51
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Joalland N, Lafrance L, Oullier T, Marionneau-Lambot S, Loussouarn D, Jarry U, Scotet E. Combined chemotherapy and allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocyte-immunotherapies efficiently control the development of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1649971. [PMID: 31646097 PMCID: PMC6791416 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1649971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) represents 5% of human gynecologic cancers in the world, is heterogeneous and highly invasive with a dismal prognosis (5 year-survival rate <35%). Diagnosis of EOC is frequently made at advanced stages and, despite aggressive treatments combining surgery and chemotherapy, fatal relapse rapidly occurs and is accompanied by a peritoneal carcinosis. In this context, novel therapeutical advances are urgently required. Adoptive transfer(s) of immune effector cells, including allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, represent attractive targets for efficiently and safely tracking tissue-invading tumor cells and controlling tumor dissemination in the organism. Our study describes the establishment of robust and physiological orthotopic model of human EOC in mouse, that includes surgical resection (ovariectomy) and chemotherapy, which are ineluctably accompanied by a fatal peritoneal carcinosis recurrence. Through a complementary set of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we provide here a preclinical proof of interest of the antitumor efficiency of adoptive transfers of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes against EOC, in association with surgical debulking and standard chemotherapies (i.e., taxanes and platinum salts). Moreover, our results indicate that chemo- and immunotherapies can be combined to improve the antitumor efficiency of immunotherapeutic lines. Altogether, these results further pave the way for next-generation antitumor immunotherapies, based on local administrations of human allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, in association with standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Joalland
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Laura Lafrance
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Delphine Loussouarn
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ulrich Jarry
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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52
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Silva-Santos B, Mensurado S, Coffelt SB. γδ T cells: pleiotropic immune effectors with therapeutic potential in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:392-404. [PMID: 31209264 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The potential of cancer immunotherapy relies on the mobilization of immune cells capable of producing antitumour cytokines and effectively killing tumour cells. These are major attributes of γδ T cells, a lymphoid lineage that is often underestimated despite its major role in tumour immune surveillance, which has been established in a variety of preclinical cancer models. This situation notwithstanding, in particular instances the tumour microenvironment seemingly mobilizes γδ T cells with immunosuppressive or tumour-promoting functions, thus emphasizing the importance of regulating γδ T cell responses in order to realize their translation into effective cancer immunotherapies. In this Review we outline both seminal work and recent advances in our understanding of how γδ T cells participate in tumour immunity and how their functions are regulated in experimental models of cancer. We also discuss the current strategies aimed at maximizing the therapeutic potential of human γδ T cells, on the eve of their exploration in cancer clinical trials that may position them as key players in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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53
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Lo Presti E, Corsale AM, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. γδ cell-based immunotherapy for cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:887-895. [PMID: 31220420 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1634050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer immunotherapy relies on the development of an efficient and long-lasting anti-tumor response, generally mediated by cytotoxic T cells. γδ T cells possess distinctive features that justify their use in cancer immunotherapy. Areas covered: Here we will review our current knowledge on the functions of human γδ T cells that may be relevant in tumor immunity and the most recent advances in our understanding of how these functions are regulated in the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss the major achievements and limitations of γδ T cell-based immunotherapy of cancer. Expert opinion: Several small-scale clinical trials have been conducted in cancer patients using either in vivo activation of γδ T cells or adoptive transfer of ex vivo-expanded γδ T cells. Both strategies are safe and give some clinical benefit to patients, thus providing a proof of principle for their utilization in addition to conventional therapies. However, low objective response rates have been obtained in both settings and therefore larger and well-controlled trials are needed. Discovering the factors which influence the success of γδ T cell-based immunotherapy will lead to a better understanding of their mechanism of action and to harness these cells for effective and durable anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- a Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,b Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- a Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,b Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- a Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,b Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- a Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,b Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
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54
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Li B, Wang S, Chen T, Ye Z. Innate Immune Cells: A Potential and Promising Cell Population for Treating Osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1114. [PMID: 31156651 PMCID: PMC6531991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced, recurrent, or metastasized osteosarcomas remain challenging to cure or even alleviate. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved in recent years, with options including adoptive cellular therapy, vaccination, and checkpoint inhibitors. As such, immunotherapy is becoming a potential strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Innate immunocytes, the first line of defense in the immune system and the bridge to adaptive immunity, are one of the vital effector cell subpopulations in cancer immunotherapy. Innate immune cell-based therapy has shown potent antitumor activity against hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Importantly, some immune checkpoints are expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, modulating their functions in tumor immunity. Therefore, blocking or activating immune checkpoint-mediated downstream signaling pathways can improve the therapeutic effects of innate immune cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current status and future prospects of innate immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma, with a focus on the potential synergistic effects of combination therapy involving innate immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors/oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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55
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Lee M, Park C, Woo J, Kim J, Kho I, Nam DH, Park WY, Kim YS, Kong DS, Lee HW, Kim TJ. Preferential Infiltration of Unique Vγ9Jγ2-Vδ2 T Cells Into Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Immunol 2019; 10:555. [PMID: 30967876 PMCID: PMC6440384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is clinically highly aggressive as a result of evolutionary dynamics induced by cross-talk between cancer cells and a heterogeneous group of immune cells in tumor microenvironment. The brain harbors limited numbers of immune cells with few lymphocytes and macrophages; thus, innate-like lymphocytes, such as γδ T cells, have important roles in antitumor immunity. Here, we characterized GBM-infiltrating γδ T cells, which may have roles in regulating the GBM tumor microenvironment and cancer cell gene expression. V(D)J repertoires of tumor-infiltrating and blood-circulating γδ T cells from four patients were analyzed by next-generation sequencing-based T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing in addition to mutation and immune profiles in four GBM cases. In all tumor tissues, abundant innate and effector/memory lymphocytes were detected, accompanied by large numbers of tumor-associated macrophages and closely located tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells, which appear to have anti-tumor activity. The immune-related gene expression analysis using the TCGA database showed that the signature gene expression extent of γδ T cells were more associated with those of cytotoxic T and Th1 cells and M1 macrophages than those of Th2 cells and M2 macrophages. Although the most abundant γδ T cells were Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in both tumor tissues and blood, the repertoire of intratumoral Vγ9Vδ2 T cells was distinct from that of peripheral blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and was dominated by Vγ9Jγ2 sequences, not by canonical Vγ9JγP sequences that are mostly commonly found in blood γδ T cells. Collectively, unique GBM-specific TCR clonotypes were identified by comparing TCR repertoires of peripheral blood and intra-tumoral γδ T cells. These findings will be helpful for the elucidation of tumor-specific antigens and development of anticancer immunotherapies using tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijeong Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inseong Kho
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Soo Kim
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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56
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Expansion and Adoptive Transfer of Human Vδ2 + T Cells to Assess Antitumor Effects In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1884:57-72. [PMID: 30465195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have yielded promising results suggesting that γδ T cell62-based immunotherapies can be effective against hematological malignancies. Human T cells expressing Vγ9Vδ2+ receptors are particularly attractive candidates for this application, since they can be readily expanded in vitro in large quantities for adoptive transfer and do not require HLA-matching of donors and recipients. While it is well established that Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells are potently cytolytic against many human cancers and it has been shown that they can control transplanted human tumors in xenogeneic model systems, little is known about the parameters that determine the antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells in physiologically relevant scenarios. In particular, it may be important to separate their immunosurveillance functions from those employed in the context of an established tumor. Moreover, it is critical to understand how the presence of an immunosuppressive environment, such as one where tumor-infiltrating T cells are held in check by inhibitory ligands, affects the functions of Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells. This chapter describes how to establish Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) within immunodeficient mice, so as to drive the in vivo formation of human B cell lymphomas that contain an immunosuppressive environment. Details are provided on how to expand human Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), administer them to the mice, and evaluate tumors and other tissues.
