51
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Evans LT, Anglen T, Scott P, Lukasik K, Loncarek J, Holland AJ. ANKRD26 recruits PIDD1 to centriolar distal appendages to activate the PIDDosome following centrosome amplification. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105106. [PMID: 33350495 PMCID: PMC7883295 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole copy number is tightly maintained by the once-per-cycle duplication of these organelles. Centrioles constitute the core of centrosomes, which organize the microtubule cytoskeleton and form the poles of the mitotic spindle. Centrosome amplification is frequently observed in tumors, where it promotes aneuploidy and contributes to invasive phenotypes. In non-transformed cells, centrosome amplification triggers PIDDosome activation as a protective response to inhibit cell proliferation, but how extra centrosomes activate the PIDDosome remains unclear. Using a genome-wide screen, we identify centriole distal appendages as critical for PIDDosome activation in cells with extra centrosomes. The distal appendage protein ANKRD26 is found to interact with and recruit the PIDDosome component PIDD1 to centriole distal appendages, and this interaction is required for PIDDosome activation following centrosome amplification. Furthermore, a recurrent ANKRD26 mutation found in human tumors disrupts PIDD1 localization and PIDDosome activation in cells with extra centrosomes. Our data support a model in which ANKRD26 initiates a centriole-derived signal to limit cell proliferation in response to centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Evans
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Taylor Anglen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kimberly Lukasik
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMDUSA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and SignalingNIH/NCI/CCRFrederickMDUSA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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52
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Burigotto M, Mattivi A, Migliorati D, Magnani G, Valentini C, Roccuzzo M, Offterdinger M, Pizzato M, Schmidt A, Villunger A, Maffini S, Fava LL. Centriolar distal appendages activate the centrosome-PIDDosome-p53 signalling axis via ANKRD26. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104844. [PMID: 33350486 PMCID: PMC7883297 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification results into genetic instability and predisposes cells to neoplastic transformation. Supernumerary centrosomes trigger p53 stabilization dependent on the PIDDosome (a multiprotein complex composed by PIDD1, RAIDD and Caspase-2), whose activation results in cleavage of p53's key inhibitor, MDM2. Here, we demonstrate that PIDD1 is recruited to mature centrosomes by the centriolar distal appendage protein ANKRD26. PIDDosome-dependent Caspase-2 activation requires not only PIDD1 centrosomal localization, but also its autoproteolysis. Following cytokinesis failure, supernumerary centrosomes form clusters, which appear to be necessary for PIDDosome activation. In addition, in the context of DNA damage, activation of the complex results from a p53-dependent elevation of PIDD1 levels independently of centrosome amplification. We propose that PIDDosome activation can in both cases be promoted by an ANKRD26-dependent local increase in PIDD1 concentration close to the centrosome. Collectively, these findings provide a paradigm for how centrosomes can contribute to cell fate determination by igniting a signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Burigotto
- Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Cell DivisionDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Alessia Mattivi
- Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Cell DivisionDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Daniele Migliorati
- Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Cell DivisionDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Giovanni Magnani
- Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Cell DivisionDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Chiara Valentini
- Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Cell DivisionDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Michela Roccuzzo
- Advanced Imaging Core FacilityDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Martin Offterdinger
- Division of NeurobiochemistryBioopticsBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- Laboratory of Virus‐Cell InteractionDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core FacilityBiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Luca L Fava
- Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Cell DivisionDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIOUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
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53
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Vitale I, Manic G, Galluzzi L. Oncosuppressive functions of PIDD1 in response to centrosome amplification. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:175. [PMID: 33574219 PMCID: PMC7878771 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy. .,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy. .,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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54
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Centrosome dysfunction in human diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 110:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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55
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Balestra FR, Domínguez-Calvo A, Wolf B, Busso C, Buff A, Averink T, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Huertas P, Ríos RM, Gönczy P. TRIM37 prevents formation of centriolar protein assemblies by regulating Centrobin. eLife 2021; 10:62640. [PMID: 33491649 PMCID: PMC7870141 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM37 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mutated in Mulibrey nanism, a disease with impaired organ growth and increased tumor formation. TRIM37 depletion from tissue culture cells results in supernumerary foci bearing the centriolar protein Centrin. Here, we characterize these centriolar protein assemblies (Cenpas) to uncover the mechanism of action of TRIM37. We find that an atypical de novo assembly pathway can generate Cenpas that act as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), including in Mulibrey patient cells. Correlative light electron microscopy reveals that Cenpas are centriole-related or electron-dense structures with stripes. TRIM37 regulates the stability and solubility of Centrobin, which accumulates in elongated entities resembling the striped electron dense structures upon TRIM37 depletion. Furthermore, Cenpas formation upon TRIM37 depletion requires PLK4, as well as two parallel pathways relying respectively on Centrobin and PLK1. Overall, our work uncovers how TRIM37 prevents Cenpas formation, which would otherwise threaten genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando R Balestra
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Domínguez-Calvo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Benita Wolf
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée Buff
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tessa Averink
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Huertas
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ríos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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56
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Funk LC, Wan J, Ryan SD, Kaur C, Sullivan R, Roopra A, Weaver BA. p53 Is Not Required for High CIN to Induce Tumor Suppression. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:112-123. [PMID: 32948674 PMCID: PMC7810023 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer. While low levels of CIN can be tumor promoting, high levels of CIN cause cell death and tumor suppression. The widely used chemotherapeutic, paclitaxel (Taxol), exerts its anticancer effects by increasing CIN above a maximally tolerated threshold. One significant outstanding question is whether the p53 tumor suppressor is required for the cell death and tumor suppression caused by high CIN. Both p53 loss and reduction of the mitotic kinesin, centromere-associated protein-E, cause low CIN. Combining both genetic insults in the same cell leads to high CIN. Here, we test whether high CIN causes cell death and tumor suppression even in the absence p53. Despite a surprising sex-specific difference in tumor spectrum and latency in p53 heterozygous animals, these studies demonstrate that p53 is not required for high CIN to induce tumor suppression. Pharmacologic induction of high CIN results in equivalent levels of cell death due to loss of essential chromosomes in p53+/+ and p53-/- cells, further demonstrating that high CIN elicits cell death independently of p53 function. IMPLICATIONS: These results provide support for the efficacy of anticancer therapies that induce high CIN, even in tumors that lack functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Funk
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean D Ryan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ruth Sullivan
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Beth A Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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57
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Sladky VC, Knapp K, Szabo TG, Braun VZ, Bongiovanni L, van den Bos H, Spierings DCJ, Westendorp B, Curinha A, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Timelthaler G, Tsuchia K, Pinter M, Semmler G, Foijer F, de Bruin A, Reiberger T, Rohr‐Udilova N, Villunger A. PIDDosome-induced p53-dependent ploidy restriction facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50893. [PMID: 33225610 PMCID: PMC7726793 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization frequently precedes tumorigenesis but also occurs during normal development in several tissues. Hepatocyte ploidy is controlled by the PIDDosome during development and regeneration. This multi-protein complex is activated by supernumerary centrosomes to induce p53 and restrict proliferation of polyploid cells, otherwise prone for chromosomal instability. PIDDosome deficiency in the liver results in drastically increased polyploidy. To investigate PIDDosome-induced p53-activation in the pathogenesis of liver cancer, we chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice. Strikingly, PIDDosome deficiency reduced tumor number and burden, despite the inability to activate p53 in polyploid cells. Liver tumors arise primarily from cells with low ploidy, indicating an intrinsic pro-tumorigenic effect of PIDDosome-mediated ploidy restriction. These data suggest that hyperpolyploidization caused by PIDDosome deficiency protects from HCC. Moreover, high tumor cell density, as a surrogate marker of low ploidy, predicts poor survival of HCC patients receiving liver transplantation. Together, we show that the PIDDosome is a potential therapeutic target to manipulate hepatocyte polyploidization for HCC prevention and that tumor cell density may serve as a novel prognostic marker for recurrence-free survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina C Sladky
