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Clyde MA, Palmieri Weber R, Iversen ES, Poole EM, Doherty JA, Goodman MT, Ness RB, Risch HA, Rossing MA, Terry KL, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Anton-Culver H, Bandera EV, Berchuck A, Carney ME, Cramer DW, Cunningham JM, Cushing-Haugen KL, Edwards RP, Fridley BL, Goode EL, Lurie G, McGuire V, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Olson SH, Pearce CL, Pike MC, Rothstein JH, Sellers TA, Sieh W, Stram D, Thompson PJ, Vierkant RA, Wicklund KG, Wu AH, Ziogas A, Tworoger SS, Schildkraut JM. Risk Prediction for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in 11 United States-Based Case-Control Studies: Incorporation of Epidemiologic Risk Factors and 17 Confirmed Genetic Loci. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:579-589. [PMID: 27698005 PMCID: PMC5065620 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously developed models for predicting absolute risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer have included a limited number of risk factors and have had low discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) < 0.60). Because of this, we developed and internally validated a relative risk prediction model that incorporates 17 established epidemiologic risk factors and 17 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using data from 11 case-control studies in the United States (5,793 cases; 9,512 controls) from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (data accrued from 1992 to 2010). We developed a hierarchical logistic regression model for predicting case-control status that included imputation of missing data. We randomly divided the data into an 80% training sample and used the remaining 20% for model evaluation. The AUC for the full model was 0.664. A reduced model without SNPs performed similarly (AUC = 0.649). Both models performed better than a baseline model that included age and study site only (AUC = 0.563). The best predictive power was obtained in the full model among women younger than 50 years of age (AUC = 0.714); however, the addition of SNPs increased the AUC the most for women older than 50 years of age (AUC = 0.638 vs. 0.616). Adapting this improved model to estimate absolute risk and evaluating it in prospective data sets is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Correspondence to Dr. Joellen M. Schildkraut, University of Virginia, Department of Public Health Sciences, PO Box 800765, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903 (e-mail: )
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Milne RL, Antoniou AC. Modifiers of breast and ovarian cancer risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T69-84. [PMID: 27528622 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. However, penetrance estimates for mutation carriers have been found to vary substantially between studies, and the observed differences in risk are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic and environmental factors modify cancer risks for women with these mutations. Direct evidence that this is the case has emerged in the past decade, through large-scale international collaborative efforts. Here, we describe the methodological challenges in the identification and characterisation of these risk-modifying factors, review the latest evidence on genetic and lifestyle/hormonal risk factors that modify breast and ovarian cancer risks for women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and outline the implications of these findings for cancer risk prediction. We also review the unresolved issues in this area of research and identify strategies of clinical implementation so that women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are no longer counselled on the basis of 'average' risk estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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53
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Lin HY, Cheng CH, Chen DT, Chen YA, Park JY. Coexpression and expression quantitative trait loci analyses of the angiogenesis gene-gene interaction network in prostate cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2016; 5:S951-S963. [PMID: 28664150 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2016.10.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) shows a substantial clinical heterogeneity. The existing risk classification for PCa prognosis based on clinical factors is not sufficient. Although some biomarkers for PCa aggressiveness have been identified, their underlying functional mechanisms are still unclear. We previously reported a gene-gene interaction network associated with PCa aggressiveness based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP interactions in the angiogenesis pathway. The goal of this study is to investigate potential functional evidence of the involvement of the genes in this gene-gene interaction network. METHODS A total of 11 angiogenesis genes were evaluated. The crosstalks among genes were examined through coexpression and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses. The study population is 352 Caucasian PCa patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) study. The pairwise coexpressions among the genes of interest were evaluated using the Spearman coefficient. The eQTL analyses were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Among all within gene and 55 possible pairwise gene evaluations, 12 gene pairs and one gene (MMP16) showed strong coexpression or significant eQTL evidence. There are nine gene pairs with a strong correlation (Spearman correlation ≥0.6, P<1×10-13). The top coexpressed gene pairs are EGFR-SP1 (r=0.73), ITGB3-HSPG2 (r=0.71), ITGB3-CSF1 (r=0.70), MMP16-FBLN5 (r=0.68), ITGB3-MMP16 (r=0.65), ITGB3-ROBO1 (r=0.62), CSF1-HSPG2 (r=0.61), CSF1-FBLN5 (r=0.6), and CSF1-ROBO1 (r=0.60). One cis-eQTL in MMP16 and five trans-eQTLs (MMP16-ESR1, ESR1-ROBO1, CSF1-ROBO1, HSPG2-ROBO1, and FBLN5-CSF1) are significant with a false discovery rate q value less than 0.2. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide potential biological evidence for the gene-gene interactions in this angiogenesis network. These identified interactions between the angiogenesis genes not only provide information for PCa etiology mechanism but also may serve as integrated biomarkers for building a risk prediction model for PCa aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chia-Ho Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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54
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Lawrenson K, Kar S, McCue K, Kuchenbaeker K, Michailidou K, Tyrer J, Beesley J, Ramus SJ, Li Q, Delgado MK, Lee JM, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Arun BK, Arver B, Bandera EV, Barile M, Barkardottir RB, Barrowdale D, Beckmann MW, Benitez J, Berchuck A, Bisogna M, Bjorge L, Blomqvist C, Blot W, Bogdanova N, Bojesen A, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Brauch H, Brennan P, Brenner H, Bruinsma F, Brunet J, Buhari SA, Burwinkel B, Butzow R, Buys SS, Cai Q, Caldes T, Campbell I, Canniotto R, Chang-Claude J, Chiquette J, Choi JY, Claes KBM, Cook LS, Cox A, Cramer DW, Cross SS, Cybulski C, Czene K, Daly MB, Damiola F, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Darabi H, Dennis J, Devilee P, Diez O, Doherty JA, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, Dörk T, Dumont M, Ehrencrona H, Ejlertsen B, Ellis S, Engel C, Lee E, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Feliubadalo L, Figueroa J, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Foretova L, Fostira F, Foulkes WD, Fridley BL, Friedman E, Frost D, Gambino G, Ganz PA, Garber J, García-Closas M, Gentry-Maharaj A, Ghoussaini M, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Goode EL, Goodman MT, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hallberg E, Hamann U, Hansen TVO, Harrington PA, Hartman M, Hassan N, Healey S, Heitz F, Herzog J, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Hulick PJ, Huzarski T, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Ito H, Jakubowska A, Janavicius R, Jensen A, John EM, Johnson N, Kabisch M, Kang D, Kapuscinski M, Karlan BY, Khan S, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Knight JA, Konstantopoulou I, Kosma VM, Kristensen V, Kupryjanczyk J, Kwong A, de la Hoya M, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Le N, De Leeneer K, Lester J, Levine DA, Li J, Lindblom A, Long J, Lophatananon A, Loud JT, Lu K, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Le Marchand L, Margolin S, Marme F, Massuger LFAG, Matsuo K, Mazoyer S, McGuffog L, McLean C, McNeish I, Meindl A, Menon U, Mensenkamp AR, Milne RL, Montagna M, Moysich KB, Muir K, Mulligan AM, Nathanson KL, Ness RB, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nord S, Nussbaum RL, Odunsi K, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olswold C, O'Malley D, Orlow I, Orr N, Osorio A, Park SK, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Peterlongo P, Pfeiler G, Phelan CM, Poole EM, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Rhenius V, Rhiem K, Risch HA, Rodriguez G, Rossing MA, Rudolph A, Salvesen HB, Sangrajrang S, Sawyer EJ, Schildkraut JM, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Sellers TA, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Shen CY, Shu XO, Sieh W, Singer CF, Sinilnikova OM, Slager S, Song H, Soucy P, Southey MC, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sutter C, Swerdlow A, Tchatchou S, Teixeira MR, Teo SH, Terry KL, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Tibiletti MG, Tihomirova L, Tognazzo S, Toland AE, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Truong T, Tseng CC, Tung N, Tworoger SS, Vachon C, van den Ouweland AMW, van Doorn HC, van Rensburg EJ, Van't Veer LJ, Vanderstichele A, Vergote I, Vijai J, Wang Q, Wang-Gohrke S, Weitzel JN, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wildiers H, Winqvist R, Wu AH, Yannoukakos D, Yoon SY, Yu JC, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Khanna KK, Simard J, Monteiro AN, French JD, Couch FJ, Freedman ML, Easton DF, Dunning AM, Pharoah PD, Edwards SL, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Gayther SA. Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12675. [PMID: 27601076 PMCID: PMC5023955 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10(-20)), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10(-13)), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10(-16)) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10(-5)). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10(-3)) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10(-3)). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3'-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Karen McCue
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaeker
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Melissa K. Delgado
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Janet M. Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Banu K. Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Rosa B. Barkardottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital and BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 600169-2039, Iceland
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia 28029, Spain
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00029, Finland
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle 7100, Denmark
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo N-0310, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart D-70376, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 08908, Spain
| | - Shaik Ahmad Buhari
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029 HUS, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Rikki Canniotto
- Cancer Pathology & Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo 14263, New York, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69121, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- Unité de recherche en santé des populations, Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Centre de recherche FRSQ du Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | - Linda S. Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Harvard HT Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69373, France
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics the Maria Sklodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 44-101, Poland
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steve Ellis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Human Development, Manchester University, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Lidia Feliubadalo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty MU, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, (INRASTES) Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - William D. Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1S6, Canada
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Debra Frost
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Gaetana Gambino
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Patricia A. Ganz
- UCLA Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | | | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - David E. Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, 91405 Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas V. O. Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia A. Harrington
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Norhashimah Hassan
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sue Healey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136 Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Josef Herzog
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, for the City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte California 91010, USA
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K. Høgdall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J. Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, 60201, USA
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia 20057, USA
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daehee Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Miroslav Kapuscinski
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Kruger Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, (INRASTES) Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo N-0310, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0310, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics the Maria Sklodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 44-101, Poland
| | - Ava Kwong
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yael Laitman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nhu Le
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jennifer T. Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon F. A. G. Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69373, France
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Arjen R. Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Oncologico Veneto IOV, IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Silje Nord
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Robert L. Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - David O'Malley
- The Ohio State University and the James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10017, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), 28019 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sue Kyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Celeste L. Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 16 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33606, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center and Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 34362, Israel
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Gus Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Helga B. Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, 50676 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50676 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, 50676 Cologne, Germany
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, 50676 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33606, USA
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California 94305, USA
| | - Christian F. Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga M. Sinilnikova
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon – Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marie Stenmark-Askmalm
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund 221 00, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France; Institut Curie, INSERM U830, 75248 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Soo H. Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Harvard HT Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Grazia Tibiletti
- UO Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale di Circolo-Università dell'Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Laima Tihomirova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), 64 - 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 #40-62 Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, 91405 Villejuif, France
| | - Chiu-chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | | | - Helena C. van Doorn
- Department of Gynecology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laura J. Van't Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Vanderstichele
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey N. Weitzel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, for the City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte California 91010, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California 94305, USA
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos', Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Sook-Yee Yoon
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Alvaro N. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Juliet D. French
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Stacey L. Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | | | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Osman I, Tay MLI, Pek JW. Stable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs): a new layer of gene regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3507-19. [PMID: 27147469 PMCID: PMC11108444 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon splicing, introns are rapidly degraded. Hence, RNAs derived from introns are commonly deemed as junk sequences. However, the discoveries of intronic-derived small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), small Cajal body associated RNAs (scaRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) suggested otherwise. These non-coding RNAs are shown to play various roles in gene regulation. In this review, we highlight another class of intron-derived RNAs known as stable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs). sisRNAs have been observed since the 1980 s; however, we are only beginning to understand their biological significance. Recent studies have shown or suggested that sisRNAs regulate their own host's gene expression, function as molecular sinks or sponges, and regulate protein translation. We propose that sisRNAs function as an additional layer of gene regulation in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Osman
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Mandy Li-Ian Tay
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Pek
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.
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56
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A functional variant in HOXA11-AS, a novel long non-coding RNA, inhibits the oncogenic phenotype of epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34745-57. [PMID: 26430965 PMCID: PMC4741487 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox A (HOXA) region of protein-coding genes impacts female reproductive system embryogenesis and ovarian carcinogenesis. The 5-prime end of HOXA includes three long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (HOXA10-AS, HOXA11-AS, and HOTTIP) that are underexplored in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We evaluated whether common genetic variants in these lncRNAs are associated with EOC risk and/or have functional roles in EOC development. Using genome-wide association study data from 1,201 serous EOC cases and 2,009 controls, an exonic variant within HOXA11-AS, rs17427875 (A>T), was marginally associated with reduced serous EOC risk (OR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-1.01, p = 0.06). Functional studies of ectopic expression of HOXA11-AS minor allele T in EOC cells showed decreased survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion compared to common allele A expression. Additionally, stable expression of HOXA11-AS minor allele T reduced primary tumor growth in mouse xenograft models to a greater extent than common allele A. Furthermore, HOXA11-AS expression levels were significantly lower in human EOC tumors than normal ovarian tissues (p < 0.05), suggesting that HOXA11-AS has a tumor suppressor function in EOC which may be enhanced by the T allele. These findings demonstrate for the first time a role for HOXA11-AS in EOC with effects that could be modified by germline variants.
