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Jiang M, Wu N, Xu B, Chu Y, Li X, Su S, Chen D, Li W, Shi Y, Gao X, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Du W, Nie Y, Liang J, Fan D. Fatty acid-induced CD36 expression via O-GlcNAcylation drives gastric cancer metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5359-5373. [PMID: 31410220 PMCID: PMC6691574 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in patients with advanced cancer. Recently, a high-fat diet was shown to specifically promote the metastatic potential of specific cancer cells in a CD36-dependent manner. However, the molecular basis of the fatty acid (FA)-induced upregulation of CD36 has remained unclear. Methods: RT-qPCR, FACS analysis, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, as well as retrieving TCGA database, were carried out to quantitate CD36 expression in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cell lines. Transwell assay and xenografts were used to assess cell metastasis abilities in vitro and in vivo after indicated treatment. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to evaluate the changes in signaling pathways when O-GlcNAcylation level was increased in GC cells and in vitro O-GlcNAcylation assay was utilized for wild and mutant types of CD36 protein to explore the potential O-GlcNAcylation sites. Results: High CD36 expression is a predictor of poor survival and promotes metastasis of GC cells and the use of neutralizing antibodies to block CD36 inhibits GC metastasis in mice. FA or a HFD promotes the metastatic potential of GC cells by upregulating CD36 via increasing the O-GlcNAcylation level. Increased O-GlcNAcylation levels promote the transcription of CD36 by activating the NF-κB pathway and also increase its FA uptake activity by directly modifying CD36 at S468 and T470. Conclusion: FA-induced hyper-O-GlcNAcylation promotes the transcription and function of CD36 by activating the NF-κB pathway and directly modifying CD36 at S468 and T470, which drives GC metastasis.
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Mereiter S, Balmaña M, Campos D, Gomes J, Reis CA. Glycosylation in the Era of Cancer-Targeted Therapy: Where Are We Heading? Cancer Cell 2019; 36:6-16. [PMID: 31287993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides insights on the impact of glycosylation in cancer biology and its influence in the current approaches of targeted cancer therapies in the clinical setting. The roles of glycosylation in cancer signaling, tumor progression, and metastasis are reviewed as well as glycans and glycan-binding proteins in tumor immunomodulation. Moreover, the latest reports on glycans influencing targeted therapeutic approaches in cancer are summarized. Finally, we discuss the future challenges of the field, outlining potential applications of glycan-based biomarkers for patient stratification and strategies for improving personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mereiter
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meritxell Balmaña
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gomes
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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53
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Akella NM, Ciraku L, Reginato MJ. Fueling the fire: emerging role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in cancer. BMC Biol 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31272438 PMCID: PMC6610925 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism and deregulated cellular energetics are now considered a hallmark of all cancers. Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The HBP culminates in the production of an amino sugar uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) that, along with other charged nucleotide sugars, serves as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. These nutrient-driven post-translational modifications are highly altered in cancer and regulate protein functions in various cancer-associated processes. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the mechanistic relationship between the HBP and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Akella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5810465. [PMID: 31275381 PMCID: PMC6582791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5810465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in the development of the invasive and migratory properties of cancer metastasis. Since the transcriptional reprogramming of a number of genes occurs in EMT, the regulation of EMT transcription factors has been intensively investigated. EMT transcriptional factors are commonly classified by the direct or indirect repression of E-cadherin because one of hallmarks of EMT is the loss of E-cadherin. This facilitates the expression of genes for EMT, tumor invasion, and metastasis. The posttranslational modification of EMT transcriptional factors, such as Snail and Slug, directly regulates their functions, including their stability, nuclear localization, protein-protein interaction, and ubiquitination for the promotion or termination of EMT at the specific points. Here, we discuss how posttranslational modifications regulate gene expression in a dynamic and reversible manner by modifying upstream signaling pathways, focusing in particular on the posttranslational modifications of Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, and TWIST1. This review demonstrates that EMT transcription factors regulate metastasis through their posttranslational modifications and that the flexibility and reversibility of EMT can be modified by phosphorylation.
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55
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Do SK, Choi SH, Lee SY, Choi JE, Hong MJ, Kang HG, Lee WK, Lee EB, Shin KM, Jeong JY, Lee YH, Seo H, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Seok Y, Cho S, Jheon S, Park JY. Glucose transporter 3 gene variant is associated with survival outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgical resection. Gene 2019; 703:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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56
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Sun Z, Xue H, Wei Y, Wang C, Yu R, Wang C, Wang S, Xu J, Qian M, Meng Q, Li G. Mucin O-glycosylating enzyme GALNT2 facilitates the malignant character of glioma by activating the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1167-1184. [PMID: 31076460 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2), the enzyme that regulates the initial step of mucin O-glycosylation, has been reported to play a role in influencing the malignancy of various cancers. However, the mechanism through which it influences gliomas is still unknown. In the current study, the Cox proportional hazards model was used to select genes. Data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of clinical specimens showed that increased GALNT2 expression levels were associated with an unfavorable prognosis and a higher tumor grade in human gliomas. Then, GALNT2 knockdown and overexpression were performed in glioma cell lines and verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Functional assays demonstrated that GALNT2 was closely related to glioma cell proliferation, cycle transition, migration and invasion. Western blot analysis and lectin pull-down assays indicated that GALNT2 knockdown decreased the level of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the expression of the Tn antigen on EGFR and affected the expression levels of p21, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclinD1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) through the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. GALNT2 overexpression had the opposite effects. In vivo, the growth of orthotopic glioma xenografts in nude mice was distinctly inhibited by the expression of GALNT2 shRNA, and the tumors with GALNT2 shRNA exhibited less aggressiveness and reduced expression of Ki67 and MMP2. Overall, GALNT2 facilitates the malignant characteristics of glioma by influencing the O-glycosylation and phosphorylation of EGFR and the subsequent downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Therefore, GALNT2 may serve as a novel biomarker and a potential target for future therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan 250033, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan 250033, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingyu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qinghu Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China
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57
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Baulida J, Díaz VM, Herreros AGD. Snail1: A Transcriptional Factor Controlled at Multiple Levels. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060757. [PMID: 31141910 PMCID: PMC6616578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail1 transcriptional factor plays a key role in the control of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and fibroblast activation. As a consequence, Snail1 expression and function is regulated at multiple levels from gene transcription to protein modifications, affecting its interaction with specific cofactors. In this review, we describe the different elements that control Snail1 expression and its activity both as transcriptional repressor or activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Baulida
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor M Díaz
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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58
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Jaskiewicz NM, Townson DH. Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2899-2910. [PMID: 31080560 PMCID: PMC6499600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic women have a 2–3 fold increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, however, the molecular aspects of this risk are not fully understood. This study investigated the alteration of cellular O-GlcNAcylation of proteins as the potential mechanistic connection between these two conditions. The endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) was utilized to study the effect of dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation (via 1 μM Thiamet-G/ThmG or 25 mM Glucose) enhanced the expression of EMT-associated genes (WNT5B and FOXC2), and protein expression of the EMT adhesion molecule, N-Cadherin. Reorganization of stress filaments (actin filaments), consistent with EMT, was also noted in ThmG-treated cells. Interestingly, Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation (via 50 μM OSMI-1) also upregulated WNT5B, inferring that any disruption to O-GlcNAc cycling impacts EMT. However, Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation reduced overall cellular proliferation/migration and the expression of pro-EMT genes (AHNAK, TGFB2, FGFBP1, CALD1, TFPI2). In summary, disruption of O-GlcNAc cycling (i.e., Hyper- or Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation) promoted EMT at both the molecular and cellular levels, but only Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation provoked cellular proliferation/migration, and cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Morin Jaskiewicz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - David H Townson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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59
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Phillips RM, Lam C, Wang H, Tran PT. Bittersweet tumor development and progression: Emerging roles of epithelial plasticity glycosylations. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 142:23-62. [PMID: 30885363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The best-known cancer metabolic anomaly is an increase in aerobic glycolysis, which generates ATP and other basic building blocks, such as nucleotides, lipids, and proteins to support tumor cell growth and survival. Epithelial plasticity (EP) programs such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are evolutionarily conserved processes that are essential for embryonic development. EP also plays an important role during tumor progression toward metastasis and treatment resistance, and new roles in the acceleration of tumorigenesis have been found. Recent evidence has linked EMT-related transcriptomic alterations with metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, which include increased aerobic glycolysis. More recent studies have revealed a novel connection between EMT and altered glycosylation in tumor cells, in which EMT drives an increase in glucose uptake and flux into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The HBP is a side-branch pathway from glycolysis which generates the end product uridine-5'-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). A key downstream utilization of UDP-GlcNAc is for the post-translational modification O-GlcNAcylation which involves the attachment of the GlcNAc moiety to Ser/Thr/Asn residues of proteins. Global changes in protein O-GlcNAcylation are emerging as a general characteristic of cancer cells. In our recent study, we demonstrated that the EMT-HBP-O-GlcNAcylation axis drives the O-GlcNAcylation of key proteins such as c-Myc, which previous studies have shown to suppress oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and contribute to accelerated tumorigenesis. Here, we review the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation and their putative roles in driving EMT-related cancer processes with examples to illuminate potential new therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Phillips
