51
|
Migocka M, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Małas K, Posyniak E, Garbiec A. Metal tolerance protein MTP6 affects mitochondrial iron and manganese homeostasis in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:285-300. [PMID: 30304441 PMCID: PMC6305187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family have been identified in all kingdoms of life. They have been divided into three subgroups, namely Zn-CDF, Fe/Zn-CDF, and Mn-CDF, based on their putative specificity to transported metal ions. The plant metal tolerance protein 6 (MTP6) proteins fall into the Fe/Zn-CDF subgroup; however, their function in iron/zinc transport has not yet been confirmed. Here, we characterized the MTP6 protein from cucumber, Cucumis sativus. When expressed in yeast and in protoplasts isolated from Arabidopsis cells, CsMTP6 localized in mitochondria and contributed to the efflux of Fe and Mn from these organelles. Immunolocalization of CsMTP6 in cucumber membranes confirmed this association with mitochondria. Root expression and protein levels of CsMTP6 were significantly up-regulated in conditions of Fe deficiency and excess, but were not affected by Mn availability. These results indicate that MTP6 proteins contribute to the distribution of Fe and Mn between the cytosol and mitochondria of plant cells, and are regulated by Fe to maintain mitochondrial and cytosolic iron homeostasis under varying conditions of Fe availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Migocka
- University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Kanonia, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska
- University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Kanonia, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Małas
- University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Kanonia, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Posyniak
- University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Sienkiewicza, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arnold Garbiec
- University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Sienkiewicza, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Kawakami Y, Bhullar NK. Molecular processes in iron and zinc homeostasis and their modulation for biofortification in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1181-1198. [PMID: 30468300 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
More than a billion people suffer from iron or zinc deficiencies globally. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) iron and zinc biofortification; i.e., intrinsic iron and zinc enrichment of rice grains, is considered the most effective way to tackle these deficiencies. However, rice iron biofortification, by means of conventional breeding, proves difficult due to lack of sufficient genetic variation. Meanwhile, genetic engineering has led to a significant increase in the iron concentration along with zinc concentration in rice grains. The design of impactful genetic engineering biofortification strategies relies upon vast scientific knowledge of precise functions of different genes involved in iron and zinc uptake, translocation and storage. In this review, we present an overview of molecular processes controlling iron and zinc homeostasis in rice. Further, the genetic engineering approaches adopted so far to increase the iron and zinc concentrations in polished rice grains are discussed in detail, highlighting the limitations and/or success of individual strategies. Recent insight suggests that a few genetic engineering strategies are commonly utilized for elevating iron and zinc concentrations in different genetic backgrounds, and thus, it is of great importance to accumulate scientific evidence for diverse genetic engineering strategies to expand the pool of options for biofortifying farmer-preferred cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kawakami
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Navreet K Bhullar
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhang C, Shinwari KI, Luo L, Zheng L. OsYSL13 Is Involved in Iron Distribution in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3537. [PMID: 30423990 PMCID: PMC6274735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake and transport of iron (Fe) in plants are both important for plant growth and human health. However, little is known about the mechanism of Fe transport in plants, especially for crops. In the present study, the function of yellow stripe-like 13 (YSL13) in rice was analyzed. OsYSL13 was highly expressed in leaves, especially in leaf blades, whereas its expression was induced by Fe deficiency both in roots and shoots. Furthermore, the expression level of OsYSL13 was higher in older leaves than that in younger leaves. OsYSL13 was located in the plasma membrane. Metal measurement revealed that Fe concentrations were lower in the youngest leaf and higher in the older leaves of the osysl13 mutant under both Fe sufficiency and deficiency conditions, compared with the wild type and two complementation lines. Moreover, the Fe concentrations in the brown rice and seeds of the osysl13 mutant were also reduced. Opposite results were found in OsYSL13 overexpression lines. These results suggest that OsYSL13 is involved in Fe distribution in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | | | - Le Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Luqing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Migocka M, Małas K, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Papierniak A, Posyniak E, Garbiec A. Cucumber metal tolerance protein 7 (CsMTP7) is involved in the accumulation of Fe in mitochondria under Fe excess. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:988-1003. [PMID: 29932267 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant metal tolerance protein family (MTP) includes 12 members that have been classified into three phylogenetically different subgroups - Zn-cation diffusion facilitator (CDF), Fe/Zn-CDF and Mn-CDF - based on their putative metal specificity. To date, only members belonging to the Zn-CDF or Mn-CDF group have been characterized functionally. The plant Fe/Zn-CDF subgroup includes two proteins, MTP6 and MTP7, but their function and metal specificity have not been confirmed. In this study we showed that cucumber CsMTP7 is a highly specific mitochondrial Fe importer that is able to confer yeast tolerance to Fe excess through increased accumulation of Fe in the mitochondria. We also demonstrated that CsMTP7 contributes to the increased accumulation of Fe in the mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. The transcripts and mitochondrial levels of CsMTP7 and ferritin - the iron-storing protein - are significantly increased in cucumber roots in response to Fe excess. This finding suggests that CsMTP7 and ferritin work in concert to accumulate Fe in plant mitochondria. As genes that encode orthologous proteins have been identified in phylogenetically distant organisms, including Archaea, cyanobacteria, humans and plants, but not in yeast, we concluded that the MTP7-mediated mitochondrial Fe accumulation may be conserved in the species, and express mitochondrial ferritin for mitochondrial Fe storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Migocka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Małas
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Papierniak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Posyniak
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arnold Garbiec
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ishimaru Y, Hayashi K, Suzuki T, Fukaki H, Prusinska J, Meester C, Quareshy M, Egoshi S, Matsuura H, Takahashi K, Kato N, Kombrink E, Napier RM, Hayashi KI, Ueda M. Jasmonic Acid Inhibits Auxin-Induced Lateral Rooting Independently of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 Receptor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1704-1716. [PMID: 29934297 PMCID: PMC6084677 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant root systems are indispensable for water uptake, nutrient acquisition, and anchoring plants in the soil. Previous studies using auxin inhibitors definitively established that auxin plays a central role regulating root growth and development. Most auxin inhibitors affect all auxin signaling at the same time, which obscures an understanding of individual events. Here, we report that jasmonic acid (JA) functions as a lateral root (LR)-preferential auxin inhibitor in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in a manner that is independent of the JA receptor, CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1). Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis with either (-)-JA or (+)-JA reduced primary root length and LR number; the reduction of LR number was also observed in coi1 mutants. Treatment of seedlings with (-)-JA or (+)-JA suppressed auxin-inducible genes related to LR formation, diminished accumulation of the auxin reporter DR5::GUS, and inhibited auxin-dependent DII-VENUS degradation. A structural mimic of (-)-JA and (+)-coronafacic acid also inhibited LR formation and stabilized DII-VENUS protein. COI1-independent activity was retained in the double mutant of transport inhibitor response1 and auxin signaling f-box protein2 (tir1 afb2) but reduced in the afb5 single mutant. These results reveal JAs and (+)-coronafacic acid to be selective counter-auxins, a finding that could lead to new approaches for studying the mechanisms of LR formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kengo Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Justyna Prusinska
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwickshire CV4 7AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Meester
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mussa Quareshy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwickshire CV4 7AS, United Kingdom
| | - Syusuke Egoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kosaku Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Erich Kombrink
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard M Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwickshire CV4 7AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Bastow EL, Garcia de la Torre VS, Maclean AE, Green RT, Merlot S, Thomine S, Balk J. Vacuolar Iron Stores Gated by NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 Are the Primary Source of Iron in Germinating Seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1267-1276. [PMID: 29784767 PMCID: PMC6052989 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During seed germination, iron (Fe) stored in vacuoles is exported by the redundant NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 transporter proteins. A double nramp3 nramp4 mutant is unable to mobilize Fe stores and does not develop in the absence of external Fe. We used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in nramp3 nramp4 and wild type during germination and early seedling development. Even though sufficient Fe was supplied, the Fe-responsive transcription factors bHLH38, 39, 100, and 101 and their downstream targets FRO2 and IRT1 mediating Fe uptake were strongly upregulated in the nramp3 nramp4 mutant. Activation of the Fe deficiency response was confirmed by increased ferric chelate reductase activity in the mutant. At early stages, genes important for chloroplast redox control (FSD1 and SAPX), Fe homeostasis (FER1 and SUFB), and chlorophyll metabolism (HEMA1 and NYC1) were downregulated, indicating limited Fe availability in plastids. In contrast, expression of FRO3, encoding a ferric reductase involved in Fe import into the mitochondria, was maintained, and Fe-dependent enzymes in the mitochondria were unaffected in nramp3 nramp4 Together, these data show that a failure to mobilize Fe stores during germination triggered Fe deficiency responses and strongly affected plastids, but not mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bastow
