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Suzuki K, Tange M, Yamagishi R, Hanada H, Mukai S, Sato T, Tanaka T, Akashi T, Kadomatsu K, Maeda T, Miida T, Takeuchi I, Murakami H, Sekido Y, Murakami-Tonami Y. SMG6 regulates DNA damage and cell survival in Hippo pathway kinase LATS2-inactivated malignant mesothelioma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:446. [PMID: 36335095 PMCID: PMC9637146 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many genes responsible for Malignant mesothelioma (MM) have been identified as tumor suppressor genes and it is difficult to target these genes directly at a molecular level. We searched for the gene which showed synthetic lethal phenotype with LATS2, one of the MM causative genes and one of the kinases in the Hippo pathway. Here we showed that knockdown of SMG6 results in synthetic lethality in LATS2-inactivated cells. We found that this synthetic lethality required the nuclear translocation of YAP1 and TAZ. Both are downstream factors of the Hippo pathway. We also demonstrated that this synthetic lethality did not require SMG6 in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) but in regulating telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity. In addition, the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RdDP) activity of TERT was required for this synthetic lethal phenotype. We confirmed the inhibitory effects of LATS2 and SMG6 on cell proliferation in vivo. The result suggests an interaction between the Hippo and TERT signaling pathways. We also propose that SMG6 and TERT are novel molecular target candidates for LATS2-inactivated cancers such as MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Suzuki
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.412788.00000 0001 0536 8427Cancer Molecular Genetics Lab, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tange
- grid.412788.00000 0001 0536 8427Cancer Molecular Genetics Lab, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamagishi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Pathophysiology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanada
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Mukai
- grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sato
- grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Akashi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Integrative Cellular Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XInstitute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tohru Maeda
- grid.411042.20000 0004 0371 5415College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XGraduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- grid.443595.a0000 0001 2323 0843Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDivision of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Murakami-Tonami
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.412788.00000 0001 0536 8427Cancer Molecular Genetics Lab, Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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Paajanen J, Bueno R, De Rienzo A. The Rocky Road from Preclinical Findings to Successful Targeted Therapy in Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13422. [PMID: 36362209 PMCID: PMC9658134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare and aggressive disease that arises from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity. Approximately 80% of PM patients have a history of asbestos exposure. The long latency period of 20-40 years from the time of asbestos exposure to diagnosis, suggests that multiple somatic genetic alterations are required for the tumorigenesis of PM. The genomic landscape of PM has been characterized by inter- and intratumor heterogeneity associated with the impairment of tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A, NF2, and BAP1. Current systemic therapies have shown only limited efficacy, and none is approved for patients with relapsed PM. Advances in understanding of the molecular landscape of PM has facilitated several biomarker-driven clinical trials but so far, no predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies are in clinical use. Recent advances in the PM genetics have provided optimism for successful molecular strategies in the future. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanism underlying PM pathogenesis and review potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphael Bueno
- The Thoracic Surgery Oncology Laboratory and The International Mesothelioma Program, Division of Thoracic Surgery and the Lung Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Almouh M, Razmara E, Bitaraf A, Ghazimoradi MH, Hassan ZM, Babashah S. Circular RNAs play roles in regulatory networks of cell signaling pathways in human cancers. Life Sci 2022; 309:120975. [PMID: 36126723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous covalently closed non-coding RNAs produced by reverse splicing of linear RNA. These molecules are highly expressed in mammalian cells and show cell/tissue-specific expression patterns. They are also significantly dysregulated in various cancers and function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Emerging evidence reveals that circRNAs contribute to cancer progression via modulating different cell signaling pathways. Nevertheless, the functional significance of circRNAs in cell signaling pathways regulation is still largely elusive. Considering this, shedding light on the multi-pathway effects of circRNAs may improve our understanding of targeted cancer therapy. Here, we discuss how circRNAs regulate the major cell signaling pathways in human cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We adopted a systematic search in PubMed using the following MeSH terms: circRNAs, non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs, exosomal circRNAs, cancer, and cell signaling. KEY FINDINGS We discussed different roles of circRNAs during tumorigenesis in which circRNAs affect tumor development through activating or inactivating certain cell signaling pathways via molecular interactions using various signaling pathways. We also discussed how crosstalk between circRNAs and lncRNAs modulate tumorigenesis and provides a resource for the identification of cancer therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE We here elucidated how circRNAs can modulate different cell signaling pathways and play roles in cancer. This can broaden our horizons toward introducing promising prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Almouh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Ghazimoradi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair Mohammad Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang J, Raza SHA, Wei D, Yaping S, Chao J, Jin W, Almohaimeed HM, A Batarfi M, Assiri R, Aggad WS, Ghalib SH, Ageeli AA. Roles of MEF2A and MyoG in the transcriptional regulation of bovine LATS2 gene. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:417-426. [PMID: 36126508 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As an important downstream effector gene in the hippo signaling pathway, large tumor suppressor gene 2 (LATS2) is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, organ size and tissue regeneration, and plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of animal muscles. The purpose of this study is to explore the temporal expression of bovine LATS2 gene, and determine the key transcription factors for regulating bovine LATS2 gene. The result showed that bovine LATS2 gene was highly expressed in liver and longissimus dorsi, and was up-regulated in infancy muscle. In addition, it was highly expressed on the 2th day during the differentiation stage of myoblast. The upstream 1.7 Kb sequence of the 5 'translation region of bovine LATS2 gene was cloned, and 7 different deletion fragments were amplified by the upstream primers. These fragments were constructed into double luciferase reporter vectors and transfected into myoblasts and myotubes cells, respectively to detect the core promoter regions. In addition, the key transcription factors of the core promoter sequence of the bovine LATS2 gene were analyzed and predicted by online software. Combining with site-directed mutations, siRNA interference and chromatin immunoprecipitation technology, it was identified that MEF2A and MyoG combined in core promoter region (-248/-56) to regulate the transcription activity of bovine LATS2 gene. The results have laid a theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of LATS2 gene in the process of muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiupan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Ningxia Academy of agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | | | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Song Yaping
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiang Chao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wang Jin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Ningxia Academy of agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah A Batarfi
- Department of Anatomy, Basic medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waheeb S Aggad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 8304, Jeddah 23234, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samirah H Ghalib
- Chemistry department, Collage of Science (female section), Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Ageeli
- Chemistry department, Collage of Science (female section), Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
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Lu S, Jiang M, Chen Q, Luo X, Cao Z, Huang H, Zheng M, Du J. Upregulated YAP promotes oncogenic CTNNB1 expression contributing to molecular pathology of hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29705. [PMID: 35404538 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma (HB) is one of the most common cancers in children. