51
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Biopeptides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in the prevention and treatment of diabesity disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:816-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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52
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Li Y, Jiang Z, Xue D, Deng G, Li M, Liu X, Wang Y. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces sheep airway epithelial cell apoptosis through an ERK signalling-mediated mitochondria pathway. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:222. [PMID: 27663303 PMCID: PMC5035462 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is a species of Mycoplasma bacteria that specifically infects sheep and goat, causing ovine infectious pleuropneumonia. However, the mechanism underlying the pathogen-host interaction between M. ovipneumoniae and airway epithelial cells is unknown. Methods A primary air-liquid interface (ALI) epithelial culture model generated from the bronchial epithelial cells of Ningxia Tan sheep (ovis aries) was employed to explore the potential mechanism of M. ovipneumoniae-induced cell apoptosis by characterizing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidative enzymes, as well as the mitochondrial membrane potentials, cytochrome C release, and activities of ERK and caspase signalling pathways. Results Increased ROS production and MDA concentration with mitochondrial membrane dysfunction and apoptotic cell death but decreased expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione synthetase (GSS), total superoxide dismutaes (T-SOD) and Mn-SOD were observed in sheep airway epithelial cells infected with M. ovipneumoniae. Mechanistically, the M. ovipneumoniae-induced cell apoptosis and disruption of mitochondrial integrity reflected mechanisms by which pathogen-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling sequentially led to mitochondrial damage and release of Cyt-C into the cytoplasm, which in turn triggered the activation of caspase signalling cascade, resulting in the apoptosis of host cells. Conclusions These results suggest that M. ovipneumoniae-induced ROS and MAPK signalling-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways might play key roles in the pathogenesis of M. ovipneumoniae infection in sheep lungs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0842-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Zhongjia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Di Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Guangcun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China. .,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China. .,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China. .,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
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53
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Guo R, Lin B, Pan JF, Liong EC, Xu AM, Youdim M, Fung ML, So KF, Tipoe GL. Inhibition of caspase-9 aggravates acute liver injury through suppression of cytoprotective autophagy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32447. [PMID: 27580936 PMCID: PMC5007529 DOI: 10.1038/srep32447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver disease is characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress and necrosis, which can greatly influence the long term clinical outcome and lead to liver failure or cancer. Here, we initially demonstrated the beneficial role of caspase-9-dependent autophagy in acute liver injury. Treatment with caspase-9 inhibitor z-LEHD-FMK in HepG2 cells, AML12 cells and C57BL/b6N mice exacerbated CCl4-induced acute hepatocellular damage, and also down-regulated autophagy markers expression levels, indicating that caspase-9 inhibition may aggravate acute liver damage by suppressing cytoprotective autophagy. CCl4 was used as an acute liver injury inducer which caused oxidative stress and apoptosis through up-regulation of HIF-1α, as well as triggered hepatic inflammation and necroptosis via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Caspase-9 Thr125 site was firstly phosphorylated by ERK1/2 which subsequently activated the cytoprotective autophagy process to attenuate acute CCl4 injury. Caspase-9 inhibition further aggravated hepatic necroptosis through NF-κB expression, leading to increased pro-inflammatory mediators levels, suggesting a protective role of caspase-9-dependent autophagy in the inflammatory process as well as its possibility being a new therapeutic target for the treatment of acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Fei Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Emily C Liong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Ai Min Xu
- Brain Hormone Healthy Aging Centre, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Moussa Youdim
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Man Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong.,Brain Hormone Healthy Aging Centre, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Fai So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong.,Brain Hormone Healthy Aging Centre, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - George L Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong.,Brain Hormone Healthy Aging Centre, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
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54
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Thurlow SE, Kilgour DP, Campopiano DJ, Mackay CL, Langridge-Smith PRR, Clarke DJ, Campbell CJ. Determination of Protein Thiol Reduction Potential by Isotope Labeling and Intact Mass Measurement. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2727-33. [PMID: 26881737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation/reduction of thiol residues in proteins is an important type of post-translational modification that is implicated in regulating a range of biological processes. The nature of the modification makes it possible to define a quantifiable electrochemical potential (E(⊕)) for oxidation/reduction that allows cysteine-containing proteins to be ranked based on their propensity to be oxidized. Measuring oxidation of cysteine residues in proteins is difficult using standard electrochemical methods, but top-down mass spectrometry recently has been shown to enable the quantification of E(⊕) for thiol oxidations. In this paper, we demonstrate that mass spectrometry of intact proteins can be used in combination with an isotopic labeling strategy and an automated data analysis algorithm to measure E(⊕) for the thiols in both E. coli Thioredoxin 1 and human Thioredoxin 1. Our methodology relies on accurate mass measurement of proteins using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analyses and does not necessarily require top-down fragmentation. In addition to analyzing homogeneous protein samples, we also demonstrate that our methodology can be used to determine thiol E(⊕) measurements in samples that contain mixtures of proteins. Thus, the combination of experimential methodology and data analysis regime has the potential to make such measurements in a high-throughput manner and in a manner that is more accessible to a broad community of protein scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Thurlow
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - David P Kilgour
- Chemistry and Forensics, Rosalind Franklin Building, Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Campus, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic J Campopiano
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - C Logan Mackay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pat R R Langridge-Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - David J Clarke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Campbell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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55
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Božić A, Marinković A, Bjelogrlić S, Todorović TR, Cvijetić IN, Novaković I, Muller CD, Filipović NR. Quinoline based mono- and bis-(thio)carbohydrazones: synthesis, anticancer activity in 2D and 3D cancer and cancer stem cell models. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of antitumor activity of mono- and bis-quinoline based (thio)carbohydrazones on THP-1 and AsPC-1 cancer stem cells, revealed that thiocarbohydrazones had superior pro-apoptotic activity than carbohydrazones with multi-target profile activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Božić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Ilija N. Cvijetić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Irena Novaković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Christian D. Muller
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien
