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Motor deficits seen in microglial ablation mice could be due to non-specific damage from high dose diphtheria toxin treatment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3874. [PMID: 35790742 PMCID: PMC9256727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Owoyele BV, Bakare AO, Olaseinde OF, Ochu MJ, Yusuff AM, Ekebafe F, Fogabi OL, Roi T. Synergistic interaction between acetaminophen and L-carnosine improved neuropathic pain via NF-κB pathway and antioxidant properties in chronic constriction injury model. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:271-279. [PMID: 35768982 PMCID: PMC9251391 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is known to underlie the pathogenesis in neuropathic pain. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms involved in antinociceptive effects of co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced peripheral neuropathy in male Wistar rats. Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (n = 8) treated with normal saline/acetaminophen/acetaminophen + L-carnosine. CCI was used to induce neuropathic pain in rats. Hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed using hotplate and von Frey tests, respectively. Investigation of spinal proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant system were carried out after twenty-one days of treatment. Results The results showed that the co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine significantly (P < 0.001) increased the paw withdrawal threshold to thermal and mechanical stimuli in ligated rats compared to the ligated naïve group. There was a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the levels of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer B cell inhibitor, calcium ion, interleukin-1-beta, and tumour necrotic factor-alpha in the spinal cord of the group coadministered with acetaminophen and L-carnosine compared to the ligated control group. Co-administration with acetaminophen and L-carnosine increased the antioxidant enzymatic activities and reduced the lipid peroxidation in the spinal cord. Conclusions Co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine has anti-inflammatory effects as a mechanism that mediate its antinociceptive effects in CCI-induced peripheral neuropathy in Wistar rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Olalekan Bakare
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo Folajimi Olaseinde
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Jelil Ochu
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Akorede Munirdeen Yusuff
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Favour Ekebafe
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilare Lanre Fogabi
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Treister Roi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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53
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Li L, Bai L, Gao Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Qiao Y, Wang X, Xu JT. Activation of Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Dorsal Horn Regulates Neuropathic Pain Following Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1381-1400. [PMID: 35655111 PMCID: PMC9587175 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated kinase (PKR) is an important component in inflammation and immune dysfunction. However, the role of PKR in neuropathic pain remains unclear. Here, we showed that lumbar 5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) led to a significant increase in the level of phosphorylated PKR (p-PKR) in both the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn. Images of double immunofluorescence staining revealed that p-PKR was expressed in myelinated A-fibers, unmyelinated C-fibers, and satellite glial cells in the DRG. In the dorsal horn, p-PKR was located in neuronal cells, astrocytes, and microglia. Data from behavioral tests showed that intrathecal (i.t.) injection of 2-aminopurine (2-AP), a specific inhibitor of PKR activation, and PKR siRNA prevented the reductions in PWT and PWL following SNL. Established neuropathic pain was also attenuated by i.t. injection of 2-AP and PKR siRNA, which started on day 7 after SNL. Prior repeated i.t. injections of PKR siRNA prevented the SNL-induced degradation of IκBα and IκBβ in the cytosol and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in both the DRG and dorsal horn. Moreover, the SNL-induced increase in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production was diminished by this treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that peripheral nerve injury-induced PKR activation via NF-κB signaling-regulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the DRG and dorsal horn contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Our findings suggest that pharmacologically targeting PKR might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liren Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yiming Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ji-Tian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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54
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Tang SJ. Reactive astrocytes in pain neural circuit pathogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102584. [PMID: 35717772 PMCID: PMC10391711 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are commonly activated in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of various animal models of pathological pain. Previous investigations suggest an association between astrogliosis and pain pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying astrogliosis activation and the contributions of reactive astrocytes to pain neural circuit malfunction is rudimentary. This short review highlights recent advances in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Tang
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC) and Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794, USA.
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55
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Gao Y, Mei C, Chen P, Chen X. The contribution of neuro-immune crosstalk to pain in the peripheral nervous system and the spinal cord. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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56
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Zheng J, Murugan M, Wang L, Wu LJ. Microglial voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 in spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1183-1189. [PMID: 34782552 PMCID: PMC8643068 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury, microglia as the first responders to the lesion display both beneficial and detrimental characteristics. Activated microglia phagocyte and eliminate cell debris, release cytokines to recruit peripheral immune cells to the injury site. Excessively activated microglia can aggravate the secondary damage by producing extravagant reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies demonstrated that the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is selectively expressed in microglia and regulates microglial activation upon injury. In mouse models of spinal cord injury, Hv1 deficiency ameliorates microglia activation, resulting in alleviated production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The reduced secondary damage subsequently decreases neuronal loss and correlates with improved locomotor recovery. This review provides a brief historical perspective of advances in investigating voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 and home in on microglial Hv1. We discuss recent studies on the roles of Hv1 activation in pathophysiological activities of microglia, such as production of NOX-dependent reactive oxygen species, microglia polarization, and tissue acidosis, particularly in the context of spinal cord injury. Further, we highlight the rationale for targeting Hv1 for the treatment of spinal cord injury and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Madhuvika Murugan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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57
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Tansley S, Gu N, Guzmán AU, Cai W, Wong C, Lister K, Muñoz-Pino E, Yousefpour N, Roome RB, Heal J, Wu N, Castonguay A, Lean G, Muir EM, Kania A, Prager-Khoutorsky M, Zhang J, Gkogkas CG, Fawcett JW, Diatchenko L, Ribeiro-da-Silva A, De Koninck Y, Mogil JS, Khoutorsky A. Microglia-mediated degradation of perineuronal nets promotes pain. Science 2022; 377:80-86. [PMID: 35617374 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Activation of microglia in the spinal cord dorsal horn following peripheral nerve injury contributes to the development of pain hypersensitivity. How activated microglia selectively enhance the activity of spinal nociceptive circuits is not well understood. We discovered that following peripheral nerve injury, microglia degrade extracellular matrix structures, perineuronal nets (PNNs), in lamina I of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Lamina I PNNs selectively enwrap spinoparabrachial projection neurons, which integrate nociceptive information in the spinal cord and convey it to supraspinal brain regions to induce pain sensation. Degradation of PNNs by microglia enhances the activity of projection neurons and induces pain-related behaviors. Thus, nerve injury-induced degradation of PNNs is a mechanism by which microglia selectively augment the output of spinal nociceptive circuits and cause pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Tansley
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alba Ureña Guzmán
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Calvin Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Lister
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Einer Muñoz-Pino
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Noosha Yousefpour
- Departement of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Brian Roome
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jordyn Heal
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neil Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Castonguay
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Graham Lean
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Muir
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departement of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro-da-Silva
- Departement of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departement of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Departement of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Mogil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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58
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Tadokoro T, Bravo-Hernandez M, Agashkov K, Kobayashi Y, Platoshyn O, Navarro M, Marsala S, Miyanohara A, Yoshizumi T, Shigyo M, Krotov V, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Nguyen D, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Motlik J, Studenovska H, Proks V, Reddy R, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Kemthong T, Malaivijitnond S, Tomori Z, Vanicky I, Kakinohana M, Pfaff SL, Ciacci J, Belan P, Marsala M. Precision spinal gene delivery-induced functional switch in nociceptive neurons reverses neuropathic pain. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2722-2745. [PMID: 35524407 PMCID: PMC9372322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-order spinal cord excitatory neurons play a key role in spinal processing and transmission of pain signals to the brain. Exogenously-induced change in developmentally-imprinted excitatory neurotransmitter phenotype of these neurons to inhibitory has not yet been achieved. Here we use a subpial dorsal horn-targeted delivery of AAV (adeno-associated virus) vector(s) encoding GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid,) synthesizing-releasing inhibitory machinery in mice with neuropathic pain. Treated animals showed a progressive and complete reversal of neuropathic pain (tactile and brush-evoked pain behavior) which persisted for minimum 2.5 months post-treatment. The mechanism of this treatment effect results from the switch of excitatory to preferential inhibitory neurotransmitter phenotype in dorsal horn nociceptive neurons and a resulting increase in inhibitory activity in regional spinal circuitry after peripheral nociceptive stimulation. No detectable side effects (such as sedation, motor weakness or loss of normal sensation) were seen between 2-13 months post-treatment in naive adult mice, pigs and non-human primates. The use of this treatment approach may represent a potent and safe treatment modality in patients suffering from spinal cord- or peripheral nerve-injury induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tadokoro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Neurgain Technologies, 9620 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mariana Bravo-Hernandez
