results strongly suggest that a single phosphorylated Lhcb2 is sufficient for the formation of the PSI-LHCII supercomplex. These results are a step towards a refined model of the state transition phenomenon and a better understanding of the short-term response to changes in light conditions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Crepin
- Aix Marseille Université - AMU, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique - CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, 13009 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université - AMU, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique - CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, 13009 Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Mazor Y, Borovikova A, Nelson N. The structure of plant photosystem I super-complex at 2.8 Å resolution. eLife 2015; 4:e07433. [PMID: 26076232 PMCID: PMC4487076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most life forms on Earth are supported by solar energy harnessed by oxygenic photosynthesis. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis is achieved by large membrane-embedded super-complexes, containing reaction centers and connected antennae. Here, we report the structure of the higher plant PSI-LHCI super-complex determined at 2.8 Å resolution. The structure includes 16 subunits and more than 200 prosthetic groups, which are mostly light harvesting pigments. The complete structures of the four LhcA subunits of LHCI include 52 chlorophyll a and 9 chlorophyll b molecules, as well as 10 carotenoids and 4 lipids. The structure of PSI-LHCI includes detailed protein pigments and pigment-pigment interactions, essential for the mechanism of excitation energy transfer and its modulation in one of nature's most efficient photochemical machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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71
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Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Bassi R. Sharing light between two photosystems: mechanism of state transitions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:71-8. [PMID: 26002067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the thylakoid membrane, the two photosystems act in series to promote linear electron flow, with the concomitant production of ATP and reducing equivalents such as NADPH. Photosystem I, which is preferentially activated in far-red light, also energizes cyclic electron flow which generates only ATP. Thus, changes in light quality and cellular metabolic demand require a rapid regulation of the activity of the two photosystems. At low light intensities, this is mediated by state transitions. They allow the dynamic allocation of light harvesting antennae to the two photosystems, regulated through protein phosphorylation by a kinase and phosphatase pair that respond to the redox state of the electron transfer chain. Phosphorylation of the antennae leads to remodeling of the photosynthetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, 15, strada Le Grazie, 37134 Verona, Italy
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72
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Minagawa J, Tokutsu R. Dynamic regulation of photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:413-428. [PMID: 25702778 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have acquired the ability to acclimatize to ever-changing environments to survive. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted by several membrane protein supercomplexes into electrochemical energy, which is eventually used to assimilate CO2 . The efficiency of photosynthesis is modulated by many environmental factors, including temperature, drought, CO2 concentration, and the quality and quantity of light. Recently, our understanding of such regulators of photosynthesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms has increased considerably. The photosynthetic supercomplexes undergo supramolecular reorganizations within a short time after receiving environmental cues. These reorganizations include state transitions that balance the excitation of the two photosystems: qE quenching, which thermally dissipates excess energy at the level of the light-harvesting antenna, and cyclic electron flow, which supplies the increased ATP demanded by CO2 assimilation and the pH gradient to activate qE quenching. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the environmental regulation of photosynthesis in model organisms, paying particular attention to the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which offer a glimpse into the dynamic behavior of photosynthetic machinery in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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73
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Xu DQ, Chen Y, Chen GY. Light-harvesting regulation from leaf to molecule with the emphasis on rapid changes in antenna size. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:137-158. [PMID: 25773873 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the sunlight-fluctuating environment, plants often encounter both light-deficiency and light-excess cases. Therefore, regulation of light harvesting is absolutely essential for photosynthesis in order to maximize light utilization at low light and avoid photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus at high light. Plants have developed a series of strategies of light-harvesting regulation during evolution. These strategies include rapid responses such as leaf movement and chloroplast movement, state transitions, and reversible dissociation of some light-harvesting complex of the photosystem II (LHCIIs) from PSII core complexes, and slow acclimation strategies such as changes in the protein abundance of light-harvesting antenna and modifications of leaf morphology, structure, and compositions. This review discusses successively these strategies and focuses on the rapid change in antenna size, namely reversible dissociation of some peripheral light-harvesting antennas (LHCIIs) from PSII core complex. It is involved in protective role and species dependence of the dissociation, differences between the dissociation and state transitions, relationship between the dissociation and thylakoid protein phosphorylation, and possible mechanism for thermal dissipation by the dissociated LHCIIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Quan Xu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Nelson CJ, Millar AH. Protein turnover in plant biology. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15176. [PMID: 27246884 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The protein content of plant cells is constantly being updated. This process is driven by the opposing actions of protein degradation, which defines the half-life of each polypeptide, and protein synthesis. Our understanding of the processes that regulate protein synthesis and degradation in plants has advanced significantly over the past decade. Post-transcriptional modifications that influence features of the mRNA populations, such as poly(A) tail length and secondary structure, contribute to the regulation of protein synthesis. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and non-enzymatic processes such as nitrosylation and carbonylation, govern the rate of degradation. Regulators such as the plant TOR kinase, and effectors such as the E3 ligases, allow plants to balance protein synthesis and degradation under developmental and environmental change. Establishing an integrated understanding of the processes that underpin changes in protein abundance under various physiological and developmental scenarios will accelerate our ability to model and rationally engineer plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark J Nelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Caffarri S, Tibiletti T, Jennings RC, Santabarbara S. A comparison between plant photosystem I and photosystem II architecture and functioning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:296-331. [PMID: 24678674 PMCID: PMC4030627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life on earth by converting