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Vanesa S Garcia de la Torre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | | | | | - Sylvain Merlot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sebastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Janneke Balk
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Muhammad I, Jing XQ, Shalmani A, Ali M, Yi S, Gan PF, Li WQ, Liu WT, Chen KM. Comparative in Silico Analysis of Ferric Reduction Oxidase (FRO) Genes Expression Patterns in Response to Abiotic Stresses, Metal and Hormone Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051163. [PMID: 29757203 PMCID: PMC6099960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferric reduction oxidase (FRO) gene family is involved in various biological processes widely found in plants and may play an essential role in metal homeostasis, tolerance and intricate signaling networks in response to a number of abiotic stresses. Our study describes the identification, characterization and evolutionary relationships of FRO genes families. Here, total 50 FRO genes in Plantae and 15 ‘FRO like’ genes in non-Plantae were retrieved from 16 different species. The entire FRO genes have been divided into seven clades according to close similarity in biological and functional behavior. Three conserved domains were common in FRO genes while in two FROs sub genome have an extra NADPH-Ox domain, separating the function of plant FROs. OsFRO1 and OsFRO7 genes were expressed constitutively in rice plant. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of OsFRO1 was high in flag leaf, and OsFRO7 gene expression was maximum in leaf blade and flag leaf. Both genes showed vigorous expressions level in response to different abiotic and hormones treatments. Moreover, the expression of both genes was also substantial under heavy metal stresses. OsFRO1 gene expression was triggered following 6 h under Zn, Pb, Co and Ni treatments, whereas OsFRO7 gene expression under Fe, Pb and Ni after 12 h, Zn and Cr after 6 h, and Mn and Co after 3 h treatments. These findings suggest the possible involvement of both the genes under abiotic and metal stress and the regulation of phytohormones. Therefore, our current work may provide the foundation for further functional characterization of rice FRO genes family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiu-Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Andresen E, Peiter E, Küpper H. Trace metal metabolism in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:909-954. [PMID: 29447378 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many trace metals are essential micronutrients, but also potent toxins. Due to natural and anthropogenic causes, vastly different trace metal concentrations occur in various habitats, ranging from deficient to toxic levels. Therefore, one focus of plant research is on the response to trace metals in terms of uptake, transport, sequestration, speciation, physiological use, deficiency, toxicity, and detoxification. In this review, we cover most of these aspects for the essential micronutrients copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and zinc to provide a broader overview than found in other recent reviews, to cross-link aspects of knowledge in this very active research field that are often seen in a separated way. For example, individual processes of metal usage, deficiency, or toxicity often were not mechanistically interconnected. Therefore, this review also aims to stimulate the communication of researchers following different approaches, such as gene expression analysis, biochemistry, or biophysics of metalloproteins. Furthermore, we highlight recent insights, emphasizing data obtained under physiologically and environmentally relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Andresen
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Betty-Heimann-Strasse, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Gomez-Casati DF, Busi MV, Pagani MA. Plant Frataxin in Metal Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1706. [PMID: 30519254 PMCID: PMC6258813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Frataxin is a highly conserved protein from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Several functions related to iron metabolism have been postulated for this protein, including Fe-S cluster and heme synthesis, response to oxidative damage and oxidative phosphorylation. In plants, the presence of one or two isoforms of this protein with dual localization in mitochondria and chloroplasts has been reported. Frataxin deficiency affects iron metabolism in both organelles, leading to an impairment of mitochondrial respiration, and chlorophyll and photosynthetic electron transport deficiency in chloroplasts. In addition, plant frataxins can react with Cu2+ ions and dimerize, which causes the reduction of free Cu ions. This could provide an additional defense mechanism against the oxidation of Fe-S groups by Cu ions. While there is a consensus on the involvement of frataxin in iron homeostasis in most organisms, the interaction of plant frataxins with Cu ions, the presence of different isoforms, and/or the localization in two plant organelles suggest that this protein might have additional functions in vegetal tissues.
Collapse
|
60
|
Monné M, Daddabbo L, Giannossa LC, Nicolardi MC, Palmieri L, Miniero DV, Mangone A, Palmieri F. Mitochondrial ATP-Mg/phosphate carriers transport divalent inorganic cations in complex with ATP. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:369-380. [PMID: 28695448 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-Mg/phosphate carriers (APCs) modulate the intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide pool size. In this study the concentration-dependent effects of Mg2+ and other divalent cations (Me2+) on the transport of [3H]ATP in liposomes reconstituted with purified human and Arabidopsis APCs (hAPCs and AtAPCs, respectively, including some lacking their N-terminal domains) have been investigated. The transport of Me2+ mediated by these proteins was also measured. In the presence of a low external concentration of [3H]ATP (12 μM) and increasing concentrations of Me2+, Mg2+ stimulated the activity (measured as initial transport rate of [3H]ATP) of hAPCs and decreased that of AtAPCs; Fe2+ and Zn2+ stimulated markedly hAPCs and moderately AtAPCs; Ca2+ and Mn2+ markedly AtAPCs and moderately hAPCs; and Cu2+ decreased the activity of both hAPCs and AtAPCs. All the Me2+-dependent effects correlated well with the amount of ATP-Me complex present. The transport of [14C]AMP, which has a much lower ability of complexation than ATP, was not affected by the presence of the Me2+ tested, except Cu2+. Furthermore, the transport of [3H]ATP catalyzed by the ATP/ADP carrier, which is known to transport only free ATP and ADP, was inhibited by all the Me2+ tested in an inverse relationship with the formation of the ATP-Me complex. Finally, direct measurements of Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ showed that they are cotransported with ATP by both hAPCs and AtAPCs. It is likely that in vivo APCs transport free ATP and ATP-Mg complex to different degrees, and probably trace amounts of other Me2+ in complex with ATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Daddabbo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Nicolardi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarosa Mangone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wu L, Ueda Y, Lai S, Frei M. Shoot tolerance mechanisms to iron toxicity in rice (
Oryza sativa
L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:570-584. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐Bo Wu
- Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)University of Bonn Karlrobert‐Kreiten‐Straße 13 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Ueda
- Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)University of Bonn Karlrobert‐Kreiten‐Straße 13 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Shang‐Kun Lai
- Agricultral CollegeYangzhou University 225009 Yangzhou China
| | - Michael Frei
- Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)University of Bonn Karlrobert‐Kreiten‐Straße 13 53115 Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
dos Santos RS, de Araujo AT, Pegoraro C, de Oliveira AC. Dealing with iron metabolism in rice: from breeding for stress tolerance to biofortification. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:312-325. [PMID: 28304072 PMCID: PMC5452141 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a well-known metal. Used by humankind since ancient times in many different ways, this element is present in all living organisms, where, unfortunately, it represents a two-way problem. Being an essential block in the composition of different proteins and metabolic pathways, iron is a vital component for animals and plants. That is why iron deficiency has a severe impact on the lives of different organisms, including humans, becoming a major concern, especially in developing countries where access to adequate nutrition is still difficult. On the other hand, this metal is also capable of causing damage when present in excess, becoming toxic to cells and affecting the whole organism. Because of its importance, iron absorption, transport and storage mechanisms have been extensively investigated in order to design alternatives that may solve this problem. As the understanding of the strategies that plants use to control iron homeostasis is an important step in the generation of improved plants that meet both human agricultural and nutritional needs, here we discuss some of the most important points about this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Railson Schreinert dos Santos
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center (CGF), Universidade Federal de
Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Technology Development Center (CDTec), Universidade Federal de
Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Pegoraro
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center (CGF), Universidade Federal de
Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center (CGF), Universidade Federal de
Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Technology Development Center (CDTec), Universidade Federal de
Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Bashir K, Nozoye T, Nagasaka S, Rasheed S, Miyauchi N, Seki M, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Paralogs and mutants show that one DMA synthase functions in iron homeostasis in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1785-1795. [PMID: 28369596 PMCID: PMC5444454 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) secretes 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) to acquire insoluble iron (Fe) from the rhizosphere. In rice, DMA is synthesized by DMA synthase 1 (OsDMAS1), a member of the aldo-keto reductase super family. We screened OsDMAS1 paralogs for DMA synthesis. None of these paralogs displayed in vitro DMA synthesis activity, suggesting that rice only harbors one functional DMAS. We further characterized OsDMAS1 mutant plants. We failed to screen homozygous knock-out plants (dmas-1), so we characterized DMAS knock-down plants (dmas-kd1 and dmas-kd2). Under Fe-deficient conditions, dmas-kd1 plants were more chlorotic compared to the wild-type (WT) plants, and the expression of OsNAS3, OsYSL2, OsIRT1, and OsIRO2 was significantly up-regulated in the dmas-kd1 mutant, indicating that metal homeostasis was significantly disturbed. The secretion of DMA in dmas-kd1 was not significantly reduced. The dmas-kd1 plants accumulated less Fe in their roots compared to WT plants when grown with 10 μM FeSO4. The dmas-kd1 plants accumulated more Zn in their roots compared to WT plants under Fe-deficient, Fe-EDTA, and FeSO4 conditions. In both dehusked rice seeds (brown rice) and polished rice, no differences were observed for Fe, Cu, or Mn accumulation, whereas dmas-kd1 seeds significantly accumulated more Zn in brown rice. Our data suggests that rice only harbors one functional gene for DMA synthesis. In addition, the knock-down of OsDMAS1 significantly up-regulates the genes involved in Fe uptake and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nozoye
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, 1518 Kamikurata-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-8539, Japan
| | - Seiji Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino Itakura-machi, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Sultana Rasheed
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nanako Miyauchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Wang X, Zhong F, Woo CH, Miao Y, Grusak MA, Zhang X, Tu J, Wong YS, Jiang L. A rapid and efficient method to study the function of crop plant transporters in Arabidopsis. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:737-747. [PMID: 27240439 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for humans. Fe deficiency disease is widespread and has led to extensive studies on the mechanisms of Fe uptake and storage, especially in staple food crops such as rice. However, studies of functionally related genes in rice and other crops are often time and space demanding. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic Arabidopsis suspension culture cells and Arabidopsis plants can be used as an efficient expression system for gain-of-function study of selected transporters, using Fe transporters as a proof-of-principle. The vacuolar membrane transporters OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 have been described to be important for iron sequestration, and disruption of these two genes leads to Fe accumulation in rice seeds. In this study, we have taken advantage of the fluorescent-tagged protein GFP-OsVIT1, which functionally complements the Fe hypersensitivity of ccc1 yeast mutant, to generate transgenic Arabidopsis suspension cell lines and plants. GFP-OsVIT1 was shown to localize on the vacuolar membrane using confocal microscopy and immunogold EM. More importantly, the Fe concentration, as well as the concentration of Zn, in the transgenic cell lines and plants were significantly increased compared to that in the WT. Taken together, our study shows that the heterologous expression of rice vacuolar membrane transporter OsVIT1 in Arabidopsis system is functional and effectively enhances iron accumulation, indicating an useful approach for studying other putative transporters of crop plants in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fudi Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Hang Woo
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael A Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jumin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yum Shing Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Vigani G, Di Silvestre D, Agresta AM, Donnini S, Mauri P, Gehl C, Bittner F, Murgia I. Molybdenum and iron mutually impact their homeostasis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1222-1241. [PMID: 27735062 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients required for crucial enzyme activities in plant metabolism. Here we investigated the existence of a mutual control of Mo and Fe homeostasis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plants were grown under single or combined Mo and Fe starvation. Physiological parameters were measured, the ionomes of tissues and the ionomes and proteomes of root mitochondria were profiled, and the activities of molybdo-enzymes and the synthesis of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) were evaluated. Fe and Mo were found to affect each other's total uptake and distribution within tissues and at the mitochondrial level, with Fe nutritional status dominating over Mo homeostasis and affecting Mo availability for molybdo-enzymes in the form of Moco. Fe starvation triggered Moco biosynthesis and affected the molybdo-enzymes, with its main impact on nitrate reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase, both being involved in nitrogen assimilation and mobilization, and on the mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component. These results, together with the identification of > 100 proteins differentially expressed in root mitochondria, highlight the central role of mitochondria in the coordination of Fe and Mo homeostasis and allow us to propose the first model of the molecular interactions connecting Mo and Fe homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Agresta
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Silvia Donnini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Christian Gehl
- Institute of Horticulture Production Systems, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Bittner
- Department of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Bashir K, Rasheed S, Kobayashi T, Seki M, Nishizawa NK. Regulating Subcellular Metal Homeostasis: The Key to Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1192. [PMID: 27547212 PMCID: PMC4974246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrient mineral elements for living organisms, as they regulate essential cellular processes, such as chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis (Fe, Cu, and Mn), respiration (Fe and Cu), and transcription (Zn). The storage and distribution of these minerals in various cellular organelles is strictly regulated to ensure optimal metabolic rates. Alteration of the balance in uptake, distribution, and/or storage of these minerals severely impairs cellular metabolism and significantly affects plant growth and development. Thus, any change in the metal profile of a cellular compartment significantly affects metabolism. Different subcellular compartments are suggested to be linked through complex retrograde signaling networks to regulate cellular metal homeostasis. Various genes regulating cellular and subcellular metal distribution have been identified and characterized. Understanding the role of these transporters is extremely important to elaborate the signaling between various subcellular compartments. Moreover, modulation of the proteins involved in cellular metal homeostasis may help in the regulation of metabolism, adaptability to a diverse range of environmental conditions, and biofortification. Here, we review progress in the understanding of different subcellular metal transport components in plants and discuss the prospects of regulating cellular metabolism and strategies to develop biofortified crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama Campus, YokohamaJapan
| | - Sultana Rasheed
- Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama Campus, YokohamaJapan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, YokohamaJapan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, NonoichiJapan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama Campus, YokohamaJapan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, YokohamaJapan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology – Japan Science and Technology Agency, KawaguchiJapan
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, NonoichiJapan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, TokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Onaga G, Dramé KN, Ismail AM. Understanding the regulation of iron nutrition: can it contribute to improving iron toxicity tolerance in rice? FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:709-726. [PMID: 32480498 DOI: 10.1071/fp15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron nutrition in plants is highly regulated in order to supply amounts sufficient for optimal growth while preventing deleterious effects. In response to iron deficiency, plants induce either reduction-based or chelation-based mechanisms to enhance iron uptake from the soil. Major physiological traits and genes involved in these mechanisms have been fairly well described in model plants like Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, for rice, iron toxicity presents a major challenge worldwide and causes yield reductions because rice is widely cultivated in flooded soils. Nonetheless, rice employs different mechanisms of adaptation to iron-toxicity, which range from avoidance to tissue tolerance. The physiological and molecular bases of such mechanisms have not been fully investigated and their use in breeding for iron-toxicity tolerance remains limited. Efforts to precisely characterise iron-toxicity control mechanisms may help speed-up the development of tolerant rice varieties. Considering how far the understanding of iron dynamics in the soil and plants has progressed, we consider it valuable to exploit such knowledge to improve rice tolerance to iron toxicity. Here we present the mechanisms that regulate iron uptake from the rhizosphere to the plant tissues together with the possible regulators involved. In addition, a genetic model for iron-toxicity tolerance in rice, which hypothesises possible modulation of key genes involved in iron nutrition and regulation is presented. The possibility of incorporating such relevant regulators in breeding is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Onaga
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-East and Southern Africa Office, B.P. 5132, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Vigani G, Bashir K, Ishimaru Y, Lehmann M, Casiraghi FM, Nakanishi H, Seki M, Geigenberger P, Zocchi G, Nishizawa NK. Knocking down mitochondrial iron transporter (MIT) reprograms primary and secondary metabolism in rice plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1357-68. [PMID: 26685186 PMCID: PMC4762380 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and its reduced bioavailability strongly impairs mitochondrial functionality. In this work, the metabolic adjustment in the rice (Oryza sativa) mitochondrial Fe transporter knockdown mutant (mit-2) was analysed. Biochemical characterization of purified mitochondria from rice roots showed alteration in the respiratory chain of mit-2 compared with wild-type (WT) plants. In particular, proteins belonging to the type II alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases accumulated strongly in mit-2 plants, indicating that alternative pathways were activated to keep the respiratory chain working. Additionally, large-scale changes in the transcriptome and metabolome were observed in mit-2 rice plants. In particular, a strong alteration (up-/down-regulation) in the expression of genes encoding enzymes of both primary and secondary metabolism was found in mutant plants. This was reflected by changes in the metabolic profiles in both roots and shoots of mit-2 plants. Significant alterations in the levels of amino acids belonging to the aspartic acid-related pathways (aspartic acid, lysine, and threonine in roots, and aspartic acid and ornithine in shoots) were found that are strictly connected to the Krebs cycle. Furthermore, some metabolites (e.g. pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, ornithine, and oligosaccharides of the raffinose family) accumulated only in the shoot of mit-2 plants, indicating possible hypoxic responses. These findings suggest that the induction of local Fe deficiency in the mitochondrial compartment of mit-2 plants differentially affects the transcript as well as the metabolic profiles in root and shoot tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Khurram Bashir