- Institute of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Katja Knapp
- Institute of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Tamas G Szabo
- Institute of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Vincent Z Braun
- Institute of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of AgeingUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Diana CJ Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of AgeingUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ana Curinha
- Institute of PathophysiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital GrazGrazAustria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute for Cancer ResearchInternal Medicine IMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Kaoru Tsuchia
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMusashino Red Cross HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Georg Semmler
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of AgeingUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI‐RUD)ViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Nataliya Rohr‐Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute of Developmental ImmunologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI‐RUD)ViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
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58
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Goundiam O, Basto R. Centrosomes in disease: how the same music can sound so different? Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 66:74-82. [PMID: 33186811 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing center of animal cells. Centrosomes contribute to timely bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis and participate in the regulation of other processes such as polarity establishment and cell migration. Centrosome numbers are tightly controlled during the cell cycle to ensure that mitosis is initiated with only two centrosomes. Deviations in centrosome number or structure are known to impact cell or tissue homeostasis and can impact different processes as diverse as proliferation, death or disease. Interestingly, defects in centrosome number seem to culminate with common responses, which depend on p53 activation even in different contexts such as development or cancer. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene with essential roles in the maintenance of genetic stability normally stimulated by various cellular stresses. Here, we review current knowledge and discuss how defects in centrosome structure and number can lead to different human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumou Goundiam
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, 26 rue d' Ulm, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Lab, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR144, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
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59
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Kazazian K, Haffani Y, Ng D, Lee CMM, Johnston W, Kim M, Xu R, Pacholzyk K, Zih FSW, Tan J, Smrke A, Pollett A, Wu HST, Swallow CJ. FAM46C/TENT5C functions as a tumor suppressor through inhibition of Plk4 activity. Commun Biol 2020; 3:448. [PMID: 32807875 PMCID: PMC7431843 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a tightly regulated serine threonine kinase that governs centriole duplication. Increased Plk4 expression, which is a feature of many common human cancers, causes centriole overduplication, mitotic irregularities, and chromosomal instability. Plk4 can also promote cancer invasion and metastasis through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Herein we demonstrate physical interaction of Plk4 with FAM46C/TENT5C, a conserved protein of unknown function until recently. FAM46C localizes to centrioles, inhibits Plk4 kinase activity, and suppresses Plk4-induced centriole duplication. Interference with Plk4 function by FAM46C was independent of the latter's nucleotidyl transferase activity. In addition, FAM46C restrained cancer cell invasion and suppressed MDA MB-435 cancer growth in a xenograft model, opposing the effect of Plk4. We demonstrate loss of FAM46C in patient-derived colorectal cancer tumor tissue that becomes more profound with advanced clinical stage. These results implicate FAM46C as a tumor suppressor that acts by inhibiting Plk4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karineh Kazazian
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yosr Haffani
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Alimentation and Biomolecules LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, 2020, Tunisia
| | - Deanna Ng
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chae Min Michelle Lee
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Wendy Johnston
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Minji Kim
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Roland Xu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Karina Pacholzyk
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Francis Si-Wah Zih
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Julie Tan
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Alannah Smrke
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Aaron Pollett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hannah Sun-Tsi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carol Jane Swallow
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
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60
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Park EM, Scott PM, Clutario K, Cassidy KB, Zhan K, Gerber SA, Holland AJ. WBP11 is required for splicing the TUBGCP6 pre-mRNA to promote centriole duplication. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133543. [PMID: 31874114 PMCID: PMC7039186 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole duplication occurs once in each cell cycle to maintain centrosome number. A previous genome-wide screen revealed that depletion of 14 RNA splicing factors leads to a specific defect in centriole duplication, but the cause of this deficit remains unknown. Here, we identified an additional pre-mRNA splicing factor, WBP11, as a novel protein required for centriole duplication. Loss of WBP11 results in the retention of ∼200 introns, including multiple introns in TUBGCP6, a central component of the γ-TuRC. WBP11 depletion causes centriole duplication defects, in part by causing a rapid decline in the level of TUBGCP6. Several additional splicing factors that are required for centriole duplication interact with WBP11 and are required for TUBGCP6 expression. These findings provide insight into how the loss of a subset of splicing factors leads to a failure of centriole duplication. This may have clinical implications because mutations in some spliceosome proteins cause microcephaly and/or growth retardation, phenotypes that are strongly linked to centriole defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Phillip M Scott
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kevin Clutario
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katelyn B Cassidy
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Kevin Zhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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61
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Centrosome dysfunction: a link between senescence and tumor immunity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:107. [PMID: 32606370 PMCID: PMC7327052 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome aberrations are hallmarks of human cancers and contribute to the senescence process. Structural and numerical centrosome abnormalities trigger mitotic errors, cellular senescence, cell death, genomic instability and/or aneuploidy, resulting in human disorders such as aging and cancer and affecting immunity. Interestingly, centrosome dysfunction promotes the secretion of multiple inflammatory factors that act as pivotal drivers of senescence and tumor immune escape. In this review, we summarize the forms of centrosome dysfunction and further discuss recent advances indicating that centrosome defects contribute to acceleration of senescence progression and promotion of tumor cell immune evasion in different ways.
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62
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Centrosome reduction in newly-generated tetraploid cancer cells obtained by separase depletion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9152. [PMID: 32499568 PMCID: PMC7272426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy, a common feature in cancer, results in the presence of extra centrosomes, which has been associated with chromosome instability (CIN) and aneuploidy. Deregulation in the number of centrosomes triggers tumorigenesis. However, how supernumerary centrosomes evolve during the emergence of tetraploid cells remains yet to be elucidated. Here, generating tetraploid isogenic clones in colorectal cancer and in non-transformed cells, we show that near-tetraploid clones exhibit a significant increase in the number of centrosomes. Moreover, we find that centrosome area in near-tetraploids is twice as large as in near-diploids. To evaluate whether centrosome clustering was occurring, we next analysed the number of centrioles revealing centriole amplification. Notwithstanding, more than half of the near-tetraploids maintained in culture do not present centrosome aberrations. To test whether cells progressively lost centrioles after becoming near-tetraploid, we transiently transfected diploid cells with siRNA against ESPL1/Separase, a protease responsible for triggering anaphase, to generate newly near-tetraploid cells. Finally, using this model, we assessed the number of centrioles at different time-points after tetraploidization finding that near-tetraploids rapidly lose centrosomes over time. Taken together, these data demonstrate that although most cells reduce supernumerary centrosomes after tetraploidization, a small fraction retains extra centrioles, potentially resulting in CIN.