light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide. This latter
process has been responsible for reducing the CO2 from its very high levels in the primitive atmosphere to the present low
levels and thus reducing global temperatures to levels conducive to the development of life. Photosystem I and photosystem
II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to
catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds. Both photosystems are
highly organised membrane supercomplexes composed of a core complex, containing the reaction centre where electron
transport is initiated, and of a peripheral antenna system, which is important for light harvesting and photosynthetic activity
regulation. If on the one hand both the chemical reactions catalysed by the two photosystems and their detailed structure
are different, on the other hand they share many similarities. In this review we discuss and compare various aspects of
the organisation, functioning and regulation of plant photosystems by comparing them for similarities and differences as
obtained by structural, biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
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76
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Hochmal AK, Schulze S, Trompelt K, Hippler M. Calcium-dependent regulation of photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:993-1003. [PMID: 25687895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of calcium as a second messenger in plants has been growing intensively over the last decades. Recently, attention has been drawn to the organelles, especially the chloroplast but focused on the stromal Ca2+ transients in response to environmental stresses. Herein we will expand this view and discuss the role of Ca2+ in photosynthesis. Moreover we address of how Ca2+ is delivered to chloroplast stroma and thylakoids. Thereby, new light is shed on the regulation of photosynthetic electron flow and light-dependent metabolism by the interplay of Ca2+, thylakoid acidification and redox status. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Hochmal
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulze
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Kerstin Trompelt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany.
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77
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Hou X, Fu A, Garcia VJ, Buchanan BB, Luan S. PSB27: A thylakoid protein enabling Arabidopsis to adapt to changing light intensity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1613-8. [PMID: 25605904 PMCID: PMC4321295 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In earlier studies we have identified FKBP20-2 and CYP38 as soluble proteins of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen that are required for the formation of photosystem II supercomplexes (PSII SCs). Subsequent work has identified another potential candidate functional in SC formation (PSB27). We have followed up on this possibility and isolated mutants defective in the PSB27 gene. In addition to lack of PSII SCs, mutant plants were severely stunted when cultivated with light of variable intensity. The stunted growth was associated with lower PSII efficiency and defective starch accumulation. In response to high light exposure, the mutant plants also displayed enhanced ROS production, leading to decreased biosynthesis of anthocyanin. Unexpectedly, we detected a second defect in the mutant, namely in CP26, an antenna protein known to be required for the formation of PSII SCs that has been linked to state transitions. Lack of PSII SCs was found to be independent of PSB27, but was due to a mutation in the previously described cp26 gene that we found had no effect on light adaptation. The present results suggest that PSII SCs, despite being required for state transitions, are not associated with acclimation to changing light intensity. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that PSB27 plays an essential role in enabling plants to adapt to fluctuating light intensity through a mechanism distinct from photosystem II supercomplexes and state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Aigen Fu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Veder J Garcia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Bob B Buchanan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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78
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Yang H, Liu J, Wen X, Lu C. Molecular mechanism of photosystem I assembly in oxygenic organisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:838-48. [PMID: 25582571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I, an integral membrane and multi-subunit complex, catalyzes the oxidation of plastocyanin and the reduction of ferredoxin by absorbed light energy. Photosystem I participates in photosynthetic acclimation processes by being involved in cyclic electron transfer and state transitions for sustaining efficient photosynthesis. The photosystem I complex is highly conserved from cyanobacteria to higher plants and contains the light-harvesting complex and the reaction center complex. The assembly of the photosystem I complex is highly complicated and involves the concerted assembly of multiple subunits and hundreds of cofactors. A suite of regulatory factors for the assembly of photosystem I subunits and cofactors have been identified that constitute an integrative network regulating PSI accumulation. This review aims to discuss recent findings in the field relating to how the photosystem I complex is assembled in oxygenic organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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79
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Song A, Li P, Fan F, Li Z, Liang Y. The effect of Silicon on photosynthesis and expression of its relevant genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under high-zinc stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113782. [PMID: 25426937 PMCID: PMC4245220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to elucidate the roles of silicon (Si) in alleviating the effects of 2 mM zinc (high Zn) stress on photosynthesis and its related gene expression levels in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown hydroponically with high-Zn stress. The results showed that photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll concentration and the chlorophyll fluorescence, were decreased in rice exposed to high-Zn treatment. The leaf chloroplast structure was disordered under high-Zn stress, including uneven swelling, disintegrated and missing thylakoid membranes, and decreased starch granule size and number, which, however, were all counteracted by the addition of 1.5 mM Si. Furthermore, the expression levels of Os08g02630 (PsbY), Os05g48630 (PsaH), Os07g37030 (PetC), Os03g57120 (PetH), Os09g26810 and Os04g38410 decreased in Si-deprived plants under high-Zn stress. Nevertheless, the addition of 1.5 mM Si increased the expression levels of these genes in plants under high-Zn stress at 72 h, and the expression levels were higher in Si-treated plants than in Si-deprived plants. Therefore, we conclude that Si alleviates the Zn-induced damage to photosynthesis in rice. The decline of photosynthesis in Zn-stressed rice was attributed to stomatal limitation, and Si activated and regulated some photosynthesis-related genes in response to high-Zn stress, consequently increasing photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Song