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57
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Permuth JB, Pirie A, Ann Chen Y, Lin HY, Reid BM, Chen Z, Monteiro A, Dennis J, Mendoza-Fandino G, Anton-Culver H, Bandera EV, Bisogna M, Brinton L, Brooks-Wilson A, Carney ME, Chenevix-Trench G, Cook LS, Cramer DW, Cunningham JM, Cybulski C, D'Aloisio AA, Anne Doherty J, Earp M, Edwards RP, Fridley BL, Gayther SA, Gentry-Maharaj A, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Hogdall E, Iversen ES, Jakubowska A, Jensen A, Karlan BY, Kelemen LE, Kjaer SK, Kraft P, Le ND, Levine DA, Lissowska J, Lubinski J, Matsuo K, Menon U, Modugno R, Moysich KB, Nakanishi T, Ness RB, Olson S, Orlow I, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Poole EM, Ramus SJ, Anne Rossing M, Sandler DP, Shu XO, Song H, Taylor JA, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Tworoger SS, Webb PM, Wentzensen N, Wilkens LR, Winham S, Woo YL, Wu AH, Yang H, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Phelan CM, Schildkraut JM, Berchuck A, Goode EL, Pharoah PDP, Sellers TA. Exome genotyping arrays to identify rare and low frequency variants associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3600-3612. [PMID: 27378695 PMCID: PMC5179948 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare and low frequency variants are not well covered in most germline genotyping arrays and are understudied in relation to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. To address this gap, we used genotyping arrays targeting rarer protein-coding variation in 8,165 EOC cases and 11,619 controls from the international Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Pooled association analyses were conducted at the variant and gene level for 98,543 variants directly genotyped through two exome genotyping projects. Only common variants that represent or are in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with previously-identified signals at established loci reached traditional thresholds for exome-wide significance (P < 5.0 × 10 - 7). One of the most significant signals (Pall histologies = 1.01 × 10 - 13;Pserous = 3.54 × 10 - 14) occurred at 3q25.31 for rs62273959, a missense variant mapping to the LEKR1 gene that is in LD (r2 = 0.90) with a previously identified 'best hit' (rs7651446) mapping to an intron of TIPARP. Suggestive associations (5.0 × 10 - 5 > P≥5.0 ×10 - 7) were detected for rare and low-frequency variants at 16 novel loci. Four rare missense variants were identified (ACTBL2 rs73757391 (5q11.2), BTD rs200337373 (3p25.1), KRT13 rs150321809 (17q21.2) and MC2R rs104894658 (18p11.21)), but only MC2R rs104894668 had a large effect size (OR = 9.66). Genes most strongly associated with EOC risk included ACTBL2 (PAML = 3.23 × 10 - 5; PSKAT-o = 9.23 × 10 - 4) and KRT13 (PAML = 1.67 × 10 - 4; PSKAT-o = 1.07 × 10 - 5), reaffirming variant-level analysis. In summary, this large study identified several rare and low-frequency variants and genes that may contribute to EOC susceptibility, albeit with possible small effects. Future studies that integrate epidemiology, sequencing, and functional assays are needed to further unravel the unexplained heritability and biology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ailith Pirie
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brett M Reid
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Director of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, UCI School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael E Carney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Jennifer Anne Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NY, USA
| | - Madalene Earp
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee- Womens Research Institute & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oshin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark and Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Suzanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary Modugno
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee- Womens Research Institute & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Toru Nakanishi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Olson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York,NY, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York,NY, USA
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemology,University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Stacey Winham
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA, Exome genotyping arrays to identify rare and low frequency variants associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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58
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Cuellar-Partida G, Lu Y, Dixon SC, Fasching PA, Hein A, Burghaus S, Beckmann MW, Lambrechts D, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Vanderstichele A, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Wang-Gohrke S, Goodman MT, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, Dürst M, Hillemanns P, Runnebaum IB, Antonenkova N, Butzow R, Leminen A, Nevanlinna H, Pelttari LM, Edwards RP, Kelley JL, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Ness RB, Cannioto R, Høgdall E, Høgdall C, Jensen A, Giles GG, Bruinsma F, Kjaer SK, Hildebrandt MAT, Liang D, Lu KH, Wu X, Bisogna M, Dao F, Levine DA, Cramer DW, Terry KL, Tworoger SS, Stampfer M, Missmer S, Bjorge L, Salvesen HB, Kopperud RK, Bischof K, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Brooks-Wilson A, Olson SH, McGuire V, Rothstein JH, Sieh W, Whittemore AS, Cook LS, Le ND, Blake Gilks C, Gronwald J, Jakubowska A, Lubiński J, Kluz T, Song H, Tyrer JP, Wentzensen N, Brinton L, Trabert B, Lissowska J, McLaughlin JR, Narod SA, Phelan C, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Eccles D, Campbell I, Gayther SA, Gentry-Maharaj A, Menon U, Ramus SJ, Wu AH, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Kupryjanczyk J, Timorek A, Szafron L, Cunningham JM, Fridley BL, Winham SJ, Bandera EV, Poole EM, Morgan TK, Goode EL, Schildkraut JM, Pearce CL, Berchuck A, Pharoah PDP, Webb PM, Chenevix-Trench G, Risch HA, MacGregor S. Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes. Hum Genet 2016; 135:741-56. [PMID: 27075448 PMCID: PMC4976079 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest common cancers. The five most common types of disease are high-grade and low-grade serous, endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell carcinoma. Each of these subtypes present distinct molecular pathogeneses and sensitivities to treatments. Recent studies show that certain genetic variants confer susceptibility to all subtypes while other variants are subtype-specific. Here, we perform an extensive analysis of the genetic architecture of EOC subtypes. To this end, we used data of 10,014 invasive EOC patients and 21,233 controls from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium genotyped in the iCOGS array (211,155 SNPs). We estimate the array heritability (attributable to variants tagged on arrays) of each subtype and their genetic correlations. We also look for genetic overlaps with factors such as obesity, smoking behaviors, diabetes, age at menarche and height. We estimated the array heritabilities of high-grade serous disease ([Formula: see text] = 8.8 ± 1.1 %), endometrioid ([Formula: see text] = 3.2 ± 1.6 %), clear cell ([Formula: see text] = 6.7 ± 3.3 %) and all EOC ([Formula: see text] = 5.6 ± 0.6 %). Known associated loci contributed approximately 40 % of the total array heritability for each subtype. The contribution of each chromosome to the total heritability was not proportional to chromosome size. Through bivariate and cross-trait LD score regression, we found evidence of shared genetic backgrounds between the three high-grade subtypes: serous, endometrioid and undifferentiated. Finally, we found significant genetic correlations of all EOC with diabetes and obesity using a polygenic prediction approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yi Lu
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Suzanne C Dixon
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Burghaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Adriaan Vanderstichele
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Anne Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Community and Population Health Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena-University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena-University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rikki Cannioto
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Høgdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graham G Giles
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny Dao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey Missmer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reidun K Kopperud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katharina Bischof
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud University Medical Centre, RADBOUD Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Centre, RADBOUD Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Midwifery and Emergency Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Frederick Chopin Clinical Provincial Hospital No 1, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Campbell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szafron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terry K Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Obstetrics, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Gynaecology, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Cancer Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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Usset JL, Raghavan R, Tyrer JP, McGuire V, Sieh W, Webb P, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Anton-Culver H, Berchuck A, Brinton L, Cunningham JM, DeFazio A, Doherty JA, Edwards RP, Gayther SA, Gentry-Maharaj A, Goodman MT, Høgdall E, Jensen A, Johnatty SE, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Larson MC, Lurie G, Massuger L, Menon U, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Ness RB, Pike MC, Ramus SJ, Rossing MA, Rothstein J, Song H, Thompson PJ, van den Berg DJ, Vierkant RA, Wang-Gohrke S, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wilkens LR, Wu AH, Yang H, Pearce CL, Schildkraut JM, Pharoah P, Goode EL, Fridley BL. Assessment of Multifactor Gene-Environment Interactions and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Candidate Genes, Obesity, and Hormone-Related Risk Factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:780-90. [PMID: 26976855 PMCID: PMC4873330 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk factors relate to hormone exposure and elevated estrogen levels are associated with obesity in postmenopausal women. Therefore, we hypothesized that gene-environment interactions related to hormone-related risk factors could differ between obese and non-obese women. METHODS We considered interactions between 11,441 SNPs within 80 candidate genes related to hormone biosynthesis and metabolism and insulin-like growth factors with six hormone-related factors (oral contraceptive use, parity, endometriosis, tubal ligation, hormone replacement therapy, and estrogen use) and assessed whether these interactions differed between obese and non-obese women. Interactions were assessed using logistic regression models and data from 14 case-control studies (6,247 cases; 10,379 controls). Histotype-specific analyses were also completed. RESULTS SNPs in the following candidate genes showed notable interaction: IGF1R (rs41497346, estrogen plus progesterone hormone therapy, histology = all, P = 4.9 × 10(-6)) and ESR1 (rs12661437, endometriosis, histology = all, P = 1.5 × 10(-5)). The most notable obesity-gene-hormone risk factor interaction was within INSR (rs113759408, parity, histology = endometrioid, P = 8.8 × 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the feasibility of assessing multifactor interactions in large genetic epidemiology studies. Follow-up studies are necessary to assess the robustness of our findings for ESR1, CYP11A1, IGF1R, CYP11B1, INSR, and IGFBP2 Future work is needed to develop powerful statistical methods able to detect these complex interactions. IMPACT Assessment of multifactor interaction is feasible, and, here, suggests that the relationship between genetic variants within candidate genes and hormone-related risk factors may vary EOC susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 780-90. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Usset
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rama Raghavan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Penelope Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology, University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Marc T Goodman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sharon E Johnatty
- Division of Genetics and Public Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Leon Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Roberta B Ness
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David J van den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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60
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Earp M, Winham SJ, Larson N, Permuth JB, Sicotte H, Chien J, Anton-Culver H, Bandera EV, Berchuck A, Cook LS, Cramer D, Doherty JA, Goodman MT, Levine DA, Monteiro AN, Ness RB, Pearce CL, Rossing MA, Tworoger SS, Wentzensen N, Bisogna M, Brinton L, Brooks-Wilson A, Carney ME, Cunningham JM, Edwards RP, Fogarty ZC, Iversen ES, Kraft P, Larson MC, Le ND, Lin HY, Lissowska J, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Olson SH, Pike MC, Poole EM, Rider DN, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, van den Berg D, Vierkant RA, Vitonis AF, Wilkens LR, Wu AH, Yang HP, Ziogas A, Phelan CM, Schildkraut JM, Chen YA, Sellers TA, Fridley BL, Goode EL. A targeted genetic association study of epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7381-9. [PMID: 26848776 PMCID: PMC4884925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified several common susceptibility alleles for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To further understand EOC susceptibility, we examined previously ungenotyped candidate variants, including uncommon variants and those residing within known susceptibility loci. RESULTS At nine of eleven previously published EOC susceptibility regions (2q31, 3q25, 5p15, 8q21, 8q24, 10p12, 17q12, 17q21.31, and 19p13), novel variants were identified that were more strongly associated with risk than previously reported variants. Beyond known susceptibility regions, no variants were found to be associated with EOC risk at genome-wide statistical significance (p <5x10(-8)), nor were any significant after Bonferroni correction for 17,000 variants (p< 3x10-6). METHODS A customized genotyping array was used to assess over 17,000 variants in coding, non-coding, regulatory, and known susceptibility regions in 4,973 EOC cases and 5,640 controls from 13 independent studies. Susceptibility for EOC overall and for select histotypes was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for age, study site, and population substructure. CONCLUSION Given the novel variants identified within the 2q31, 3q25, 5p15, 8q21, 8q24, 10p12, 17q12, 17q21.31, and 19p13 regions, larger follow-up genotyping studies, using imputation where necessary, are needed for fine-mapping and confirmation of low frequency variants that fall below statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene Earp
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J. Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro N.A. Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Celeste L. Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael E. Carney
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary C. Fogarty
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Edwin S. Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa C. Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, US
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malcolm C. Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, US
| | - Elizabeth M. Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David N. Rider
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela J. Thompson
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David van den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allison F. Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yian Ann Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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61
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Lee AW, Templeman C, Stram DA, Beesley J, Tyrer J, Berchuck A, Pharoah PP, Chenevix-Trench G, Pearce CL. Evidence of a genetic link between endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:35-43.e1-10. [PMID: 26477498 PMCID: PMC5068352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether endometriosis-associated genetic variation affects risk of ovarian cancer. DESIGN Pooled genetic analysis. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Genetic data from 46,176 participants (15,361 ovarian cancer cases and 30,815 controls) from 41 ovarian cancer studies. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endometriosis-associated genetic variation and ovarian cancer. RESULT(S) There was significant evidence of an association between endometriosis-related genetic variation and ovarian cancer risk, especially for the high-grade serous and clear cell histotypes. Overall we observed 15 significant burden statistics, which was three times more than expected. CONCLUSION(S) By focusing on candidate regions from a phenotype associated with ovarian cancer, we have shown a clear genetic link between endometriosis and ovarian cancer that warrants further follow-up. The functional significance of the identified regions and SNPs is presently uncertain, though future fine mapping and histotype-specific functional analyses may shed light on the etiologies of both gynecologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice W Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Claire Templeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Douglas A Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology and Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul P Pharoah
