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Abstract
The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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52
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Lapidot-Cohen T, Rosental L, Brotman Y. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)-Based Analysis for Lipophilic Compound Profiling in Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:e20109. [PMID: 32343495 DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are fascinating due to their chemical diversity, which is especially vast in the plant kingdom thanks to the high plasticity of the plant biosynthetic machinery. Lipidomic studies aim to simultaneously analyze a large number of lipid compounds of diverse classes in a given sample. The method presented here uses liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomic profiling in a relatively fast, robust, and high-throughput manner for high-coverage quantification and annotation of lipophilic compounds. Protocols cover sample preparation, LC-MS-based measurement, and data extraction and annotation. An extensive lipid library for triacylglycerols, galactolipids, and phospholipids is provided. The extended profiling described here could be used in a range of applications and is suitable for integration with other omic datasets. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation and metabolite extraction Basic Protocol 2: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis Basic Protocol 3: Data extraction, annotation, and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taly Lapidot-Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Leah Rosental
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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53
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Hoffmann-Benning S. Beyond Membranes: The Evolution of Plant Lipid Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:952-954. [PMID: 32561359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hoffmann-Benning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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54
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Kinoshita A, Richter R. Genetic and molecular basis of floral induction in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2490-2504. [PMID: 32067033 PMCID: PMC7210760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plants synchronize their life cycles in response to changing seasons and initiate flowering under favourable environmental conditions to ensure reproductive success. To confer a robust seasonal response, plants use diverse genetic programmes that integrate environmental and endogenous cues and converge on central floral regulatory hubs. Technological advances have allowed us to understand these complex processes more completely. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms that control flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kinoshita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - René Richter
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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55
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Yu CY, Kanehara K. The Unfolded Protein Response Modulates a Phosphoinositide-Binding Protein through the IRE1-bZIP60 Pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:221-235. [PMID: 32205450 PMCID: PMC7210645 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides function as lipid signals in plant development and stress tolerance by binding with partner proteins. We previously reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C2 functions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how phosphoinositides act in the ER stress response remain elusive. Here, we report that a phosphoinositide-binding protein, SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB), is involved in the ER stress tolerance. SVB contains a DUF538 domain with unknown function; orthologs are exclusively found in Viridiplantae. We established that SVB is ubiquitously expressed in plant tissues and is localized to the ER, Golgi apparatus, prevacuolar compartment, and plasma membrane. The knockout mutants of svb showed enhanced tolerance to ER stress, which was genetically complemented by transducing genomic SVB SVB showed time-dependent induction after tunicamycin-induced ER stress, which depended on IRE1 and bZIP60 but not bZIP17 and bZIP28 in the unfolded protein response (UPR). A protein-lipid overlay assay showed specific binding of SVB to phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. SVB is therefore suggested to be the plant-specific phosphoinositide-binding protein whose expression is controlled by the UPR through the IRE1-bZIP60 pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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56
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Andrés F, Kinoshita A, Kalluri N, Fernández V, Falavigna VS, Cruz TMD, Jang S, Chiba Y, Seo M, Mettler-Altmann T, Huettel B, Coupland G. The sugar transporter SWEET10 acts downstream of FLOWERING LOCUS T during floral transition of Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:53. [PMID: 32013867 PMCID: PMC6998834 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral transition initiates reproductive development of plants and occurs in response to environmental and endogenous signals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this process is accelerated by several environmental cues, including exposure to long days. The photoperiod-dependent promotion of flowering involves the transcriptional induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the phloem of the leaf. FT encodes a mobile protein that is transported from the leaves to the shoot apical meristem, where it forms part of a regulatory complex that induces flowering. Whether FT also has biological functions in leaves of wild-type plants remains unclear. RESULTS In order to address this issue, we first studied the leaf transcriptomic changes associated with FT overexpression in the companion cells of the phloem. We found that FT induces the transcription of SWEET10, which encodes a bidirectional sucrose transporter, specifically in the leaf veins. Moreover, SWEET10 is transcriptionally activated by long photoperiods, and this activation depends on FT and one of its earliest target genes SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS OVEREXPRESSION 1 (SOC1). The ectopic expression of SWEET10 causes early flowering and leads to higher levels of transcription of flowering-time related genes in the shoot apex. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that the FT-signaling pathway activates the transcription of a sucrose uptake/efflux carrier during floral transition, indicating that it alters the metabolism of flowering plants as well as reprogramming the transcription of floral regulators in the shoot meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Andrés
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Present Address: UMR AGAP, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, INSAAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Atsuko Kinoshita
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Naveen Kalluri
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Virginia Fernández
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Present Address: BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Vítor S. Falavigna
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Tiago M. D. Cruz
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Present Address: World Vegetable Center Korea Office (WKO), 100 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences and Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
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57
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Colin LA, Jaillais Y. Phospholipids across scales: lipid patterns and plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 53:1-9. [PMID: 31580918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are major building blocks of cell membranes and as such they have a key structural role in maintaining their integrity as a hydrophobic barrier. However, phospholipids not only have structural but also regulatory functions that are involved in a myriad of signaling pathways. Integrative approaches in plants recently revealed that certain phospholipids have distinct patterns of accumulation at the tissue or organ scales, which turned out to be important cues in a developmental context. Using examples on different phospholipid classes, including phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidic acid, we review how spatio-temporal lipid patterns arise at the organismal level and what are their downstream consequences on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia Axelle Colin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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58
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Teo ZWN, Zhou W, Shen L. Dissecting the Function of MADS-Box Transcription Factors in Orchid Reproductive Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1474. [PMID: 31803211 PMCID: PMC6872546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The orchid family (Orchidaceae) represents the second largest angiosperm family, having over 900 genera and 27,000 species in almost all over the world. Orchids have evolved a myriad of intriguing ways in order to survive extreme weather conditions, acquire nutrients, and attract pollinators for reproduction. The family of MADS-box transcriptional factors have been shown to be involved in the control of many developmental processes and responses to environmental stresses in eukaryotes. Several findings in different orchid species have elucidated that MADS-box genes play critical roles in the orchid growth and development. An in-depth understanding of their ecological adaptation will help to generate more interest among breeders and produce novel varieties for the floriculture industry. In this review, we summarize recent findings of MADS-box transcription factors in regulating various growth and developmental processes in orchids, in particular, the floral transition and floral patterning. We further discuss the prospects for the future directions in light of new genome resources and gene editing technologies that could be applied in orchid research and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Norman Teo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhou
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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59
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Ngo AH, Kanehara K, Nakamura Y. Non-specific phospholipases C, NPC2 and NPC6, are required for root growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:825-835. [PMID: 31400172 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutants in lipid metabolism often show a lethal phenotype during reproduction that prevents investigating a specific role of the lipid during different developmental processes. We focused on two non-specific phospholipases C, NPC2 and NPC6, whose double knock-out causes a gametophyte-lethal phenotype. To investigate the role of NPC2 and NPC6 during vegetative growth, we produced transgenic knock-down mutant lines that circumvent the lethal effect during gametogenesis. Despite no defect observed in leaves, root growth was significantly retarded, with abnormal cellular architecture in root columella cells. Furthermore, the short root phenotype was rescued by exogenous supplementation of phosphocholine, a product of non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) -catalyzed phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. The expression of phospho-base N-methyltransferase 1 (PMT1), which produces phosphocholine and is required for root growth, was induced in the knock-down mutant lines and was attenuated after phosphocholine supplementation. These results suggest that NPC2 and NPC6 may be involved in root growth by producing phosphocholine via metabolic interaction with a PMT-catalyzed pathway, which highlights a tissue-specific role of NPC enzymes in vegetative growth beyond the gametophyte-lethal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H Ngo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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60
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High-Resolution Crystal Structure of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T Illuminates Its Phospholipid-Binding Site in Flowering. iScience 2019; 21:577-586. [PMID: 31726375 PMCID: PMC6854094 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a pivotal component of florigen, a long-range mobile flowering signal. Here, we determined the 1.0 Å-resolution crystal structure of FT, a significantly higher-resolution crystal structure of FT than previously reported one (2.6 Å). The present crystallographic studies revealed 4 alternative configurations with the precise location of the surrounding water molecules. Using this structural data, computational docking simulation predicted the putative binding sites for phosphatidylcholine (PC), an endogenous ligand that interacts with FT to modulate flowering time. In vitro reconstitution of the lipid-protein interaction showed that mutations at two of the predicted sites significantly compromised the lipid binding ability of FT. In planta, one of the mutant FT proteins significantly affected FT function in flowering, emphasizing the involvement of PC binding in modulating FT function. Our structural, biochemical, and transgenic analyses reveal the molecular mechanism of PC binding in FT-mediated flowering time control.