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57
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Rossi C, Gravelle P, Decaup E, Bordenave J, Poupot M, Tosolini M, Franchini DM, Laurent C, Morin R, Lagarde JM, Ysebaert L, Ligat L, Jean C, Savina A, Klein C, Céspedes AM, Perez-Galan P, Fournié JJ, Bezombes C. Boosting γδ T cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by PD-1 blockade in follicular lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:1554175. [PMID: 30723586 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1554175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common non Hodgkin's lymphoma subtype in which immune escape mechanisms are implicated in resistance to chemo-immunotherapy. Although molecular studies point to qualitative and quantitative deregulation of immune checkpoints, in depth cellular analysis of FL immune escape is lacking. Here, by functional assays and in silico analyses we show that a subset of FL patients displays a 'high' immune escape phenotype. These FL cases are characterized by abundant infiltration of PD1+ CD16+ TCRVγ9Vδ2 γδ T lymphocytes. In a 3D co-culture assay (MALC), γδ T cells mediate both direct and indirect (ADCC in the presence of anti-CD20 mAbs) cytolytic activity against FL cell aggregates. Importantly, PD-1, which is expressed by most FL-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes with ADCC capacity, impairs these functions. In conclusion, we identify a PD1-regulated γδ T cell cytolytic immune component in FL. Our data provide a treatment rational by PD-1 blockade aimed at boosting γδ T cell anti-tumor functions in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rossi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France.,CHU Dijon, Hématologie clinique, Hôpital François Mitterand, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Gravelle
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Decaup
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Bordenave
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Don-Marc Franchini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Department of Hematology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Jean
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alba Matas Céspedes
- Hematology-Oncology department, IDIBAPS, Center Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Perez-Galan
- Hematology-Oncology department, IDIBAPS, Center Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christine Bezombes
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.,Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France.,CALYM Carnot Institute, Pierre-Bénite, France
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58
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Gu S, Borowska MT, Boughter CT, Adams EJ. Butyrophilin3A proteins and Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 84:65-74. [PMID: 29471037 PMCID: PMC6129423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite playing critical roles in the immune response and having significant potential in immunotherapy, γδ T cells have garnered little of the limelight. One major reason for this paradox is that their antigen recognition mechanisms are largely unknown, limiting our understanding of their biology and our potential to modulate their activity. One of the best-studied γδ subsets is the human Vγ9Vδ2T cell population, which predominates in peripheral blood and can combat both microbial infections and cancers. Although it has been known for decades that Vγ9Vδ2T cells respond to the presence of small pyrophosphate-based metabolites, collectively named phosphoantigens (pAgs), derived from microbial sources or malignant cells, the molecular basis for this response has been unclear. A major breakthrough in this area came with the identification of the Butyrophilin 3A (BTN3A) proteins, members of the Butyrophilin/Butyrophilin-like protein family, as mediators between pAgs and Vγ9Vδ2T cells. In this article, we review the most recent studies regarding pAg activation of human Vγ9Vδ2T cells, mainly focusing on the role of BTN3A as the pAg sensing molecule, as well as its potential impact on downstream events of the activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marta T Borowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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59
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Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ. A power law function describes the time- and dose-dependency of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by phosphoantigens. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:298-304. [PMID: 30391478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoantigens stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells after binding to BTN3A1 in target cells and cell-cell contact. We evaluated phosphoantigens including diphosphates, bisphosphonates, and prodrugs for ability to induce leukemia cells to stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cell interferon-γ secretion. Most compounds displayed time-dependent activity at exposure times between 15 and 240 min. Potency (EC50 values) ranged between 8.4 nM and >100 µM. The diphosphate C-HMBPP displayed a shallow dose-response slope (Hill slope = 0.71), while the bisphosphonate slopes were steep (Hill slopes > 2), and the prodrugs intermediate. The bis-acyloxyalkyl POM2-C-HMBP showed low nanomolar potency even at an exposure time of 1 min. Mixed aryl-POM prodrugs also retained excellent potency at 15 min, while aryl-amidates were time dependent below 240 min. The sum of the dose and time logarithms is often constant, while a power law function fits most compounds. Collectively, these findings illustrate the exquisite activity of prodrugs relative to diphosphates and bisphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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60
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Simões C, Silva I, Carvalho A, Silva S, Santos S, Marques G, Ribeiro A, Roque A, Carda J, Sarmento‐Ribeiro A, Domingues MDR, Ribeiro L, Paiva A. Quantification and phenotypic characterization of peripheral blood Vδ1 + T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 96:164-168. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Simões
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional de Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Isabel Silva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional de Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Anabela Carvalho
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional de Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional de Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Susana Santos
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional de Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Gilberto Marques
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - André Ribeiro
- Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Adriana Roque
- Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - José Carda
- Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculdade de Medicina Coimbra Portugal
| | - A.B. Sarmento‐Ribeiro
- Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculdade de Medicina Coimbra Portugal
| | | | - Letícia Ribeiro
- Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional de Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculdade de Medicina Coimbra Portugal
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61
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Sawaisorn P, Tangchaikeeree T, Chan-On W, Leepiyasakulchai C, Udomsangpetch R, Hongeng S, Jangpatarapongsa K. Antigen-Presenting Cell Characteristics of Human γδ T Lymphocytes in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:11-26. [PMID: 30321079 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1529039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human γδ T lymphocytes play a role in the immune system defense against cancer. Their broad anti-cancer activity against different types of cancers makes them outstanding candidates for cancer immunotherapy. An issue of recent interest is whether their antigen presentation features are similar to mature dendritic cells. The antigen-presenting cell (APC)-like phenotype and function of γδ T lymphocytes have been confirmed in many clinical trials. In this study, to support the strong role played by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against cancer, we provide evidence that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells activated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lysate antigens can efficiently express an APC phenotype and function. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells derived from normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated with tumor cell lysate, and the tumor-activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could recognize and kill CML through their cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells activated by cancer cell lysate showed APC characteristics, and this may greatly increase interest in investigating their therapeutic potential in hematologic malignancies. Abbreviations: CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; APC: antigen-presenting cell; TCR: T cell receptor; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; N-BPs: nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates; IPP: isopentenyl pyrophosphate; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; NKG2D: natural killer receptor group 2, member D; TRAIL: tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piamsiri Sawaisorn
- a Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Tienrat Tangchaikeeree
- a Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Waraporn Chan-On
- a Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- b Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Rachanee Udomsangpetch
- a Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- c Department of Pediatrics , Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- a Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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62
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Lentini NA, Foust BJ, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF. Phosphonamidate Prodrugs of a Butyrophilin Ligand Display Plasma Stability and Potent Vγ9 Vδ2 T Cell Stimulation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8658-8669. [PMID: 30199251 PMCID: PMC6703555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small organophosphorus compounds stimulate Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells if they serve as ligands of butyrophilin 3A1. Because the most potent natural ligand is ( E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP), which is the last intermediate in bacterial biosynthesis of isoprenoids that is not found in mammalian metabolism, activation of these T cells represents an important component of the immune response to bacterial infections. To identify butyrophilin ligands that may have greater plasma stability, and clinical potential, we have prepared a set of aryl phosphonamidate derivatives (9a-i) of the natural ligand. Testing of these new compounds in assays of T cell response has revealed that this strategy can provide compounds with high potency for expansion of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells (9f, EC50 = 340 pM) and interferon γ production in response to loaded K562 cells (9e, EC50 = 62 nM). Importantly, all compounds of this class display extended plasma stability ( t1/2 > 24 h). These findings increase our understanding of metabolism of butyrophilin ligands and the structure-activity relationships of phosphonamidate prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Lentini
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1294 , United States
| | - Benjamin J Foust
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1294 , United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3092 , United States
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3092 , United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3092 , United States
| | - David F Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1294 , United States
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1109 , United States
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63
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Tong WL, Callahan BM, Tu YN, Zaman S, Chobrutskiy BI, Blanck G. Immune receptor recombinations from breast cancer exome files, independently and in combination with specific HLA alleles, correlate with better survival rates. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:167-177. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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64
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Juraske C, Wipa P, Morath A, Hidalgo JV, Hartl FA, Raute K, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Fisch P, Minguet S, Pongcharoen S, Schamel WW. Anti-CD3 Fab Fragments Enhance Tumor Killing by Human γδ T Cells Independent of Nck Recruitment to the γδ T Cell Antigen Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1579. [PMID: 30038626 PMCID: PMC6046647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ TCR) can recognize antigens expressed by tumor cells and subsequently kill these cells. γδ T cells are indeed used in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. The anti-CD3ε antibody UCHT1 enhanced the in vitro tumor killing activity of human γδ T cells by an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that Fab fragments of UCHT1, which only bind monovalently to the γδ TCR, also enhanced tumor killing by expanded human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells or pan-γδ T cells of the peripheral blood. The Fab fragments induced Nck recruitment to the γδ TCR, suggesting that they stabilized the γδ TCR in an active CD3ε conformation. However, blocking the Nck-CD3ε interaction in γδ T cells using the small molecule inhibitor AX-024 neither reduced the γδ T cells' natural nor the Fab-enhanced tumor killing activity. Likewise, Nck recruitment to CD3ε was not required for intracellular signaling, CD69 and CD25 up-regulation, or cytokine secretion by γδ T cells. Thus, the Nck-CD3ε interaction seems to be dispensable in γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Juraske
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Piyamaporn Wipa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Anna Morath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University Hospital "José de San Martin", University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frederike A Hartl
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Raute
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang W Schamel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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65
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Fisher J, Anderson J. Engineering Approaches in Human Gamma Delta T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1409. [PMID: 29997614 PMCID: PMC6028554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharing both innate and adaptive immune properties, γδT cells are attractive candidates for cellular engineering. As the cancer immunotherapy field becomes increasingly busy, orthogonal approaches are required to drive advancement. Engineering of alternative effector cell types such as γδT cells represents one such approach. γδT cells can be modified using many of the techniques used in αβT cell engineering, with the added advantage of innate-like tumor recognition and killing. Progress has been made in T-cell receptor transfer to and from γδT cells as well as in a number of chimeric antigen receptor-based strategies. As the cancer immunotherapy field moves beyond repetitive iteration of established constructs to more creative solutions, γδT cells may offer an attractive chassis to drive anti-tumor responses that are not only broader, but also possess a more favorable safety profile.