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kirill Agashkov
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Navarro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neurgain Technologies, 9620 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Vector Core Laboratory, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yoshizumi
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michiko Shigyo
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Volodymyr Krotov
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Heyrovsky Square 2,162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Proks
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Heyrovsky Square 2,162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rajiv Reddy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas D Glenn
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taratorn Kemthong
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Kaengkhoi District, Saraburi 18110, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Kaengkhoi District, Saraburi 18110, Thailand
| | - Zoltan Tomori
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Vanicky
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph Ciacci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pavel Belan
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Martin Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
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59
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Chen K, Hu Q, Xie Z, Yang G. Monocyte NLRP3-IL-1β Hyperactivation Mediates Neuronal and Synaptic Dysfunction in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104106. [PMID: 35347900 PMCID: PMC9165480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder may develop in vulnerable patients following major operation. While neuroinflammation is linked to the cognitive effects of surgery, how surgery and immune signaling modulate neuronal circuits, leading to learning and memory impairment remains unknown. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy, Ca2+ activity and postsynaptic dendritic spines of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex of a mouse model of thoracic surgery are imaged. It is found that surgery causes neuronal hypoactivity, impairments in learning-dependent dendritic spine formation, and deficits in multiple learning tasks. These neuronal and synaptic alterations in the cortex are mediated by peripheral monocytes through the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production. Depleting peripheral monocytes or inactivating NLRP3 inflammasomes before surgery reduces levels of IL-1β and ameliorates neuronal and behavioral deficits in mice. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of IL-1β-producing myeloid cells from mice undertaking thoracic surgery is sufficient to induce neuronal and behavioral deficits in naïve mice. Together, these findings suggest that surgery leads to excessive NLRP3 activation in monocytes and elevated IL-1β signaling, which in turn causes neuronal hypoactivity and perioperative neurocognitive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
| | - Qiuping Hu
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
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60
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Okuda H, Ishikawa T, Hori K, Kwankaew N, Ozaki N. Hedgehog signaling plays a crucial role in hyperalgesia associated with neuropathic pain in mice. J Neurochem 2022; 162:207-220. [PMID: 35437761 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic syndrome of the nervous system caused by nerve injury. In Drosophila, the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is related to increased pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) but does not affect the baseline nociceptive threshold. In general, the contribution of the Hh signaling pathway to neuropathic pain in vertebrates is a highly debated issue. Alternatively, we investigated the potential role of Hh signaling in mechanical allodynia using a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Seven days after spinal nerve-transection (SNT) surgery, microglial activation increased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn compared with that in the sham group; however, 21 days after surgery, microglial activation decreased. Contrastingly, astrocyte activation in the spinal cord did not differ between the groups. On day 21 of postsurgery, the SNT group showed marked upregulation of sonic hedgehog expression in peripheral glial cells but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Intrathecal administration of the Hh signaling inhibitor vismodegib attenuated the mechanical allodynia observed on day 21 postsurgery. Conversely, intrathecal treatment with the Hh signaling activator smoothened agonist in naive mice induced mechanical allodynia, which was abolished by the ATP transporter inhibitor clodronate. Moreover, inhibition of Hh signaling by pretreatment with vismodegib significantly reduced ATP secretion and the frequency/number of spontaneous elevations of intracellular calcium ion levels in cultured DRG cells. Thus, the Hh signaling pathway appears to modulate the neural activity of DRG neurons via ATP release, and it plays an important role in sustaining mechanical allodynia and hypersensitivity in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nichakarn Kwankaew
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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61
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Fiore NT, Yin Z, Guneykaya D, Gauthier CD, Hayes J, D’hary A, Butovsky O, Moalem-Taylor G. Sex-specific transcriptome of spinal microglia in neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. Glia 2022; 70:675-696. [PMID: 35050555 PMCID: PMC8852349 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and debilitating chronic disease that is characterized by activation in glial cells in various pain-related regions within the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested a sexually dimorphic role of microglia in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rodents. Here, we utilized RNA sequencing analysis and in vitro primary cultures of microglia to identify whether there is a common neuropathic microglial signature and characterize the sex differences in microglia in pain-related regions in nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy mouse models. While mechanical allodynia and behavioral changes were observed in all models, transcriptomic analysis of microglia revealed no common transcriptional changes in spinal and supraspinal regions and in the different neuropathic models. However, there was a substantial change in microglial gene expression within the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord 7 days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Both sexes upregulated genes associated with inflammation, phagosome, and lysosome activation, though males revealed a prominent global transcriptional shift not observed in female mice. Transcriptomic comparison between male spinal microglia after CCI and data from other nerve injury models and neurodegenerative microglia demonstrated a unique CCI-induced signature reflecting acute activation of microglia. Further, in vitro studies revealed that only male microglia from nerve-injured mice developed a reactive phenotype with increased phagocytotic activity. This study demonstrates a lack of a common neuropathic microglial signature and indicates distinct sex differences in spinal microglia, suggesting they contribute to the sex-specific pain processing following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Fiore
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian D Gauthier
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron D’hary
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Correspondence: A/Prof. Gila Moalem-Taylor, Neuropathic Pain Research Group, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, Wallace Wurth Building, Level 3, room 355B, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia, +61-2-90658014,
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62
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Kohno K, Shirasaka R, Yoshihara K, Mikuriya S, Tanaka K, Takanami K, Inoue K, Sakamoto H, Ohkawa Y, Masuda T, Tsuda M. A spinal microglia population involved in remitting and relapsing neuropathic pain. Science 2022; 376:86-90. [PMID: 35357926 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is often caused by injury and diseases that affect the somatosensory system. Although pain development has been well studied, pain recovery mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that CD11c-expressing spinal microglia appear after the development of behavioral pain hypersensitivity following nerve injury. Nerve-injured mice with spinal CD11c+ microglial depletion failed to recover spontaneously from this hypersensitivity. CD11c+ microglia expressed insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and interference with IGF1 signaling recapitulated the impairment in pain recovery. In pain-recovered mice, the depletion of CD11c+ microglia or the interruption of IGF1 signaling resulted in a relapse in pain hypersensitivity. Our findings reveal a mechanism for the remission and recurrence of neuropathic pain, providing potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kohno
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shirasaka
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshihara
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Mikuriya
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan.,Mouse Genomics Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inoue
- Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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63
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Mortensen D, Thoefner MS, Agerholm JS, Slumstrup L, Jensen TS, Bjerrum OJ, Berendt M, Nyengaard JR. Dorsal horn volume loss and pain pathway changes in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with syringomyelia, signs of pain, and phantom scratching. Pain 2022; 163:2365-2379. [PMID: 35353770 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Central neuropathic pain is a core clinical sign of syringomyelia in humans and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs. This histopathological study used spinal cords from CKCS with syringomyelia to investigate: 1) whether specific structural cervical spinal cord entities involved in nociception are affected by loss of neuroparenchyma or other pathological changes in CKCS with pain-related behaviour and phantom scratching, 2) if pain related behaviour or phantom scratching correlated with loss of a specific anatomical entity or upregulation of glia cells, and 3) if syringomyelia-related lesions affected specific functional spinal cord units of nociception.Spinal cord segments C1-C8 from CKCS with MRI-confirmed syringomyelia and clinical signs of pain and phantom scratch (n=8) were compared to CKCS without syringomyelia (n=4). Dogs with unilateral scratching (n=7) had a volume loss (P=0.043) of the dorsal horn laminae I-III in the ipsilateral side compared to the contralateral dorsal horn. A clear pattern of ipsilateral changes in the dorsal root entry zone characterised by deafferentation and reorganization of first-order axons into deeper laminae was found in cases with lateralised scratching. Significant changes in cell number density were not found for astrocytes or microglia, suggesting that the dogs represented cases of end-stage syringomyelia and thus could not reveal astrogliosis and microgliosis, which may be involved in the early phases of syrinx development and phantom scratch.The present relationship between clinical findings and dorsal horn and pain pathway pathology in CKCS suggests that these dogs may be of interest as a supplement to experimental model pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Mortensen