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence of nuclear accumulation of β-catenin reaches 90%-100% because of the anomalous activation of the Wnt pathway in HB patients. Furthermore, emerging studies have shown that concomitant activated forms of YAP and β-catenin trigger the formation and progression of HB. YAP might play a vital role in β-catenin-mediated HB development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor regulates CTNNB1 underlying HB pathogenesis are still unclear. PROCEDURE YAP and CTNNB1 expression and correlation were analyzed by a combination of network enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis of the public microarray datasets (GSE131329 and GSE81928). The protein levels of YAP and β-catenin were further validated by Western blotting in paired patients' samples. The direct interplay between YAP/TEAD4 and the promoter region of CTNNB1 was proven by the combination of dual-luciferase report assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS YAP-conserved signature and WNT signaling pathway were significantly enriched in HB patients, with upregulated expression of YAP and β-catenin compared to non-HB patients. Further functional assays demonstrated that YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor complex could bind to the CTNNB1 promoter region directly to promote β-catenin expression and cell proliferation. Targeting the YAP/TEAD4 complex with a specific small-molecule compound markedly suppressed HepaG2 cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS As the upstream transcription factor of CTNNB1, YAP/TEAD4 is a promising target for the treatment of HB patients with high levels of YAP and β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxian Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Institute for Lymphoma Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junpeng Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Seo S, Kim YA, Lee J, Lee S, Kim J, Lee S. Fat3 regulates neural progenitor cells by promoting Yap activity during spinal cord development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14726. [PMID: 36042367 PMCID: PMC9427758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic development of the spinal cord requires tight coordination between proliferation of neural progenitors and their differentiation into distinct neuronal cell types to establish intricate neuronal circuits. The Hippo pathway is one of the well-known regulators to control cell proliferation and govern neural progenitor cell number, in which the downstream effector Yes-associated protein (Yap) promotes cell cycle progression. Here we show that an atypical cadherin Fat3, expressed highly in the neural tube, plays a critical role in maintaining proper number of proliferating progenitors. Knockdown of Fat3 in chick neural tube down-regulates expression of the proliferation markers but rather induces the expression of neural markers in the ventricular zone. We further show that deletion of Fat3 gene in mouse neural tube depletes neural progenitors, accompanied by neuronal gene expression in the ventral ventricular zone of the spinal cord. Finally, we found that Fat3 regulates the phosphorylation level of Lats1/2, the upstream kinase of Yap, resulting in dephosphorylation and stabilization of Yap, suggesting Yap as a key downstream effector of Fat3. Our study uncovers another layer of regulatory mechanisms in controlling the activity of Hippo signaling pathway to regulate the size of neural progenitor pools in the developing spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junekyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jumee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Li T, Xing G, Lu L, Kong X, Guo J. CircAGFG1 Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression and Stemness by Competing with miR-302a-3p to Upregulate the Expression of LATS2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6370766. [PMID: 35958928 PMCID: PMC9357677 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6370766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of circRNA (circAGFG1) on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell stemness of osteosarcoma cells by targeting miR-302a to regulate LATS2. The expression of circAGFG1 in osteosarcoma cells and normal osteoblasts was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation, clone formation, and invasion were detected by CCK-8, clone formation, and cell invasion assays. In vivo tumor formation assay was used to detect the effect of circAGFG1 on tumor growth. The expression level of circAGFG1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma cells. The downregulation of circAGFG1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of osteosarcoma cells. The overexpression of circAGFG1 enhanced the stemness of osteosarcoma cells. CircAGFG1 was specifically bound to miR-302a to regulate the expression activity of miR-302a. MiR-302a specifically bound to the 3'UTR of LATS2 and inhibited the expression of LATS2. The overexpression of miR-302a reversed the effect of circAGFG1 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of osteosarcoma cells. CircAGFG1 regulated the expression of LATS2 by miR-302a, thereby regulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongchun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changle County People's Hospital, Weifang 262400, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjie Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Changle County People's Hospital, Weifang 262400, Shandong, China
| | - Liangliang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Oncology, Sishui County People's Hospital, Jining 273299, Shandong, China
| | - Jinwei Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing 402260, China
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Hany NM, Eissa S, Basyouni M, Hasanin AH, Aboul-Ela YM, Elmagd NMA, Montasser IF, Ali MA, Skipp PJ, Matboli M. Modulation of hepatic stellate cells by Mutaflor ® probiotic in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management. Lab Invest 2022; 20:342. [PMID: 35907883 PMCID: PMC9338485 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAFLD and NASH are emerging as primary causes of chronic liver disease, indicating a need for an effective treatment. Mutaflor® probiotic, a microbial treatment of interest, was effective in sustaining remission in ulcerative colitis patients. OBJECTIVE To construct a genetic-epigenetic network linked to HSC signaling as a modulator of NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis, then assess the effects of Mutaflor® on this network. METHODS First, in silico analysis was used to construct a genetic-epigenetic network linked to HSC signaling. Second, an investigation using rats, including HFHSD induced NASH and Mutaflor® treated animals, was designed. Experimental procedures included biochemical and histopathologic analysis of rat blood and liver samples. At the molecular level, the expression of genetic (FOXA2, TEAD2, and LATS2 mRNAs) and epigenetic (miR-650, RPARP AS-1 LncRNA) network was measured by real-time PCR. PCR results were validated with immunohistochemistry (α-SMA and LATS2). Target effector proteins, IL-6 and TGF-β, were estimated by ELISA. RESULTS Mutaflor® administration minimized biochemical and histopathologic alterations caused by NAFLD/NASH. HSC activation and expression of profibrogenic IL-6 and TGF-β effector proteins were reduced via inhibition of hedgehog and hippo pathways. Pathways may have been inhibited through upregulation of RPARP AS-1 LncRNA which in turn downregulated the expression of miR-650, FOXA2 mRNA and TEAD2 mRNA and upregulated LATS2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Mutaflor® may slow the progression of NAFLD/NASH by modulating a genetic-epigenetic network linked to HSC signaling. The probiotic may be a useful modality for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Hany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. box, Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Eissa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. box, Cairo, 11381, Egypt. .,MASRI Research Institue, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Manal Basyouni
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. box, Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Amany H Hasanin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Aboul-Ela
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Abo Elmagd
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman F Montasser
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul J Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. box, Cairo, 11381, Egypt
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Dubois F, Bazille C, Levallet J, Maille E, Brosseau S, Madelaine J, Bergot E, Zalcman G, Levallet G. Molecular Alterations in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Hope for Effective Treatment by Targeting YAP. Target Oncol 2022; 17:407-431. [PMID: 35906513 PMCID: PMC9345804 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, which has primarily been attributed to the exposure to asbestos fibers (83% of cases); yet, despite a ban of using asbestos in many countries, the incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma failed to decline worldwide. While little progress has been made in malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis, bevacizumab at first, then followed by double immunotherapy (nivolumab plus ipilumumab), were all shown to improve survival in large phase III randomized trials. The morphological analysis of the histological subtyping remains the primary indicator for therapeutic decision making at an advanced disease stage, while a platinum-based chemotherapy regimen combined with pemetrexed, either with or without bevacizumab, is still the main treatment option. Consequently, malignant pleural mesothelioma still represents a significant health concern owing to poor median survival (12-18 months). Given this context, both diagnosis and therapy improvements require better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant pleural mesothelioma's carcinogenesis and progression. Hence, the Hippo pathway in malignant pleural mesothelioma initiation and progression has recently received increasing attention, as the aberrant expression of its core components may be closely related to patient prognosis. The purpose of this review was to provide a critical analysis of our current knowledge on these topics, the main focus being on the available evidence concerning the role of each Hippo pathway's member as a promising biomarker, enabling detection of the disease at earlier stages and thus improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
- Federative Structure of Cyto-Molecular Oncogenetics (SF-MOCAE), CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Solenn Brosseau
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and CIC1425, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
- U830 INSERM "Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group", Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jeannick Madelaine
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and CIC1425, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
- U830 INSERM "Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group", Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.
- Federative Structure of Cyto-Molecular Oncogenetics (SF-MOCAE), CHU de Caen, Caen, France.
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Zheng HC, Xiang LW, Cui ZG, Xue H, E Y, Zhao MZ. The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of LATS1 expression in breast cancer. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:665-677. [PMID: 35142365 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Large tumor suppressor gene 1 (LATS1) belongs to the PKA/PKG/PKC serine/threonine kinase subfamily of the Hippo signaling pathway and inactivates nuclear co-activators YAP1 and WWTR1 by phosphorylation. This study aimed to discern the clinicopathological and prognostic significances of LATS1 expression in breast cancer. METHODS We examined LATS1 expression in breast carcinogenesis and compared it with clinicopathological parameters and survival information of breast cancer patients using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RT-PCR, and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS LATS1 expression was downregulated in breast cancer at both mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). LATS1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with low ER and PR expression, aggressive subtypes (TNBC and HER2+ vs. luminal), and poor survival (P<0.05). Its protein expression was negatively linked to patient age, T stage, N stage, M stage histological grade, PR status, and unfavorable prognosis (P<0.05). There was a positive correlationship between nuclar and cytoplasmic LATS1 expression in breast cancer (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of LATS1 expression plays a vital role in the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer. Thus, LATS1 loss was employed to indicate the aggressive behaviors and poor prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.