- Department of Oncology and Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care and Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Ramus SJ, Song H, Dicks E, Tyrer JP, Rosenthal AN, Intermaggio MP, Fraser L, Gentry-Maharaj A, Hayward J, Philpott S, Anderson C, Edlund CK, Conti D, Harrington P, Barrowdale D, Bowtell DD, Alsop K, Mitchell G, Cicek MS, Cunningham JM, Fridley BL, Alsop J, Jimenez-Linan M, Poblete S, Lele S, Sucheston-Campbell L, Moysich KB, Sieh W, McGuire V, Lester J, Bogdanova N, Dürst M, Hillemanns P, Odunsi K, Whittemore AS, Karlan BY, Dörk T, Goode EL, Menon U, Jacobs IJ, Antoniou AC, Pharoah PDP, Gayther SA. Germline Mutations in the BRIP1, BARD1, PALB2, and NBN Genes in Women With Ovarian Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv214. [PMID: 26315354 PMCID: PMC4643629 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, responsible for 13 000 deaths per year in the United States. Risk prediction based on identifying germline mutations in ovarian cancer susceptibility genes could have a clinically significant impact on reducing disease mortality. METHODS Next generation sequencing was used to identify germline mutations in the coding regions of four candidate susceptibility genes-BRIP1, BARD1, PALB2 and NBN-in 3236 invasive EOC case patients and 3431 control patients of European origin, and in 2000 unaffected high-risk women from a clinical screening trial of ovarian cancer (UKFOCSS). For each gene, we estimated the prevalence and EOC risks and evaluated associations between germline variant status and clinical and epidemiological risk factor information. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We found an increased frequency of deleterious mutations in BRIP1 in case patients (0.9%) and in the UKFOCSS participants (0.6%) compared with control patients (0.09%) (P = 1 x 10(-4) and 8 x 10(-4), respectively), but no differences for BARD1 (P = .39), NBN1 ( P = .61), or PALB2 (P = .08). There was also a difference in the frequency of rare missense variants in BRIP1 between case patients and control patients (P = 5.5 x 10(-4)). The relative risks associated with BRIP1 mutations were 11.22 for invasive EOC (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.22 to 34.10, P = 1 x 10(-4)) and 14.09 for high-grade serous disease (95% CI = 4.04 to 45.02, P = 2 x 10(-5)). Segregation analysis in families estimated the average relative risks in BRIP1 mutation carriers compared with the general population to be 3.41 (95% CI = 2.12 to 5.54, P = 7×10(-7)). CONCLUSIONS Deleterious germline mutations in BRIP1 are associated with a moderate increase in EOC risk. These data have clinical implications for risk prediction and prevention approaches for ovarian cancer and emphasize the critical need for risk estimates based on very large sample sizes before genes of moderate penetrance have clinical utility in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Adam N Rosenthal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Maria P Intermaggio
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Lindsay Fraser
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Jane Hayward
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Susan Philpott
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Christopher Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Christopher K Edlund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - David D Bowtell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Mine S Cicek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Jennifer Alsop
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Samantha Poblete
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Shashi Lele
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Jenny Lester
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Usha Menon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Ian J Jacobs
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (SJR, MPI, CKE, DC, SAG); CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK (HS, ED, JPT, PH, JA, PDPP); Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK (ANR, LF, AGM, JH, SP, CA, UM, IJJ); Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (DB, ACA); Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, KA, GM, AOCSSG); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB); Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (DDB, GM); Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (DDB); Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (AOCSSG); The QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (AOCSSG); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MSC, JMC, ELG); Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS (BLF); Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (MJL); Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (SP, SL, KO); Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (LSC, KBM); Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (WS, VM, ASW); Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (JL, BYK); Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (NB, TD); Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
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Lawrenson K, Iversen ES, Tyrer J, Weber RP, Concannon P, Hazelett DJ, Li Q, Marks JR, Berchuck A, Lee JM, Aben KKH, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova N, Bandera EV, Bean Y, Beckmann MW, Bisogna M, Bjorge L, Bogdanova N, Brinton LA, Brooks-Wilson A, Bruinsma F, Butzow R, Campbell IG, Carty K, Chang-Claude J, Chenevix-Trench G, Chen A, Chen Z, Cook LS, Cramer DW, Cunningham JM, Cybulski C, Plisiecka-Halasa J, Dennis J, Dicks E, Doherty JA, Dörk T, du Bois A, Eccles D, Easton DT, Edwards RP, Eilber U, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fridley BL, Gao YT, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Goode EL, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Harter P, Hasmad HN, Hein A, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Hillemanns P, Hogdall E, Hogdall C, Hosono S, Jakubowska A, Paul J, Jensen A, Karlan BY, Kjaer SK, Kelemen LE, Kellar M, Kelley JL, Kiemeney LA, Krakstad C, Lambrechts D, Lambrechts S, Le ND, Lee AW, Cannioto R, Leminen A, Lester J, Levine DA, Liang D, Lissowska J, Lu K, Lubinski J, Lundvall L, Massuger LFAG, Matsuo K, McGuire V, McLaughlin JR, Nevanlinna H, McNeish I, Menon U, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Narod SA, Nedergaard L, Ness RB, Noor Azmi MA, Odunsi K, Olson SH, Orlow I, Orsulic S, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Pelttari LM, Permuth-Wey J, Phelan CM, Pike MC, Poole EM, Ramus SJ, Risch HA, Rosen B, Rossing MA, Rothstein JH, Rudolph A, Runnebaum IB, Rzepecka IK, Salvesen HB, Budzilowska A, Sellers TA, Shu XO, Shvetsov YB, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Song H, Southey MC, Sucheston L, Tangen IL, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Timorek A, Tworoger SS, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Vierkant RA, Wang-Gohrke S, Walsh C, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wicklund KG, Wilkens LR, Woo YL, Wu X, Wu AH, Yang H, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Coetzee GA, Freedman ML, Monteiro ANA, Moes-Sosnowska J, Kupryjanczyk J, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA, Schildkraut JM. Common variants at the CHEK2 gene locus and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1341-53. [PMID: 26424751 PMCID: PMC4635670 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified 20 genomic regions associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but many additional risk variants may exist. Here, we evaluated associations between common genetic variants [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels] in DNA repair genes and EOC risk. We genotyped 2896 common variants at 143 gene loci in DNA samples from 15 397 patients with invasive EOC and controls. We found evidence of associations with EOC risk for variants at FANCA, EXO1, E2F4, E2F2, CREB5 and CHEK2 genes (P ≤ 0.001). The strongest risk association was for CHEK2 SNP rs17507066 with serous EOC (P = 4.74 x 10(-7)). Additional genotyping and imputation of genotypes from the 1000 genomes project identified a slightly more significant association for CHEK2 SNP rs6005807 (r (2) with rs17507066 = 0.84, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.11-1.24, P = 1.1×10(-7)). We identified 293 variants in the region with likelihood ratios of less than 1:100 for representing the causal variant. Functional annotation identified 25 candidate SNPs that alter transcription factor binding sites within regulatory elements active in EOC precursor tissues. In The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, CHEK2 gene expression was significantly higher in primary EOCs compared to normal fallopian tube tissues (P = 3.72×10(-8)). We also identified an association between genotypes of the candidate causal SNP rs12166475 (r (2) = 0.99 with rs6005807) and CHEK2 expression (P = 2.70×10(-8)). These data suggest that common variants at 22q12.1 are associated with risk of serous EOC and CHEK2 as a plausible target susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lawrenson
- Present address: Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA and
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Genetics Institute and Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Katja K H Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Utrecht 3542 EG, The Netherlands
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., Minsk 223052, Belarus
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Yukie Bean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway, Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3002, Australia, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Karen Carty
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69009, Germany
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - Joanna Plisiecka-Halasa
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Genetics Institute and Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden 65199, Germany
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Douglas T Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK, Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69009, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Community and Population Health Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen 45136, Germany, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden 65199, Germany
| | - Hanis Nazihah Hasmad
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen 45136, Germany, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden 65199, Germany
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark, Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Claus Hogdall
- Gyn Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Susanne Kruger Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark, Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Melissa Kellar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence and Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway, Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Rikki Cannioto
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Gyn Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA, Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77225, USA
| | - Mat Adenan Noor Azmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Jennifer Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Barry Rosen
- Department of Gynecologic-Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X6, Canada
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69009, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-115, Poland
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway, Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Agnieszka Budzilowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii 96826, USA
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Lara Sucheston
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Ingvild L Tangen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway, Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Community and Population Health Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw 03-242, Poland
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristine G Wicklund
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii 96826, USA
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Utrecht 3542 EG, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, 02115, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA and
| | - Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research laboratory, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA,
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Burghaus S, Häberle L, Schrauder MG, Heusinger K, Thiel FC, Hein A, Wachter D, Strehl J, Hartmann A, Ekici AB, Renner SP, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA. Endometriosis as a risk factor for ovarian or endometrial cancer - results of a hospital-based case-control study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:751. [PMID: 26487094 PMCID: PMC4618513 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No screening programs are available for ovarian or endometrial cancer. One reason for this is the low incidence of the conditions, resulting in low positive predictive values for tests, which are not very specific. One way of addressing this problem might be to use risk factors to define subpopulations with a higher incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which a medical history of endometriosis can serve as a risk factor for ovarian or endometrial cancer. Methods In a hospital-based case–control analysis, the cases represented patients with endometrial or ovarian cancer who were participating in studies aimed at assessing the risk for these diseases. The controls were women between the age of 40 and 85 who were invited to take part via a newspaper advertisement. A total of 289 cases and 1016 controls were included. Using logistic regression models, it was tested whether self-reported endometriosis is a predictor of case–control status in addition to age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies and previous oral contraceptive (OC) use. Results Endometriosis was reported in 2.1 % of the controls (n = 21) and 4.8 % of the cases (n = 14). Endometriosis was a relevant predictor for case–control status in addition to other predictive factors (OR 2.63; 95 % CI, 1.28 to 5.41). Conclusion This case–control study found that self-reported endometriosis may be a risk factor for endometrial or ovarian cancer in women between 40 and 85 years. There have been very few studies addressing this issue, and incorporating it into a clinical prediction model would require a more precise characterization of the risk factor of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Burghaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lothar Häberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany. .,Biostatistics Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael G Schrauder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Heusinger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Falk C Thiel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany. .,Current address: ALB FILS KLINKEN GmbH, Goeppingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David Wachter
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johanna Strehl
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stefan P Renner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Vasilatou D, Sioulas VD, Pappa V, Papageorgiou SG, Vlahos NF. The role of miRNAs in endometrial cancer. Epigenomics 2015; 7:951-9. [PMID: 26443384 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Since their discovery, miRNAs have been associated with every cell function including malignant transformation and metastasis. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. However, improvement should be made in interobserver agreement on histological typing and individualized therapeutic approaches. This article summarizes the role of miRNAs in endometrial cancer pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantina Vasilatou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Institute, Hematology Unit, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Institute, Hematology Unit, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Institute, Hematology Unit, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
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66