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging
| | - Maria Soendergaard Thoefner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joergen Steen Agerholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Slumstrup
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging
| | | | - Ole Jannik Bjerrum
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Mette Berendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging.,Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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64
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Hua T, Wang H, Fan X, An N, Li J, Song H, Kong E, Li Y, Yuan H. BRD4 Inhibition Attenuates Inflammatory Pain by Ameliorating NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837977. [PMID: 35154163 PMCID: PMC8826720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, such as persistent inflammatory pain, remains a public health problem that has no effective treatment at present. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibition, induced by JQ1 injection or BRD4 knockdown, has been used to attenuate inflammatory pain; However, it remains elusive whether BRD4 aggravates inflammatory pain by regulating inflammasome. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed that BRD4 expression increased after administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and reached its peak on day 3. Immunofluorescence staining showed that BRD4 was mainly colocalized with NeuN-positive neurons in the spinal cord, which was accompanied by upregulation of inflammasome component proteins, such as NLRP3, gasdermin D, and caspase-1. JQ1 was intrathecally injected into mice 1 h before CFA administration, and the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia levels were measured on days 1, 3, and 7 after CFA administration. CFA-induced inflammatory pain, paw inflammation, and swelling were attenuated by pre-treatment with JQ1. To our knowledge, this study was the first to prove that NLRP3 inflammasome-induced neuronal pyroptosis participates in inflammatory pain. BRD4 inhibition decreased the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, BRD4 inhibition exerted analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory pain by inhibiting NF-κB and inflammasome activation, which protected neural cells from pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fan
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ni An
- Chinese People's Liberation Army, Liao Yang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghao Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Erliang Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China
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65
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Wang W, Liu WZ, Wang ZL, Duan DX, Wang XY, Liu SJ, Wang ZJ, Xing GG, Xing Y. Spinal microglial activation promotes perioperative social defeat stress-induced prolonged postoperative pain in a sex-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:88-104. [PMID: 34808295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged postsurgical pain, which is associated with multiple risk factors in the perioperative stage, is a common medical and social problem worldwide. Suitable animal models should be established to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the perioperative prolonged postsurgical pain. In this study, standard and modified social defeat stress mice models, including chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), chronic nondiscriminatory social defeat stress (CNSDS) and vicarious social defeat stress (VSDS), were applied to explore the effect of perioperative social defeat stress on postsurgical pain in male and female mice. Our results showed that exposure to preoperative CSDS could induce prolonged postsurgical pain in defeated mice regardless of susceptibility or resilience differentiated by the social interaction test. Similar prolongation of incision-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was also observed in both sexes upon exposing to CNSDS or VSDS in the preoperative period. Moreover, we found that using the modified CNSDS or VSDS models at different recovery stages after surgery could still promote abnormal pain without sex differences. Further studies revealed the key role of spinal microglial activation in the stress-induced transition from acute to prolonged postoperative pain in male but not female mice. Together, these data indicate that perioperative social defeat stress is a vital risk factor for developing prolonged postoperative pain in both sexes, but the promotion of stress-induced prolonged postoperative pain by spinal microglial activation is sexually dimorphic in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Liang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Duan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Yun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shi-Jin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Ju Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Guo-Gang Xing
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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66
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Manjally AV, Tay TL. Attack of the Clones: Microglia in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:831747. [PMID: 35173585 PMCID: PMC8841846 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.831747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Vinayak Manjally
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tuan Leng Tay
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Tuan Leng Tay
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67
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Zhang P, Guergues J, Alleyne AR, Cirino TJ, Nadeau O, Figueroa AM, Stacy HM, Suzuki T, McLaughlin JP, Stevens SM, Liu B. Novel Histone Modifications in Microglia Derived from a Mouse Model of Chronic Pain. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100137. [PMID: 35081661 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, microglia play an important role in the maintenance of its homeostasis. Dysregulation of microglia has been associated with the development and maintenance of chronic pain. However, the relevant molecular pathways remain poorly defined. In this study, we used a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach to screen potential changes of histone protein modifications in microglia isolated from the brain of control and cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain adult C57BL/6J male mice. We identified several novel microglial histone modifications associated with pain including statistically significantly decreased histone H3.1 lysine 27 mono-methylation (H3.1K27me1, 54.8% of control) and lysine 56 tri-methylation (7.5% of control), as well as a trend suggesting increased histone 3 tyrosine 41 nitration. We further investigated the functional role of H3.1K27me1 and found that treatment of cultured microglial cells for 4 consecutive days with 1-10 μM of NCDM-64, a potent and selective inhibitor of lysine demethylase 7A, an enzyme responsible for the demethylation of H3K27me1, dose-dependently elevated its levels with a greater than a 2-fold increase observed at 10 μM compared to vehicle-treated control cells. Moreover, pre-treatment of mice with NCDM-64 (10 or 25 mg/kg/day, i.p.) prior to cisplatin treatment prevented the development of neuropathic pain in mice. The identification of specific chromatin marks in microglia associated with chronic pain may yield critical insight into the contribution of microglia to the development and maintenance of pain, and opens new avenues for the development of novel non-opioid therapeutics for the effective management of chronic pain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Guergues
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amy R Alleyne
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas J Cirino
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Owen Nadeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Ariana M Figueroa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heather M Stacy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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68
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Defaye M, Abdullah NS, Iftinca M, Hassan A, Agosti F, Zhang Z, Cumenal M, Zamponi GW, Altier C. Gut-innervating TRPV1+ Neurons Drive Chronic Visceral Pain via Microglial P2Y12 Receptor. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:977-999. [PMID: 34954381 PMCID: PMC8867057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic abdominal pain is a common symptom of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain during active disease and clinical remission. Lower mechanical threshold and hyperexcitability of visceral afferents induce gliosis in central pain circuits, leading to persistent visceral hypersensitivity (VHS). In the spinal cord, microglia, the immune sentinels of the central nervous system, undergo activation in multiple models of VHS. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of microglia activation to identify centrally acting analgesics for chronic IBD pain. METHODS Using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) expressed in transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1-expressing visceral neurons that sense colonic inflammation, we tested whether neuronal activity was indispensable to control microglia activation and VHS. We then investigated the neuron-microglia signaling system involved in visceral pain chronification. RESULTS We found that chemogenetic inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1+ visceral afferents prevents microglial activation in the spinal cord and subsequent VHS in colitis mice. In contrast, chemogenetic activation, in the absence of colitis, enhanced microglial activation associated with VHS. We identified a purinergic signaling mechanism mediated by neuronal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and microglial P2Y12 receptor, triggering VHS in colitis. Inhibition of P2RY12 prevented microglial reactivity and chronic VHS post-colitis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data provide novel insights into the central mechanisms of chronic visceral pain and suggest that targeting microglial P2RY12 signaling could be harnessed to relieve pain in patients with IBD who are in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nasser S. Abdullah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francina Agosti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa Cumenal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Christophe Altier, PhD, Associate Professor, Canada Research Chair in Inflammatory Pain, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HS 1665, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1 Canada. tel: (403) 220-7549.
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69
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Tmem160 contributes to the establishment of discrete nerve injury-induced pain behaviors in male mice. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110152. [PMID: 34936870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a prevalent medical problem, and its molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the significance of the transmembrane protein (Tmem) 160 for nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. An extensive behavioral assessment suggests a pain modality- and entity-specific phenotype in male Tmem160 global knockout (KO) mice: delayed establishment of tactile hypersensitivity and alterations in self-grooming after nerve injury. In contrast, Tmem160 seems to be dispensable for other nerve injury-induced pain modalities, such as non-evoked and movement-evoked pain, and for other pain entities. Mechanistically, we show that global KO males exhibit dampened neuroimmune signaling and diminished TRPA1-mediated activity in cultured dorsal root ganglia. Neither these changes nor altered pain-related behaviors are observed in global KO female and male peripheral sensory neuron-specific KO mice. Our findings reveal Tmem160 as a sexually dimorphic factor contributing to the establishment, but not maintenance, of discrete nerve injury-induced pain behaviors in male mice.