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66
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Lo Presti E, Pizzolato G, Corsale AM, Caccamo N, Sireci G, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. γδ T Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: From Immunosurveillance to Tumor Evasion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1395. [PMID: 29963061 PMCID: PMC6013569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells possess cytotoxic antitumor activity mediated by production of proinflammatory cytokines, direct cytotoxic activity, and regulation of the biological functions of other cell types. Hence, these features have prompted the development of therapeutic strategies in which γδ T cells agonists or ex vivo-expanded γδ T cells are administered to tumor patients. Several studies have shown that γδ T cells are an important component of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients affected by different types of cancer and a recent analysis of ~18,000 transcriptomes from 39 human tumors identified tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells as the most significant favorable cancer-wide prognostic signature. However, the complex and intricate interactions between tumor cells, tumor microenvironment (TME), and tumor-infiltrating immune cells results in a balance between tumor-promoting and tumor-controlling effects, and γδ T cells functions are often diverted or impaired by immunosuppressive signals originating from the TME. This review focuses on the dangerous liason between γδ T cells and tumoral microenvironment and raises the possibility that strategies capable to reduce the immunosuppressive environment and increase the cytotoxic ability of γδ T cells may be the key factor to improve their utilization in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzolato
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas Università, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Sireci
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Department of Biopathology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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67
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Pauza CD, Liou ML, Lahusen T, Xiao L, Lapidus RG, Cairo C, Li H. Gamma Delta T Cell Therapy for Cancer: It Is Good to be Local. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1305. [PMID: 29937769 PMCID: PMC6003257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gamma delta T cells have extraordinary properties including the capacity for tumor cell killing. The major gamma delta T cell subset in human beings is designated Vγ9Vδ2 and is activated by intermediates of isoprenoid biosynthesis or aminobisphosphonate inhibitors of farnesyldiphosphate synthase. Activated cells are potent for killing a broad range of tumor cells and demonstrated the capacity for tumor reduction in murine xenotransplant tumor models. Translating these findings to the clinic produced promising initial results but greater potency is needed. Here, we review the literature on gamma delta T cells in cancer therapy with emphasis on the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset. Our goal was to examine obstacles preventing effective Vγ9Vδ2 T cell therapy and strategies for overcoming them. We focus on the potential for local activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells within the tumor environment to increase potency and achieve objective responses during cancer therapy. The gamma delta T cells and especially the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset, have the potential to overcome many problems in cancer therapy especially for tumors with no known treatment, lacking tumor-specific antigens for targeting by antibodies and CAR-T, or unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Translation of amazing work from many laboratories studying gamma delta T cells is needed to fulfill the promise of effective and safe cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Pauza
- American Gene Technologies International Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mei-Ling Liou
- American Gene Technologies International Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Tyler Lahusen
- American Gene Technologies International Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Lingzhi Xiao
- American Gene Technologies International Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haishan Li
- American Gene Technologies International Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
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68
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McCarthy NE, Eberl M. Human γδ T-Cell Control of Mucosal Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:985. [PMID: 29867962 PMCID: PMC5949325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T-cells include some of the most common "antigen-specific" cell types in peripheral blood and are enriched yet further at mucosal barrier sites where microbial infection and tumors often originate. While the γδ T-cell compartment includes multiple subsets with highly flexible effector functions, human mucosal tissues are dominated by host stress-responsive Vδ1+ T-cells and microbe-responsive Vδ2+ T-cells. Widely recognized for their potent cytotoxicity, emerging data suggest that γδ T-cells also exert strong influences on downstream adaptive immunity to pathogens and tumors, in particular via activation of antigen-presenting cells and/or direct stimulation of other mucosal leukocytes. These unique functional attributes and lack of MHC restriction have prompted considerable interest in therapeutic targeting of γδ T-cells. Indeed, several drugs already in clinical use, including vedolizumab, infliximab, and azathioprine, likely owe their efficacy in part to modulation of γδ T-cell function. Recent clinical trials of Vδ2+ T-cell-selective treatments indicate a good safety profile in human patients, and efficacy is set to increase as more potent/targeted drugs continue to be developed. Key advances will include identifying methods of directing γδ T-cell recruitment to specific tissues to enhance host protection against invading pathogens, or alternatively, retaining these cells in the circulation to limit peripheral inflammation and/or improve responses to blood malignancies. Human γδ T-cell control of mucosal immunity is likely exerted via multiple mechanisms that induce diverse responses in other types of tissue-resident leukocytes. Understanding the microenvironmental signals that regulate these functions will be critical to the development of new γδ T-cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E. McCarthy
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bart’s and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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69
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Simões AE, Di Lorenzo B, Silva-Santos B. Molecular Determinants of Target Cell Recognition by Human γδ T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:929. [PMID: 29755480 PMCID: PMC5934422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique capabilities of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells to recognize cells under stressed conditions, particularly infected or transformed cells, and killing them or regulating the immune response against them, paved the way to the development of promising therapeutic strategies for cancer and infectious diseases. From a mechanistic standpoint, numerous studies have unveiled a remarkable flexibility of γδ T cells in employing their T cell receptor and/or NK cell receptors for target cell recognition, even if the relevant ligands often remain uncertain. Here, we review the accumulated knowledge on the diverse mechanisms of target cell recognition by γδ T cells, focusing on human γδ T cells, to provide an integrated perspective of their therapeutic potential in cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André E Simões
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Biagio Di Lorenzo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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70
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Petrasca A, Melo AM, Breen EP, Doherty DG. Human Vδ3+ γδ T cells induce maturation and IgM secretion by B cells. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:126-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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71
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Przespolewski A, Szeles A, Wang ES. Advances in immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Future Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of the host immune system is a key mechanism to promote malignant progression. Therapeutically targeting immune pathways has radically changed the treatment paradigm for solid and lymphoid tumors but has yet to be approved for myeloid malignancies. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Topics reviewed here include adoptive cellular approaches (chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, natural killer and other immune cells), checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4 and TIM-3) and vaccines (WT-1, HLA-A2 and hTERT). Emphasis is placed on agents with clear evidence of tumor-specific immune responses and/or clinical activity in early-phase trials. Despite concerns regarding heterogeneous antigen expression and cytokine release syndrome, immunotherapy remains a highly promising strategy for acute myeloid leukemia, particularly transplant-ineligible patients and minimal residual disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Przespolewski
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Andras Szeles
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 26, 1085, Hungary
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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72
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Bouchie A, DeFrancesco L, Sheridan C, Webb S. Nature Biotechnology's academic spinouts of 2016. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 35:322-333. [PMID: 28398323 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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73
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Fichtner AS, Karunakaran MM, Starick L, Truman RW, Herrmann T. The Armadillo ( Dasypus novemcinctus): A Witness but Not a Functional Example for the Emergence of the Butyrophilin 3/Vγ9Vδ2 System in Placental Mammals. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29527206 PMCID: PMC5829056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
1–5% of human blood T cells are Vγ9Vδ2 T cells whose T cell receptor (TCR) contain a TRGV9/TRGJP rearrangement and a TRDV2 comprising Vδ2-chain. They respond to phosphoantigens (PAgs) like isopentenyl pyrophosphate or (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl-pyrophosphate (HMBPP) in a butyrophilin 3 (BTN3)-dependent manner and may contribute to the control of mycobacterial infections. These cells were thought to be restricted to primates, but we demonstrated by analysis of genomic databases that TRGV9, TRDV2, and BTN3 genes coevolved and emerged together with placental mammals. Furthermore, we identified alpaca (Vicugna pacos) as species with typical Vγ9Vδ2 TCR rearrangements and currently aim to directly identify Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and BTN3. Other candidates to study this coevolution are the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) with genomic sequences encoding open reading frames for TRGV9, TRDV2, and the extracellular part of BTN3. Dolphins have been shown to express Vγ9- and Vδ2-like TCR chains and possess a predicted BTN3-like gene homologous to human BTN3A3. The other candidate, the armadillo, is of medical interest since it serves as a natural reservoir for Mycobacterium leprae. In this study, we analyzed the armadillo genome and found evidence for multiple non-functional BTN3 genes including genomic context which closely resembles the organization of the human, alpaca, and dolphin BTN3A3 loci. However, no BTN3 transcript could be detected in armadillo cDNA. Additionally, attempts to identify a functional TRGV9/TRGJP rearrangement via PCR failed. In contrast, complete TRDV2 gene segments preferentially rearranged with a TRDJ4 homolog were cloned and co-expressed with a human Vγ9-chain in murine hybridoma cells. These cells could be stimulated by immobilized anti-mouse CD3 antibody but not with human RAJI-RT1Bl cells and HMBPP. So far, the lack of expression of TRGV9 rearrangements and BTN3 renders the armadillo an unlikely candidate species for PAg-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This is in line with the postulated coevolution of the three genes, where occurrence of Vγ9Vδ2 TCRs coincides with a functional BTN3 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Suzann Fichtner