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Kar SP, Tyrer JP, Li Q, Lawrenson K, Aben KKH, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova N, Chenevix-Trench G, Baker H, Bandera EV, Bean YT, Beckmann MW, Berchuck A, Bisogna M, Bjørge L, Bogdanova N, Brinton L, Brooks-Wilson A, Butzow R, Campbell I, Carty K, Chang-Claude J, Chen YA, Chen Z, Cook LS, Cramer D, Cunningham JM, Cybulski C, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Dennis J, Dicks E, Doherty JA, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dürst M, Eccles D, Easton DF, Edwards RP, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fridley BL, Gao YT, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Goode EL, Goodman MT, Grownwald J, Harrington P, Harter P, Hein A, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Hillemanns P, Hogdall E, Hogdall CK, Hosono S, Iversen ES, Jakubowska A, Paul J, Jensen A, Ji BT, Karlan BY, Kjaer SK, Kelemen LE, Kellar M, Kelley J, Kiemeney LA, Krakstad C, Kupryjanczyk J, Lambrechts D, Lambrechts S, Le ND, Lee AW, Lele S, Leminen A, Lester J, Levine DA, Liang D, Lissowska J, Lu K, Lubinski J, Lundvall L, Massuger L, Matsuo K, McGuire V, McLaughlin JR, McNeish IA, Menon U, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Narod SA, Nedergaard L, Ness RB, Nevanlinna H, Odunsi K, Olson SH, Orlow I, Orsulic S, Weber RP, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Pelttari LM, Permuth-Wey J, Phelan CM, Pike MC, Poole EM, Ramus SJ, Risch HA, Rosen B, Rossing MA, Rothstein JH, Rudolph A, Runnebaum IB, Rzepecka IK, Salvesen HB, Schildkraut JM, Schwaab I, Shu XO, Shvetsov YB, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Song H, Southey MC, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Tangen IL, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Timorek A, Tsai YY, Tworoger SS, van Altena AM, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Vierkant RA, Wang-Gohrke S, Walsh C, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wicklund KG, Wilkens LR, Woo YL, Wu X, Wu A, Yang H, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Sellers TA, Monteiro ANA, Freedman ML, Gayther SA, Pharoah PDP. Network-Based Integration of GWAS and Gene Expression Identifies a HOX-Centric Network Associated with Serous Ovarian Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1574-84. [PMID: 26209509 PMCID: PMC4592449 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have so far reported 12 loci associated with serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. We hypothesized that some of these loci function through nearby transcription factor (TF) genes and that putative target genes of these TFs as identified by coexpression may also be enriched for additional EOC risk associations. METHODS We selected TF genes within 1 Mb of the top signal at the 12 genome-wide significant risk loci. Mutual information, a form of correlation, was used to build networks of genes strongly coexpressed with each selected TF gene in the unified microarray dataset of 489 serous EOC tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Genes represented in this dataset were subsequently ranked using a gene-level test based on results for germline SNPs from a serous EOC GWAS meta-analysis (2,196 cases/4,396 controls). RESULTS Gene set enrichment analysis identified six networks centered on TF genes (HOXB2, HOXB5, HOXB6, HOXB7 at 17q21.32 and HOXD1, HOXD3 at 2q31) that were significantly enriched for genes from the risk-associated end of the ranked list (P < 0.05 and FDR < 0.05). These results were replicated (P < 0.05) using an independent association study (7,035 cases/21,693 controls). Genes underlying enrichment in the six networks were pooled into a combined network. CONCLUSION We identified a HOX-centric network associated with serous EOC risk containing several genes with known or emerging roles in serous EOC development. IMPACT Network analysis integrating large, context-specific datasets has the potential to offer mechanistic insights into cancer susceptibility and prioritize genes for experimental characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha P Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Director of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Helen Baker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Yukie T Bean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland. Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Carty
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yian Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniel Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany. Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom. Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arif B Ekici
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany. University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Women's Cancer, University College London Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jacek Grownwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany. Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany. Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hillemanns
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K Hogdall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Melissa Kellar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium. Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alice W Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shashi Lele
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon Massuger
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, University College London Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | | | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Barry Rosen
- Department of Gynecologic-Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Anja Rudolph
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Honglin Song
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ingvild L Tangen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kristine G Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Director of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Srinivasan S, Clements JA, Batra J. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in clinics: Fantasy or reality for cancer? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:29-39. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1075469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lawrenson K, Li Q, Kar S, Seo JH, Tyrer J, Spindler TJ, Lee J, Chen Y, Karst A, Drapkin R, Aben KKH, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova N, Baker H, Bandera EV, Bean Y, Beckmann MW, Berchuck A, Bisogna M, Bjorge L, Bogdanova N, Brinton LA, Brooks-Wilson A, Bruinsma F, Butzow R, Campbell IG, Carty K, Chang-Claude J, Chenevix-Trench G, Chen A, Chen Z, Cook LS, Cramer DW, Cunningham JM, Cybulski C, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Dennis J, Dicks E, Doherty JA, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dürst M, Eccles D, Easton DT, Edwards RP, Eilber U, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fridley BL, Gao YT, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Goode EL, Goodman MT, Grownwald J, Harrington P, Harter P, Hasmad HN, Hein A, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Hillemanns P, Hogdall E, Hogdall C, Hosono S, Iversen ES, Jakubowska A, James P, Jensen A, Ji BT, Karlan BY, Kruger Kjaer S, Kelemen LE, Kellar M, Kelley JL, Kiemeney LA, Krakstad C, Kupryjanczyk J, Lambrechts D, Lambrechts S, Le ND, Lee AW, Lele S, Leminen A, Lester J, Levine DA, Liang D, Lissowska J, Lu K, Lubinski J, Lundvall L, Massuger LFAG, Matsuo K, McGuire V, McLaughlin JR, Nevanlinna H, McNeish I, Menon U, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Narod SA, Nedergaard L, Ness RB, Azmi MAN, Odunsi K, Olson SH, Orlow I, Orsulic S, Weber RP, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Pelttari LM, Permuth-Wey J, Phelan CM, Pike MC, Poole EM, Ramus SJ, Risch HA, Rosen B, Rossing MA, Rothstein JH, Rudolph A, Runnebaum IB, Rzepecka IK, Salvesen HB, Schildkraut JM, Schwaab I, Sellers TA, Shu XO, Shvetsov YB, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Song H, Southey MC, Sucheston L, Tangen IL, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Timorek A, Tsai YY, Tworoger SS, van Altena AM, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Vierkant RA, Wang-Gohrke S, Walsh C, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wicklund KG, Wilkens LR, Woo YL, Wu X, Wu AH, Yang H, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Monteiro A, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA, Freedman ML. Cis-eQTL analysis and functional validation of candidate susceptibility genes for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8234. [PMID: 26391404 PMCID: PMC4580986 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have reported 11 regions conferring risk of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses can identify candidate susceptibility genes at risk loci. Here we evaluate cis-eQTL associations at 47 regions associated with HGSOC risk (P≤10(-5)). For three cis-eQTL associations (P<1.4 × 10(-3), FDR<0.05) at 1p36 (CDC42), 1p34 (CDCA8) and 2q31 (HOXD9), we evaluate the functional role of each candidate by perturbing expression of each gene in HGSOC precursor cells. Overexpression of HOXD9 increases anchorage-independent growth, shortens population-doubling time and reduces contact inhibition. Chromosome conformation capture identifies an interaction between rs2857532 and the HOXD9 promoter, suggesting this SNP is a leading causal variant. Transcriptomic profiling after HOXD9 overexpression reveals enrichment of HGSOC risk variants within HOXD9 target genes (P=6 × 10(-10) for risk variants (P<10(-4)) within 10 kb of a HOXD9 target gene in ovarian cells), suggesting a broader role for this network in genetic susceptibility to HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tassja J. Spindler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Janet Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Bioinformatics Service, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Alison Karst
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Katja K. H. Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Netherlands, PO Box 19079, 3501 DB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Director of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., 223040 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Helen Baker
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Yukie Bean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5058 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian G. Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Karen Carty
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Anne Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136 Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital—Friedrich Schiller University, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Douglas T. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Ursula Eilber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Jacek Grownwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136 Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hanis Nazihah Hasmad
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136 Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Michelle A. T. Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Hogdall
- Gyn Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-0021, Japan
| | - Edwin S. Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul James
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Susanne Kruger Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda E. Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29435, USA
| | - Melissa Kellar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Joseph L. Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Mentre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5058 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Alice W. Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Shashi Lele
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon F. A. G. Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California 94305, USA
| | - John R. McLaughlin
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10017, USA
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mat Adenan Noor Azmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10017, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10017, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Celeste L. Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Liisa M. Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Malcolm C. Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Barry Rosen
- Department of Gynecologic-Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2J7
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California 94305, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital—Friedrich Schiller University, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | - Iwona K. Rzepecka
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helga B. Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5058 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yurii B. Shvetsov
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, USA
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California 94305, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lara Sucheston
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Ingvild L. Tangen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5058 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Pamela J. Thompson
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anne M. van Altena
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California 94305, USA
| | - Kristine G. Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, USA
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Director of Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Alvaro Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Paul D. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Guerra L, Diociaiuti A, El Hachem M, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Ichthyosis with confetti: clinics, molecular genetics and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:115. [PMID: 26381864 PMCID: PMC4573700 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyosis with confetti (IWC) is an autosomal dominant congenital ichthyosis also known as ichthyosis variegata or congenital reticular ichthyosiform erythroderma. It manifests at birth with generalized ichthyosiform erythroderma or with a collodion baby picture. The erythrodermic and ichthyotic phenotype persists during life and its severity may modify. However, the hallmark of the disease is the appearance, in childhood or later in life, of healthy skin confetti-like spots, which increase in number and size with time. IWC is a very rare genodermatosis, with a prevalence <1/1,000,000 and only 40 cases reported worldwide. The most important associated clinical features include ear deformities, mammillae hypoplasia, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypertrichosis and ectropion. IWC is due to dominant negative mutations in the KRT10 and KRT1 genes, encoding for keratins 10 and keratin 1, respectively. In this context, healthy skin confetti-like spots represent “repaired” skin due to independent events of reversion of keratin gene mutations via mitotic recombination. In most cases, IWC clinical suspicion is delayed until the detection of white skin spots. Clinical features, which may represent hint to the diagnosis of IWC even before appearance of confetti-like spots, include ear and mammillae hypoplasia, the progressive development of hypertrichosis and, in some patients, of adherent verrucous plaques of hyperkeratosis. Altogether the histopathological finding of keratinocyte vacuolization and the nuclear staining for keratin 10 and keratin 1 by immunofluorescence are pathognomonic. Nevertheless, mutational analysis of KRT10 or KRT1 genes is at present the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis. IWC has to be differentiated mainly from congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Differential diagnosis also includes syndromic ichthyoses, in particular Netherton syndrome, and the keratinopathic ichthyoses. Most of reported IWC cases are sporadic, but familial cases with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance have been also described. Therefore, knowledge of the mutation is the only way to properly counsel the couples. No specific and satisfactory therapy is currently available for IWC. Like for other congenital ichthyoses, topical treatments (mainly emollients and keratolytics) are symptomatic and offer only temporary relief. Among systemic treatments, retinoids, in particular acitretin, improve disease symptoms in most patients. Although at present there is no curative therapy for ichthyoses, treatments have improved considerably over the years and the best therapy for each patient is always the result of both physician and patient efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Machiela MJ, Ho BM, Fisher VA, Hua X, Chanock SJ. Limited evidence that cancer susceptibility regions are preferential targets for somatic mutation. Genome Biol 2015; 16:193. [PMID: 26374197 PMCID: PMC4571124 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome wide-association studies have successfully identified several hundred independent loci harboring common cancer susceptibility alleles that are distinct from the more than 110 cancer predisposition genes. The latter are generally characterized by disruptive mutations in coding genes that have been established as 'drivers' of cancer in large somatic sequencing studies. We set out to determine whether, similarly, common cancer susceptibility loci map to genes that have altered frequencies of mutation. RESULTS In our analysis of the intervals defined by the cancer susceptibility markers, we observed that cancer susceptibility regions have gene mutation frequencies comparable to background mutation frequencies. Restricting analyses to genes that have been determined to be pleiotropic across cancer types, genes affected by expression quantitative trait loci, or functional genes indicates that most cancer susceptibility genes classified into these subgroups do not display mutation frequencies that deviate from those expected. We observed limited evidence that cancer susceptibility regions that harbor common alleles with small estimated effect sizes are preferential targets for altered somatic mutation frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a complex interplay between germline susceptibility and somatic mutation, underscoring the cumulative effect of common variants on redundant pathways as opposed to driver genes. Complex biological pathways and networks likely link these genetic features of carcinogenesis, particularly as they relate to distinct polygenic models for each cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Brian M Ho