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, , Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany) and Plant Metabolism, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fabio Marco Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, , Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany) and Plant Metabolism, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Graziano Zocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
López-Millán AF, Duy D, Philippar K. Chloroplast Iron Transport Proteins - Function and Impact on Plant Physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:178. [PMID: 27014281 DOI: 10.3389/fpls201600178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts originated about three billion years ago by endosymbiosis of an ancestor of today's cyanobacteria with a mitochondria-containing host cell. During evolution chloroplasts of higher plants established as the site for photosynthesis and thus became the basis for all life dependent on oxygen and carbohydrate supply. To fulfill this task, plastid organelles are loaded with the transition metals iron, copper, and manganese, which due to their redox properties are essential for photosynthetic electron transport. In consequence, chloroplasts for example represent the iron-richest system in plant cells. However, improvement of oxygenic photosynthesis in turn required adaptation of metal transport and homeostasis since metal-catalyzed generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative damage. This is most acute in chloroplasts, where radicals and transition metals are side by side and ROS-production is a usual feature of photosynthetic electron transport. Thus, on the one hand when bound by proteins, chloroplast-intrinsic metals are a prerequisite for photoautotrophic life, but on the other hand become toxic when present in their highly reactive, radical generating, free ionic forms. In consequence, transport, storage and cofactor-assembly of metal ions in plastids have to be tightly controlled and are crucial throughout plant growth and development. In the recent years, proteins for iron transport have been isolated from chloroplast envelope membranes. Here, we discuss their putative functions and impact on cellular metal homeostasis as well as photosynthetic performance and plant metabolism. We further consider the potential of proteomic analyses to identify new players in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F López-Millán
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Houston TX, USA
| | - Daniela Duy
- Plastid Fatty Acid and Iron Transport - Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Plastid Fatty Acid and Iron Transport - Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Rasheed S, Bashir K, Matsui A, Tanaka M, Seki M. Transcriptomic Analysis of Soil-Grown Arabidopsis thaliana Roots and Shoots in Response to a Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:180. [PMID: 26941754 PMCID: PMC4763085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress has a negative impact on crop yield. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for plant drought stress tolerance is essential for improving this beneficial trait in crops. In the current study, a transcriptional analysis was conducted of gene regulatory networks in roots of soil-grown Arabidopsis plants in response to a drought stress treatment. A microarray analysis of drought-stressed roots and shoots was performed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days. Results indicated that the expression of many drought stress-responsive genes and abscisic acid biosynthesis-related genes was differentially regulated in roots and shoots from days 3 to 9. The expression of cellular and metabolic process-related genes was up-regulated at an earlier time-point in roots than in shoots. In this regard, the expression of genes involved in oxidative signaling, chromatin structure, and cell wall modification also increased significantly in roots compared to shoots. Moreover, the increased expression of genes involved in the transport of amino acids and other solutes; including malate, iron, and sulfur, was observed in roots during the early time points following the initiation of the drought stress. These data suggest that plants may utilize these signaling channels and metabolic adjustments as adaptive responses in the early stages of a drought stress. Collectively, the results of the present study increases our understanding of the differences pertaining to the molecular mechanisms occurring in roots vs. shoots in response to a drought stress. Furthermore, these findings also aid in the selection of novel genes and promoters that can be used to potentially produce crop plants with increased drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Rasheed
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource SciencesYokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan
| | - Khurram Bashir
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource SciencesYokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource SciencesYokohama, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource SciencesYokohama, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource SciencesYokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology AgencySaitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Motoaki Seki
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zhu W, Zuo R, Zhou R, Huang J, Tang M, Cheng X, Liu Y, Tong C, Xiang Y, Dong C, Liu S. Vacuolar Iron Transporter BnMEB2 Is Involved in Enhancing Iron Tolerance of Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1353. [PMID: 27679642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls201601353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron toxicity is a nutrient disorder that severely affects crop development and yield in some soil conditions. Vacuolar detoxification of metal stress is an important strategy for plants to survive and adapt to this adverse environment. Vacuolar iron transporter (VIT) members are involved in this process and play essential roles in iron storage and transport. In this study, we identified a rapeseed VIT gene BnMEB2 (BnaC07g30170D) homologs to Arabidopsis MEB2 (At5g24290). Transient expression analysis revealed that BnMEB2 was localized to the vacuolar membrane. Q-PCR detection showed a high expression of BnMEB2 in mature (60-day-old) leaves and could be obviously induced by exogenous iron stress in both roots and leaves. Over-expressed BnMEB2 in both Arabidopsis wild type and meb2 mutant seedlings resulted in greatly improved iron tolerability with no significant changes in the expression level of other VIT genes. The mutant meb2 grew slowly and its root hair elongation was inhibited under high iron concentration condition while BnMEB2 over-expressed transgenic plants of the mutant restored the phenotypes with apparently higher iron storage in roots and dramatically increased iron content in the whole plant. Taken together, these results suggested that BnMEB2 was a VIT gene in rapeseed which was necessary for safe storage and vacuole detoxification function of excess iron to enhance the tolerance of iron toxicity. This research sheds light on a potentially new strategy for attenuating hazardous metal stress from environment and improving iron biofortification in Brassicaceae crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Rongfang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Minqiang Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Wuhan, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences Wuhan, China
| | - Chaobo Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guiyang, China
| | - Caihua Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
López-Millán AF, Duy D, Philippar K. Chloroplast Iron Transport Proteins - Function and Impact on Plant Physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:178. [PMID: 27014281 PMCID: PMC4780311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts originated about three billion years ago by endosymbiosis of an ancestor of today's cyanobacteria with a mitochondria-containing host cell. During evolution chloroplasts of higher plants established as the site for photosynthesis and thus became the basis for all life dependent on oxygen and carbohydrate supply. To fulfill this task, plastid organelles are loaded with the transition metals iron, copper, and manganese, which due to their redox properties are essential for photosynthetic electron transport. In consequence, chloroplasts for example represent the iron-richest system in plant cells. However, improvement of oxygenic photosynthesis in turn required adaptation of metal transport and homeostasis since metal-catalyzed generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative damage. This is most acute in chloroplasts, where radicals and transition metals are side by side and ROS-production is a usual feature of photosynthetic electron transport. Thus, on the one hand when bound by proteins, chloroplast-intrinsic metals are a prerequisite for photoautotrophic life, but on the other hand become toxic when present in their highly reactive, radical generating, free ionic forms. In consequence, transport, storage and cofactor-assembly of metal ions in plastids have to be tightly controlled and are crucial throughout plant growth and development. In the recent years, proteins for iron transport have been isolated from chloroplast envelope membranes. Here, we discuss their putative functions and impact on cellular metal homeostasis as well as photosynthetic performance and plant metabolism. We further consider the potential of proteomic analyses to identify new players in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. López-Millán
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, HoustonTX, USA
| | - Daniela Duy
- Plastid Fatty Acid and Iron Transport – Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Plastid Fatty Acid and Iron Transport – Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of MunichMunich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katrin Philippar,
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Wu TM, Lin KC, Liau WS, Chao YY, Yang LH, Chen SY, Lu CA, Hong CY. A set of GFP-based organelle marker lines combined with DsRed-based gateway vectors for subcellular localization study in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:107-15. [PMID: 26519260 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, many useful tools have been developed to accelerate the investigation of gene functions. Fluorescent proteins have been widely used as protein tags for studying the subcellular localization of proteins in plants. Several fluorescent organelle marker lines have been generated in dicot plants; however, useful and reliable fluorescent organelle marker lines are lacking in the monocot model rice. Here, we developed eight different GFP-based organelle markers in transgenic rice and created a set of DsRed-based gateway vectors for combining with the marker lines. Two mitochondrial-localized rice ascorbate peroxidase genes fused to DsRed and successfully co-localized with mitochondrial-targeted marker lines verified the practical use of this system. The co-localization of GFP-fusion marker lines and DsRed-fusion proteins provide a convenient platform for in vivo or in vitro analysis of subcellular localization of rice proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Meng Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ke-Chun Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Shiang Liau
