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Kalyanasundaram A, Elefteriades J. The Genetics of Inheritable Aortic Diseases. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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52
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Genetics of Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease. CARDIOGENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing plays an increasing diagnostic and prognostic role in the management of patients with heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD). The identification of a specific variant can establish or confirm the diagnosis of syndromic HTAD, dictate extensive evaluation of the arterial tree in HTAD with known distal vasculature involvement and justify closer follow-up and earlier surgical intervention in HTAD with high risk of dissection of minimal or normal aortic size. Evolving phenotype–genotype correlations lead us towards more precise and individualized management and treatment of patients with HTAD. In this review, we present the latest evidence regarding the role of genetics in patients with HTAD.
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation with a Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020191. [PMID: 35207478 PMCID: PMC8880357 DOI: 10.3390/life12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal degenerative vascular disease that affects, mostly, the elder population, with a high mortality rate (>80%) upon rupture. It features a dilation of the aortic diameter to larger than 30 mm or more than 50%. Diverse pathological processes are involved in the development of AAA, including aortic wall inflammation, elastin breakdown, oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching and dysfunction, and extracellular matrix degradation. With open surgery being the only therapeutic option up to date, the lack of pharmaceutical treatment approach calls for identifying novel and effective targets and further understanding the pathological process of AAA. Both lifestyle and genetic predisposition have an important role in increasing the risk of AAA. Several cell types are closely related to the pathogenesis of AAA. Among them, vascular SMCs (VSMCs) are gaining much attention as a critical contributor for AAA initiation and/or progression. In this review, we summarize what is known about AAA, including the risk factors, the pathophysiology, and the established animal models of AAA. In particular, we focus on the VSMC phenotypic switching and dysfunction in AAA formation. Further understanding the regulation of VSMC phenotypic changes may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of AAA.
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Guan X, Xin H, Xu M, Ji J, Li J. The Role and Mechanism of SIRT6 in Regulating Phenotype Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3200798. [PMID: 35035519 PMCID: PMC8758316 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data mining of current gene expression databases has not been previously performed to determine whether sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expression participates in the pathological process of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The present study was aimed at investigating the role and mechanism of SIRT6 in regulating phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in AAA. METHODS Three gene expression microarray datasets of AAA patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and one dataset of SIRT6-knockout (KO) mice were selected, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of both the AAA-related DEGs and the SIRT6-related DEGs were conducted. RESULTS GEO2R analysis showed that the expression of SIRT6 was downregulated for three groups and upregulated for one group in the three datasets, and none of them satisfied statistical significance. There were top 5 DEGs (KYNU, NPTX2, SCRG1, GRK5, and RGS5) in both of the human AAA group and SIRT6-KO mouse group. Top 25 ontology of the SIRT6-KO-related DEGs showed that several pathways including tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine and negative regulation of cell growth were enriched in the tissues of thickness aortic wall biopsies of AAA patients. CONCLUSIONS Although SIRT6 mRNA level itself did not change among AAA patients, SIRT6 may play an important role in regulating several signaling pathways with significant association with AAA, suggesting that SIRT6 mRNA upregulation is a protective factor for VSMC against AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Guan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266700, China
| | - Hai Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266700, China
| | - Meiling Xu
- Department of Interventional Operating Room, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266700, China
| | - Jianlei Ji
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266700, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266700, China