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61
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Lee C, Kim SJ, Jin S, Susila H, Youn G, Nasim Z, Alavilli H, Chung KS, Yoo SJ, Ahn JH. Genetic interactions reveal the antagonistic roles of FT/TSF and TFL1 in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:452-464. [PMID: 30943325 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
During the transition to the reproductive phase, the shoot apical meristem switches from the developmental program that generates vegetative organs to instead produce flowers. In this study, we examined the genetic interactions of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)/TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ft-10 tsf-1 mutants produced a compact inflorescence surrounded by serrated leaves (hyper-vegetative shoot) at the early bolting stage, as did plants overexpressing TFL1. Plants overexpressing FT or TSF (or both FT and TFL1) generated a terminal flower, as did tfl1-20 mutants. The terminal flower formed in tfl1-20 mutants converted to a hyper-vegetative shoot in ft-10 tsf-1 mutants. Grafting ft-10 tsf-1 or ft-10 tsf-1 tfl1-20 mutant scions to 35S::FT rootstock plants produced a normal inflorescence and a terminal flower in the scion plants, respectively, although both scions showed similar early flowering. Misexpression of FT in the vasculature and in the shoot apex in wild-type plants generated a normal inflorescence and a terminal flower, respectively. By contrast, in ft-10 tsf-1 mutants the vasculature-specific misexpression of FT converted the hyper-vegetative shoot to a normal inflorescence, and in the ft-10 tsf-1 tfl1-20 mutants converted the shoot to a terminal flower. TFL1 levels did not affect the inflorescence morphology caused by FT/TSF overexpression at the early bolting stage. Taking these results together, we proposed that FT/TSF and TFL1 play antagonistic roles in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity, and that FT/TSF are more important than TFL1 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunghee Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Suhyun Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hendry Susila
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Geummin Youn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Zeeshan Nasim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seong Jeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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62
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Périlleux C, Bouché F, Randoux M, Orman-Ligeza B. Turning Meristems into Fortresses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:431-442. [PMID: 30853243 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) was named from knockout Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in which the inflorescence abnormally terminates into a flower. In wild type plants, the expression of TFL1 in the center of the inflorescence meristem represses the flower meristem identity genes LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) to maintain indeterminacy. LFY and AP1 are activated by flowering signals that antagonize TFL1. Its characterization in numerous species revealed that the TFL1-mediated regulation of meristem fate has broader impacts on plant development than originally depicted in A. thaliana. By blocking floral transition, TFL1 genes participate in the control of juvenility, shoot growth pattern, inflorescence architecture, and the establishment of life history strategies. Here, we contextualize the role of the TFL1-mediated protection of meristem indeterminacy throughout plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Randoux
- University of Liège, InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Liège, Belgium
| | - Beata Orman-Ligeza
- University of Liège, InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Liège, Belgium; Current address: National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, UK
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63
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Huang F, Liu T, Tang J, Duan W, Hou X. BcMAF2 activates BcTEM1 and represses flowering in Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:19-32. [PMID: 31001712 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BcMAF2 plays a key role in flowering regulation by controlling BcTEM1, BcSOC1 and BCSPL15 in Pak-choi. Flowering is a key event in the life cycle of plants. Flowering time shows an extensive variation from different Pak-choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) cultivars. However, the regulation mechanism of flowering in Pak-choi remains rarely known. In this study, a systematic identification and functional analysis of a Pak-choi MADS Affecting Flowering (MAF) gene, BcMAF2, was carried out. BcMAF2 encoded a protein containing a conserved MADS-box domain, which was localized in the nucleus. QPCR analysis indicated that the expression of BcMAF2 was higher in the leaves and flowers. Overexpression of BcMAF2 in Arabidopsis showed that BcMAF2 repressed flowering, which was further confirmed by silencing endogenous BcMAF2 in Pak-choi. In addition, Tempranillo 1 (TEM1) expression was up-regulated and MAF2 expression was down-regulated in the BcMAF2-overexpressing Arabidopsis. The expression of BcMAF2 and BcTEM1 was down-regulated in BcMAF2-silencing Pak-choi plants. The yeast one-hybrid, dual luciferase and qPCR results revealed that BcMAF2 protein could directly bind to BcTEM1 promoter and activate its expression, which was not reported in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, a self-inhibition was found in BcMAF2. Taken together, this work suggested that BcMAF2 could repress flowering by directly activating BcTEM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Weike Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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64
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Abelenda JA, Bergonzi S, Oortwijn M, Sonnewald S, Du M, Visser RGF, Sonnewald U, Bachem CWB. Source-Sink Regulation Is Mediated by Interaction of an FT Homolog with a SWEET Protein in Potato. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1178-1186.e6. [PMID: 30905604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potato plants form tuberous storage organs on underground modified stems called stolons. Tubers are rich in starch, proteins, and other important nutrients, making potato one of the most important staple food crops. The timing of tuber development in wild potato is regulated by day length through a mechanism that is closely related to floral transition [1, 2]. Tuberization is also known to be regulated by the availability of assimilates, in particular sucrose, the transported form of sugar, required for starch synthesis. During the onset of tuber development, the mode of sucrose unloading switches from apoplastic to symplastic [3]. Here, we show that this switch may be mediated by the interaction between the tuberization-specific FT homolog StSP6A and the sucrose efflux transporter StSWEET11 [4]. The binding of StSP6A to StSWEET11 blocked the leakage of sucrose to the apoplast, and is therefore likely to promote symplastic sucrose transport. The direct physical interaction between StSWEET11 and StSP6A proteins represents a link between the sugar and photoperiodic pathways for the regulation of potato tuber formation. Our data suggest that a previously undiscovered function for the FT family of proteins extends their role as mobile signals to mediators of source-sink partitioning, opening the possibility for modifying source-sink interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Abelenda
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Bergonzi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Oortwijn
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miru Du
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands; Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Inner Mongolia University, West College Road 235, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian W B Bachem
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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You Y, Sawikowska A, Lee JE, Benstein RM, Neumann M, Krajewski P, Schmid M. Phloem Companion Cell-Specific Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Analyses Identify MRF1, a Regulator of Flowering. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:325-345. [PMID: 30670485 PMCID: PMC6447005 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phloem plays essential roles in the source-to-sink relationship and in long-distance communication, and thereby coordinates growth and development throughout the plant. Here we employed isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types coupled with low-input, high-throughput sequencing approaches to analyze the changes of the chromatin modifications H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 and their correlation with gene expression in the phloem companion cells (PCCs) of Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana) shoots in response to changes in photoperiod. We observed a positive correlation between changes in expression and H3K4me3 levels of genes that are involved in essential PCC functions, including regulation of metabolism, circadian rhythm, development, and epigenetic modifications. By contrast, changes in H3K27me3 signal appeared to contribute little to gene expression changes. These genomic data illustrate the complex gene-regulatory networks that integrate plant developmental and physiological processes in the PCCs. Emphasizing the importance of cell-specific analyses, we identified a previously uncharacterized MORN-motif repeat protein, MORN-MOTIF REPEAT PROTEIN REGULATING FLOWERING1 (MRF1), that was strongly up-regulated in the PCCs in response to inductive photoperiod. The mrf1 mutation delayed flowering, whereas MRF1 overexpression had the opposite effect, indicating that MRF1 acts as a floral promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan You
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Department of General Genetics, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aneta Sawikowska
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanne E Lee
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruben M Benstein