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63
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Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that involves the gradual accumulation of mutations. Human tumours are genetically unstable. However, the current knowledge about the origins and implications of genomic instability in this disease is limited. Understanding the biology of cancer requires the use of animal models. Here, we review relevant studies addressing the implications of genomic instability in cancer by using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model system. We discuss how this invertebrate has helped us to expand the current knowledge about the mechanisms involved in genomic instability and how this hallmark of cancer influences disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan U Gerlach
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Héctor Herranz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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64
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Structural and Functional Analyses of the FAM46C/Plk4 Complex. Structure 2020; 28:910-921.e4. [PMID: 32433990 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
FAM46C, a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase, is frequently mutated in multiple myeloma. Loss of function of FAM46C promotes cell survival of multiple myeloma, suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. FAM46C is also essential for fastening sperm head and flagellum, indispensable for male fertility. The molecular mechanisms of these functions of FAM46C remain elusive. We report the crystal structure of FAM46C to provide the basis for its poly(A) polymerase activity and rationalize mutations associated with multiple myeloma. In addition, we found that FAM46C interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Plk4, the master regulator of centrosome duplication. We present the structure of FAM46C in complex with the Cryptic Polo-Box 1-2 domains of Plk4. Our structure-based mutational analyses show that the interaction with Plk4 recruits FAM46C to centrosomes. Our data suggest that Plk4-mediated localization of FAM46C enables its regulation of centrosome structure and functions, which may underlie the roles for FAM46C in cell proliferation and sperm development.
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65
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Baudoin NC, Nicholson JM, Soto K, Martin O, Chen J, Cimini D. Asymmetric clustering of centrosomes defines the early evolution of tetraploid cells. eLife 2020; 9:54565. [PMID: 32347795 PMCID: PMC7250578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy has long been of interest to both cell and cancer biologists, partly because of its documented role in tumorigenesis. A common model proposes that the extra centrosomes that are typically acquired during tetraploidization are responsible for driving tumorigenesis. However, tetraploid cells evolved in culture have been shown to lack extra centrosomes. This observation raises questions about how tetraploid cells evolve and more specifically about the mechanisms(s) underlying centrosome loss. Here, using a combination of fixed cell analysis, live cell imaging, and mathematical modeling, we show that populations of newly formed tetraploid cells rapidly evolve in vitro to retain a near-tetraploid chromosome number while losing the extra centrosomes gained at the time of tetraploidization. This appears to happen through a process of natural selection in which tetraploid cells that inherit a single centrosome during a bipolar division with asymmetric centrosome clustering are favored for long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas C Baudoin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Joshua M Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Kimberly Soto
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Olga Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
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66
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Zhao Q, Coughlan KA, Zou MH, Song P. Loss of AMPKalpha1 Triggers Centrosome Amplification via PLK4 Upregulation in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082772. [PMID: 32316320 PMCID: PMC7216113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved sensor and modulator of cellular energy and redox, regulates cell mitosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for AMPKα subunit regulation of chromosome segregation remain poorly understood. This study aimed to ascertain if AMPKα1 deletion contributes to chromosome missegregation by elevating Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) expression. Centrosome proteins and aneuploidy were monitored in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from wild type (WT, C57BL/6J) or AMPKα1 homozygous deficient (AMPKα1−/−) mice by Western blotting and metaphase chromosome spread. Deletion of AMPKα1, the predominant AMPKα isoform in immortalized MEFs, led to centrosome amplification and chromosome missegregation, as well as the consequent aneuploidy (34–66%) and micronucleus. Furthermore, AMPKα1 null cells exhibited a significant induction of PLK4. Knockdown of nuclear factor kappa B2/p52 ameliorated the PLK4 elevation in AMPKα1-deleted MEFs. Finally, PLK4 inhibition by Centrinone reversed centrosome amplification of AMPKα1-deleted MEFs. Taken together, our results suggest that AMPKα1 plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of chromosomal integrity through the control of p52-mediated transcription of PLK4, a trigger of centriole biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.-H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-413-6636
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67
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Vitre B, Taulet N, Guesdon A, Douanier A, Dosdane A, Cisneros M, Maurin J, Hettinger S, Anguille C, Taschner M, Lorentzen E, Delaval B. IFT proteins interact with HSET to promote supernumerary centrosome clustering in mitosis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49234. [PMID: 32270908 PMCID: PMC7271317 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancer, and centrosome clustering is essential for cancer cell survival. The mitotic kinesin HSET is an essential contributor to this process. Recent studies have highlighted novel functions for intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins in regulating motors and mitotic processes. Here, using siRNA knock‐down of various IFT proteins or AID‐inducible degradation of endogenous IFT88 in combination with small‐molecule inhibition of HSET, we show that IFT proteins together with HSET are required for efficient centrosome clustering. We identify a direct interaction between the kinesin HSET and IFT proteins, and we define how IFT proteins contribute to clustering dynamics during mitosis using high‐resolution live imaging of centrosomes. Finally, we demonstrate the requirement of IFT88 for efficient centrosome clustering in a variety of cancer cell lines naturally harboring supernumerary centrosomes and its importance for cancer cell proliferation. Overall, our data unravel a novel role for the IFT machinery in centrosome clustering during mitosis in cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vitre
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Taulet
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Guesdon
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Douanier
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurelie Dosdane
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Melanie Cisneros
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Maurin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabrina Hettinger
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Anguille
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Taschner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benedicte Delaval
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centrosome, Cilia and Pathologies Lab, Montpellier, France
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68
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Marthiens V, Basto R. Centrosomes: The good and the bad for brain development. Biol Cell 2020; 112:153-172. [PMID: 32170757 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes nucleate and organise the microtubule cytoskeleton in animal cells. These membraneless organelles are key structures for tissue organisation, polarity and growth. Centrosome dysfunction, defined as deviation in centrosome numbers and/or structural integrity, has major impact on brain size and functionality, as compared with other tissues of the organism. In this review, we discuss the contribution of centrosomes to brain growth during development. We discuss in particular the impact of centrosome dysfunction in Drosophila and mammalian neural stem cell division and fitness, which ultimately underlie brain growth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Marthiens
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, 75005, France
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69
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Zhou X, Zhi Y, Yu J, Xu D. The Yin and Yang of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Genes: Insights from Neurogenesis and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051691. [PMID: 32121580 PMCID: PMC7084222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cells of neurogenesis and carcinogenesis share many properties, including proliferative rate, an extensive replicative potential, the potential to generate different cell types of a given tissue, and an ability to independently migrate to a damaged area. This is also evidenced by the common molecular principles regulating key processes associated with cell division and apoptosis. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurogenic mitotic disorder that is characterized by decreased brain size and mental retardation. Until now, a total of 25 genes have been identified that are known to be associated with MCPH. The inactivation (yin) of most MCPH genes leads to neurogenesis defects, while the upregulation (yang) of some MCPH genes is associated with different kinds of carcinogenesis. Here, we try to summarize the roles of MCPH genes in these two diseases and explore the underlying mechanisms, which will help us to explore new, attractive approaches to targeting tumor cells that are resistant to the current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yiqiang Zhi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jurui Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-17085937559
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70
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Targeting centrosome amplification, an Achilles' heel of cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1209-1222. [PMID: 31506331 PMCID: PMC6824836 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to cell-cycle dysregulation, many cancer cells contain more than the normal compliment of centrosomes, a state referred to as centrosome amplification (CA). CA can drive oncogenic phenotypes and indeed can cause cancer in flies and mammals. However, cells have to actively manage CA, often by centrosome clustering, in order to divide. Thus, CA is also an Achilles' Heel of cancer cells. In recent years, there have been many important studies identifying proteins required for the management of CA and it has been demonstrated that disruption of some of these proteins can cause cancer-specific inhibition of cell growth. For certain targets therapeutically relevant interventions are being investigated, for example, small molecule inhibitors, although none are yet in clinical trials. As the field is now poised to move towards clinically relevant interventions, it is opportune to summarise the key work in targeting CA thus far, with particular emphasis on recent developments where small molecule or other strategies have been proposed. We also highlight the relatively unexplored paradigm of reversing CA, and thus its oncogenic effects, for therapeutic gain.