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenliang Fan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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80
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Tomizioli M, Lazar C, Brugière S, Burger T, Salvi D, Gatto L, Moyet L, Breckels LM, Hesse AM, Lilley KS, Seigneurin-Berny D, Finazzi G, Rolland N, Ferro M. Deciphering thylakoid sub-compartments using a mass spectrometry-based approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2147-67. [PMID: 24872594 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis has shaped atmospheric and ocean chemistries and probably changed the climate as well, as oxygen is released from water as part of the photosynthetic process. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, this process occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle containing the most abundant biological membrane, the thylakoids. The thylakoids of plants and some green algae are structurally inhomogeneous, consisting of two main domains: the grana, which are piles of membranes gathered by stacking forces, and the stroma-lamellae, which are unstacked thylakoids connecting the grana. The major photosynthetic complexes are unevenly distributed within these compartments because of steric and electrostatic constraints. Although proteomic analysis of thylakoids has been instrumental to define its protein components, no extensive proteomic study of subthylakoid localization of proteins in the BBY (grana) and the stroma-lamellae fractions has been achieved so far. To fill this gap, we performed a complete survey of the protein composition of these thylakoid subcompartments using thylakoid membrane fractionations. We employed semiquantitative proteomics coupled with a data analysis pipeline and manual annotation to differentiate genuine BBY and stroma-lamellae proteins from possible contaminants. About 300 thylakoid (or potentially thylakoid) proteins were shown to be enriched in either the BBY or the stroma-lamellae fractions. Overall, present findings corroborate previous observations obtained for photosynthetic proteins that used nonproteomic approaches. The originality of the present proteomic relies in the identification of photosynthetic proteins whose differential distribution in the thylakoid subcompartments might explain already observed phenomenon such as LHCII docking. Besides, from the present localization results we can suggest new molecular actors for photosynthesis-linked activities. For instance, most PsbP-like subunits being differently localized in stroma-lamellae, these proteins could be linked to the PSI-NDH complex in the context of cyclic electron flow around PSI. In addition, we could identify about a hundred new likely minor thylakoid (or chloroplast) proteins, some of them being potential regulators of the chloroplast physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Tomizioli
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; §CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ¶CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‖INRA, USC 1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Cosmin Lazar
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; **CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‡‡ INSERM, U1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; **CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‡‡ INSERM, U1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Burger
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; **CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‡‡ INSERM, U1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France; §§CNRS, FR3425, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Salvi
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; §CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ¶CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‖INRA, USC 1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Gatto
- ¶¶Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Moyet
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; §CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ¶CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‖INRA, USC 1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Lisa M Breckels
- ¶¶Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; **CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‡‡ INSERM, U1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- ¶¶Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; §CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ¶CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‖INRA, USC 1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; §CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ¶CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‖INRA, USC 1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; §CNRS, UMR5168, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ¶CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‖INRA, USC 1359, F-38054 Grenoble, France;
| | - Myriam Ferro
- From the ‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; **CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France; ‡‡ INSERM, U1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France;
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81
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Takahashi H, Okamuro A, Minagawa J, Takahashi Y. Biochemical Characterization of Photosystem I-Associated Light-Harvesting Complexes I and II Isolated from State 2 Cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1437-49. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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82