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Erhart P, Körfer D, Grond-Ginsbach C, Qiao JL, Bischoff MS, Hempel M, Schaaf CP, Grau A, Böckler D. Genetic Variation in LRP1 Associates with Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection Risk and Clinical Outcome. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9010014. [PMID: 35050224 PMCID: PMC8780592 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) was reported to be associated with thoracic aortic dissections and aneurysms. The aims of this study were to confirm this association in a prospective single-center patient cohort of patients with acute Stanford type B aortic dissections (STBAD) and to assess the impact of LRP1 variation on clinical outcome. The single nucleotide variation (SNV) rs11172113 within the LRP1 gene was genotyped in 113 STBAD patients and 768 healthy control subjects from the same population. The T-allele of rs11172113 was more common in STBAD patients as compared to the reference group (72.6% vs. 59.6%) and confirmed to be an independent risk factor for STBAD (p = 0.002) after sex and age adjustment in a logistic regression model analyzing diabetes, smoking and hypertension as additional risk factors. Analysis of clinical follow-up (median follow-up 2.0 years) revealed that patients with the T-allele were more likely to suffer aorta-related complications (T-allele 75.6% vs. 63.8%; p = 0.022). In this study sample of STBAD patients, variation in LRP1 was an independent risk factor for STBAD and affected clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Erhart
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.K.); (C.G.-G.); (J.-L.Q.); (M.S.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-6249
| | - Daniel Körfer
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.K.); (C.G.-G.); (J.-L.Q.); (M.S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Caspar Grond-Ginsbach
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.K.); (C.G.-G.); (J.-L.Q.); (M.S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Jia-Lu Qiao
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.K.); (C.G.-G.); (J.-L.Q.); (M.S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Moritz S. Bischoff
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.K.); (C.G.-G.); (J.-L.Q.); (M.S.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.H.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Christian P. Schaaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.H.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Armin Grau
- Department of Neurology, Community Hospital Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany;
| | - Dittmar Böckler
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.K.); (C.G.-G.); (J.-L.Q.); (M.S.B.); (D.B.)
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56
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Increased Risk of Aortic Dissection with Perlecan Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010315. [PMID: 35008739 PMCID: PMC8745340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a basement membrane-type heparan sulfate proteoglycan, has been implicated in the development of aortic tissue. However, its role in the development and maintenance of the aortic wall remains unknown. Perlecan-deficient mice (Hspg2−/−-Tg: Perl KO) have been found to show a high frequency (15–35%) of aortic dissection (AD). Herein, an analysis of the aortic wall of Perl KO mice revealed that perlecan deficiency caused thinner and partially torn elastic lamina. Compared to the control aortic tissue, perlecan-deficient aortic tissue showed a significant decrease in desmosine content and an increase in soluble tropoelastin levels, implying the presence of immature elastic fibers in Perl KO mice. Furthermore, the reduced expression of the smooth muscle cell contractile proteins actin and myosin in perlecan-deficient aortic tissue may explain the risk of AD. This study showed that a deficiency in perlecan, which is localized along the elastic lamina and at the interface between elastin and fibrillin-1, increased the risk of AD, largely due to the immaturity of extracellular matrix in the aortic tissue. Overall, we proposed a new model of AD that considers the deficiency of extracellular molecule perlecan as a risk factor.
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Meester-Loeys Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:265-272. [PMID: 34807424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Meester-Loeys syndrome is an X-linked form of syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm, characterized by the involvement of multiple organ systems. More specifically, the cardiovascular, skeletal, craniofacial, cutaneous and neurological systems are affected. Clear clinical overlap with Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome is observed. Aortic dissections occur typically at young ages and are most often observed in males. Meester-Loeys syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in BGN, encoding the small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan. Although functional consequences of these mutations remain largely elusive, increased TGF-β signaling has been observed. Novel insights will provide opportunities for preventive therapeutic interventions.
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Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome is an autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome characterized by multisystemic involvement. The most typical clinical triad includes hypertelorism, bifid uvula or cleft palate and aortic aneurysm with tortuosity. Natural history is significant for aortic dissection at smaller aortic diameter and arterial aneurysms throughout the arterial tree. The genetic cause is heterogeneous and includes mutations in genes encoding for components of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway: TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD2, SMAD3, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Despite the loss of function nature of these mutations, the patient-derived aortic tissues show evidence of increased (rather than decreased) TGFβ signalling. These insights offer new options for therapeutic interventions.