| | - Li-Wei Xiang
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Ying E
- Department of Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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61
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Wei D, Raza SHA, Wang X, Khan R, Lei Z, Zhang G, Zhang J, Luoreng Z, Ma Y, Alamoudi MO, Aloufi BH, Alshammari AM, Abd El-Aziz AH, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS. Tissue Expression Analysis, Cloning, and Characterization of the 5'-Regulatory Region of the Bovine LATS1 Gene. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:853819. [PMID: 35692290 PMCID: PMC9185948 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.853819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the large tumor suppressor (LATS) gene family, LATS1 plays an important role in regulating muscle growth and development. In this study, we determined the distinct exhibit patterns of tissue expression of bovine LATS1. Further, we determined the functional proximal minimal promoter of bovine LATS1 and identified the key transcription factors in the core promoter region to elucidate its molecular regulation mechanism. The results showed that bovine LATS1 was highly expressed in the longissimus thoracis and upregulation in infancy muscle. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in combination with site-directed mutation and small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference demonstrated that myogenic differentiation 1 (Myod1) and myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) binding in the core promoter region (−298/−123 bp) play important roles in the transcriptional regulation of the bovine LATS1 promoter. Taken together, these interactions provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of LATS1 transcription in mediating skeletal muscle growth in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rajwali Khan
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zhaoxiong Lei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guijie Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiupan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Muna O Alamoudi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Hamad Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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62
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Hippo pathway-related genes expression is deregulated in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Med Oncol 2022; 39:97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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63
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Shields CE, Schnepp RW, Haynes KA. Differential Epigenetic Effects of BMI Inhibitor PTC-028 on Fusion-Positive Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines from Distinct Metastatic Sites. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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64
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Zuo Y, He J, Liu S, Xu Y, Liu J, Qiao C, Zang L, Sun W, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Jin L, Miao Y, Huang F, Ren T, Wang J, Qian F, Zhu C, Zhang W, Liu Y, Xu G, Ma F, Zheng H. LATS1 is a central signal transmitter for achieving full type-I interferon activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj3887. [PMID: 35394840 PMCID: PMC8993116 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) have broad-spectrum antiviral activity to resist virus epidemic. However, IFN antiviral efficacy needs to be greatly improved. Here, we reveal that LATS1 is a vital signal transmitter governing full type-I IFN (IFN-I) signaling activity. LATS1 constitutively binds with the IFN-I receptor IFNAR2 and is rapidly tyro-phosphorylated by Tyk2 upon IFN-I engagement. Tyro-phosphorylation of LATS1 promotes LATS1 activation and YAP degradation, thereby promoting IFN-mediated antiproliferation activity. Moreover, activated LATS1 translocates into the nucleus and induces CDK8-Ser62 phosphorylation, which in turn phosphorylates STAT1 at Ser727 and induces full IFN-I antiviral activity. LATS1 deficiency restricts in vivo IFN-I signaling and attenuates host antiviral immune response. Our study identifies IFN-I as a previously unidentified extracellular diffusible ligand signal for activation of the Hippo core LATS1 pathway and reveals Tyk2-LATS1-CDK8 as a complete signaling cascade controlling full IFN-I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zuo
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiuyi He
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Siying Liu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caixia Qiao
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lichao Zang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhuan Sun
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Chen
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lincong Jin
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Miao
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Huang
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Ren
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Qian
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Yaobo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Feng Ma
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Corresponding author.
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65
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Cheng X, Sha M, Jiang W, Chen L, Song M. LINC00174 Suppresses Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Up-Regulating LATS2 via Sponging miR-31-5p. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:140-147. [PMID: 35451584 PMCID: PMC9035227 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 174 (LINC00174) in NSCLC. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, LINC00174 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Besides, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Transwell and Flow Cytometry assays were applied to detect the regulatory function of LINC00174 on the growth, migration and apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay predicted and verified the targeting relationship between LINC00174 and miR-31-5p, and between miR-31-5p and the 3´-untranslated region (3´UTR) of large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2), respectively. Western blotting was performed to detect the regulatory function of LINC00174 and miR-31-5p on LATS2 protein expression. Results Compared with that in normal lung tissues, LINC00174 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was reduced. LINC00174 expression was negatively associated with the TNM stage of the patients. Functional experiments showed that LINC00174 overexpression inhibited NSCLC cell multiplication and migration, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, LINC00174 targeted miR-31-5p and repressed its expression. Additionally, LINC00174 upregulated LATS2 expression through competitively binding to miR-31-5p. Conclusion LINC00174, as a competitive endogenous RNA, elevates LATS2 expression by adsorbing miR-31-5p, thereby inhibiting the viability and migration of NSCLC cells, and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Cheng
- Department of Operation, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mali Sha
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjin Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Linjing Chen
- Department of Operation, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Meihua Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China,Department of Thoracic SurgeryYantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiShandongChina
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66
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The Hippo pathway in cancer: YAP/TAZ and TEAD as therapeutic targets in cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:197-222. [PMID: 35119068 PMCID: PMC8819670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a highly complex process, involving many interrelated and cross-acting signalling pathways. One such pathway that has garnered much attention in the field of cancer research over the last decade is the Hippo signalling pathway. Consisting of two antagonistic modules, the pathway plays an integral role in both tumour suppressive and oncogenic processes, generally via regulation of a diverse set of genes involved in a range of biological functions. This review discusses the history of the pathway within the context of cancer and explores some of the most recent discoveries as to how this critical transducer of cellular signalling can influence cancer progression. A special focus is on the various recent efforts to therapeutically target the key effectors of the pathway in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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67
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Small molecule LATS kinase inhibitors block the Hippo signaling pathway and promote cell growth under 3D culture conditions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101779. [PMID: 35231442 PMCID: PMC8988011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 3D cell culture models are considered to reflect the physiological microenvironment and exhibit high concordance with in vivo conditions, one disadvantage has been that cell proliferation is slower in 3D culture as compared to 2D culture. However, the signaling differences that lead to this slower proliferation are unclear. Here, we conducted a cell-based high-throughput screening study and identified novel small molecules that promote cell proliferation, particularly under 3D conditions. We found that one of these molecules, designated GA-017, increases the number and size of spheroids of various cell-types in both scaffold-based and scaffold-independent cultures. In addition, GA-017 also enhances the ex vivo formation of mouse intestinal organoids. Importantly, we demonstrate that GA-017 inhibits the serine/threonine protein kinases large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2, which phosphorylate Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif , key effectors of the growth- and proliferation-regulating Hippo signaling pathway. We showed that GA-017 facilitates the growth of spheroids and organoids by stabilizing and translocating Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif into the cell nucleus. Another chemical analog of GA-017 obtained in this screening also exhibited similar activities and functions. We conclude that experiments with these small molecule large tumor suppressor kinase inhibitors will contribute to further development of efficient 3D culture systems for the ex vivo expansion of spheroids and organoids.
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García-Padilla C, Dueñas Á, García-López V, Aránega A, Franco D, Garcia-Martínez V, López-Sánchez C. Molecular Mechanisms of lncRNAs in the Dependent Regulation of Cancer and Their Potential Therapeutic Use. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:764. [PMID: 35054945 PMCID: PMC8776057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep whole genome and transcriptome sequencing have highlighted the importance of an emerging class of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides (i.e., long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)) that are involved in multiple cellular processes such as cell differentiation, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. Cancer is a prime example derived from a loss of homeostasis, primarily caused by genetic alterations both in the genomic and epigenetic landscape, which results in deregulation of the gene networks. Deregulation of the expression of many lncRNAs in samples, tissues or patients has been pointed out as a molecular regulator in carcinogenesis, with them acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Herein, we summarize the distinct molecular regulatory mechanisms described in literature in which lncRNAs modulate carcinogenesis, emphasizing epigenetic and genetic alterations in particular. Furthermore, we also reviewed the current strategies used to block lncRNA oncogenic functions and their usefulness as potential therapeutic targets in several carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel Dueñas