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Seok MS, You YN, Park HJ, Lee SS, Aigen F, Luan S, Ahn JC, Cho HS. AtFKBP16-1, a chloroplast lumenal immunophilin, mediates response to photosynthetic stress by regulating PsaL stability. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:620-31. [PMID: 24124981 PMCID: PMC4282393 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis contains 16 putative chloroplast lumen-targeted immunophilins (IMMs). Proteomic analysis has enabled the subcellular localization of IMMs experimentally, but the exact biological and physiological roles of most luminal IMMs remain to be discovered. FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 16-1, one of the lumenal IMMs containing poorly conserved amino acid residues for peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity, was shown to play a possible role in chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis, and was also found to interact with PsaL in wheat. In this study, further evidence is provided for the notion that Arabidopsis FKBP16-1 (AtFKBP16-1) is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by environmental stresses including high light (HL) intensity, and that overexpression of AtFKBP16-1 plants exhibited increased photosynthetic stress tolerance. A blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/two-dimensional (BN-PAGE/2-D) analysis revealed that the increase of AtFKBP16-1 affected the levels of photosystem I (PSI)-light harvesting complex I (LHCI) and PSI-LHCI-light harvesting complex II (LHCII) supercomplex, and consequently enhanced tolerance under conditions of HL stress. In addition, plants overexpressing AtFKBP16-1 showed increased accumulation of PsaL protein and enhanced drought tolerance. Using a protease protection assay, AtFKBP16-1 protein was found to have a role in PsaL stability. The AtPsaL levels also responded to abiotic stresses derived from drought, and from methyl viologen stresses in wild-type plants. Taken together, these results suggest that AtFKBP16-1 plays a role in the acclimation of plants under photosynthetic stress conditions, probably by regulating PsaL stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sook Seok
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
- † Current address: College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Young Nim You
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Sang Sook Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Fu Aigen
- Department of Plant Microbial Biology, UCBerkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- ‡ Current address: College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, Shanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant Microbial Biology, UCBerkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jun Cheul Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Science, Seonam UniversityNamwon, 590-170, Korea
- * Correspondence Corresponding author, e-mail: ;
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeon, 305-806, Korea
- * Correspondence Corresponding author, e-mail: ;
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83
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Drop B, Yadav K N S, Boekema EJ, Croce R. Consequences of state transitions on the structural and functional organization of photosystem I in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:181-91. [PMID: 24506306 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
State transitions represent a photoacclimation process that regulates the light-driven photosynthetic reactions in response to changes in light quality/quantity. It balances the excitation between photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) by shuttling LHCII, the main light-harvesting complex of green algae and plants, between them. This process is particularly important in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in which it is suggested to induce a large reorganization in the thylakoid membrane. Phosphorylation has been shown to be necessary for state transitions and the LHCII kinase has been identified. However, the consequences of state transitions on the structural organization and the functionality of the photosystems have not yet been elucidated. This situation is mainly because the purification of the supercomplexes has proved to be particularly difficult, thus preventing structural and functional studies. Here, we have purified and analysed PSI and PSII supercomplexes of C. reinhardtii in states 1 and 2, and have studied them using biochemical, spectroscopic and structural methods. It is shown that PSI in state 2 is able to bind two LHCII trimers that contain all four LHCII types, and one monomer, most likely CP29, in addition to its nine Lhcas. This structure is the largest PSI complex ever observed, having an antenna size of 340 Chls/P700. Moreover, all PSI-bound Lhcs are efficient in transferring energy to PSI. A projection map at 20 Å resolution reveals the structural organization of the complex. Surprisingly, only LHCII type I, II and IV are phosphorylated when associated with PSI, while LHCII type III and CP29 are not, but CP29 is phosphorylated when associated with PSII in state2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Drop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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84
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Finazzi G, Minagawa J. High Light Acclimation in Green Microalgae. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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85
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Murchie EH, Harbinson J. Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching Across Scales: From Chloroplasts to Plants to Communities. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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86
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Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are continuously subjected to changes in light quantity and quality, and must adjust their photosynthetic machinery so that it maintains optimal performance under limiting light and minimizes photodamage under excess light. To achieve this goal, these organisms use two main strategies in which light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the light-harvesting system of photosystem II (PSII), plays a key role both for the collection of light energy and for photoprotection. The first is energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching, whereby the high-light-induced proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane triggers a process in which excess excitation energy is harmlessly dissipated as heat. The second involves a redistribution of the mobile LHCII between the two photosystems in response to changes in the redox poise of the electron transport chain sensed through a signaling chain. These two processes strongly diminish the production of damaging reactive oxygen species, but photodamage of PSII is unavoidable, and it is repaired efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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87
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Minagawa J. Dynamic reorganization of photosynthetic supercomplexes during environmental acclimation of photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:513. [PMID: 24381578 PMCID: PMC3865443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae have acquired the ability to acclimate to ever-changing environments in order to survive. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted by several membrane protein supercomplexes into electrochemical energy, which is eventually used to assimilate CO2. The efficiency of photosynthesis is modulated by many environmental factors such as quality and quantity of light, temperature, drought, and CO2 concentration, among others. Accumulating evidence indicates that photosynthetic supercomplexes undergo supramolecular reorganization within a short time frame during acclimation to an environmental change. This reorganization includes state transitions that balance the excitation of photosystem I and II by shuttling peripheral antenna proteins between the two, thermal energy dissipation that occurs at energy-quenching sites within the light-harvesting antenna generated for negative feedback when excess light is absorbed, and cyclic electron flow that is facilitated between photosystem I and the cytochrome bf complex when cells demand more ATP and/or need to activate energy dissipation. This review will highlight the recent findings regarding these environmental acclimation events in model organisms with particular attention to the unicellular green alga C. reinhardtii and with reference to the vascular plant A. thaliana, which offers a glimpse into the dynamic behavior of photosynthetic machineries in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Minagawa