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Victoria A Fisher
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Song H, Dicks E, Ramus SJ, Tyrer JP, Intermaggio MP, Hayward J, Edlund CK, Conti D, Harrington P, Fraser L, Philpott S, Anderson C, Rosenthal A, Gentry-Maharaj A, Bowtell DD, Alsop K, Cicek MS, Cunningham JM, Fridley BL, Alsop J, Jimenez-Linan M, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Jensen A, Kjaer SK, Lubiński J, Huzarski T, Jakubowska A, Gronwald J, Poblete S, Lele S, Sucheston-Campbell L, Moysich KB, Odunsi K, Goode EL, Menon U, Jacobs IJ, Gayther SA, Pharoah PDP. Contribution of Germline Mutations in the RAD51B, RAD51C, and RAD51D Genes to Ovarian Cancer in the Population. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2901-7. [PMID: 26261251 PMCID: PMC4554751 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of deleterious mutations in the RAD51B, RAD51C, and RAD51D genes to invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in the population and in a screening trial of individuals at high risk of ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The coding sequence and splice site boundaries of the three RAD51 genes were sequenced and analyzed in germline DNA from a case-control study of 3,429 patients with invasive EOC and 2,772 controls as well as in 2,000 unaffected women who were BRCA1/BRCA2 negative from the United Kingdom Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study (UK_FOCSS) after quality-control analysis. RESULTS In the case-control study, we identified predicted deleterious mutations in 28 EOC cases (0.82%) compared with three controls (0.11%; P < .001). Mutations in EOC cases were more frequent in RAD51C (14 occurrences, 0.41%) and RAD51D (12 occurrences, 0.35%) than in RAD51B (two occurrences, 0.06%). RAD51C mutations were associated with an odds ratio of 5.2 (95% CI, 1.1 to 24; P = .035), and RAD51D mutations conferred an odds ratio of 12 (95% CI, 1.5 to 90; P = .019). We identified 13 RAD51 mutations (0.65%) in unaffected UK_FOCSS participants (RAD51C, n = 7; RAD51D, n = 5; and RAD51B, n = 1), which was a significantly greater rate than in controls (P < .001); furthermore, RAD51 mutation carriers were more likely than noncarriers to have a family history of ovarian cancer (P < .001). CONCLUSION These results confirm that RAD51C and RAD51D are moderate ovarian cancer susceptibility genes and suggest that they confer levels of risk of EOC that may warrant their use alongside BRCA1 and BRCA2 in routine clinical genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Song
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ed Dicks
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Maria P Intermaggio
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jane Hayward
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Christopher K Edlund
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - David Conti
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Lindsay Fraser
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Susan Philpott
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Christopher Anderson
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Adam Rosenthal
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - David D Bowtell
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Mine S Cicek
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jennifer Alsop
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Allan Jensen
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjaer
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Samantha Poblete
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Shashi Lele
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Usha Menon
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ian J Jacobs
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Honglin Song, Ed Dicks, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Patricia Harrington, Jennifer Alsop, and Paul D.P. Pharoah, University of Cambridge; Mercedes Jimenez-Linan, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; Jane Hayward, Lindsay Fraser, Susan Philpott, Christopher Anderson, Adam Rosenthal, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Usha Menon, and Ian J. Jacobs, University College London; David D. Bowtell, Imperial College London, London; Ian J. Jacobs, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Susan J. Ramus, Maria P. Intermaggio, Christopher K. Edlund, David Conti, and Simon A. Gayther, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; David D. Bowtell and Kathryn Alsop, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; David D. Bowtell, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mine S. Cicek, Julie M. Cunningham, and Ellen L. Goode, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Brooke L. Fridley, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; Estrid Høgdall, Allan Jensen, and Susanne Krüger, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Estrid Høgdall, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Claus K. Høgdall and Susanne Krüger, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jan Lubiński, Tomasz Huzarski, Anna Jakubowska, and Jacek Gronwald, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; and Samantha Poblete, Shashi Lele, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Kirsten B. Moysich, and Kunle Odunsi, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Earp MA, Cunningham JM. DNA methylation changes in epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes. Genomics 2015; 106:311-21. [PMID: 26363302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer has not improved, and despite histological differences, treatment is similar for all cases. Understanding the molecular basis for ovarian cancer risk and prognosis is fundamental, and to this end much has been gleaned about genetic changes contributing to risk, and to a lesser extent, survival. There's considerable evidence for genetic differences between the four pathologically defined histological subtypes; however, the contribution of epigenetics is less well documented. In this report, we review alterations in DNA methylation in ovarian cancer, focusing on histological subtypes, and studies examining the roles of methylation in determining therapy response. As epigenetics is making its way into clinical care, we review the application of cell free DNA methylation to ovarian cancer diagnosis and care. Finally, we comment on recurrent limitations in the DNA methylation literature for ovarian cancer, which can and should be addressed to mature this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene A Earp
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Regulatory T cells, inherited variation, and clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1495-504. [PMID: 26298430 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system constitutes one of the host factors modifying outcomes in ovarian cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are believed to be a major factor in preventing the immune response from destroying ovarian cancers. Understanding mechanisms that regulate Tregs in the tumor microenvironment could lead to the identification of novel targets aimed at reducing their influence. In this study, we used immunofluorescence-based microscopy to enumerate Tregs, total CD4 T cells, and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in fresh frozen tumors from over 400 patients with ovarian cancer (>80 % high-grade serous). We sought to determine whether Tregs were associated with survival and genetic variation in 79 genes known to influence Treg induction, trafficking, or function. We used Cox regression, accounting for known prognostic factors, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with T cell counts and ratios. We found that the ratios of CD8 T cells and total CD4 T cells to Tregs were associated with improved overall survival (CD8/Treg HR 0.84, p = 0.0089; CD4/Treg HR 0.88, p = 0.046) and with genetic variation in IL-10 (p = 0.0073 and 0.01, respectively). In multivariate analyses, the associations between the ratios and overall survival remained similar (IL-10 and clinical covariate-adjusted CD8/Treg HR 0.85, p = 0.031; CD4/Treg HR 0.87, p = 0.093), suggesting that this association was not driven by variation in IL-10. Thus, integration of novel tumor phenotyping measures with extensive clinical and genetic information suggests that the ratio of T cells to Tregs may be prognostic of outcome in ovarian cancer, regardless of inherited genotype in genes related to Tregs.
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Kelemen LE, Lawrenson K, Tyrer J, Li Q, Lee JM, Seo JH, Phelan CM, Beesley J, Chen X, Spindler TJ, Aben KKH, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova N. Genome-wide significant risk associations for mucinous ovarian carcinoma. Nat Genet 2015; 47:888-97. [PMID: 26075790 PMCID: PMC4520768 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified several risk associations for ovarian carcinomas but not for mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOCs). Our analysis of 1,644 MOC cases and 21,693 controls with imputation identified 3 new risk associations: rs752590 at 2q13 (P = 3.3 × 10(-8)), rs711830 at 2q31.1 (P = 7.5 × 10(-12)) and rs688187 at 19q13.2 (P = 6.8 × 10(-13)). We identified significant expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) associations for HOXD9 at 2q31.1 in ovarian (P = 4.95 × 10(-4), false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.003) and colorectal (P = 0.01, FDR = 0.09) tumors and for PAX8 at 2q13 in colorectal tumors (P = 0.03, FDR = 0.09). Chromosome conformation capture analysis identified interactions between the HOXD9 promoter and risk-associated SNPs at 2q31.1. Overexpressing HOXD9 in MOC cells augmented the neoplastic phenotype. These findings provide the first evidence for MOC susceptibility variants and insights into the underlying biology of the disease.
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75
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Pearce CL, Stram DO, Ness RB, Stram DA, Roman LD, Templeman C, Lee AW, Menon U, Fasching PA, McAlpine JN, Doherty JA, Modugno F, Schildkraut JM, Rossing MA, Huntsman DG, Wu AH, Berchuck A, Pike MC, Pharoah PD. Population distribution of lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:671-676. [PMID: 25623732 PMCID: PMC4892114 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In U.S. women, lifetime risk of ovarian cancer is 1.37%, but some women are at a substantially lower or higher risk than this average. METHODS We have characterized the distribution of lifetime risk in the general population. Published data on the relative risks and their variances for five well-accepted risk and protective factors for ovarian cancer, oral contraceptive use, parity, tubal ligation, endometriosis, and first-degree family history of ovarian cancer in conjunction with a genetic risk score using genome-wide significant common, low penetrance variants were used. The joint distribution of these factors (i.e., risk/protective factor profiles) was derived using control data from four U.S. population-based studies, providing a broad representation of women in the United States. RESULTS A total of 214 combinations of risk/protective factors were observed, and the lifetime risk estimates ranged from 0.35% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29-0.42] to 8.78% (95% CI, 7.10-10.9). Among women with lifetime risk ranging from 4% to 9%, 73% had no family history of ovarian cancer; most of these women had a self-reported history of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Profiles including the known modifiable protective factors of oral contraceptive use and tubal ligation were associated with a lower lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptive use and tubal ligation were essentially absent among the women at 4% to 9% lifetime risk. IMPACT This work demonstrates that there are women in the general population who have a much higher than average lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Preventive strategies are available. Should effective screening become available, higher than average risk women can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Douglas A. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynda D. Roman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claire Templeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alice W. Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, UK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica N. McAlpine
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Gynecologic Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Malcolm C. Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Lee AW, Tyrer JP, Doherty JA, Stram DA, Kupryjanczyk J, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Plisiecka-Halasa J, Spiewankiewicz B, Myers EJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Hein A, Vergote I, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Lambrechts D, Wicklund KG, Eilber U, Wang-Gohrke S, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Sucheston-Campbell L, Odunsi K, Moysich KB, Shvetsov YB, Thompson PJ, Goodman MT, Wilkens LR, Dörk T, Hillemanns P, Dürst M, Runnebaum IB, Bogdanova N, Pelttari LM, Nevanlinna H, Leminen A, Edwards RP, Kelley JL, Harter P, Schwaab I, Heitz F, du Bois A, Orsulic S, Lester J, Walsh C, Karlan BY, Hogdall E, Kjaer SK, Jensen A, Vierkant RA, Cunningham JM, Goode EL, Fridley BL, Southey MC, Giles GG, Bruinsma F, Wu X, Hildebrandt MAT, Lu K, Liang D, Bisogna M, Levine DA, Weber RP, Schildkraut JM, Iversen ES, Berchuck A, Terry KL, Cramer DW, Tworoger SS, Poole EM, Olson SH, Orlow I, Bandera EV, Bjorge L, Tangen IL, Salvesen HB, Krakstad C, Massuger LFAG, Kiemeney LA, Aben KKH, van Altena AM, Bean Y, Pejovic T, Kellar M, Le ND, Cook LS, Kelemen LE, Brooks-Wilson A, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Cybulski C, Jakubowska A, Wentzensen N, Brinton LA, Lissowska J, Yang H, Nedergaard L, Lundvall L, Hogdall C, Song H, Campbell IG, Eccles D, Glasspool R, Siddiqui N, Carty K, Paul J, McNeish IA, Sieh W, McGuire V, Rothstein JH, Whittemore AS, McLaughlin JR, Risch HA, Phelan CM, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Menon U, Ramus SJ, Gentry-Maharaj A, Harrington P, Pike MC, Modugno F, Rossing MA, Ness RB, Pharoah PDP, Stram DO, Wu AH, Pearce CL. Evaluating the ovarian cancer gonadotropin hypothesis: a candidate gene study. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 136:542-8. [PMID: 25528498 PMCID: PMC4892108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is a hormone-related disease with a strong genetic basis. However, none of its high-penetrance susceptibility genes and GWAS-identified variants to date are known to be involved in hormonal pathways. Given the hypothesized etiologic role of gonadotropins, an assessment of how variability in genes involved in the gonadotropin signaling pathway impacts disease risk is warranted. METHODS Genetic data from 41 ovarian cancer study sites were pooled and unconditional logistic regression was used to evaluate whether any of the 2185 SNPs from 11 gonadotropin signaling pathway genes was associated with ovarian cancer risk. A burden test using the admixture likelihood (AML) method was also used to evaluate gene-level associations. RESULTS We did not find any genome-wide significant associations between individual SNPs and ovarian cancer risk. However, there was some suggestion of gene-level associations for four gonadotropin signaling pathway genes: INHBB (p=0.045, mucinous), LHCGR (p=0.046, high-grade serous), GNRH (p=0.041, high-grade serous), and FSHB (p=0.036, overall invasive). There was also suggestive evidence for INHA (p=0.060, overall invasive). CONCLUSIONS Ovarian cancer studies have limited sample numbers, thus fewer genome-wide susceptibility alleles, with only modest associations, have been identified relative to breast and prostate cancers. We have evaluated the majority of ovarian cancer studies with biological samples, to our knowledge, leaving no opportunity for replication. Using both our understanding of biology and powerful gene-level tests, we have identified four putative ovarian cancer loci near INHBB, LHCGR, GNRH, and FSHB that warrant a second look if larger sample sizes and denser genotype chips become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice W Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Douglas A Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily J Myers
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter A Fasching
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA; University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, VIB and KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristine G Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ursula Eilber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Sucheston-Campbell
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild L Tangen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence and Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yukie Bean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Melissa Kellar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Department of Population Health Research, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Medical Genetics and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Deptartment of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Hogdall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia; Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Carty