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59
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Chesneau B, Plancke A, Rolland G, Marcheix B, Dulac Y, Edouard T, Plaisancié J, Aubert-Mucca M, Julia S, Langeois M, Lavabre-Bertrand T, Khau Van Kien P. A +3 variant at a donor splice site leads to a skipping of the MYH11 exon 32, a recurrent RNA defect causing Heritable Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection and/or Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1814. [PMID: 34672437 PMCID: PMC8606209 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic variants in MYH11 are associated with either heritable thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (HTAAD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) syndrome, or megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS). Methods and Results We report a family referred for molecular diagnosis with HTAAD/PDA phenotype in which we found a variant at a non‐conserved position of the 5’ donor splice site of intron 32 of MYH11 potentially altering splicing (NM_002474.3:c.4578+3A>C). Although its cosegregation with disease was observed, it remained of unknown significance. Later, aortic surgery in the proband gave us the opportunity to perform a transcript analysis. This showed a skipping of the exon 32, an RNA defect previously reported to be translated to an in‐frame loss of 71 amino acids and a dominant‐negative effect in the smooth muscle myosin rod. This RNA defect is also reported in 3 other HTAAD/PDA pedigrees. Conclusion This report confirms that among rare variants in MYH11, skipping of exon 32 is recurrent. This finding is of particular interest to establish complex genotype–phenotype correlations where some alleles are associated with autosomal dominant HTAAD/PDA, while others result in recessive or dominant visceral myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Chesneau
- UF de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.,Centre de Référence du syndrome de Marfan et des syndromes apparentés, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Plancke
- UF de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Guillaume Rolland
- UF de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Bertrand Marcheix
- Département de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Hôpital Universitaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dulac
- Centre de Référence du syndrome de Marfan et des syndromes apparentés, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Centre de Référence du syndrome de Marfan et des syndromes apparentés, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Plaisancié
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Universitaire de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Aubert-Mucca
- Centre de Référence du syndrome de Marfan et des syndromes apparentés, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Universitaire de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Julia
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Universitaire de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Maud Langeois
- Centre de Référence du syndrome de Marfan et des syndromes apparentés, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Universitaire de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Lavabre-Bertrand
- UF de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.,Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR5247, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de Médecine Montpellier-Nîmes, Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR5247, Nîmes, France
| | - Philippe Khau Van Kien
- UF de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.,Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR5247, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de Médecine Montpellier-Nîmes, Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS UMR5247, Nîmes, France
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Inducible Prmt1 ablation in adult vascular smooth muscle leads to contractile dysfunction and aortic dissection. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1569-1579. [PMID: 34635781 PMCID: PMC8568946 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have remarkable plasticity in response to diverse environmental cues. Although these cells are versatile, chronic stress can trigger VSMC dysfunction, which ultimately leads to vascular diseases such as aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (Prmt1) is a major enzyme catalyzing asymmetric arginine dimethylation of proteins that are sources of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Although a potential role of Prmt1 in vascular pathogenesis has been proposed, its role in vascular function has yet to be clarified. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of Prmt1 in vascular smooth muscle contractility and function. The expression of PRMT1 and contractile-related genes was significantly decreased in the aortas of elderly humans and patients with aortic aneurysms. Mice with VSMC-specific Prmt1 ablation (smKO) exhibited partial lethality, low blood pressure and aortic dilation. The Prmt1-ablated aortas showed aortic dissection with elastic fiber degeneration and cell death. Ex vivo and in vitro analyses indicated that Prmt1 ablation significantly decreased the contractility of the aorta and traction forces of VSMCs. Prmt1 ablation downregulated the expression of contractile genes such as myocardin while upregulating the expression of synthetic genes, thus causing the contractile to synthetic phenotypic switch of VSMCs. In addition, mechanistic studies demonstrated that Prmt1 directly regulates myocardin gene activation by modulating epigenetic histone modifications in the myocardin promoter region. Thus, our study demonstrates that VSMC Prmt1 is essential for vascular homeostasis and that its ablation causes aortic dilation/dissection through impaired myocardin expression.