- *Correspondence: Jun Minagawa, Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan e-mail:
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88
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Wientjes E, Drop B, Kouřil R, Boekema EJ, Croce R. During state 1 to state 2 transition in Arabidopsis thaliana, the photosystem II supercomplex gets phosphorylated but does not disassemble. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32821-6. [PMID: 24097972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to continuous changes in light quality and quantity that challenge the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and have evolved a series of mechanisms to face this challenge. In this work, we have studied state transitions, the process that redistributes the excitation pressure between photosystems I and II (PSI/PSII) by the reversible association of LHCII, the major antenna complex of higher plants, with either one of them upon phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. By combining biochemical analysis and electron microscopy, we have studied the effect of state transitions on the composition and organization of photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana. Two LHCII trimers (called trimers M and S) are part of the PSII supercomplex, whereas up to two more are loosely associated with PSII in state 1 in higher plants (called "extra" trimers). Here, we show that the LHCII from the extra pool migrates to PSI in state 2, thus leaving the PSII supercomplex and the semicrystalline PSII arrays intact. In state 2, not only is the mobile LHCII phosphorylated, but also the LHCII in the PSII supercomplexes. This demonstrates that PSII phosphorylation is not sufficient for disconnecting LHCII trimers S and M from PSII and for their migration to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wientjes
- From the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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89
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Leoni C, Pietrzykowska M, Kiss AZ, Suorsa M, Ceci LR, Aro EM, Jansson S. Very rapid phosphorylation kinetics suggest a unique role for Lhcb2 during state transitions in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:236-46. [PMID: 23888908 PMCID: PMC4223382 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) contains three highly homologous chlorophyll-a/b-binding proteins (Lhcb1, Lhcb2 and Lhcb3), which can be assembled into both homo- and heterotrimers. Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 are reversibly phosphorylated by the action of STN7 kinase and PPH1/TAP38 phosphatase in the so-called state-transition process. We have developed antibodies that are specific for the phosphorylated forms of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2. We found that Lhcb2 is more rapidly phosphorylated than Lhcb1: 10 sec of 'state 2 light' results in Lhcb2 phosphorylation to 30% of the maximum level. Phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of the proteins showed no difference in electrophoretic mobility and dephosphorylation kinetics did not differ between the two proteins. In state 2, most of the phosphorylated forms of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 were present in super- and mega-complexes that comprised both photosystem (PS)I and PSII, and the state 2-specific PSI-LHCII complex was highly enriched in the phosphorylated forms of Lhcb2. Our results imply distinct and specific roles for Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 in the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leoni
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Pharmacology Sciences, Bari UniversityVia Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anett Z Kiss
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of TurkuFI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Luigi R Ceci
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, CNRVia Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of TurkuFI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- *For correspondence (e-mail )
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90
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Croce R, van Amerongen H. Light-harvesting in photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:153-66. [PMID: 23645376 PMCID: PMC3825136 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the light-harvesting properties of photosystem I (PSI) and its LHCI outer antenna. LHCI consists of different chlorophyll a/b binding proteins called Lhca's, surrounding the core of PSI. In total, the PSI-LHCI complex of higher plants contains 173 chlorophyll molecules, most of which are there to harvest sunlight energy and to transfer the created excitation energy to the reaction center (RC) where it is used for charge separation. The efficiency of the complex is based on the capacity to deliver this energy to the RC as fast as possible, to minimize energy losses. The performance of PSI in this respect is remarkable: on average it takes around 50 ps for the excitation to reach the RC in plants, without being quenched in the meantime. This means that the internal quantum efficiency is close to 100% which makes PSI the most efficient energy converter in nature. In this review, we describe the light-harvesting properties of the complex in relation to protein and pigment organization/composition, and we discuss the important parameters that assure its very high quantum efficiency. Excitation energy transfer and trapping in the core and/or Lhcas, as well as in the supercomplexes PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII are described in detail with the aim of giving an overview of the functional behavior of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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91
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Chen B, Zhang A, Lu Q, Kuang T, Lu C, Wen X. Characterization of photosystem I in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings upon exposure to random positioning machine. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:93-105. [PMID: 23943138 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of how photosynthesis is adapted under altered gravity forces, photosynthetic apparatus and its functioning were investigated in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings grown in a random positioning machine (RPM). A decrease in fresh weight and dry weight was observed in rice seedlings grown under RPM condition. No significant changes were found in the chloroplast ultrastructure and total chlorophyll content between the RPM and control samples. Analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence and thermoluminescence demonstrate that PSII activity was unchanged under RPM condition. However, PSI activity decreased significantly under RPM condition. 77 K fluorescence emission spectra show a blue-shift and reduction of PSI fluorescence emission peak in the RPM seedlings. In addition, RPM caused a significant decrease in the amplitude of absorbance changes of P700 at 820 nm (A 820) induced by saturated far-red light. Moreover, the PSI efficiency (Φ I) decreased significantly under RPM condition. Immunoblot and blue native gel analyses further illustrate that accumulation of PSI proteins was greatly decreased in the RPM seedlings. Our results suggest that PSI, but not PSII, is down-regulated under RPM condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Chen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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92