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christine Lam
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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60
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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61
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Cao B, Duan M, Xing Y, Liu C, Yang F, Li Y, Yang T, Wei Y, Gao Q, Jiang J. O-GlcNAc transferase activates stem-like cell potential in hepatocarcinoma through O-GlcNAcylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2384-2398. [PMID: 30677218 PMCID: PMC6433694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation catalysed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is a reversible post-translational modification. O-GlcNAcylation participates in transcription, epigenetic regulation, and intracellular signalling. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation in response to high glucose or OGT expression has been implicated in metabolic diseases and cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms by which OGT regulates hepatoma development remain largely unknown. Here, we employed the lentiviral shRNA-based system to knockdown OGT to analyse the contribution of OGT in hepatoma cell proliferation and stem-like cell potential. The sphere-forming assay and western blot analysis of stem-related gene expression were used to evaluate stem-like cell potential of hepatoma cell. We found that the level of total O-GlcNAcylation or OGT protein was increased in hepatocellular carcinoma. OGT activated stem-like cell potential in hepatoma through eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) which bound to stem-related gene Sox2 5'-untranslated region. O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4E at threonine 168 and threonine 177 protected it from degradation through proteasome pathway. Expression of eIF4E in hepatoma was determined by immunostaining in 232 HCC patients, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine the correlation of eIF4E expression with prognosis. High glucose promoted stem-like cell potential of hepatoma cell through OGT-eIF4E axis. Collectively, our findings indicate that OGT promotes the stem-like cell potential of hepatoma cell through O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4E. These results provide a mechanism of HCC development and a cue between the pathogenesis of HCC and high glucose condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Duan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Li
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Decourcelle A, Leprince D, Dehennaut V. Regulation of Polycomb Repression by O-GlcNAcylation: Linking Nutrition to Epigenetic Reprogramming in Embryonic Development and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30873122 PMCID: PMC6400832 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are major actors of early embryogenesis and carcinogenesis and are sensitive to nutritional environment. In recent years, the nutritional sensor O-GlcNAcylation has been recognized as a key regulator of chromatin remodeling. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent clues that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation intimately regulate the functions of the Polycomb group proteins at different levels especially during Drosophila melanogaster embryonic development and in human cancer cell lines. These observations define an additional connection between nutrition and epigenetic reprogramming associated to embryonic development and cancer.
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63
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Jiang M, Xu B, Li X, Shang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Chen D, Wu N, Hu S, Zhang S, Li M, Wu K, Yang X, Liang J, Nie Y, Fan D. O-GlcNAcylation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the miR-101-O-GlcNAc/EZH2 regulatory feedback circuit. Oncogene 2019; 38:301-316. [PMID: 30093632 PMCID: PMC6336687 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is extremely low. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for metastatic CRC, but the fundamental molecular basis underlying this effect remains unknown. Here, we identified that O-GlcNAcylation, a unique posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming, increased the metastatic capability of CRC. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation were increased in the metastatic CRC tissues and cell lines, which likely promoted the EMT by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. The CRC patients with higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation exhibited greater lymph node metastasis potential and lower overall survival. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that both O-GlcNAcylation transferase (OGT) and EZH2 are posttranscriptionally inhibited by microRNA-101. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation and H3K27me3 modification in the miR-101 promoter region further inhibited the transcription of miR-101, resulting in the upregulation of OGT and EZH2 in metastatic CRC, thus forming a vicious cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation, which is negatively regulated by microRNA-101, likely promotes CRC metastasis by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. Reducing O-GlcNAcylation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengbin Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of molecular cellular and developmental biology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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64
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Zachara NE. Critical observations that shaped our understanding of the function(s) of intracellular glycosylation (O-GlcNAc). FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3950-3975. [PMID: 30414174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the first descriptions of proteins conjugated to carbohydrates (mucins), several studies suggested that glycoproteins were not restricted to the serum, extracellular matrix, cell surface, or endomembrane system. In the 1980s, key data emerged demonstrating that intracellular proteins were modified by monosaccharides of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Subsequently, this modification was identified on thousands of proteins that regulate cellular processes as diverse as protein aggregation, localization, post-translational modifications, activity, and interactions. In this Review, we will highlight critical discoveries that shaped our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the impact of O-GlcNAc on protein function, the role that O-GlcNAc plays in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate O-GlcNAc-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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65
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Taparra K, Wang H, Malek R, Lafargue A, Barbhuiya MA, Wang X, Simons BW, Ballew M, Nugent K, Groves J, Williams RD, Shiraishi T, Verdone J, Yildirir G, Henry R, Zhang B, Wong J, Wang KKH, Nelkin BD, Pienta KJ, Felsher D, Zachara NE, Tran PT. O-GlcNAcylation is required for mutant KRAS-induced lung tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4924-4937. [PMID: 30130254 DOI: 10.1172/jci94844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant KRAS drives glycolytic flux in lung cancer, potentially impacting aberrant protein glycosylation. Recent evidence suggests aberrant KRAS drives flux of glucose into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). HBP is required for various glycosylation processes, such as protein N- or O-glycosylation and glycolipid synthesis. However, its function during tumorigenesis is poorly understood. One contributor and proposed target of KRAS-driven cancers is a developmentally conserved epithelial plasticity program called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we showed in novel autochthonous mouse models that EMT accelerated KrasG12D lung tumorigenesis by upregulating expression of key enzymes of the HBP pathway. We demonstrated that HBP was required for suppressing KrasG12D-induced senescence, and targeting HBP significantly delayed KrasG12D lung tumorigenesis. To explore the mechanism, we investigated protein glycosylation downstream of HBP and found elevated levels of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) posttranslational modification on intracellular proteins. O-GlcNAcylation suppressed KrasG12D oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and accelerated lung tumorigenesis. Conversely, loss of O-GlcNAcylation delayed lung tumorigenesis. O-GlcNAcylation of proteins SNAI1 and c-MYC correlated with the EMT-HBP axis and accelerated lung tumorigenesis. Our results demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation was sufficient and required to accelerate KrasG12D lung tumorigenesis in vivo, which was reinforced by epithelial plasticity programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoa Taparra
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Reem Malek
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Audrey Lafargue
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Brian W Simons
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute
| | - Matthew Ballew
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Katriana Nugent
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Russell D Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Takumi Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute
| | - James Verdone
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute
| | | | | | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - John Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Barry D Nelkin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Biological Chemistry, and.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean Felsher
- Division of Medical Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, and.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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66
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O-GlcNAcylation on Rab3A attenuates its effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:970. [PMID: 30237463 PMCID: PMC6148238 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rab3A is a small Ras-like GTPase critical for membrane traffic. Although the functions of Rab3A have been reported in several cancers, the roles of Rab3A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have never been determined. To investigate the potential roles of Rab3A in HCC progression, we first determined Rab3A levels in HCC tissues and observed upregulated mRNA and protein levels of Rab3A in most tumor tissues. However, in vitro data showed that decreasing Rab3A in most HCC cell lines conferred no significant effects and overexpressing Rab3A in PLC/PRF/5 cells even inhibited migration and invasion. Meanwhile, the upregulation of Rab3A in HCC patients did not correlate with metastasis or overall survival of HCC patients. These contradict data suggested that Rab3A might act as metastatic suppressor and its effects might be attenuated in most HCC cells. Further experiments revealed that O-GlcNAcylation on Rab3A was key for attenuating Rab3A-mediated effects by regulating its GTP-binding activity, and verified the effects of Rab3A and its aberrant O-GlcNAcylation on HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We also found that Rab3A and its O-GlcNAcylation had opposite roles in mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS), and their functions on HCC metastasis were partially depended on their effects on metabolic reprogramming.