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Starick
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard W Truman
- National Hansen's Disease Program, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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74
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Vermijlen D, Gatti D, Kouzeli A, Rus T, Eberl M. γδ T cell responses: How many ligands will it take till we know? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 84:75-86. [PMID: 29402644 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells constitute a sizeable and non-redundant fraction of the total T cell pool in all jawed vertebrates, but in contrast to conventional αβ T cells they are not restricted by classical MHC molecules. Progress in our understanding of the role of γδ T cells in the immune system has been hampered, and is being hampered, by the considerable lack of knowledge regarding the antigens γδ T cells respond to. The past few years have seen a wealth of data regarding the TCR repertoires of distinct γδ T cell populations and a growing list of confirmed and proposed molecules that are recognised by γδ T cells in different species. Yet, the physiological contexts underlying the often restricted TCR usage and the chemical diversity of γδ T cell ligands remain largely unclear, and only few structural studies have confirmed direct ligand recognition by the TCR. We here review the latest progress in the identification and validation of putative γδ T cell ligands and discuss the implications of such findings for γδ T cell responses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium.
| | - Deborah Gatti
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - Ariadni Kouzeli
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Teja Rus
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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75
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Xiao L, Chen C, Li Z, Zhu S, Tay JC, Zhang X, Zha S, Zeng J, Tan WK, Liu X, Chng WJ, Wang S. Large-scale expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with engineered K562 feeder cells in G-Rex vessels and their use as chimeric antigen receptor-modified effector cells. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:420-435. [PMID: 29402645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are a minor subset of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood that has been extensively investigated for their tolerability, safety and anticancer efficacy. A hindrance to the broad application of these cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy has been attaining clinically appropriate numbers of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Furthermore, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exist at low frequencies among cancer patients. We, therefore, sought to conceive an economical method that allows for a quick and robust large-scale expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. A two-step protocol was developed, in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors or cancer patients were activated with Zometa and interleukin (IL)-2, followed by co-culturing with gamma-irradiated, CD64-, CD86- and CD137L-expressing K562 artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) in the presence of the anti-CD3 antibody OKT3. We optimized the co-culture ratio of K562 aAPCs to immune cells, and migrated this method to a G-Rex cell growth platform to derive clinically relevant cell numbers in a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manner. We further include a depletion step to selectively remove αβ T lymphocytes. The method exhibited high expansion folds and a specific enrichment of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells displayed an effector memory phenotype with a concomitant down-regulated expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Finally, we ascertained the cytotoxic activity of these expanded cells by using nonmodified and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engrafted Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against a panel of solid tumor cells. Overall, we report an efficient approach to generate highly functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in massive numbers suitable for clinical application in an allogeneic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Can Chen
- Tessa Therapeutics, Pte Ltd., Singapore
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumin Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan Ck Tay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shijun Zha
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieming Zeng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore.
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76
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Tu YN, Tong WL, Yavorski JM, Blanck G. Immunogenomics: A Negative Prostate Cancer Outcome Associated with TcR-γ/δ Recombinations. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 11:41-49. [PMID: 29357011 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a scripted algorithm, based on previous, earlier editions of the algorithm, to mine prostate cancer exome files for T-cell receptor (TcR) recombination reads: Reads representing TcR gene recombinations were identified in 497 prostate cancer exome files from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). As has been reported for melanoma, co-detection of productive TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads correlated with an RNA expression signature representing T-cell exhaustion, particularly with high RNA levels for PD-1 and PD-L1, in comparison to several different control sets of samples. Co-detection of TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads also correlated with high level expression of genes representing antigen presenting functions, further supporting the conclusion that co-detection of TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads represents an immunologically relevant microenvironment. Finally, detection of unproductive TcR-δ recombinations, and unproductive and productive TcR-γ recombinations, strongly correlated with, and may represent a convenient biomarker for a poor clinical outcome. These results underscore the value of the genomics-based assessment of unproductive TcR recombinations and raise questions about the impact of tumor microenvironment lymphocytes in the absence of antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping N Tu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Yavorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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77
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Zhao Y, Niu C, Cui J. Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells: friend or foe in cancer development? J Transl Med 2018; 16:3. [PMID: 29316940 PMCID: PMC5761189 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γδ T cells are a distinct subgroup of T cells containing T cell receptors (TCRs) γ and TCR δ chains with diverse structural and functional heterogeneity. As a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, γδ T cells participate in various immune responses during cancer progression. Because of their direct/indirect antitumor cytotoxicity and strong cytokine production ability, the use of γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy has received a lot of attention over the past decade. MAIN TEXT Despite the promising potential of γδ T cells, the efficacy of γδ T cell immunotherapy is limited, with an average response ratio of only 21%. In addition, research over the past 2 years has shown that γδ T cells could also promote cancer progression by inhibiting antitumor responses, and enhancing cancer angiogenesis. As a result, γδ T cells have a dual effect and can therefore be considered as being both "friends" and "foes" of cancer. In order to solve the sub-optimal efficiency problem of γδ T cell immunotherapy, we review recent observations regarding the antitumor and protumor activities of major structural and functional subsets of human γδ T cells, describing how these subsets are activated and polarized, and how these events relate to subsequent effects in cancer immunity. A mixture of both antitumor or protumor γδ T cells used in adoptive immunotherapy, coupled with the fact that γδ T cells can be polarized from antitumor cells to protumor cells appear to be the likely reasons for the mild efficacy seen with γδ T cells. CONCLUSION The future holds the promise of depleting the specific protumor γδ T cell subgroup before therapy, choosing multi-immunocyte adoptive therapy, modifying the cytokine balance in the cancer microenvironment, and using a combination of γδ T cells adoptive immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Niu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
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78
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Sawaisorn P, Tangchaikeeree T, Polpanich D, Midoeng P, Udomsangpetch R, Elaissari A, Jangpatarapongsa K. Enrichment of human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes by magnetic poly(divinylbenzene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) colloidal particles conjugated with specific antibody. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14393-14400. [PMID: 35540746 PMCID: PMC9079956 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a significant role in protection against cancer. Purification of γδ T cells is needed for insight when studying their anti-cancer functionality and their utilization in adoptive cell therapy. To improve the purification of γδ T cells, in this work, a composite material based on magnetic nanoparticles was developed for purification of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the predominant subset of γδ T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. The epoxy-functionalized magnetic poly(divinylbenzene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) particles (mPDGs) were bio-conjugated with anti-human Vδ2 antibody to provide specific recognition sites for T cell receptors of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, separation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors was confirmed with high purity [89.77% (range 87.00–91.80, n = 3)]. More interestingly, the immobilized particles did not affect the viability of purified cells as high cell viability was indicated (>90%). By combining the properties of magnetic nanoparticles with specific antibodies, these immobilized particles were shown to be used as a cell-friendly purification tool of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes without any limits for the further use of cells. The purified Vγ9Vδ2 T cells using the antibody-immobilized epoxy-functionalized mPDGs could be used directly without a detachment step for further cultivation and expansion. This highlights the advantages of this method in allowing the study of cell function and further investigation of such rare T cell populations in immunotherapy. Schematic procedure of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell purification using antibody-immobilized epoxy-functionalized mPDGs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Piamsiri Sawaisorn
