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Coppi E, Cencetti F, Cherchi F, Venturini M, Donati C, Bruni P, Pedata F, Pugliese AM. A 2 B Adenosine Receptors and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling Cross-Talk in Oligodendrogliogenesis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:677988. [PMID: 34135730 PMCID: PMC8202686 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.677988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte-formed myelin sheaths allow fast synaptic transmission in the brain. Impairments in the process of myelination, or demyelinating insults, might cause chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Under physiological conditions, remyelination is an ongoing process throughout adult life consisting in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). During pathological events, this process fails due to unfavorable environment. Adenosine and sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling axes (SphK/S1P) play important roles in remyelination processes. Remarkably, fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine analog recently approved for MS treatment, plays important roles in OPC maturation. We recently demonstrated that the selective stimulation of A2 B adenosine receptors (A2 B Rs) inhibit OPC differentiation in vitro and reduce voltage-dependent outward K+ currents (I K ) necessary to OPC maturation, whereas specific SphK1 or SphK2 inhibition exerts the opposite effect. During OPC differentiation A2 B R expression increases, this effect being prevented by SphK1/2 blockade. Furthermore, selective silencing of A2 B R in OPC cultures prompts maturation and, intriguingly, enhances the expression of S1P lyase, the enzyme responsible for irreversible S1P catabolism. Finally, the existence of an interplay between SphK1/S1P pathway and A2 B Rs in OPCs was confirmed since acute stimulation of A2 B Rs activates SphK1 by increasing its phosphorylation. Here the role of A2 B R and SphK/S1P signaling during oligodendrogenesis is reviewed in detail, with the purpose to shed new light on the interaction between A2 B Rs and S1P signaling, as eventual innovative targets for the treatment of demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Venturini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Cheng G, Zheng L. Regulation of the apolipoprotein M signaling pathway: a review. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:285-292. [PMID: 34006168 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1924203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM), an apolipoprotein predominantly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is considered a mediator of the numerous roles of HDL, including reverse cholesterol transport, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant, and mediates pre-β-HDL formation. ApoM expression is known to be regulated by a variety of in vivo and in vitro factors. The transcription factors farnesoid X receptor, small heterodimer partner, liver receptor homolog-1, and liver X receptor comprise the signaling cascade network that regulates the expression and secretion of apoM. Moreover, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α and c-Jun/JunB have been demonstrated to exert opposing regulatory effects on apoM through competitive binding to the same sites in the proximal region of the apoM gene. Furthermore, as a carrier and modulator of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), apoM binds to S1P within its hydrophobic-binding pocket. The apoM/S1P axis has been discovered to play a crucial role in the apoM signaling pathway through its ability to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, vascular barrier homeostasis, inflammatory response and other pathological and physiological processes. Using the findings of previous studies, the present review aimed to summarize the regulation of apoM expression by various factors and its role in different physiological and pathological conditions, and provide a new perspective for the further treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangli Cheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Vaena S, Chakraborty P, Lee HG, Janneh AH, Kassir MF, Beeson G, Hedley Z, Yalcinkaya A, Sofi MH, Li H, Husby ML, Stahelin RV, Yu XZ, Mehrotra S, Ogretmen B. Aging-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by ceramide signaling inhibits antitumor T cell response. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109076. [PMID: 33951438 PMCID: PMC8127241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We lack a mechanistic understanding of aging-mediated changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and lipid metabolism that affect T cell function. The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide, induced by aging stress, mediates mitophagy and cell death; however, the aging-related roles of ceramide metabolism in regulating T cell function remain unknown. Here, we show that activated T cells isolated from aging mice have elevated C14/C16 ceramide accumulation in mitochondria, generated by ceramide synthase 6, leading to mitophagy/mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, aging-dependent mitochondrial ceramide inhibits protein kinase A, leading to mitophagy in activated T cells. This aging/ceramide-dependent mitophagy attenuates the antitumor functions of T cells in vitro and in vivo. Also, inhibition of ceramide metabolism or PKA activation by genetic and pharmacologic means prevents mitophagy and restores the central memory phenotype in aging T cells. Thus, these studies help explain the mechanisms behind aging-related dysregulation of T cells' antitumor activity, which can be restored by inhibiting ceramide-dependent mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vaena
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Han Gyul Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alhaji H Janneh
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal Kassir
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Gyda Beeson
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zachariah Hedley
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ahmet Yalcinkaya
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - M Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Monica L Husby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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54
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Arsenault EJ, McGill CM, Barth BM. Sphingolipids as Regulators of Neuro-Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase 2. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:25-46. [PMID: 33547562 PMCID: PMC9020407 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation accompanies numerous neurological disorders and conditions where it can be associated with a progressive neurodegenerative pathology. In a similar manner, alterations in sphingolipid metabolism often accompany or are causative features in degenerative neurological conditions. These include dementias, motor disorders, autoimmune conditions, inherited metabolic disorders, viral infection, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, psychiatric conditions, and more. Sphingolipids are major regulators of cellular fate and function in addition to being important structural components of membranes. Their metabolism and signaling pathways can also be regulated by inflammatory mediators. Therefore, as certain sphingolipids exert distinct and opposing cellular roles, alterations in their metabolism can have major consequences. Recently, regulation of bioactive sphingolipids by neuro-inflammatory mediators has been shown to activate a neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) that can provoke damaging oxidation. Therefore, the sphingolipid-regulated neuronal NOX2 serves as a mechanistic link between neuro-inflammation and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutics directed at sphingolipid metabolism or the sphingolipid-regulated NOX2 have the potential to alleviate neurodegeneration arising out of neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Arsenault
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Colin M McGill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Brian M Barth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Bortolasci CC, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Moreira EG, Maes M. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and paraoxonase-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:244-263. [PMID: 33657433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first episode of psychosis, and schizophrenia. HDL, its major apolipoprotein component, ApoA1, and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON)1 (which is normally bound to ApoA1) all have anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory roles, which are discussed in this paper. The paper details the pathways mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 and describes the mechanisms leading to compromised HDL and PON1 levels and function in an environment of chronic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which changes in HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 might contribute to the pathophysiology of the neuroprogressive disorders are explained. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of ApoM-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling are reviewed as well as the deleterious effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on ApoM/S1P signalling. Finally, therapeutic interventions specifically aimed at improving the levels and function of HDL and PON1 while reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are considered. These include the so-called Mediterranean diet, extra virgin olive oil, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, pomegranate juice, melatonin and the Mediterranean diet combined with the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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56
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Walker MT, Ferrie RP, Hoji A, Schroeder-Carter LM, Cohen JD, Schnaar RL, Cook-Mills JM. β-Glucosylceramide From Allergic Mothers Enhances Offspring Responsiveness to Allergen. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2. [PMID: 34368802 PMCID: PMC8345025 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.647134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals and humans, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen and the allergen-specificity of the offspring can be different than that of the mother. In our preclinical models, the mother's allergic responses influence development of the fetus and offspring by elevating numbers of cells in dendritic cell subsets. A major question is the identity of maternal factors of allergic mothers that alter offspring development of responsiveness to allergen. Lipids are altered during allergic responses and lipids are transported to the fetus for growth and formation of fetal membranes. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory lipids, that are elevated in allergic mothers, are transported to the fetus and regulate fetal immune development. We demonstrate in this report that there was a significant 2-fold increase in β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCer) in allergic mothers, the fetal liver and her offspring. The βGlcCer were transported from mother's plasma, across the placenta, to the fetus and in breastmilk to the offspring. Administration of βGlcCer to non-allergic mothers was sufficient for offspring responses to allergen. Importantly, maternal administration of a clinically relevant pharmacological inhibitor of βGlcCer synthase returned βGlcCer to normal levels in the allergic mothers and her offspring and blocked the offspring increase in dendritic cell subsets and offspring allergen responsiveness. In summary, allergic mothers had increased βGlcCer that was transported to offspring and mediated increases in offspring DCs and responsiveness to allergen. These data have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms for development of allergies in offspring of allergic mothers and have the potential to lead to novel interventions that significantly impact risk for allergic disease early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Walker