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H3K4 di-methylation governs smooth muscle lineage identity and promotes vascular homeostasis by restraining plasticity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2765-2782.e10. [PMID: 34582749 PMCID: PMC8567421 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the regulation of cell differentiation and function. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are specialized contractile cells that retain phenotypic plasticity even after differentiation. Here, by performing selective demethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 di-methylation (H3K4me2) at SMC-specific genes, we uncovered that H3K4me2 governs SMC lineage identity. Removal of H3K4me2 via selective editing in cultured vascular SMCs and in murine arterial vasculature led to loss of differentiation and reduced contractility due to impaired recruitment of the DNA methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2. H3K4me2 editing altered SMC adaptative capacities during vascular remodeling due to loss of miR-145 expression. Finally, H3K4me2 editing induced a profound alteration of SMC lineage identity by redistributing H3K4me2 toward genes associated with stemness and developmental programs, thus exacerbating plasticity. Our studies identify the H3K4me2-TET2-miR145 axis as a central epigenetic memory mechanism controlling cell identity and function, whose alteration could contribute to various pathophysiological processes.
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Yasuhara J, Garg V. Genetics of congenital heart disease: a narrative review of recent advances and clinical implications. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2366-2386. [PMID: 34733677 PMCID: PMC8506053 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect and remains a leading cause of mortality in childhood. Although advances in clinical management have improved the survival of children with CHD, adult survivors commonly experience cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities, which affect quality of life and prognosis. Therefore, the elucidation of genetic etiologies of CHD not only has important clinical implications for genetic counseling of patients and families but may also impact clinical outcomes by identifying at-risk patients. Recent advancements in genetic technologies, including massively parallel sequencing, have allowed for the discovery of new genetic etiologies for CHD. Although variant prioritization and interpretation of pathogenicity remain challenges in the field of CHD genomics, advances in single-cell genomics and functional genomics using cellular and animal models of CHD have the potential to provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of CHD and its associated morbidities. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the established genetic contributors to CHD and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the genetic architecture of CHD along with current challenges with the interpretation of genetic variation. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical implications of genetic findings to predict and potentially improve clinical outcomes in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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63
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Zhou D, Feng H, Yang Y, Huang T, Qiu P, Zhang C, Olsen T, Zhang J, Chen YE, Mizrak D, Yang B. hiPSC Modeling of Lineage-Specific Smooth Muscle Cell Defects Caused by TGFBR1A230T Variant, and its Therapeutic Implications for Loeys-Dietz Syndrome. Circulation 2021; 144:1145-1159. [PMID: 34346740 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is an inherited disorder predisposing individuals to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD). Currently, there are no medical treatments except surgical resection. Although the genetic basis of LDS is well-understood, molecular mechanisms underlying the disease remain elusive impeding the development of a therapeutic strategy. In addition, aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) have heterogenous embryonic origins depending on their spatial location, and lineage-specific effects of pathogenic variants on SMC function, likely causing regionally constrained LDS manifestations, have been unexplored. Methods: We identified an LDS family with a dominant pathogenic variant in TGFBR1 gene (TGFBR1A230T) causing aortic root aneurysm and dissection. To accurately model the molecular defects caused by this mutation, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from subject with normal aorta to generate hiPSC carrying TGFBR1A230T, and corrected the mutation in patient-derived hiPSC using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Following their lineage-specific SMC differentiation through cardiovascular progenitor cell (CPC) and neural crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages, we employed conventional molecular techniques