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Markus Schmid
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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66
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Shaw LM, Lyu B, Turner R, Li C, Chen F, Han X, Fu D, Dubcovsky J. FLOWERING LOCUS T2 regulates spike development and fertility in temperate cereals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:193-204. [PMID: 30295847 PMCID: PMC6305198 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) is the closest paralog of the FT1 flowering gene in the temperate grasses. Here we show that overexpression of FT2 in Brachypodium distachyon and barley results in precocious flowering and reduced spikelet number, while down-regulation by RNA interference results in delayed flowering and a reduced percentage of filled florets. Similarly, truncation mutations of FT2 homeologs in tetraploid wheat delayed flowering (2-4 d) and reduced fertility. The wheat ft2 mutants also showed a significant increase in the number of spikelets per spike, with a longer spike development period potentially contributing to the delayed heading time. In the wheat leaves, FT2 was expressed later than FT1, suggesting a relatively smaller role for FT2 in the initiation of the reproductive phase. FT2 transcripts were detected in the shoot apical meristem and increased during early spike development. Transversal sections of the developing spike showed the highest FT2 transcript levels in the distal part, where new spikelets are formed. Our results suggest that, in wheat, FT2 plays an important role in spike development and fertility and a limited role in the timing of the transition between the vegetative and reproductive shoot apical meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Shaw
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bo Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Rebecca Turner
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chengxia Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Daolin Fu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Correspondence:
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67
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Chen W, Yao J, Li Y, Zhao L, Liu J, Guo Y, Wang J, Yuan L, Liu Z, Lu Y, Zhang Y. Nulliplex-branch, a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 ortholog, controls plant growth habit in cotton. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:97-112. [PMID: 30288552 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nulliplex-branch (nb) mutants in cotton display a specific architecture. The gene responsible for the nb phenotype was identified, and its modulation mode was further studied. Plant architecture is an important agronomic factor influencing various traits such as yield and variety adaptability in crop plants. Cotton (Gossypium) simultaneously displays monopodial and sympodial growth. Nulliplex-branch (nb) mutants showing determinate sympodial shoots have been reported in both G. hirsutum (Ghnb) and G. barbadense (Gbnb). In this study, the gene responsible for the nb phenotype was identified. GhNB and GbNB were found to be allelic loci and are TERMINAL FLOWER 1 orthologs on the Dt subgenome, though the At copies remain native. Sequencing and association analyses identified four (Gh-nb1-Gh-nb4) and one (Gb-nb1) type of point mutation in the coding sequences of Ghnb and Gbnb, respectively. The NB gene was mainly expressed in the root and shoot apex, and expression rhythms were also observed in these tissues, suggesting that the expression of the NB gene could be regulated by photoperiod. Constitutive overexpression of GhNB suppresses the differentiation of the reproductive shoots. Knockout of both copies of GhNB caused the main and lateral shoots to terminate in flowers, which is a more determinate architecture than that of the nb mutants and implies that its function might be dosage dependent. A protein lipid overlay assay indicated that the amino acid substitutions in Gh-nb1 and Gb-nb1 weaken the ligand-binding activity of the NB protein in vitro. These findings suggest that the NB gene plays crucial roles in regulating the determinacy of shoots, and the modulation of this gene should constitute an effective crop improvement approach through adjusting the growth habit of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jinbo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Art and Science College, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Youjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yongshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
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Chen X, Qi S, Zhang D, Li Y, An N, Zhao C, Zhao J, Shah K, Han M, Xing L. Comparative RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of buds from profusely flowering 'Qinguan' and weakly flowering 'Nagafu no. 2' apple varieties reveals novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying floral induction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:370. [PMID: 30577771 PMCID: PMC6303880 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral induction is an important stage in the apple tree life cycle. In 'Nagafu No. 2', which was derived from a 'Fuji' bud sport, flower bud formation is associated with serious problems, such as fewer and inferior flower buds, a long juvenile phase, and an alternate bearing phenotype. Moreover, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying apple floral induction remain unknown. To characterize these mechanisms, we compared the RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiles of buds during floral induction in profusely flowering 'Qinguan' and weakly flowering 'Nagafu No. 2' apple varieties. RESULTS Genes differentially expressed between the buds of the two varieties were mainly related to carbohydrate, fatty acid, and lipid pathways. Additionally, the steady up-regulated expression of genes related to the fatty acid and lipid pathways and the down-regulated expression of starch synthesis-related genes in the carbon metabolic pathway of 'Qinguan' relative to 'Nagafu No. 2' were observed to contribute to the higher flowering rate of 'Qinguan'. Additionally, global gene expression profiling revealed that genes related to cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellin synthesis, signalling, and responses (i.e., factors contributing to cell division and differentiation and bud growth) were significantly differentially expressed between the two varieties. The up-regulated expression of genes involved in abscisic acid and salicylic acid biosynthesis via shikimate pathways as well as jasmonic acid production through fatty acid pathways in 'Qinguan' buds were also revealed to contribute to the floral induction and relatively high flowering rate of this variety. The differential expression of transcription factor genes (i.e., SPL, bZIP, IDD, and MYB genes) involved in multiple biological processes was also observed to play key roles in floral induction. Finally, important flowering genes (i.e., FT, FD, and AFL) were significantly more highly expressed in 'Qinguan' buds than in 'Nagafu No. 2' buds during floral induction. CONCLUSIONS A complex genetic network of regulatory mechanisms involving carbohydrate, fatty acid, lipid, and hormone pathways may mediate the induction of apple tree flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Siyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Juan Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kamran Shah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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69
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Tyagi S, Mazumdar PA, Mayee P, Shivaraj SM, Anand S, Singh A, Madhurantakam C, Sharma P, Das S, Kumar A, Singh A. Natural variation in Brassica FT homeologs influences multiple agronomic traits including flowering time, silique shape, oil profile, stomatal morphology and plant height in B. juncea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:251-266. [PMID: 30466591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural structural variants of regulatory proteins causing quantitative phenotypic consequences have not been reported in plants. Herein, we show that 28 natural structural variants of FT homeologs, isolated from 6 species of Brassica, differ with respect to amino-acid substitutions in regions critical for interactions with FD and represent two evolutionarily distinct categories. Analysis of structural models of selected candidates from Brassica juncea (BjuFT_AAMF1) and Brassica napus (BnaFT_CCLF) predicted stronger binding between BjuFT and Arabidopsis thaliana FD. Over-expression of BjuFT and BnaFT in wild type and ft-10 mutant backgrounds of Arabidopsis validated higher potency of BjuFT in triggering floral transition. Analysis of gain-of-function and artificial miRNA mediated silenced lines of B. juncea implicated Brassica FT in multiple agronomic traits beyond flowering, consistent with a pleiotropic effect. Several dependent and independent traits such as lateral branching, silique shape, seed size, oil-profile, stomatal morphology and plant height were found altered in mutant lines. Enhanced FT levels caused early flowering, which in turn was positively correlated to a higher proportion of desirable fatty acids (PUFA). However, higher FT levels also resulted in altered silique shape and reduced seed size, suggesting trait trade-offs. Modulation of FT levels for achieving optimal balance of trait values and parsing pair-wise interactions among a reportoire of regulatory protein homeologs in polyploid genomes are indeed future areas of crop research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | | | - Pratiksha Mayee
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India; Department of Research, Ankur Seeds Pvt. Ltd., 27, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440018, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India; Departement de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Chaithanya Madhurantakam
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Sandip Das
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- National Phytotron Facility, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anandita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India.