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70
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TREM2 interacts with TDP-43 and mediates microglial neuroprotection against TDP-43-related neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 2021; 25:26-38. [PMID: 34916658 PMCID: PMC8741737 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is linked to neurodegenerative disease risk. However, the function of TREM2 in neurodegeneration is still not fully understood. Here we investigated the role of microglial TREM2 in TAR-DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43)-related neurodegeneration using viral-mediated and transgenic mouse models. We found that TREM2 deficiency impaired phagocytic clearance of pathological TDP-43 by microglia, and enhanced neuronal damage and motor impairments. Mass cytometry analysis revealed that hTDP-43 induced a TREM2-dependent subpopulation of microglia with high CD11c expression and phagocytic ability. Using mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance analysis, we further demonstrated an interaction between TDP-43 and TREM2 in vitro and in vivo as well as in ALS patient tissues. We computationally identified regions within hTDP-43 that interact with TREM2. Our data highlights that TDP-43 is a possible ligand for microglial TREM2 and that this interaction mediates neuroprotection of microglia in TDP-43-related neurodegeneration.
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71
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Tan Z, Lin ZJ, Wu LJ, Zhou LJ. The Macrophage IL-23/IL-17A Pathway: A New Neuro-Immune Mechanism in Female Mechanical Pain. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:453-455. [PMID: 34907495 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhen-Jia Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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72
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Macrophages transfer mitochondria to sensory neurons to resolve inflammatory pain. Neuron 2021; 110:613-626.e9. [PMID: 34921782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current paradigm is that inflammatory pain passively resolves following the cessation of inflammation. Yet, in a substantial proportion of patients with inflammatory diseases, resolution of inflammation is not sufficient to resolve pain, resulting in chronic pain. Mechanistic insight into how inflammatory pain is resolved is lacking. Here, we show that macrophages actively control resolution of inflammatory pain remotely from the site of inflammation by transferring mitochondria to sensory neurons. During resolution of inflammatory pain in mice, M2-like macrophages infiltrate the dorsal root ganglia that contain the somata of sensory neurons, concurrent with the recovery of oxidative phosphorylation in sensory neurons. The resolution of pain and the transfer of mitochondria requires expression of CD200 receptor (CD200R) on macrophages and the non-canonical CD200R-ligand iSec1 on sensory neurons. Our data reveal a novel mechanism for active resolution of inflammatory pain.
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73
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Roversi K, Callai-Silva N, Roversi K, Griffith M, Boutopoulos C, Prediger RD, Talbot S. Neuro-Immunity and Gut Dysbiosis Drive Parkinson's Disease-Induced Pain. Front Immunol 2021; 12:759679. [PMID: 34868000 PMCID: PMC8637106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.759679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1-2% of the population aged 65 and over. Additionally, non-motor symptoms such as pain and gastrointestinal dysregulation are also common in PD. These impairments might stem from a dysregulation within the gut-brain axis that alters immunity and the inflammatory state and subsequently drives neurodegeneration. There is increasing evidence linking gut dysbiosis to the severity of PD's motor symptoms as well as to somatosensory hypersensitivities. Altogether, these interdependent features highlight the urgency of reviewing the links between the onset of PD's non-motor symptoms and gut immunity and whether such interplays drive the progression of PD. This review will shed light on maladaptive neuro-immune crosstalk in the context of gut dysbiosis and will posit that such deleterious interplays lead to PD-induced pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Natalia Callai-Silva
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christos Boutopoulos
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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74
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Campos RMP, Aguiar AFL, Paes-Colli Y, Trindade PMP, Ferreira BK, de Melo Reis RA, Sampaio LS. Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: From Animal Research to Human Treatment. Front Physiol 2021; 12:785176. [PMID: 34916962 PMCID: PMC8669747 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of pain as a warning physiological system, chronic neuropathic pain is frequently caused by damage in the nervous system, followed by persistence over a long period, even in the absence of dangerous stimuli or after healing of injuries. Chronic neuropathic pain affects hundreds of millions of adults worldwide, creating a direct impact on quality of life. This pathology has been extensively characterized concerning its cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the endocannabinoid system (eCS) is widely recognized as pivotal in the development of chronic neuropathic pain. Scientific evidence has supported that phyto-, synthetic and endocannabinoids are efficient for pain management, while strong data arise from the therapeutic use of Cannabis-derived products. The use of medicinal Cannabis products is directed toward not only relieving symptoms of chronic pain, but also improving several aspects of patients’ welfare. Here, we review the involvement of eCS, along with other cellular and molecular elements, in chronic neuropathic pain pathology and how this system can be targeted for pain management.
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75
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Li L, Bai L, Yang K, Zhang J, Gao Y, Jiang M, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang X, Qiao Y, Xu JT. KDM6B epigenetically regulated-interleukin-6 expression in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury in male rats. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:265-282. [PMID: 34464689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) has been implicated as a coregulator in the expression of proinflammatory mediators, and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and arthritic pain. However, the role of KDM6B in neuropathic pain has yet to be studied. In the current study, the neuropathic pain was determined by assessing the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) following lumbar 5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in male rats. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assays were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that SNL led to a significant increase in KDM6B mRNA and protein in the ipsilateral L4/5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn; and this increase correlated a markedly reduction in the level of H3K27me3 methylation in the same tissue. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that the KDM6B expressed in myelinated A- and unmyelinated C-fibers in the DRG; and located in neuronal cells, astrocytes, and microglia in the dorsal horn. Behavioral data showed that SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were impaired by the treatment of prior to i.t. injection of GSK-J4, a specific inhibitor of KDM6B, or KDM6B siRNA. Both microinjection of AAV2-EGFP-KDM6B shRNA in the lumbar 5 dorsal horn and sciatic nerve, separately, alleviated the neuropathic pain following SNL. The established neuropathic pain was also partially attenuated by repeat i.t. injections of GSK-J4 or KDM6B siRNA, started on day 7 after SNL. SNL also resulted in a remarkable increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the DRG and dorsal horn. But this increase was dramatically inhibited by i.t. injection of GSK-J4 and KDM6B siRNA; and suppressed by prior to microinjection of AAV2-EGFP-KDM6B shRNA in the dorsal horn and sciatic nerve. Results of ChIP-PCR assay showed that SNL-induced enhanced binding of STAT3 with IL-6 promoter was inhibited by prior to i.t. injection of GSK-J4. Meanwhile, the level of H3K27me3 methylation was also decreased by the treatment. Together, our results indicate that SNL-induced upregulation of KDM6B via demethylating H3K27me3 facilitates the binding of STAT3 with IL-6 promoter, and subsequently mediated-increase in the expression of IL-6 in the DRG and dorsal horn contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Targeting KDM6B might a promising therapeutic strategy to treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kangli Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yiming Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ji-Tian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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76
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Iwai H, Ataka K, Suzuki H, Dhar A, Kuramoto E, Yamanaka A, Goto T. Tissue-resident M2 macrophages directly contact primary sensory neurons in the sensory ganglia after nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:227. [PMID: 34645458 PMCID: PMC8513227 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages in the peripheral nervous system are key players in the repair of nerve tissue and the development of neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. However, there is a lack of information on the origin and morphological features of macrophages in sensory ganglia after peripheral nerve injury, unlike those in the brain and spinal cord. We analyzed the origin and morphological features of sensory ganglionic macrophages after nerve ligation or transection using wild-type mice and mice with bone-marrow cell transplants. Methods After protecting the head of C57BL/6J mice with lead caps, they were irradiated and transplanted with bone-marrow-derived cells from GFP transgenic mice. The infraorbital nerve of a branch of the trigeminal nerve of wild-type mice was ligated or the infraorbital nerve of GFP-positive bone-marrow-cell-transplanted mice was transected. After immunostaining the trigeminal ganglion, the structures of the ganglionic macrophages, neurons, and satellite glial cells were analyzed using two-dimensional or three-dimensional images. Results The number of damaged neurons in the trigeminal ganglion increased from day 1 after infraorbital nerve ligation. Ganglionic macrophages proliferated from days 3 to 5. Furthermore, the numbers of macrophages increased from days 3 to 15. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages increased on day 7 after the infraorbital nerve was transected in the trigeminal ganglion of GFP-positive bone-marrow-cell-transplanted mice but most of the ganglionic macrophages were composed of tissue-resident cells. On day 7 after infraorbital nerve ligation, ganglionic macrophages increased in volume, extended their processes between the neurons and satellite glial cells, and contacted these neurons. Most of the ganglionic macrophages showed an M2 phenotype when contact was observed, and little neuronal cell death occurred. Conclusion Most of the macrophages that appear after a nerve injury are tissue-resident, and these make direct contact with damaged neurons that act in a tissue-protective manner in the M2 phenotype. These results imply that tissue-resident macrophages signal to neurons directly through physical contact. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02283-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Iwai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Koji Ataka
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ashis Dhar
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Eriko Kuramoto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Goto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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77