- Center for Research and Innovation
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Tienrat Tangchaikeeree
- Center for Research and Innovation
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Duangporn Polpanich
- National Nanotechnology Center
- National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)
- Thailand Science Park
- Thailand
| | - Panuwat Midoeng
- Department of Pathology
- Army Institute of Pathology
- Phramongkutklao Hospital
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Rachanee Udomsangpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
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79
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Lo Presti E, Pizzolato G, Gulotta E, Cocorullo G, Gulotta G, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. Current Advances in γδ T Cell-Based Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1401. [PMID: 29163482 PMCID: PMC5663908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a minor population (~5%) of CD3 T cells in the peripheral blood, but abound in other anatomic sites such as the intestine or the skin. There are two major subsets of γδ T cells: those that express Vδ1 gene, paired with different Vγ elements, abound in the intestine and the skin, and recognize the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related molecules such as MHC class I-related molecule A, MHC class I-related molecule B, and UL16-binding protein expressed on many stressed and tumor cells. Conversely, γδ T cells expressing the Vδ2 gene paired with the Vγ9 chain are the predominant (50-90%) γδ T cell population in the peripheral blood and recognize phosphoantigens (PAgs) derived from the mevalonate pathway of mammalian cells, which is highly active upon infection or tumor transformation. Aminobisphosphonates (n-BPs), which inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, a downstream enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, cause accumulation of upstream PAgs and therefore promote γδ T cell activation. γδ T cells have distinctive features that justify their utilization in antitumor immunotherapy: they do not require MHC restriction and are less dependent that αβ T cells on co-stimulatory signals, produce cytokines with known antitumor effects as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and display cytotoxic and antitumor activities in vitro and in mouse models in vivo. Thus, there is interest in the potential application of γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy, and several small-sized clinical trials have been conducted of γδ T cell-based immunotherapy in different types of cancer after the application of PAgs or n-BPs plus interleukin-2 in vivo or after adoptive transfer of ex vivo-expanded γδ T cells, particularly the Vγ9Vδ2 subset. Results from clinical trials testing the efficacy of any of these two strategies have shown that γδ T cell-based therapy is safe, but long-term clinical results to date are inconsistent. In this review, we will discuss the major achievements and pitfalls of the γδ T cell-based immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzolato
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Eliana Gulotta
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Cocorullo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Gulotta
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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80
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de Bruin RCG, Veluchamy JP, Lougheed SM, Schneiders FL, Lopez-Lastra S, Lameris R, Stam AG, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J, Molthoff CFM, Hooijberg E, Roovers RC, Santo JPD, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Verheul HMW, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. A bispecific nanobody approach to leverage the potent and widely applicable tumor cytolytic capacity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1375641. [PMID: 29296532 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1375641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though Vγ9Vδ2-T cells constitute only a small fraction of the total T cell population in human peripheral blood, they play a vital role in tumor defense and are therefore of major interest to explore for cancer immunotherapy. Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-based cancer immunotherapeutic approaches developed so far have been generally well tolerated and were able to induce significant clinical responses. However, overall results were inconsistent, possibly due to the fact that these strategies induced systemic activation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells without preferential accumulation and targeted activation in the tumor. Here we show that a novel bispecific nanobody-based construct targeting both Vγ9Vδ2-T cells and EGFR induced potent Vγ9Vδ2-T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis both in vitro and in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. Tumor cell lysis was independent of KRAS and BRAF tumor mutation status and common Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor sequence variations. In combination with the conserved monomorphic nature of the Vγ9Vδ2-TCR and the facile replacement of the tumor-specific nanobody, this immunotherapeutic approach can be applied to a large group of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C G de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P Veluchamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinéad M Lougheed
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Famke L Schneiders
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lopez-Lastra
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita G Stam
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France
| | | | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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81
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Simpson RJ, Bigley AB, Agha N, Hanley PJ, Bollard CM. Mobilizing Immune Cells With Exercise for Cancer Immunotherapy. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2017; 45:163-172. [PMID: 28418996 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation and adoptive transfer immunotherapy are effective in treating blood cancers and posttransplant infections, but low-circulating cell numbers in patients and donors are oftentimes a limiting factor. We postulate that a single exercise bout will increase the yield of patient- and donor-derived HSCs and cytotoxic lymphocytes to improve this form of treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Simpson
- 1Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston; 2Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and 3Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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82
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Duault C, Betous D, Bezombes C, Roga S, Cayrol C, Girard JP, Fournié JJ, Poupot M. IL-33-expanded human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have anti-lymphoma effect in a mouse tumor model. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2137-2141. [PMID: 28741710 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
From several years, the anticancer effects of Vγ9 T lymphocytes make these cells good candidates for cancer immunotherapies. However, the proved efficacy of γδ Τ cell-based cancer immunotherapies in some clinical trials was minimized due to the inherent toxicity of IL-2, which is essential for the combination therapy with Phosphoantigen (PAg). Recently, we showed that IL-33, a γ chain receptor-independent cytokine, was able to induce the in vitro proliferation of PAg-activated Vγ9 T cells, which were fully functional expressing IFN-γ and TNF-α and showing in vitro anti-tumor cytotoxicity. We proposed IL-33 as an alternative to IL-2 for Vγ9 T cell-based cancer immunotherapies, and have therefore evaluated the efficacy of this cytokine in preclinical investigations. This study shows that human Vγ9 T cells are able to proliferate in a mouse model with the combination of PAg and rhIL-33, and that IL-33-expanded Vγ9 T cells can prevent tumor growth in a mouse lymphoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Duault
- INSERM UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Delphine Betous
- INSERM UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan
| | - Christine Bezombes
- INSERM UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan
| | - Stéphane Roga
- Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan.,CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Cayrol
- Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan.,CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan.,CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- INSERM UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan
| | - Mary Poupot
- INSERM UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,ERL 5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan
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83
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Xiang Z, Tu W. Dual Face of Vγ9Vδ2-T Cells in Tumor Immunology: Anti- versus Pro-Tumoral Activities. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1041. [PMID: 28894450 PMCID: PMC5581348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2-T cells are considered as potent effector cells for tumor immunotherapy through directly killing tumor cells and indirectly regulating other innate and adaptive immune cells to establish antitumoral immunity. The antitumoral activity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells is governed by a complicated set of activating and inhibitory cell receptors. In addition, cytokine milieu in tumor microenvironment can also induce the pro-tumoral activities and functional plasticity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells. Here, we review the anti- versus pro-tumoral activities of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells and discuss the mechanisms underlying the recognition, activation, differentiation and regulation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells in tumor immunosurveillance. The comprehensive understanding of the dual face of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells in tumor immunology may improve the therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes of Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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84