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70
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Liu YC, Lin YC, Kanehara K, Nakamura Y. A pair of phospho-base methyltransferases important for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:1064-1075. [PMID: 30218542 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is a predominant membrane lipid class in eukaryotes. Phospho-base N-methyltransferase (PMT) catalyzes a critical step in PtdCho biosynthesis. However, in Arabidopsis thaliana, the discovery of involvement of the specific PMT isoform in PtdCho biosynthesis remains elusive. Here, we show that PMT1 and PMT3 redundantly play an essential role in phosphocholine (PCho) biosynthesis, a prerequisite for PtdCho production. A pmt1 pmt3 double mutant was devoid of PCho, which affected PtdCho biosynthesis in vivo, showing severe growth defects in post-embryonic development. PMT1 and PMT3 were both highly expressed in the vasculature. The pmt1 pmt3 mutants had specifically affected leaf vein development and showed pale-green seedlings that were rescued by exogenous supplementation of PCho. We suggest that PMT1 and PMT3 are the primary enzymes for PCho biosynthesis and are involved in PtdCho biosynthesis and vascular development in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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71
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Morata J, Marín F, Payet J, Casacuberta JM. Plant Lineage-Specific Amplification of Transcription Factor Binding Motifs by Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs). Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:1210-1220. [PMID: 29659815 PMCID: PMC5950925 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements are one of the main drivers of plant genome evolution. Transposon insertions can modify the gene coding capacity or the regulation of their expression, the latter being a more subtle effect, and therefore particularly useful for evolution. Transposons have been show to contain transcription factor binding sites that can be mobilized upon transposition with the potential to integrate new genes into transcriptional networks. Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are a type of noncoding DNA transposons that could be particularly suited as a vector to mobilize transcription factor binding sites and modify transcriptional networks during evolution. MITEs are small in comparison to other transposons and can be excised, which should make them less mutagenic when inserting into promoters. On the other hand, in spite of their cut-and-paste mechanisms of transposition, they can reach very high copy numbers in genomes. We have previously shown that MITEs have amplified and redistributed the binding motif of the E2F transcription factor in different Brassicas. Here, we show that MITEs have amplified and mobilized the binding motifs of the bZIP60 and PIF3 transcription factors in peach and Prunus mume, and the TCP15/23 binding motif in tomato. Our results suggest that MITEs could have rewired new genes into transcriptional regulatory networks that are responsible for important adaptive responses and breeding traits in plants, such as stress responses, flowering time, or fruit ripening. The results presented here therefore suggest a general impact of MITEs in the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Morata
- CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fatima Marín
- CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep M Casacuberta
- CRAG (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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72
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Chen W, Salari H, Taylor MC, Jost R, Berkowitz O, Barrow R, Qiu D, Branco R, Masle J. NMT1 and NMT3 N-Methyltransferase Activity Is Critical to Lipid Homeostasis, Morphogenesis, and Reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1605-1628. [PMID: 29777000 PMCID: PMC6084668 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major membrane phospholipid and a precursor for major signaling molecules. Understanding its synthesis is important for improving plant growth, nutritional value, and resistance to stress. PC synthesis is complex, involving several interconnected pathways, one of which proceeds from serine-derived phosphoethanolamine to form phosphocholine through three sequential phospho-base methylations catalyzed by phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferases (PEAMTs). The contribution of this pathway to the production of PC and plant growth has been a matter of some debate. Although a handful of individual PEAMTs have been described, there has not been any in planta investigation of a PEAMT family. Here, we provide a comparative functional analysis of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PEAMTs, NMT1 and the little known NMT3. Analysis of loss-of-function mutants demonstrates that NMT1 and NMT3 synergistically regulate PC homeostasis, phase transition at the shoot apex, coordinated organ development, and fertility through overlapping but also specific functions. The nmt1 nmt3 double mutant shows extensive sterility, drastically reduced PC concentrations, and altered lipid profiles. These findings demonstrate that the phospho-base methylation pathway makes a major contribution to PC synthesis in Arabidopsis and that NMT1 and NMT3 play major roles in its catalysis and the regulation of PC homeostasis as well as in plant growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hooman Salari
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Razi University, Kermanshah 67155, Iran
| | - Matthew C Taylor
- Land and Water Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Russell Barrow
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Deyun Qiu
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Rémi Branco
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Josette Masle
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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73
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Narayanan S, Prasad PV, Welti R. Alterations in wheat pollen lipidome during high day and night temperature stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1749-1761. [PMID: 29377219 PMCID: PMC6713575 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adaptive changes in wheat pollen lipidome under high temperature (HT) stress is critical to improving seed set and developing HT tolerant wheat varieties. We measured 89 pollen lipid species under optimum and high day and/or night temperatures using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in wheat plants. The pollen lipidome had a distinct composition compared with that of leaves. Unlike in leaves, 34:3 and 36:6 species dominated the composition of extraplastidic phospholipids in pollen under optimum and HT conditions. The most HT-responsive lipids were extraplastidic phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine. The unsaturation levels of the extraplastidic phospholipids decreased through the decreases in the levels of 18:3 and increases in the levels of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acyl chains. PC and PE were negatively correlated. Higher PC:PE at HT indicated possible PE-to-PC conversion, lower PE formation, or increased PE degradation, relative to PC. Correlation analysis revealed lipids experiencing coordinated metabolism under HT and confirmed the HT responsiveness of extraplastidic phospholipids. Comparison of the present results on wheat pollen with results of our previous research on wheat leaves suggests that similar lipid changes contribute to HT adaptation in both leaves and pollen, though the lipidomes have inherently distinct compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Narayanan
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 212 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - P.V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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74
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Dixon LE, Farré A, Finnegan EJ, Orford S, Griffiths S, Boden SA. Developmental responses of bread wheat to changes in ambient temperature following deletion of a locus that includes FLOWERING LOCUS T1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1715-1725. [PMID: 29314053 PMCID: PMC6033019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a central integrator of environmental signals that regulates the timing of vegetative to reproductive transition in flowering plants. In model plants, these environmental signals have been shown to include photoperiod, vernalization, and ambient temperature pathways, and in crop species, the integration of the ambient temperature pathway remains less well understood. In hexaploid wheat, at least 5 FT-like genes have been identified, each with a copy on the A, B, and D genomes. Here, we report the characterization of FT-B1 through analysis of FT-B1 null and overexpression genotypes under different ambient temperature conditions. This analysis has identified that the FT-B1 alleles perform differently under diverse environmental conditions; most notably, the FT-B1 null produces an increase in spikelet and tiller number when grown at lower temperature conditions. Additionally, absence of FT-B1 facilitates more rapid germination under both light and dark conditions. These results provide an opportunity to understand the FT-dependent pathways that underpin key responses of wheat development to changes in ambient temperature. This is particularly important for wheat, for which development and grain productivity are sensitive to changes in temperature.