and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the molecular defects. The resulting data led to subsequent molecular and functional rescue experiments employing Activin A and rapamycin. Results: Our results indicate the TGFBR1A230T mutation impairs contractile transcript and protein levels, and function in CPC-SMC, but not in NCSC-SMC. ScRNA-seq results implicate defective differentiation even in TGFBR1A230T/+ CPC-SMC including disruption of SMC contraction, and extracellular matrix formation. Comparison of patient-derived and mutation-corrected cells supported the contractile phenotype observed in the mutant CPC-SMC. TGFBR1A230T selectively disrupted SMAD3 and AKT activation in CPC-SMC, and led to increased cell proliferation. Consistently, scRNA-seq revealed molecular similarities between a loss-of-function SMAD3 mutation (SMAD3c.652delA/+) and TGFBR1A230T/+. Lastly, combination treatment with Activin A and rapamycin during or after SMC differentiation significantly improved the mutant CPC-SMC contractile gene expression, and function; and rescued the mechanical properties of mutant CPC-SMC tissue constructs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a pathogenic TGFBR1 variant causes lineage-specific SMC defects informing the etiology of LDS-associated aortic root aneurysm. As a potential pharmacological strategy, our results highlight a combination treatment with Activin A and rapamycin that can rescue the SMC defects caused by the variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Timothy Olsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dogukan Mizrak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Fedrigo M, Visentin S, Veronese P, Barison I, Giarraputo A, Cosmi E, Thiene G, Gervasi MT, Basso C, Angelini A. Isolated Dissection of the Ductus Arteriosus Associated with Sudden Unexpected Intrauterine Death. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8080091. [PMID: 34436233 PMCID: PMC8396886 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report five cases of sudden intrauterine death due to premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. In four cases, this was caused by dissecting the hematoma of the ductus arteriosus with intimal flap and obliteration of the lumen. In one case, the ductus arteriosus was aneurysmatic, with lumen occlusion caused by thrombus stratification. No drug therapy or free medication consumption were reported during pregnancy. The time of stillbirth ranged between 26 and 33 gestational weeks. We performed TUNEL analysis for apoptosis quantification. The dissecting features were intimal tears with flap formation in four of the cases, just above the origin of the ductus arteriosus from the pulmonary artery. The dissecting hematoma of the ductus arteriosus extended downward to the descending aorta and backward to the aortic arch with involvement of the left carotid and left subclavian arteries. TUNEL analysis showed a high number of apoptotic smooth muscle cells in the media in two cases. Abnormal ductal remodeling with absence of subintimal cushions, lacunar spaces rich in glycosaminoglycans (cystic medial necrosis), and smooth muscle cell apoptosis were the pathological substrates accounting for failure of remodeling process and dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.F.); (I.B.); (A.G.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Silvia Visentin
- Department of Woman and Children Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.V.); (P.V.); (E.C.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Paola Veronese
- Department of Woman and Children Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.V.); (P.V.); (E.C.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Ilaria Barison
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.F.); (I.B.); (A.G.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Alessia Giarraputo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.F.); (I.B.); (A.G.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Erich Cosmi
- Department of Woman and Children Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.V.); (P.V.); (E.C.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.F.); (I.B.); (A.G.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Woman and Children Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.V.); (P.V.); (E.C.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.F.); (I.B.); (A.G.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.F.); (I.B.); (A.G.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8272260