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Kuchenbaecker KB, Ramus SJ, Tyrer J, Lee A, Shen HC, Beesley J, Lawrenson K, McGuffog L, Healey S, Lee JM, Spindler TJ, Lin YG, Pejovic T, Bean Y, Li Q, Coetzee S, Hazelett D, Miron A, Southey M, Terry MB, Goldgar DE, Buys SS, Janavicius R, Dorfling CM, van Rensburg EJ, Neuhausen SL, Ding YC, Hansen TVO, Jønson L, Gerdes AM, Ejlertsen B, Barrowdale D, Dennis J, Benitez J, Osorio A, Garcia MJ, Komenaka I, Weitzel JN, Ganschow P, Peterlongo P, Bernard L, Viel A, Bonanni B, Peissel B, Manoukian S, Radice P, Papi L, Ottini L, Fostira F, Konstantopoulou I, Garber J, Frost D, Perkins J, Platte R, Ellis S, Godwin AK, Schmutzler RK, Meindl A, Engel C, Sutter C, Sinilnikova OM, Damiola F, Mazoyer S, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Claes K, De Leeneer K, Kirk J, Rodriguez GC, Piedmonte M, O'Malley DM, de la Hoya M, Caldes T, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H, Collée JM, Rookus MA, Oosterwijk JC, Tihomirova L, Tung N, Hamann U, Isaccs C, Tischkowitz M, Imyanitov EN, Caligo MA, Campbell IG, Hogervorst FBL, Olah E, Diez O, Blanco I, Brunet J, Lazaro C, Pujana MA, Jakubowska A, Gronwald J, Lubinski J, Sukiennicki G, Barkardottir RB, Plante M, Simard J, Soucy P, Montagna M, Tognazzo S, Teixeira MR, Pankratz VS, Wang X, Lindor N, Szabo CI, Kauff N, Vijai J, Aghajanian CA, Pfeiler G, Berger A, Singer CF, Tea MK, Phelan CM, Greene MH, Mai PL, Rennert G, Mulligan AM, Tchatchou S, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Toland AE, Jensen UB, Kruse TA, Thomassen M, Bojesen A, Zidan J, Friedman E, Laitman Y, Soller M, Liljegren A, Arver B, Einbeigi Z, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Olopade OI, Nussbaum RL, Rebbeck TR, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Lu KH, Karlan BY, Walsh C, Lester J, Hein A, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Lambrechts D, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Lambrechts S, Dicks E, Doherty JA, Wicklund KG, Rossing MA, Rudolph A, Chang-Claude J, Wang-Gohrke S, Eilber U, Moysich KB, Odunsi K, Sucheston L, Lele S, Wilkens LR, Goodman MT, Thompson PJ, Shvetsov YB, Runnebaum IB, Dürst M, Hillemanns P, Dörk T, Antonenkova N, Bogdanova N, Leminen A, Pelttari LM, Butzow R, Modugno F, Kelley JL, Edwards RP, Ness RB, du Bois A, Heitz F, Schwaab I, Harter P, Matsuo K, Hosono S, Orsulic S, Jensen A, Kjaer SK, Hogdall E, Hasmad HN, Azmi MAN, Teo SH, Woo YL, Fridley BL, Goode EL, Cunningham JM, Vierkant RA, Bruinsma F, Giles GG, Liang D, Hildebrandt MAT, Wu X, Levine DA, Bisogna M, Berchuck A, Iversen ES, Schildkraut JM, Concannon P, Weber RP, Cramer DW, Terry KL, Poole EM, Tworoger SS, Bandera EV, Orlow I, Olson SH, Krakstad C, Salvesen HB, Tangen IL, Bjorge L, van Altena AM, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Kellar M, Brooks-Wilson A, Kelemen LE, Cook LS, Le ND, Cybulski C, Yang H, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Wentzensen N, Hogdall C, Lundvall L, Nedergaard L, Baker H, Song H, Eccles D, McNeish I, Paul J, Carty K, Siddiqui N, Glasspool R, Whittemore AS, Rothstein JH, McGuire V, Sieh W, Ji BT, Zheng W, Shu XO, Gao YT, Rosen B, Risch HA, McLaughlin JR, Narod SA, Monteiro AN, Chen A, Lin HY, Permuth-Wey J, Sellers TA, Tsai YY, Chen Z, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H, Gentry-Maharaj A, Menon U, Harrington P, Lee AW, Wu AH, Pearce CL, Coetzee G, Pike MC, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Timorek A, Rzepecka IK, Kupryjanczyk J, Freedman M, Noushmehr H, Easton DF, Offit K, Couch FJ, Gayther S, Pharoah PP, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G. Identification of six new susceptibility loci for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Nat Genet 2015; 47:164-71. [PMID: 25581431 PMCID: PMC4445140 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 12 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility alleles. The pattern of association at these loci is consistent in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers who are at high risk of EOC. After imputation to 1000 Genomes Project data, we assessed associations of 11 million genetic variants with EOC risk from 15,437 cases unselected for family history and 30,845 controls and from 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers (3,096 with ovarian cancer), and we combined the results in a meta-analysis. This new study design yielded increased statistical power, leading to the discovery of six new EOC susceptibility loci. Variants at 1p36 (nearest gene, WNT4), 4q26 (SYNPO2), 9q34.2 (ABO) and 17q11.2 (ATAD5) were associated with EOC risk, and at 1p34.3 (RSPO1) and 6p22.1 (GPX6) variants were specifically associated with the serous EOC subtype, all with P < 5 × 10(-8). Incorporating these variants into risk assessment tools will improve clinical risk predictions for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Howard C Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue Healey
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janet M Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tassja J Spindler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvonne G Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yukie Bean
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Coetzee
- 1] Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. [2] Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. [3] Center for Integrative Systems Biology, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennis Hazelett
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Miron
- Department of Genomics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- 1] Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medical Center, Vilinius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. [2] State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Jønson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- 1] Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [2] Human Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [3] Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Osorio
- 1] Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [2] Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Garcia
- 1] Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [2] Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian Komenaka
- Maricopa Medical Center, care of City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, for the City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Pamela Ganschow
- Cook County Health and Hospital System, care of City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy. [2] Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Division of Experimental Oncology, CRO (Centro di Riferimento Oncologico) Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (Italian Research Hospital)) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (Italian Research Hospital)) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES (Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES (Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jo Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Radka Platte
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Rita Katharina Schmutzler
- 1] Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [3] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [4] On behalf of the German Consortium of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC)
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- 1] INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France. [2] Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- 1] Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France. [2] Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Judy Kirk
- Australia New Zealand Gynecologic Oncology Group (ANZGOG) and Familial Cancer Service, Westmead Hosptial, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- Gynecologic Oncology Group, Statistical and Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center, Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudine Isaccs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian G Campbell
- VBCRC (Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium) Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute)-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona)-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital and Biomedical Centre (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marie Plante
- Gynaecologic Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- 1] Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal. [2] Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Noralane Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Csilla I Szabo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noah Kauff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carol A Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muy-Kheng Tea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jamal Zidan
- Institute of Oncology, Rivka Ziv Medical Center, Zefat, Israel
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Soller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annelie Liljegren
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Stenmark-Askmalm
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. [2] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kristine G Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- 1] Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lara Sucheston
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shashi Lele
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- 1] Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- 1] Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. [2] Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [2] Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [3] Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [4] Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- 1] Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [2] Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andreas du Bois
- 1] Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany. [2] Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- 1] Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany. [2] Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- 1] Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany. [2] Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Kruger Kjaer
- 1] Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. [2] Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- 1] Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. [2] Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanis Nazihah Hasmad
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Mat Adenan Noor Azmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- 1] Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. [2] University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [2] University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- 1] Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- 1] Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. [2] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- 1] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- 1] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Epidemiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Epidemiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild L Tangen
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjorge
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katja K H Aben
- 1] Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands. [2] Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- 1] Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Kellar
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. [2] Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- 1] Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [2] Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Clinic of Opthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claus Hogdall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helen Baker
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Carty
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Barry Rosen
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Department of Gynecologic-Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jenny Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Women's Cancer, University College London Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (EGA) Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, University College London Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (EGA) Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice W Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerry Coetzee
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matt Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- 1] Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simon Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul P Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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78
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McEwan DG, Popovic D, Gubas A, Terawaki S, Suzuki H, Stadel D, Coxon FP, Miranda de Stegmann D, Bhogaraju S, Maddi K, Kirchof A, Gatti E, Helfrich MH, Wakatsuki S, Behrends C, Pierre P, Dikic I. PLEKHM1 regulates autophagosome-lysosome fusion through HOPS complex and LC3/GABARAP proteins. Mol Cell 2014; 57:39-54. [PMID: 25498145 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lysosome is the final destination for degradation of endocytic cargo, plasma membrane constituents, and intracellular components sequestered by macroautophagy. Fusion of endosomes and autophagosomes with the lysosome depends on the GTPase Rab7 and the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex, but adaptor proteins that link endocytic and autophagy pathways with lysosomes are poorly characterized. Herein, we show that Pleckstrin homology domain containing protein family member 1 (PLEKHM1) directly interacts with HOPS complex and contains a LC3-interacting region (LIR) that mediates its binding to autophagosomal membranes. Depletion of PLEKHM1 blocks lysosomal degradation of endocytic (EGFR) cargo and enhances presentation of MHC class I molecules. Moreover, genetic loss of PLEKHM1 impedes autophagy flux upon mTOR inhibition and PLEKHM1 regulates clearance of protein aggregates in an autophagy- and LIR-dependent manner. PLEKHM1 is thus a multivalent endocytic adaptor involved in the lysosome fusion events controlling selective and nonselective autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G McEwan
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Doris Popovic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Andrea Gubas
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Seigo Terawaki
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR 7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Hironori Suzuki
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Daniela Stadel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Fraser P Coxon
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Diana Miranda de Stegmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sagar Bhogaraju
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Goethe University 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karthik Maddi
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Goethe University 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Kirchof
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR 7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Miep H Helfrich
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Christian Behrends
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France; INSERM, U1104, 13288 Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR 7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Goethe University 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University of Split, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, Soltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
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79
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Role of microRNAs in cancers of the female reproductive tract: insights from recent clinical and experimental discovery studies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:153-80. [PMID: 25294164 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that represent the top of the pyramid of many tumorigenesis cascade pathways as they have the ability to affect multiple, intricate, and still undiscovered downstream targets. Understanding how miRNA molecules serve as master regulators in these important networks involved in cancer initiation and progression open up significant innovative areas for therapy and diagnosis that have been sadly lacking for deadly female reproductive tract cancers. This review will highlight the recent advances in the field of miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer, endometrioid endometrial cancer and squamous-cell cervical carcinoma focusing on studies associated with actual clinical information in humans. Importantly, recent miRNA profiling studies have included well-characterized clinical specimens of female reproductive tract cancers, allowing for studies correlating miRNA expression with clinical outcomes. This review will summarize the current thoughts on the role of miRNA processing in unique miRNA species present in these cancers. In addition, this review will focus on current data regarding miRNA molecules as unique biomarkers associated with clinically significant outcomes such as overall survival and chemotherapy resistance. We will also discuss why specific miRNA molecules are not recapitulated across multiple studies of the same cancer type. Although the mechanistic contributions of miRNA molecules to these clinical phenomena have been confirmed using in vitro and pre-clinical mouse model systems, these studies are truly only the beginning of our understanding of the roles miRNAs play in cancers of the female reproductive tract. This review will also highlight useful areas for future research regarding miRNAs as therapeutic targets in cancers of the female reproductive tract.