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71
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Weiss A, Le Roux-Bourdieu M, Zoetemelk M, Ramzy GM, Rausch M, Harry D, Miljkovic-Licina M, Falamaki K, Wehrle-Haller B, Meraldi P, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Identification of a Synergistic Multi-Drug Combination Active in Cancer Cells via the Prevention of Spindle Pole Clustering. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1612. [PMID: 31652588 PMCID: PMC6826636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major limitation of clinically used cancer drugs is the lack of specificity resulting in toxicity. To address this, we performed a phenotypically-driven screen to identify optimal multidrug combinations acting with high efficacy and selectivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The search was performed using the Therapeutically Guided Multidrug Optimization (TGMO) method in ccRCC cells (786-O) and nonmalignant renal cells and identified a synergistic low-dose four-drug combination (C2) with high efficacy and negligible toxicity. We discovered that C2 inhibits multipolar spindle pole clustering, a survival mechanism employed by cancer cells with spindle abnormalities. This phenotype was also observed in 786-O cells resistant to sunitinib, the first line ccRCC treatment, as well as in melanoma cells with distinct percentages of supernumerary centrosomes. We conclude that C2-treatment shows a high efficacy in cells prone to form multipolar spindles. Our data suggest a highly effective and selective C2 treatment strategy for malignant and drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Morgan Le Roux-Bourdieu
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Marloes Zoetemelk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - George M Ramzy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Magdalena Rausch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Harry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Marijana Miljkovic-Licina
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Katayoun Falamaki
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Bernard Wehrle-Haller
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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72
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Meng L, Zhou Y, Ju S, Han J, Song C, Kong J, Wu Y, Lu S, Xu J, Yuan W, Zhang E, Wang C, Hu Z, Gu Y, Luo R, Wang X. A cis-eQTL genetic variant in PLK4 confers high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6476-6484. [PMID: 31489978 PMCID: PMC6797585 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The overexpression and knockdown of PLK4 were both reported to generate aneuploidy. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether genetic variants in PLK4 contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We evaluated associations of common variants in PLK4 and its promoter for the risk of HCC in our association study (1300 cases and 1344 controls). The genotype‐tissue expression (GTEx) and The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases were used to quantify the expression of PLK4. Cell proliferation and migration affected by PLK4 in HCC were assessed in vitro. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) model was used to assess the sensibility of PLK4‐activated HCC to CFI‐400945, a small molecule inhibitor of PLK4. Results Herein, we found a significant association between rs3811741, located in the PLK4 intron, and liver cancer risk (OR = 1.26, P = 9.81 × 10−5). Although PLK4 expressed at lower levels in somatic tissues compared to the testis, the risk allele A of rs3811741 was associated with increased PLK4 expression in liver cancer tissues. Additionally, PLK4 high expression was remarkably associated with shortened survival of HCC (HR = 1.97, P = .001). Furthermore, overexpression of PLK4 promoted, while knockdown of PLK4 suppressed cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. DST model demonstrated that CFI‐400945 can effectively suppress rampant proliferation of HCC with highly expressed PLK4. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated that PLK4 is a susceptibility gene and plays an oncogenic role in HCC. Furthermore, we identified that PLK4 sensitives HCC to CFI‐400945, which may be an ideal therapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Meng
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihan Ju
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Erbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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73
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Zhao Y, Wang X. PLK4: a promising target for cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2413-2422. [PMID: 31492983 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates centriole duplication. PLK4 deregulation causes centrosome number abnormalities, mitotic defects, chromosomal instability and, consequently, tumorigenesis. Therefore, PLK4 has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple cancers. In this review, we summarize the critical role of centrosome amplification and PLK4 in cancer. We also highlight recent advances in the development of PLK4 inhibitors and discuss potential combination therapies for cancer. METHODS The relevant literature from PubMed is reviewed in this article. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to the specific topic. RESULTS PLK4 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers and has prognostic value. Targeting PLK4 with inhibitors suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PLK4 plays an important role in centrosome amplification and tumor progression. PLK4 inhibitors used alone or in combination with other drugs have shown significant anticancer efficacy, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. The results of relevant clinical trials await evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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74
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Wang M, Nagle RB, Knudsen BS, Cress AE, Rogers GC. Centrosome loss results in an unstable genome and malignant prostate tumors. Oncogene 2019; 39:399-413. [PMID: 31477840 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Localized, nonindolent prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by large-scale genomic rearrangements, aneuploidy, chromothripsis, and other forms of chromosomal instability (CIN), yet how this occurs remains unclear. A well-established mechanism of CIN is the overproduction of centrosomes, which promotes tumorigenesis in various mouse models. Therefore, we developed a single-cell assay for quantifying centrosomes in human prostate tissue. Surprisingly, centrosome loss-which has not been described in human cancer-was associated with PCa progression. By chemically or genetically inducing centrosome loss in nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells, mitotic errors ensued, producing aneuploid, and multinucleated cells. Strikingly, transient or chronic centrosome loss transformed prostate epithelial cells, which produced highly proliferative and poorly differentiated malignant tumors in mice. Our findings suggest that centrosome loss could create a cellular crisis with oncogenic potential in prostate epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Anne E Cress
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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75
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Vanhaesebroeck B, Bilanges B, Madsen RR, Dale KL, Lau E, Vladimirou E. Perspective: Potential Impact and Therapeutic Implications of Oncogenic PI3K Activation on Chromosomal Instability. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E331. [PMID: 31374965 PMCID: PMC6723836 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic activation of the class I PI3K pathway is very common in cancer. This mostly results from oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed PI3Kα catalytic subunit, or from inactivation of the PTEN tumour suppressor, a lipid phosphatase that opposes class I PI3K signalling. The clinical impact of PI3K inhibitors in solid tumours, aimed at dampening cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity, has thus far been limited. Challenges include poor drug tolerance, incomplete pathway inhibition and pre-existing or inhibitor-induced resistance. The principle of pharmacologically targeting cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity also assumes that all cancer-promoting effects of PI3K activation are reversible, which might not be the case. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic PI3K pathway activation can induce and/or allow cells to tolerate chromosomal instability, which-even if occurring in a low fraction of the cell population-might help to facilitate and/or drive tumour evolution. While it is clear that such genomic events cannot be reverted pharmacologically, a role for PI3K in the regulation of chromosomal instability could be exploited by using PI3K pathway inhibitors to prevent those genomic events from happening and/or reduce the pace at which they are occurring, thereby dampening cancer development or progression. Such an impact might be most effective in tumours with clonal PI3K activation and achievable at lower drug doses than the maximum-tolerated doses of PI3K inhibitors currently used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ralitsa R Madsen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Katie L Dale
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Evelyn Lau
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elina Vladimirou
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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76
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Cep131 overexpression promotes centrosome amplification and colon cancer progression by regulating Plk4 stability. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:570. [PMID: 31358734 PMCID: PMC6662699 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of centrosome duplication is regulated by the Plk4/STIL/hsSAS-6 axis; however, the involvement of other centrosomal proteins in this process remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Cep131 physically interacts with Plk4 following phosphorylation of residues S21 and T205. Localizing at the centriole, phosphorylated Cep131 has an increased capability to interact with STIL, leading to further activation and stabilization of Plk4 for initiating centrosome duplication. Moreover, we found that Cep131 overexpression resulted in centrosome amplification by excessive recruitment of STIL to the centriole and subsequent stabilization of Plk4, contributing to centrosome amplification. The xenograft mouse model also showed that both centrosome amplification and colon cancer growth were significantly increased by Cep131 overexpression. These findings demonstrate that Cep131 is a novel substrate of Plk4, and that phosphorylation or dysregulated Cep131 overexpression promotes Plk4 stabilization and therefore centrosome amplification, establishing a perspective in understanding a relationship between centrosome amplification and cancer development.