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67
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Hu WT, Yeh CC, Liu SY, Huang MC, Lai IR. The O-glycosylating enzyme GALNT2 suppresses the malignancy of gastric adenocarcinoma by reducing EGFR activities. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1739-1751. [PMID: 30323967 PMCID: PMC6176175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation affects the malignant progression of cancers. Here, we report that N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2), an enzyme that initiates the mucin type-O glycosylation, suppresses malignant phenotypes in gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) cells by modifying epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity. GALNT2 was knocked down using siRNA in AGS and MKN28 cells. The expression of phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and Tn antigen were detected by western blotting. Proliferation, migration and invasion of cells with/without GLANT2-knockdown were assessed. Expression of pEGFR in the resected gastric cancer tissue was analyzed by Immunohistochemical staining, and was correlated with clinicopathological factors. The results showed that GALNT2 knockdown enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR and decreased expression of the Tn antigen on EGFR. Inhibiting EGFR activity with Gefitinib decreased the migration/invasion abilities and reversed the increase pAkt caused by GALNT2 knockdown in GCA cells. The addition of MK2206 (Akt inhibitor) mitigated the migration and invasion abilities of the GALNT2-knockdown cells. Patients with increased expressions of pEGFR in their cancer tissues were associated more metastasis, advanced stage and recurrence after surgical resection. Our results indicate that GALNT2 suppresses the malignant potential of GCA cells through the EGFR-Akt signaling pathway. The significance of O-glycosylation in receptor tyrosine kinases activities and GCA progression deserve further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Hu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Rue Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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68
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Lin YC, Lin CH, Yeh YC, Ho HL, Wu YC, Chen MY, Chou TY. High O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase expression predicts poor survival in patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31032-31044. [PMID: 30123425 PMCID: PMC6089550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell heterogeneity can make selection of appropriate interventions to lung cancer a challenge. Novel biomarkers predictive of disease risk and treatment response are needed to improve personalized treatment strategies. O-GlcNAcylation, the attachment of β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues of intracellular proteins, modulates protein functions and is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyze O-GlcNAc addition and removal, respectively. We used immunohistochemistry to explore the utility of OGT, OGA, and O-GlcNAc as potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma. We found that high OGT expression is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in both stage I patients (P=0.032) and those at variable stages of disease (P=0.029), and with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) in stage I patients (P=0.035). High OGT expression is also associated with poorer OS in patients with EGFR wild-type tumors at variable stages (P=0.038). Multivariate analysis indicated that OGT expression is an independent prognostic factor for RFS (HR 2.946, 95% CI: 1.411-6.150, P=0.004) and OS (HR 2.002, 95% CI: 1.183-3.391, P=0.010) in stage I patients. Our findings indicate OGT is a promising biomarker for further classifying early stage lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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69
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O-GlcNAcylation affects β-catenin and E-cadherin expression, cell motility and tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2018; 364:42-49. [PMID: 29391154 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, the addition of β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety to Ser/Thr residues, is a sensor of the cell metabolic state. Cancer diseases such as colon, lung and breast cancer, possess deregulated O-GlcNAcylation. Studies during the last decade revealed that O-GlcNAcylation is implicated in cancer tumorigenesis and proliferation. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and cadherin-mediated adhesion are also implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key cellular process in invasion and cancer metastasis. Often, deregulation of the Wnt pathway is caused by altered phosphorylation of its components. Specifically, phosphorylation of Ser or Thr residues of β-catenin affects its location and interaction with E-cadherin, thus facilitating cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with previous studies, the current study indicates that β-catenin is O-GlcNAcylated. To test the effect of O-GlcNAcylation on cell motility and how O-GlcNAcylation might affect β-catenin and E-cadherin functions, the enzyme machinery of O-GlcNAcylation was modulated either with chemical inhibitors or by gene silencing. When O-GlcNAcase (OGA) was inhibited, a global elevation of protein O-GlcNAcylation and increase in the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin were noted. Concomitantly with enhanced O-GlcNAcylation, β-catenin transcriptional activity were elevated. Additionally, fibroblast cell motility was enhanced. Stable silenced cell lines with adenoviral OGA or adenoviral O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were established. Consistent with the results obtained by OGA chemical inhibition by TMG, OGT-silencing led to a significant reduction in β-catenin level. In vivo, murine orthotropic colorectal cancer model indicates that elevated O-GlcNAcylation leads to increased mortality rate, tumor and metastasis development. However, reduction in O-GlcNAcylation promoted survival that could be attributed to attenuated tumor and metastasis development. The results described herein provide circumstantial clues that O-GlcNAcylation deregulates β-catenin and E-cadherin expression and activity in fibroblast cell lines and this might influence EMT and cell motility, which may further influence tumor development and metastasis.
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70
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O-Linked β- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification: a new pathway to decode pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:185-198. [PMID: 29352075 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes continues to rise among all ages and ethnic groups worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that affects the retinal neurovasculature causing serious vision problems, including blindness. Its pathogenesis and severity is directly linked to the chronic exposure to high glucose conditions. No treatments are currently available to stop the development and progression of DR. To develop new and effective therapeutic approaches, it is critical to better understand how hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of DR at the cellular and molecular levels. We propose alterations in O-GlcNAc modification of target proteins during diabetes contribute to the development and progression of DR. The O-GlcNAc modification is regulated through hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. We showed this pathway is differentially activated in various retinal vascular cells under high glucose conditions perhaps due to their selective metabolic activity. O-GlcNAc modification can alter protein stability, activity, interactions, and localization. By targeting the same amino acid residues (serine and threonine) as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc modification can either compete or cooperate with phosphorylation. Here we will summarize the effects of hyperglycemia-induced O-GlcNAc modification on the retinal neurovasculature in a cell-specific manner, providing new insight into the role of O-GlcNAc modification in early loss of retinal pericytes and the pathogenesis of DR.