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Wu M, Liu D, Abdul W, Upreti S, Liu Y, Song G, Wu J, Liu B, Gan Y. PIL5 represses floral transition in Arabidopsis under long day conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:513-518. [PMID: 29588173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PHYTOCHROME INTERACING FACTOR 3 LIKE 5 (PIL5), also named PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1) is an important b-HLH transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we show that mutant of pil5-1 displays early flowering phenotype. We demonstrate that the expressions of the major flowering promoter genes [FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPPRESOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), and LEAFY (LFY)] are upregulated in the mutant of pil5-1. There is a significant increase of the mRNA of PIL5 in the mutants of co2-1, ft-10, soc1-2, and lfy-4. These changes provide the molecular evidence that PIL5 interacts with the flowering regulators to control flowering time. Moreover, it is shown in our results that PIL5 mutation mediates the increased contents of gibberellic acid (GA). Which is further supported by the qRT-PCR analysis, an increased transcriptome level of the GA biosynthesis genes (GA3ox1, GA3ox2, GA20ox1, GA20ox2, and GA20ox3) has been observed in the pil5-1 mutants as compared to the wild type. Collectively, PIL5 is involved in floral transition interacting with flowering integrators and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wakeel Abdul
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sakila Upreti
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ge Song
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Hanchi M, Thibaud MC, Légeret B, Kuwata K, Pochon N, Beisson F, Cao A, Cuyas L, David P, Doerner P, Ferjani A, Lai F, Li-Beisson Y, Mutterer J, Philibert M, Raghothama KG, Rivasseau C, Secco D, Whelan J, Nussaume L, Javot H. The Phosphate Fast-Responsive Genes PECP1 and PPsPase1 Affect Phosphocholine and Phosphoethanolamine Content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2943-2962. [PMID: 29475899 PMCID: PMC5884592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation-mediated induction of the HAD-type phosphatases PPsPase1 (AT1G73010) and PECP1 (AT1G17710) has been reported in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about their in vivo function or impact on plant responses to nutrient deficiency. The preferences of PPsPase1 and PECP1 for different substrates have been studied in vitro but require confirmation in planta. Here, we examined the in vivo function of both enzymes using a reverse genetics approach. We demonstrated that PPsPase1 and PECP1 affect plant phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine content, but not the pyrophosphate-related phenotypes. These observations suggest that the enzymes play a similar role in planta related to the recycling of polar heads from membrane lipids that is triggered during phosphate starvation. Altering the expression of the genes encoding these enzymes had no effect on lipid composition, possibly due to compensation by other lipid recycling pathways triggered during phosphate starvation. Furthermore, our results indicated that PPsPase1 and PECP1 do not influence phosphate homeostasis, since the inactivation of these genes had no effect on phosphate content or on the induction of molecular markers related to phosphate starvation. A combination of transcriptomics and imaging analyses revealed that PPsPase1 and PECP1 display a highly dynamic expression pattern that closely mirrors the phosphate status. This temporal dynamism, combined with the wide range of induction levels, broad expression, and lack of a direct effect on Pi content and regulation, makes PPsPase1 and PECP1 useful molecular markers of the phosphate starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hanchi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Marie-Christine Thibaud
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nathalie Pochon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Aiqin Cao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Laura Cuyas
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Pascale David
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Peter Doerner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan 184-8501
| | - Fan Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jérôme Mutterer
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Philibert
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Kashchandra G Raghothama
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Corinne Rivasseau
- CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, UMR5168, Grenoble, France
| | - David Secco
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009 WA, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Life Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Hélène Javot
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Cadarache, 13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
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Nakamura Y. Membrane Lipid Oscillation: An Emerging System of Molecular Dynamics in the Plant Membrane. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:441-447. [PMID: 29415166 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythm represents a major biological process of living organisms. However, rhythmic oscillation of membrane lipid content is poorly described in plants. The development of lipidomic technology has led to the illustration of precise molecular profiles of membrane lipids under various growth conditions. Compared with conventional lipid signaling, which produces unpredictable lipid changes in response to ever-changing environmental conditions, lipid oscillation generates a fairly predictable lipid profile, adding a new layer of biological function to the membrane system and possible cross-talk with the other chronobiological processes. This mini review covers recent studies elucidating membrane lipid oscillation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Kisko M, Bouain N, Safi A, Medici A, Akkers RC, Secco D, Fouret G, Krouk G, Aarts MGM, Busch W, Rouached H. LPCAT1 controls phosphate homeostasis in a zinc-dependent manner. eLife 2018; 7:e32077. [PMID: 29453864 PMCID: PMC5826268 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms require a variety of essential elements for their basic biological functions. While the homeostasis of nutrients is highly intertwined, the molecular and genetic mechanisms of these dependencies remain poorly understood. Here, we report a discovery of a molecular pathway that controls phosphate (Pi) accumulation in plants under Zn deficiency. Using genome-wide association studies, we first identified allelic variation of the Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine (PC) AcylTransferase 1 (LPCAT1) gene as the key determinant of shoot Pi accumulation under Zn deficiency. We then show that regulatory variation at the LPCAT1 locus contributes significantly to this natural variation and we further demonstrate that the regulation of LPCAT1 expression involves bZIP23 TF, for which we identified a new binding site sequence. Finally, we show that in Zn deficient conditions loss of function of LPCAT1 increases the phospholipid Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine/PhosphatidylCholine ratio, the expression of the Pi transporter PHT1;1, and that this leads to shoot Pi accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtak Kisko
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Nadia Bouain
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Alaeddine Safi
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Anna Medici
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Robert C Akkers
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
| | - David Secco
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Mark GM Aarts
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel InstituteAustrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BiocenterViennaAustria
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
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Kisko M, Bouain N, Safi A, Medici A, Akkers RC, Secco D, Fouret G, Krouk G, Aarts MG, Busch W, Rouached H. LPCAT1 controls phosphate homeostasis in a zinc-dependent manner. eLife 2018; 7:32077. [PMID: 29453864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32077.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All living organisms require a variety of essential elements for their basic biological functions. While the homeostasis of nutrients is highly intertwined, the molecular and genetic mechanisms of these dependencies remain poorly understood. Here, we report a discovery of a molecular pathway that controls phosphate (Pi) accumulation in plants under Zn deficiency. Using genome-wide association studies, we first identified allelic variation of the Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine (PC) AcylTransferase 1 (LPCAT1) gene as the key determinant of shoot Pi accumulation under Zn deficiency. We then show that regulatory variation at the LPCAT1 locus contributes significantly to this natural variation and we further demonstrate that the regulation of LPCAT1 expression involves bZIP23 TF, for which we identified a new binding site sequence. Finally, we show that in Zn deficient conditions loss of function of LPCAT1 increases the phospholipid Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine/PhosphatidylCholine ratio, the expression of the Pi transporter PHT1;1, and that this leads to shoot Pi accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtak Kisko
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadia Bouain
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alaeddine Safi
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Medici
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert C Akkers
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - David Secco
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Mark Gm Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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80
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Paper JM, Mukherjee T, Schrick K. Bioorthogonal click chemistry for fluorescence imaging of choline phospholipids in plants. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:31. [PMID: 29692861 PMCID: PMC5905148 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipids are important structural and signaling molecules in plant membranes. Some fluorescent dyes can stain general lipids of membranes, but labeling and visualization of specific lipid classes have yet to be developed for most components of the membrane. New techniques for visualizing membrane lipids are needed to further delineate their dynamic structural and signaling roles in plant cells. In this study we examined whether propargylcholine, a bioortholog of choline, can be used to label the major membrane lipid, phosphatidylcholine, and other choline phospholipids in plants. We established that propargylcholine is readily taken up by roots, and that its incorporation is not detrimental to plant growth. After plant tissue is harvested and fixed, a click-chemistry reaction covalently links the alkyne group of propargylcholine to a fluorescently-tagged azide, resulting in specific labeling of choline phospholipids. RESULTS Uptake of propargylcholine, followed by click chemistry with fluorescein or Alexa Fluor 594 azide was used to visualize choline phospholipids in cells of root, leaf, stem, silique and seed tissues from Arabidopsis thaliana. Co-localization with various subcellular markers indicated coinciding fluorescent signals in cell membranes, such as the tonoplast and the ER. Among different cell types in the leaf epidermis, guard cells displayed strong labeling. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis of the various plant tissues revealed that incorporation of propargylcholine was strongest in roots with approximately 50% of total choline phospholipids being labeled, but it was also incorporated in the other tissues including seeds. Phospholipid profiling confirmed that, in each tissue analyzed, incorporation of the bioortholog had little impact on the pool of choline plus choline-like phospholipids or other lipid species. CONCLUSION We developed and validated a click-chemistry based method for fluorescence imaging of choline phospholipids using a bioortholog of choline, propargylcholine, in various cell-types and tissues from Arabidopsis. This click-chemistry method provides a direct way to metabolically tag and visualize specific lipid molecules in plant cells. This work paves the way for future studies addressing in situ localization of specific lipids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Paper