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Hayashi Y, Kato H, Nonaka K, Nakanishi H. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth attenuate mechanical allodynia in mice through distinct from the siglec-9/MCP-1-mediated tissue-repairing mechanism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20053. [PMID: 34625639 PMCID: PMC8501097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on mechanical allodynia were examined in mice. A single intravenous injection of SHED and conditioned medium from SHED (SHED-CM) through the left external jugular vein significantly reversed the established mechanical allodynia induced by spinal nerve transection at 6 days after injection. SHED or SHED-CM significantly decreased the mean numbers of activating transcription factor 3-positive neurons and macrophages in the ipsilateral side of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at 20 days after spinal nerve transection. SHED or SHED-CM also suppressed activation of microglia and astrocytes in the ipsilateral side of the dorsal spinal cord. A single intravenous injection of secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 had no effect on the established mechanical allodynia, whereas a single intravenous injection of protein component(s) contained in SHED-CM with molecular weight of between 30 and 50 kDa reversed the pain. Therefore, it may be concluded that protein component(s) with molecular mass of 30–50 kDa secreted by SHED could protect and/or repair DRG neurons damaged by nerve transection, thereby ameliorating mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan. .,Faculty of Dental Science, Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nonaka
- School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
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78
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Sensory Neuron TLR4 mediates the development of nerve-injury induced mechanical hypersensitivity in female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:42-60. [PMID: 34174335 PMCID: PMC8453057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have brought to light the necessity to discern sex-specific differences in various pain states and different cell-types that mediate these differences. These studies have uncovered the role of neuroimmune interactions to mediate pain states in a sex-specific fashion. While investigating immune function in pain development, we discovered that females utilize immune components of sensory neurons to mediate neuropathic pain development. We utilized two novel transgenic mouse models that eitherrestore expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inNav1.8 nociceptors on a TLR4-null background (TLR4LoxTB) or remove TLR4 specifically from Nav1.8 nociceptors (TLR4fl/fl). After spared nerve injury (SNI), a model of neuropathic injury, we observed a robust female-specific onset of mechanical hypersensitivity in our transgenic animals. Female Nav1.8-TLR4fl/fl knockout animals were less mechanically sensitive than cre-negative TLR4fl/fl littermates. Conversely, female Nav1.8-TLR4LoxTB reactivated animals were as mechanically sensitive as their wild-type counterparts. These sex and cell-specific effects were not recapitulated in male animals of either strain. Additionally, we find the danger associated molecular pattern, high mobility group box-1 (HGMB1), a potent TLR4 agonist, localization and ATF3 expression in females is dependent on TLR4 expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) populations following SNI. These experiments provide novel evidence toward sensory neuron specific modulation of pain in a sex-dependent manner.
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79
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Gushchina S, Yip PK, Parry GA, Sivakumar H, Li J, Liu M, Bo X. Alleviation of neuropathic pain by over-expressing a soluble colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor to suppress microgliosis and macrophage accumulation. Glia 2021; 69:2963-2980. [PMID: 34472629 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microglial proliferation and activation and macrophage accumulation are implicated in neuropathic pain development. In this study, we aim to suppress microgliosis and macrophage accumulation by over-expressing a non-functional soluble colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (sCSF1R) using an adeno-associated virus 9 vector (AAV9). AAV9/sCSF1R and the control vector AAV9/GFP were intrathecally administered into the lumbar spine of adult C57BL/6 mice. Two weeks later, these mice underwent partial sciatic nerve ligation to induce neuropathic pain. GFP and sCSF1R were highly expressed in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord of AAV9-injected mice. A significant increase in microglia densities in the dorsal and ventral horns of lumbar spinal cords and macrophage densities in DRG and sciatic nerves were observed in the mice with either ligation alone or pre-treated with AAV9/GFP. In nerve-ligated mice pre-treated with AAV9/sCSF1R the microglia densities in the dorsal and ventral horns and macrophage densities in DRG and sciatic nerves were significantly lower compared to nerve-ligated mice pre-treated with AAV9/GFP. Behavioral tests showed that nerve-ligated mice pre-treated with AAV9/sCSF1R had a significantly higher paw withdrawal threshold, indicating the alleviation of neuropathic pain. The results implicate that viral vector-mediated expression of sCSF1R may represent a novel strategy in the alleviation of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Gushchina
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Glesni A Parry
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Haripriya Sivakumar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jie Li
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Min Liu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xuenong Bo
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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80
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Cascella M, Del Gaudio A, Vittori A, Bimonte S, Del Prete P, Forte CA, Cuomo A, De Blasio E. COVID-Pain: Acute and Late-Onset Painful Clinical Manifestations in COVID-19 - Molecular Mechanisms and Research Perspectives. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2403-2412. [PMID: 34408485 PMCID: PMC8364364 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s313978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are predominant, signs and symptoms of an extra-pulmonary involvement are usually encompassed among the clinical picture of the disease. Several painful manifestations can occur during the acute phase but also as short- or long-term complications. Myalgia, joint pain, sore throat, abdominal pain, chest pain, and headache usually accompany respiratory symptoms, but they can also occur as isolated clinical findings or can be expressed regardless of the severity of COVID-19. On these premises, given the vast spectrum of clinical manifestations and the complexity of their pathogenesis, it would be more appropriate to refer to "COVID-pain", an umbrella term useful for encompassing all these clinical manifestations in a separate chapter of the disease. In this scenario, we addressed the topic from a molecular perspective, trying to provide explanations for the underlying pathophysiological processes. Consequently, this narrative review is aimed at dissecting the mechanisms of acute and chronic painful manifestations, summarizing fundamental concepts on the matter, controversies, current research gaps, and potential developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Alfredo Del Gaudio
- DSC Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, FG, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, ARCO, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Paola Del Prete
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Cira Antonietta Forte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Elvio De Blasio
- DSC Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, FG, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Emergency Unit for COVID-19 Campania, Naples, 80100, Italy
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81
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Gregus AM, Levine IS, Eddinger KA, Yaksh TL, Buczynski MW. Sex differences in neuroimmune and glial mechanisms of pain. Pain 2021; 162:2186-2200. [PMID: 34256379 PMCID: PMC8277970 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is the primary motivation for seeking medical care. Although pain may subside as inflammation resolves or an injury heals, it is increasingly evident that persistency of the pain state can occur with significant regularity. Chronic pain requires aggressive management to minimize its physiological consequences and diminish its impact on quality of life. Although opioids commonly are prescribed for intractable pain, concerns regarding reduced efficacy, as well as risks of tolerance and dependence, misuse, diversion, and overdose mortality rates limit their utility. Advances in development of nonopioid interventions hinge on our appreciation of underlying mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity. For instance, the contributory role of immunity and the associated presence of autoimmune syndromes has become of particular interest. Males and females exhibit fundamental differences in innate and adaptive immune responses, some of which are present throughout life, whereas others manifest with reproductive maturation. In general, the incidence of chronic pain conditions, particularly those with likely autoimmune covariates, is significantly higher in women. Accordingly, evidence is now accruing in support of neuroimmune interactions driving sex differences in the development and maintenance of pain hypersensitivity and chronicity. This review highlights known sexual dimorphisms of neuroimmune signaling in pain states modeled in rodents, which may yield potential high-value sex-specific targets to inform future analgesic drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ian S Levine
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Tony L Yaksh
- Departments of Anesthesiology and
- Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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82
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Huang L, Jin J, Chen K, You S, Zhang H, Sideris A, Norcini M, Recio-Pinto E, Wang J, Gan WB, Yang G. BDNF produced by cerebral microglia promotes cortical plasticity and pain hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001337. [PMID: 34292944 PMCID: PMC8346290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury–induced mechanical allodynia is often accompanied by abnormalities in the higher cortical regions, yet the mechanisms underlying such maladaptive cortical plasticity remain unclear. Here, we show that in male mice, structural and functional changes in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) caused by peripheral nerve injury require neuron-microglial signaling within the local circuit. Following peripheral nerve injury, microglia in the S1 maintain ramified morphology and normal density but up-regulate the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Using in vivo two-photon imaging and Cx3cr1CreER;Bdnfflox mice, we show that conditional knockout of BDNF from microglia prevents nerve injury–induced synaptic remodeling and pyramidal neuron hyperactivity in the S1, as well as pain hypersensitivity in mice. Importantly, S1-targeted removal of microglial BDNF largely recapitulates the beneficial effects of systemic BDNF depletion on cortical plasticity and allodynia. Together, these findings reveal a pivotal role of cerebral microglial BDNF in somatosensory cortical plasticity and pain hypersensitivity. This study reveals that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from cerebral microglia contributes to nerve injury-induced synaptic remodeling and neuronal hyperactivity, and ultimately contributes to pain sensitivity in mice; removal of microglial BDNF has beneficial effects on cortical plasticity and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (LH); (GY)
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sikun You
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Alexandra Sideris