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Virginio García-López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio Garcia-Martínez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Zhang T, Zhou H, Wang K, Wang X, Wang M, Zhao W, Xi X, Li Y, Cai M, Zhao W, Xu Y, Shao R. Role, molecular mechanism and the potential target of breast cancer stem cells in breast cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112616. [PMID: 35008001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women globally, and its occurrence has surpassed lung cancer and become the biggest threat for women. At present, breast cancer treatment includes surgical resection or postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, tumor relapse and metastasis usually lead to current therapy failure thanks to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs)-mediated tumorigenicity and drug resistance. Drug resistance is mainly due to the long-term quiescent G0 phase, strong DNA repairability, and high expression of ABC transporter, and the tumorigenicity is reflected in the activation of various proliferation pathways related to BCSCs. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of BCSCs and their intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted drugs for BCSCs. To this end, we discussed the latest developments in BCSCs research, focusing on the analysis of specific markers, critical signaling pathways that maintain the stemness of BCSCs,such as NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, Hedgehog, and Hippo-YAP signaling, immunomicroenviroment and summarizes targeting therapy strategies for stemness maintenance and differentiation, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of treating breast cancer and preventing relapse derived from BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Kilanowska A, Ziółkowska A. Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes: Can It Be Prevented? Hippo Pathway Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:636. [PMID: 35054822 PMCID: PMC8775644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease of complex etiology and pathogenesis. Hyperglycemia leads to many serious complications, but also directly initiates the process of β cell apoptosis. A potential strategy for the preservation of pancreatic β cells in diabetes may be to inhibit the implementation of pro-apoptotic pathways or to enhance the action of pancreatic protective factors. The Hippo signaling pathway is proposed and selected as a target to manipulate the activity of its core proteins in therapy-basic research. MST1 and LATS2, as major upstream signaling kinases of the Hippo pathway, are considered as target candidates for pharmacologically induced tissue regeneration and inhibition of apoptosis. Manipulating the activity of components of the Hippo pathway offers a wide range of possibilities, and thus is a potential tool in the treatment of diabetes and the regeneration of β cells. Therefore, it is important to fully understand the processes involved in apoptosis in diabetic states and completely characterize the role of this pathway in diabetes. Therapy consisting of slowing down or stopping the mechanisms of apoptosis may be an important direction of diabetes treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kilanowska
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28, 65-001 Zielona Gora, Poland;
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Tsantilas P, Lao S, Wu Z, Eberhard A, Winski G, Vaerst M, Nanda V, Wang Y, Kojima Y, Ye J, Flores A, Jarr KU, Pelisek J, Eckstein HH, Matic L, Hedin U, Tsao PS, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L, Leeper NJ. Chitinase 3 like 1 is a regulator of smooth muscle cell physiology and atherosclerotic lesion stability. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2767-2780. [PMID: 33471078 PMCID: PMC8848327 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease underlies the majority of ischaemic strokes and is a major cause of death and disability. While plaque burden is a predictor of adverse outcomes, plaque vulnerability is increasingly recognized as a driver of lesion rupture and risk for clinical events. Defining the molecular regulators of carotid instability could inform the development of new biomarkers and/or translational targets for at-risk individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two independent human endarterectomy biobanks, we found that the understudied glycoprotein, chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1), is up-regulated in patients with carotid disease compared to healthy controls. Further, CHI3L1 levels were found to stratify individuals based on symptomatology and histopathological evidence of an unstable fibrous cap. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in cultured human carotid artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) showed that CHI3L1 prevents a number of maladaptive changes in that cell type, including phenotype switching towards a synthetic and hyperproliferative state. Using two murine models of carotid remodelling and lesion vulnerability, we found that knockdown of Chil1 resulted in larger neointimal lesions comprised by de-differentiated SMCs that failed to invest within and stabilize the fibrous cap. Exploratory mechanistic studies identified alterations in potential downstream regulatory genes, including large tumour suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2), which mediates macrophage marker and inflammatory cytokine expression on SMCs, and may explain how CHI3L1 modulates cellular plasticity. CONCLUSION CHI3L1 is up-regulated in humans with carotid artery disease and appears to be a strong mediator of plaque vulnerability. Mechanistic studies suggest this change may be a context-dependent adaptive response meant to maintain vascular SMCs in a differentiated state and to prevent rupture of the fibrous cap. Part of this effect may be mediated through downstream suppression of LATS2. Future studies should determine how these changes occur at the molecular level, and whether this gene can be targeted as a novel translational therapy for subjects at risk of stroke.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/enzymology
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/genetics
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Tsantilas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Shen Lao
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Eberhard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Monika Vaerst
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vivek Nanda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alyssa Flores
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Jarr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Xiao Y, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Cancer: A Cell Cycle Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246214. [PMID: 34944834 PMCID: PMC8699626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is increasingly viewed as a cell cycle disease in that the dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a common feature in cancer. The Hippo signaling pathway consists of a core kinase cascade as well as extended regulators, which together control organ size and tissue homeostasis. The aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators and/or Hippo pathway components contributes to cancer development, and for this reason, we specifically focus on delineating the roles of the Hippo pathway in the cell cycle. Improving our understanding of the Hippo pathway from a cell cycle perspective could be used as a powerful weapon in the cancer battlefield. Abstract Cell cycle progression is an elaborate process that requires stringent control for normal cellular function. Defects in cell cycle control, however, contribute to genomic instability and have become a characteristic phenomenon in cancers. Over the years, advancement in the understanding of disrupted cell cycle regulation in tumors has led to the development of powerful anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of cell cycle dysregulation in cancers could provide therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator network that controls organ size, and its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancers. Although the role of the Hippo pathway in oncogenesis has been widely investigated, its role in cell cycle regulation has not been comprehensively scrutinized. Here, we specifically focus on delineating the involvement of the Hippo pathway in cell cycle regulation. To that end, we first compare the structural as well as functional conservation of the core Hippo pathway in yeasts, flies, and mammals. Then, we detail the multi-faceted aspects in which the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and their regulators affect the cell cycle, particularly with regard to the regulation of E2F activity, the G1 tetraploidy checkpoint, DNA synthesis, DNA damage checkpoint, centrosome dynamics, and mitosis. Finally, we briefly discuss how a collective understanding of cell cycle regulation and the Hippo pathway could be weaponized in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +402-559-5596; Fax: +402-559-4651
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RRM2 Improves Cardiomyocyte Proliferation after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through the Hippo-YAP Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5089872. [PMID: 34868394 PMCID: PMC8639268 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5089872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) as an enzyme that catalyzes the deoxyreduction of nucleosides to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) has been extensively studied, and it plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation. However, its role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) is still unclear. Methods SD rats were used as the research object to detect the expression of RRM2 in the myocardium by constructing an I/RI model. At the same time, primary SD neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were extracted, and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment simulated the I/RI model. Using transfection technology to overexpress RRM2 in cardiomyocytes, quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of RRM2, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell viability, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect Ki67 and EdU-positive cells. Western blot (WB) technology was used to detect YAP and its phosphorylation expression. Results qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of RRM2 was inhibited in the model group, and cardiomyocytes overexpressing RRM2 can obviously promote the proliferation of primary cardiomyocytes and improve the damage of cardiac structure and function caused by I/R. At the same time, RRM2 can promote the increase of YAP protein expression and the increase of Cyclin D1 mRNA expression. Conclusion RRM2 expression was downregulated in myocardial tissue with I/R. After overexpression of RRM2, cardiomyocyte proliferation was upregulated and the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway was activated.
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Jiang Z, Xia W, Dai G, Zhang B, Li Y, Chen X. MicroRNA miR-4709-3p targets Large Tumor Suppressor Kinase 2 (LATS2) and induces obstructive renal fibrosis through Hippo signaling. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12357-12371. [PMID: 34931960 PMCID: PMC8810092 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive renal fibrosis is the consequence of abnormal extracellular matrix assembly, which eventually results in renal failure, acute, and end‑stage renal infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a particular category of small RNAs, modulate the expression of genes post-transcriptionally and regulate biological activities, including fibrogenesis. The study probed to estimate the key functions of miR-4709-3p in obstructive renal fibrosis. This investigation used TGF-β1 stimulated HK-2 in-vitro model, unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) mice model, and human Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) specimens to depict the abundance of the miR-4709-3p level using FISH and RT-qPCR. MiR-4709-3p mimics and inhibitors were utilized to evaluate the functions of miR-4709-3p in-vitro. Luciferase assay was exploited to verify miR-4709-3p and LATS2 3'UTR binding. Finally, to depict the functions of miR-4709-3p in-vivo, the UUO model was injected with miR-4709-3p inhibitors. Results exhibited the upregulation of miR-4709-3p in UUO-induced in-vivo model, TGF-β1 stimulated HK-2, and human RIF and DN samples. Moreover, it was determined that modulating miR-4709-3p regulated the level of fibrosis markers. Luciferase assay miR-4709-3p modulates renal fibrosis by targeting LATS2. Finally, it was found that miR-4709-3p regulates obstructive renal fibrosis through the Hippo signaling pathway. Overall, the study concludes that aberrant miR-4709-3p expression plays an essential function in the renal fibrosis progression, and miR-4709-3p overexpression could advance obstructive renal fibrosis via LATS2 targeting in Hippo signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-4709-3p inhibition may be a potential renal fibrosis therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiang Jiang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Guoyu Dai
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha City, China
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Identification of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Bladder Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:9935986. [PMID: 34824999 PMCID: PMC8610721 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9935986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence shows that circular RNA (circRNA) disorder is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the regulatory functions of most circRNAs in bladder cancer (BCa) remain unclear. This study was aimed at exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in BCa. We obtained four datasets of circRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and messenger (mRNA) expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas microarray databases and identified 434, 367, and 4799/4841 differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs, respectively. With these differentially expressed RNAs, we established a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA targeted interaction network. A total of 18, 24, and 51 central circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were identified, respectively. Among them, the top 10 mRNAs that had high connectivity with other circRNAs and miRNAs were regarded as hub genes. We detected the expression levels of these 10 mRNAs in 16 pairs of BCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The differentially expressed mRNAs and central mRNAs were enriched in the processes and pathways that are associated with the growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of tumor cells. The outstanding genes (CDCA4, GATA6, LATS2, RHOB, ZBTB4, and ZFPM2) also interacted with numerous drugs, indicating their potency as biomarkers and drug targets. The findings of this study provide a deep understanding of the circRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism in BCa pathogenesis.