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Benedictine College, Atchison, KS 66002 USA
| | - Thiya Mukherjee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
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81
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Leeggangers HACF, Rosilio-Brami T, Bigas-Nadal J, Rubin N, van Dijk ADJ, Nunez de Caceres Gonzalez FF, Saadon-Shitrit S, Nijveen H, Hilhorst HWM, Immink RGH, Zaccai M. Tulipa gesneriana and Lilium longiflorum PEBP Genes and Their Putative Roles in Flowering Time Control. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:90-106. [PMID: 29088399 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Floral induction in Tulipa gesneriana and Lilium longiflorum is triggered by contrasting temperature conditions, high and low temperature, respectively. In Arabidopsis, the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a member of the PEBP (phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein) gene family, is a key player in flowering time control. In this study, one PEBP gene was identified and characterized in lily (LlFT) and three PEBP genes were isolated from tulip (TgFT1, TgFT2 and TgFT3). Overexpression of these genes in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in an early flowering phenotype for LlFT and TgFT2, but a late flowering phenotype for TgFT1 and TgFT3. Overexpression of LlFT in L. longiflorum also resulted in an early flowering phenotype, confirming its proposed role as a flowering time-controlling gene. The tulip PEBP genes TgFT2 and TgFT3 have a similar expression pattern in tulip, but show opposite effects on the timing of flowering in Arabidopsis. Therefore, the difference between these two proteins was further investigated by interchanging amino acids thought to be important for the FT function. This resulted in the conversion of phenotypes in Arabidopsis upon overexpressing the substituted TgFT2 and TgFT3 genes, revealing the importance of these interchanged amino acid residues. Based on all obtained results, we hypothesize that LlFT is involved in creating meristem competence to flowering-related cues in lily, and TgFT2 is considered to act as a florigen involved in the floral induction in tulip. The function of TgFT3 remains unclear, but, based on our observations and phylogenetic analysis, we propose a bulb-specific function for this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrika A C F Leeggangers
- Wageningen Seed Lab (WSL), Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Rosilio-Brami
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 84105, Israel
| | - Judit Bigas-Nadal
- Wageningen Seed Lab (WSL), Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Noam Rubin
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 84105, Israel
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Applied Bioinformatics, Bioscience, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shani Saadon-Shitrit
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 84105, Israel
| | - Harm Nijveen
- Wageningen Seed Lab (WSL), Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Wageningen Seed Lab (WSL), Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G H Immink
- Wageningen Seed Lab (WSL), Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 84105, Israel
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Raboanatahiry N, Chao H, Dalin H, Pu S, Yan W, Yu L, Wang B, Li M. QTL Alignment for Seed Yield and Yield Related Traits in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1127. [PMID: 30116254 PMCID: PMC6083399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide consumption of oil is increasing with the growing population in need for edible oil and the expansion of industry using biofuels. Then, demand for high yielding varieties of oil crops is always increasing. Brassica napus (rapeseed) is one of the most important oil crop in the world, therefore, increasing rapeseed yield through breeding is inevitable in order to cater for the high demand of vegetable oil and high-quality protein for live stocks. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is a powerful tool to identify important loci and which is also valuable for molecular marker assisted breeding. Seed-yield (SY) is a complex trait that is controlled by multiple loci and is affected directly by seed weight, seeds per silique and silique number. Some yield-related traits, such as plant height, biomass yield, flowering time, and so on, also affect the SY indirectly. This study reports the assembly of QTLs identified for seed-yield and yield-related traits in rapeseed, in one unique map. A total of 972 QTLs for seed-yield and yield-related were aligned into the physical map of B. napus Darmor-bzh and 92 regions where 198 QTLs overlapped, could be discovered on 16 chromosomes. Also, 147 potential candidate genes were discovered in 65 regions where 131 QTLs overlapped, and might affect nine different traits. At the end, interaction network of candidate genes was studied, and showed nine genes that could highly interact with the other genes, and might have more influence on them. The present results would be helpful to develop molecular markers for yield associated traits and could be used for breeding improvement in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Raboanatahiry
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Hou Dalin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Shi Pu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- *Correspondence: Maoteng Li,
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Nakamura Y. Plant Phospholipid Diversity: Emerging Functions in Metabolism and Protein-Lipid Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:1027-1040. [PMID: 28993119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are essential components of biological membranes and signal transduction cascades in plants. In recent years, plant phospholipid research was greatly advanced by the characterization of numerous mutants affected in phospholipid biosynthesis and the discovery of a number of functionally important phospholipid-binding proteins. It is now accepted that most phospholipids to some extent have regulatory functions, including those that serve as constituents of biological membranes. Phospholipids are more than an inert end product of lipid biosynthesis. This review article summarizes recent advances on phospholipid biosynthesis with a particular focus on polar head group synthesis, followed by a short overview on protein-phospholipid interactions as an emerging regulatory mechanism of phospholipid function in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan 11529, Taiwan; http://ipmb.sinica.edu.tw/index.html/?q=node/972&language=en.
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84
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Pagter M, Yde CC, Kjær KH. Metabolic Fingerprinting of Dormant and Active Flower Primordia of Ribes nigrum Using High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning NMR. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10123-10130. [PMID: 29083175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Global warming may modify the timing of dormancy release and spring growth of buds of temperate fruit crops. Environmental regulation of the activity-dormancy cycle in perennial plants remains poorly understood at the metabolic level. Especially, the fine-scale metabolic dynamics in the meristematic zone within buds has received little attention. In this work we performed metabolic profiling of intact floral primordia of Ribes nigrum isolated from buds differing in dormancy status using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. The technique proved useful in monitoring different groups of metabolites, e.g., carbohydrates and amino acids, in floral primordia and allowed metabolic separation of primordia from endo- and ecodormant buds. In addition, due to its nondestructive character, HR-MAS NMR may provide novel insights into cellular compartmentation of individual biomolecules that cannot be obtained using liquid-state NMR. Out results show that HR-MAS NMR may be an important method for metabolomics of intact plant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken Pagter
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Fredrik Bajers vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Christian Clement Yde
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
- DuPont Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark
| | - Katrine Heinsvig Kjær
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
- Danish Technological Institute, Gregersensvej 1, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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85
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Qin Z, Bai Y, Wu L. Flowering on Time: Multilayered Restrictions on FT in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1365-1367. [PMID: 28965831 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Qin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxue Bai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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86
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Saito T, Wang S, Ohkawa K, Ohara H, Ikeura H, Ogawa Y, Kondo S. Lipid droplet-associated gene expression and chromatin remodelling in LIPASE 5'-upstream region from beginning- to mid-endodormant bud in 'Fuji' apple. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:441-449. [PMID: 29019094 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We found that lipid accumulation in the meristem region and the expression of MdLIP2A, which appears to be regulated by chromatin remodeling, coincided with endodormancy induction in the 'Fuji' apple. In deciduous trees, including apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.), lipid accumulation in the meristem region towards endodormancy induction has been thought to be an important process for the acquisition of cold tolerance. In this study, we conducted histological staining of crude lipids in the meristem region of 'Fuji' apples and found that lipid accumulation coincided with endodormancy induction. Since a major component of lipid bodies (triacylglycerol) is esterified fatty acids, we analysed fatty acid-derived volatile compounds and genes encoding fatty acid-modifying enzymes (MdLOX1A and MdHPL2A); the reduction of lipid breakdown also coincided with endodormancy induction. We then characterised the expression patterns of lipid body-regulatory genes MdOLE1 and MdLIP2A during endodormancy induction and found that the expression of MdLIP2A correlated well with lipid accumulation towards endodormancy induction. Based on these results, we conducted chromatin remodelling studies and localized the cis-element in the 5'-upstream region of MdLIP2A to clarify its regulatory mechanism. Finally, we revealed that chromatin was concentrated - 764 to - 862 bp of the 5'-upstream region of MdLIP2A, which harbours the GARE [gibberellin responsive MYB transcription factor binding site] and CArG [MADS-box transcription factor binding site] motifs-meristem development-related protein-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Saito
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohkawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohara
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271-8510, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa-no-ha, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeura
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Ogawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271-8510, Japan.