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ryan P Ferrie
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aki Hoji
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsay M Schroeder-Carter
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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57
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Wigger D, Schumacher F, Schneider-Schaulies S, Kleuser B. Sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism and insulin signaling. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109959. [PMID: 33631318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is the main anabolic hormone secreted by β-cells of the pancreas stimulating the assimilation and storage of glucose in muscle and fat cells. It modulates the postprandial balance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins via enhancing lipogenesis, glycogen and protein synthesis and suppressing glucose generation and its release from the liver. Resistance to insulin is a severe metabolic disorder related to a diminished response of peripheral tissues to the insulin action and signaling. This leads to a disturbed glucose homeostasis that precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a disease reaching epidemic proportions. A large number of studies reported an association between elevated circulating fatty acids and the development of insulin resistance. The increased fatty acid lipid flux results in the accumulation of lipid droplets in a variety of tissues. However, lipid intermediates such as diacylglycerols and ceramides are also formed in response to elevated fatty acid levels. These bioactive lipids have been associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. More recently, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), another bioactive sphingolipid derivative, has also been shown to increase in T2D and obesity. Although many studies propose a protective role of S1P metabolism on insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, other studies suggest a causal role of S1P on insulin resistance. In this review, we critically summarize the current state of knowledge of S1P metabolism and its modulating role on insulin resistance. A particular emphasis is placed on S1P and insulin signaling in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, adipocytes and pancreatic β-cells. In particular, modulation of receptors and enzymes that regulate S1P metabolism can be considered as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wigger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, Nutritional Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, Nutritional Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, Nutritional Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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58
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Nitzsche A, Poittevin M, Benarab A, Bonnin P, Faraco G, Uchida H, Favre J, Garcia-Bonilla L, Garcia MCL, Léger PL, Thérond P, Mathivet T, Autret G, Baudrie V, Couty L, Kono M, Chevallier A, Niazi H, Tharaux PL, Chun J, Schwab SR, Eichmann A, Tavitian B, Proia RL, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Sanchez T, Kubis N, Henrion D, Iadecola C, Hla T, Camerer E. Endothelial S1P 1 Signaling Counteracts Infarct Expansion in Ischemic Stroke. Circ Res 2021; 128:363-382. [PMID: 33301355 PMCID: PMC7874503 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cerebrovascular function is critical for brain health, and endogenous vascular protective pathways may provide therapeutic targets for neurological disorders. S1P (Sphingosine 1-phosphate) signaling coordinates vascular functions in other organs, and S1P1 (S1P receptor-1) modulators including fingolimod show promise for the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. However, S1P1 also coordinates lymphocyte trafficking, and lymphocytes are currently viewed as the principal therapeutic target for S1P1 modulation in stroke. OBJECTIVE To address roles and mechanisms of engagement of endothelial cell S1P1 in the naive and ischemic brain and its potential as a target for cerebrovascular therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS Using spatial modulation of S1P provision and signaling, we demonstrate a critical vascular protective role for endothelial S1P1 in the mouse brain. With an S1P1 signaling reporter, we reveal that abluminal polarization shields S1P1 from circulating endogenous and synthetic ligands after maturation of the blood-neural barrier, restricting homeostatic signaling to a subset of arteriolar endothelial cells. S1P1 signaling sustains hallmark endothelial functions in the naive brain and expands during ischemia by engagement of cell-autonomous S1P provision. Disrupting this pathway by endothelial cell-selective deficiency in S1P production, export, or the S1P1 receptor substantially exacerbates brain injury in permanent and transient models of ischemic stroke. By contrast, profound lymphopenia induced by loss of lymphocyte S1P1 provides modest protection only in the context of reperfusion. In the ischemic brain, endothelial cell S1P1 supports blood-brain barrier function, microvascular patency, and the rerouting of blood to hypoperfused brain tissue through collateral anastomoses. Boosting these functions by supplemental pharmacological engagement of the endothelial receptor pool with a blood-brain barrier penetrating S1P1-selective agonist can further reduce cortical infarct expansion in a therapeutically relevant time frame and independent of reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS This study provides genetic evidence to support a pivotal role for the endothelium in maintaining perfusion and microvascular patency in the ischemic penumbra that is coordinated by S1P signaling and can be harnessed for neuroprotection with blood-brain barrier-penetrating S1P1 agonists.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology
- Cerebral Arteries/drug effects
- Cerebral Arteries/metabolism
- Cerebral Arteries/pathology
- Cerebral Arteries/physiopathology
- Cerebrovascular Circulation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/prevention & control
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/metabolism
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/pathology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/physiopathology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/prevention & control
- Ischemic Stroke/metabolism
- Ischemic Stroke/pathology
- Ischemic Stroke/physiopathology
- Ischemic Stroke/prevention & control
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microcirculation
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/metabolism
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors/agonists
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors/genetics
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Vascular Patency
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Nitzsche
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | - Marine Poittevin
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
- Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Hôpital Lariboisière
| | - Ammar Benarab
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- Université de Paris, INSERM U965 and Physiologie Clinique - Explorations-Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière
| | - Giuseppe Faraco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York
| | - Hiroki Uchida
- Center for Vascular Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York
| | - Julie Favre
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University
| | - Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York
| | - Manuela C. L. Garcia
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University
| | - Pierre-Louis Léger
- Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Hôpital Lariboisière
- INSERM U1141, Hôpital Robert Debré
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Biochimie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Université Paris-Sud
- UFR de Pharmacie, EA 4529, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Thomas Mathivet
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | | | - Ludovic Couty
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | - Mari Kono
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aline Chevallier
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | - Hira Niazi
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | | | - Jerold Chun
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
| | | | - Richard L. Proia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Teresa Sanchez
- Center for Vascular Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York
| | - Nathalie Kubis
- Université de Paris, INSERM U965 and Physiologie Clinique - Explorations-Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Eric Camerer
- Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM
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Kobayashi T, Kurano M, Nanya M, Shimizu T, Ohkawa R, Tozuka M, Yatomi Y. Glycation of HDL Polymerizes Apolipoprotein M and Attenuates Its Capacity to Bind to Sphingosine 1-Phosphate. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:730-741. [PMID: 32999208 PMCID: PMC8265924 DOI: 10.5551/jat.55699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
Recently, it has been established that most of the pleiotropic effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are attributed to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which rides on HDL via apolipoprotein M (ApoM). In subjects with diabetes mellitus, both the pleiotropic effects of HDL and its role in reverse cholesterol transport are reported to be impaired. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the impaired pleiotropic effects of HDL in subjects with diabetes, from the aspects of S1P and ApoM.
Methods:
The incubation of HDL in a high-glucose condition resulted in the dimerization of ApoM. Moreover, the treatment of HDL with methylglyoxal resulted in the modulation of the ApoM structure, as suggested by the results of western blot analysis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, which was reversed by treatment with anti-glycation reagents.
Results:
The glycation of HDL resulted in impaired binding of the glycated HDL to S1P, and the S1P on glycated HDL degraded faster. In the case of human subjects, on the other hand, although both the serum ApoM levels and the ApoM content in HDL were lower in subjects with diabetes, we did not observe the polymerization of ApoM.