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76
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Mao J, Qiu H, Guo L. LncRNA HCG11 mediated by METTL14 inhibits the growth of lung adenocarcinoma via IGF2BP2/LATS1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:74-80. [PMID: 34624573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common malignancy the pathogenesis of which is terribly complicated and remains largely unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of endogenous RNA molecules that are involved in various malignant processes. In this study, we explored the roles of lncRNA Human leukocyte antigen complex group 11 (HCG11) in LUAD. Our data revealed that lncRNA HCG11 expression was downregulated in LUAD, which was modulated by the hypermethylation of HCG11 promoter and Methyltransferase Like 14 (METTL14) mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. The m6A modification of HCG11 promoted its nuclear exportation and binding by Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 MRNA Binding Protein 2 (IGF2BP2), resulting in increased stability. HCG11 could recruit IGF2BP2 to target Large Tumor Suppressor Kinase 1 (LATS1) mRNA to enhance the stability and promote the expression of LATS1. HCG11 served as a tumor suppressor to restrain tumor growth in LUAD by regulating LATS1. In summary, this study demonstrated that HCG11 mediated by METTL14 inhibited the growth of lung adenocarcinoma via IGF2BP2/LATS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China
| | - Hailong Qiu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China
| | - Liling Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China.
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Astudillo P. An emergent Wnt5a/YAP/TAZ regulatory circuit and its possible role in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:45-54. [PMID: 34764023 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wnt5a is a ligand that plays several roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. A growing body of evidence indicates that Wnt5a is involved in cancer progression. Despite extensive research in this field, our knowledge about how Wnt5a is precisely involved in cancer is still incomplete. It is usually thought that certain combinations of Frizzled receptors and co-receptors might explain the observed effects of Wnt5a either as a tumor suppressor or by promoting migration and invasion. While accepting this 'receptor context' model, this review proposes that Wnt5a is integrated within a larger regulatory circuit involving β-catenin, YAP/TAZ, and LATS1/2. Remarkably, WNT5A and YAP1 are transcriptionally regulated by the Hippo and Wnt pathways, respectively, and might form a regulatory circuit acting through LATS kinases and secreted Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors, including Wnt5a itself. Therefore, understanding the precise role of Wnt5a and YAP in cancer requires a systems biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Astudillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhao C, Chen J, Liu Y, Ju S, Wang G, Wang X. Large tumor suppressor 2 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in colorectal cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11648-11661. [PMID: 34699318 PMCID: PMC8810027 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy that has both low 5-year survival and high prevalence. Immunotherapy has achieved impressive progress for treatment of CRC, but still faces huge challenges. Although large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) is well accepted to be related to cancer progression, the prognostic potential and immune response role of LATS2 expression in CRC remain unclear. To investigate the value of LATS2 for prognosis and immune infiltration, a retrospective study of 213 CRC patients was carried out. We determined the expression of LATS2 in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that LATS2 expression was down-regulated in CRC tissues and clearly related to tumor differentiation (P = 0.002) and TNM stage (P = 0.002). Low LATS2 expression and TNM stage were subsequently identified as significant independent predictors of prognosis in CRC by univariate and multivariate analyses. In Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, CRC patients with elevated LATS2 expression and early TNM stage had better overall survival. We further found that LATS2 was involved in the regulation of immune-related pathways and that its expression was positively related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells by GSEA, TIMER, and ssGSEA analyses. In summary, our data imply that LATS2 may act as a cancer suppressor gene and be correlated with clinical prognosis and immune infiltration in CRC. Thus, LATS2 may be applied as a novel biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and immune infiltration levels in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Sun X, Niu X, Qin N, Shan X, Zhao J, Ma C, Xu R, Mishra B. Novel insights into the regulation of LATS2 kinase in prehierarchical follicle development via the Hippo pathway in hen ovary. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101454. [PMID: 34649058 PMCID: PMC8517930 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The large tumor suppressor homolog 2 (LATS2), one of the central regulators of the Hippo/MST signaling pathway, plays an inhibitory role in ovarian function and different organ development and growth in mammals. However, the exact roles and molecular regulatory mechanisms of LATS2 in chicken granulosa cell (GC) proliferation, differentiation, and steroidogenesis required for ovarian follicle growth, development, and follicular selection remain poorly understood. This study demonstrated that the LATS2 protein was predominantly localized in the oocytes and undifferentiated GCs of various-sized prehierarchical follicles of the hen ovary. Expression levels of LATS2 mRNA were significantly higher in the smaller follicles (from 1 mm to 5.9 mm in diameter) and the GCs than in the larger follicles (6–6.9 mm in diameter up to F1). Moreover, we found that high levels of LATS2 suppressed the GC proliferation and the mRNA and protein expression of the genes serving as the biomarkers of follicle selection, GC differentiation, and steroidogenesis in the GCs, including FSHR, STAR, CYP11A1, ESR1, and ESR2. Interestingly, the LATS2 significantly downregulated SAV1 and YAP1 transcripts but upregulated the expression of STK3, STK4, TEAD1, and TEAD3 mRNA. Our study provided evidences that STK3/4-LATS2-YAP1 not only acts as a suppressor of cell proliferation and follicle selection but also LATS2 may serve as an enhancer in cell proliferation and follicle selection through the YAP1-LATS2 and the LATS2-STK3/4 feedback loops by promoting the expression of TEAD1/3 but inhibiting the expression of SAV1 transcripts in the prehierarchical follicle development of hen ovary. Taken together, the present study initially revealed the pivotal role and molecular mechanism of LATS2 in the regulation of hen prehierarchical follicle development by controlling GC proliferation, differentiation, steroidogenesis, and follicle selection via the Hippo/MST signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ning Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xuesong Shan
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chang Ma
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rifu Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Sun X, Qiu X. LncRNA TPTEP1 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting miR-761/LATS2 axis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8653-8669. [PMID: 34539985 PMCID: PMC8430104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly metastatic that can lead to high fatality rate. This study aimed at investigating the possible role of LncRNA TPTEP1 (TPTEP1) in NSCLC progression. METHODS Cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colony formation assays. Transwell and scratch assays were adopted to assess cellular metastasis. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect TPTEP1 expression transcriptionally and translationally, respectively. The dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used to identify the specific target relationships. RESULTS Compared with the normal adjacent tissues, the expressions of TPTEP1 and LATS2 were significantly down-regulated in the NSCLC tissues, while the expression of miR-761 was significantly increased. Overexpression of TPTEP1 exhibited substantial antitumor effects on NSCLC, including inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis, which was achieved by targeting miR-761 and subsequently attenuated the expression of LATS2. LATS2 was identified as a direct target of miR-761. Overexpression of miR-761 could significantly block the inhibitory effects of TPTEP1 on NSCLC, which clearly indicated that miR-761 played an oncogenic role in promoting proliferation and metastasis, while its downstream factor, LATS2, exerted opposite effects. CONCLUSION The study showed that TPTEP1 played an inhibitory role in cancer progression of NSCLC cells by regulating miR-761/LATS2 cascade, thereby highlighting the potential therapeutic significance of TPTEP1/miR-761/LATS2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Teaching and Research Section of Pathology, Inner Mongolia University for NationalitiesTongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Teaching and Research Section of Pathology, Inner Mongolia University for NationalitiesTongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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81
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Yuan T, Annamalai K, Naik S, Lupse B, Geravandi S, Pal A, Dobrowolski A, Ghawali J, Ruhlandt M, Gorrepati KDD, Azizi Z, Lim DS, Maedler K, Ardestani A. The Hippo kinase LATS2 impairs pancreatic β-cell survival in diabetes through the mTORC1-autophagy axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4928. [PMID: 34389720 PMCID: PMC8363615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes results from a decline in functional pancreatic β-cells, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological β-cell failure are poorly understood. Here we report that large-tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway, is activated under diabetic conditions and induces β-cell apoptosis and impaired function. LATS2 deficiency in β-cells and primary isolated human islets as well as β-cell specific LATS2 ablation in mice improves β-cell viability, insulin secretion and β-cell mass and ameliorates diabetes development. LATS2 activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a physiological suppressor of autophagy, in β-cells and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 counteracts the pro-apoptotic action of activated LATS2. We further show a direct interplay between Hippo and autophagy, in which LATS2 is an autophagy substrate. On the other hand, LATS2 regulates β-cell apoptosis triggered by impaired autophagy suggesting an existence of a stress-sensitive multicomponent cellular loop coordinating β-cell compensation and survival. Our data reveal an important role for LATS2 in pancreatic β-cell turnover and suggest LATS2 as a potential therapeutic target to improve pancreatic β-cell survival and function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shruti Naik
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anasua Pal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jaee Ghawali
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marina Ruhlandt
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Zahra Azizi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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82
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Hum M, Tan HJ, Yang Y, Srivastava S, Teh M, Lim YP. WBP2 promotes gastric cancer cell migration via novel targeting of LATS2 kinase in the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21290. [PMID: 33475198 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000393r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of signaling pathways is responsible for many human diseases. The lack of understanding of the molecular etiology of gastric cancer (GC) poses a substantial challenge to the development of effective cancer therapy. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of GC, which will facilitate the identification and development of effective therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes, mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics analysis was performed to map the global molecular changes in GC. A total of 530 proteins with altered phosphorylation levels were detected across a panel of 15 normal and GC cell lines. WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) was validated to be upregulated in a subset of GC cell lines. WBP2 is overexpressed in 61% cases of GC compared to non-cancer tissues and high WBP2 expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes. WBP2 was found to be required for GC cell migration but is dispensable for cell growth and proliferation. WBP2 knockdown increased p-LATS2 with a concomitant increase in p-YAP, resulting in the cytoplasmic retention of YAP and ultimately the inhibition of YAP/TEAD activity and downregulation of TEAD target genes--CTGF and CYR61. Importantly, the loss of LATS2 reversed the activation of Hippo pathway caused by WBP2 knockdown, indicating that WBP2 acts through LATS2 to exert its function on the Hippo pathway. Moreover, WBP2 interacted with LATS2 to inhibit its phosphorylation and activity. In conclusion, our study established a pivotal role for WBP2 in the promotion of GC cell migration via a novel mechanism that inactivates the Hippo pathway transducer LATS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hum
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hock Jin Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Pin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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83
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Sun T. Multi-scale modeling of hippo signaling identifies homeostatic control by YAP-LATS negative feedback. Biosystems 2021; 208:104475. [PMID: 34237349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling primarily includes LATS1/2 and YAP1. Recent work has demonstrated a novel negative feedback between YAP1 and LATS1/2. However, how YAP-LATS negative feedback regulates cancer progression remains elusive. We constructed a multi-scale model which integrates angiogenesis, spatiotemporal variation of microenvironmental factors and phenotypic switch of tumor cells. Our simulation replicated the findings that YAP overexpression markedly attenuated cell proliferation owing to elevated negative feedback strength. After disruption of YAP-LATS negative feedback loop, however, YAP overexpression would promote cell proliferation. Consistently, LATS overexpression inhibited cell growth and lowered the proliferation potential. We also employed a putative LATS agonist and identified its dose-dependent tumor suppressive effects. Furthermore, targeted delivery could more effectively inhibit tumor growth. Our model has reconciled experimental findings and implied that reconstruction of functional and/or hyperactivated YAP-LATS negative feedback might be a promising strategy to homeostatic maintenance and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, Anhui, China.