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Allahverdiyeva Y, Suorsa M, Rossi F, Pavesi A, Kater MM, Antonacci A, Tadini L, Pribil M, Schneider A, Wanner G, Leister D, Aro EM, Barbato R, Pesaresi P. Arabidopsis plants lacking PsbQ and PsbR subunits of the oxygen-evolving complex show altered PSII super-complex organization and short-term adaptive mechanisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:671-84. [PMID: 23647309 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving complex of eukaryotic photosystem II (PSII) consists of four extrinsic subunits, PsbO (33 kDa), PsbP (23 kDa), PsbQ (17 kDa) and PsbR (10 kDa), encoded by seven nuclear genes, PsbO1 (At5g66570), PsbO2 (At3g50820), PsbP1 (At1g06680), PsbP2 (At2g30790), PsbQ1 (At4g21280), PsbQ2 (At4g05180) and PsbR (At1g79040). Using Arabidopsis insertion mutant lines, we show that PsbP1, but not PsbP2, is essential for photoautotrophic growth, whereas plants lacking both forms of PsbQ and/or PsbR show normal growth rates. Complete elimination of PsbQ has a minor effect on PSII function, but plants lacking PsbR or both PsbR and PsbQ are characterized by more pronounced defects in PSII activity. Gene expression and immunoblot analyses indicate that accumulation of each of these proteins is highly dependent on the presence of the others, and is controlled at the post-transcriptional level, whereas PsbO stability appears to be less sensitive to depletion of other subunits of the oxygen-evolving complex. In addition, comparison of levels of the PSII super-complex in wild-type and mutant leaves reveals the importance of the individual subunits of the oxygen-evolving complex for the supramolecular organization of PSII and their influence on the rate of state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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93
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Rochaix JD. Redox regulation of thylakoid protein kinases and photosynthetic gene expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2184-201. [PMID: 23339452 PMCID: PMC3629850 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photosynthetic organisms are subjected to frequent changes in their environment that include fluctuations in light quality and quantity, temperature, CO(2) concentration, and nutrient availability. They have evolved complex responses to these changes that allow them to protect themselves against photo-oxidative damage and to optimize their growth under these adverse conditions. In the case of light changes, these acclimatory processes can occur in either the short or the long term and are mainly mediated through the redox state of the plastoquinone pool and the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system. RECENT ADVANCES Short-term responses involve a dynamic reorganization of photosynthetic complexes, and long-term responses (LTRs) modulate the chloroplast and nuclear gene expression in such a way that the levels of the photosystems and their antennae are rebalanced for an optimal photosynthetic performance. These changes are mediated through a complex signaling network with several protein kinases and phosphatases that are conserved in land plants and algae. The phosphorylation status of the light-harvesting proteins of photosystem II and its core proteins is mainly determined by two complementary kinase-phosphatase pairs corresponding to STN7/PPH1 and STN8/PBCP, respectively. CRITICAL ISSUES The activity of the Stt7 kinase is principally regulated by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, which in turn depends on the light irradiance, ambient CO(2) concentration, and cellular energy status. In addition, this kinase is also involved in the LTR. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Other chloroplast kinases modulate the activity of the plastid transcriptional machinery, but the global signaling network that connects all of the identified kinases and phosphatases is still largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rochaix
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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94
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Grimaud F, Renaut J, Dumont E, Sergeant K, Lucau-Danila A, Blervacq AS, Sellier H, Bahrman N, Lejeune-Hénaut I, Delbreil B, Goulas E. Exploring chloroplastic changes related to chilling and freezing tolerance during cold acclimation of pea (Pisum sativum L.). J Proteomics 2013; 80:145-59. [PMID: 23318888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) productivity is linked to its ability to cope with abiotic stresses such as low temperatures during fall and winter. In this study, we investigate the chloroplast-related changes occurring during pea cold acclimation, in order to further lead to genetic improvement of its field performance. Champagne and Térèse, two pea lines with different acclimation capabilities, were studied by physiological measurements, sub-cellular fractionation followed by relative protein quantification and two-dimensional DIGE. The chilling tolerance might be related to an increase in protein related to soluble sugar synthesis, antioxidant potential, regulation of mRNA transcription and translation through the chloroplast. Freezing tolerance, only observed in Champagne, seems to rely on a higher inherent photosynthetic potential at the beginning of the cold exposure, combined with an early ability to start metabolic processes aimed at maintaining the photosynthetic capacity, optimizing the stoichiometry of the photosystems and inducing dynamic changes in carbohydrate and protein synthesis and/or turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Grimaud
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France; Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies (EVA), 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies (EVA), 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Estelle Dumont
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Department of Environment and Agrobiotechnologies (EVA), 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Anca Lucau-Danila
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Blervacq
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Hélène Sellier
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Nasser Bahrman
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Isabelle Lejeune-Hénaut
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Bruno Delbreil
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
| | - Estelle Goulas
- Université Lille 1/INRA, UMR 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex/Estrées-Mons, 80200 cedex, France.