Conclusions:
Modulation of the quantity and quality of ApoM might explain, at least in part, the impaired functions of HDL in subjects with diabetes mellitus. ApoM might be a useful target for laboratory testing and/or the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mai Nanya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tomo Shimizu
- Research and Development Division, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd
| | - Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Minoru Tozuka
- Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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60
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Ren R, Pang B, Han Y, Li Y. A Glimpse of the Structural Biology of the Metabolism of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:2515256421995601. [PMID: 37366379 PMCID: PMC10243590 DOI: 10.1177/2515256421995601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a key sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays crucial roles in vascular and immune systems. It regulates angiogenesis, vascular integrity and homeostasis, allergic responses, and lymphocyte trafficking. S1P is interconverted with sphingosine, which is also derived from the deacylation of ceramide. S1P levels and the ratio to ceramide in cells are tightly regulated by its metabolic pathways. Abnormal S1P production causes the occurrence and progression of numerous severe diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cancers, autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and kidney and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, huge advances on the structure of S1P metabolic pathways have been accomplished. In this review, we have got a glimpse of S1P metabolism through structural and biochemical studies of: sphingosine kinases, S1P transporters and S1P receptors, and the development of therapeutics targeting S1P signaling. The progress we summarize here could provide fresh perspectives to further the exploration of S1P functions and facilitate the development of therapeutic molecules targeting S1P signaling with improved specificity and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Ren
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Pang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufei Han
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihao Li
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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61
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He S, Cai T, Yuan J, Zheng X, Yang W. Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:149-167. [PMID: 33740249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells recognize "foreign" antigens and induce durable humoral and cellular immune responses, which are indispensable for defending pathogens, as well as maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of tissues and organs. T cells are the major immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment which play a critical role in the antitumor immune response and cancer immune surveillance. Defective immune response of tumor-infiltrating T cells is the main cause of cancer immune evasion. The antitumor response of T cells is affected by multiple factors in the tumor microenvironment, including immunosuppressive cells, immune inhibitory cytokines, tumor-derived suppressive signals like PD-L1, immnuogenicity of tumor cells, as well as metabolic factors like hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Abundant studies in past decades have proved the metabolic regulations of the immune response of T cells and the tumor-infiltrating T cells. In this chapter, we will discuss the regulations of the antitumor response of tumor-infiltrating T cells by lipid metabolism, which is one of the main components of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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62
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Xie SZ, Kaufmann KB, Wang W, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Gan OI, Laurenti E, Garcia-Prat L, Takayanagi SI, Ng SWK, Xu C, Zeng AGX, Jin L, McLeod J, Wagenblast E, Mitchell A, Kennedy JA, Liu Q, Boutzen H, Kleinau M, Jargstorf J, Holmes G, Zhang Y, Voisin V, Bader GD, Wang JCY, Hannun YA, Luberto C, Schroeder T, Minden MD, Dick JE. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 potentiates inflammatory programs in normal and leukemia stem cells to promote differentiation. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:32-53. [PMID: 33458693 PMCID: PMC7116590 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a caricature of normal hematopoiesis, driven from leukemia stem cells (LSC) that share some hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) programs including responsiveness to inflammatory signaling. Although inflammation dysregulates mature myeloid cells and influences stemness programs and lineage determination in HSC by activating stress myelopoiesis, such roles in LSC are poorly understood. Here, we show that S1PR3, a receptor for the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a central regulator which drives myeloid differentiation and activates inflammatory programs in both HSC and LSC. S1PR3-mediated inflammatory signatures varied in a continuum from primitive to mature myeloid states across AML patient cohorts, each with distinct phenotypic and clinical properties. S1PR3 was high in LSC and blasts of mature myeloid samples with linkages to chemosensitivity, while S1PR3 activation in primitive samples promoted LSC differentiation leading to eradication. Our studies open new avenues for therapeutic target identification specific for each AML subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Z Xie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kerstin B Kaufmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga I Gan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Garcia-Prat
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takayanagi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Therapy Project, R&D Division, Kirin Holdings Company, Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Stanley W K Ng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - ChangJiang Xu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andy G X Zeng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liqing Jin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica McLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elvin Wagenblast
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A Kennedy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Héléna Boutzen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Kleinau
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Jargstorf
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gareth Holmes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Voisin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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63
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Drexler Y, Molina J, Mitrofanova A, Fornoni A, Merscher S. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolism and Signaling in Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:9-31. [PMID: 33376112 PMCID: PMC7894665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites have gained attention because of their essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases. Studies in models of experimental and clinical nephropathies have described accumulation of sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites, and it has become clear that the intracellular sphingolipid composition of renal cells is an important determinant of renal function. Proper function of the glomerular filtration barrier depends heavily on the integrity of lipid rafts, which include sphingolipids as key components. In addition to contributing to the structural integrity of membranes, sphingolipid metabolites, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play important roles as second messengers regulating biologic processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. This review will focus on the role of S1P in renal cells and how aberrant extracellular and intracellular S1P signaling contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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64
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Engelbrecht E, MacRae CA, Hla T. Lysolipids in Vascular Development, Biology, and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:564-584. [PMID: 33327749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.305565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipid metabolism forms lysophospholipids, which possess unique biochemical and biophysical properties that influence membrane structure and dynamics. However, lysophospholipids also function as ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors that influence embryonic development, postnatal physiology, and disease. The 2 most well-studied species-lysophosphatidic acid and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate)-are particularly relevant to vascular development, physiology, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the role of lysophosphatidic acid and S1P in vascular developmental processes, endothelial cell biology, and their roles in cardiovascular disease processes. In addition, we also point out the apparent connections between lysophospholipid biology and the Wnt (int/wingless family) pathway, an evolutionarily conserved fundamental developmental signaling system. The discovery that components of the lysophospholipid signaling system are key genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease has warranted current and future research in this field. As pharmacological approaches to modulate lysophospholipid signaling have entered the clinical sphere, new findings in this field promise to influence novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine (C.A.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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65
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Harsløf M, Pedersen KM, Nordestgaard BG, Afzal S. Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High White Blood Cell Counts: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:976-987. [PMID: 33327746 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal studies suggest that HDL (high-density lipoprotein) regulates proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we tested the hypothesis that low HDL cholesterol is associated with high white blood cell counts. Approach and Results: We included 107 952 individuals aged 20 to 100 years from the Copenhagen General Population Study with information on HDL cholesterol, white blood cell counts, and 9 genetic variants associated with HDL cholesterol. In multivariable-adjusted observational analyses, HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with white blood cell counts. On a continuous scale, a 1-mmol/L (39 mg/dL) lower HDL cholesterol was associated with 5.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-5.4%) higher leukocytes, 4.5% (95% CI, 4.0%-4.9%) higher neutrophils, 5.7% (95% CI, 5.3%-6.1%) higher lymphocytes, 5.7% (95% CI, 5.3%-6.2%) higher monocytes, 14.8% (95% CI, 13.9%-15.8%) higher eosinophils, and 3.9% (95% CI, 3.1%-4.7%) higher basophils. In age- and sex-adjusted genetic analyses using the inverse-variance weighted analysis, a 1-mmol/L (39 mg/dL) genetically determined lower HDL cholesterol was associated with 2.2% (95% CI, 0.3%-4.1%) higher leukocytes, 4.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-7.1%) higher lymphocytes, 4.3% (95% CI, 2.6%-6.1%) higher monocytes, and 4.8% (95% CI, 1.2%-8.5%) higher eosinophils. Overall, the genetic associations were robust across sensitivity analyses and replicated using summary statistics from the UK Biobank with up to 350 470 individuals. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and hence lifelong low HDL cholesterol was associated with high peripheral blood leukocytes, including high lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The concordance between observational and genetic estimates and independent replication suggest a potential causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Harsløf
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kasper M Pedersen
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.)
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.)
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.)
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66
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Yao S, Luo G, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhan Y, Xu N, Zhang X, Zheng L. Apolipoprotein M promotes the anti-inflammatory effect of high-density lipoprotein by binding to scavenger receptor BI. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1676. [PMID: 33490188 PMCID: PMC7812182 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation participates pivotally in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated plasma protein that affects HDL metabolism and shows various anti-inflammatory functions in atherosclerosis. In this study, we aim to determine whether apoM is expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and promoted the anti-inflammatory effect of HDL by combing with scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI). Methods The expression of apoM in PBMCs is detected by a confocal fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The interactions between apoM and SR-BI are detected with co-immunoprecipitation. The multiplexed Luminex xMAP assay detects the inflammatory factors induced by apoM+ HDL and apoM– HDL in inflammatory cell model. Results ApoM is expressed on CD14+ monocytes, CD3+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells, CD16+ and CD56+ NK cells. CD14+ monocytes have the highest ratio of apoM+ cells. ApoM+ HDL, apoM– HDL, and recombinant apoM protein could be co-precipitated with SR-BI on the surface of human THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells. In vitro, apoM+ HDL induces significantly less expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β than apoM– HDL. Conclusions ApoM was expressed on all PBMCs. ApoM interacted with SR-BI on THP-1. ApoM+ HDL has a more significant anti-inflammatory effect than apoM– HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, Lunds, Sweden
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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67
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Ziegler AC, Müller T, Gräler MH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate in sepsis and beyond: Its role in disease tolerance and host defense and the impact of carrier molecules. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109849. [PMID: 33249088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important immune modulator responsible for physiological cellular responses like lymphocyte development and function, positioning and emigration of T and B cells and cytokine secretion. Recent reports indicate that S1P does not only regulate immunity, but can also protect the function of organs by inducing disease tolerance. S1P also influences the replication of certain pathogens, and sphingolipids are also involved in pathogen recognition and killing. Certain carrier molecules for S1P like serum albumin and high density lipoproteins contribute to the regulation of S1P effects. They are able to associate with S1P and modulate its signaling properties. Similar to S1P, both carrier molecules are also decreased in sepsis patients and likely contribute to sepsis pathology and severity. In this review, we will introduce the concept of disease tolerance and the involvement of S1P. We will also discuss the contribution of S1P and its precursor sphingosine to host defense mechanisms against pathogens. Finally, we will summarize current data demonstrating the influence of carrier molecules for differential S1P signaling. The presented data may lead to new strategies for the prevention and containment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Ziegler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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68
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Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. Novel Insights From Human Studies on the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Mortality and Noncardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:128-140. [PMID: 33232200 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of research about HDL (high-density lipoprotein) has for decades revolved around the possible role of HDL in atherosclerosis and its therapeutic potential within cardiovascular disease prevention; however, failures with therapies aimed at increasing HDL cholesterol has left questions as to what the role and function of HDL in human health and disease is. Recent observational studies have further shown that extreme high HDL cholesterol is associated with high mortality leading to speculations that HDL could in some instances be harmful. In addition, evidence from observational, and to a lesser extent genetic studies has emerged indicating that HDL might be associated with the development of other major noncardiovascular diseases, such as infectious disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, and lung disease. In this review, we discuss (1) the association between extreme high HDL cholesterol and mortality and (2) the emerging human evidence linking HDL to several major diseases outside the realm of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.)