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84
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MicroRNA Sequences Modulated by Beta Cell Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060534. [PMID: 34203703 PMCID: PMC8232095 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism within beta cells and islets contributes to dysfunction and apoptosis of beta cells, leading to loss of insulin secretion and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of interest in understanding the landscape of gene expression which influences beta cell function, including the importance of small non-coding microRNA sequences in this context. This review sought to identify the microRNA sequences regulated by metabolic challenges in beta cells and islets, their targets, highlight their function and assess their possible relevance as biomarkers of disease progression in diabetic individuals. Predictive analysis was used to explore networks of genes targeted by these microRNA sequences, which may offer new therapeutic strategies to protect beta cell function and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
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85
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Kastan N, Gnedeva K, Alisch T, Petelski AA, Huggins DJ, Chiaravalli J, Aharanov A, Shakked A, Tzahor E, Nagiel A, Segil N, Hudspeth AJ. Small-molecule inhibition of Lats kinases may promote Yap-dependent proliferation in postmitotic mammalian tissues. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3100. [PMID: 34035288 PMCID: PMC8149661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that restricts growth and regeneration predominantly by suppressing the activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yap. Using a high-throughput phenotypic screen, we identified a potent and non-toxic activator of Yap. In vitro kinase assays show that the compound acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Lats kinases-the core enzymes in Hippo signaling. The substance prevents Yap phosphorylation and induces proliferation of supporting cells in the murine inner ear, murine cardiomyocytes, and human Müller glia in retinal organoids. RNA sequencing indicates that the inhibitor reversibly activates the expression of transcriptional Yap targets: upon withdrawal, a subset of supporting-cell progeny exits the cell cycle and upregulates genes characteristic of sensory hair cells. Our results suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of Lats kinases may promote initial stages of the proliferative regeneration of hair cells, a process thought to be permanently suppressed in the adult mammalian inner ear.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Ependymoglial Cells/cytology
- Ependymoglial Cells/drug effects
- Ependymoglial Cells/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Kastan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ksenia Gnedeva
- Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA.
| | - Theresa Alisch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra A Petelski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Huggins
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanne Chiaravalli
- High-Throughput Screening Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alla Aharanov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avraham Shakked
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aaron Nagiel
- Department of Surgery Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Vision Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Segil
- Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA, USA
| | - A J Hudspeth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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86
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Hidden Targets in RAF Signalling Pathways to Block Oncogenic RAS Signalling. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040553. [PMID: 33920182 PMCID: PMC8070103 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS (Rat sarcoma) mutations drive more than half of human cancers, and RAS inhibition is the holy grail of oncology. Thirty years of relentless efforts and harsh disappointments have taught us about the intricacies of oncogenic RAS signalling that allow us to now get a pharmacological grip on this elusive protein. The inhibition of effector pathways, such as the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, has largely proven disappointing. Thus far, most of these efforts were aimed at blocking the activation of ERK. Here, we discuss RAF-dependent pathways that are regulated through RAF functions independent of catalytic activity and their potential role as targets to block oncogenic RAS signalling. We focus on the now well documented roles of RAF kinase-independent functions in apoptosis, cell cycle progression and cell migration.
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87
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Hauck L, Dadson K, Chauhan S, Grothe D, Billia F. Inhibiting the Pkm2/b-catenin axis drives in vivo replication of adult cardiomyocytes following experimental MI. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1398-1417. [PMID: 33288902 PMCID: PMC8027412 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CM) are postmitotic, differentiated cells that cannot re-enter the cell cycle after any appreciable injury. Therefore, understanding the factors required to induce CM proliferation for repair is of great clinical importance. While expression of muscle pyruvate kinase 2 (Pkm2), a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the final step in glycolysis, is high in end-stage heart failure (HF), the loss of Pkm2 promotes proliferation in some cellular systems, in vivo. We hypothesized that in the adult heart CM proliferation may require low Pkm2 activity. Thus, we investigated the potential for Pkm2 to regulate CM proliferation in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) employing inducible, cardiac-specific Pkm2 gene knockout (Pkm2KOi) mice. We found a lack of cardiac hypertrophy or expression of the fetal gene program in Pkm2KOi mice post MI, as compared to vehicle control animals (P < 0.01), correlating with smaller infarct size, improved mitochondrial (mt) function, enhanced angiogenesis, reduced degree of CM apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress post MI. There was significantly higher numbers of dividing CM in the infarct zone between 3-9 days post MI (P < 0.001). Mechanistically, we determined that Pkm2 interacts with β-catenin (Ctnnb1) in the cytoplasm of CM, inhibiting Ctnnb1 phosphorylation at serine 552 and tyrosine 333, by Akt. In the absence of Pkm2, Ctnnb1 translocates to the nucleus leading to transcriptional activation of proliferation-associated target genes. All these effects are abrogated by genetic co-deletion of Pkm2 and Ctnnb1. Collectively, this work supports a novel antiproliferative function for Pkm2 in CM through the sequestration of Ctnnb1 in the cytoplasm of CM whereas loss of Pkm2 is essential for CM proliferation. Reducing cardiac Pkm2 expression may provide a useful strategy for cardiac repair after MI in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Hauck
- Toronto General Research Institute, 100 College St., M5G 1L7, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Dadson
- Toronto General Research Institute, 100 College St., M5G 1L7, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shelly Chauhan
- Toronto General Research Institute, 100 College St., M5G 1L7, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniela Grothe
- Toronto General Research Institute, 100 College St., M5G 1L7, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Filio Billia
- Toronto General Research Institute, 100 College St., M5G 1L7, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network (UHN), 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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88
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Broit N, Johansson PA, Rodgers CB, Walpole ST, Newell F, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Genomics of Mucosal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:991-1004. [PMID: 33707307 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma. To date, there has been no comprehensive systematic collation and statistical analysis of the aberrations and aggregated frequency of driver events across multiple studies. Published studies using whole genome, whole exome, targeted gene panel, or individual gene sequencing were identified. Datasets from these studies were collated to summarize mutations, structural variants, and regions of copy-number alteration. Studies using next-generation sequencing were divided into the "main" cohort (n = 173; fresh-frozen samples), "validation" cohort (n = 48; formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples) and a second "validation" cohort comprised 104 tumors sequenced using a targeted panel. Studies assessing mutations in BRAF, KIT, and NRAS were summarized to assess hotspot mutations. Statistical analysis of the main cohort variant data revealed KIT, NF1, BRAF, NRAS, SF3B1, and SPRED1 as significantly mutated genes. ATRX and SF3B1 mutations occurred more commonly in lower anatomy melanomas and CTNNB1 in the upper anatomy. NF1, PTEN, CDKN2A, SPRED1, ATM, CHEK2, and ARID1B were commonly affected by chromosomal copy loss, while TERT, KIT, BRAF, YAP1, CDK4, CCND1, GAB2, MDM2, SKP2, and MITF were commonly amplified. Further notable genomic alterations occurring at lower frequencies indicated commonality of signaling networks in tumorigenesis, including MAPK, PI3K, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, cell cycle, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance pathways. This analysis identified genomic aberrations that provide some insight to the way in which specific pathways may be disrupted. IMPLICATIONS: Our analysis has shown that mucosal melanomas have a diverse range of genomic alterations in several biological pathways. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/6/991/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chloe B Rodgers
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | | | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Department of Genetics and Immunology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
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89
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MAGI1 inhibits the AMOTL2/p38 stress pathway and prevents luminal breast tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5752. [PMID: 33707576 PMCID: PMC7952706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations to cell polarization or to intercellular junctions are often associated with epithelial cancer progression, including breast cancers (BCa). We show here that the loss of the junctional scaffold protein MAGI1 is associated with bad prognosis in luminal BCa, and promotes tumorigenesis. E-cadherin and the actin binding scaffold AMOTL2 accumulate in MAGI1 deficient cells which are subjected to increased stiffness. These alterations are associated with low YAP activity, the terminal Hippo-pathway effector, but with an elevated ROCK and p38 Stress Activated Protein Kinase activities. Blocking ROCK prevented p38 activation, suggesting that MAGI1 limits p38 activity in part through releasing actin strength. Importantly, the increased tumorigenicity of MAGI1 deficient cells is rescued in the absence of AMOTL2 or after inhibition of p38, demonstrating that MAGI1 acts as a tumor-suppressor in luminal BCa by inhibiting an AMOTL2/p38 stress pathway.