- UMR 7178
- CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67401 Illkirch
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56
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Zhang L, Wang K, Lei Y, Li Q, Nice EC, Huang C. Redox signaling: Potential arbitrator of autophagy and apoptosis in therapeutic response. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:452-65. [PMID: 26454086 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Redox signaling plays important roles in the regulation of cell death and survival in response to cancer therapy. Autophagy and apoptosis are discrete cellular processes mediated by distinct groups of regulatory and executioner molecules, and both are thought to be cellular responses to various stress conditions including oxidative stress, therefore controlling cell fate. Basic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may function as signals to promote cell proliferation and survival, whereas increase of ROS can induce autophagy and apoptosis by damaging cellular components. Growing evidence in recent years argues for ROS that below detrimental levels acting as intracellular signal transducers that regulate autophagy and apoptosis. ROS-regulated autophagy and apoptosis can cross-talk with each other. However, how redox signaling determines different cell fates by regulating autophagy and apoptosis remains unclear. In this review, we will focus on understanding the delicate molecular mechanism by which autophagy and apoptosis are finely orchestrated by redox signaling and discuss how this understanding can be used to develop strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, P.R. China
| | - Edouard Collins Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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57
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Porter JB, de Witte T, Cappellini MD, Gattermann N. New insights into transfusion-related iron toxicity: Implications for the oncologist. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 99:261-71. [PMID: 26806144 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload is a potentially life-threatening consequence of multiple red-blood-cell transfusions. Here, we review factors affecting excess iron distribution and its damage to specific tissues, as well as mechanisms of oncogenesis by iron. Although consequences of transfusional iron overload are best described in thalassemia major and related inherited anemias, they are increasingly recognized in acquired conditions, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Iron overload in MDS not only impacts on certain tissues, but may affect the clonal evolution of MDS through generation of reactive oxygen species. Iron overload may also influence hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation outcomes. Novel MRI methods for assessing body iron have impacted significantly on outcome in inherited anemias by allowing monitoring of iron burden and iron chelation therapy. This approach is increasingly being used in MDS and stem-cell-transplant procedures. Knowledge gained from managing transfusional iron overload in inherited anemias may be translated to general oncology, with potential for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Porter
- Department of Haematology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Theo de Witte
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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58
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Iannuzzi C, Carafa V, Altucci L, Irace G, Borriello M, Vinciguerra R, Sirangelo I. Glycation of Wild-Type Apomyoglobin Induces Formation of Highly Cytotoxic Oligomeric Species. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2807-20. [PMID: 25846844 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation is a non-enzymatic, irreversible modification of protein amino groups by reactive carbonyl species leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Several proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases have been found to be glycated in vivo and the extent of glycation is related to the pathologies of the patients. Although it is now accepted that there is a direct correlation between AGEs formation and the development of neurodegenerative diseases related to protein misfolding and amyloid aggregation, several questions still remain unanswered: whether glycation is the triggering event or just an additional factor acting on the aggregation pathway. We have recently shown that glycation of the amyloidogenic W7FW14F apomyoglobin mutant significantly accelerates the amyloid fibrils formation providing evidence that glycation actively participates to the process. In the present study, to test if glycation can be considered also a triggering factor in amyloidosis, we evaluated the ability of different glycation agents to induce amyloid aggregation in the soluble wild-type apomyoglobin. Our results show that glycation covalently modifies apomyoglobin and induces conformational changes that lead to the formation of oligomeric species that are not implicated in amyloid aggregation. Thus, AGEs formation does not trigger amyloid aggregation in the wild-type apomyoglobin but only induce the formation of soluble oligomeric species able to affect cell viability. The molecular bases of cell toxicity induced by AGEs formed upon glycation of wild-type apomyoglobin have been also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Iannuzzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Protein Biochemistry, IBP-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, IGB-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Irace
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Sirangelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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59
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Nguyen DM, Parekh PR, Chang ET, Sharma NK, Carrier F. Contribution of Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) to Hyper-Radiosensitivity in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Radiat Res 2015. [PMID: 26207686 DOI: 10.1667/rr13661.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Whole-abdominal radiotherapy (WART) is a primary method for managing gastrointestinal cancers that have disseminated into intra-abdominal tissues. While effective, this approach is limited because of the increased toxicity to normal tissue associated with combined WART and full-dose chemotherapy regimens. Recent studies have demonstrated a survival advantage in a novel treatment paradigm that allows for the safe use of full-dose systemic chemotherapy in combination with low-dose fractionated radiotherapy (LDFRT). Traditionally, radiation doses greater than 120 cGy have been used in radiotherapy because lower doses were thought to be ineffective for tumor therapy. However, we now know that LDFRT can produce hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS), a phenomenon where cells undergo apoptosis at radiation doses as low as 15 cGy, in a number of proliferating cells. The objectives of our current study were to determine whether LDFRT can induce HRS in gastrointestinal cancer cells and to identify biomarkers of chemopotentiation by LDFRT. Our data indicate that three consecutive daily fractions of 15 cGy produced HRS in gastric cancer cells and potentiated a modified regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5'-fluorouracil (mDCF). Colony survival assays indicated that 15 cGy was sufficient to kill 90% of the cells when LDFRT was combined with mDCF whereas a dose almost 10 times higher (135 cGy) was needed to achieve the same rate when using conventional radiotherapy alone. RT(2) PCR Profiler™ array analysis indicated that this combined regimen upregulated dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), an enzyme functioning in the production of hydrogen peroxide, without upregulating genes involved in DNA repair. Moreover, downregulation of DUOX2 increased radioresistance at every radiation dose tested. In addition, our data indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase up to 3.5-fold in cells exposed to LDFRT and mDCF. Furthermore, inhibition of NADPH oxidase abrogated the killing efficiency of this combined regimen. Taken together these data suggest that chemopotentiation by LDFRT in gastric cancer cells may be due, at least in part, to increased ROS production (DUOX2) without upregulation of the DNA repair machinery. These data thus provide a rationale for further explorations of potential clinical applications of LDFRT, such as in WART, as a chemopotentiator for advanced and metastatic gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc M Nguyen
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Palak R Parekh
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Elizabeth T Chang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Navesh K Sharma