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.)
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.).,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (B.G.N.)
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69
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Nazir S, Jankowski V, Bender G, Zewinger S, Rye KA, van der Vorst EP. Interaction between high-density lipoproteins and inflammation: Function matters more than concentration! Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:94-119. [PMID: 33080259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and especially contributes to the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Over recent years it has become clear that the effect of HDL on immune-modulation is not only dependent on HDL concentration but also and perhaps even more so on HDL function. This review will provide a concise general introduction to HDL followed by an overview of post-translational modifications of HDL and a detailed overview of the role of HDL in inflammatory diseases. The clinical potential of HDL and its main apolipoprotein constituent, apoA-I, is also addressed in this context. Finally, some conclusions and remarks that are important for future HDL-based research and further development of HDL-focused therapies are discussed.
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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71
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Guy AT, Kamiguchi H. Lipids as new players in axon guidance and circuit development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:22-29. [PMID: 33039927 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of functional neuronal circuitry depends on axon guidance, in which extracellular chemotropic cues provide directional instructions to developing axons in the embryonic nervous system. Recently lipids, in particular lysolipids, are being appraised as a new class of axon guidance cues. Most lysolipids are formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, and signal via a wide variety of mechanisms including specific G protein-coupled receptors. For example, lysophosphatidylglucoside released from a specific type of glia activates neuronal GPR55 to regulate axon tract patterning. However, demonstrating the in vivo mechanisms of lysolipid axon guidance is often challenging and complex. Here we will review in detail lysolipids that have been identified or proposed as axon guidance cues in the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Guy
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan.
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72
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Dhangadamajhi G, Singh S. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Malaria Pathogenesis and Its Implication in Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:353. [PMID: 32923406 PMCID: PMC7456833 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid intermediate in the sphingolipid metabolism, which exist in two pools, intracellular and extracellular, and each pool has a different function. The circulating extracellular pool, specifically the plasma S1P is shown to be important in regulating various physiological processes related to malaria pathogenesis in recent years. Although blood cells (red blood cells and platelets), vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes are considered as the important sources of plasma S1P, their extent of contribution is still debated. The red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets serve as a major repository of intracellular S1P due to lack, or low activity of S1P degrading enzymes, however, contribution of platelets toward maintaining plasma S1P is shown negligible under normal condition. Substantial evidences suggest platelets loss during falciparum infection as a contributing factor for severe malaria. However, platelets function as a source for plasma S1P in malaria needs to be examined experimentally. RBC being the preferential site for parasite seclusion, and having the ability of trans-cellular S1P transportation to EC upon tight cell-cell contact, might play critical role in differential S1P distribution and parasite growth. In the present review, we have summarized the significance of both the S1P pools in the context of malaria, and how the RBC content of S1P can be channelized in better ways for its possible implication in therapeutic opportunities to control malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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73
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Sptlc1 is essential for myeloid differentiation and hematopoietic homeostasis. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3635-3649. [PMID: 31751474 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) long-chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1) is 1 of the 2 main catalytic subunits of the SPT complex, which catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Here, we show that Sptlc1 deletion in adult bone marrow (BM) cells results in defective myeloid differentiation. In chimeric mice from noncompetitive BM transplant assays, there was an expansion of the Lin- c-Kit+ Sca-1+ compartment due to increased multipotent progenitor production, but myeloid differentiation was severely compromised. We also show that defective biogenesis of sphingolipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress that affects myeloid differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that transient accumulation of fatty acid, a substrate for sphingolipid biosynthesis, could be partially responsible for the ER stress. Independently, we find that ER stress in general, such as that induced by the chemical thapsigargin or the fatty acid palmitic acid, compromises myeloid differentiation in culture. These results identify perturbed sphingolipid metabolism as a source of ER stress, which may produce diverse pathological effects related to differential cell-type sensitivity.
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74
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Wafa D, Koch N, Kovács J, Kerék M, Proia RL, Tigyi GJ, Benyó Z, Miklós Z. Opposing Roles of S1P 3 Receptors in Myocardial Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081770. [PMID: 32722120 PMCID: PMC7466142 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid mediator with diverse biological function mediated by S1P1–5 receptors. Whereas S1P was shown to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, other studies highlighted its vasoconstrictor effects. We aimed to separate the beneficial and potentially deleterious cardiac effects of S1P during I/R and identify the signaling pathways involved. Wild type (WT), S1P2-KO and S1P3-KO Langendorff-perfused murine hearts were exposed to intravascular S1P, I/R, or both. S1P induced a 45% decrease of coronary flow (CF) in WT-hearts. The presence of S1P-chaperon albumin did not modify this effect. CF reduction diminished in S1P3-KO but not in S1P2-KO hearts, indicating that in our model S1P3 mediates coronary vasoconstriction. In I/R experiments, S1P3 deficiency had no influence on postischemic CF but diminished functional recovery and increased infarct size, indicating a cardioprotective effect of S1P3. Preischemic S1P exposure resulted in a substantial reduction of postischemic CF and cardiac performance and increased the infarcted area. Although S1P3 deficiency increased postischemic CF, this failed to improve cardiac performance. These results indicate a dual role of S1P3 involving a direct protective action on the myocardium and a cardiosuppressive effect due to coronary vasoconstriction. In acute coronary syndrome when S1P may be released abundantly, intravascular and myocardial S1P production might have competing influences on myocardial function via activation of S1P3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Wafa
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Nóra Koch
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Janka Kovács
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Margit Kerék
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Richard L. Proia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Gábor J. Tigyi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Miklós
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (Z.M.)