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90
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Goel H, Mathur R, Syeda S, Shrivastava A, Jha AK. Promoter Hypermethylation of LATS1 Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) among North Indian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:977-982. [PMID: 33773564 PMCID: PMC8286665 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.3.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LATS1 (Large Tumor Suppressor, isoform 1) is a gene that forms a complex with the cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK1, and regulates cell cycle progression. Genetic modifications lead to a loss in the activity of LATS1 gene. OSCC is the most commonly emerging cancer caused by genetic as well as epigenetic changes. Epigenetics changes vary from one population to another because these are influenced by dietary factors and environmental factors. Tobacco chewing and smoking has been reported as major risk factors in OSCC. No report was found in the previous literature showing promoter hypermethylation of LATS1 gene. METHODS A total of 50 OSCC patients and 20 normal individuals were recruited in this study. Blood samples (50) from OSCC patients and blood samples (20) from healthy individuals as controls were used in the present study. Isolation of genomic DNA was carried out from blood using the standard phenol-chloroform extraction. Further Isolated DNA was modified with sodium bisulfite using the agarose bead method and finally, the methylation studies of LATS1 gene were carried out using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP-PCR). RESULTS 19 out of 50 patients (38.0%) were found to be methylated for LATS1 gene.; a statistically significant result was obtained (p -value= < 0.05) with an odds ratio of 0.37 in cases compared to controls. The status of methylation of LATS1 genes was also found to be statistically significantly associated with smokers and tobacco chewers (p-value = < 0.05). The methylation of LATS1 gene showed a significant risk of developing OSCC in patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the LATS1 gene may provide a better alternative as a diagnostic biomarker. This is the first report on the promoter hypermethylation of LATS1 gene in OSCC patients among the North Indian population.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Medicines and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Runjhun Mathur
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, Delhi University, India
| | | | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Medicines and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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91
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Wu Y, Li M, Lin J, Hu C. Hippo/TEAD4 signaling pathway as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 33692845 PMCID: PMC7933775 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. The Hippo signaling pathway is strongly associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and resistance to breast cancer treatment. The upstream factors involved in the Hippo signaling pathway, including mammalian Ste20 kinases 1/2, large tumor suppressor kinases 1/2 and transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), have been extensively studied as they are considered therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that the transcriptional enhancer factor domain (TEAD) family of transcription factors, particularly TEAD4, plays an important role in breast cancer. TEADs interact with YAP/TAZ to act as transcription factors. Notably, recent studies have demonstrated that TEAD4 may also function in a YAP/TAZ-independent manner and serve as a prognostic marker for breast cancer. The present review summarizes the current research on the effect of the aberrant activation of the Hippo signaling pathway on breast cancer progression. Furthermore, the latest advances on the role of the TEAD family in breast cancer are highlighted, and the role of TEAD4 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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92
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression of Key Genes Related to Hippo Signaling and Their Prognosis Impact in Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020344. [PMID: 33669647 PMCID: PMC7922135 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway, one of the most conserved in humans, controlling dimensions of organs and tumor growth, is frequently deregulated in several human malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OC). The alteration of Hippo signaling has been reported to contribute to ovarian carcinogenesis and progression. However, the prognostic roles of individual Hippo genes in OC patients remain elusive. Herein we investigated the expression level and prognostic value of key Hippo genes in OC using online databases, followed by a qRT-PCR validation step in an additional patient cohort. Using the GEPIA database, we observed an increased level for TP53 and reduced expression level for LATS1, LATS2, MST1, TAZ, and TEF in tumor tissue versus normal adjacent tissue. Moreover, LATS1, LATS2, TP53, TAZ, and TEF expression levels have prognostic significance correlated with progression-free survival. The qRT-PCR validation step was conducted in an OC patient cohort comprising 29 tumor tissues and 20 normal adjacent tissues, endorsing the expression level for LATS1, LATS2, and TP53, as well as for two of the miRNAs targeting the TP53 gene, revealing miR-25-3p upregulation and miR-181c-5p downregulation. These results display that there are critical prognostic value dysregulations of the Hippo genes in OC. Our data demonstrate the major role the conserved Hippo pathway presents in tumor control, underlying potential therapeutic strategies and controlling several steps modulated by miRNAs and their target genes that could limit ovarian cancer progression.
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93
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Chi Y, Zheng W, Bao G, Wu L, He X, Gan R, Shen Y, Yin X, Jin M. Circular RNA circ_103820 suppresses lung cancer tumorigenesis by sponging miR-200b-3p to release LATS2 and SOCS6. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:185. [PMID: 33589592 PMCID: PMC7884777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified and verified in several cancers. However, highly efficient therapeutic methods based on circRNAs in lung cancer remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we identified a novel circular RNA, hsa_circ_103820, based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data. Functionally, overexpression of hsa_circ_103820 showed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, and knockdown of hsa_circ_103820 played promoting roles. Regarding the mechanism, we revealed that miR-200b-3p was a direct target of hsa_circ_103820 and that LATS2 and SOCS6 were the downstream target genes of miR-200b-3p. Therefore, we identified a novel potential tumor suppressive function of hsa_circ_103820 in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Chi
- Medical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Wenlong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Medical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Ruyi Gan
- Medical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Medical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Xudong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Mingming Jin
- Medical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China.