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - France Carrier
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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60
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Kim DW, Lee KT, Kwon J, Lee HJ, Lee D, Mar W. Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by 5,7-Dihydroxychromone: Activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Life Sci 2015; 130:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Cao Y, Wei W, Zhang N, Yu Q, Xu WB, Yu WJ, Chen GQ, Wu YL, Yan H. Oridonin stabilizes retinoic acid receptor alpha through ROS-activated NF-κB signaling. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:248. [PMID: 25886043 PMCID: PMC4403721 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) plays an essential role in the regulation of many biological processes, such as hematopoietic cell differentiation, while abnormal RARα function contributes to the pathogenesis of certain diseases including cancers, especially acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Recently, oridonin, a natural diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, was demonstrated to regulate RARα by increasing its protein level. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for this action has not been fully elucidated. Methods In the APL cell line, NB4, the effect of oridonin on RARα protein was analyzed by western blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Flow cytometry was performed to detect intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The association between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and the effect of oridonin was assessed using specific inhibitors, shRNA gene knockdown, and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, primary leukemia cells were treated with oridonin and analyzed by western blot in this study. Results RARα possesses transcriptional activity in the presence of its ligand, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Oridonin remarkably stabilized the RARα protein, which retained transcriptional activity. Oridonin also moderately increased intracellular ROS levels, while pretreatment with the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), dramatically abrogated RARα stabilization by oridonin. More intriguingly, direct exposure to low concentrations of H2O2 also increased RARα protein but not mRNA levels, suggesting a role for ROS in oridonin stabilization of RARα protein. Further investigations showed that NAC antagonized oridonin-induced activation of NF-κB signaling, while the NF-κB signaling inhibitor, Bay 11–7082, effectively blocked the oridonin increase in RARα protein levels. In line with this, over-expression of IκΒα (A32/36), a super-repressor form of IκΒα, or NF-κB-p65 knockdown inhibited oridonin or H2O2-induced RARα stability. Finally, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a classical activator of NF-κB signaling, modulated the stability of RARα protein. Conclusions Oridonin stabilizes RARα protein by increasing cellular ROS levels, which causes activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Yu
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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62
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Porter JB, Garbowski M. The pathophysiology of transfusional iron overload. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 28:683-701, vi. [PMID: 25064708 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiologic consequences of transfusional iron overload (TIO) as well as the benefits of iron chelation therapy are best described in thalassemia major, although TIO is increasingly seen in other clinical settings. These consequences broadly reflect the levels and distribution of excess storage iron in the heart, endocrine tissues, and liver. TIO also increases the risk of infection, due to increased availability of labile iron to microorganisms. The authors suggest that extrahepatic iron distribution, and hence toxicity, is influenced by balance between generation of nontransferrin-bound iron from red cell catabolism and the utilization of transferrin iron by the erythron.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Porter
- Department of Haematology, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Maciej Garbowski
- Department of Haematology, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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63
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Bou-Hanna C, Jarry A, Lode L, Schmitz I, Schulze-Osthoff K, Kury S, Bezieau S, Mosnier JF, Laboisse CL. Acute cytotoxicity of MIRA-1/NSC19630, a mutant p53-reactivating small molecule, against human normal and cancer cells via a caspase-9-dependent apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:211-7. [PMID: 25617798 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have focused on the mechanisms of action of the candidate chemotherapeutic drug MIRA-1/NSC19630, initially described as a mutant p53-reactivating small molecule, the issue of its toxicological evaluation remains open. Here, we devised a strategy to examine the effects of MIRA-1 on a variety of human normal cells and cancer cell lines. First, we demonstrated a massive and rapid (within 2 hours) MIRA-1 apoptotic effect on human normal primary epithelial cells as shown using an intestinal mucosa explant assay. MIRA-1 was also cytotoxic to primary and subcultured human mesenchymal cells. Interestingly these effects were restricted to actively proliferating cells. Second, MIRA-1 acute toxicity was independent of p53, since it occurred in human normal cells with increased or silenced p53 expression level, in cancer cells derived from solid or liquid tumors, with either mutated or wt TP53, and in cancer cells devoid of p53. Third, combined pharmacological and genetic approaches showed that MIRA-1 acute cytotoxicity was mediated by a caspase-9-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, our strategy unveils the limitations of the targeted action of a small molecule designed to reactivate mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Bou-Hanna
- EA4273 Biometadys, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Anne Jarry
- EA4273 Biometadys, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, France
| | | | - Ingo Schmitz
- Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Sébastien Kury
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Bezieau
- EA4273 Biometadys, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Mosnier
- EA4273 Biometadys, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, France; Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Christian L Laboisse
- EA4273 Biometadys, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, France; Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Nantes, France.
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Zhao Y, Zhou P, Liu B, Bambakidis T, Mazitschek R, Alam HB, Li Y. Protective effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver damage in rodents. J Surg Res 2014; 194:544-550. [PMID: 25479907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a deleterious effect on several organs, including the liver, and eventually leads to endotoxic shock and death. LPS-induced hepatotoxicity is characterized by disturbed intracellular redox balance and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, leading to liver injury. We have shown that treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, improves survival in a murine model of LPS-induced shock, but the protective effect of SAHA against liver damage remains unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying SAHA action in murine livers. METHOD Male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 wk), weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into three groups: (A) a sham group was given isotonic sodium chloride solution (10 μL/g body weight, intraperitoneal, i.p.) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 1 μL/g body weight, i.p.); (B) an LPS group was challenged with LPS (20 mg/kg, i.p.) dissolved in isotonic sodium chloride solution with DMSO; (C) and an LPS plus SAHA group was treated with SAHA (50 mg/kg, i.p.) dissolved in DMSO immediately after injection of LPS (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Mice were anesthetized, and their livers were harvested 6 or 24 h after injection to analyze whether SAHA affected production of ROS and activation of apoptotic proteins in the liver cells of challenged mice. RESULTS SAHA counteracted LPS-induced production of ROS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite) and reversed an LPS-induced decrease in antioxidant enzyme, glutathione. SAHA also attenuated LPS-induced hepatic apoptosis. Moreover, SAHA inhibited activation of the redox-sensitive kinase, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate, for the first time, that SAHA is capable of alleviating LPS-induced hepatotoxicity and suggest that a blockade of the upstream events required for apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 action may serve as a new therapeutic option in the treatment of LPS-induced inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhao
- School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Zhou
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Baoling Liu
- Trauma Translational & Clinical Research, Section of General Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ted Bambakidis
- Trauma Translational & Clinical Research, Section of General Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Trauma Translational & Clinical Research, Section of General Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Yongqing Li
- Trauma Translational & Clinical Research, Section of General Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Wang RB, Zhou W, Meng QQ, Zhang X, Ding J, Xu Y, Song HL, Yang K, Cui JH, Li SS. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of shikonin and alkannin derivatives as potential anticancer agents via a prodrug approach. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2798-808. [PMID: 25234005 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To minimize the cytotoxicity of shikonin and alkannin that arises through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alkylation of the naphthazarin ring, two series of novel core-scaffold-modified shikonin and alkannin derivatives were designed. These derivatives, which differ in their configurational and positional isomerism (R-, S-, and 2- and 6-isomers) were synthesized in high enantiomeric excess (>99 % ee). The selectivity of the dimethylated derivatives was significantly higher than the parent shikonin in vitro, but some side effects were still observed in vivo. Surprisingly, the dimethylated diacetyl derivatives with poor anticancer activity in vitro showed tumor-inhibiting effects similar to paclitaxel without any toxicity in vivo. The anticancer activity of these derivatives is in agreement with their low ROS generation and alkylating capacity, emphasizing their potential as prodrugs. This strategy provides means to address the nonspecific cytotoxicity of naphthazarin analogues toward normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 (China)
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Figueiredo CR, Matsuo AL, Pereira FV, Rabaça AN, Farias CF, Girola N, Massaoka MH, Azevedo RA, Scutti JAB, Arruda DC, Silva LP, Rodrigues EG, Lago JHG, Travassos LR, Silva RMG. Pyrostegia venusta heptane extract containing saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons induces apoptosis on B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells and displays antitumor activity in vivo. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S363-76. [PMID: 24991116 PMCID: PMC4078348 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyrostegia venusta (Ker. Gawl.) Miers (Bignoniacea) is a medicinal plant from the Brazilian Cerrado used to treat leucoderma and common diseases of the respiratory system. Objective: To investigate the antitumor activity of P.venusta extracts against melanoma. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activity and tumor induced cell death of heptane extract (HE) from P. venusta flowers was evaluated against murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells in vitro and in a syngeneic model in vivo. Results: We found that HE induced apoptosis in melanoma cells by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of reactive oxygen species and late apoptosis evidenced by plasma membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, exposure of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface and activation of caspase-2,-3,-8,-9. HE was also protective against singeneyc subcutaneous melanoma HE compounds were also able to induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases on tumor cells. On fractionation of HE in silica gel we isolated a cytotoxic fraction that contained a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons identified by 1H NMR and GC-MS analyses. Predominant species were octacosane (C28H58-36%) and triacontane (C30H62-13%), which individually showed significant cytotoxic activity against murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells in vitro and a very promising antitumor protection against subcutaneous melanoma in vivo. Conclusion: The results suggest that the components of the heptane extract, mainly octasane and triacontane, which showed antitumor properties in experimental melanoma upon regional administration, might also be therapeutic in human cancer, such as in the mostly epidermal and slowly invasive melanomas, such as acral lentiginous melanoma, as an adjuvant treatment to surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Figueiredo
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alisson L Matsuo
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Pereira
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline N Rabaça
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camyla F Farias
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nátalia Girola
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana H Massaoka
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge A B Scutti
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise C Arruda
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Phytochemistry Laboratory. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Elaine G Rodrigues
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division and Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regildo M G Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Phytochemistry Laboratory. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Scialo F, Mallikarjun V, Stefanatos R, Sanz A. Regulation of lifespan by the mitochondrial electron transport chain: reactive oxygen species-dependent and reactive oxygen species-independent mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1953-69. [PMID: 22938137 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aging is a consequence of the accumulation of cellular damage that impairs the capacity of an aging organism to adapt to stress. The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging (MFRTA) has been one of the most influential ideas over the past 50 years. The MFRTA is supported by the accumulation of oxidative damage during aging along with comparative studies demonstrating that long-lived species or individuals produce fewer mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and have lower levels of oxidative damage. RECENT ADVANCES Recently, however, species that combine high oxidative damage with a longer lifespan (i.e., naked mole rats) have been described. Moreover, most of the interventions based on antioxidant supplementation do not increase longevity, as would be predicted by the MFRTA. Studies to date provide a clear understanding that mitochondrial function regulates the rate of aging, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and ROS-independent mechanisms by which mitochondria can affect longevity. We discuss the role of different ROS (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical), both as oxidants as well as signaling molecules. We also describe how mitochondria can regulate longevity by ROS-independent mechanisms. We discuss alterations in mitochondrial DNA, accumulation of cellular waste as a consequence of glyco- and lipoxidative damage, and the regulation of DNA maintenance enzymes as mechanisms that can determine longevity without involving ROS. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We also show how the regulation of longevity is a complex process whereby ROS-dependent and ROS-independent mechanisms interact to determine the maximum lifespan of species and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scialo