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75
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Alaamery M, Albesher N, Aljawini N, Alsuwailm M, Massadeh S, Wheeler MA, Chao CC, Quintana FJ. Role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2020; 158:25-35. [PMID: 32402091 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids highly enriched in the central nervous system (CNS), which shows great diversity and complexity, and has been implicated in CNS development and function. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been described in multiple diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration, evaluating its direct roles in neuron development and health, and also in the induction of neurotoxic activities in CNS-resident astrocytes and microglia in the context of neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we focus on the metabolism of gangliosides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, its contribution to the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, and its potential as a candidate target for the therapeutic modulation of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alaamery
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Albesher
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Aljawini
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneera Alsuwailm
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- KACST-BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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76
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Abu Hamdeh S, Khoonsari PE, Shevchenko G, Gordh T, Ericson H, Kultima K. Increased CSF Levels of Apolipoproteins and Complement Factors in Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients-In Depth Proteomic Analysis Using Mass Spectrometry. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2020; 21:1075-1084. [PMID: 32553624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main cause of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is compression of a blood vessel at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve. However, a neurovascular conflict does not seem to be the only etiology and other mechanisms are implicated in the development of the disease. We hypothesized that TN patients may have distinct protein expression in the CSF. In this study, lumbar CSF from TN patients (n = 17), scheduled to undergo microvascular decompression, and from controls (n = 20) was analyzed and compared with in depth mass spectrometry TMTbased quantitative proteomics. We identified 2552 unique proteins, of which 46 were significantly altered (26 increased, and 20 decreased, q-value < .05) in TN patients compared with controls. An over-representation analysis showed proteins involved in high-density lipoprotein, such as Apolipoprotein A4, Apolipoprotein M, and Apolipoprotein A1, and the extracellular region, including proteins involved in the complement cascade to be over-represented. We conclude that TN patients have distinct protein expression in the CSF compared to controls. The pathophysiological background of the protein alterations found in this study warrants further investigation in future studies. PERSPECTIVE: In this article, cerebrospinal fluid from patients with trigeminal neuralgia was analyzed using in depth shotgun proteomics, revealing 46 differentially expressed proteins compared to controls. Among these, apolipoproteins and proteins involved in the complement system were elevated and significantly over-represented, implying an inflammatory component in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abu Hamdeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Payam Emami Khoonsari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chemical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Gordh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Ericson
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chemical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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77
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Ding BS, Yang D, Swendeman SL, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Friedman SL, Powell CA, Hla T, Cao Z. Aging Suppresses Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Chaperone ApoM in Circulation Resulting in Maladaptive Organ Repair. Dev Cell 2020; 53:677-690.e4. [PMID: 32544390 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that the liver-derived apolipoprotein M (ApoM) protects the lung and kidney from pro-fibrotic insults and that this circulating factor is attenuated in aged mice. Aged mouse hepatocytes exhibit transcriptional suppression of ApoM. This leads to reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling via the S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) in the vascular endothelial cells of lung and kidney. Suboptimal S1PR1 angiocrine signaling causes reduced resistance to injury-induced vascular leak and leads to organ fibrosis. Plasma transfusion from Apom transgenic mice but not Apom knockout mice blocked fibrosis in the lung. Similarly, infusion of recombinant therapeutics, ApoM-Fc fusion protein enhanced kidney and lung regeneration and attenuated fibrosis in aged mouse after injury. Furthermore, we identified that aging alters Sirtuin-1-hepatic nuclear factor 4α circuit in hepatocytes to downregulate ApoM. These data reveal an integrative organ adaptation that involves circulating S1P chaperone ApoM+ high density lipoprotein (HDL), which signals via endothelial niche S1PR1 to spur regeneration over fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sen Ding
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dawei Yang
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steve L Swendeman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Righosiptalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Righosiptalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles A Powell
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- Fibrosis Research Center, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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78
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Chun J, Kihara Y, Jonnalagadda D, Blaho VA. Fingolimod: Lessons Learned and New Opportunities for Treating Multiple Sclerosis and Other Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 59:149-170. [PMID: 30625282 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya) was the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved oral therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Research on modified fungal metabolites converged with basic science studies that had identified lysophospholipid (LP) sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, providing mechanistic insights on fingolimod while validating LP receptors as drug targets. Mechanism of action (MOA) studies identified receptor-mediated processes involving the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). These dual actions represent a more general theme for S1P and likely other LP receptor modulators. Fingolimod's direct CNS activities likely contribute to its efficacy in MS, with particular relevance to treating progressive disease stages and forms that involve neurodegeneration. The evolving understanding of fingolimod's MOA has provided strategies for developing next-generation compounds with superior attributes, suggesting new ways to target S1P as well as other LP receptor modulators for novel therapeutics in the CNS and other organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Victoria A Blaho
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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79
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Chirinos JA, Zhao L, Jia Y, Frej C, Adamo L, Mann D, Shewale SV, Millar JS, Rader DJ, French B, Brandimarto J, Margulies KB, Parks JS, Wang Z, Seiffert DA, Fang J, Sweitzer N, Chistoffersen C, Dahlbäck B, Car BD, Gordon DA, Cappola TP, Javaheri A. Reduced Apolipoprotein M and Adverse Outcomes Across the Spectrum of Human Heart Failure. Circulation 2020; 141:1463-1476. [PMID: 32237898 PMCID: PMC7200273 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apo (apolipoprotein) M mediates the physical interaction between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Apo M exerts anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects in animal models. METHODS In a subset of PHFS (Penn Heart Failure Study) participants (n=297), we measured apo M by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). We also measured total S1P by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and isolated HDL particles to test the association between apo M and HDL-associated S1P. We confirmed the relationship between apo M and outcomes using modified aptamer-based apo M measurements among 2170 adults in the PHFS and 2 independent cohorts: the Washington University Heart Failure Registry (n=173) and a subset of TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial; n=218). Last, we examined the relationship between apo M and ≈5000 other proteins (SomaScan assay) to identify biological pathways associated with apo M in heart failure. RESULTS In the PHFS, apo M was inversely associated with the risk of death (standardized hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.51-0.61]; P<0.0001) and the composite of death/ventricular assist device implantation/heart transplantation (standardized hazard ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.58-0.67]; P<0.0001). This relationship was independent of HDL cholesterol or apo AI levels. Apo M remained associated with death (hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.69-0.88]; P<0.0001) and the composite of death/ventricular assist device/heart transplantation (hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76-0.94]; P=0.001) in models that adjusted for multiple confounders. This association was present in both heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction and was replicated in the Washington University cohort and a cohort with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction only (TOPCAT). The S1P and apo M content of isolated HDL particles strongly correlated (R=0.81, P<0.0001). The top canonical pathways associated with apo M were inflammation (negative association), the coagulation system (negative association), and liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation (positive association). The relationship with inflammation was validated with multiple inflammatory markers measured with independent assays. CONCLUSIONS Reduced circulating apo M is independently associated with adverse outcomes across the spectrum of human heart failure. Further research is needed to assess whether the apo M/S1P axis is a suitable therapeutic target in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Chirinos
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ
| | - Yi Jia
- SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, CO
| | | | - Luigi Adamo
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Douglas Mann
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Swapnil V. Shewale
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - John S. Millar
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin French
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeff Brandimarto
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - John S. Parks
- Dept. of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | | | | | - James Fang
- University of Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nancy Sweitzer
- Sarver Heart Institute, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ
| | - Christina Chistoffersen
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet and Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Thomas P. Cappola
- Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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80
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Shimizu T, Kassai H, Nakao K, Aiba A, Hara M, Yatomi Y. Protection Against Insulin Resistance by Apolipoprotein M/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Diabetes 2020; 69:867-881. [PMID: 31915150 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with low serum HDL cholesterol levels are reported to be susceptible to diabetes, with insulin resistance believed to be the underlying pathological mechanism. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a multifunctional lipid mediator, on HDL, and the pleiotropic effects of HDL are believed to be mediated by S1P. In the current study, we attempted to investigate the potential association between apoM/S1P and insulin resistance. We observed that the serum levels of apoM were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and that they were negatively correlated with BMI and the insulin resistance index. While deletion of apoM in mice was associated with worsening of insulin resistance, overexpression of apoM was associated with improvement of insulin resistance. Presumably, apoM/S1P exerts its protective effect against insulin resistance by activating insulin signaling pathways, such as the AKT and AMPK pathways, and also by improving the mitochondrial functions through upregulation of SIRT1 protein levels. These actions of apoM/S1P appear to be mediated via activation of S1P1 and/or S1P3. These results suggest that apoM/S1P exerts protective roles against the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism, Diabetes and Nephrology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomo Shimizu