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95
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Nath K, Elizabeth J, Poudyal RS, Ko SY, Lim WK, Lee CH. Mobilization of Photosystem II-Light Harvesting Complex II Supercomplexes during High Light Illumination and State Transitions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5857/rcp.2013.2.1.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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96
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LHCII is an antenna of both photosystems after long-term acclimation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:420-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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97
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Grouneva I, Gollan PJ, Kangasjärvi S, Suorsa M, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Phylogenetic viewpoints on regulation of light harvesting and electron transport in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. PLANTA 2013; 237:399-412. [PMID: 22971817 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The comparative study of photosynthetic regulation in the thylakoid membrane of different phylogenetic groups can yield valuable insights into mechanisms, genetic requirements and redundancy of regulatory processes. This review offers a brief summary on the current understanding of light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport regulation in different photosynthetic eukaryotes, with a special focus on the comparison between higher plants and unicellular algae of secondary endosymbiotic origin. The foundations of thylakoid structure, light harvesting, reversible protein phosphorylation and PSI-mediated cyclic electron transport are traced not only from green algae to vascular plants but also at the branching point between the "green" and the "red" lineage of photosynthetic organisms. This approach was particularly valuable in revealing processes that (1) are highly conserved between phylogenetic groups, (2) serve a common physiological role but nevertheless originate in divergent genetic backgrounds or (3) are missing in one phylogenetic branch despite their unequivocal importance in another, necessitating a search for alternative regulatory mechanisms and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Grouneva
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland.
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98
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Wunder T, Liu Q, Aseeva E, Bonardi V, Leister D, Pribil M. Control of STN7 transcript abundance and transient STN7 dimerisation are involved in the regulation of STN7 activity. PLANTA 2013; 237:541-58. [PMID: 23086342 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of LHCII, the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II, controls its migration between the two photosystems (state transitions), and serves to adapt the photosynthetic machinery of plants and green algae to short-term changes in ambient light conditions. The thylakoid kinase STN7 is required for LHCII phosphorylation and state transitions in vascular plants. Regulation of STN7 levels occurs at the post-translational level, depends on the thylakoid redox state, and might involve reversible autophosphorylation. Here, we have analysed the effects of different light conditions and chemical inhibitors on the abundance of STN7 transcripts and their products. This analysis was performed in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants, in several photosynthetic mutants, and in lines overexpressing STN7 (oeSTN7) or expressing mutant variants of STN7 carrying single or double cysteine-serine exchanges. It was found that accumulation of the STN7 protein is also controlled at the level of transcript abundance. Under certain conditions, exposure to high light or far-red light treatment, the relative decreases in LHCII phosphorylation can be attributed to decreases in STN7 abundance. Nevertheless, inhibitor experiments showed that redox control of LHCII kinase activity persists in oeSTN7 plants. STN7 dimers were found in oeSTN7 plants and in lines with single cysteine-serine exchanges, indicating that dimerisation involves disulphide bridges. We speculate that transient STN7 dimerisation is required for STN7 activity, and that the altered dimerisation behaviour of oeSTN7 plants might be responsible for the unusually high phosphorylation of LHCII in the dark found in this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wunder
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Großhaderner Strasse 2, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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99
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Hirth M, Dietzel L, Steiner S, Ludwig R, Weidenbach H, and JP, Pfannschmidt T. Photosynthetic acclimation responses of maize seedlings grown under artificial laboratory light gradients mimicking natural canopy conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:334. [PMID: 24062753 PMCID: PMC3770919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study we assessed the ability of the C4 plant maize to perform long-term photosynthetic acclimation in an artificial light quality system previously used for analyzing short-term and long-term acclimation responses (LTR) in C3 plants. We aimed to test if this light system could be used as a tool for analyzing redox-regulated acclimation processes in maize seedlings. Photosynthetic parameters obtained from maize samples harvested in the field were used as control. The results indicated that field grown maize performed a pronounced LTR with significant differences between the top and the bottom levels of the plant stand corresponding to the strong light gradients occurring in it. We compared these data to results obtained from maize seedlings grown under artificial light sources preferentially exciting either photosystem II or photosystem I. In C3 plants, this light system induces redox signals within the photosynthetic electron transport chain which trigger state transitions and differential phosphorylation of LHCII (light harvesting complexes of photosystem II). The LTR to these redox signals induces changes in the accumulation of plastid psaA transcripts, in chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence values F \rm s/F \rm m, in Chl a/b ratios and in transient starch accumulation in C3 plants. Maize seedlings grown in this light system exhibited a pronounced ability to perform both short-term and long-term acclimation at the level of psaA transcripts, Chl fluorescence values F \rm s/F \rm m and Chl a/b ratios. Interestingly, maize seedlings did not exhibit redox-controlled variations of starch accumulation probably because of its specific differences in energy metabolism. In summary, the artificial laboratory light system was found to be well-suited to mimic field light conditions and provides a physiological tool for studying the molecular regulation of the LTR of maize in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hirth