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Yang Chao
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Hung Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Yun Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-An Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, 320, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chwan-Yang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zhu W, Zuo R, Zhou R, Huang J, Tang M, Cheng X, Liu Y, Tong C, Xiang Y, Dong C, Liu S. Vacuolar Iron Transporter BnMEB2 Is Involved in Enhancing Iron Tolerance of Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1353. [PMID: 27679642 PMCID: PMC5020681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron toxicity is a nutrient disorder that severely affects crop development and yield in some soil conditions. Vacuolar detoxification of metal stress is an important strategy for plants to survive and adapt to this adverse environment. Vacuolar iron transporter (VIT) members are involved in this process and play essential roles in iron storage and transport. In this study, we identified a rapeseed VIT gene BnMEB2 (BnaC07g30170D) homologs to Arabidopsis MEB2 (At5g24290). Transient expression analysis revealed that BnMEB2 was localized to the vacuolar membrane. Q-PCR detection showed a high expression of BnMEB2 in mature (60-day-old) leaves and could be obviously induced by exogenous iron stress in both roots and leaves. Over-expressed BnMEB2 in both Arabidopsis wild type and meb2 mutant seedlings resulted in greatly improved iron tolerability with no significant changes in the expression level of other VIT genes. The mutant meb2 grew slowly and its root hair elongation was inhibited under high iron concentration condition while BnMEB2 over-expressed transgenic plants of the mutant restored the phenotypes with apparently higher iron storage in roots and dramatically increased iron content in the whole plant. Taken together, these results suggested that BnMEB2 was a VIT gene in rapeseed which was necessary for safe storage and vacuole detoxification function of excess iron to enhance the tolerance of iron toxicity. This research sheds light on a potentially new strategy for attenuating hazardous metal stress from environment and improving iron biofortification in Brassicaceae crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Rong Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Rongfang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Junyan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Minqiang Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Chaobo Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang, China
| | - Caihua Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Caihua Dong,
| | - Shengyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei UniversityWuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
The genome of spinach single chromosome complement is about 1000 Mbp, which is the model material to study the molecular mechanisms of plant sex differentiation. The cytological study showed that the biggest spinach chromosome (chromosome 1) was taken as spinach sex chromosome. It had three alleles of sex-related X,X(m) and Y. Many researchers have been trying to clone the sex-determining genes and investigated the molecular mechanism of spinach sex differentiation. However,there are no successful cloned reports about these genes. A new technology combining chromosome microdissection with hybridization-specific amplification (HSA) was adopted. The spinach Y chromosome degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR (DOP-PCR) products were hybridized with cDNA of the male spinach flowers in florescence. The female spinach genome was taken as blocker and cDNA library specifically expressed in Y chromosome was constructed. Moreover, expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences in cDNA library were cloned, sequenced and bioinformatics was analysed. There were 63 valid EST sequences obtained in this study. The fragment size was between 53 and 486 bp. BLASTn homologous alignment indicated that 12 EST sequences had homologous sequences of nucleic acids, the rest were new sequences. BLASTx homologous alignment indicated that 16 EST sequences had homologous protein-encoding nucleic acid sequence. The spinach Y chromosome-specific EST sequences laid the foundation for cloning the functional genes, specifically expressed in spinach Y chromosome. Meanwhile, the establishment of the technology system in the research provided a reference for rapid cloning of other biological sex chromosome-specific EST sequences.
Collapse
|
76
|
Silva-Navas J, Moreno-Risueno MA, Manzano C, Pallero-Baena M, Navarro-Neila S, Téllez-Robledo B, Garcia-Mina JM, Baigorri R, Gallego FJ, del Pozo JC. D-Root: a system for cultivating plants with the roots in darkness or under different light conditions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:244-55. [PMID: 26312572 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In nature roots grow in the dark and away from light (negative phototropism). However, most current research in root biology has been carried out with the root system grown in the presence of light. Here, we have engineered a device, called Dark-Root (D-Root), to grow plants in vitro with the aerial part exposed to the normal light/dark photoperiod while the roots are in the dark or exposed to specific wavelengths or light intensities. D-Root provides an efficient system for cultivating a large number of seedlings and easily characterizing root architecture in the dark. At the morphological level, root illumination shortens root length and promotes early emergence of lateral roots, therefore inducing expansion of the root system. Surprisingly, root illumination also affects shoot development, including flowering time. Our analyses also show that root illumination alters the proper response to hormones or abiotic stress (e.g. salt or osmotic stress) and nutrient starvation, enhancing inhibition of root growth. In conclusion, D-Root provides a growing system closer to the natural one for assaying Arabidopsis plants, and therefore its use will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in root development, hormonal signaling and stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Silva-Navas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Dpto. de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moreno-Risueno
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Concepción Manzano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pallero-Baena
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Sara Navarro-Neila
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Bárbara Téllez-Robledo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Jose M Garcia-Mina
- CIPAV (Centro de Investigación en Producción Animal y Vegetal), Timac Agro Int-Roullier Group, Polígono Arazuri-Orcoyen, C/C n 32, Orcoyen, 31160, Spain
| | - Roberto Baigorri
- CIPAV (Centro de Investigación en Producción Animal y Vegetal), Timac Agro Int-Roullier Group, Polígono Arazuri-Orcoyen, C/C n 32, Orcoyen, 31160, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gallego
- Dpto. de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan C del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Wu J, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Han X, Gu X, Lu T. The molecular cloning and clarification of a photorespiratory mutant, oscdm1, using enhancer trapping. Front Genet 2015; 6:226. [PMID: 26191072 PMCID: PMC4490251 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer trap systems have been demonstrated to increase the effectiveness of gene identification in rice. In this study, a chlorophyll-deficient mutant, named oscdm1, was screened and characterized in detail from a T-DNA enhancer-tagged population. The oscdm1 plants were different from other chlorophyll-deficient mutants; they produced chlorotic leaves at the third leaf stage, which gradually died with further growth of the plants. However, the oscdm1 plants were able to survive exposure to elevated CO2 levels, similar to photorespiratory mutants. An analysis of the T-DNA flanking sequence in the oscdm1 plants showed that the T-DNA was inserted into the promoter region of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) gene. OsSHMT1 is a key enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature and structurally conserved across kingdoms. The enzyme is responsible for the interconversion of serine and glycine and is essential for cellular one-carbon metabolism. Full-length OsSHMT1 complemented the oscdm1 phenotype, and the downregulation of OsSHMT1 in wild-type plants by RNA interference (RNAi) produced plants that mimicked the oscdm1 phenotype. GUS assays and quantitative PCR revealed the preferential expression of OsSHMT1 in young leaves. TEM revealed serious damage to the thylakoid membrane in oscdm1 chloroplasts. The oscdm1 plants showed more extensive damage than wild type using an IMAGING-PAM fluorometer, especially under high light intensities. OsSHMT1-GFP localized exclusively to mitochondria. Further analysis revealed that the H2O2 content in the oscdm1 plants was twice that in wild type at the fourth leaf stage. This suggests that the thylakoid membrane damage observed in the oscdm1 plants was caused by excessive H2O2. Interestingly, OsSHMT1-overexpressing plants exhibited increased photosynthetic efficiency and improved plant productivity. These results lay the foundation for further study of the OsSHMT1 gene and will help illuminate the functional role of OsSHMT1 in photorespiration in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Compartmentalization of iron between mitochondria and the cytosol and its regulation. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:292-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
79
|
Bashir K, Ishimaru Y, Itai RN, Senoura T, Takahashi M, An G, Oikawa T, Ueda M, Sato A, Uozumi N, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Iron deficiency regulated OsOPT7 is essential for iron homeostasis in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:165-76. [PMID: 25893776 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of iron (Fe) uptake and transport in plants are well-characterized; however, many components of Fe homeostasis remain unclear. We cloned iron-deficiency-regulated oligopeptide transporter 7 (OsOPT7) from rice. OsOPT7 localized to the plasma membrane and did not transport Fe(III)-DMA or Fe(II)-NA and GSH in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore OsOPT7 did not complement the growth of yeast fet3fet4 mutant. OsOPT7 was specifically upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency. Promoter GUS analysis revealed that OsOPT7 expresses in root tips, root vascular tissue and shoots as well as during seed development. Microarray analysis of OsOPT7 knockout 1 (opt7-1) revealed the upregulation of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes in plants grown under Fe-sufficient conditions, despite the high Fe and ferritin concentrations in shoot tissue indicating that Fe may not be available for physiological functions. Plants overexpressing OsOPT7 do not exhibit any phenotype and do not accumulate more Fe compared to wild type plants. These results indicate that OsOPT7 may be involved in Fe transport in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gyana R. Rout