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Technology and Tampere University Hospital , University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Das S, Das J, Samadder A, Paul A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Strategic formulation of apigenin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for intracellular trafficking, DNA targeting and improved therapeutic effects in skin melanoma in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:124-38. [PMID: 24070738 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the evaluation of anti-proliferative potentials of apigenin (Ap), (a dietary flavonoid) loaded in poly (lactic-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NAp) in A375 cells in vitro. NAp was characterized for particle size, morphology, zeta potential, drug release and encapsulation. Cellular entry and intracellular localization of NAp were assessed by transmission electron and confocal microscopies. Circular dichroic spectral analysis and stability curve for Gibb's free energy of dsDNA of A375 cells were also analyzed. DNA fragmentation, intracellular ROS accumulation, superoxide-dismutase activity, intracellular glutathione-reductase content and mitochondrial functioning through relevant markers like mitochondrial transmembrane potential, ATPase activity, ATP/ADP ratio, volume changes/swelling, cytochrome-c release, expressions of Apaf-1, bax, bcl-2, caspase-9, 3, and PARP cleavage were analyzed. NAp produced better effects due to their smaller size, faster mobility and site-specific action. Photostability studies revealed that PLGA encapsulations were efficient at preserving apigenin ultraviolet-light mediated photodegradation. NAp readily entered cancer cells, could intercalate with dsDNA, inducing conformational change. Corresponding increase in ROS accumulation and depletion of the antioxidant enzyme activities exacerbated DNA damage, mediating apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall results indicate that therapeutic efficacy of NAp may be enhanced by PLGA nanoparticle formulations to have better ameliorative potentials in combating skin melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreemanti Das
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India; Boiron Laboratories, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are key signalling platforms that detect pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors, and that activate the highly pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. In this Review, we discuss the complex regulatory mechanisms that facilitate a balanced but effective inflammasome-mediated immune response, and we highlight the similarities to another molecular signalling platform - the apoptosome - that monitors cellular health. Extracellular regulatory mechanisms are discussed, as well as the intracellular control of inflammasome assembly, for example, via ion fluxes, free radicals and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is conserved from worms to humans and plays a critical role in the normal development and homeostatic control of adult tissues. As a result, numerous diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration are associated with either too little or too much apoptosis. RECENT ADVANCES B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family members regulate cell death, primarily via their effects on mitochondria. In stressed cells, proapoptotic BCL-2 family members promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and cytochrome c (cyt c) release into the cytoplasm, where it stimulates formation of the "apoptosome." This large, multimeric complex is composed of the adapter protein, apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, and the cysteine protease, caspase-9. Recent studies suggest that proteins involved in the processes leading up to (and including) formation of the apoptosome are subject to various forms of post-translational modification, including proteolysis, phosphorylation, and in some cases, direct oxidative modification. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite intense investigation of the intrinsic pathway, significant questions remain regarding how cyt c is released from mitochondria, how the apoptosome is formed and regulated, and how caspase-9 is activated within the complex. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies on the biochemistry of MOMP and apoptosome formation are needed to understand the mechanisms that underpin these critical processes, and novel animal models will be necessary in the future to ascertain the importance of the many posttranslational modifications reported for BCL-2 family members and components of the apoptosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chiao Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Mao L, Franke J. Hormesis in aging and neurodegeneration-a prodigy awaiting dissection. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13109-28. [PMID: 23799363 PMCID: PMC3742177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis describes the drug action of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. The hormesis phenomenon has been observed in a wide range of biological systems. Although known in its descriptive context, the underlying mode-of-action of hormesis is largely unexplored. Recently, the hormesis concept has been receiving increasing attention in the field of aging research. It has been proposed that within a certain concentration window, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) could act as major mediators of anti-aging and neuroprotective processes. Such hormetic phenomena could have potential therapeutic applications, if properly employed. Here, we review the current theories of hormetic phenomena in regard to aging and neurodegeneration, with the focus on its underlying mechanism. Facilitated by a simple mathematical model, we show for the first time that ROS-mediated hormesis can be explained by the addition of different biomolecular reactions including oxidative damage, MAPK signaling and autophagy stimulation. Due to their divergent scales, the optimal hormetic window is sensitive to each kinetic parameter, which may vary between individuals. Therefore, therapeutic utilization of hormesis requires quantitative characterizations in order to access the optimal hormetic window for each individual. This calls for a personalized medicine approach for a longer human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mao
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, Berlin 12459, Germany; E-Mail:
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenbruger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-30-5019-3616; Fax: +49-30-5019-3648
| | - Jacqueline Franke
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, Berlin 12459, Germany; E-Mail:
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Maillet A, Yadav S, Loo YL, Sachaphibulkij K, Pervaiz S. A novel Osmium-based compound targets the mitochondria and triggers ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e653. [PMID: 23744353 PMCID: PMC3698552 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of the mitochondrial-death amplification pathway is an essential component in chemotherapeutic execution of cancer cells. Therefore, identification of mitochondria-targeting agents has become an attractive avenue for novel drug discovery. Here, we report the anticancer activity of a novel Osmium-based organometallic compound (hereafter named Os) on different colorectal carcinoma cell lines. HCT116 cell line was highly sensitive to Os and displayed characteristic features of autophagy and apoptosis; however, inhibition of autophagy did not rescue cell death unlike the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Furthermore, Os significantly altered mitochondrial morphology, disrupted electron transport flux, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP levels, and triggered a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Interestingly, the sensitivity of cell lines to Os was linked to its ability to induce mitochondrial ROS production (HCT116 and RKO) as HT29 and SW620 cell lines that failed to show an increase in ROS were resistant to the death-inducing activity of Os. Finally, intra-peritoneal injections of Os significantly inhibited tumor formation in a murine model of HCT116 carcinogenesis, and pretreatment with Os significantly enhanced tumor cell sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. These data highlight the mitochondria-targeting activity of this novel compound with potent anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo, which could have potential implications for strategic therapeutic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- ROS, Apoptosis and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen KE, Richards AA, Caradoc-Davies TT, Vajjhala PR, Robin G, Lua LHL, Hill JM, Schroder K, Sweet MJ, Kellie S, Kobe B, Martin J. The structure of the caspase recruitment domain of BinCARD reveals that all three cysteines can be oxidized. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:774-84. [PMID: 23633586 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain (CARD) is present in death-domain superfamily proteins involved in inflammation and apoptosis. BinCARD is named for its ability to interact with Bcl10 and inhibit downstream signalling. Human BinCARD is expressed as two isoforms that encode the same N-terminal CARD region but which differ considerably in their C-termini. Both isoforms are expressed in immune cells, although BinCARD-2 is much more highly expressed. Crystals of the CARD fold common to both had low symmetry (space group P1). Molecular replacement was unsuccessful in this low-symmetry space group and, as the construct contains no methionines, first one and then two residues were engineered to methionine for MAD phasing. The double-methionine variant was produced as a selenomethionine derivative, which was crystallized and the structure was solved using data measured at two wavelengths. The crystal structures of the native and selenomethionine double mutant were refined to high resolution (1.58 and 1.40 Å resolution, respectively), revealing the presence of a cis-peptide bond between Tyr39 and Pro40. Unexpectedly, the native crystal structure revealed that all three cysteines were oxidized. The mitochondrial localization of BinCARD-2 and the susceptibility of its CARD region to redox modification points to the intriguing possibility of a redox-regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai En Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Du Q, Hu B, An HM, Shen KP, Xu L, Deng S, Wei MM. Synergistic anticancer effects of curcumin and resveratrol in Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1851-8. [PMID: 23446753 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Curcuma aromatica and Polygonum cuspidatum are one of the commonly used paired-herbs for liver cancer treatment. Curcumin and resveratrol are the major anticancer constituents of Curcuma aromatica and Polygonum cuspidatum, respectively. Curcumin and resveratrol have been found to exhibit a synergistic anticancer effect in colon cancer. However, the combined effect of curcumin and resveratrol against hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the combined effects of curcumin and resveratrol in hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa1-6 cells. The results showed that curcumin and resveratrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of Hepa1-6 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The combination treatment of curcumin and resveratrol elicited a synergistic antiproliferative effect in Hepa1-6 cells. The apoptosis of Hepa1-6 cells induced by the combination treatment with curcumin and resveratrol was accompanied by caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation, which was completely abrogated by a pan caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Combination of curcumin and resveratrol upregulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Hepa1-6 cells. The ROS scavenger, NAC, partially attenuated the apoptosis and caspase activation induced by the combination treatment of curcumin and resveratrol. In addition, the combination of curcumin and resveratrol downregulated XIAP and survivin expression. These data suggest that the combination treatment of curcumin and resveratrol is a promising novel anticancer strategy for liver cancer. The present study also provides new insights into the effective mechanism of paired-herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Du
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Scotcher J, Clarke DJ, Mackay CL, Hupp T, Sadler PJ, Langridge-Smith PRR. Redox regulation of tumour suppressor protein p53: identification of the sites of hydrogen peroxide oxidation and glutathionylation. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21702c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Shi Y, Mellier G, Huang S, White J, Pervaiz S, Tucker-Kellogg L. Computational modelling of LY303511 and TRAIL-induced apoptosis suggests dynamic regulation of cFLIP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 29:347-54. [PMID: 23239672 PMCID: PMC3562069 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION TRAIL has been widely studied for the ability to kill cancer cells selectively, but its clinical usefulness has been hindered by the development of resistance. Multiple compounds have been identified that sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The drug LY303511 (LY30), combined with TRAIL, caused synergistic (greater than additive) killing of multiple cancer cell lines. We used mathematical modelling and ordinary differential equations to represent how LY30 and TRAIL individually affect HeLa cells, and to predict how the combined treatment achieves synergy. RESULTS Model-based predictions were compared with in vitro experiments. The combination treatment model was successful at mimicking the synergistic levels of cell death caused by LY30 and TRAIL combined. However, there were significant failures of the model to mimic upstream activation at early time points, particularly the slope of caspase-8 activation. This flaw in the model led us to perform additional measurements of early caspase-8 activation. Surprisingly, caspase-8 exhibited a transient decrease in activity after LY30 treatment, prior to strong activation. cFLIP, an inhibitor of caspase-8 activation, was up-regulated briefly after 30 min of LY30 treatment, followed by a significant down-regulation over prolonged exposure. A further model suggested that LY30-induced fluctuation of cFLIP might result from tilting the ratio of two key species of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Computational modelling extracted novel biological implications from measured dynamics, identified time intervals with unexplained effects, and clarified the non-monotonic effects of the drug LY30 on cFLIP during cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, E4-04-10, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore
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Mallikarjun V, Clarke DJ, Campbell CJ. Cellular redox potential and the biomolecular electrochemical series: a systems hypothesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:280-8. [PMID: 22609360 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of cellular redox potential in the regulation of protein activity is becoming increasingly appreciated and characterized. In this paper we put forward a new hypothesis relating to redox regulation of cellular physiology. We have exemplified our hypothesis using apoptosis since its redox phenomenology is well established, but believe that it is equally applicable to several other pathways. Our hypothesis is that since multiple proteins in the apoptosis pathway are thought to be regulated via oxidation/reduction reactions and since cellular redox potentials have been shown to become progressively more oxidative during apoptosis, that the proteins could be arranged in an electrochemical series where the protein's standard potential correlates with its position in the pathway. Since the most stable oxidation state of the protein is determined by its standard potential and the redox potential of its environment (in a way predictable by the Nernst equation), a quantitative model of the redox regulation of the pathway could be developed. We have outlined our hypothesis, illustrating it using a pathway map which assembles a selection of the literature on apoptosis into a readable graphical format. We have also outlined experimental approaches suitable for testing our hypothesis.
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Wang Y, Yang J, Yang K, Cang H, Huang XZ, Li H, Yi J. The biphasic redox sensing of SENP3 accounts for the HIF-1 transcriptional activity shift by oxidative stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:953-63. [PMID: 22684029 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the biphasic redox regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcriptional activity under different levels of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxidative species (ROS). METHODS HeLa cells were exposed to different concentrations of H(2)O(2) as a simple model for mild and severe oxidative stress. Luciferase reporter assay and/or quantitative real-time PCR were used to investigate the transcriptional activity. Immunoblot was used to detect protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to detect HIF-1/DNA binding. The interaction of p300 with HIF-1α or with SENP3, and the SUMO2/3 conjugation states of p300 were examined by coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS HIF-1 transcriptional activity in HeLa cells was enhanced by low doses (0.05-0.5 mmol/L) of H(2)O(2), but suppressed by high doses (0.75-8.0 mmol/L) of H(2)O(2). The amount of co-activator p300 bound to HIF-1α in HeLa cells was increased under mild oxidative stress, but decreased under severe oxidative stress. The ROS levels differentially modified cysteines 243 and 532 in the cysteine protease SENP3, regulating the interaction of SENP3 with p300 to cause different SUMOylation of p300, thus shifting HIF-1 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION The shift of HIF-1 transactivation by ROS is correlated with and dependent on the biphasic redox sensing of SENP3 that leads to the differential SENP3/p300 interaction and the consequent fluctuation in the p300 SUMOylation status.