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71
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Very N, Lefebvre T, El Yazidi-Belkoura I. Drug resistance related to aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1380-1402. [PMID: 29416702 PMCID: PMC5787446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Drug resistance of tumour cells remains the main challenge toward curative treatments efficiency. Several epidemiologic studies link emergence and recurrence of this cancer to metabolic disorders. Glycosylation that modifies more than 80% of human proteins is one of the most widepread nutrient-sensitive post-translational modifications. Aberrant glycosylation participates in the development and progression of cancer. Thus, some of these glycan changes like carbohydrate antigen CA 19-9 (sialyl Lewis a, sLea) or those found on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are already used as clinical biomarkers to detect and monitor CRC. The current review highlights emerging evidences accumulated mainly during the last decade that establish the role played by altered glycosylations in CRC drug resistance mechanisms that induce resistance to apoptosis and activation of signaling pathways, alter drug absorption and metabolism, and led to stemness acquisition. Knowledge in this field of investigation could aid to the development of better therapeutic approaches with new predictive biomarkers and targets tied in with adapted diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon Very
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF-UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF-UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF-UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
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72
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Inoue Y, Moriwaki K, Ueda Y, Takeuchi T, Higuchi K, Asahi M. Elevated O-GlcNAcylation stabilizes FOXM1 by its reduced degradation through GSK-3β inactivation in a human gastric carcinoma cell line, MKN45 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1681-1687. [PMID: 29196265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification of cytonuclear proteins for intracellular signaling. Elevated O-GlcNAcylation is a general feature of cancer and contributes to cancer progression, and recent studies indicate the contribution to increasing incidence of various types of cancer in diabetic patients. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor progression is not fully elucidated. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a master mitotic transcription factor, has been implicated in all major hallmarks of cancer, and is wildly expressed in solid tumors. Given that FOXM1 expression was reported to be elevated in gastric cancer, we examined the effect of high glucose or an inhibitor of O-GlcNAc hydrolase, Thiamet G (TMG), on FOXM1 protein expression in a human gastric cancer cell line, MKN45 cells, and confirmed that FOXM1 protein level and the cell proliferation were upregulated. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which FOXM1 protein expression is regulated by O-GlcNAcylation, the effect of high glucose and TMG on FOXM1 ubiquitination was examined in MKN45 cells. As a result, the ubiquitination and degradation of FOXM1 protein were both suppressed by high glucose and TMG treatment. However, the O-GlcNAcylation was not detected on FOXM1 but not on GSK-3β. High glucose and TMG treatment increased phospho-serine 9 GSK-3β, an inactive form, and the degradation of FOXM1 protein was suppressed by treatment of GSK-3β inhibitors in MKN45 cells. Taken together, we suggest that high glucose and elevated O-GlcNAcylation stabilize FOXM1 protein by its reduced degradation via GSK-3β inactivation in MKN45 cells, suggesting that the higher risk of gastric cancer in diabetic patients could be partially due to O-GlcNAcylation-mediated FOXM1 stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
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73
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O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 enhances its deacetylase activity and promotes cytoprotection under stress. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1491. [PMID: 29133780 PMCID: PMC5684413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is the most evolutionarily conserved mammalian sirtuin, and it plays a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, stress responses, genome stability, and ageing. As a stress sensor, SIRT1 deacetylase activity is significantly increased during stresses, but the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully clear. Here, we show that SIRT1 is dynamically modified with O-GlcNAc at Ser 549 in its carboxy-terminal region, which directly increases its deacetylase activity both in vitro and in vivo. The O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 is elevated during genotoxic, oxidative, and metabolic stress stimuli in cellular and mouse models, thereby increasing SIRT1 deacetylase activity and protecting cells from stress-induced apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate a new mechanism for the activation of SIRT1 under stress conditions and suggest a novel potential therapeutic target for preventing age-related diseases and extending healthspan. SIRT1 is a stress sensor whose deacetylase activity is increased during cellular stress, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors show that O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 is elevated upon different stress stimuli and increases SIRT1 deacetylase activity, protecting cells from stress-induced apoptosis.
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Carvalho-Cruz P, Alisson-Silva F, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. Cellular glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:481-491. [PMID: 28722313 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program reactivated by tumor cells that leads to the switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. During EMT, cells are transcriptionally regulated to decrease E-cadherin expression while expressing mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin, and N-cadherin. Growing body of evidences suggest that cells engaged in EMT undergo a metabolic reprograming process, redirecting glucose flux toward hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which fuels aberrant glycosylation patterns that are extensively observed in cancer cells. HBP depends on nutrient availability to produce its end product UDP-GlcNAc, and for this reason is considered a metabolic sensor pathway. UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate used for the synthesis of major types of glycosylation, including O-GlcNAc and cell surface glycans. In general, the rate limiting enzyme of HBP, GFAT, is overexpressed in many cancer types that present EMT features as well as aberrant glycosylation. Moreover, altered levels of O-GlcNAcylation can modulate cell morphology and favor EMT. In this review, we summarize some of the current knowledge that correlates glucose metabolism, aberrant glycosylation and hyper O-GlcNAcylation supported by HBP that leads to EMT activation. Developmental Dynamics 247:481-491, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carvalho-Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane R Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner B Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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75
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Cheng S, Mao Q, Dong Y, Ren J, Su L, Liu J, Liu Q, Zhou J, Ye X, Zheng S, Zhu N. GNB2L1 and its O-GlcNAcylation regulates metastasis via modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the chemoresistance of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182696. [PMID: 28797110 PMCID: PMC5552253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
GNB2L1 and its O-GlcNAcylation has been reported to play roles in gastric cancer metastasis. However, the roles of GNB2L1 in chemoresistance of gastric cancer has never been determined. In the present study, we found that GNB2L1 was downregulated in chemoresistant patients of gastric cancer, and observed the decrease of GNB2L1 in protein levels instead of mRNA levels in different chemoresistant gastric cancer cell lines. Further we proved that this downregulation of GNB2L1 was resulted from its elevated O-GlcNAcylation catalyzed by OGT in both cell lines and patients. Next, we investigate the function of GNB2L1 and its O-GlcNAcylation on gastric cancer metastasis during chemoresistance, and confirmed Ser124 as the major O-GlcNAcylation site on GNB2L1 that regulated its function on metastasis. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that GNB2L1 modulated EMT via regulating the translation of EMT-related proteins in the process of chemoresistance. In summary, this study indicated that GNB2L1 and its O-GlcNAcylation regulated metastasis via modulating the translation of EMT-related proteins in the chemoresistance of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabing Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Su
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shudan Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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76
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Klymenko Y, Kim O, Stack MS. Complex Determinants of Epithelial: Mesenchymal Phenotypic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080104. [PMID: 28792442 PMCID: PMC5575607 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike most epithelial malignancies which metastasize hematogenously, metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) occurs primarily via transcoelomic dissemination, characterized by exfoliation of cells from the primary tumor, avoidance of detachment-induced cell death (anoikis), movement throughout the peritoneal cavity as individual cells and multi-cellular aggregates (MCAs), adhesion to and disruption of the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum, and submesothelial matrix anchoring and proliferation to generate widely disseminated metastases. This exceptional microenvironment is highly permissive for phenotypic plasticity, enabling mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transitions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on EOC heterogeneity in an EMT context, outline major regulators of EMT in ovarian cancer, address controversies in EMT and EOC chemoresistance, and highlight computational modeling approaches toward understanding EMT/MET in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Klymenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Oleg Kim
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
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77
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Quantitative time-resolved chemoproteomics reveals that stable O-GlcNAc regulates box C/D snoRNP biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6749-E6758. [PMID: 28760965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702688114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a ubiquitous posttranslational modification on intracellular proteins, is dynamically regulated in cells. To analyze the turnover dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins, we developed a quantitative time-resolved O-linked GlcNAc proteomics (qTOP) strategy based on metabolic pulse-chase labeling with an O-GlcNAc chemical reporter and stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Applying qTOP, we quantified the turnover rates of 533 O-GlcNAcylated proteins in NIH 3T3 cells and discovered that about 14% exhibited minimal removal of O-GlcNAc or degradation of protein backbones. The stability of those hyperstable O-GlcNAcylated proteins was more sensitive to O-GlcNAcylation inhibition compared with the more dynamic populations. Among the hyperstable population were three core proteins of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes (snoRNPs): fibrillarin (FBL), nucleolar protein 5A (NOP56), and nucleolar protein 5 (NOP58). We showed that O-GlcNAcylation stabilized these proteins and was essential for snoRNP assembly. Blocking O-GlcNAcylation on FBL altered the 2'-O-methylation of rRNAs and impaired cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation in vivo.