- Research & Development Division, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kassai
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cas MD, Roda G, Li F, Secundo F. Functional Lipids in Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3074. [PMID: 32349258 PMCID: PMC7246500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are apolar small molecules known not only as components of cell membranes but also, in recent literature, as modulators of different biological functions. Herein, we focused on the bioactive lipids that can influence the immune responses and inflammatory processes regulating vascular hyperreactivity, pain, leukocyte trafficking, and clearance. In the case of excessive pro-inflammatory lipid activity, these lipids also contribute to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation. Based on their biochemical function, these lipids can be divided into different families, including eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and endocannabinoids. These bioactive lipids are involved in all phases of the inflammatory process and the pathophysiology of different chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20131 Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays critical roles in an immune response. Drugs targeting S1P signaling have been remarkably successful in treatment of multiple sclerosis, and they have shown promise in clinical trials for colitis and psoriasis. One mechanism of these drugs is to block lymphocyte exit from lymph nodes, where lymphocytes are initially activated, into circulation, from which lymphocytes can reach sites of inflammation. Indeed, S1P can be considered a circulation marker, signaling to immune cells to help them find blood and lymphatic vessels, and to endothelial cells to stabilize the vasculature. That said, S1P plays pleiotropic roles in the immune response, and it will be important to build an integrated view of how S1P shapes inflammation. S1P can function so effectively because its distribution is exquisitely tightly controlled. Here we review how S1P gradients regulate immune cell exit from tissues, with particular attention to key outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey A.L. Baeyens
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;,
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;,
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Obinata H, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and inflammation. Int Immunol 2020; 31:617-625. [PMID: 31049553 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid mediator, regulates various cellular functions via high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors, S1P1-5. The S1P-S1P receptor signaling system plays important roles in lymphocyte trafficking and maintenance of vascular integrity, thus contributing to the regulation of complex inflammatory processes. S1P is enriched in blood and lymph while maintained low in intracellular or interstitial fluids, creating a steep S1P gradient that is utilized to facilitate efficient egress of lymphocytes from lymphoid organs. Blockage of the S1P-S1P receptor signaling system results in a marked decrease in circulating lymphocytes because of a failure of lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. This provides a basis of immunomodulatory drugs targeting S1P1 receptor such as FTY720, an immunosuppressive drug approved in 2010 as the first oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The S1P-S1P receptor signaling system also plays important roles in maintenance of vascular integrity since it suppresses sprouting angiogenesis and regulates vascular permeability. Dysfunction of the S1P-S1P receptor signaling system results in various vascular defects, such as exaggerated angiogenesis in developing retina and augmented inflammation due to increased permeability. Endothelial-specific deletion of S1P1 receptor in mice fed high-fat diet leads to increased formation of atherosclerotic lesions. This review highlights the importance of the S1P-S1P receptor signaling system in inflammatory processes. We also describe our recent findings regarding a specific S1P chaperone, apolipoprotein M, that anchors to high-density lipoprotein and contributes to shaping the endothelial-protective and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideru Obinata
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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84
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Cartier A, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapy. Science 2020; 366:366/6463/eaar5551. [PMID: 31624181 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolic product of cell membrane sphingolipids, is bound to extracellular chaperones, is enriched in circulatory fluids, and binds to G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to regulate embryonic development, postnatal organ function, and disease. S1PRs regulate essential processes such as adaptive immune cell trafficking, vascular development, and homeostasis. Moreover, S1PR signaling is a driver of multiple diseases. The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth in this field, in part because of multidisciplinary research focused on this lipid mediator and the application of S1PR-targeted drugs in clinical medicine. This has revealed fundamental principles of lysophospholipid mediator signaling that not only clarify the complex and wide ranging actions of S1P but also guide the development of therapeutics and translational directions in immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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85
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Cellerino M, Ivaldi F, Pardini M, Rotta G, Vila G, Bäcker-Koduah P, Berge T, Laroni A, Lapucci C, Novi G, Boffa G, Sbragia E, Palmeri S, Asseyer S, Høgestøl E, Campi C, Piana M, Inglese M, Paul F, Harbo HF, Villoslada P, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Uccelli A. Impact of treatment on cellular immunophenotype in MS: A cross-sectional study. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/3/e693. [PMID: 32139439 PMCID: PMC7136062 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish cytometry profiles associated with disease stages and immunotherapy in MS. Methods Demographic/clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from 227 patients with MS and 82 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) enrolled in a cross-sectional study at 4 European MS centers (Spain, Italy, Germany, and Norway). Flow cytometry of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed in each center using specifically prepared antibody-cocktail Lyotubes; data analysis was centralized at the Genoa center. Differences in immune cell subsets were assessed between groups of untreated patients with relapsing-remitting or progressive MS (RRMS or PMS) and HCs and between groups of patients with RRMS taking 6 commonly used disease-modifying drugs. Results In untreated patients with MS, significantly higher frequencies of Th17 cells in the RRMS population compared with HC and lower frequencies of B-memory/B-regulatory cells as well as higher percentages of B-mature cells in patients with PMS compared with HCs emerged. Overall, the greatest deviation in immunophenotype in MS was observed by treatment rather than disease course, with the strongest impact found in fingolimod-treated patients. Fingolimod induced a decrease in total CD4+ T cells and in B-mature and B-memory cells and increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T-regulatory and B-regulatory cells. Conclusions Our highly standardized, multisite cytomics data provide further understanding of treatment impact on MS immunophenotype and could pave the way toward monitoring immune cells to help clinical management of MS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cellerino
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Ivaldi
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rotta
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gemma Vila
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Priscilla Bäcker-Koduah
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Tone Berge
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Laroni
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Lapucci
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Novi
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Boffa
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvira Sbragia
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Palmeri
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Susanna Asseyer
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Einar Høgestøl
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Campi
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Piana
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Friedemann Paul
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Hanne F Harbo
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- From the Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M.C., F.I., M.P., A.L., C.L., G.N., G.B., E.S., S.P., M.I., N.K.d.R.) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (A.U.), University of Genoa, Italy; BD Biosciences Italy (G.R.), Milan; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (G.V., P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (P.B.-K., S.A., F.P.), Germany; Department of Research, Innovation and Education (T.B.), Neuroscience Research Unit, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering (T.B.), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; University of Oslo (E.H., H.F.H.) and Oslo University Hospital (H.F.H.), Norway; Department of Mathematics and Padova Neuroscience Center (C.C.), University of Padua, Italy; Department of Mathematics (M.P.), University of Genoa, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (A.L., M.P., M.I., A.U.), Genoa, Italy.
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86
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Endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors promote vascular normalization and antitumor therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3157-3166. [PMID: 31988136 PMCID: PMC7022165 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906246117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression is dependent on angiogenesis, which supplies nutrients and enables gas exchange and metastatic dissemination. However, tumor vessels are dysfunctional and immature, which hinders the effectiveness of various therapeutics. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in endothelial cells are essential for developmental angiogenesis and physiological functions such as the maintenance of the vascular barrier and vascular tone. This study shows that endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors determine the tumor vascular phenotype and maturation and that function of S1P receptor-1 is needed for tumor vascular normalization, which allows better blood circulation and enhances antitumor therapeutic efficacy in mouse models. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) is essential for embryonic vascular development and maturation. In the adult, it is a key regulator of vascular barrier function and inflammatory processes. Its roles in tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis are not well understood. In this paper, we show that S1PR1 is expressed and active in tumor vessels. Murine tumor vessels that lack S1PR1 in the vascular endothelium (S1pr1 ECKO) show excessive vascular sprouting and branching, decreased barrier function, and poor perfusion accompanied by loose attachment of pericytes. Compound knockout of S1pr1, 2, and 3 genes further exacerbated these phenotypes, suggesting compensatory function of endothelial S1PR2 and 3 in the absence of S1PR1. On the other hand, tumor vessels with high expression of S1PR1 (S1pr1 ECTG) show less branching, tortuosity, and enhanced pericyte coverage. Larger tumors and enhanced lung metastasis were seen in S1pr1 ECKO, whereas S1pr1 ECTG showed smaller tumors and reduced metastasis. Furthermore, antitumor activity of a chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin) and immune checkpoint inhibitor blocker (anti-PD-1 antibody) were more effective in S1pr1 ECTG than in the wild-type counterparts. These data suggest that tumor endothelial S1PR1 induces vascular normalization and influences tumor growth and metastasis, thus enhancing antitumor therapies in mouse models. Strategies to enhance S1PR1 signaling in tumor vessels may be an important adjunct to standard cancer therapy of solid tumors.