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77
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Moyer TC, Holland AJ. PLK4 promotes centriole duplication by phosphorylating STIL to link the procentriole cartwheel to the microtubule wall. eLife 2019; 8:46054. [PMID: 31115335 PMCID: PMC6570480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles play critical roles in organizing the assembly of the mitotic spindle and templating the formation of primary cilia. Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle and is regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4). Although significant progress has been made in understanding centriole composition, we have limited knowledge of how PLK4 activity controls specific steps in centriole formation. Here, we show that PLK4 phosphorylates its centriole substrate STIL on a conserved site, S428, to promote STIL binding to CPAP. This phospho-dependent binding interaction is conserved in Drosophila and facilitates the stable incorporation of both STIL and CPAP into the centriole. We propose that procentriole assembly requires PLK4 to phosphorylate STIL in two different regions: phosphorylation of residues in the STAN motif allow STIL to bind SAS6 and initiate cartwheel assembly, while phosphorylation of S428 promotes the binding of STIL to CPAP, linking the cartwheel to microtubules of the centriole wall. A cell’s DNA is the chemical instruction manual for everything it does. Each cell in our bodies contains over two meters of DNA, which is divided into 46 packages of information called chromosomes. When the body needs to make more cells, for example during growth or repair, existing cells divide in two in order to replicate themselves. This means that they also need to copy all of their DNA and then deliver identical sets of chromosomes to each new cell. Animal cells use structures called centrioles to help them divide their sets of chromosomes accurately. When cells are about to divide, they make a new set of centrioles by assembling a variety of proteins. This assembly process must be carefully controlled; if too many or too few centrioles are built, cell division errors can occur that lead to the generation of new cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. The enzyme PLK4 helps to assemble centrioles, but its exact role in the construction process has remained largely unknown. For example, how it might modify different components of the centriole, and why this matters, is poorly understood. By performing cell biological and biochemical experiments using human cells, Moyer and Holland show that PLK4 interacts with a protein called STIL that is found in the central part of the centriole. The modification of STIL at a specific location by PLK4 was needed to link it to another protein in the outer wall of the centriole, and was also necessary for the cells to build new centrioles. Cells in which PLK4 was unable to modify STIL had too few centrioles when they were beginning to divide. Testing the activity of PLK4 in fruit flies revealed that it plays a similar role as in human cells. This suggests that the modification of STIL by PLK4 is important for normal cell division across different species. The results presented by Moyer and Holland help us to understand how dividing cells build the complex machinery that enables them to pass on their genetic material accurately. Future work that builds on these findings could provide insight into human diseases, such as brain development disorders and cancer, where centrioles are either defective or present in the wrong number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Chistopher Moyer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew Jon Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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78
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LoMastro GM, Holland AJ. The Emerging Link between Centrosome Aberrations and Metastasis. Dev Cell 2019; 49:325-331. [PMID: 31063752 PMCID: PMC6506172 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome aberrations are commonly observed in human tumors and correlate with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Extra centrosomes drive mitotic errors that have been implicated in promoting tumorigenesis in mice. However, centrosome aberrations can also disrupt tissue architecture and confer invasive properties that may facilitate the dissemination of metastatic cells. Recent work has shown that centrosome defects facilitate invasion through cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, suggesting cancer cells can benefit from centrosome aberrations present in a subset of the tumor cell population. Here, we discuss how centrosome defects promote invasive behaviors that may contribute to initial steps in the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M LoMastro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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79
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Mitchell CB, Phillips WA. Mouse Models for Exploring the Biological Consequences and Clinical Significance of PIK3CA Mutations. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040158. [PMID: 31018529 PMCID: PMC6523081 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in a myriad of cellular signalling pathways that regulate cell growth, metabolism, proliferation and survival. As a result, alterations in the PI3K pathway are frequently associated with human cancers. Indeed, PIK3CA-the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K-is one of the most commonly mutated human oncogenes. PIK3CA mutations have also been implicated in non-malignant conditions including congenital overgrowth syndromes and vascular malformations. In order to study the role of PIK3CA mutations in driving tumorigenesis and tissue overgrowth and to test potential therapeutic interventions for these conditions, model systems are essential. In this review we discuss the various mouse models currently available for preclinical studies into the biological consequences and clinical significance of PIK3CA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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80
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Ganier O, Schnerch D, Nigg EA. Structural centrosome aberrations sensitize polarized epithelia to basal cell extrusion. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180044. [PMID: 29899122 PMCID: PMC6030118 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome aberrations disrupt tissue architecture and may confer invasive properties to cancer cells. Here we show that structural centrosome aberrations, induced by overexpression of either Ninein-like protein (NLP) or CEP131/AZI1, sensitize polarized mammalian epithelia to basal cell extrusion. While unperturbed epithelia typically dispose of damaged cells through apical dissemination into luminal cavities, certain oncogenic mutations cause a switch in directionality towards basal cell extrusion, raising the potential for metastatic cell dissemination. Here we report that NLP-induced centrosome aberrations trigger the preferential extrusion of damaged cells towards the basal surface of epithelial monolayers. This switch in directionality from apical to basal dissemination coincides with a profound reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton, which in turn prevents the contractile ring repositioning that is required to support extrusion towards the apical surface. While the basal extrusion of cells harbouring NLP-induced centrosome aberrations requires exogenously induced cell damage, structural centrosome aberrations induced by excess CEP131 trigger the spontaneous dissemination of dying cells towards the basal surface from MDCK cysts. Thus, similar to oncogenic mutations, structural centrosome aberrations can favour basal extrusion of damaged cells from polarized epithelia. Assuming that additional mutations may promote cell survival, this process could sensitize epithelia to disseminate potentially metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Ganier
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Schnerch
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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81
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de Almeida BP, Vieira AF, Paredes J, Bettencourt-Dias M, Barbosa-Morais NL. Pan-cancer association of a centrosome amplification gene expression signature with genomic alterations and clinical outcome. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006832. [PMID: 30856170 PMCID: PMC6411098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA) is a common feature of human tumours and a promising target for cancer therapy. However, CA's pan-cancer prevalence, molecular role in tumourigenesis and therapeutic value in the clinical setting are still largely unexplored. Here, we used a transcriptomic signature (CA20) to characterise the landscape of CA-associated gene expression in 9,721 tumours from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CA20 is upregulated in cancer and associated with distinct clinical and molecular features of breast cancer, consistently with our experimental CA quantification in patient samples. Moreover, we show that CA20 upregulation is positively associated with genomic instability, alteration of specific chromosomal arms and C>T mutations, and we propose novel molecular players associated with CA in cancer. Finally, high CA20 is associated with poor prognosis and, by integrating drug sensitivity with drug perturbation profiles in cell lines, we identify candidate compounds for selectively targeting cancer cells exhibiting transcriptomic evidence for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo P. de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André F. Vieira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno L. Barbosa-Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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82
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PLK4 is a determinant of temozolomide sensitivity through phosphorylation of IKBKE in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 443:91-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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83