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Monica Norcini
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Esperanza Recio-Pinto
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wen-Biao Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LH); (GY)
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83
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Shinoda M, Imamura Y, Hayashi Y, Noma N, Okada-Ogawa A, Hitomi S, Iwata K. Orofacial Neuropathic Pain-Basic Research and Their Clinical Relevancies. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:691396. [PMID: 34295221 PMCID: PMC8291146 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.691396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal nerve injury is known to cause severe persistent pain in the orofacial region. This pain is difficult to diagnose and treat. Recently, many animal studies have reported that rewiring of the peripheral and central nervous systems, non-neuronal cell activation, and up- and down-regulation of various molecules in non-neuronal cells are involved in the development of this pain following trigeminal nerve injury. However, there are many unknown mechanisms underlying the persistent orofacial pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury. In this review, we address recent animal data regarding the involvement of various molecules in the communication of neuronal and non-neuronal cells and examine the possible involvement of ascending pathways in processing pathological orofacial pain. We also address the clinical observations of persistent orofacial pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury and clinical approaches to their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Imamura
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Noma
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Okada-Ogawa
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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84
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Peng J, Yi MH, Jeong H, McEwan PP, Zheng J, Wu G, Ganatra S, Ren Y, Richardson JR, Oh SB, Wu LJ. The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 promotes microglia-astrocyte communication and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Mol Brain 2021; 14:99. [PMID: 34183051 PMCID: PMC8240390 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of spinal cord microglia contributes to the development of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial function in neuropathic pain are not fully understood. We identified that the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1, which is functionally expressed in spinal microglia, was significantly increased after spinal nerve transection (SNT). Hv1 mediated voltage-gated proton currents in spinal microglia and mice lacking Hv1 (Hv1 KO) display attenuated pain hypersensitivities after SNT compared with wildtype (WT) mice. In addition, microglial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent astrocyte activation in the spinal cord was reduced in Hv1 KO mice after SNT. Cytokine screening and immunostaining further revealed that IFN-γ expression was compromised in spinal astrocytes in Hv1 KO mice. These results demonstrate that Hv1 proton channel contributes to microglial ROS production, astrocyte activation, IFN-γ upregulation, and subsequent pain hypersensitivities after SNT. This study suggests Hv1-dependent microglia-astrocyte communication in pain hypersensitivities and identifies Hv1 as a novel therapeutic target for alleviating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Min-Hee Yi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Heejin Jeong
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Gongxiong Wu
- One Harvard Street Institute of Health, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Shashank Ganatra
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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85
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Tao X, Luo X, Zhang T, Hershey B, Esteller R, Ji RR. Spinal Cord Stimulation Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia and Increases Central Resolvin D1 Levels in Rats With Spared Nerve Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687046. [PMID: 34248674 PMCID: PMC8267572 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence from animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain suggests that inflammation regulates the resolution of pain by producing specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvin D1 (RvD1). However, it remains unclear how SPMs are induced in the central nervous system and whether these mechanisms can be reconciled with outcomes of neuromodulation therapies for pain, such as spinal cord stimulation. Here, we show that in a male rat model of neuropathic pain produced by spared nerve injury (SNI), 1 kHz spinal cord stimulation (1 kHz SCS) alone was sufficient to reduce mechanical allodynia and increase RvD1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). SNI resulted in robust and persistent mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia. Spinal cord electrode implantation was conducted at the T11-T13 vertebral level 1 week after SNI. The spinal locations of the implanted electrodes were validated by X-Ray radiography. 1 kHz SCS was applied for 6 h at 0.1 ms pulse-width, and this stimulation alone was sufficient to effectively reduce nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia during stimulation without affecting SNI-induced cold allodynia. SCS alone significantly reduced interleukin-1β levels in both serum and CSF samples. Strikingly, SCS significantly increased RvD1 levels in the CSF but not serum. Finally, intrathecal injection of RvD1 (100 and 500 ng, i.t.) 4 weeks after nerve injury reduced SNI-induced mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that 1 kHz SCS may alleviate neuropathic pain via reduction of IL-1β and via production and/or release of RvD1 to control SNI-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Tao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tianhe Zhang
- Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Research and Advanced Concepts, Valencia, CA, United States
| | - Brad Hershey
- Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Research and Advanced Concepts, Valencia, CA, United States
| | - Rosana Esteller
- Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Research and Advanced Concepts, Valencia, CA, United States
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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86
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Inyang KE, Folger JK, Laumet G. Can FDA-Approved Immunomodulatory Drugs be Repurposed/Repositioned to Alleviate Chronic Pain? J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:531-547. [PMID: 34041656 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pain is among the most widespread chronic health condition confronting society today and our inability to manage chronic pain contributes to the opioid abuse epidemic in America. The immune system is known to contribute to acute and chronic pain, but only limited therapeutic treatments such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs have resulted from this knowledge. The last decade has shed light on neuro-immune interactions mediating the development, maintenance, and resolution of chronic pain. Here, we do not aim to perform a comprehensive review of all immune mechanisms involved in chronic pain, but to briefly review the contribution of the main cytokines and immune cells (macrophages, microglia, mast cells and T cells) to chronic pain. Given the urgent need to address the Pain crisis, we provocatively propose to repurpose/reposition FDA-approved immunomodulatory drugs for their potential to alleviate chronic pain. Repositioning or repurposing offers an attractive way to accelerate the arrival of new analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph K Folger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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87
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Kankowski S, Grothe C, Haastert-Talini K. Neuropathic pain: Spotlighting anatomy, experimental models, mechanisms, and therapeutic aspects. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4475-4496. [PMID: 33942412 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The International Association for the Study of Pain defines neuropathic pain as "pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system". The associated changes can be observed in the peripheral as well as the central nervous system. The available literature discusses a wide variety of causes as predisposing for the development and amplification of neuropathic pain. Further, key interactions within sensory pathways have been discovered, but no common molecular mechanism leading to neuropathic pain has been identified until now. In the first part of this review, the pain mediating lateral spinothalamic tract is described. Different in vivo models are presented that allow studying trauma-, chemotherapy-, virus-, and diabetes-induced neuropathic pain in rodents. We furthermore discuss approaches to assess neuropathic pain in these models. Second, the current knowledge about cellular and molecular mechanisms suggested to underlie the development of neuropathic pain is presented and discussed. A summary of established therapies that are already applied in the clinic and novel, promising approaches closes the paper. In conclusion, the established animal models are able to emulate the diversity of neuropathic pain observed in the clinics. However, the assessment of neuropathic pain in the presented in vivo models should be improved. The determination of common molecular markers with suitable in vitro models would simplify the assessment of neuropathic pain in vivo. This would furthermore provide insights into common molecular mechanisms of the disease and establish a basis to search for satisfying therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kankowski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZNS) Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZNS) Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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88
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Carbenoxolone has the potential to ameliorate acute incision pain in rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:520. [PMID: 34013377 PMCID: PMC8160483 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbenoxolone (CBX) is primarily used to relieve various types of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. However, little is known concerning the role of CBX in acute pain and its functional mechanisms therein and this was investigated in the present study. Rats underwent toe incision and behavioral tests were performed to assess mechanical hypersensitivity. The expression levels of pannexin 1 (Px1) and connexin 43 (Cx43) were detected using western blot analysis 2, 4, 6 or 24 h after toe incision, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and P substance (SP) was determined by ELISA; Px1 and Cx43 expression was also examined by immunofluorescence staining. At 2, 6 and 12 h post-toe incision, the postoperative pain threshold was significantly reduced, which was subsequently recovered at 2 and 6 h post-surgery following pretreatment with CBX or pannexin 1 mimetic inhibitory peptide. CBX reduced Px1 levels at 4 and 24 h post-incision. However, Cx43 levels were reduced by CBX as little as 2 h post-surgery. Furthermore, CBX not only distinctly decreased the levels of Px1 and Cx43, but also reduced the co-localization of Px1 or Cx43 with glial fibrillary acidic protein, 2 h after incision. It was also observed that the protein levels of inflammatory makers (IL-1β, SP and TNF-α) showed a tendency to decline at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after incision. Collectively, the expression of Px1 and Cx43 in astrocytes may be involved in pain behaviors diminished by CBX, and CBX potentially reduces acute pain by decreasing Px1 and Cx43 levels. Px1 and Cx43 from spinal astrocytes may serve important roles in the early stages and maintenance of acute pain, while preoperative injection of CBX has the potential to relieve hyperalgesia.