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79
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Massaoka MH, Matsuo AL, Figueiredo CR, Farias CF, Girola N, Arruda DC, Scutti JAB, Romoff P, Favero OA, Ferreira MJP, Lago JHG, Travassos LR. Jacaranone induces apoptosis in melanoma cells via ROS-mediated downregulation of Akt and p38 MAPK activation and displays antitumor activity in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38698. [PMID: 22701695 PMCID: PMC3368838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is a deadly type of metastatic skin cancer with increased incidence over the past 30 years. Despite the advanced knowledge on the biology, immunobiology and molecular genetics of melanoma, the alternatives of treatment are limited with poor prognosis. On clinical trials, natural products and among them redox-active quinones have been tested in the attempt to control the growth of cancer cells. Recently, we isolated jacaranone from Pentacalia desiderabilis, a benzoquinone derivative that showed a broad antitumor activity and protective anti-melanoma effect in a syngeneic model. The purified substance is active at micromolar concentrations, is not hemolytic, and is not toxic in naïve mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The jacaranone antitumor activity was shown against several human cancer cell lines in vitro. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis in murine melanoma cells and jacaranone antitumor activity in vivo, in a melanoma experimental model, were also shown. Jacaranone renders antiproliferative and proapoptotic responses in tumor cells, by acting on Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The free radical scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) was able to completely suppress cell death induced by jacaranone as it blocked Akt downregulation, p38 MAPK activation as well as upregulation of proapoptotic Bax. Notably, treatment of melanoma growing subcutaneously in mice with jacaranone significantly extended the mean survival times in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of jacaranone and emphasize the potential use of this quinone for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana H. Massaoka
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L. Matsuo
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Figueiredo
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camyla F. Farias
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Girola
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise C. Arruda
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge A. B. Scutti
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulete Romoff
- Centro de Ciências e Humanidades e Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oriana A. Favero
- Centro de Ciências e Humanidades e Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J. P. Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências e Humanidades e Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João H. G. Lago
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. Travassos
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Yang J, Yi J. Redox sensing by proteins: oxidative modifications on cysteines and the consequent events. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:649-57. [PMID: 21967570 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only essential for the cell's normal functions, but also mediate many pathological effects. When cells experience oxidative stress, proteins are modulated by redox changes and ultimately generate novel signaling patterns. It remains elusive how proteins are modulated, rather than simply damaged, by ROS and then mediate the diverse cellular responses. RECENT ADVANCES During the past decade, researchers frequently used "redox sensor" for proteins. However, the term "redox sensing" has not been clearly defined to date. Thiols of cysteines are subjected to oxidative modifications. The conformation changes and the various types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) may result from thiol oxidation of the same protein or other proteins. The molecular effects of redox sensing include changes in protein activity, abundance, localization, and interaction with other biomacromolecules. CRITICAL ISSUES We discuss the emerging concept of cysteine-based redox sensing, emphasizing "sensing redox changes by proteins using their thiols." ROS are an input, and the conformation changes and/or the other PTMs after thiol oxidation are the output of redox sensing. Among dozens of redox sensing proteins listed in this article, SENP3 and caspase-9, which have been investigated in our work, are given particular attention. We also introduce the notion of biphasic and compartment-specific redox sensing by nuclear factor kappa B. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding chemical modifications and conformational changes following protein redox sensing requires more studies in mass spectrometry and crystallography. Redox-indicative probes in live cells and tissues will help monitor redox-related biological and pathological progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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81
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Auchinvole CAR, Richardson P, McGuinnes C, Mallikarjun V, Donaldson K, McNab H, Campbell CJ. Monitoring intracellular redox potential changes using SERS nanosensors. ACS NANO 2012; 6:888-896. [PMID: 22165857 DOI: 10.1021/nn204397q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis and signaling are critically important in the regulation of cell function. There are significant challenges in quantitatively measuring intracellular redox potentials, and in this paper, we introduce a new approach. Our approach is based on the use of nanosensors which comprise molecules that sense the local redox potential, assembled on a gold nanoshell. Since the Raman spectrum of the sensor molecule changes depending on its oxidation state and since the nanoshell allows a huge enhancement of the Raman spectrum, intracellular potential can be calculated by a simple optical measurement. The nanosensors can be controllably delivered to the cytoplasm, without any toxic effects, allowing redox potential to be monitored in a reversible, non-invasive manner over a previously unattainable potential range encompassing both superphysiological and physiological oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A R Auchinvole
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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82
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Ignacio Barrasa J, Olmo N, Pérez-Ramos P, Santiago-Gómez A, Lecona E, Turnay J, Antonia Lizarbe M. Deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic bile acids induce apoptosis via oxidative stress in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Apoptosis 2012; 16:1054-67. [PMID: 21789651 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuous exposure of the colonic epithelium to high concentrations of bile acids may exert cytotoxic effects and has been related to pathogenesis of colon cancer. A better knowledge of the mechanisms by which bile acids induce toxicity is still required and may be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies. We have studied the effect of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatments in BCS-TC2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Both bile acids promote cell death, being this effect higher for CDCA. Apoptosis is detected after 30 min-2 h of treatment, as observed by cell detachment, loss of membrane asymmetry, internucleosomal DNA degradation, appearance of mitochondrial transition permeability (MPT), and caspase and Bax activation. At longer treatment times, apoptosis is followed in vitro by secondary necrosis due to impaired mitochondrial activity and ATP depletion. Bile acid-induced apoptosis is a result of oxidative stress with increased ROS generation mainly by activation of plasma membrane enzymes, such as NAD(P)H oxidases and, to a lower extent, PLA2. These effects lead to a loss of mitochondrial potential and release of pro-apoptotic factors to the cytosol, which is confirmed by activation of caspase-9 and -3, but not caspase-8. This initial apoptotic steps promote cleavage of Bcl-2, allowing Bax activation and formation of additional pores in the mitochondrial membrane that amplify the apoptotic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Barrasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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83
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Chiurchiù V, Maccarrone M. Chronic inflammatory disorders and their redox control: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2605-41. [PMID: 21391902 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A chronic inflammatory disease is a condition characterized by persistent inflammation. A number of human pathologies fall into this category, and a great deal of research has been conducted to learn more about their characteristics and underlying mechanisms. In many cases, a genetic component has been identified, but also external factors like food, smoke, or environmental pollutants can significantly contribute to worsen their symptoms. Accumulated evidence clearly shows that chronic inflammatory diseases are subjected to a redox control. Here, we shall review the identity, source, regulation, and biological activity of redox molecules, to put in a better perspective their key-role in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, the impact of redox species on autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and celiac disease) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) will be discussed, along with their potential therapeutic implications as novel drugs to combat chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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84
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Rhein induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:952504. [PMID: 22007260 PMCID: PMC3189565 DOI: 10.1155/2012/952504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human breast cancers cells overexpressing HER2/neu are more aggressive tumors with poor prognosis, and resistance to chemotherapy. This study investigates antiproliferation effects of anthraquinone derivatives of rhubarb root on human breast cancer cells. Of 7 anthraquinone derivatives, only rhein showed antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on both HER2-overexpressing MCF-7 (MCF-7/HER2) and control vector MCF-7 (MCF-7/VEC) cells. Rhein induced dose- and time-dependent manners increase in caspase-9-mediated apoptosis correlating with activation of ROS-mediated activation of NF-κB- and p53-signaling pathways in both cell types. Therefore, this study highlighted rhein as processing anti-proliferative activity against HER2 overexpression or HER2-basal expression in breast cancer cells and playing important roles in apoptotic induction of human breast cancer cells.