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Chen HC, Joalland N, Bridgeman JS, Alchami FS, Jarry U, Khan MWA, Piggott L, Shanneik Y, Li J, Herold MJ, Herrmann T, Price DA, Gallimore AM, Clarkson RW, Scotet E, Moser B, Eberl M. Synergistic targeting of breast cancer stem-like cells by human γδ T cells and CD8 + T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:620-629. [PMID: 28356569 PMCID: PMC5550559 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inherent resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to existing therapies has largely hampered the development of effective treatments for advanced malignancy. To help develop novel immunotherapy approaches that efficiently target CSCs, an experimental model allowing reliable distinction of CSCs and non-CSCs was set up to study their interaction with non-MHC-restricted γδ T cells and antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Stable lines with characteristics of breast CSC-like cells were generated from ras-transformed human mammary epithelial (HMLER) cells as confirmed by their CD44hi CD24lo GD2+ phenotype, their mesenchymal morphology in culture and their capacity to form mammospheres under non-adherent conditions, as well as their potent tumorigenicity, self-renewal and differentiation in xenografted mice. The resistance of CSC-like cells to γδ T cells could be overcome by inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) through pretreatment with zoledronate or with FPPS-targeting short hairpin RNA. γδ T cells induced upregulation of MHC class I and CD54/ICAM-1 on CSC-like cells and thereby increased the susceptibility to antigen-specific killing by CD8+ T cells. Alternatively, γδ T-cell responses could be specifically directed against CSC-like cells using the humanised anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A. Our findings identify a powerful synergism between MHC-restricted and non-MHC-restricted T cells in the eradication of cancer cells including breast CSCs. Our research suggests that novel immunotherapies may benefit from a two-pronged approach combining γδ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell targeting strategies that triggers effective innate-like and tumour-specific adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Chen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Noémie Joalland
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France
| | - John S Bridgeman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fouad S Alchami
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ulrich Jarry
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France
| | - Mohd Wajid A Khan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luke Piggott
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yasmin Shanneik
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco J Herold
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Awen M Gallimore
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard W Clarkson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, Nantes, France
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Nguyen K, Li J, Puthenveetil R, Lin X, Poe MM, Hsiao CHC, Vinogradova O, Wiemer AJ. The butyrophilin 3A1 intracellular domain undergoes a conformational change involving the juxtamembrane region. FASEB J 2017; 31:4697-4706. [PMID: 28705810 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601370rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small isoprenoid diphosphates, such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP), are ligands of the internal domain of BTN3A1. Ligand binding in target cells promotes activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We demonstrate by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) that HMBPP binding to the internal domain of BTN3A1 induces a conformational change in the position of the B30.2 domain relative to the juxtamembrane (JM) region. To better understand the molecular details of this conformational rearrangement, NMR spectroscopy was used to discover that the JM region interacts with HMBPP, specifically at the diphosphate. The spectral location of the affected amide peaks, partial NMR assignments, and JM mutants (ST296AA or T304A) investigated, confirm that the backbone amide of at least one Thr (Thr304), adjacent to conserved Ser, comes close to the HMBPP diphosphate, whereas double mutation of nonconserved residues (Ser/Thr296/297) may perturb the local fold. Cellular mutation of either of the identified Thr residues reduces the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by HMBPP, zoledronate, and POM2-C-HMBP, but not by a partial agonist BTN3 antibody. Taken together, our results show that ligand binding to BTN3A1 induces a conformational change within the intracellular domain that involves the JM region and is required for full activation.-Nguyen, K., Li, J., Puthenveetil, R., Lin, X., Poe, M. M., Hsiao, C.-H. C., Vinogradova, O., Wiemer, A. J. The butyrophilin 3A1 intracellular domain undergoes a conformational change involving the juxtamembrane region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiem Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robbins Puthenveetil
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA; .,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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86
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Hodgins NO, Wang JTW, Al-Jamal KT. Nano-technology based carriers for nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates delivery as sensitisers of γδ T cells for anticancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:143-160. [PMID: 28694026 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) including zoledronate (ZOL) and alendronate (ALD) inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and have been shown to have a cytotoxic affect against cancer cells as a monotherapy and to also sensitise tumour cells to destruction by γδ T cells. γδ T cells are a subset of human T lymphocytes and have a diverse range of roles in the immune system including the recognition and destruction of cancer cells. This property of γδ T cells can be harnessed for use in cancer immunotherapy through in vivo expansion or the adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated γδ T cells. The use of N-BPs with γδ T cells has been shown to have a synergistic effect in in vitro, animal and clinical studies. N-BPs have limited in vivo activity due to rapid clearance from the circulation. By encapsulating N-BPs in liposomes (L) it is possible to increase the levels of N-BPs at non-osseous tumour sites. L-ZOL and L-ALD have been shown to have different toxicological profiles than free ZOL or ALD. Both L-ALD and L-ZOL led to increased spleen weight, leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia in mice after intravenous injection. L-ALD was shown to be better tolerated than L-ZOL in murine studies. Biodistribution studies have been performed in order to better understand the interaction of N-BPs and γδ T cells in vivo. Additionally, in vivo therapy studies have shown that mice treated with both L-ALD and γδ T cells had a significant reduction in tumour growth compared to mice treated with L-ALD or γδ T cells alone. The use of ligand-targeted liposomes may further increase the efficacy of this combinatory immunotherapy. Liposomes targeting the αvβ6 integrin receptor using the peptide A20FMDV2 had a greater ability than untargeted liposomes in sensitising cancer cells to destruction by γδ T cells in αvβ6 positive cancer cell lines.
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87
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Fisher J, Abramowski P, Wisidagamage Don ND, Flutter B, Capsomidis A, Cheung GWK, Gustafsson K, Anderson J. Avoidance of On-Target Off-Tumor Activation Using a Co-stimulation-Only Chimeric Antigen Receptor. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1234-1247. [PMID: 28341563 PMCID: PMC5417796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) combine T cell activation with antibody-mediated tumor antigen specificity, bypassing the need for T cell receptor (TCR) ligation. A limitation of CAR technology is on-target off-tumor toxicity caused by target antigen expression on normal cells. Using GD2 as a model cancer antigen, we hypothesized that this could be minimized by using T cells expressing Vγ9Vδ2 TCR, which recognizes transformed cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner, in combination with a co-stimulatory CAR that would function independently of the TCR. An anti-GD2 CAR containing a solitary endodomain derived from the NKG2D adaptor DAP10 was expressed in Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells. Differential ligation of the CAR and/or TCR using antibody-coated beads showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine response depended on activation of both receptors. Moreover, in killing assays, GD2-expressing neuroblastoma cells that engaged the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR were efficiently lysed, whereas cells that expressed GD2 equivalently but did not engage the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR were untouched. Differentiation between X-on tumor and X-off tumor offers potential for safer immunotherapy and broader target selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fisher
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Pierre Abramowski
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Barry Flutter
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anna Capsomidis
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Kenth Gustafsson
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John Anderson
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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88
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Aoki T, Matsushita H, Hoshikawa M, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N, Kakimi K. Adjuvant combination therapy with gemcitabine and autologous γδ T-cell transfer in patients with curatively resected pancreatic cancer. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:473-485. [PMID: 28188072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The outcome for pancreatic cancer after surgery remains highly unsatisfactory, and development of more effective therapies is urgently needed. Therefore, we conducted a phase I clinical study of a novel combination of gemcitabine (GEM) and autologous γδ T-cell therapy for patients with curatively resected pancreatic cancer (University Hospital Medical Information Clinical Trials Registry identifier 000000931). METHODS From July 2008 to December 2012, 56 consenting patients were recruited. After preliminary testing of γδ T-cell proliferative capacity, 28 patients were eligible to receive combined GEM plus γδ T-cell therapy. RESULTS During treatment, most of the adverse events observed were due to GEM, including myelosuppression and gastrointestinal disorders. No severe adverse events were obviously related to the γδ T-cell therapy. To evaluate clinical efficacy, patients receiving combined therapy (Group A, n = 28) were compared with those receiving GEM alone (Group B, n = 20). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in recurrence-free survival or overall survival. However, we found that, relative to progressing patients, more γδ T-cells were detectable in the blood of recurrence-free patients after only two injections (P < .0388) and more so five injections (P < .0175). Patients with >15% peripheral γδ T-cells after two injections and >20% after five injections had a chance of a more favorable clinical outcome. Accumulation of γδ T cells was positively related to the quality of the infused products, with those having >80% γδ T cells being optimal. DISCUSSION High quality of the γδ T-cell product is crucial to achieve a high percentage of γδ T cells in the blood and to achieve better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Aoki
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hoshikawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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89