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology
| | - Sunita Sahoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Bashir K, Hanada K, Shimizu M, Seki M, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Transcriptomic analysis of rice in response to iron deficiency and excess. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 7:18. [PMID: 26224551 PMCID: PMC4884027 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-014-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron (Fe) is essential micronutrient for plants and its deficiency as well as toxicity is a serious agricultural problem. The mechanisms of Fe deficiency are reasonably understood, however our knowledge about plants response to excess Fe is limited. Moreover, the regulation of small open reading frames (sORFs) in response to abiotic stress has not been reported in rice. Understanding the regulation of rice transcriptome in response to Fe deficiency and excess could provide bases for developing strategies to breed plants tolerant to Fe deficiency as well as excess Fe. RESULTS We used a novel rice 110 K microarray harbouring ~48,620 sORFs to understand the transcriptomic changes that occur in response to Fe deficiency and excess. In roots, 36 genes were upregulated by excess Fe, of which three were sORFs. In contrast, 1509 genes were upregulated by Fe deficiency, of which 90 (6%) were sORFs. Co-expression analysis revealed that the expression of some sORFs was positively correlated with the genes upregulated by Fe deficiency. In shoots, 50 (19%) of the genes upregulated by Fe deficiency and 1076 out of 2480 (43%) genes upregulated by excess Fe were sORFs. These results suggest that excess Fe may significantly alter metabolism, particularly in shoots. CONCLUSION These data not only reveal the genes regulated by excess Fe, but also suggest that sORFs might play an important role in the response of plants to Fe deficiency and excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- />Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- />Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, 230-0045 Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kousuke Hanada
- />Gene Discovery Research Group, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, 230-0045 Kanagawa, Japan
- />Frontier Research Academy for Young Researchers, Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Minami Shimizu
- />Frontier Research Academy for Young Researchers, Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- />Plant Genomics Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, 230-0045 Kanagawa, Japan
- />Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- />Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- />Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- />Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi, 921-8836 Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Kobayashi T, Nakanishi Itai R, Nishizawa NK. Iron deficiency responses in rice roots. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 7:27. [PMID: 26224556 PMCID: PMC4884003 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-014-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for most living organisms. To acquire sparingly soluble Fe from the rhizosphere, rice roots rely on two Fe acquisition pathways. The first of these pathways involves Fe(III) chelators specific to graminaceous plants, the mugineic acid family phytosiderophores, and the second involves absorption of Fe(2+). Key components in this response include enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of deoxymugineic acid (OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsNAAT1, and OsDMAS1), the deoxymugineic acid efflux transporter (TOM1), the Fe(III)-deoxymugineic acid transporter (OsYSL15), and Fe(2+) transporters (OsIRT1, OsIRT2, and OsNRAMP1). In whole roots, these proteins are expressed in a coordinated manner with strong transcriptional induction in response to Fe deficiency. Radial transport of Fe to xylem and phloem is also mediated by the mugineic acid family phytosiderophores, as well as other chelators and their transporters, including Fe(II)-nicotianamine transporter (OsYSL2), phenolics efflux transporters (PEZ1 and PEZ2), and citrate efflux transporter (OsFRDL1). Among these, OsYSL2 is strongly induced under conditions of Fe deficiency. Both transcriptional induction and potential feedback repression mediate the expressional regulation of the genes involved in Fe uptake and translocation in response to Fe deficiency. The transcription factors IDEF1, IDEF2, and OsIRO2 are responsible for transcriptional induction, whereas the ubiquitin ligases OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2, as well as the transcription factors OsIRO3 and OsbHLH133, are thought to mediate negative regulation. Furthermore, IDEF1 and OsHRZs bind Fe and other metals, and are therefore candidate Fe sensors. The interacting functions of these regulators are thought to fine tune the expression of proteins involved in Fe uptake and translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kobayashi
- />Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
- />Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836 Japan
| | - Reiko Nakanishi Itai
- />Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Naoko K. Nishizawa
- />Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
DalCorso G, Manara A, Piasentin S, Furini A. Nutrient metal elements in plants. Metallomics 2014; 6:1770-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
84
|
Andriankaja ME, Danisman S, Mignolet-Spruyt LF, Claeys H, Kochanke I, Vermeersch M, De Milde L, De Bodt S, Storme V, Skirycz A, Maurer F, Bauer P, Mühlenbock P, Van Breusegem F, Angenent GC, Immink RGH, Inzé D. Transcriptional coordination between leaf cell differentiation and chloroplast development established by TCP20 and the subgroup Ib bHLH transcription factors. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 85:233-45. [PMID: 24549883 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the photosynthetic apparatus during chloroplast development creates a high demand for iron as a redox metal. However, iron in too high quantities becomes toxic to the plant, thus plants have evolved a complex network of iron uptake and regulation mechanisms. Here, we examined whether four of the subgroup Ib basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, bHLH101), previously implicated in iron homeostasis in roots, also play a role in regulating iron metabolism in developing leaves. These transcription factor genes were strongly up-regulated during the transition from cell proliferation to expansion, and thus sink-source transition, in young developing leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. The four subgroup Ib bHLH genes also showed reduced expression levels in developing leaves of plants treated with norflurazon, indicating their expression was tightly linked to the onset of photosynthetic activity in young leaves. In addition, we provide evidence for a mechanism whereby the transcriptional regulators SAC51 and TCP20 antagonistically regulate the expression of these four subgroup Ib bHLH genes. A loss-of-function mutant analysis also revealed that single mutants of bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, and bHLH101 developed smaller rosettes than wild-type plants in soil. When grown in agar plates with reduced iron concentration, triple bhlh39 bhlh100 bhlh101 mutant plants were smaller than wild-type plants. However, measurements of the iron content in single and multiple subgroup Ib bHLH genes, as well as transcript profiling of iron response genes during early leaf development, do not support a role for bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, and bHLH101 in iron homeostasis during early leaf development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Andriankaja
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Trono D, Laus MN, Soccio M, Pastore D. Transport pathways--proton motive force interrelationship in durum wheat mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8186-215. [PMID: 24821541 PMCID: PMC4057727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In durum wheat mitochondria (DWM) the ATP-inhibited plant mitochondrial potassium channel (PmitoK(ATP)) and the plant uncoupling protein (PUCP) are able to strongly reduce the proton motive force (pmf) to control mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species; under these conditions, mitochondrial carriers lack the driving force for transport and should be inactive. However, unexpectedly, DWM uncoupling by PmitoK(ATP) neither impairs the exchange of ADP for ATP nor blocks the inward transport of Pi and succinate. This uptake may occur via the plant inner membrane anion channel (PIMAC), which is physiologically inhibited by membrane potential, but unlocks its activity in de-energized mitochondria. Probably, cooperation between PIMAC and carriers may accomplish metabolite movement across the inner membrane under both energized and de-energized conditions. PIMAC may also cooperate with PmitoK(ATP) to transport ammonium salts in DWM. Interestingly, this finding may trouble classical interpretation of in vitro mitochondrial swelling; instead of free passage of ammonia through the inner membrane and proton symport with Pi, that trigger metabolite movements via carriers, transport of ammonium via PmitoK(ATP) and that of the counteranion via PIMAC may occur. Here, we review properties, modulation and function of the above reported DWM channels and carriers to shed new light on the control that they exert on pmf and vice-versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Trono
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maura N Laus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Mario Soccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Donato Pastore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Li L, Miao R, Jia X, Ward DM, Kaplan J. Expression of the yeast cation diffusion facilitators Mmt1 and Mmt2 affects mitochondrial and cellular iron homeostasis: evidence for mitochondrial iron export. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17132-41. [PMID: 24798331 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.574723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mmt1 and Mmt2 are highly homologous yeast members of the cation diffusion facilitator transporter family localized to mitochondria. Overexpression of MMT1/2 led to changes in cellular metal homeostasis (increased iron sensitivity, decreased cobalt sensitivity, increased sensitivity to copper), oxidant generation, and increased sensitivity to H2O2. The phenotypes due to overexpression of MMT1&2 were similar to that seen in cells with deletions in MRS3 and MRS4, genes that encode the mitochondrial iron importers. Overexpression of MMT1&2 resulted in induction of the low iron transcriptional response, similar to that seen in Δmrs3Δmr4 cells. This low iron transcriptional response was suppressed by deletion of CCC1, the gene that encodes the vacuolar iron importer. Measurement of the activity of the iron-dependent gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans expressed in yeast cytosol, showed that changes in Mmt1/2 levels affected cytosol iron concentration even in the absence of Ccc1. Overexpression of MMT1 resulted in increased cytosolic iron whereas deletion of MMT1/MMT2 led to decreased cytosolic iron. These results support the hypothesis that Mmt1/2 function as mitochondrial iron exporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangtao Li