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89
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Kwankaew N, Okuda H, Aye-Mon A, Ishikawa T, Hori K, Sonthi P, Kozakai Y, Ozaki N. Antihypersensitivity effect of betanin (red beetroot extract) via modulation of microglial activation in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1788-1803. [PMID: 33961320 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NeP) medications have several side effects that affect NeP patients' quality of life. Betanin, the most common betacyanin pigment, has been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo; thus, it has potential as a healthcare treatment. In this study, we focused on betanin (red beetroot extract) as a potential therapy for NeP. METHODS Mice model of NeP were made by chronic constriction injury (CCI), and the development of mechanical hypersensitivity was confirmed using the von Frey test. Motor coordination and locomotor activity were assessed using open field tests and rotarod tests, respectively. The expression level of glial markers in the spinal cords was analyzed by immunostaining. The direct effects of betanin on microglial cells were investigated using primary cultured microglial cells. RESULTS In CCI model mice, repeated betanin treatment, both intraperitoneally and orally, attenuated developing mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner without impairing motor coordination. Betanin treatment also attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity that had developed and prevented the onset of mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI mice. Microglial activation in the spinal cord is known to play a key role in the development of NeP; betanin treatment reduced CCI-induced microglial activation in the spinal cord of model mice. Moreover, in primary microglia cultured cells, the activation of microglia by lipopolysaccharide application was suppressed by betanin treatment. CONCLUSION Betanin treatment appears to ameliorate mechanical hypersensitivity related to CCI-induced NeP in mice by inhibiting microglial activation. SIGNIFICANCE This article supports findings of the effect of betanin on NeP and provides a potential therapeutic candidate for NeP. Furthermore, elucidating the underlying mechanism of the effect of betanin on microglial activation could assist the development of new treatments for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichakarn Kwankaew
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Aye Aye-Mon
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine (1), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Phattarapon Sonthi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yu Kozakai
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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90
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Role of microglia and P2X4 receptors in chronic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e864. [PMID: 33981920 PMCID: PMC8108579 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study summarizes current understanding of the role of microglia and P2X4 receptor in chronic pain including neuropathic pain and of their therapeutic potential. Pain plays an indispensable role as an alarm system to protect us from dangers or injuries. However, neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition caused by damage to the nervous system, persists for a long period even in the absence of dangerous stimuli or after injuries have healed. In this condition, pain becomes a disease itself rather than the alarm system and is often resistant to currently available medications. A growing body of evidence indicates that microglia, a type of macrophages residing in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Whenever microglia in the spinal cord detect a damaging signal within the nervous system, they become activated and cause diverse alterations that change neural excitability, leading to the development of neuropathic pain. For over a decade, several lines of molecular and cellular mechanisms that define microglial activation and subsequently altered pain transmission have been proposed. In particular, P2X4 receptors (a subtype of purinergic receptors) expressed by microglia have been investigated as an essential molecule for neuropathic pain. In this review article, we describe our understanding of the mechanisms by which activated microglia cause neuropathic pain through P2X4 receptors, their involvement in several pathological contexts, and recent efforts to develop new drugs targeting microglia and P2X4 receptors.
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91
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Contribution of colony-stimulating factor 1 to neuropathic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e883. [PMID: 33981926 PMCID: PMC8108585 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and cellular interactions among spinal dorsal horn neurons and microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, contribute to the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Emerging evidence also demonstrates that reciprocal interactions between macrophages and nociceptive sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion contribute to the initiation and persistence of nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia). We previously reported that sensory neuron-derived colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), by engaging the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) that is expressed by both microglia and macrophages, triggers the nerve injury-induced expansion of both resident microglia in the spinal cord and macrophages in the dorsal root ganglion and induces their respective contributions to the neuropathic pain phenotype. Here, we review recent research and discuss unanswered questions regarding CSF1/CSF1R-mediated microglial and macrophage signaling in the generation of neuropathic pain.
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92
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Wan Y, Feng B, You Y, Yu J, Xu C, Dai H, Trapp BD, Shi P, Chen Z, Hu W. Microglial Displacement of GABAergic Synapses Is a Protective Event during Complex Febrile Seizures. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108346. [PMID: 33147450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex febrile seizures (FSs) lead to a high risk of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy during adulthood, yet the pathological process of complex FSs is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that activated microglia extensively associated with glutamatergic neuronal soma displace surrounding GABAergic presynapses in complex FSs. Patch-clamp electrophysiology establishes that the microglial displacement of GABAergic presynapses abrogates a complex-FS-induced increase in GABAergic neurotransmission and neuronal excitability, whereas GABA exerts an excitatory action in this immature stage. Pharmacological inhibition of microglial displacement of GABAergic presynapses or selective ablation of microglia in CD11bDTR mice promotes the generation of complex FSs. Blocking or deleting the P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) reduces microglial displacement of GABAergic presynapses and shortens the latency of complex FSs. Together, microglial displacement of GABAergic presynapses, regulated by P2Y12R, reduces neuronal excitability to mitigate the generation of complex FSs. Microglial displacement is a protective event during the pathological process of complex FSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi You
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease in Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease in Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China.
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93
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Nobs SP, Kopf M. Tissue-resident macrophages: guardians of organ homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:495-507. [PMID: 33972166 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (MTR) have recently emerged as a key rheostat capable of regulating the balance between organ health and disease. In most organs, ontogenetically and functionally distinct macrophage subsets fulfill a plethora of functions specific to their tissue environment. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the ontogeny and functions of macrophage populations in different mammalian tissues, describing how these cells regulate tissue homeostasis and how they can contribute to inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight new developments concerning certain general principles of tissue macrophage biology, including the importance of metabolism for understanding macrophage activation states and the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on macrophage metabolic control. We also shed light on certain open questions in the field and how answering these might pave the way for tissue-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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94
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Kim HW, Won CH, Oh SB. Lack of correlation between spinal microgliosis and long-term development of tactile hypersensitivity in two different sciatic nerve crush injury. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211011326. [PMID: 33906495 PMCID: PMC8108074 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211011326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation following peripheral nerve injury has been shown to contribute to central sensitization of the spinal cord for the development of neuropathic pain. In a recent study, we reported that the amount of nerve damage does not necessarily correlate with chronic pain development. Here we compared the response of spinal microglia, using immunohistochemistry as a surrogate of microglial activation, in mice with two different types of crush injury of the sciatic nerve. We confirmed that incomplete crush of the sciatic nerve (partial crush injury, PCI) resulted in tactile hypersensitivity after the recovery of sensory function (15 days after surgery), whereas the hypersensitivity was not observed after the complete crush (full crush injury, FCI). We observed that immunoreactivity for Iba-1, a microglial marker, was greater in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of lumbar (L4) spinal cord of mice 2 days after FCI compared to PCI, positively correlating with the intensity of crush injury. Ipsilateral Iba-1 reactivity was comparable between injuries at 7 days with a significant increase compared to the contralateral side. By day 15 after injury, ipsilateral Iba-1 immunoreactivity was much reduced compared to day 7 and was not different between the groups. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the early microgliosis is dependent on injury severity, but does not necessarily correlate with the long-term development of chronic pain-like hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Won
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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95
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Temporal Contribution of Myeloid-Lineage TLR4 to the Transition to Chronic Pain: A Focus on Sex Differences. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4349-4365. [PMID: 33846230 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1940-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain disorder with a clear acute-to-chronic transition. Preclinical studies demonstrate that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), expressed by myeloid-lineage cells, astrocytes, and neurons, mediates a sex-dependent transition to chronic pain; however, evidence is lacking on which exact TLR4-expressing cells are responsible. We used complementary pharmacologic and transgenic approaches in mice to more specifically manipulate myeloid-lineage TLR4 and outline its contribution to the transition from acute-to-chronic CRPS based on three key variables: location (peripheral vs central), timing (prevention vs treatment), and sex (male vs female). We demonstrate that systemic TLR4 antagonism is more effective at improving chronic allodynia trajectory when administered at the time of injury (early) in the tibial fracture model of CRPS in both sexes. In order to clarify the contribution of myeloid-lineage cells peripherally (macrophages) or centrally (microglia), we rigorously characterize a novel spatiotemporal transgenic mouse line, Cx3CR1-CreERT2-eYFP;TLR4fl/fl (TLR4 cKO) to specifically knock out TLR4 only in microglia and no other myeloid-lineage cells. Using this transgenic mouse, we find that early TLR4 cKO results in profound improvement in chronic, but not acute, allodynia in males, with a significant but less robust effect in females. In contrast, late TLR4 cKO results in partial improvement in allodynia in both sexes, suggesting that downstream cellular or molecular TLR4-independent events may have already been triggered. Overall, we find that the contribution of TLR4 is time- and microglia-dependent in both sexes; however, females also rely on peripheral myeloid-lineage (or other TLR4 expressing) cells to trigger chronic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The contribution of myeloid cell TLR4 to sex-specific pain progression remains controversial. We used complementary pharmacologic and transgenic approaches to specifically manipulate TLR4 based on three key variables: location (peripheral vs central), timing (prevention vs treatment), and sex (male vs female). We discovered that microglial TLR4 contributes to early pain progression in males, and to a lesser extent in females. We further found that maintenance of chronic pain likely occurs through myeloid TLR4-independent mechanisms in both sexes. Together, we define a more nuanced contribution of this receptor to the acute-to-chronic pain transition in a mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome.