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78
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Goossens S, Vandamme N, Van Vlierberghe P, Berx G. EMT transcription factors in cancer development re-evaluated: Beyond EMT and MET. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:584-591. [PMID: 28669750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of an embryonic epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) program is commonly accepted as a core component of carcinoma progression. Collectively, EMT and transcription factors (EMT-TFs) of the ZEB, SNAIL and TWIST families are quoted in the same breath for nearly 20years. Recent work on these EMT-TFs has extended their scope, and their typical definition as EMT-inducing factors has become out-of-date. New insights have warranted a re-evaluation of these transcription factors and their pleiotropic functions in physiological and pathological conditions, not solely limited to cell invasion and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Goossens
- Molecular Cellular Oncology Lab, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.; Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Molecular Cellular Oncology Lab, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.; Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.; Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular Cellular Oncology Lab, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium..
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79
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Liu Y, Huang H, Cao Y, Wu Q, Li W, Zhang J. Suppression of OGT by microRNA24 reduces FOXA1 stability and prevents breast cancer cells invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:755-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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80
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Moriwaki K, Asahi M. Augmented TME O-GlcNAcylation Promotes Tumor Proliferation through the Inhibition of p38 MAPK. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1287-1298. [PMID: 28536142 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic O-linked glycosylation event that plays a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling. Recent studies indicate that increased O-GlcNAcylation is a general feature in cancer and contributes to various cancer phenotypes, including cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and energy metabolism. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not fully elucidated. Here, B16 melanoma cells were subcutaneously transplanted into O-GlcNAc transferase transgenic (Ogt-Tg) mice exhibiting elevated O-GlcNAcylation to examine the effect of O-GlcNAcylation in the TME on tumor progression. In this model system, B16 tumor growth was significantly higher in Ogt-Tg/+ mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The tumors grown in Ogt-Tg/+ mice showed significant downregulation of p38 MAPK activity and upregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In addition, proinflammatory cytokine production was significantly lower in the tumor tissues from Ogt-Tg/+ mice than in those from WT mice. Activation of NF-κB, a key regulator in the cytokine production, was downregulated in the macrophages of the tumor tissues grown in Ogt-Tg/+ mice. These data reveal that elevated O-GlcNAcylation in the TME reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and promotes cancer progression through downregulation of p38 MAPK activity and subsequent upregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Implications: The reduced production of inflammatory cytokines by augmented O-GlcNAcylation in the TME, mainly macrophages, promotes tumor proliferation through the inhibition of p38 MAPK and suggests a possible cause of increased morbidity and mortality rates for various cancers in diabetic patients. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1287-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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81
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Dassanayaka S, Brainard RE, Watson LJ, Long BW, Brittian KR, DeMartino AM, Aird AL, Gumpert AM, Audam TN, Kilfoil PJ, Muthusamy S, Hamid T, Prabhu SD, Jones SP. Cardiomyocyte Ogt limits ventricular dysfunction in mice following pressure overload without affecting hypertrophy. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:23. [PMID: 28299467 PMCID: PMC5555162 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The myocardial response to pressure overload involves coordination of multiple transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and metabolic cues. The previous studies show that one such metabolic cue, O-GlcNAc, is elevated in the pressure-overloaded heart, and the increase in O-GlcNAcylation is required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Yet, it is not clear whether and how O-GlcNAcylation participates in the hypertrophic response in vivo. Here, we addressed this question using patient samples and a preclinical model of heart failure. Protein O-GlcNAcylation levels were increased in myocardial tissue from heart failure patients compared with normal patients. To test the role of OGT in the heart, we subjected cardiomyocyte-specific, inducibly deficient Ogt (i-cmOgt -/-) mice and Ogt competent littermate wild-type (WT) mice to transverse aortic constriction. Deletion of cardiomyocyte Ogt significantly decreased O-GlcNAcylation and exacerbated ventricular dysfunction, without producing widespread changes in metabolic transcripts. Although some changes in hypertrophic and fibrotic signaling were noted, there were no histological differences in hypertrophy or fibrosis. We next determined whether significant differences were present in i-cmOgt -/- cardiomyocytes from surgically naïve mice. Interestingly, markers of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation were elevated in Ogt-deficient cardiomyocytes. Although no significant differences in cardiac dysfunction were apparent after recombination, it is possible that such changes in dedifferentiation markers could reflect a larger phenotypic shift within the Ogt-deficient cardiomyocytes. We conclude that cardiomyocyte Ogt is not required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo; however, loss of Ogt may exert subtle phenotypic differences in cardiomyocytes that sensitize the heart to pressure overload-induced ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Dassanayaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert E Brainard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lewis J Watson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY, USA
| | - Bethany W Long
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kenneth R Brittian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Angelica M DeMartino
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Allison L Aird
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Anna M Gumpert
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Timothy N Audam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Peter J Kilfoil
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Muthusamy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven P Jones
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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82
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Morandi A, Taddei ML, Chiarugi P, Giannoni E. Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming That Controls Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Tumors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:40. [PMID: 28352611 PMCID: PMC5348536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process allows the trans-differentiation of a cell with epithelial features into a cell with mesenchymal characteristics. This process has been reported to be a key priming event for tumor development and therefore EMT activation is now considered an established trait of malignancy. The transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that governs EMT has been extensively characterized and reviewed in the last decade. However, increasing evidence demonstrates a correlation between metabolic reprogramming and EMT execution. The aim of the current review is to gather the recent findings that illustrate this correlation to help deciphering whether metabolic changes are causative or just a bystander effect of EMT activation. The review is divided accordingly to the catabolic and anabolic pathways that characterize carbohydrate, aminoacid, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, at the end of each part, we have discussed a series of potential metabolic targets involved in EMT promotion and execution for which drugs are either available or that could be further investigated for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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83