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87
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Lim GH, Singhal R, Kachroo A, Kachroo P. Fatty Acid- and Lipid-Mediated Signaling in Plant Defense. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:505-536. [PMID: 28777926 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and lipids, which are major and essential constituents of all plant cells, not only provide structural integrity and energy for various metabolic processes but can also function as signal transduction mediators. Lipids and fatty acids can act as both intracellular and extracellular signals. In addition, cyclic and acyclic products generated during fatty acid metabolism can also function as important chemical signals. This review summarizes the biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids and their involvement in pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546;
| | - Richa Singhal
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546;
| | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546;
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546;
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88
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Flowering time in banana (Musa spp.), a day neutral plant, is controlled by at least three FLOWERING LOCUS T homologues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5935. [PMID: 28724905 PMCID: PMC5517511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana is an important day neutral food crop with a long flowering/fruiting cycle that is affected by hot summers or cold winters in different places. Manipulating its life cycle requires an understanding of its flowering time machinery to bypass these stresses. Twelve FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and two TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) members were isolated from banana and their organization and expression pattern studied during development in two varieties that differ in flowering time namely Grand Nain (AAA genotype) and Hill banana (AAB genotype). The expression of at least 3 genes namely MaFT1, MaFT2 and MaFT5 (and to some extent MaFT7) increases just prior to initiation of flowering. These four genes and five others (MaFT3, MaFT4, MaFT8, MaFT12 and MaTSF1 could suppress the delayed flowering defect in the Arabidopsis ft-10 mutant and induce early flowering upon over-expression in the Col-0 ecotype. Most genes are diurnally regulated and differentially expressed during development and in various vegetative and reproductive tissues suggesting roles besides flowering. Subtle amino acid changes in these FT/TSF-like proteins provide interesting insights into the structure/function relationships of banana FTs vis-à-vis Arabidopsis. The studies provide a means for manipulation of flowering in banana for better management of resources and to reduce losses through abiotic stresses.
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89
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Cho Y, Yu CY, Nakamura Y, Kanehara K. Arabidopsis dolichol kinase AtDOK1 is involved in flowering time control. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3243-3252. [PMID: 28379398 PMCID: PMC5853391 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dolichols are a class of isoprenoids that consist of highly polymerized and unsaturated long-chain isoprenes. They play crucial roles in protein glycosylation including N-glycosylation, because the oligosaccharide is assembled on a lipid carrier, dolichyl diphosphate. Arabidopsis DOLICHOL KINASE 1, AtDOK1 (At3g45040), encodes a functional dolichol kinase that is involved in plant reproductive processes. The expression of AtDOK1 is limited to highly pluripotent cells although protein glycosylation is thought to be required ubiquitously in the entire plant body. In this study, we further explored AtDOK1 functions by creating leaky knockdown mutants of DOK1. We used a microRNA-mediated gene suppression technique because knockout of DOK1 causes lethality. The DOK1 knockdown mutants showed an early flowering phenotype without any remarkable growth defect in vegetative tissues. Indeed, AtDOK1 was highly expressed in emerging shoot apical meristems as well as inflorescence and floral meristems. A subcellular localization study of DOK1 revealed that DOK1 was localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Our findings suggest that the endoplasmic reticulum-localized catalytically active DOK1 is highly expressed in the meristems and is involved in the control of flowering time, possibly by post-transcriptional regulation including protein glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Cho
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Yu
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Japan
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90
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FLOWERING LOCUS T Triggers Early and Fertile Flowering in Glasshouse Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6020022. [PMID: 28555003 PMCID: PMC5489794 DOI: 10.3390/plants6020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated breeding of plant species has the potential to help challenge environmental and biochemical cues to support global crop security. We demonstrate the over-expression of ArabidopsisFLOWERING LOCUS T in Agrobacterium-mediated transformed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz; cultivar 60444) to trigger early flowering in glasshouse-grown plants. An event seldom seen in a glasshouse environment, precocious flowering and mature inflorescence were obtained within 4–5 months from planting of stem cuttings. Manual pollination using pistillate and staminate flowers from clonal propagants gave rise to viable seeds that germinated into morphologically typical progeny. This strategy comes at a time when accelerated crop breeding is of increasing importance to complement progressive genome editing techniques.
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91
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Cho LH, Yoon J, An G. The control of flowering time by environmental factors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:708-719. [PMID: 27995671 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The timing of flowering is determined by endogenous genetic components as well as various environmental factors, such as day length, temperature, and stress. The genetic elements and molecular mechanisms that rule this process have been examined in the long-day-flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana and short-day-flowering rice (Oryza sativa). However, reviews of research on the role of those factors are limited. Here, we focused on how flowering time is influenced by nutrients, ambient temperature, drought, salinity, exogenously applied hormones and chemicals, and pathogenic microbes. In response to such stresses or stimuli, plants either begin flowering to produce seeds for the next generation or else delay flowering by slowing their metabolism. These responses vary depending upon the dose of the stimulus, the plant developmental stage, or even the cultivar that is used. Our review provides insight into how crops might be managed to increase productivity under various environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
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92
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Tang TX, Xiong W, Finkielstein CV, Capelluto DGS. Identification of Lipid Binding Modulators Using the Protein-Lipid Overlay Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1647:197-206. [PMID: 28809004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7201-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein-lipid overlay assay is an inexpensive, easy-to-implement, and high-throughput methodology that employs nitrocellulose membranes to immobilize lipids in order to rapid screen and identify protein-lipid interactions. In this chapter, we show how this methodology can identify potential modulators of protein-lipid interactions by screening water-soluble lipid competitors or even the introduction of pH changes during the binding assay to identify pH-dependent lipid binding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo-Xian Tang
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wen Xiong
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carla V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Daniel G S Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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93
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Wang Z, Yang R, Devisetty UK, Maloof JN, Zuo Y, Li J, Shen Y, Zhao J, Bao M, Ning G. The Divergence of Flowering Time Modulated by FT/TFL1 Is Independent to Their Interaction and Binding Activities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:697. [PMID: 28533784 PMCID: PMC5421193 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) proteins share highly conserved amino acid residues but they play opposite regulatory roles in promoting and repressing the flowering response, respectively. Previous substitution models and functional analysis have identified several key amino acid residues which are critical for the promotion of flowering. However, the precise relationship between naturally occurring FT/TFL1 homologs and the mechanism of their role in flowering is still unclear. In this study, FT/TFL1 homologs from eight Rosaceae species, namely, Spiraea cantoniensis, Pyracantha fortuneana, Photinia serrulata, Fragaria ananassa, Rosa hybrida, Prunus mume, Prunus persica and Prunus yedoensis, were isolated. Three of these homologs were further characterized by functional analyses involving site-directed mutagenesis. The results showed that these FT/TFL1 homologs might have diverse functions despite sharing a high similarity of sequences or crystal structures. Functional analyses were conducted for the key FT amino acids, Tyr-85 and Gln-140. It revealed that TFL1 homologs cannot promote flowering simply by substitution with key FT amino acid residues. Mutations of the IYN triplet motif within segment C of exon 4 can prevent the FT homolog from promoting the flowering. Furthermore, physical interaction of FT homologous or mutated proteins with the transcription factor FD, together with their lipid-binding properties analysis, showed that it was not sufficient to trigger flowering. Thus, our findings revealed that the divergence of flowering time modulating by FT/TFL1 homologs is independent to interaction and binding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ruiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | | | - Julin N. Maloof