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96
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Yin N, Yan E, Duan W, Mao C, Fei Q, Yang C, Hu Y, Xu X. The role of microglia in chronic pain and depression: innocent bystander or culprit? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:949-958. [PMID: 33544194 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows that chronic pain and depression often accompany each other, but the underlying pathogenesis of comorbid chronic pain and depression remains mostly undetermined. Biotechnology is gradually revealing the phenotype and function of microglia, with great progress regarding microglia's role in neurodegeneration, depression, chronic pain, and other conditions. This article summarizes the role of microglia in chronic pain, depression, and comorbidities, which is conducive to finding new targets to treat chronic pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Enshi Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenbin Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Changyuan Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Qin Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Changzhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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97
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Sharma K, Bisht K, Eyo UB. A Comparative Biology of Microglia Across Species. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652748. [PMID: 33869210 PMCID: PMC8047420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are unique brain-resident, myeloid cells. They have received growing interest for their implication in an increasing number of neurodevelopmental, acute injury, and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Fate-mapping studies establish microglial ontogeny from the periphery during development, while recent transcriptomic studies highlight microglial identity as distinct from other CNS cells and peripheral myeloid cells. This evidence for a unique microglial ontogeny and identity raises questions regarding their identity and functions across species. This review will examine the available evidence for microglia in invertebrate and vertebrate species to clarify similarities and differences in microglial identity, ontogeny, and physiology across species. This discussion highlights conserved and divergent microglial properties through evolution. Finally, we suggest several interesting research directions from an evolutionary perspective to adequately understand the significance of microglia emergence. A proper appreciation of microglia from this perspective could inform the development of specific therapies geared at targeting microglia in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Sharma
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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98
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De Logu F, Marini M, Landini L, Souza Monteiro de Araujo D, Bartalucci N, Trevisan G, Bruno G, Marangoni M, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW, Geppetti P, Nassini R. Peripheral Nerve Resident Macrophages and Schwann Cells Mediate Cancer-Induced Pain. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3387-3401. [PMID: 33771895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although macrophages (MΦ) are known to play a central role in neuropathic pain, their contribution to cancer pain has not been established. Here we report that depletion of sciatic nerve resident MΦs (rMΦ) in mice attenuates mechanical/cold hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain evoked by intraplantar injection of melanoma or lung carcinoma cells. MΦ-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) was upregulated in the sciatic nerve trunk and mediated cancer-evoked pain via rMΦ expansion, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation, and oxidative stress. Targeted deletion of Trpa1 revealed a key role for Schwann cell TRPA1 in sciatic nerve rMΦ expansion and pain-like behaviors. Depletion of rMΦs in a medial portion of the sciatic nerve prevented pain-like behaviors. Collectively, we identified a feed-forward pathway involving M-CSF, rMΦ, oxidative stress, and Schwann cell TRPA1 that operates throughout the nerve trunk to signal cancer-evoked pain. SIGNIFICANCE: Schwann cell TRPA1 sustains cancer pain through release of M-CSF and oxidative stress, which promote the expansion and the proalgesic actions of intraneural macrophages. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/12/3387/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matilde Marini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gennaro Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Marangoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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99
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Yoshiyama Y, Sugiyama Y, Ishida K, Fuseya S, Tanaka S, Kawamata M. Plantar incision with severe muscle injury can be a cause of long-lasting postsurgical pain in the skin. Life Sci 2021; 275:119389. [PMID: 33774031 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although chronic local inflammation in deeper tissues after skin wound healing might produce chronification of acute postsurgical pain, its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that muscle injury and severe inflammation would prolong acute postsurgical pain by its central nervous system mechanisms. MAIN METHODS After approval of the Animal Care Committee, experiments were performed in Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g. Plantar incision and plantar incision combined with cryoinjury of the plantar flexor digitorum brevis muscle were made in the plantar incision group and muscle injury group, respectively. Pain-related behaviors were assessed, and inflammatory cells were isolated from injured muscle and analyzed by flow cytometry. Spinal microglial activation was assessed with Iba-1 staining. KEY FINDINGS Mechanical hyperalgesia from day 5 to day 8 and spontaneous pain-related behavior from day 3 to day 7 were significantly greater in the muscle injury group than in the plantar incision group (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups in thermal hyperalgesia. In the muscle injury group, the number of inflammatory cells on day 4 was significantly larger and spinal Iba-1 expression levels on days 4 and 7 were significantly higher than those in the plantar incision group (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Surgical injury in deep tissues accompanying severe muscle inflammation induced prolonged postsurgical pain in the healing wound of the skin not by the persistence of muscle inflammation but by a central mechanism involving microglial activation at the level of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Ishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fuseya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mikito Kawamata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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100
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Yi MH, Liu YU, Umpierre AD, Chen T, Ying Y, Zheng J, Dheer A, Bosco DB, Dong H, Wu LJ. Optogenetic activation of spinal microglia triggers chronic pain in mice. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001154. [PMID: 33739978 PMCID: PMC8011727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal microglia are highly responsive to peripheral nerve injury and are known to be a key player in pain. However, there has not been direct evidence showing that selective microglial activation in vivo is sufficient to induce chronic pain. Here, we used optogenetic approaches in microglia to address this question employing CX3CR1creER/+: R26LSL-ReaChR/+ transgenic mice, in which red-activated channelrhodopsin (ReaChR) is inducibly and specifically expressed in microglia. We found that activation of ReaChR by red light in spinal microglia evoked reliable inward currents and membrane depolarization. In vivo optogenetic activation of microglial ReaChR in the spinal cord triggered chronic pain hypersensitivity in both male and female mice. In addition, activation of microglial ReaChR up-regulated neuronal c-Fos expression and enhanced C-fiber responses. Mechanistically, ReaChR activation led to a reactive microglial phenotype with increased interleukin (IL)-1β production, which is likely mediated by inflammasome activation and calcium elevation. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was able to reverse the pain hypersensitivity and neuronal hyperactivity induced by microglial ReaChR activation. Therefore, our work demonstrates that optogenetic activation of spinal microglia is sufficient to trigger chronic pain phenotypes by increasing neuronal activity via IL-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Yi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yong U. Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Umpierre
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tingjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yanlu Ying
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dale B. Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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