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Wang M, Knudsen BS, Nagle RB, Rogers GC, Cress AE. A method of quantifying centrosomes at the single-cell level in human normal and cancer tissue. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:811-819. [PMID: 30699045 PMCID: PMC6589791 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome abnormalities are emerging hallmarks of cancer. The overproduction of centrosomes (known as centrosome amplification) has been reported in a variety of cancers and is currently being explored as a promising target for therapy. However, to understand different types of centrosome abnormalities and their impact on centrosome function during tumor progression, as well as to identify tumor subtypes that would respond to the targeting of a centrosome abnormality, a reliable method for accurately quantifying centrosomes in human tissue samples is needed. Here, we established a method of quantifying centrosomes at a single-cell level in different types of human tissue samples. We tested multiple anti-centriole and pericentriolar-material antibodies to identify bona fide centrosomes and multiplexed these with cell border markers to identify individual cells within the tissue. High-resolution microscopy was used to generate multiple Z-section images, allowing us to acquire whole cell volumes in which to scan for centrosomes. The normal cells within the tissue serve as internal positive controls. Our method provides a simple, accurate way to distinguish alterations in centrosome numbers at the level of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Anne E Cress
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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84
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Abstract
The centriole is an ancient microtubule-based organelle with a conserved nine-fold symmetry. Centrioles form the core of centrosomes, which organize the interphase microtubule cytoskeleton of most animal cells and form the poles of the mitotic spindle. Centrioles can also be modified to form basal bodies, which template the formation of cilia and play central roles in cellular signaling, fluid movement, and locomotion. In this review, we discuss developments in our understanding of the biogenesis of centrioles and cilia and the regulatory controls that govern their structure and number. We also discuss how defects in these processes contribute to a spectrum of human diseases and how new technologies have expanded our understanding of centriole and cilium biology, revealing exciting avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Breslow
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA;
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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85
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Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a feature of multiple tumour types and has been postulated to contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour progression. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which an increase in centrosome number might lead to an increase or decrease in tumour progression and the role of proteins that regulate centrosome number in driving tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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86
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Abstract
Whole-genome and centrosome duplication as a consequence of cytokinesis failure can drive tumorigenesis in experimental model systems. However, whether cytokinesis failure is in fact an important cause of human cancers has remained unclear. In this Review, we summarize evidence that whole-genome-doubling events are frequently observed in human cancers and discuss the contribution that cytokinesis defects can make to tumorigenesis. We provide an overview of the potential causes of cytokinesis failure and discuss how tetraploid cells that are generated through cytokinesis defects are used in cancer as a transitory state on the route to aneuploidy. Finally, we discuss how cytokinesis defects can facilitate genetic diversification within the tumour to promote cancer development and could constitute the path of least resistance in tumour evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - René H Medema
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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87
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Shu S, Iimori M, Wakasa T, Ando K, Saeki H, Oda Y, Oki E, Maehara Y. The balance of forces generated by kinesins controls spindle polarity and chromosomal heterogeneity in tetraploid cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231530. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability, one of the most prominent features of tumour cells, causes aneuploidy. Tetraploidy is thought to be an intermediate on the path to aneuploidy, but the mechanistic relationship between the two states is poorly understood. Here, we show that spindle polarity (e.g., bipolarity or multipolarity) in tetraploid cells depends on the level of functional phospho-Eg5, a mitotic kinesin, localised at the spindle. Multipolar spindles are formed in cells with high levels of phospho-Eg5. This process is suppressed by inhibition of Eg5 or expression of a non-phosphorylatable Eg5 mutant, as well as by changing the balance between opposing forces required for centrosome separation. Tetraploid cells with high levels of functional Eg5 give rise to a heterogeneous aneuploid population via multipolar division, whereas those with low levels of functional Eg5 continue to undergo bipolar division and remain tetraploid. Furthermore, Eg5 expression levels correlate with ploidy status in tumour specimens. We provide a novel explanation for the tetraploid intermediate model: spindle polarity and subsequent tetraploid cell behaviour are determined by the balance of forces generated by mitotic kinesins at the spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Shu
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Product Research Department, Medical Affairs Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakasa
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-27 Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8444, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, 3-23-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8588, Japan
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88
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Giordano T, Gadadhar S, Bodakuntla S, Straub J, Leboucher S, Martinez G, Chemlali W, Bosc C, Andrieux A, Bieche I, Arnoult C, Geimer S, Janke C. Loss of the deglutamylase CCP5 perturbs multiple steps of spermatogenesis and leads to male infertility. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226951. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cells are highly specialized mammalian cells, and their biogenesis requires unique intracellular structures. Perturbations of spermatogenesis often lead to male infertility. Here we assess the role of a posttranslational modification of tubulin, glutamylation, in spermatogenesis. We show that mice lacking the tubulin deglutamylase CCP5 do not form functional sperm. Spermatids accumulate polyglutamylated tubulin, accompanied by the occurrence of disorganized microtubule arrays, in particular the sperm manchette, fail to re-arrange their intracellular space and accumulate organelles and cytosol, while nuclei condense normally. Strikingly, spermatids lacking CCP5 show supernumerary centrioles, suggesting that glutamylation could control centriole duplication. We show that most of these observed defects are also present in mice in which CCP5 is deleted only in the male germ line, strongly suggesting that they are germ-cell-autonomous. Our findings reveal that polyglutamylation is, beyond its known importance for sperm flagella, and essential regulator of several microtubule-based functions during spermatogenesis. This makes enzymes involved in glutamylation prime candidates for genes involved in male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Giordano
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sudarshan Gadadhar
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jonas Straub
- Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Martinez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Walid Chemlali
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Genetics, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Genetics, F-75005, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
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89
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Arnandis T, Monteiro P, Adams SD, Bridgeman VL, Rajeeve V, Gadaleta E, Marzec J, Chelala C, Malanchi I, Cutillas PR, Godinho SA. Oxidative Stress in Cells with Extra Centrosomes Drives Non-Cell-Autonomous Invasion. Dev Cell 2018; 47:409-424.e9. [PMID: 30458137 PMCID: PMC6251975 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomal abnormalities, in particular centrosome amplification, are recurrent features of human tumors. Enforced centrosome amplification in vivo plays a role in tumor initiation and progression. However, centrosome amplification occurs only in a subset of cancer cells, and thus, partly due to this heterogeneity, the contribution of centrosome amplification to tumors is unknown. Here, we show that supernumerary centrosomes induce a paracrine-signaling axis via the secretion of proteins, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), which leads to non-cell-autonomous invasion in 3D mammary organoids and zebrafish models. This extra centrosomes-associated secretory phenotype (ECASP) promotes invasion of human mammary cells via HER2 signaling activation. Further, we demonstrate that centrosome amplification induces an early oxidative stress response via increased NOX-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn mediates secretion of pro-invasive factors. The discovery that cells with extra centrosomes can manipulate the surrounding cells highlights unexpected and far-reaching consequences of these abnormalities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Arnandis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sophie D Adams
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Integrative Cell Signalling and Proteomics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Emanuela Gadaleta
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jacek Marzec