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85
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Sun X, Sun GB, Wang M, Xiao J, Sun XB. Protective effects of cynaroside against H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2019-29. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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86
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SUMO2 and SUMO3 transcription is differentially regulated by oxidative stress in an Sp1-dependent manner. Biochem J 2011; 435:489-98. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation (SUMO is small ubiquitin-related modifier) is a dynamic process that is strictly regulated under physiological and pathological conditions. However, little is known about how various intra- or extra-cellular stimuli regulate expression levels of components in the SUMO system. SUMO isoforms SUMO2 and SUMO3 can rapidly convert to be conjugated in response to a variety of cellular stresses. Owing to the limitations of sequence homology, SUMO2 and SUMO3 cannot be differentiated between and are thus referred to as SUMO2/3. Whether these two isoforms are regulated in distinct manners has never been addressed. In the present paper we report that the expression of SUMO3, but not SUMO2, can be down-regulated at the transcription level by cellular oxidative stress. In the present study, we checked SUMO2 and SUMO3 mRNA levels in cells exposed to various doses of H2O2 and in cells bearing different levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species). We found an inverse relationship between SUMO3 transcription and ROS levels. We characterized a promoter region specific for the mouse Sumo3 gene that is bound by the redox-sensitive transcription factor Sp1 (specificity protein 1) and demonstrated oxidation of Sp1, as well as suppression of Sp1–DNA binding upon oxidative stress. This revealed for the first time that the expression of SUMO2 and SUMO3 is regulated differently by ROS. These findings may enhance our understanding about the regulation of SUMOylation and also shed light on the functions of Sp1.
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87
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Wadhawan S, Gautam S, Sharma A. Metabolic stress-induced programmed cell death in Xanthomonas. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 312:176-83. [PMID: 20958788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Xcg), an etiological agent of the bacterial pustule disease of soybean, displayed nutritionally regulated caspase-dependent programmed cell death (PCD). Experiments showed that Xcg was under metabolic stress during PCD, as evident from the intracellular accumulation of NADH and ATP. Further, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as confirmed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate labeling, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and scopoletin assay, was also observed along with the activation of caspase-3. ROS scavengers such as dimethylsulfoxide, glutathione, n-propyl gallate, and catalase significantly inhibited caspase biosynthesis as well as its activity, eventually leading to the inhibition of PCD. The presence of a sublethal concentration of an electron transport chain uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol, was found to reduce the ROS generation and the increase in the cell survival. These results indicated that Xcg cells grown in a protein-rich medium experienced metabolic stress due to electron leakage from the electron transport chain, leading to the generation of ROS and the expression as well as the activation of caspase-3, and resulting in PCD. A bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor, nalidixic acid, was also found to inhibit PCD. Gyrase, which regulates DNA superhelicity, and consequently DNA replication and cell multiplication, appears to be involved in the process.
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88
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Huang TY, Tsai TH, Hsu CW, Hsu YC. Curcuminoids suppress the growth and induce apoptosis through caspase-3-dependent pathways in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 8401 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10639-10645. [PMID: 20822178 DOI: 10.1021/jf1016303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Curcuminoids, natural plant components, have been recently shown to display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. They also produce potent chemo-preventive action against several types of cancer. In the present study, the anti-proliferative and induced apoptosis effects of curcuminoids have been investigated in human brain glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 8401 cells. Results indicated that curcuminoids have produced an inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner as dosage increased from 12.5 to 100 μM (n = 6) via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as well as activation of apoptosis in GBM 8401 cells. Both effects were observed to increase in proportion with the dose of curcuminoids. We have studied the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), DNA fragmentation, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activation, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional factor activity to analyze apoptosis in GBM 8401 cells. From these approaches, apoptosis was induced by curcuminoids in human brain GBM 8401 cells via mitochondria and a caspase-dependent pathway. The results observed with proliferation inhibition (y = 94.694e(-0.025x), R(2) = 0.9901, and n = 6) and apoptosis (y = 0.9789e(-0.0102x), R(2) = 0.99854, and n = 3) depend upon the amount of curcuminoid treatment in the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
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89
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Yan S, Sun X, Xiang B, Cang H, Kang X, Chen Y, Li H, Shi G, Yeh ETH, Wang B, Wang X, Yi J. Redox regulation of the stability of the SUMO protease SENP3 via interactions with CHIP and Hsp90. EMBO J 2010; 29:3773-86. [PMID: 20924358 PMCID: PMC2989103 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SENP3 was recently implicated as redox sensor affecting hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent transcription under conditions of mild oxidative stress. In a novel mechanism, the chaperone Hsp90 selectively stabilizes oxidized SENP3 by protecting it from ubiquitination mediated by the co-chaperone CHIP. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and the co-chaperone/ubiquitin ligase carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) control the turnover of client proteins. How this system decides to stabilize or degrade the client proteins under particular physiological or pathological conditions is unclear. We report here a novel client protein, the SUMO2/3 protease SENP3, that is sophisticatedly regulated by CHIP and Hsp90. SENP3 is maintained at a low basal level under non-stress condition due to Hsp90-independent CHIP-mediated ubiquitination. Upon mild oxidative stress, SENP3 undergoes thiol modification, which recruits Hsp90. Hsp90/SENP3 association protects SENP3 from CHIP-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, but this effect of Hsp90 requires the presence of CHIP. Our data demonstrate for the first time that CHIP and Hsp90 interplay with a client alternately under non-stress and stress conditions, and the choice between stabilization and degradation is made by the redox state of the client. In addition, enhanced SENP3/Hsp90 association is found in cancer. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into how cells regulate the SUMO protease in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
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90
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Paulsen CE, Carroll KS. Orchestrating redox signaling networks through regulatory cysteine switches. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:47-62. [PMID: 19957967 DOI: 10.1021/cb900258z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) acts as a second messenger that can mediate intracellular signal transduction via chemoselective oxidation of cysteine residues in signaling proteins. This Review presents current mechanistic insights into signal-mediated H(2)O(2) production and highlights recent advances in methods to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cysteine oxidation both in vitro and in cells. Selected examples from the recent literature are used to illustrate the diverse mechanisms by which H(2)O(2) can regulate protein function. The continued development of methods to detect and quantify discrete cysteine oxoforms should further our mechanistic understanding of redox regulation of protein function and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate S. Carroll
- Chemical Biology Graduate Program
- Life Sciences Institute
- Departmentof Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2216
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91
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Erol B, Bozlu M, Hanci V, Tokgoz H, Bektas S, Mungan G. Coenzyme Q10 treatment reduces lipid peroxidation, inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthases, and germ cell-specific apoptosis in a rat model of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury. Fertil Steril 2009; 93:280-2. [PMID: 19683231 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this experimental study, we assessed the preventive effects of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results of this study show that CoQ(10) administration before the reperfusion period of testicular torsion provides a significant decrease in testicular lipid peroxidation products and expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and germ cell-specific apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Erol
- Department of Urology, Zonguldak Karaelmas University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey
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