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Tosolini M, Pont F, Poupot M, Vergez F, Nicolau-Travers ML, Vermijlen D, Sarry JE, Dieli F, Fournié JJ. Assessment of tumor-infiltrating TCRV γ9V δ2 γδ lymphocyte abundance by deconvolution of human cancers microarrays. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1284723. [PMID: 28405516 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1284723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human blood γδ cells are cytolytic TCRVγ9Vδ2+ lymphocytes with antitumor activity. They are currently investigated in several clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy but so far, their tumor infiltration has not been systematically explored across human cancers. Novel algorithms allowing the deconvolution of bulk tumor transcriptomes to find the relative proportions of infiltrating leucocytes, such as CIBERSORT, should be appropriate for this aim but in practice they fail to accurately recognize γδ T lymphocytes. Here, by implementing machine learning from microarray data, we first improved the computational identification of blood-derived TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ lymphocytes and then applied this strategy to assess their abundance as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (γδ TIL) in ∼10,000 cancer biopsies from 50 types of hematological and solid malignancies. We observed considerable inter-individual variation of TCRVγ9Vδ2+γδ TIL abundance both within each type and across the spectrum of cancers tested. We report their prominence in B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3-AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as well as in inflammatory breast, prostate, esophagus, pancreas and lung carcinoma. Across all cancers, the abundance of αβ TILs and TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ TILs did not correlate. αβ TIL abundance paralleled the mutational load of tumors and positively correlated with inflammation, infiltration of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), antigen processing and presentation, and cytolytic activity, in line with an association with a favorable outcome. In contrast, the abundance of TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ TILs did not correlate with these hallmarks and was variably associated with outcome, suggesting that distinct contexts underlie TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ TIL and αβ TIL mobilizations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tosolini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France; Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Pont
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Pôle Technologique du Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France
| | - François Vergez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), Toulouse, France
| | | | - David Vermijlen
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnostics and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopharmacy - Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles , Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; INSERM U1037-Université Paul Sabatier-CNRS ERL5294, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, Toulouse, France
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90
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Heterogeneous yet stable Vδ2(+) T-cell profiles define distinct cytotoxic effector potentials in healthy human individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14378-14383. [PMID: 27911793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611098113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells display potent responses to pathogens and malignancies. Of particular interest are those expressing a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) incorporating TCRδ-chain variable-region-2 [Vδ2(+)], which are activated by pathogen-derived phosphoantigens (pAgs), or host-derived pAgs that accumulate in transformed cells or in cells exposed to aminobisphosphonates. Once activated, Vδ2(+) T cells exhibit multiple effector functions that have made them attractive candidates for immunotherapy. Despite this, clinical trials have reported mixed patient responses, highlighting a need for better understanding of Vδ2(+) T-cell biology. Here, we reveal previously unappreciated functional heterogeneity between the Vδ2(+) T-cell compartments of 63 healthy individuals. In this cohort, we identify distinct "Vδ2 profiles" that are stable over time; that do not correlate with age, gender, or history of phosphoantigen activation; and that develop after leaving the thymus. Multiple analyses suggest these Vδ2 profiles consist of variable proportions of two dominant but contrasting Vδ2(+) T-cell subsets that have divergent transcriptional programs and that display mechanistically distinct cytotoxic potentials. Importantly, an individual's Vδ2 profile predicts defined effector capacities, demonstrated by contrasting mechanisms and efficiencies of killing of a range of tumor cell lines. In short, these data support patient stratification to identify individuals with Vδ2 profiles that have effector mechanisms compatible with tumor killing and suggest that tailored Vδ2-profile-specific activation protocols may maximize the chances of future treatment success.
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91
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Ma Y, Lei H, Tan J, Xuan L, Wu X, Liu Q. Characterization of γδ regulatory T cells from peripheral blood in patients with multiple myeloma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:594-601. [PMID: 27793666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
γδ regulatory T cells are able to inhibit the activation and function of T cells involved in antigen-specific immune responses. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of γδ regulatory T cells in inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses in patients diagnosed as multiple myeloma (MM). We measured the levels of γδ T cells, the distribution and clonally amplified TCR Vγ and VδT cells in peripheral blood of healthy donors, patients recently diagnosed with MM, and MM patients in remission cohorts. In addition, we evaluated the ability of γδ regulatory T cells to inhibit the proliferation of CD4+CD25- T cells and detected the expression of immunoregulatory-associated molecules. We found that the levels of γδ regulatory T cells from the peripheral blood in patients of MM were significantly higher than those in healthy donors. Comparison of γδT regulatory cells function in MM and healthy donors showed similarly inhibitory effects on the proliferation of T cells. Additionally, TLR8 expression level increased significantly in MM patients compared to healthy donors, while the expression levels of Foxp3, CD25, CTLA4, GITR, GATA3 and Tbet in MM patients and healthy donors showed no significant difference. Taken together, our study reveals the potential role of γδ regulatory T cells in inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, China; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Huyi Lei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Li Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
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Dao V, Liu Y, Pandeswara S, Svatek RS, Gelfond JA, Liu A, Hurez V, Curiel TJ. Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Rapamycin Are Mediated by Stimulation of Antitumor γδ T Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5970-5982. [PMID: 27569211 PMCID: PMC5065775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor rapamycin mediates important immune effects, but its contributions to the anticancer effects of the drug are unclear. Here we report evidence that rapamycin-mediated cancer protection relies upon stimulation of γδ T cells. In a well-established mouse model of carcinogen and inflammation-driven skin carcinogenesis, IFNγ recruited γδ TCRmid T cells to the epidermis where rapamycin boosted their perforin-dependent antitumor properties. These antitumor cells were mostly Vγ5-Vγ4-Vγ1- in phenotype. IFNγ signals were required in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells for rapamycin to optimally promote epidermal infiltration of γδ TCRmid T cells, as mediated by CXCR3-CXCL10 interactions, along with the antitumor effects of these cells. In mouse xenograft models of human squamous cell carcinoma, rapamycin improved human γδ T-cell-mediated cancer cell killing. Our results identify immune mechanisms for the cancer prevention and treatment properties of rapamycin, challenging the paradigm that mTOR inhibition acts primarily by direct action on tumor cells. Cancer Res; 76(20); 5970-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Dao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas. Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas. Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | | | - Robert S Svatek
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Urology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jonathan A Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas. Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas. Cancer Therapy & Research Center, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas. Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas.
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Wang Z, Li B, Ren Y, Ye Z. T-Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2016; 7:353. [PMID: 27683579 PMCID: PMC5021687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though combining surgery with chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, advanced, metastatic, or recurrent osteosarcomas are often non-responsive to chemotherapy, making development of novel efficient therapeutic methods an urgent need. Adoptive immunotherapy has the potential to be a useful non-surgical modality for treatment of osteosarcoma. Recently, alternative strategies, including immunotherapies using naturally occurring or genetically modified T cells, have been found to hold promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss possible T-cell-based therapies against osteosarcoma with a special emphasis on combination strategies to improve the effectiveness of adoptive T cell transfer and, thus, to provide a rationale for the clinical development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yingqing Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
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94
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Co-Expansion of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells for CAR T-Cell Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161820. [PMID: 27598655 PMCID: PMC5012695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, which are a heterogeneous population of T lymphocytes and natural killer T (NKT) cells, have been separately expanded ex vivo and shown to be capable of targeting and mediating cytotoxicity against various tumor cells in a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted manner. However, the co-expansion and co-administration of these immune cells have not been explored. In this study we describe an efficient method to expand simultaneously both CIK and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, termed as CIKZ cells, from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Zometa, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), anti-CD3 antibody and engineered K562 feeder cells expressing CD64, CD137L and CD86. A 21-day culture of PBMCs with this method yielded nearly 20,000-fold expansion of CIKZ cells with γδ T cells making up over 20% of the expanded population. The expanded CIKZ cells exhibited antitumor cytotoxicity and could be modified to express anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), anti-CEA CAR, and anti-HER2 CAR to enhance their specificity and cytotoxicity against CD19-, CEA-, or HER2-positive tumor cells. The tumor inhibitory activity of anti-CD19 CAR-modified CIKZ cells was further demonstrated in vivo in a Raji tumor mouse model. The findings herein substantiate the feasibility of co-expanding CIK and γδ cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy applications such as CAR T-cell therapy against cancer.