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Malek R, Wang H, Taparra K, Tran PT. Therapeutic Targeting of Epithelial Plasticity Programs: Focus on the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells Tissues Organs 2017; 203:114-127. [PMID: 28214899 DOI: 10.1159/000447238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting data points to epithelial plasticity programs such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as clinically relevant therapeutic targets for the treatment of malignant tumors. In addition to the widely realized role of EMT in increasing cancer cell invasiveness during cancer metastasis, the EMT has also been implicated in allowing cancer cells to avoid tumor suppressor pathways during early tumorigenesis. In addition, data linking EMT to innate and acquired treatment resistance further points towards the desire to develop pharmacological therapies to target epithelial plasticity in cancer. In this review we organized our discussion on pathways and agents that can be used to target the EMT in cancer into 3 groups: (1) extracellular inducers of EMT, (2) the transcription factors that orchestrate the EMT transcriptome, and (3) the downstream effectors of EMT. We highlight only briefly specific canonical pathways known to be involved in EMT, such as the signal transduction pathways TGFβ, EFGR, and Axl-Gas6. We emphasize in more detail pathways that we believe are emerging novel pathways and therapeutic targets such as epigenetic therapies, glycosylation pathways, and immunotherapy. The heterogeneity of tumors and the dynamic nature of epithelial plasticity in cancer cells make it likely that targeting only 1 EMT-related process will be unsuccessful or only transiently successful. We suggest that with greater understanding of epithelial plasticity regulation, such as with the EMT, a more systematic targeting of multiple EMT regulatory networks will be the best path forward to improve cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Malek
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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84
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Snail reprograms glucose metabolism by repressing phosphofructokinase PFKP allowing cancer cell survival under metabolic stress. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14374. [PMID: 28176759 PMCID: PMC5309788 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of glucose flux between aerobic glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not well-understood. Here we show that Snail (SNAI1), a key transcriptional repressor of EMT, regulates glucose flux toward PPP, allowing cancer cell survival under metabolic stress. Mechanistically, Snail regulates glycolytic activity via repression of phosphofructokinase, platelet (PFKP), a major isoform of cancer-specific phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), an enzyme involving the first rate-limiting step of glycolysis. The suppression of PFKP switches the glucose flux towards PPP, generating NADPH with increased metabolites of oxidative PPP. Functionally, dynamic regulation of PFKP significantly potentiates cancer cell survival under metabolic stress and increases metastatic capacities in vivo. Further, knockdown of PFKP rescues metabolic reprogramming and cell death induced by loss of Snail. Thus, the Snail-PFKP axis plays an important role in cancer cell survival via regulation of glucose flux between glycolysis and PPP. Cancer cell survival under metabolic stress is a critical step for metastasis. Here, the authors show that under glucose deprivation, Snail, a key regulator of the metastatic process, promotes survival by diverting glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway through repression of phosphofructokinase PFKP.
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85
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Misra J, Kim DK, Jung YS, Kim HB, Kim YH, Yoo EK, Kim BG, Kim S, Lee IK, Harris RA, Kim JS, Lee CH, Cho JW, Choi HS. O-GlcNAcylation of Orphan Nuclear Receptor Estrogen-Related Receptor γ Promotes Hepatic Gluconeogenesis. Diabetes 2016; 65:2835-48. [PMID: 27335230 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is a major positive regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Its transcriptional activity is suppressed by phosphorylation signaled by insulin in the fed state, but whether posttranslational modification alters its gluconeogenic activity in the fasted state is not known. Metabolically active hepatocytes direct a small amount of glucose into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, leading to protein O-GlcNAcylation. In this study, we demonstrate that ERRγ is O-GlcNAcylated by O-GlcNAc transferase in the fasted state. This stabilizes the protein by inhibiting proteasome-mediated protein degradation, increasing ERRγ recruitment to gluconeogenic gene promoters. Mass spectrometry identifies two serine residues (S317, S319) present in the ERRγ ligand-binding domain that are O-GlcNAcylated. Mutation of these residues destabilizes ERRγ protein and blocks the ability of ERRγ to induce gluconeogenesis in vivo. The impact of this pathway on gluconeogenesis in vivo was confirmed by the observation that decreasing the amount of O-GlcNAcylated ERRγ by overexpressing the deglycosylating enzyme O-GlcNAcase decreases ERRγ-dependent glucose production in fasted mice. We conclude that O-GlcNAcylation of ERRγ serves as a major signal to promote hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Misra
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Deagu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Deagu, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine and the Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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86
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Functional analysis of recombinant human and Yarrowia lipolytica O-GlcNAc transferases expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Microbiol 2016; 54:667-74. [PMID: 27687229 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation is an important post-translational modification in many cellular processes. It is mediated by O-GlcNAc transferases (OGTs), which catalyze the addition of O-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of the target proteins. In this study, we expressed a putative Yarrowia lipolytica OGT (YlOGT), the only homolog identified in the subphylum Saccharomycotina through bioinformatics analysis, and the human OGT (hOGT) as recombinant proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and performed their functional characterization. Immunoblotting assays using antibody against O-GlcNAc revealed that recombinant hOGT (rhOGT), but not the recombinant YlOGT (rYlOGT), undergoes auto-O-GlcNAcylation in the heterologous host S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the rhOGT expressed in S. cerevisiae showed a catalytic activity during in vitro assays using casein kinase II substrates, whereas no such activity was obtained in rYlOGT. However, the chimeric human-Y. lipolytica OGT, carrying the human tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain along with the Y. lipolytica catalytic domain (CTD), mediated the transfer of O-GlcNAc moiety during the in vitro assays. Although the overexpression of full-length OGTs inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae, no such inhibition was obtained upon overexpression of only the CTD fragment, indicating the role of TPR domain in growth inhibition. This is the first report on the functional analysis of the fungal OGT, indicating that the Y. lipolytica OGT retains its catalytic activity, although the physiological role and substrates of YlOGT remain to be elucidated.