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Yanagisawa H, Yokoyama U. Extracellular matrix-mediated remodeling and mechanotransduction in large vessels during development and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110104. [PMID: 34339854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) is synthesized and secreted during embryogenesis and facilitates the growth and remodeling of large vessels. Proper interactions between the ECM and vascular cells are pivotal for building the vasculature required for postnatal dynamic circulation. The ECM serves as a structural component by maintaining the integrity of the vessel wall while also regulating intercellular signaling, which involves cytokines and growth factors. The major ECM component in large vessels is elastic fibers, which include elastin and microfibrils. Elastin is predominantly synthesized by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and uses microfibrils as a scaffold to lay down and assemble cross-linked elastin. The absence of elastin causes developmental defects that result in the subendothelial proliferation of SMCs and inward remodeling of the vessel wall. Notably, elastic fiber formation is attenuated in the ductus arteriosus and umbilical arteries. These two vessels function during embryogenesis and close after birth via cellular proliferation, migration, and matrix accumulation. In dynamic postnatal mechano-environments, the elastic fibers in large vessels also serve an essential role in proper signal transduction as a component of elastin-contractile units. Disrupted mechanotransduction in SMCs leads to pathological conditions such as aortic aneurysms that exhibit outward remodeling. This review discusses the importance of the ECM-mainly the elastic fiber matrix-in large vessels during developmental remodeling and under pathological conditions. By dissecting the role of the ECM in large vessels, we aim to provide insights into the role of ECM-mediated signal transduction that can provide a basis for seeking new targets for intervention in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, The University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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66
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Meerschaut I, Vergult S, Dheedene A, Menten B, De Groote K, De Wilde H, Muiño Mosquera L, Panzer J, Vandekerckhove K, Coucke PJ, De Wolf D, Callewaert B. A Reassessment of Copy Number Variations in Congenital Heart Defects: Picturing the Whole Genome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071048. [PMID: 34356064 PMCID: PMC8304049 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) can modulate phenotypes by affecting protein-coding sequences directly or through interference of gene expression. Recent studies in cancer and limb defects pinpointed the relevance of non-coding gene regulatory elements such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and topologically associated domain (TAD)-related gene-enhancer interactions. The contribution of such non-coding elements is largely unexplored in congenital heart defects (CHD). We performed a retrospective analysis of CNVs reported in a cohort of 270 CHD patients. We reviewed the diagnostic yield of pathogenic CNVs, and performed a comprehensive reassessment of 138 CNVs of unknown significance (CNV-US), evaluating protein-coding genes, lncRNA genes, and potential interferences with TAD-related gene-enhancer interactions. Fifty-two of the 138 CNV-US may relate to CHD, revealing three candidate CHD regions, 19 candidate CHD genes, 80 lncRNA genes of interest, and six potentially CHD-related TAD interferences. Our study thus indicates a potential relevance of non-coding gene regulatory elements in CNV-related CHD pathogenesis. Shortcomings in our current knowledge on genomic variation call for continuous reporting of CNV-US in international databases, careful patient counseling, and additional functional studies to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Meerschaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.M.); (S.V.); (A.D.); (B.M.); (L.M.M.); (P.J.C.)
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.G.); (H.D.W.); (J.P.); (K.V.); (D.D.W.)
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.M.); (S.V.); (A.D.); (B.M.); (L.M.M.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.M.); (S.V.); (A.D.); (B.M.); (L.M.M.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.M.); (S.V.); (A.D.); (B.M.); (L.M.M.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Katya De Groote
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.G.); (H.D.W.); (J.P.); (K.V.); (D.D.W.)
| | - Hans De Wilde
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.G.); (H.D.W.); (J.P.); (K.V.); (D.D.W.)
| | - Laura Muiño Mosquera
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.M.); (S.V.); (A.D.); (B.M.); (L.M.M.); (P.J.C.)
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.G.); (H.D.W.); (J.P.); (K.V.); (D.D.W.)
| | - Joseph Panzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.G.); (H.D.W.); (J.P.); (K.V.); (D.D.W.)
| | - Kristof Vandekerckhove
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.G.); (H.D.W.); (J.P.); (K.V.); (D.D.W.)
| | - Paul J. Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.M.); (S.V.); (A.D.); (B.M.); (L.M.M.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Daniël De Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.G.); (H.D.W.); (J.P.); (K.V.); (D.D.W.)