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, DavisCA, USA
| | - Yang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guogui Ning,
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94
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Botella C, Jouhet J, Block MA. Importance of phosphatidylcholine on the chloroplast surface. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 65:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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95
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Ye ZW, Lung SC, Hu TH, Chen QF, Suen YL, Wang M, Hoffmann-Benning S, Yeung E, Chye ML. Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein ACBP6 localizes in the phloem and affects jasmonate composition. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:717-730. [PMID: 27645136 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN6 (AtACBP6) encodes a cytosolic 10-kDa AtACBP. It confers freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, possibly by its interaction with lipids as indicated by the binding of acyl-CoA esters and phosphatidylcholine to recombinant AtACBP6. Herein, transgenic Arabidopsis transformed with an AtACBP6 promoter-driven β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct exhibited strong GUS activity in the vascular tissues. Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-AtACBP6 antibodies showed AtACBP6 localization in the phloem especially in the companion cells and sieve elements. Also, the presence of gold grains in the plasmodesmata indicated its potential role in systemic trafficking. The AtACBP6 protein, but not its mRNA, was found in phloem exudate of wild-type Arabidopsis. Fatty acid profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed an increase in the jasmonic acid (JA) precursor, 12-oxo-cis,cis-10,15-phytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA), and a reduction in JA and/or its derivatives in acbp6 phloem exudates in comparison to the wild type. Quantitative real-time PCR showed down-regulation of COMATOSE (CTS) in acbp6 rosettes suggesting that AtACBP6 affects CTS function. AtACBP6 appeared to affect the content of JA and/or its derivatives in the sieve tubes, which is consistent with its role in pathogen-defense and in its wound-inducibility of AtACBP6pro::GUS. Taken together, our results suggest the involvement of AtACBP6 in JA-biosynthesis in Arabidopsis phloem tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hua Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin-Fang Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung-Lee Suen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanne Hoffmann-Benning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Edward Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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96
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Using lipidomics for expanding the knowledge on lipid metabolism in plants. Biochimie 2016; 130:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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97
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Wang YS, Yao HY, Xue HW. Lipidomic profiling analysis reveals the dynamics of phospholipid molecules in Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:890-902. [PMID: 27015894 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput lipidomic profiling provides a sensitive approach for discovering minor lipid species. By using an advance in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, a large set of phospholipid molecular species (126 species) with high resolution were identified from Arabidopsis seedling; of them 31 species are newly identified (16 are unique in plants), including 13 species of phosphatidic acid (PA), nine phosphatidylcholine, six phosphatidylinositol and three phosphatidylserine. Further analysis of the lipidomic profile reveals dynamics of phospholipids and distinct species alterations during seedling development. PA molecules are found at the lowest levels in imbibition and follow an increasing trend during seedling growth, while phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules show the opposite pattern with highest levels at imbibition and a general decreasing trend at later stages. Of PA molecular species, 34:2-, 34:3-, 36:4-, 36:5-, 38:3- and 38:4-PA increase during radicle emergence, and 34:2- and 34:3-PA reach highest levels during hypocotyl and cotyledon emergence from the seed coat. Conversely, molecular species of PE show higher levels in imbibition and decrease in later stages. These results suggest the crucial roles of specific molecular species and homeostasis of phospholipid molecules in seedling growth and provide insights into the mechanisms of how phospholipid molecules are involved in regulating plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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98
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The Evolution of the FT/TFL1 Genes in Amaranthaceae and Their Expression Patterns in the Course of Vegetative Growth and Flowering in Chenopodium rubrum. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3065-3076. [PMID: 27473314 PMCID: PMC5068931 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.028639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The FT/TFL1 gene family controls important aspects of plant development: MFT-like genes affect germination, TFL1-like genes act as floral inhibitors, and FT-like genes are floral activators. Gene duplications produced paralogs with modified functions required by the specific lifestyles of various angiosperm species. We constructed the transcriptome of the weedy annual plant Chenopodium rubrum and used it for the comprehensive search for the FT/TFL1 genes. We analyzed their phylogenetic relationships across Amaranthaceae and all angiosperms. We discovered a very ancient phylogenetic clade of FT genes represented by the CrFTL3 gene of C. rubrum Another paralog CrFTL2 showed an unusual structural rearrangement which might have contributed to the functional shift. We examined the transcription patterns of the FT/TFL1 genes during the vegetative growth and floral transition in C. rubrum to get clues about their possible functions. All the genes except for the constitutively expressed CrFTL2 gene, and the CrFTL3 gene, which was transcribed only in seeds, exhibited organ-specific expression influenced by the specific light regime. The CrFTL1 gene was confirmed as a single floral activator from the FT/TFL1 family in C. rubrum Its floral promoting activity may be counteracted by CrTFL1 C. rubrum emerges as an easily manipulated model for the study of floral induction in weedy fast-cycling plants lacking a juvenile phase.
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Carella P, Wilson DC, Kempthorne CJ, Cameron RK. Vascular Sap Proteomics: Providing Insight into Long-Distance Signaling during Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:651. [PMID: 27242852 PMCID: PMC4863880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant vascular system, composed of the xylem and phloem, is important for the transport of water, mineral nutrients, and photosynthate throughout the plant body. The vasculature is also the primary means by which developmental and stress signals move from one organ to another. Due to practical and technological limitations, proteomics analysis of xylem and phloem sap has been understudied in comparison to accessible sample types such as leaves and roots. However, recent advances in sample collection techniques and mass spectrometry technology are making it possible to comprehensively analyze vascular sap proteomes. In this mini-review, we discuss the emerging field of vascular sap proteomics, with a focus on recent comparative studies to identify vascular proteins that may play roles in long-distance signaling and other processes during stress responses in plants.
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Barbaglia AM, Tamot B, Greve V, Hoffmann-Benning S. Phloem Proteomics Reveals New Lipid-Binding Proteins with a Putative Role in Lipid-Mediated Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:563. [PMID: 27200036 PMCID: PMC4849433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Global climate changes inversely affect our ability to grow the food required for an increasing world population. To combat future crop loss due to abiotic stress, we need to understand the signals responsible for changes in plant development and the resulting adaptations, especially the signaling molecules traveling long-distance through the plant phloem. Using a proteomics approach, we had identified several putative lipid-binding proteins in the phloem exudates. Simultaneously, we identified several complex lipids as well as jasmonates. These findings prompted us to propose that phloem (phospho-) lipids could act as long-distance developmental signals in response to abiotic stress, and that they are released, sensed, and moved by phloem lipid-binding proteins (Benning et al., 2012). Indeed, the proteins we identified include lipases that could release a signaling lipid into the phloem, putative receptor components, and proteins that could mediate lipid-movement. To test this possible protein-based lipid-signaling pathway, three of the proteins, which could potentially act in a relay, are characterized here: (I) a putative GDSL-motif lipase (II) a PIG-P-like protein, with a possible receptor-like function; (III) and PLAFP (phloem lipid-associated family protein), a predicted lipid-binding protein of unknown function. Here we show that all three proteins bind lipids, in particular phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), which is known to participate in intracellular stress signaling. Genes encoding these proteins are expressed in the vasculature, a prerequisite for phloem transport. Cellular localization studies show that the proteins are not retained in the endoplasmic reticulum but surround the cell in a spotted pattern that has been previously observed with receptors and plasmodesmatal proteins. Abiotic signals that induce the production of PtdOH also regulate the expression of GDSL-lipase and PLAFP, albeit in opposite patterns. Our findings suggest that while all three proteins are indeed lipid-binding and act in the vasculature possibly in a function related to long-distance signaling, the three proteins do not act in the same but rather in distinct pathways. It also points toward PLAFP as a prime candidate to investigate long-distance lipid signaling in the plant drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susanne Hoffmann-Benning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
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