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Integrative Cell Signalling and Proteomics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Susana A Godinho
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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90
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Boese CJ, Nye J, Buster DW, McLamarrah TA, Byrnes AE, Slep KC, Rusan NM, Rogers GC. Asterless is a Polo-like kinase 4 substrate that both activates and inhibits kinase activity depending on its phosphorylation state. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2874-2886. [PMID: 30256714 PMCID: PMC6249866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole assembly initiates when Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) interacts with a centriole "targeting-factor." In Drosophila, Asterless/Asl (Cep152 in humans) fulfills the targeting role. Interestingly, Asl also regulates Plk4 levels. The N-terminus of Asl (Asl-A; amino acids 1-374) binds Plk4 and promotes Plk4 self-destruction, although it is unclear how this is achieved. Moreover, Plk4 phosphorylates the Cep152 N-terminus, but the functional consequence is unknown. Here, we show that Plk4 phosphorylates Asl and mapped 13 phospho-residues in Asl-A. Nonphosphorylatable alanine (13A) and phosphomimetic (13PM) mutants did not alter Asl function, presumably because of the dominant role of the Asl C-terminus in Plk4 stabilization and centriolar targeting. To address how Asl-A phosphorylation specifically affects Plk4 regulation, we generated Asl-A fragment phospho-mutants and expressed them in cultured Drosophila cells. Asl-A-13A stimulated kinase activity by relieving Plk4 autoinhibition. In contrast, Asl-A-13PM inhibited Plk4 activity by a novel mechanism involving autophosphorylation of Plk4's kinase domain. Thus, Asl-A's phosphorylation state determines which of Asl-A's two opposing effects are exerted on Plk4. Initially, nonphosphorylated Asl binds Plk4 and stimulates its kinase activity, but after Asl is phosphorylated, a negative-feedback mechanism suppresses Plk4 activity. This dual regulatory effect by Asl-A may limit Plk4 to bursts of activity that modulate centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Boese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Jonathan Nye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Daniel W. Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Tiffany A. McLamarrah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Amy E. Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nasser M. Rusan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gregory C. Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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91
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YLT-11, a novel PLK4 inhibitor, inhibits human breast cancer growth via inducing maladjusted centriole duplication and mitotic defect. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1066. [PMID: 30337519 PMCID: PMC6194023 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is indispensable for precise control of centriole duplication. Abnormal expression of PLK4 has been reported in many human cancers, and inhibition of PLK4 activity results in their mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, PLK4 may be a valid therapeutic target for antitumor therapy. However, clinically available small-molecule inhibitors targeting PLK4 are deficient and their underlying mechanisms still remain not fully clear. Herein, the effects of YLT-11 on breast cancer cells and the associated mechanism were investigated. In vitro, YLT-11 exhibited significant antiproliferation activities against breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, cells treated with YLT-11 exhibited effects consistent with PLK4 kinase inhibition, including dysregulated centriole duplication and mitotic defects, sequentially making tumor cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy. Furthermore, YLT-11 could strongly regulate downstream factors of PLK4, which was involved in cell cycle regulation, ultimately inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cell. In vivo, oral administration of YLT-11 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in human breast cancer xenograft models at doses that are well tolerated. In summary, the preclinical data show that YLT-11 could be a promising candidate drug for breast tumor therapy.
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92
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Sydor AM, Coyaud E, Rovelli C, Laurent E, Liu H, Raught B, Mennella V. PPP1R35 is a novel centrosomal protein that regulates centriole length in concert with the microcephaly protein RTTN. eLife 2018; 7:37846. [PMID: 30168418 PMCID: PMC6141234 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome structure, function, and number are finely regulated at the cellular level to ensure normal mammalian development. Here, we characterize PPP1R35 as a novel bona fide centrosomal protein and demonstrate that it is critical for centriole elongation. Using quantitative super-resolution microscopy mapping and live-cell imaging we show that PPP1R35 is a resident centrosomal protein located in the proximal lumen above the cartwheel, a region of the centriole that has eluded detailed characterization. Loss of PPP1R35 function results in decreased centrosome number and shortened centrioles that lack centriolar distal and microtubule wall associated proteins required for centriole elongation. We further demonstrate that PPP1R35 acts downstream of, and forms a complex with, RTTN, a microcephaly protein required for distal centriole elongation. Altogether, our study identifies a novel step in the centriole elongation pathway centered on PPP1R35 and elucidates downstream partners of the microcephaly protein RTTN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cristina Rovelli
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Estelle Laurent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Liu
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vito Mennella
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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93
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Jusino S, Fernández-Padín FM, Saavedra HI. Centrosome aberrations and chromosome instability contribute to tumorigenesis and intra-tumor heterogeneity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 30381801 PMCID: PMC6205736 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes serve as the major microtubule organizing centers in cells and thereby contribute to cell shape, polarity, and motility. Also, centrosomes ensure equal chromosome segregation during mitosis. Centrosome aberrations arise when the centrosome cycle is deregulated, or as a result of cytokinesis failure. A long-standing postulate is that centrosome aberrations are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, this notion has been a subject of controversy because until recently the relationship has been correlative. Recently, it was shown that numerical or structural centrosome aberrations can initiate tumors in certain tissues in mice, as well as invasion. Particularly, we will focus on centrosome amplification and chromosome instability as drivers of intra-tumor heterogeneity and their consequences in cancer. We will also discuss briefly the controversies surrounding this theory to highlight the fact that the role of both centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in cancer is highly context-dependent. Further, we will discuss single-cell sequencing as a novel technique to understand intra-tumor heterogeneity and some therapeutic approaches to target chromosome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Jusino
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Fabiola M Fernández-Padín
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
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94
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Manil-Ségalen M, Łuksza M, Kanaan J, Marthiens V, Lane SIR, Jones KT, Terret ME, Basto R, Verlhac MH. Chromosome structural anomalies due to aberrant spindle forces exerted at gene editing sites in meiosis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3416-3430. [PMID: 30082296 PMCID: PMC6168266 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acentrosomal spindle assembly in mouse oocytes depends on chromosomes and acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs). Manil-Ségalen et al. observe that Plk4-induced perturbation of aMTOCs coupled to Cre-mediated gene editing generates fragile chromosomes that break when subjected to forces exerted by altered meiosis I spindles. Mouse female meiotic spindles assemble from acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs) that fragment into discrete foci. These are further sorted and clustered to form spindle poles, thus providing balanced forces for faithful chromosome segregation. To assess the impact of aMTOC biogenesis on spindle assembly, we genetically induced their precocious fragmentation in mouse oocytes using conditional overexpression of Plk4, a master microtubule-organizing center regulator. Excessive microtubule nucleation from these fragmented aMTOCs accelerated spindle assembly dynamics. Prematurely formed spindles promoted the breakage of three different fragilized bivalents, generated by the presence of recombined Lox P sites. Reducing the density of microtubules significantly diminished the extent of chromosome breakage. Thus, improper spindle forces can lead to widely described yet unexplained chromosomal structural anomalies with disruptive consequences on the ability of the gamete to transmit an uncorrupted genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Manil-Ségalen
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Łuksza
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Joanne Kanaan
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Marthiens
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Simon I R Lane
- Biological Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Verlhac
- Collège de France, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM-U1050, Paris, France
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95
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Abstract