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87
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Dixit D, Okuniewska M, Schwab SR. Secrets and lyase: Control of sphingosine 1-phosphate distribution. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:173-185. [PMID: 30977198 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays key roles in many physiological processes. In the immune system, S1P's best-described function is to draw cells out of tissues into circulation. Here, we will review models of S1P distribution in the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and nonlymphoid tissues. These models have been challenging to construct, because of the lack of tools to map lipid gradients. Nonetheless, evidence to date suggests that S1P distribution is exquisitely tightly controlled, and that concentrations of signaling-available S1P cannot be predicted by standard rules of thumb. The fine regulation of S1P gradients may explain how S1P can simultaneously direct multiple cell movements both between tissues and circulation and within tissues. It may also make it feasible to develop drugs that enable spatially specific modulation of S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Dixit
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Martyna Okuniewska
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
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88
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Schneider G. S1P Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:129-153. [PMID: 32030688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), together with other phosphosphingolipids, has been found to regulate complex cellular function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where it acts as a signaling molecule that participates in cell-cell communication. S1P, through intracellular and extracellular signaling, was found to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis; it also regulates anticancer immune response, modulates inflammation, and promotes angiogenesis. Interestingly, cancer cells are capable of releasing S1P and thus modifying the behavior of the TME components in a way that contributes to tumor growth and progression. Therefore, S1P is considered an important therapeutic target, and several anticancer therapies targeting S1P signaling are being developed and tested in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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89
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Apolipoprotein M: Research Progress and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:85-103. [PMID: 32705596 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) was first identified and characterized to the apolipoprotein family in 1999. Human apoM gene is located in a highly conserved segment in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III locus on chromosome 6 and codes for an about 23 kDa protein that structurally belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. ApoM is selectively expressed in hepatocytes and in the tubular epithelium of kidney. In human plasma, apoM is mainly confined to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, but it may also occur in other lipoprotein classes, such as in the triglyceride-rich particles after fat intake. It has been demonstrated that apoM is critical for the formation of HDL, notably pre-beta HDL1. The antiatherogenic function of HDL is well established, and its ability to promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells in the atherosclerotic lesions is generally regarded as one of the key mechanisms behind this protective function. However, HDL could also display a variety of properties that may affect the complex atherosclerotic processes by other mechanisms, thus being involved in processes related to antioxidant defense, immune system, and systemic effects in septicemia, which may be partly contributed via its apolipoproteins and/or phospholipids. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that apoM functions as a natural carrier of sphingosin-1-phosphate (S1P) in vivo which may be related to its antiatherosclerotic and protective effects on endothelial cell barrier and anti-inflammatory properties. These may also provide a link between the diverse effects of HDL.
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90
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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91
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Preventive preclinical efficacy of intravenously administered sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in strengthening hypoxia adaptive responses to acute and sub-chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 870:172877. [PMID: 31866409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a hypoxia responsive bio-lipid; systemically raised levels of S1P are proposed to have potential hypoxia pre-conditioning effects. The study aims to evaluate the hypoxia pre-conditioning efficacy of exogenously administered S1P in rats exposed to acute (24-48 hs (h)) and sub-chronic (7 days) hypobaric hypoxia. Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) were preconditioned with 1 μg/kg body weight S1P intravenously for three consecutive days. On the third day, control and S1P preconditioned animals were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to 7620 m for 24 h, 48 h and 7 days. Post exposure analysis included body weight quantitation, blood gas/chemistry analysis, vascular permeability assays, evaluation of oxidative stress/inflammation parameters, and estimation of hypoxia responsive molecules. S1P preconditioned rats exposed to acute HH display a significant reduction in body weight loss, as a culmination of improved oxygen carrying capacity, increased 2,3- diphosphoglycerate levels and recuperation from energy deficit. Pathological disturbances such as vascular leakage in the lungs and brain, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory milieu and raised level of endothelin-1 were also reined. The adaptive and protective advantage conferred by S1P in the acute phase of hypobaric hypoxia exposure, is observed to precipitate into an improved sustenance even after sub-chronic (7d) hypobaric hypoxia exposure as indicated by decreased body weight loss, lower edema index and improvement in general pathology biomarkers. Conclusively, administration of 1 μg/kg body weight S1P, in the aforementioned schedule, confer hypoxia pre-conditioning benefits, sustained up to 7 days of hypobaric hypoxia exposure.
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92
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Panta CR, Ruisanchez É, Móré D, Dancs PT, Balogh A, Fülöp Á, Kerék M, Proia RL, Offermanns S, Tigyi GJ, Benyó Z. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Enhances α 1-Adrenergic Vasoconstriction via S1P2-G 12/13-ROCK Mediated Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246361. [PMID: 31861195 PMCID: PMC6941080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been implicated recently in the physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system including regulation of vascular tone. Pilot experiments showed that the vasoconstrictor effect of S1P was enhanced markedly in the presence of phenylephrine (PE). Based on this observation, we hypothesized that S1P might modulate α1-adrenergic vasoactivity. In murine aortas, a 20-minute exposure to S1P but not to its vehicle increased the Emax and decreased the EC50 of PE-induced contractions indicating a hyperreactivity to α1-adrenergic stimulation. The potentiating effect of S1P disappeared in S1P2 but not in S1P3 receptor-deficient vessels. In addition, smooth muscle specific conditional deletion of G12/13 proteins or pharmacological inhibition of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) by Y-27632 or fasudil abolished the effect of S1P on α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction. Unexpectedly, PE-induced contractions remained enhanced markedly as late as three hours after S1P-exposure in wild-type (WT) and S1P3 KO but not in S1P2 KO vessels. In conclusion, the S1P–S1P2–G12/13–ROCK signaling pathway appears to have a major influence on α1-adrenergic vasoactivity. This cooperativity might lead to sustained vasoconstriction when increased sympathetic tone is accompanied by increased S1P production as it occurs during acute coronary syndrome and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília R. Panta
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.P.); (Z.B.)
| | - Éva Ruisanchez
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Dorottya Móré
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Péter T. Dancs
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Ágnes Fülöp
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Margit Kerék
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
| | - Richard L. Proia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany;
| | - Gábor J. Tigyi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary (D.M.); (P.T.D.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.P.); (Z.B.)
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93
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Apolipoprotein M Serum Levels Correlate with IgA Vasculitis and IgA Vasculitis Nephritis. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1825849. [PMID: 31885732 PMCID: PMC6927057 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1825849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective IgA vasculitis (lgAV) is the most frequent vessel vasculitis in children, and the prognosis is related to the children's age and degree of nephritis. This study is aimed at investigating serum apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels in patients with lgAV patients and at evaluating the association between apoM and disease severity. Methods A total of 109 lgAV patients and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The age and gender of the study participants were matched. ApoM levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the serum levels of lipids, apolipoproteins, kidney biochemical profiles, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE), and the complements (C3 and C4) were assessed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Results ApoM was increased significantly in lgAV patients compared to healthy controls. ApoM, meanwhile, was lower in patients with nephritis than in those without nephritis. The apoM levels were higher in classes I and II IgA vasculitis nephritis (lgAVN) patients than in classes III and IV. Besides, the apoM serum level < 24.81 mg/L was an independent predictive factor for lgAVN and can be independently associated with the presence of nephritis in lgAV patients. Meanwhile, the serum apoM concentration negatively correlated with the ISKDC grading score in lgAVN patients. Conclusions Serum apoM was elevated in lgAV patients and decreased gradually with the ISKDC grading score. ApoM (OR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.12-0.85, p = 0.023) was identified as a protective factor for nephritis in all lgAV patients.