- From the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Ren Miao
- From the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Xuan Jia
- From the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Diane M Ward
- From the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| | - Jerry Kaplan
- From the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Nozoye T, Tsunoda K, Nagasaka S, Bashir K, Takahashi M, Kobayashi T, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Rice nicotianamine synthase localizes to particular vesicles for proper function. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014. [PMID: 24704865 PMCID: PMC4091187 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graminaceous plants release mugineic acid family phytosiderophores to acquire iron from the soil. Recently, we reported that particular vesicles are involved in deoxymugineic acid (DMA) and nicotianamine (NA) biosynthesis and in DMA secretion from rice roots. A fusion protein of rice NA synthase 2 (OsNAS2) and synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) was observed in a dot-like pattern, moving dynamically within the cell. OsNAS2 mutated in the tyrosine motif or di-leucine motif, which was reported to be involved in cellular transport, caused a disruption in vesicular movement and vesicular localization, respectively. Unlike OsNAS2, Arabidopsis NA synthases AtNAS1-4 were distributed uniformly in the cytoplasm with no localization in dot-like structures when transiently expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells. Interestingly, Fe deficiency-inducible genes were upregulated in the OsNAS2-sGFP plants, and the amounts of NA and DMA produced and DMA secreted by the OsNAS2-sGFP plants were significantly higher than in those by the non-transformants and domain-mutated lines. We propose a model for OsNAS2-localized vesicles in rice, and discuss why the introduction of OsNAS2-sGFP caused a disturbance in Fe homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nozoye
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khurram Bashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence to: Naoko K Nishizawa,
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Nozoye T, Tsunoda K, Nagasaka S, Bashir K, Takahashi M, Kobayashi T, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Rice nicotianamine synthase localizes to particular vesicles for proper function. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28660. [PMID: 24704865 PMCID: PMC4091187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Graminaceous plants release mugineic acid family phytosiderophores to acquire iron from the soil. Recently, we reported that particular vesicles are involved in deoxymugineic acid (DMA) and nicotianamine (NA) biosynthesis and in DMA secretion from rice roots. A fusion protein of rice NA synthase 2 (OsNAS2) and synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) was observed in a dot-like pattern, moving dynamically within the cell. OsNAS2 mutated in the tyrosine motif or di-leucine motif, which was reported to be involved in cellular transport, caused a disruption in vesicular movement and vesicular localization, respectively. Unlike OsNAS2, Arabidopsis NA synthases AtNAS1-4 were distributed uniformly in the cytoplasm with no localization in dot-like structures when transiently expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells. Interestingly, Fe deficiency-inducible genes were upregulated in the OsNAS2-sGFP plants, and the amounts of NA and DMA produced and DMA secreted by the OsNAS2-sGFP plants were significantly higher than in those by the non-transformants and domain-mutated lines. We propose a model for OsNAS2-localized vesicles in rice, and discuss why the introduction of OsNAS2-sGFP caused a disturbance in Fe homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nozoye
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khurram Bashir
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology; Ishikawa Prefectural University; Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Socha AL, Guerinot ML. Mn-euvering manganese: the role of transporter gene family members in manganese uptake and mobilization in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:106. [PMID: 24744764 PMCID: PMC3978347 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential trace element, is important for plant health. In plants, Mn serves as a cofactor in essential processes such as photosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis and oxidative stress. Mn deficient plants exhibit decreased growth and yield and are more susceptible to pathogens and damage at freezing temperatures. Mn deficiency is most prominent on alkaline soils with approximately one third of the world's soils being too alkaline for optimal crop production. Despite the importance of Mn in plant development, relatively little is known about how it traffics between plant tissues and into and out of organelles. Several gene transporter families have been implicated in Mn transport in plants. These transporter families include NRAMP (natural resistance associated macrophage protein), YSL (yellow stripe-like), ZIP (zinc regulated transporter/iron-regulated transporter [ZRT/IRT1]-related protein), CAX (cation exchanger), CCX (calcium cation exchangers), CDF/MTP (cation diffusion facilitator/metal tolerance protein), P-type ATPases and VIT (vacuolar iron transporter). A combination of techniques including mutant analysis and Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy can assist in identifying essential transporters of Mn. Such knowledge would vastly improve our understanding of plant Mn homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Socha
- *Correspondence: Amanda L. Socha, Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03766, USA e-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Nozoye T, Nagasaka S, Bashir K, Takahashi M, Kobayashi T, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Nicotianamine synthase 2 localizes to the vesicles of iron-deficient rice roots, and its mutation in the YXXφ or LL motif causes the disruption of vesicle formation or movement in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:246-60. [PMID: 24251791 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graminaceous plants release mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) to acquire iron from the soil. Here, we show that deoxymugineic acid (DMA) secretion from rice roots fluctuates throughout the day, and that vesicles accumulate in roots before MAs secretion. We developed transgenic rice plants that express rice nicotianamine (NA) synthase (NAS) 2 (OsNAS2) fused to synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) under the control of its own promoter. In root cells, OsNAS2-sGFP fluorescence was observed in a dot-like pattern, moving dynamically within the cell. This suggests that these vesicles are involved in NA and DMA biosynthesis. A tyrosine motif and a di-leucine motif, which have been reported to be involved in cellular transport, are conserved in all identified NAS proteins in plants. OsNAS2 mutated in the tyrosine motif showed NAS activity and was localized to the vesicles; however, these vesicles stuck together and did not move. On the other hand, OsNAS2 mutated in the di-leucine motif lost NAS activity and did not localize to these vesicles. The amounts of NA and DMA produced and the amount of DMA secreted by OsNAS2-sGFP plants were significantly higher than in non-transformants and domain-mutated lines, suggesting that OsNAS2-sGFP, but not the mutated forms, was functional in vivo. Overall, the localization of NAS to vesicles and the transport of these vesicles are crucial steps in NA synthesis, leading to DMA synthesis and secretion in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nozoye
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all photosynthetic organisms. The biological use of this transition metal is as an enzyme cofactor, predominantly in electron transfer and catalysis. The main forms of iron cofactor are, in order of decreasing abundance, iron-sulfur clusters, heme, and di-iron or mononuclear iron, with a wide functional range. In plants and algae, iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathways of bacterial origin are localized in the mitochondria and plastids, where there is a high demand for these cofactors. A third iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway is present in the cytosol that depends on the mitochondria but not on plastid assembly proteins. The biosynthesis of heme takes place mainly in the plastids. The importance of iron-sulfur cofactors beyond photosynthesis and respiration has become evident with recent discoveries of novel iron-sulfur proteins involved in epigenetics and DNA metabolism. In addition, increased understanding of intracellular iron trafficking is opening up research into how iron is distributed between iron cofactor assembly pathways and how this distribution is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Balk
- John Innes Centre and University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom;
| | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Jain A, Wilson GT, Connolly EL. The diverse roles of FRO family metalloreductases in iron and copper homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:100. [PMID: 24711810 PMCID: PMC3968747 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron and copper are essential for plants and are important for the function of a number of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis and respiration. As the molecular mechanisms that control uptake, trafficking and storage of these nutrients emerge, the importance of metalloreductase-catalyzed reactions in iron and copper metabolism has become clear. This review focuses on the ferric reductase oxidase (FRO) family of metalloreductases in plants and highlights new insights into the roles of FRO family members in metal homeostasis. Arabidopsis FRO2 was first identified as the ferric chelate reductase that reduces ferric iron-chelates at the root surface-rhizosphere interface. The resulting ferrous iron is subsequently transported across the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells by the ferrous iron transporter, IRT1. Recent work has shown that two other members of the FRO family (FRO4 and FRO5) function redundantly to reduce copper to facilitate its uptake from the soil. In addition, FROs appear to play important roles in subcellular compartmentalization of iron as FRO7 is known to contribute to delivery of iron to chloroplasts while mitochondrial family members FRO3 and FRO8 are hypothesized to influence mitochondrial metal ion homeostasis. Finally, recent studies have underscored the importance of plasma membrane-localized ferric reductase activity in leaves for photosynthetic efficiency. Taken together, these studies highlight a number of diverse roles for FROs in both iron and copper metabolism in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin L. Connolly