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87
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Hazari YM, Bashir A, Haq EU, Fazili KM. Emerging tale of UPR and cancer: an essentiality for malignancy. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14381-14390. [PMID: 27629140 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of cellular response to counter any alteration in homeostasis of a cell originating at endoplasmic reticulum is collectively termed as unfolded protein response (UPR). It initially is adaptive in nature as to restore cellular normalcy failing in course often activates pro-apoptotic signaling pathway resulting in cell death. UPR has emerged as an essential adaptation mechanism that cross talk with various cellular processes for cancer pathogenesis. Interestingly, it plays diverse role in plethora of signaling pathways instrumental in transformation, cell invasion, cell migration, metastasis, neovascularization, proliferation, and maintenance of energy metabolism of cancerous cells. In cancerous cells, it is triggered by change in microenvironment of a cell usually driven by hypoxia, acidosis, and nutrient deprivation, which often leads to positive selection pressure involving the reprogramming of energy metabolism which promotes channelization of limited metabolites into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Substantial evidences suggest the role of UPR in oncogene (Myc, mTOR, RAS, HER2) driven cancer transformation and progression. In this review, we have comprehensively underlined the role played by UPR in adaptation, transformation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Mohammad Hazari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Arif Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ehtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Khalid Majid Fazili
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
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88
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Cheng S, Ren J, Su L, Liu J, Liu Q, Zhou J, Ye X, Zhu N. O-GlcNAcylation of the Signaling Scaffold Protein, GNB2L1 Promotes its Degradation and Increases Metastasis of Gastric Tumours. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1497-502. [PMID: 27530921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GNB2L1 is an intercellular scaffold protein of the Trp-Asp (WD) repeat protein family, and has been reported to play suppressive roles in the progression of gastric cancer. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GNB2L1 in gastric cancer still remain largely elusive. In the present study, we found that OGT was capable to interact with GNB2L1 directly and modify GNB2L1 with O-GlcNAcylation in gastric cancer, and this O-GlcNAcylation hindered the inhibition of GNB2L1 on migration of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation regulated the degradation instead of the synthesis of GNB2L1 in gastric cancer, and our data suggested the O-GlcNAcylation on GNB2L1 influenced its stability directly. In addition, the clinical data revealed the negative correlation of the protein level instead of the mRNA level of GNB2L1 with OGT expression, and showed that OGT reversed the inhibition of GNB2L1 on metastasis, and worsened the prognosis of GNB2L1(High) patients. In summary, this study indicated the O-GlcNAcylation on GNB2L1 reversed its inhibition on gastric tumour metastasis via promoting its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lina Su
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianlan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaolu Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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89
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Lu J, Xia Q, Long XD. Glycogen metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3391-3397. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i22.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent malignant tumor. Abnormal glycogen metabolism, an important metabolism process in HCC, mainly results from the variant structure, function, and expression levels of the corresponding enzymes and proteins. This variation, also called metabolic reprogramming, can regulate glycogen metabolic pathway to promote HCC tumorigenesis. This review aims to summarize glycogen metabolism-regulated factors (including glucose transporters, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and glycogen phosphorylase) involved in glycogen metabolic reprogramming in HCC
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90
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Baldini SF, Wavelet C, Hainault I, Guinez C, Lefebvre T. The Nutrient-Dependent O -GlcNAc Modification Controls the Expression of Liver Fatty Acid Synthase. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3295-3304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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91
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Ferrer CM, Sodi VL, Reginato MJ. O-GlcNAcylation in Cancer Biology: Linking Metabolism and Signaling. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3282-3294. [PMID: 27343361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is highly dependent on multiple metabolic nutrients including glucose, glutamine, and acetyl-CoA. Increased flux through HBP leads to elevated post-translational addition of β-D-N-acetylglucosamine sugars to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Increased total O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a general characteristic of cancer cells, and recent studies suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is a central communicator of nutritional status to control key signaling and metabolic pathways that regulate multiple cancer cell phenotypes. This review summarizes our current understanding of changes of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in cancer, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis, and the current challenges in targeting this pathway therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Ferrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Valerie L Sodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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92
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Taparra K, Tran PT, Zachara NE. Hijacking the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway to Promote EMT-Mediated Neoplastic Phenotypes. Front Oncol 2016; 6:85. [PMID: 27148477 PMCID: PMC4834358 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved program necessary for orchestrating distant cell migration during embryonic development. Multiple studies in cancer have demonstrated a critical role for EMT during the initial stages of tumorigenesis and later during tumor invasion. Transcription factors (TFs) such as SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB are master EMT regulators that are aberrantly overexpressed in many malignancies. Recent evidence correlates EMT-related transcriptomic alterations with metabolic reprograming in cancer. Metabolic alterations may allow cancer to adapt to environmental stressors, supporting the irregular macromolecular demand of rapid proliferation. One potential metabolic pathway of increasing importance is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). The HBP utilizes glycolytic intermediates to generate the metabolite UDP-GlcNAc. This and other charged nucleotide sugars serve as the basis for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. Recent reports in the field of glycobiology have cultivated great curiosity within the cancer research community. However, specific mechanistic relationships between the HBP and fundamental pathways of cancer, such as EMT, have yet to be elucidated. Altered protein glycosylation downstream of the HBP is well positioned to mediate many cellular changes associated with EMT including cell-cell adhesion, responsiveness to growth factors, immune system evasion, and signal transduction programs. Here, we outline some of the basics of the HBP and putative roles the HBP may have in driving EMT-related cancer processes. With novel appreciation of the HBP's connection to EMT, we hope to illuminate the potential for new therapeutic targets of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoa Taparra
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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93
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Lucena MC, Carvalho-Cruz P, Donadio JL, Oliveira IA, de Queiroz RM, Marinho-Carvalho MM, Sola-Penna M, de Paula IF, Gondim KC, McComb ME, Costello CE, Whelan SA, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induces Aberrant Glycosylation through Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Activation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12917-29. [PMID: 27129262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumors. Cancer cells increase glucose and glutamine flux to provide energy needs and macromolecular synthesis demands. Several studies have been focused on the importance of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. However, a neglected but very important branch of glucose metabolism is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). The HBP is a branch of the glucose metabolic pathway that consumes ∼2-5% of the total glucose, generating UDP-GlcNAc as the end product. UDP-GlcNAc is the donor substrate used in multiple glycosylation reactions. Thus, HBP links the altered metabolism with aberrant glycosylation providing a mechanism for cancer cells to sense and respond to microenvironment changes. Here, we investigate the changes of glucose metabolism during epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this process. We show that A549 cells increase glucose uptake during EMT, but instead of increasing the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, the glucose is shunted through the HBP. The activation of HBP induces an aberrant cell surface glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. The cell surface glycans display an increase of sialylation α2-6, poly-LacNAc, and fucosylation, all known epitopes found in different tumor models. In addition, modulation of O-GlcNAc levels was demonstrated to be important during the EMT process. Taken together, our results indicate that EMT is an applicable model to study metabolic and glycophenotype changes during carcinogenesis, suggesting that cell glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iron F de Paula
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and
| | - Katia C Gondim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and
| | - Mark E McComb
- the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Catherine E Costello
- the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Stephen A Whelan
- the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | | | - Wagner B Dias
- From the Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho,
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94
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Jang TJ, Kim UJ. O-GlcNAcylation is associated with the development and progression of gastric carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:622-30. [PMID: 27131860 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION O-GlcNAcylation occurs via an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety linked to the side chain hydroxyl of a serine or threonine residue on nucleocytoplasmic proteins. This reaction, which is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT), is involved in a variety of human cancers; however, its clinical significance in gastric carcinomas (GC) has been poorly investigated in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for O-GlcNAcylation and OGT was performed in 64 primary GCs, 40 gastric adenomas and nonneoplastic tissues adjacent to GCs, including 31 tissues of intestinal metaplasia and 24 normal gastric tissues. Their expressions were also studied in 20 tissues of chronic gastritis according to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. RESULTS O-GlcNAcylation was expressed in the nucleus and both the nuclear rim and cytoplasm. OGT was strongly expressed in the nucleus and weakly expressed in the cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylation expression levels were significantly correlated with those of OGT. Their expression levels were progressively increased during the carcinogenesis of GC. O-GlcNAcylation expression was higher in GC with intestinal type, higher pT stage and nodal metastasis, while OGT expression was higher in GC with nodal metastasis. Nuclear O-GlcNAcylation expression was more frequently observed in tumors including GC and adenoma than in nonneoplastic tissues including intestinal metaplasia and normal tissue. Nuclear O-GlcNAcylation expression in GC was closely associated with large size, moderate and poor differentiation, higher pT stage, nodal metastasis and higher clinical stage. In addition, the expression of O-GlcNAcylation and OGT was more elevated in H. pylori-infected chronic gastritis than in chronic gastritis without H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS O-GlcNAcylation expression and its nuclear expression were associated with the carcinogenesis and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jung Jang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ui Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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95