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94
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Metabolic Control of Astrocyte Pathogenic Activity via cPLA2-MAVS. Cell 2019; 179:1483-1498.e22. [PMID: 31813625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism has been shown to control peripheral immunity, but little is known about its role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Through a combination of proteomic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and perturbation studies, we found that sphingolipid metabolism in astrocytes triggers the interaction of the C2 domain in cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) with the CARD domain in mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), boosting NF-κB-driven transcriptional programs that promote CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, potentially, multiple sclerosis. cPLA2 recruitment to MAVS also disrupts MAVS-hexokinase 2 (HK2) interactions, decreasing HK enzymatic activity and the production of lactate involved in the metabolic support of neurons. Miglustat, a drug used to treat Gaucher and Niemann-Pick disease, suppresses astrocyte pathogenic activities and ameliorates EAE. Collectively, these findings define a novel immunometabolic mechanism that drives pro-inflammatory astrocyte activities, outlines a new role for MAVS in CNS inflammation, and identifies candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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95
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Mathiesen Janiurek M, Soylu-Kucharz R, Christoffersen C, Kucharz K, Lauritzen M. Apolipoprotein M-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate regulates blood-brain barrier paracellular permeability and transcytosis. eLife 2019; 8:e49405. [PMID: 31763978 PMCID: PMC6877292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the endothelial cells lining cerebral microvessels, but how blood-borne signaling molecules influence permeability is incompletely understood. We here examined how the apolipoprotein M (apoM)-bound sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway affects the BBB in different categories of cerebral microvessels using ApoM deficient mice (Apom-/-). We used two-photon microscopy to monitor BBB permeability of sodium fluorescein (376 Da), Alexa Fluor (643 Da), and fluorescent albumin (45 kDA). We show that BBB permeability to small molecules increases in Apom-/- mice. Vesicle-mediated transfer of albumin in arterioles increased 3 to 10-fold in Apom-/- mice, whereas transcytosis in capillaries and venules remained unchanged. The S1P receptor 1 agonist SEW2871 rapidly normalized paracellular BBB permeability in Apom-/- mice, and inhibited transcytosis in penetrating arterioles, but not in pial arterioles. Thus, apoM-bound S1P maintains low paracellular BBB permeability in all cerebral microvessels and low levels of vesicle-mediated transport in penetrating arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyRigshospitalet-GlostrupCopenhagenDenmark
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Madsen CM, Varbo A, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG. U-shaped relationship of HDL and risk of infectious disease: two prospective population-based cohort studies. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:1181-1190. [PMID: 29228167 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Preclinical evidence has indicated that HDL may play an important role in the immune system; however, very little is known about the role of HDL in the immune system in humans. We tested the hypothesis that low and high concentrations of HDL cholesterol are associated with risk of infectious disease in the general population. Methods and results We included 97 166 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and 9387 from the Copenhagen City Heart Study with measurements of HDL cholesterol at baseline. The primary endpoint was any infectious disease requiring hospital admission, ascertained in the Danish health registries from baseline in 2003-13 or 1991-94 through 2014; 9% and 31% of individuals in the two studies experienced one or more infectious disease events. Using restricted cubic splines, there was a U-shaped association between concentrations of HDL cholesterol and risk of any infection. Following multifactorial adjustment, individuals with HDL cholesterol below 0.8 mmol/L (31 mg/dL) and above 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) had hazard ratios for any infection of 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.31-2.34) and 1.43 (1.16-1.76), compared to those with HDL cholesterol of 2.2-2.3 mmol/L (85-95 mg/dL). In the Copenhagen City Heart Study, corresponding hazard ratios for any infection were 2.00 (1.16-3.43) and 1.13 (0.80-1.60). Conclusion Low and high HDL cholesterol concentrations found in 21% and 8% of individuals were associated with higher risk of infectious disease in the general population. These findings do not necessarily indicate causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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97
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Xie SZ, Garcia-Prat L, Voisin V, Ferrari R, Gan OI, Wagenblast E, Kaufmann KB, Zeng AGX, Takayanagi SI, Patel I, Lee EK, Jargstorf J, Holmes G, Romm G, Pan K, Shoong M, Vedi A, Luberto C, Minden MD, Bader GD, Laurenti E, Dick JE. Sphingolipid Modulation Activates Proteostasis Programs to Govern Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:639-653.e7. [PMID: 31631013 PMCID: PMC6838675 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress responses serve as crucial decision points balancing persistence or culling of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for lifelong blood production. Although strong stressors cull HSCs, the linkage between stress programs and self-renewal properties that underlie human HSC maintenance remains unknown, particularly at quiescence exit when HSCs must also dynamically shift metabolic state. Here, we demonstrate distinct wiring of the sphingolipidome across the human hematopoietic hierarchy and find that genetic or pharmacologic modulation of the sphingolipid enzyme DEGS1 regulates lineage differentiation. Inhibition of DEGS1 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during the transition from quiescence to cellular activation with N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide activates coordinated stress pathways that coalesce on endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy programs to maintain immunophenotypic and functional HSCs. Thus, our work identifies a linkage between sphingolipid metabolism, proteostatic quality control systems, and HSC self-renewal and provides therapeutic targets for improving HSC-based cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Z Xie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada.
| | - Laura Garcia-Prat
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Robin Ferrari
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Olga I Gan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Elvin Wagenblast
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Kerstin B Kaufmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Andy G X Zeng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takayanagi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada; R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Ishita Patel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Esther K Lee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Joseph Jargstorf
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Gareth Holmes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Guy Romm
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Kristele Pan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Michelle Shoong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Aditi Vedi
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.
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98
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Corraliza-Gomez M, Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. Lipid-Binding Proteins in Brain Health and Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1152. [PMID: 31787919 PMCID: PMC6854030 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A proper lipid management is paramount for a healthy brain. Lipid homeostasis alterations are known to be causative or risk factors for many neurodegenerative diseases, or key elements in the recovery from nervous system injuries of different etiology. In addition to lipid biogenesis and catabolism, non-enzymatic lipid-binding proteins play an important role in brain function and maintenance through aging. Among these types of lipoproteins, apolipoprotein E has received much attention due to the relationship of particular alleles of its gene with the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, other lipid-binding proteins whose role in lipid homeostasis and control are less known need to be brought to the attention of both researchers and clinicians. The aim of this review is to cover the knowledge of lipid-managing proteins in the brain, with particular attention to new candidates to be relevant for brain function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Corraliza-Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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99
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Simmons S, Sasaki N, Umemoto E, Uchida Y, Fukuhara S, Kitazawa Y, Okudaira M, Inoue A, Tohya K, Aoi K, Aoki J, Mochizuki N, Matsuno K, Takeda K, Miyasaka M, Ishii M. High-endothelial cell-derived S1P regulates dendritic cell localization and vascular integrity in the lymph node. eLife 2019; 8:41239. [PMID: 31570118 PMCID: PMC6773441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) axis is critically important for lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, S1PR1-activation also occurs in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), including those of the high-endothelial venules (HEVs) that mediate lymphocyte immigration into lymph nodes (LNs). To understand the functional significance of the S1P/S1PR1-Gi axis in HEVs, we generated Lyve1;Spns2Δ/Δ conditional knockout mice for the S1P-transporter Spinster-homologue-2 (SPNS2), as HEVs express LYVE1 during development. In these mice HEVs appeared apoptotic and were severely impaired in function, morphology and size; leading to markedly hypotrophic peripheral LNs. Dendritic cells (DCs) were unable to interact with HEVs, which was also observed in Cdh5CRE-ERT2;S1pr1Δ/Δ mice and wildtype mice treated with S1PR1-antagonists. Wildtype HEVs treated with S1PR1-antagonists in vitro and Lyve1-deficient HEVs show severely reduced release of the DC-chemoattractant CCL21 in vivo. Together, our results reveal that EC-derived S1P warrants HEV-integrity through autocrine control of S1PR1-Gi signaling, and facilitates concomitant HEV-DC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szandor Simmons
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,JST CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sasaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,JST CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kitazawa
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michiyo Okudaira
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tohya
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Aoi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,JST CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsuno
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,JST CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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100
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Kraemer MP, Mao G, Hammill C, Yan B, Li Y, Onono F, Smyth SS, Morris AJ. Effects of diet and hyperlipidemia on levels and distribution of circulating lysophosphatidic acid. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1818-1828. [PMID: 31484695 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m093096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are bioactive radyl hydrocarbon-substituted derivatives of glycerol 3-phosphate. LPA metabolism and signaling are implicated in heritable risk of coronary artery disease. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of these processes attenuate experimental atherosclerosis. LPA accumulates in atheromas, which may be a consequence of association with LDLs. The source, regulation, and biological activity of LDL-associated LPA are unknown. We examined the effects of experimental hyperlipidemia on the levels and distribution of circulating LPA in mice. The majority of plasma LPA was associated with albumin in plasma from wild-type mice fed normal chow. LDL-associated LPA was increased in plasma from high-fat Western diet-fed mice that are genetically prone to hyperlipidemia (LDL receptor knockout or activated proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9-overexpressing C57Bl6). Adipose-specific deficiency of the ENPP2 gene encoding the LPA-generating secreted lysophospholipase D, autotaxin (ATX), attenuated these Western diet-dependent increases in LPA. ATX-dependent increases in LDL-associated LPA were observed in isolated incubated plasma. ATX acted directly on LDL-associated lysophospholipid substrates in vitro. LDL from all human subjects examined contained LPA and was decreased by lipid-lowering drug therapies. Human and mouse plasma therefore contains a diet-sensitive LDL-associated LPA pool that might contribute to the cardiovascular disease-promoting effects of LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Kraemer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Guogen Mao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Courtney Hammill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Baoxiang Yan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Fredrick Onono
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Susan S Smyth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY .,Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY
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