This review by Levine and Holland reviews the sources of mitotic errors in human tumors and their effect on cell fitness and transformation. They discuss new findings that suggest that chromosome missegregation can produce a proinflammatory environment and impact tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy and survey the vulnerabilities exposed by cell division errors and how they can be exploited therapeutically. Mitosis is a delicate event that must be executed with high fidelity to ensure genomic stability. Recent work has provided insight into how mitotic errors shape cancer genomes by driving both numerical and structural alterations in chromosomes that contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Here, we review the sources of mitotic errors in human tumors and their effect on cell fitness and transformation. We discuss new findings that suggest that chromosome missegregation can produce a proinflammatory environment and impact tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy. Finally, we survey the vulnerabilities exposed by cell division errors and how they can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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96
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Lopes CAM, Mesquita M, Cunha AI, Cardoso J, Carapeta S, Laranjeira C, Pinto AE, Pereira-Leal JB, Dias-Pereira A, Bettencourt-Dias M, Chaves P. Centrosome amplification arises before neoplasia and increases upon p53 loss in tumorigenesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2353-2363. [PMID: 29739803 PMCID: PMC6028540 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201711191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome abnormalities are a typical hallmark of human cancers. However, the origin and dynamics of such abnormalities in human cancer are not known. In this study, we examined centrosomes in Barrett's esophagus tumorigenesis, a well-characterized multistep pathway of progression, from the premalignant condition to the metastatic disease. This human cancer model allows the study of sequential steps of progression within the same patient and has representative cell lines from all stages of disease. Remarkably, centrosome amplification was detected as early as the premalignant condition and was significantly expanded in dysplasia. It was then present throughout malignant transformation both in adenocarcinoma and metastasis. The early expansion of centrosome amplification correlated with and was dependent on loss of function of the tumor suppressor p53 both through loss of wild-type expression and hotspot mutations. Our work shows that centrosome amplification in human tumorigenesis can occur before transformation, being repressed by p53. These findings suggest centrosome amplification in humans can contribute to tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A M Lopes
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Mesquita
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Cunha
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Cátia Laranjeira
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António E Pinto
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - António Dias-Pereira
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Paula Chaves
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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97
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Dionne LK, Shim K, Hoshi M, Cheng T, Wang J, Marthiens V, Knoten A, Basto R, Jain S, Mahjoub MR. Centrosome amplification disrupts renal development and causes cystogenesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2485-2501. [PMID: 29895697 PMCID: PMC6028550 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201710019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary centrosomes are commonly observed in cystic kidneys, but whether they are a cause or consequence of cystogenesis is unknown. Dionne et al. demonstrate that centrosome amplification disrupts renal development and is sufficient to induce cystogenesis in vivo. Centrosome number is tightly controlled to ensure proper ciliogenesis, mitotic spindle assembly, and cellular homeostasis. Centrosome amplification (the formation of excess centrosomes) has been noted in renal cells of patients and animal models of various types of cystic kidney disease. Whether this defect plays a causal role in cystogenesis remains unknown. Here, we investigate the consequences of centrosome amplification during kidney development, homeostasis, and after injury. Increasing centrosome number in vivo perturbed proliferation and differentiation of renal progenitors, resulting in defective branching morphogenesis and renal hypoplasia. Centrosome amplification disrupted mitotic spindle morphology, ciliary assembly, and signaling pathways essential for the function of renal progenitors, highlighting the mechanisms underlying the developmental defects. Importantly, centrosome amplification was sufficient to induce rapid cystogenesis shortly after birth. Finally, we discovered that centrosome amplification sensitized kidneys in adult mice, causing cystogenesis after ischemic renal injury. Our study defines a new mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of renal cystogenesis, and identifies a potentially new cellular target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Kuan Dionne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tao Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Amanda Knoten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Renata Basto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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98
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Asymmetric Centriole Numbers at Spindle Poles Cause Chromosome Missegregation in Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1906-1920. [PMID: 28834753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer and correlates with the presence of extra centrosomes, which originate from centriole overduplication. Overduplicated centrioles lead to the formation of centriole rosettes, which mature into supernumerary centrosomes in the subsequent cell cycle. While extra centrosomes promote chromosome missegregation by clustering into pseudo-bipolar spindles, the contribution of centriole rosettes to chromosome missegregation is unknown. We used multi-modal imaging of cells with conditional centriole overduplication to show that mitotic rosettes in bipolar spindles frequently harbor unequal centriole numbers, leading to biased chromosome capture that favors binding to the prominent pole. This results in chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. Rosette mitoses lead to viable offspring and significantly contribute to progeny production. We further show that centrosome abnormalities in primary human malignancies frequently consist of centriole rosettes. As asymmetric centriole rosettes generate mitotic errors that can be propagated, rosette mitoses are sufficient to cause chromosome missegregation in cancer.
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99
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Prakash A, Garcia-Moreno JF, Brown JAL, Bourke E. Clinically Applicable Inhibitors Impacting Genome Stability. Molecules 2018; 23:E1166. [PMID: 29757235 PMCID: PMC6100577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology have facilitated the molecular profiling (genomic and transcriptomic) of tumours, and has led to improved stratification of patients and the individualisation of treatment regimes. To fully realize the potential of truly personalised treatment options, we need targeted therapies that precisely disrupt the compensatory pathways identified by profiling which allow tumours to survive or gain resistance to treatments. Here, we discuss recent advances in novel therapies that impact the genome (chromosomes and chromatin), pathways targeted and the stage of the pathways targeted. The current state of research will be discussed, with a focus on compounds that have advanced into trials (clinical and pre-clinical). We will discuss inhibitors of specific DNA damage responses and other genome stability pathways, including those in development, which are likely to synergistically combine with current therapeutic options. Tumour profiling data, combined with the knowledge of new treatments that affect the regulation of essential tumour signalling pathways, is revealing fundamental insights into cancer progression and resistance mechanisms. This is the forefront of the next evolution of advanced oncology medicine that will ultimately lead to improved survival and may, one day, result in many cancers becoming chronic conditions, rather than fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Prakash
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Juan F Garcia-Moreno
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Emer Bourke
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
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Nigg EA, Holland AJ. Once and only once: mechanisms of centriole duplication and their deregulation in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:297-312. [PMID: 29363672 PMCID: PMC5969912 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Centrioles are conserved microtubule-based organelles that form the core of the centrosome and act as templates for the formation of cilia and flagella. Centrioles have important roles in most microtubule-related processes, including motility, cell division and cell signalling. To coordinate these diverse cellular processes, centriole number must be tightly controlled. In cycling cells, one new centriole is formed next to each pre-existing centriole in every cell cycle. Advances in imaging, proteomics, structural biology and genome editing have revealed new insights into centriole biogenesis, how centriole numbers are controlled and how alterations in these processes contribute to diseases such as cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, recent work has uncovered the existence of surveillance pathways that limit the proliferation of cells with numerical centriole aberrations. Owing to this progress, we now have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing centriole biogenesis, opening up new possibilities for targeting these pathways in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich A. Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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