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80
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Kan CWS, Howell VM, Hahn MA, Marsh DJ. Genomic alterations as mediators of miRNA dysregulation in ovarian cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 54:1-19. [PMID: 25280227 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SEOC) is the most common and aggressive histological subtype. Widespread genomic alterations go hand-in-hand with aberrant DNA damage signaling and are a hallmark of high-grade SEOC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that are nonrandomly distributed in the genome. They are frequently located in chromosomal regions susceptible to copy number variation (CNV) associated with malignancy that can influence their expression. Widespread changes in miRNA expression have been reported in multiple cancer types including ovarian cancer. This review examines CNV and single nucleotide polymorphisms, two common types of genomic alterations that occur in ovarian cancer, in the context of their influence on the expression of miRNA and the ability of miRNA to bind to and regulate their target genes. This includes genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. Improved understanding of mechanisms of miRNA dysregulation and the role of miRNA in ovarian cancer will provide further insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casina W S Kan
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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81
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Veerappa AM, Saldanha M, Padakannaya P, Ramachandra NB. Family based genome-wide copy number scan identifies complex rearrangements at 17q21.31 in dyslexics. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:572-80. [PMID: 25139666 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex heritable disorder with unexpected difficulty in learning to read and spell despite adequate intelligence, education, environment, and normal senses. We performed genome-wide screening for copy number variations (CNVs) in 10 large Indian dyslexic families using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. Results revealed the complex genomic rearrangements due to one non-contiguous deletion and five contiguous micro duplications and micro deletions at 17q21.31 region in three dyslexic families. CNVs in this region harbor the genes KIAA1267, LRRC37A, ARL17A/B, NSFP1, and NSF. The CNVs in case 1 and case 2 at this locus were found to be in homozygous state and case 3 was a de novo CNV. These CNVs were found with at least one CNV having a common break and end points in the parents. This cluster of genes containing NSF is implicated in learning, cognition, and memory, though not formally associated with dyslexia. Molecular network analysis of these and other dyslexia related module genes suggests NSF and other genes to be associated with cellular/vesicular membrane fusion and synaptic transmission. Thus, we suggest that NSF in this cluster would be the nearest gene responsible for the learning disability phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash M Veerappa
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore
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82
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Song H, Cicek MS, Dicks E, Harrington P, Ramus SJ, Cunningham JM, Fridley BL, Tyrer JP, Alsop J, Jimenez-Linan M, Gayther SA, Goode EL, Pharoah PDP. The contribution of deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and the mismatch repair genes to ovarian cancer in the population. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4703-9. [PMID: 24728189 PMCID: PMC4119409 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of deleterious mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 to invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in the population. The coding sequence and splice site boundaries of all six genes were amplified in germline DNA from 2240 invasive EOC cases and 1535 controls. Barcoded fragment libraries were sequenced using the Illumina GAII or HiSeq and sequence data for each subject de-multiplexed prior to interpretation. GATK and Annovar were used for variant detection and annotation. After quality control 2222 cases (99.2%) and 1528 controls (99.5%) were included in the final analysis. We identified 193 EOC cases (8.7%) carrying a deleterious mutation in at least one gene compared with 10 controls (0.65%). Mutations were most frequent in BRCA1 and BRCA2, with 84 EOC cases (3.8%) carrying a BRCA1 mutation and 94 EOC cases (4.2%) carrying a BRCA2 mutation. The combined BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation prevalence was 11% in high-grade serous disease. Seventeen EOC cases carried a mutation in a mismatch repair gene, including 10 MSH6 mutation carriers (0.45%) and 4 MSH2 mutation carriers (0.18%). At least 1 in 10 women with high-grade serous EOC has a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. The development of next generation sequencing technologies enables rapid mutation screening for multiple susceptibility genes at once, suggesting that routine clinical testing of all incidence cases should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Song
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK,
| | - Mine S Cicek
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ed Dicks
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia Harrington
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | | | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, USA and
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Alsop
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- CR-UK Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
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83
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Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for epithelial ovarian cancer in Han Chinese women. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4682. [PMID: 25134534 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies worldwide. Here we perform a three-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Han Chinese women to identify risk genetic variants for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We scan 900,015 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,057 EOC cases and 1,191 controls in stage I, and replicate 41 SNPs (P(meta)<10(-4)) in 960 EOC cases and 1,799 controls (stage II), and an additional 492 EOC cases and 1,004 controls (stage III). Finally, we identify two EOC susceptibility loci at 9q22.33 (rs1413299 in COL15A1, P(meta) = 1.88 × 10(-8)) and 10p11.21 (rs1192691 near ANKRD30A, P(meta) = 2.62 × 10(-8)), and two consistently replicated loci at 12q14.2 (rs11175194 in SRGAP1, P(meta) = 1.14 × 10(-7)) and 9q34.2 (rs633862 near ABO and SURF6, P(meta) = 8.57 × 10(-7)) (P<0.05 in all three stages). These results may advance our understanding of genetic susceptibility to EOC.
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84
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Iversen ES, Lipton G, Clyde MA, Monteiro ANA. Functional annotation signatures of disease susceptibility loci improve SNP association analysis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:398. [PMID: 24886216 PMCID: PMC4041996 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic association studies are conducted to discover genetic loci that contribute to an inherited trait, identify the variants behind these associations and ascertain their functional role in determining the phenotype. To date, functional annotations of the genetic variants have rarely played more than an indirect role in assessing evidence for association. Here, we demonstrate how these data can be systematically integrated into an association study's analysis plan. RESULTS We developed a Bayesian statistical model for the prior probability of phenotype-genotype association that incorporates data from past association studies and publicly available functional annotation data regarding the susceptibility variants under study. The model takes the form of a binary regression of association status on a set of annotation variables whose coefficients were estimated through an analysis of associated SNPs in the GWAS Catalog (GC). The functional predictors examined included measures that have been demonstrated to correlate with the association status of SNPs in the GC and some whose utility in this regard is speculative: summaries of the UCSC Human Genome Browser ENCODE super-track data, dbSNP function class, sequence conservation summaries, proximity to genomic variants in the Database of Genomic Variants and known regulatory elements in the Open Regulatory Annotation database, PolyPhen-2 probabilities and RegulomeDB categories. Because we expected that only a fraction of the annotations would contribute to predicting association, we employed a penalized likelihood method to reduce the impact of non-informative predictors and evaluated the model's ability to predict GC SNPs not used to construct the model. We show that the functional data alone are predictive of a SNP's presence in the GC. Further, using data from a genome-wide study of ovarian cancer, we demonstrate that their use as prior data when testing for association is practical at the genome-wide scale and improves power to detect associations. CONCLUSIONS We show how diverse functional annotations can be efficiently combined to create 'functional signatures' that predict the a priori odds of a variant's association to a trait and how these signatures can be integrated into a standard genome-wide-scale association analysis, resulting in improved power to detect truly associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Box 90251, 27708-0251 Durham, NC, USA.
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85
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Setiawan VW, Schumacher F, Prescott J, Haessler J, Malinowski J, Wentzensen N, Yang H, Chanock S, Brinton L, Hartge P, Lissowska J, Park SL, Cheng I, Bush WS, Crawford DC, Ursin G, Horn-Ross P, Bernstein L, Lu L, Risch H, Yu H, Sakoda LC, Doherty J, Chen C, Jackson R, Yasmeen S, Cote M, Kocarnik JM, Peters U, Kraft P, De Vivo I, Haiman CA, Kooperberg C, Le Marchand L. Cross-cancer pleiotropic analysis of endometrial cancer: PAGE and E2C2 consortia. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2068-73. [PMID: 24832084 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), several of which have been associated with multiple cancer sites suggesting pleiotropic effects and shared biological mechanisms across some cancers. We hypothesized that SNPs associated with other cancers may be additionally associated with endometrial cancer. We examined 213 SNPs previously associated with 14 other cancers for their associations with endometrial cancer in 3758 endometrial cancer cases and 5966 controls of European ancestry from two consortia: Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology and the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. Study-specific logistic regression estimates adjusted for age, body mass index and the most significant principal components of genetic ancestry were combined using fixed-effect meta-analysis to evaluate the association between each SNP and endometrial cancer risk. A Bonferroni-corrected P value of 2.35×10(-4) was used to determine statistical significance of the associations. SNP rs7679673, ~6.3kb upstream of TET2 and previously reported to be associated with prostate cancer risk, was associated with endometrial cancer risk in the direction opposite to that for prostate cancer [meta-analysis odds ratio = 0.87 (per copy of the C allele), 95% confidence interval = 0.81, 0.93; P = 7.37×10(-5)] with no evidence of heterogeneity across studies (P heterogeneity = 0.66). This pleiotropic analysis is the first to suggest TET2 as a susceptibility locus for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, M.Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA, Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway, Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven CT 06520, USA, Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611, USA, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Population Studies and Disparities Research, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, M.Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA, Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway, Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven CT 06520, USA, Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611, USA, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Population Studies and Disparities Research, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer Malinowski
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | - Hannah Yang
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jolanta Lissowska
- M.Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Lani Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, M.Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA, Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway, Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven CT 06520, USA, Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611, USA, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Population Studies and Disparities Research, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Giske Ursin
- Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pamela Horn-Ross
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Harvey Risch
- Department of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611, USA
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shagufta Yasmeen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michele Cote
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Population Studies and Disparities Research, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA and
| | - Jonathan M Kocarnik
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, M.Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA, Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway, Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven CT 06520, USA, Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611, USA, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Population Studies and Disparities Research, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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86
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Earp MA, Kelemen LE, Magliocco AM, Swenerton KD, Chenevix-Trench G, Lu Y, Hein A, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Lambrechts D, Despierre E, Vergote I, Lambrechts S, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Friel G, Moysich KB, Odunsi K, Sucheston-Campbell L, Lurie G, Goodman MT, Carney ME, Thompson PJ, Runnebaum IB, Dürst M, Hillemanns P, Dörk T, Antonenkova N, Bogdanova N, Leminen A, Nevanlinna H, Pelttari LM, Butzow R, Bunker CH, Modugno F, Edwards RP, Ness RB, du Bois A, Heitz F, Schwaab I, Harter P, Karlan BY, Walsh C, Lester J, Jensen A, Kjær SK, Høgdall CK, Høgdall E, Lundvall L, Sellers TA, Fridley BL, Goode EL, Cunningham JM, Vierkant RA, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Severi G, Southey MC, Liang D, Wu X, Lu K, Hildebrandt MAT, Levine DA, Bisogna M, Schildkraut JM, Iversen ES, Weber RP, Berchuck A, Cramer DW, Terry KL, Poole EM, Tworoger SS, Bandera EV, Chandran U, Orlow I, Olson SH, Wik E, Salvesen HB, Bjorge L, Halle MK, van Altena AM, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Pejovic T, Bean YT, Cybulski C, Gronwald J, Lubinski J, Wentzensen N, Brinton LA, Lissowska J, Garcia-Closas M, Dicks E, Dennis J, Easton DF, Song H, Tyrer JP, Pharoah PDP, Eccles D, Campbell IG, Whittemore AS, McGuire V, Sieh W, Rothstein JH, Flanagan JM, Paul J, Brown R, Phelan CM, Risch HA, McLaughlin JR, Narod SA, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H, Gentry-Maharaj A, Menon U, Gayther SA, Ramus SJ, Wu AH, Pearce CL, Pike MC, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Rzepecka IK, Szafron LM, Kupryjanczyk J, Cook LS, Le ND, Brooks-Wilson A. Genome-wide association study of subtype-specific epithelial ovarian cancer risk alleles using pooled DNA. Hum Genet 2014; 133:481-97. [PMID: 24190013 PMCID: PMC4063682 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous cancer with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Variants influencing the risk of developing the less-common EOC subtypes have not been fully investigated. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of EOC according to subtype by pooling genomic DNA from 545 cases and 398 controls of European descent, and testing for allelic associations. We evaluated for replication 188 variants from the GWAS [56 variants for mucinous, 55 for endometrioid and clear cell, 53 for low-malignant potential (LMP) serous, and 24 for invasive serous EOC], selected using pre-defined criteria. Genotypes from 13,188 cases and 23,164 controls of European descent were used to perform unconditional logistic regression under the log-additive genetic model; odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals are reported. Nine variants tagging six loci were associated with subtype-specific EOC risk at P < 0.05, and had an OR that agreed in direction of effect with the GWAS results. Several of these variants are in or near genes with a biological rationale for conferring EOC risk, including ZFP36L1 and RAD51B for mucinous EOC (rs17106154, OR = 1.17, P = 0.029, n = 1,483 cases), GRB10 for endometrioid and clear cell EOC (rs2190503, P = 0.014, n = 2,903 cases), and C22orf26/BPIL2 for LMP serous EOC (rs9609538, OR = 0.86, P = 0.0043, n = 892 cases). In analyses that included the 75 GWAS samples, the association between rs9609538 (OR = 0.84, P = 0.0007) and LMP serous EOC risk remained statistically significant at P < 0.0012 adjusted for multiple testing. Replication in additional samples will be important to verify these results for the less-common EOC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene A Earp
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada,
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87