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94
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Feltri ML, Weaver MR, Belin S, Poitelon Y. The Hippo pathway: Horizons for innovative treatments of peripheral nerve diseases. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:4-16. [PMID: 33449435 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified in Drosophila, the Hippo signaling pathway regulates how cells respond to their environment by controlling proliferation, migration and differentiation. Many recent studies have focused on characterizing Hippo pathway function and regulation in mammalian cells. Here, we present a brief overview of the major components of the Hippo pathway, as well as their regulation and function. We comprehensively review the studies that have contributed to our understanding of the Hippo pathway in the function of the peripheral nervous system and in peripheral nerve diseases. Finally, we discuss innovative approaches that aim to modulate Hippo pathway components in diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael R Weaver
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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95
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Tan S, Zhao Z, Qiao Y, Zhang B, Zhang T, Zhang M, Qi J, Wang X, Meng M, Zhou Q. Activation of the tumor suppressive Hippo pathway by triptonide as a new strategy to potently inhibit aggressive melanoma cell metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114423. [PMID: 33476574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma has a very high mortality rate despite the availability of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy; therefore, more effective therapeutics are needed. The Hippo pathway plays an inhibitory role in melanoma progression, but the tumor suppressors Salvador homolog-1 (SAV1) and large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) in this pathway are down-regulated in melanoma. As a result, the downstream oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP) is active, resulting in uncontrolled melanoma growth and metastasis. Therapeutics for remedying SAV1 and LATS1 deficiency in melanoma have not yet been reported in the literature. Here, we show that the small molecule triptonide (MW 358 Da) robustly suppressed melanoma cell tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, triptonide markedly reduced tumor growth and melanoma lung metastasis in tumor-bearing mice with low toxicity. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that triptonide promoted SAV1 and LATS1 expression, strongly activated the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, degraded oncogenic YAP via the lysosomal pathway, and reduced levels of tumorigenic microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanoma cells. Triptonide also strongly inhibited activation of AKT, a SAV1-binding signaling protein. Collectively, our results conceptually demonstrate that induction of SAV1 and LATS1 expression and activation of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway by triptonide potently inhibits aggressive melanoma cell growth and metastasis. These findings suggest a new strategy for developing therapeutics to treat metastatic melanoma and highlight a novel drug candidate against aggressive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Tan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yingnan Qiao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jindan Qi
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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96
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Zeng R, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Drug Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020318. [PMID: 33467099 PMCID: PMC7830227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although great breakthroughs have been made in cancer treatment following the development of targeted therapy and immune therapy, resistance against anti-cancer drugs remains one of the most challenging conundrums. Considerable effort has been made to discover the underlying mechanisms through which malignant tumor cells acquire or develop resistance to anti-cancer treatment. The Hippo signaling pathway appears to play an important role in this process. This review focuses on how components in the human Hippo signaling pathway contribute to drug resistance in a variety of cancer types. This article also summarizes current pharmacological interventions that are able to target the Hippo signaling pathway and serve as potential anti-cancer therapeutics. Abstract Chemotherapy represents one of the most efficacious strategies to treat cancer patients, bringing advantageous changes at least temporarily even to those patients with incurable malignancies. However, most patients respond poorly after a certain number of cycles of treatment due to the development of drug resistance. Resistance to drugs administrated to cancer patients greatly limits the benefits that patients can achieve and continues to be a severe clinical difficulty. Among the mechanisms which have been uncovered to mediate anti-cancer drug resistance, the Hippo signaling pathway is gaining increasing attention due to the remarkable oncogenic activities of its components (for example, YAP and TAZ) and their druggable properties. This review will highlight current understanding of how the Hippo signaling pathway regulates anti-cancer drug resistance in tumor cells, and currently available pharmacological interventions targeting the Hippo pathway to eradicate malignant cells and potentially treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-5596; Fax: +1-402-559-4651
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97
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Abe RJ, Savage H, Imanishi M, Banerjee P, Kotla S, Paez-Mayorga J, Taunton J, Fujiwara K, Won JH, Yusuf SW, Palaskas NL, Banchs J, Lin SH, Schadler KL, Abe JI, Le NT. p90RSK-MAGI1 Module Controls Endothelial Permeability by Post-translational Modifications of MAGI1 and Hippo Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:542485. [PMID: 33304925 PMCID: PMC7693647 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.542485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of MAGI1, including S741 phosphorylation and K931 de-SUMOylation, both of which are regulated by p90RSK activation, lead to endothelial cell (EC) activation. However, roles for p90RSK and MAGI1-PTMs in regulating EC permeability remain unclear despite MAGI1 being a junctional molecule. Here, we show that thrombin (Thb)-induced EC permeability, detected by the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) based system, was decreased by overexpression of dominant negative p90RSK or a MAGI1-S741A phosphorylation mutant, but was accelerated by overexpression of p90RSK, siRNA-mediated knockdown of magi1, or the MAGI1-K931R SUMOylation mutant. MAGI1 depletion also increased the mRNA and protein expression of the large tumor suppressor kinases 1 and 2 (LATS1/2), which inhibited YAP/TAZ activity and increased EC permeability. Because the endothelial barrier is a critical mediator of tumor hypoxia, we also evaluated the role of p90RSK activation in tumor vessel leakiness by using a relatively low dose of the p90RSK specific inhibitor, FMK-MEA. FMK-MEA significantly inhibited tumor vessel leakiness at a dose that does not affect morphology and growth of tumor vessels in vivo. These results provide novel insights into crucial roles for p90RSK-mediated MAGI1 PTMs and the Hippo pathway in EC permeability, as well as p90RSK activation in tumor vessel leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei J Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hannah Savage
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jesus Paez-Mayorga
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jong Hak Won
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jose Banchs
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keri L Schadler
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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98
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Li J, Xue J, Ling M, Sun J, Xiao T, Dai X, Sun Q, Cheng C, Xia H, Wei Y, Chen F, Liu Q. MicroRNA-15b in extracellular vesicles from arsenite-treated macrophages promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinomas by blocking the LATS1-mediated Hippo pathway. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:137-153. [PMID: 33080309 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a human carcinogen, causes various human cancers, including those of the skin, lung, and liver. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which have high mortality, are common malignancies worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are considered to be similar to M2-polarized macrophages, promote tumor invasion and progression. Small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) regulate expression of genes involved in progression of various malignancies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as mediators of cell communication, pass specific miRNAs directly from TAMs to tumor cells, promoting tumor pathogenesis and metastasis. In HCCs, large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), functions as a tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanism by which miRNA modulates LATS1 expression in HCCs remains unclear. The results show that exposure to arsenite, increased miR-15b levels and induced M2 polarization of THP-1 cells. Elevated levels of miR-15b were transferred from arsenite-treated-THP-1 (As-THP-1) cells to HCC cells via miR-15b in EVs inhibited activation of the Hippo pathway by targeting LATS1, and was involved in promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. In conclusion, miR-15b in EVs from As-THP-1 cells is transferred to HCC cells, in which it targets and downregulates LATS1 expression and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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99
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Landry NM, Dixon IMC. Fibroblast mechanosensing, SKI and Hippo signaling and the cardiac fibroblast phenotype: Looking beyond TGF-β. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109802. [PMID: 33017619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast activation to hyper-synthetic myofibroblasts following a pathological stimulus or in response to a substrate with increased stiffness may be a key tipping point for the evolution of cardiac fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis per se is associated with progressive loss of heart pump function and is a primary contributor to heart failure. While TGF-β is a common cytokine stimulus associated with fibroblast activation, a druggable target to quell this driver of fibrosis has remained an elusive therapeutic goal due to its ubiquitous use by different cell types and also in the signaling complexity associated with SMADs and other effector pathways. More recently, mechanical stimulus of fibroblastic cells has been revealed as a major point of activation; this includes cardiac fibroblasts. Further, the complexity of TGF-β signaling has been offset by the discovery of members of the SKI family of proteins and their inherent anti-fibrotic properties. In this respect, SKI is a protein that may bind a number of TGF-β associated proteins including SMADs, as well as signaling proteins from other pathways, including Hippo. As SKI is also known to directly deactivate cardiac myofibroblasts to fibroblasts, this mode of action is a putative candidate for further study into the amelioration of cardiac fibrosis. Herein we provide a synthesis of this topic and highlight novel candidate pathways to explore in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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100
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Vriend J, Rastegar M. Ubiquitin ligases and medulloblastoma: genetic markers of the four consensus subgroups identified through transcriptome datasets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165839. [PMID: 32445667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system regulates key cellular processes in normal and in cancer cells. Herein, we review published data on the role of ubiquitin ligases in the four major subgroups of medulloblastoma (MB). While conventional literature serves as an initial source of information on cellular pathways in MB, large publicly available datasets of gene expression can be used to add information not previously identified in the literature. By analysing the publicly available Cavalli dataset, we show that increased expression of ZNRF3 characterizes the WNT subgroup of MB. The ZNRF3 gene codes for an E3 ligase associated with WNT receptors. Loss of a copy of chromosome 6 in a subtype of the WNT group was associated with decreased expression of the gene encoding the E3 ligase RNF146. While the E3 ligase SMURF regulates SHH receptors, increased expression of the gene encoding the Cullin Ring E3 adaptor PPP2R2C was statistically a better genetic marker of the SHH group. Genes whose expression was statistically strongly related to Group 3 included the E3 ligase gene TRIM58, and the gene for the E3 ligase adaptor, PPP2R2B. Group 4 MB was associated with expression of genes encoding several E3 ligases and E3 ligase adaptors involved in ribosome biogenesis. Increased expression of the genes encoding the E3 ligase adaptors and transcription repressors ZBTB18 and ZBTB38 were also noted in subgroup 4. These data suggest that several E3 ligases and their adaptors should be investigated as therapeutic targets for subgroup specific MB brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
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