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Kim EY, Park KY, Seo YS, Kim WT. Arabidopsis Small Rubber Particle Protein Homolog SRPs Play Dual Roles as Positive Factors for Tissue Growth and Development and in Drought Stress Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2494-510. [PMID: 26903535 PMCID: PMC4825120 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as repositories for fatty acids and sterols, which are used for various cellular processes such as energy production and membrane and hormone synthesis. LD-associated proteins play important roles in seed development and germination, but their functions in postgermination growth are not well understood. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains three SRP homologs (SRP1, SRP2, and SRP3) that share sequence identities with small rubber particle proteins of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). In this report, the possible cellular roles of SRPs in postgermination growth and the drought tolerance response were investigated. Arabidopsis SRPs appeared to be LD-associated proteins and displayed polymerization properties in vivo and in vitro. SRP-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:SRP1, 35S:SRP2, and 35S:SRP3) exhibited higher vegetative and reproductive growth and markedly better tolerance to drought stress than wild-type Arabidopsis. In addition, constitutive over-expression of SRPs resulted in increased numbers of large LDs in postgermination seedlings. In contrast, single (srp1, 35S:SRP2-RNAi, and srp3) and triple (35S:SRP2-RNAi/srp1srp3) loss-of-function mutant lines exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Our results suggest that Arabidopsis SRPs play dual roles as positive factors in postgermination growth and the drought stress tolerance response. The possible relationships between LD-associated proteins and the drought stress response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Sam Seo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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96
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Serrano-Gomez SJ, Maziveyi M, Alahari SK. Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through epigenetic and post-translational modifications. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:18. [PMID: 26905733 PMCID: PMC4765192 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process in which a non-motile epithelial cell changes to a mesenchymal phenotype with invasive capacities. This phenomenon has been well documented in multiple biological processes including embryogenesis, fibrosis, tumor progression and metastasis. The hallmark of EMT is the loss of epithelial surface markers, most notably E-cadherin, and the acquisition of mesenchymal markers including vimentin and N-cadherin. The downregulation of E-cadherin during EMT can be mediated by its transcriptional repression through the binding of EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs) such as SNAIL, SLUG and TWIST to E-boxes present in the E-cadherin promoter. Additionally, EMT-TFs can also cooperate with several enzymes to repress the expression of E-cadherin and regulate EMT at the epigenetic and post- translational level. In this review, we will focus on epigenetic and post- translational modifications that are important in EMT. In addition, we will provide an overview of the various therapeutic approaches currently being investigated to undermine EMT and hence, the metastatic progression of cancer as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Juliana Serrano-Gomez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Mazvita Maziveyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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97
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Díaz VM, de Herreros AG. F-box proteins: Keeping the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in check. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 36:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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98
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Jang TJ. Differential membranous E-cadherin expression, cell proliferation and O-GlcNAcylation between primary and metastatic nodal lesion in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 212:113-9. [PMID: 26724145 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION O-GlcNAcylation is an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety linked to the side chain hydroxyl of a serine or threonine residue. The E-cadherin/β-catenin system, an integral component of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)/mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), is affected through O-GlcNAcylation. The current study examined the status of EMT/MET in both the tumor center and invasive front of the primary colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and metastatic nodal lesions, which were compared to O-GlcNAcylation expression levels in those areas. In addition, the cliniopathological significance of O-GlcNAcylation was studied MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, β-catenin, Snail, O-GlcNAc and Ki67 was performed in 40 primary CRC tissues, 40 nonneoplastic colons, and 17 nodal metastatic lesions. Western blot was also conducted in primary CRC tissue RESULTS Membranous E-cadherin expression was lowest in the invasive front, but showed greater increases in metastatic nodal lesions. Moreover, its expression level was negatively correlated with that of nuclear β-catenin and Snail. The Ki67 labeling index (LI) was lowest in the invasive front, and increased in metastatic nodal lesions. Primary CRC showed higher expression of O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) than nonneoplastic colons. O-GlcNAcylation expression decreased in metastatic nodal lesions compared to the invasive front and tumor center, and was inversely correlated with Ki67 LI. However, O-GlcNAcylation expression was only slightly changed between tumor center and invasive front. In addition, there was no correlation between its expression and the level of nuclear β-catenin, membranous E-cadherin and Snail. No significant relationship was observed between O-GlcNAcylation level and cliniopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS Differential membranous E-cadherin expression, cell proliferation and O-GlcNAcylation in metastatic nodal lesion compared to primary CRC may play role in establishing its lesions; however, these findings are not sufficient to show the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the EMT/MET of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jung Jang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyongju, Korea.
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99
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Kim HB, Lee SW, Mun CH, Yoon JY, Pai J, Shin I, Park YB, Lee SK, Cho JW. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation of p65 aggravated the inflammation in both fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α and mice with collagen induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:248. [PMID: 26370562 PMCID: PMC4570085 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated the inflammatory potential of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of p65 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and MH7A cells were treated with synthetic ThiaMet-G (200 μM), an O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor, followed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 μg/mL). Proliferation of synovial cells was measured by MTT assay, and the levels of mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory molecules were quantitated by RT-PCR. The nuclear localization of O-GlcNAcylated of p65 and its DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity were assessed. The severity assessment of arthritis and a histopathological examination were done in mice with collagen induced arthritis (CIA). ThiaMet-G (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection was done every other day for 26 days. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of T cells was performed. Results Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation increased the proliferation and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes in synoviocytes stimulated by TNF-α. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation of p65 enhanced its proportion of nuclear localization, DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity. In CIA mice, ThiaMet-G significantly aggravated the severity of arthritis clinically and histologically, and it also increased CD4 + IFN-γ + T cells and CD4 + IL-17+ T cells. Conclusions O-GlcNAcylation of p65 increased the effects of TNF-α-mediated inflammation both in vitro (in synovial cells) and in vivo (in mice with CIA). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0762-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Byeol Kim
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Ji Young Yoon
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Jaeyoung Pai
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Yong Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Soo Kon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
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MAPK/ERK signaling pathway-induced hyper-O-GlcNAcylation enhances cancer malignancy. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:101-10. [PMID: 26318312 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated MAPK/ERK signaling is implicated in one-third of human tumors and represents an attractive target for the development of anticancer drugs. Similarly, elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are detected in various cancers and serve as attractive novel cancer-specific therapeutic targets. However, the potential connection between them remains unexplored. Here, a positive correlation was found between the activated MAPK/ERK signaling and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in various cancer types and inhibition of the MAPK/ERK signaling by 10 µM U0126 significantly decreased the expression of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation in H1299, BPH-1 and DU145 cells; then, the pathway analysis of the potential regulators of OGT obtained from the UCSC Genome Browser was done, and ten downstream targets of ERK pathway were uncovered; the following results showed that ELK1, one of the ten targets of ERK pathway, mediated ERK signaling-induced OGT upregulation; finally, the MTT assay and the soft agar assay showed that the inhibition of MAPK/ERK signaling reduced the promotion effect of hyper-O-GlcNAcylation on cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Taken together, our data originally provided evidence for the regulatory mechanism of hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in tumors, which will be helpful for the development of anticancer drugs targeting to hyper-O-GlcNAcylation. This study also provided a new mechanism by which MAPK/ERK signaling-enhanced cancer malignancy. Altogether, the recently discovered oncogenic factor O-GlcNAc was linked to the classical MAPK/ERK signaling which is essential for the maintenance of malignant phenotype of cancers.
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