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Charbonneau B, Moysich KB, Kalli KR, Oberg AL, Vierkant RA, Fogarty ZC, Block MS, Maurer MJ, Goergen KM, Fridley BL, Cunningham JM, Rider DN, Preston C, Hartmann LC, Lawrenson K, Wang C, Tyrer J, Song H, deFazio A, Johnatty SE, Doherty JA, Phelan CM, Sellers TA, Ramirez SM, Vitonis AF, Terry KL, Van Den Berg D, Pike MC, Wu AH, Berchuck A, Gentry-Maharaj A, Ramus SJ, Diergaarde B, Shen H, Jensen A, Menkiszak J, Cybulski C, Lubiński J, Ziogas A, Rothstein JH, McGuire V, Sieh W, Lester J, Walsh C, Vergote I, Lambrechts S, Despierre E, Garcia-Closas M, Yang H, Brinton LA, Spiewankiewicz B, Rzepecka IK, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Seibold P, Rudolph A, Paddock LE, Orlow I, Lundvall L, Olson SH, Hogdall CK, Schwaab I, du Bois A, Harter P, Flanagan JM, Brown R, Paul J, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Hein A, Eccles D, Lurie G, Hays LE, Bean YT, Pejovic T, Goodman MT, Campbell I, Fasching PA, Konecny G, Kaye SB, Heitz F, Hogdall E, Bandera EV, Chang-Claude J, Kupryjanczyk J, Wentzensen N, Lambrechts D, Karlan BY, Whittemore AS, Culver HA, Gronwald J, Levine DA, Kjaer SK, Menon U, Schildkraut JM, Pearce CL, Cramer DW, Rossing MA, Chenevix-Trench G, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA, Ness RB, Odunsi K, Sucheston LE, Knutson KL, Goode EL. Large-scale evaluation of common variation in regulatory T cell-related genes and ovarian cancer outcome. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:332-40. [PMID: 24764580 PMCID: PMC4000890 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence of regulatory T cells (Treg) in solid tumors is known to play a role in patient survival in ovarian cancer and other malignancies. We assessed inherited genetic variations via 749 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 25 Treg-associated genes (CD28, CTLA4, FOXP3, IDO1, IL10, IL10RA, IL15, 1L17RA, IL23A, IL23R, IL2RA, IL6, IL6R, IL8, LGALS1, LGALS9, MAP3K8, STAT5A, STAT5B, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGRBR2, and TGFBR3) in relation to ovarian cancer survival. We analyzed genotype and overall survival in 10,084 women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, including 5,248 high-grade serous, 1,452 endometrioid, 795 clear cell, and 661 mucinous carcinoma cases of European descent across 28 studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). The strongest associations were found for endometrioid carcinoma and IL2RA SNPs rs11256497 [HR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-1.64; P = 5.7 × 10(-6)], rs791587 (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17-1.57; P = 6.2 × 10(-5)), rs2476491 (HR, = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19-1.64; P = 5.6 × 10(-5)), and rs10795763 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17-1.57; P = 7.9 × 10(-5)), and for clear cell carcinoma and CTLA4 SNP rs231775 (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54-0.82; P = 9.3 × 10(-5)) after adjustment for age, study site, population stratification, stage, grade, and oral contraceptive use. The rs231775 allele associated with improved survival in our study also results in an amino acid change in CTLA4 and previously has been reported to be associated with autoimmune conditions. Thus, we found evidence that SNPs in genes related to Tregs seem to play a role in ovarian cancer survival, particularly in patients with clear cell and endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Charbonneau
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Ann L. Oberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachary C. Fogarty
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matthew J. Maurer
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krista M. Goergen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David N. Rider
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lynn C. Hartmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna deFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Sharon E. Johnatty
- Cancer Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Starr M. Ramirez
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allison F. Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Malcolm C. Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women’s Cancer, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Surgical Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelyn Despierre
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beata Spiewankiewicz
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona K. Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Petra Seibold
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Department of Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claus K. Hogdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - James M. Flanagan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Brown
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Paul
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, HI, USA
| | - Laura E. Hays
- Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yukie T. Bean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gottfried Konecny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B. Kaye
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hoda Anton Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women’s Cancer, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - for AOCS group
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital and Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Cancer Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - /ACS
- Cancer Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lara E. Sucheston
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Keith L. Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL, US
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing of tumors for causative mutations, allowing for more accurate targeting of therapies. In the process of sequencing the tumor, comparisons to the germline genome may identify variants associated with susceptibility to cancer as well as other hereditary diseases. Already, the combination of massively parallel sequencing and selective capture approaches has facilitated efficient simultaneous genetic analysis (multiplex testing) of large numbers of candidate genes. As the field of oncology incorporates NGS approaches into tumor and germline analyses, it has become clear that the ability to achieve high-throughput genotyping surpasses our current ability to interpret and appropriately apply the vast amounts of data generated from such technologies. A review of the current state of knowledge of rare and common genetic variants associated with cancer risk or treatment outcome reveals significant progress, as well as a number of challenges associated with the clinical translation of these discoveries. The combined efforts of oncologists, genetic counselors, and cancer geneticists will be required to drive the paradigm shift toward personalized or precision medicine and to ensure the incorporation of NGS technologies into the practice of preventive oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia K. Stadler
- All authors: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Zsofia K. Stadler, Mark E. Robson, and Kenneth Offit, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kasmintan A. Schrader
- All authors: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Zsofia K. Stadler, Mark E. Robson, and Kenneth Offit, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Joseph Vijai
- All authors: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Zsofia K. Stadler, Mark E. Robson, and Kenneth Offit, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mark E. Robson
- All authors: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Zsofia K. Stadler, Mark E. Robson, and Kenneth Offit, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kenneth Offit
- All authors: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Zsofia K. Stadler, Mark E. Robson, and Kenneth Offit, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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89
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Cunningham JM, Cicek MS, Larson NB, Davila J, Wang C, Larson MC, Song H, Dicks EM, Harrington P, Wick M, Winterhoff BJ, Hamidi H, Konecny GE, Chien J, Bibikova M, Fan JB, Kalli KR, Lindor NM, Fridley BL, Pharoah PPD, Goode EL. Clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer classified by BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51C status. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4026. [PMID: 24504028 PMCID: PMC4168524 DOI: 10.1038/srep04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated homologous recombination deficient (HRD) phenotypes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) considering BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51C in a large well-annotated patient set. We evaluated EOC patients for germline deleterious mutations (n = 899), somatic mutations (n = 279) and epigenetic alterations (n = 482) in these genes using NGS and genome-wide methylation arrays. Deleterious germline mutations were identified in 32 (3.6%) patients for BRCA1, in 28 (3.1%) for BRCA2 and in 26 (2.9%) for RAD51C. Ten somatically sequenced patients had deleterious alterations, six (2.1%) in BRCA1 and four (1.4%) in BRCA2. Fifty two patients (10.8%) had methylated BRCA1 or RAD51C. HRD patients with germline or somatic alterations in any gene were more likely to be high grade serous, have an earlier diagnosis age and have ovarian and/or breast cancer family history. The HRD phenotype was most common in high grade serous EOC. Identification of EOC patients with an HRD phenotype may help tailor specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M. S. Cicek
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - N. B. Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J. Davila
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - C. Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M. C. Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - H. Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E. M. Dicks
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P. Harrington
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - B. J. Winterhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - H. Hamidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - G. E. Konecny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J. Chien
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - J.-B. Fan
- Illumina Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - K. R. Kalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - N. M. Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - B. L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - P. P. D. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E. L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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90
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Koestler DC, Chalise P, Cicek MS, Cunningham JM, Armasu S, Larson MC, Chien J, Block M, Kalli KR, Sellers TA, Fridley BL, Goode EL. Integrative genomic analysis identifies epigenetic marks that mediate genetic risk for epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:8. [PMID: 24479488 PMCID: PMC3916313 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic and epigenetic factors influence the development and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, there is an incomplete understanding of the interrelationship between these factors and the extent to which they interact to impact disease risk. In the present study, we aimed to gain insight into this relationship by identifying DNA methylation marks that are candidate mediators of ovarian cancer genetic risk. METHODS We used 214 cases and 214 age-matched controls from the Mayo Clinic Ovarian Cancer Study. Pretreatment, blood-derived DNA was profiled for genome-wide methylation (Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadArray) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, Illumina Infinium HD Human610-Quad BeadArray). The Causal Inference Test (CIT) was implemented to distinguish CpG sites that mediate genetic risk, from those that are consequential or independently acted on by genotype. RESULTS Controlling for the estimated distribution of immune cells and other key covariates, our initial epigenome-wide association analysis revealed 1,993 significantly differentially methylated CpGs that between cases and controls (FDR, q < 0.05). The relationship between methylation and case-control status for these 1,993 CpGs was found to be highly consistent with the results of previously published, independent study that consisted of peripheral blood DNA methylation signatures in 131 pretreatment cases and 274 controls. Implementation of the CIT test revealed 17 CpG/SNP pairs, comprising 13 unique CpGs and 17 unique SNPs, which represent potential methylation-mediated relationships between genotype and EOC risk. Of these 13 CpGs, several are associated with immune related genes and genes that have been previously shown to exhibit altered expression in the context of cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide additional insight into EOC etiology and may serve as novel biomarkers for EOC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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91
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Genome-wide association studies of cancer predisposition. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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92
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Menon U, Griffin M, Gentry-Maharaj A. Ovarian cancer screening--current status, future directions. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 132:490-5. [PMID: 24316306 PMCID: PMC3991859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of a mortality benefit continues to elude ovarian cancer (OC) screening. Data from the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial which used a screening strategy incorporating CA125 cut-off and transvaginal ultrasound has not shown mortality benefit. The United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) is using the Risk of Ovarian Cancer (ROC) time series algorithm to interpret CA125, which has shown an encouraging sensitivity and specificity however the mortality data will only be available in 2015. The article explores the impact of growing insights into disease aetiology and evolution and biomarker discovery on future screening strategies. A better understanding of the target lesion, improved design of biomarker discovery studies, a focus on detecting low volume disease using cancer specific markers, novel biospecimens such as cervical cytology and targeted imaging and use of time series algorithms for interpreting markers profile suggests that a new era in screening is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK.
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK.
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93
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Simard J, Hall P. Lessons learned and challenges posed in cancer genetics. Introduction. J Intern Med 2013; 274:396-8. [PMID: 24127937 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Simard
- Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Lawrenson K, Notaridou M, Lee N, Benjamin E, Jacobs IJ, Jones C, Gayther SA. In vitro three-dimensional modeling of fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:43. [PMID: 24070420 PMCID: PMC3849984 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs) have been implicated as a cell-of-origin for high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. However, there are relatively few in vitro models of this tissue type available for use in studies of FTSEC biology and malignant transformation. In vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models aim to recreate the architecture and geometry of tissues in vivo and restore the complex network of cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions that occur throughout the surface of the cell membrane. Results We have established and characterized 3D spheroid culture models of primary FTSECs. FTSEC spheroids contain central cores of hyaline matrix surrounded by mono- or multi-layer epithelial sheets. We found that 3D culturing alters the molecular characteristics of FTSECs compared to 2D cultures of the same cells. Gene expression profiling identified more than a thousand differentially expressed genes between 3D and 2D cultures of the same FTSEC lines. Pathways significantly under-represented in 3D FTSEC cultures were associated with cell cycle progression and DNA replication. This was also reflected in the reduced proliferative indices observed in 3D spheroids stained for the proliferation marker MIB1. Comparisons with gene expression profiles of fresh fallopian tube tissues revealed that 2D FTSEC cultures clustered with follicular phase tubal epithelium, whereas 3D FTSEC cultures clustered with luteal phase samples. Conclusions This 3D model of fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells will advance our ability to study the underlying biology and etiology of fallopian tube tissues and the pathogenesis of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Keck School of Medicine, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, California.
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95
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Public health implications from COGS and potential for risk stratification and screening. Nat Genet 2013; 45:349-51. [PMID: 23535723 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The PHG Foundation led a multidisciplinary program, which used results from COGS research identifying genetic variants associated with breast, ovarian and prostate cancers to model risk-stratified prevention for breast and prostate cancers. Implementing such strategies would require attention to the use and storage of genetic information, the development of risk assessment tools, new protocols for consent and programs of professional education and public engagement.
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