- Present address: Matthias Hirth, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Professur für Molekulare Botanik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany; Lars Dietzel, Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Pflanzliche Zellphysiologie, Biozentrum Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany; Sebastian Steiner, Klein Wanzlebener Saatzucht Saat AG, Grimsehlstraße 31, Einbeck 37574, Germany; Robert Ludwig, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie I — AG Experimentelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena — Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena 07747, Germany; Thomas Pfannschmidt, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Lars Dietzel
- Present address: Matthias Hirth, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Professur für Molekulare Botanik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany; Lars Dietzel, Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Pflanzliche Zellphysiologie, Biozentrum Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany; Sebastian Steiner, Klein Wanzlebener Saatzucht Saat AG, Grimsehlstraße 31, Einbeck 37574, Germany; Robert Ludwig, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie I — AG Experimentelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena — Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena 07747, Germany; Thomas Pfannschmidt, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Sebastian Steiner
- Present address: Matthias Hirth, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Professur für Molekulare Botanik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany; Lars Dietzel, Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Pflanzliche Zellphysiologie, Biozentrum Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany; Sebastian Steiner, Klein Wanzlebener Saatzucht Saat AG, Grimsehlstraße 31, Einbeck 37574, Germany; Robert Ludwig, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie I — AG Experimentelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena — Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena 07747, Germany; Thomas Pfannschmidt, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Robert Ludwig
- Present address: Matthias Hirth, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Professur für Molekulare Botanik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena 07743, Germany; Lars Dietzel, Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Pflanzliche Zellphysiologie, Biozentrum Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany; Sebastian Steiner, Klein Wanzlebener Saatzucht Saat AG, Grimsehlstraße 31, Einbeck 37574, Germany; Robert Ludwig, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie I — AG Experimentelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena — Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena 07747, Germany; Thomas Pfannschmidt, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Pfannschmidt
- *Correspondence: Thomas Pfannschmidt, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France e-mail:
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100
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Grieco M, Tikkanen M, Paakkarinen V, Kangasjärvi S, Aro EM. Steady-state phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II proteins preserves photosystem I under fluctuating white light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1896-910. [PMID: 23033142 PMCID: PMC3510119 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the "state transitions" theory, the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) phosphorylation in plant chloroplasts is essential to adjust the relative absorption cross section of photosystem II (PSII) and PSI upon changes in light quality. The role of LHCII phosphorylation upon changes in light intensity is less thoroughly investigated, particularly when changes in light intensity are too fast to allow the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes to occur. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stn7 (for state transition7) mutant, devoid of the STN7 kinase and LHCII phosphorylation, shows a growth penalty only under fluctuating white light due to a low amount of PSI. Under constant growth light conditions, stn7 acquires chloroplast redox homeostasis by increasing the relative amount of PSI centers. Thus, in plant chloroplasts, the steady-state LHCII phosphorylation plays a major role in preserving PSI upon rapid fluctuations in white light intensity. Such protection of PSI results from LHCII phosphorylation-dependent equal distribution of excitation energy to both PSII and PSI from the shared LHCII antenna and occurs in cooperation with nonphotochemical quenching and the proton gradient regulation5-dependent control of electron flow, which are likewise strictly regulated by white light intensity. LHCII phosphorylation is concluded to function both as a stabilizer (in time scales of seconds to minutes) and a dynamic regulator (in time scales from tens of minutes to hours and days) of redox homeostasis in chloroplasts, subject to modifications by both environmental and metabolic cues. Exceeding the capacity of LHCII phosphorylation/dephosphorylation to balance the distribution of excitation energy between PSII and PSI results in readjustment of photosystem stoichiometry.
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