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95
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Pressey JG, Adams J, Harkins L, Kelly D, You Z, Lamb LS. In vivo expansion and activation of γδ T cells as immunotherapy for refractory neuroblastoma: A phase 1 study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4909. [PMID: 27684826 PMCID: PMC5265919 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD3+ γδ+ T cells comprise 2% to 5% of circulating T cells with Vγ9Vδ2+ cells the dominant circulating subtype. Vγ9Vδ2+ cells recognize non-peptide phosphoantigens and stress-associated NKG2D ligands expressed on malignant cells. Strategies that incorporate the tumoricidal properties of γδ T cells represent a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for treatment of solid malignancies including neuroblastoma (NB). In this prospective, non-randomized Phase I trial, we assessed whether circulating Vγ9Vδ2+ cells could be safely expanded using intravenous ZOL (Zoledronate [Zometa]) and subcutaneous Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with refractory NB. METHODS Patients 2 to 21 years of age with refractory neuroblastoma with no known curative therapeutic options received ZOL on day 1, and IL-2 on days 1 to 5 and 15 to 19 of each 28-day cycle (n = 4). Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was assessed weekly. Immunophenotyping studies from the treatment group were compared with healthy pediatric controls (n = 16; range, 5y-15y) and of untreated NB disease controls (n = 9; range, 4m-18y). RESULTS Treatment was well tolerated with no unexpected grade 3 and 4 toxicities. Lymphocyte subset counts did not differ significantly between volunteers and disease controls with the exception of γδ+ T cell counts that were significantly higher in healthy volunteers (212 + 93 vs. 89 + 42, P = 0.05). Study patients showed increases in circulating γδ+ T cell count (3-10 fold) after the first week, increasing into the range seen in healthy volunteers (125 + 37, P = 0.1940). Interestingly, all ZOL + IL-2 treated patients showed significant increases in CD3+CD4+CD27CD127 T cells that rose weekly in 2 patients throughout the 4 weeks of observation (maximum 41% and 24% of total CD3+CD4+ T cells, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In summary, combined ZOL and IL-2 is well tolerated and restored γδ+ T cell counts to the normal range with a moderate expansion of Natural Killer cells. Progressive increases in circulating CD4+ T cells with a regulatory phenotype cells may offset beneficial effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Kelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhiying You
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Correspondence: Lawrence S. Lamb, Jr, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Suite 510F Wallace Tumor Institute, 1824 Sixth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 (e-mail: )
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96
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de Bruin RCG, Lougheed SM, van der Kruk L, Stam AG, Hooijberg E, Roovers RC, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Verheul HMW, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. Highly specific and potently activating Vγ9Vδ2-T cell specific nanobodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:128-138. [PMID: 27373969 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2-T cells constitute the predominant subset of γδ-T cells in human peripheral blood and have been shown to play an important role in antimicrobial and antitumor immune responses. Several efforts have been initiated to exploit these cells for cancer immunotherapy, e.g. by using phosphoantigens, adoptive cell transfer, and by a bispecific monoclonal antibody based approach. Here, we report the generation of a novel set of Vγ9Vδ2-T cell specific VHH (or nanobody). VHH have several advantages compared to conventional antibodies related to their small size, stability, ease of generating multispecific molecules and low immunogenicity. With high specificity and affinity, the anti-Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor VHHs are shown to be useful for FACS, MACS and immunocytochemistry. In addition, some VHH were found to specifically activate Vγ9Vδ2-T cells. Besides being of possible immunotherapeutic value, these single domain antibodies will be of great value in the further study of this important immune effector cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C G de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sinéad M Lougheed
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Liza van der Kruk
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anita G Stam
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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97
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Kilcollins AM, Li J, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ. HMBPP Analog Prodrugs Bypass Energy-Dependent Uptake To Promote Efficient BTN3A1-Mediated Malignant Cell Lysis by Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocyte Effectors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:419-28. [PMID: 27271567 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 effector T cells lyse cells in response to phosphorus-containing small molecules, providing primates a unique route to remove infected or malignant cells. Yet, the triggering mechanisms remain ill defined. We examined lysis mediated by human Vγ9Vδ2 effector T cells in response to the naturally occurring (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) or a synthetic cell-permeable prodrug, bis (pivaloyloxymethyl) (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl phosphonate. CD27(+)/CD45RA(-) Th1-like effector cells killed K562 target cells through a mechanism that could be enhanced by either compound or TCR Ab and blocked by Src inhibition or butyrophilin 3 isoform A1 (BTN3A1) disruption. Pretreatment at 4 °: C decreased HMBPP-induced lysis but did not reduce lysis induced by bis (pivaloyloxymethyl) (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl phosphonate. Together, our results show that internalization of HMBPP into target cells is required for BTN3A1-dependent lysis by Vγ9Vδ2 effector T cells. The enhanced activity of the prodrug analog is due to its ability to bypass the pathways required for entry of HMBPP. These findings support an inside-out model of T cell triggering driven by small-molecule induction of BTN3A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Kilcollins
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269; and
| | | | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269; and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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98
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Sebestyen Z, Scheper W, Vyborova A, Gu S, Rychnavska Z, Schiffler M, Cleven A, Chéneau C, van Noorden M, Peigné CM, Olive D, Lebbink RJ, Oostvogels R, Mutis T, Schuurhuis GJ, Adams EJ, Scotet E, Kuball J. RhoB Mediates Phosphoantigen Recognition by Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Receptor. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1973-85. [PMID: 27210746 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to tumor cells by sensing elevated levels of phosphorylated intermediates of the dysregulated mevalonate pathway, which is translated into activating signals by the ubiquitously expressed butyrophilin A1 (BTN3A1) through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we developed an unbiased, genome-wide screening method that identified RhoB as a critical mediator of Vγ9Vδ2 TCR activation in tumor cells. Our results show that Vγ9Vδ2 TCR activation is modulated by the GTPase activity of RhoB and its redistribution to BTN3A1. This is associated with cytoskeletal changes that directly stabilize BTN3A1 in the membrane, and the subsequent dissociation of RhoB from BTN3A1. Furthermore, phosphoantigen accumulation induces a conformational change in BTN3A1, rendering its extracellular domains recognizable by Vγ9Vδ2 TCRs. These complementary events provide further evidence for inside-out signaling as an essential step in the recognition of tumor cells by a Vγ9Vδ2 TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Scheper
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Vyborova
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Siyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Rychnavska
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Schiffler
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Cleven
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Coraline Chéneau
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Martje van Noorden
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Cassie-Marie Peigné
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; University of Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Rimke Oostvogels
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jan Schuurhuis
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081, the Netherlands
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, 929 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; University of Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6299, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands.
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99
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Jarry U, Chauvin C, Joalland N, Léger A, Minault S, Robard M, Bonneville M, Oliver L, Vallette FM, Vié H, Pecqueur C, Scotet E. Stereotaxic administrations of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells efficiently control the development of human glioblastoma brain tumors. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1168554. [PMID: 27471644 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1168554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most frequent and deadliest primary brain tumor. Aggressive treatment still fails to eliminate deep brain infiltrative and highly resistant tumor cells. Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the major peripheral blood γδ T cell subset, react against a wide array of tumor cells and represent attractive immune effector T cells for the design of antitumor therapies. This study aims at providing a preclinical rationale for immunotherapies in GBM based on stereotaxic administration of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The feasibility and the antitumor efficacy of stereotaxic Vγ9Vδ2 T cell injections have been investigated in orthotopic GBM mice model using selected heterogeneous and invasive primary human GBM cells. Allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells survive and patrol for several days within the brain parenchyma following adoptive transfer and can successfully eliminate infiltrative GBM primary cells. These striking observations pave the way for optimized stereotaxic antitumor immunotherapies targeting human allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jarry
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Chauvin
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Noémie Joalland
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Léger
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Minault
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299 , Nantes, France
| | - Myriam Robard
- Cellular and Tissular Imaging Core Facility of Nantes University (MicroPICell), Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, University of Nantes , Nantes, France
| | - Marc Bonneville
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France; Hotel Dieu, Hôpital de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - François M Vallette
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Henri Vié
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- INSERM, U892, Nantes, France, Univ Nantes, Nantes, France, CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
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100
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Toia F, Buccheri S, Anfosso A, Moschella F, Dieli F, Meraviglia S, Cordova A. Skewed Differentiation of Circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes in Melanoma and Impact on Clinical Outcome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149570. [PMID: 26915072 PMCID: PMC4767817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate over time circulating γδ T lymphocytes in melanoma patients in terms of frequency, effector functions, and relationship with clinical stage and evolution, by comparing preoperative values to those obtained at a mean follow-up of 36 months or in the event of recurrence or disease progression, and to those of healthy controls. Also, we correlated the presence of tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes with clinical evolution of melanoma. Results Mean frequencies of circulating γδ T cells before and after melanoma removal were very similar and comparable to healthy subjects, but patients who progressed to stage III or IV showed a significantly decreased frequency of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 memory and effector subsets was similar in healthy subjects and melanoma patients at diagnosis, but circulating γδ T cells of patients after melanoma removal had a skewed terminally-differentiated effector memory phenotype. Highly suggestive of progressive differentiation toward a cytotoxic phenotype, Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients at follow up had increased cytotoxic potential and limited cytokine production capability, while the opposite pattern was detected in Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients before melanoma removal. Conclusions Follow-up data also showed that tumor infiltrating γδ T cells were significantly associated with lower mortality and relapse rates, suggesting that they may serve as a prognostic biomarker, for human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Toia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Buccheri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Transplantation, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ampelio Anfosso
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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