- *Correspondence: Erin L. Connolly, Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Bashir K, Nozoye T, Ishimaru Y, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. Exploiting new tools for iron bio-fortification of rice. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1624-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
94
|
Bashir K, Takahashi R, Akhtar S, Ishimaru Y, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK. The knockdown of OsVIT2 and MIT affects iron localization in rice seed. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:31. [PMID: 24280309 PMCID: PMC4883708 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of iron (Fe) uptake in plants has been extensively characterized, but little is known about how Fe transport to different subcellular compartments affects Fe localization in rice seed. Here, we discuss the characterization of a rice vacuolar Fe transporter 2 (OsVIT2) T-DNA insertion line (osvit2) and report that the knockdown of OsVIT2 and mitochondrial Fe transporter (MIT) expression affects seed Fe localization. FINDINGS osvit2 plants accumulated less Fe in their shoots when grown under normal or excess Fe conditions, while the accumulation of Fe was comparable to that in wild-type (WT) plants under Fe-deficient conditions. The accumulation of zinc, copper, and manganese also changed significantly in the shoots of osvit2 plants. The growth of osvit2 plants was also slow compared to that of WT plants. The concentration of Fe increased in osvit2 polished seeds. Previously, we reported that the expression of OsVIT2 was higher in MIT knockdown (mit-2) plants, and in this study, the accumulation of Fe in mit-2 seeds decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that vacuolar Fe trafficking is important for plant Fe homeostasis and distribution, especially in plants grown in the presence of excess Fe. Moreover, changes in the expression of OsVIT2 and MIT affect the concentration and localization of metals in brown rice as well as in polished rice seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- />Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- />Plant Genomic Network Research Team, Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takahashi
- />Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Shamim Akhtar
- />Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- />Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- />Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Naoko K Nishizawa
- />Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- />Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa, 921-8836 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial iron uptake is of key importance both for organelle function and cellular iron homoeostasis. The mitochondrial carrier family members Mrs3 and Mrs4 (homologues of vertebrate mitoferrin) function in organellar iron supply, yet other low efficiency transporters may exist. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, overexpression of RIM2 (MRS12) encoding a mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide transporter can overcome the iron-related phenotypes of strains lacking both MRS3 and MRS4. In the present study we show by in vitro transport studies that Rim2 mediates the transport of iron and other divalent metal ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane in a pyrimidine nucleotide-dependent fashion. Mutations in the proposed substrate-binding site of Rim2 prevent both pyrimidine nucleotide and divalent ion transport. These results document that Rim2 catalyses the co-import of pyrimidine nucleotides and divalent metal ions including ferrous iron. The deletion of RIM2 alone has no significant effect on mitochondrial iron supply, Fe-S protein maturation and haem synthesis. However, RIM2 deletion in mrs3/4Δ cells aggravates their Fe-S protein maturation defect. We conclude that under normal physiological conditions Rim2 does not play a significant role in mitochondrial iron acquisition, yet, in the absence of the main iron transporters Mrs3 and Mrs4, this carrier can supply the mitochondrial matrix with iron in a pyrimidine-nucleotide-dependent fashion.
Collapse
|
96
|
Jain A, Connolly EL. Mitochondrial iron transport and homeostasis in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:348. [PMID: 24046773 PMCID: PMC3764374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants and although the mechanisms controlling iron uptake from the soil are relatively well understood, comparatively little is known about subcellular trafficking of iron in plant cells. Mitochondria represent a significant iron sink within cells, as iron is required for the proper functioning of respiratory chain protein complexes. Mitochondria are a site of Fe-S cluster synthesis, and possibly heme synthesis as well. Here we review recent insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling mitochondrial iron transport and homeostasis. We focus on the recent identification of a mitochondrial iron uptake transporter in rice and a possible role for metalloreductases in iron uptake by mitochondria. In addition, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial iron homeostasis with an emphasis on the roles of frataxin and ferritin in iron trafficking and storage within mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin L. Connolly
- *Correspondence: Erin L. Connolly, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Thomine S, Vert G. Iron transport in plants: better be safe than sorry. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:322-7. [PMID: 23415557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for plant cell function and more specifically for photosynthesis. Plants have evolved highly efficient systems to take up iron from the soil. However, activating iron uptake is a double jeopardy: not only iron itself is toxic but iron uptake systems are poorly selective and allow the entry of other potentially toxic metals. Plants therefore tightly control iron uptake at the transcriptional and post-translational level and have evolved mechanisms to cope with the concomitant entry of toxic metals. In plant cells, iron has to be distributed to chloroplasts and mitochondria or may be stored safely in vacuole. Distinct transcriptional networks regulating uptake and intracellular distribution are being uncovered, while iron sensing mechanisms remain elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Thomine
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS Unité Propre de Recherche 2355, Avenue de la Terrasse Bâtiment 23, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Vigani G, Zocchi G, Bashir K, Philippar K, Briat JF. Signals from chloroplasts and mitochondria for iron homeostasis regulation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:305-11. [PMID: 23462548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for human nutrition. Given that plants represent a major dietary source of Fe worldwide, it is crucial to understand plant Fe homeostasis fully. A major breakthrough in the understanding of Fe sensing and signaling was the identification of several transcription factor cascades regulating Fe homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of activation of these cascades still remain to be elucidated. In this opinion, we focus on the possible roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts as cellular Fe sensing and signaling sites, offering a new perspective on the integrated regulation of Fe homeostasis and its interplay with cellular metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Wang M, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK. Nicotianamine synthase overexpression positively modulates iron homeostasis-related genes in high iron rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:156. [PMID: 23755054 PMCID: PMC3665926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nearly one-third of the world population, mostly women and children, suffer from iron malnutrition and its consequences, such as anemia or impaired mental development. Biofortification of rice, which is a staple crop for nearly half of the world's population, can significantly contribute in alleviating iron deficiency. NFP rice (transgenic rice expressing nicotianamine synthase, ferritin and phytase genes) has a more than six-fold increase in iron content in polished rice grains, resulting from the synergistic action of nicotianamine synthase (NAS) and ferritin transgenes. We investigated iron homeostasis in NFP plants by analyzing the expression of 28 endogenous rice genes known to be involved in the homeostasis of iron and other metals, in iron-deficient and iron-sufficient conditions. RNA was collected from different tissues (roots, flag leaves, grains) and at three developmental stages during grain filling. NFP plants showed increased sensitivity to iron-deficiency conditions and changes in the expression of endogenous genes involved in nicotianamine (NA) metabolism, in comparison to their non-transgenic siblings (NTS). Elevated transcript levels were detected in NFP plants for several iron transporters. In contrast, expression of OsYSL2, which encodes a member of yellow stripe like protein family, and a transporter of the NA-Fe(II) complex was reduced in NFP plants under low iron conditions, indicating that expression of OsYSL2 is regulated by the endogenous iron status. Expression of the transgenes did not significantly affect overall iron homeostasis in NFP plants, which establishes the engineered push-pull mechanism as a suitable strategy to increase rice endosperm iron content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Navreet K. Bhullar
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Divol F, Couch D, Conéjéro G, Roschzttardtz H, Mari S, Curie C. The Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE LIKE4 and 6 transporters control iron release from the chloroplast. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1040-1055. [PMID: 23512854 DOI: 10.1105/tpc112107672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In most plant cell types, the chloroplast represents the largest sink for iron, which is both essential for chloroplast metabolism and prone to cause oxidative damage. Here, we show that to buffer the potentially harmful effects of iron, besides ferritins for storage, the chloroplast is equipped with specific iron transporters that respond to iron toxicity by removing iron from the chloroplast. We describe two transporters of the YELLOW STRIPE1-LIKE family from Arabidopsis thaliana, YSL4 and YSL6, which are likely to fulfill this function. Knocking out both YSL4 and YSL6 greatly reduces the plant's ability to cope with excess iron. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses showed that YSL6 resides in the chloroplast envelope. Elemental analysis and histochemical staining indicate that iron is trapped in the chloroplasts of the ysl4 ysl6 double mutants, which also accumulate ferritins. Also, vacuolar iron remobilization and NRAMP3/4 expression are inhibited. Furthermore, ubiquitous expression of YSL4 or YSL6 dramatically reduces plant tolerance to iron deficiency and decreases chloroplastic iron content. These data demonstrate a fundamental role for YSL4 and YSL6 in managing chloroplastic iron. YSL4 and YSL6 expression patterns support their physiological role in detoxifying iron during plastid dedifferentiation occurring in embryogenesis and senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanchon Divol
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/Université Montpellier 1, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|