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Brussels University Hospital, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium and Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.M.); (S.V.); (A.D.); (B.M.); (L.M.M.); (P.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-3603
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67
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Burger J, Bogunovic N, de Wagenaar NP, Liu H, Vliet N, IJpma A, Maugeri A, Micha D, Verhagen HJM, Ten Hagen TLM, Majoor-Krakauer D, Pluijm I, Essers J, Yeung KK. Molecular phenotyping and functional assessment of smooth muscle like-cells with pathogenic variants in aneurysm genes ACTA2, MYH11, SMAD3 and FBN1. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2286-2299. [PMID: 34244757 PMCID: PMC8600030 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are pathological dilatations of the aorta. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding for proteins of the contractile machinery of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), genes encoding proteins of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis play a role in the weakening of the aortic wall. These variants affect the functioning of VSMC, the predominant cell type in the aorta. Many variants have unknown clinical significance, with unknown consequences on VSMC function and AA development. Our goal was to develop functional assays that show the effects of pathogenic variants in aneurysm-related genes. We used a previously developed fibroblast transdifferentiation protocol to induce VSMC-like cells, which are used for all assays. We compared transdifferentiated VSMC-like cells of patients with a pathogenic variant in genes encoding for components of VSMC contraction (ACTA2, MYH11), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling (SMAD3) and a dominant negative (DN) and two haploinsufficient variants in the ECM elastic laminae (FBN1) to those of healthy controls. The transdifferentiation efficiency, structural integrity of the cytoskeleton, TGFβ signaling profile, migration velocity and maximum contraction were measured. Transdifferentiation efficiency was strongly reduced in SMAD3 and FBN1 DN patients. ACTA2 and FBN1 DN cells showed a decrease in SMAD2 phosphorylation. Migration velocity was impaired for ACTA2 and MYH11 cells. ACTA2 cells showed reduced contractility. In conclusion, these assays for showing effects of pathogenic variants may be promising tools to help reclassification of variants of unknown clinical significance in AA-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Burger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalija Bogunovic
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, MOVE Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie P de Wagenaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne IJpma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Maugeri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, MOVE Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, MOVE Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hence J M Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ingrid Pluijm
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak K Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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68
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Basement membrane collagen IV deficiency promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12903. [PMID: 34145342 PMCID: PMC8213747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex disease which is incompletely accounted for. Basement membrane (BM) Collagen IV (COL4A1/A2) is abundant in the artery wall, and several lines of evidence indicate a protective role of baseline COL4A1/A2 in AAA development. Using Col4a1/a2 hemizygous knockout mice (Col4a1/a2+/-, 129Svj background) we show that partial Col4a1/a2 deficiency augmented AAA formation. Although unchallenged aortas were morphometrically and biomechanically unaffected by genotype, explorative proteomic analyses of aortas revealed a clear reduction in BM components and contractile vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proteins, suggesting a central effect of the BM in maintaining VSMCs in the contractile phenotype. These findings were translated to human arteries by showing that COL4A1/A2 correlated to BM proteins and VSMC markers in non-lesioned internal mammary arteries obtained from coronary artery bypass procedures. Moreover, in human AAA tissue, MYH11 (VSMC marker) was depleted in areas of reduced COL4 as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, circulating COL4A1 degradation fragments correlated with AAA progression in the largest Danish AAA cohort, suggesting COL4A1/A2 proteolysis to be an important feature of AAA formation. In sum, we identify COL4A1/A2 as a critical regulator of VSMC phenotype and a protective factor in AAA formation.
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69
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Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of myosin Family Genes in Sebastes schlegelii. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060808. [PMID: 34070681 PMCID: PMC8228858 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are important eukaryotic motor proteins that bind actin and utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform a broad range of functions such as muscle contraction, cell migration, cytokinesis, and intracellular trafficking. However, the characterization and function of myosin is poorly studied in teleost fish. In this study, we identified 60 myosin family genes in a marine teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), and further characterized their expression patterns. myosin showed divergent expression patterns in adult tissues, indicating they are involved in different types and compositions of muscle fibers. Among 12 subfamilies, S. schlegelii myo2 subfamily was significantly expanded, which was driven by tandem duplication events. The up-regulation of five representative genes of myo2 in the skeletal muscle during fast-growth stages of juvenile and adult S. schlegelii revealed their active role in skeletal muscle fiber synthesis. Moreover, the expression regulation of myosin during the process of myoblast differentiation in vitro suggested that they contribute to skeletal muscle growth by involvement of both myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, our work characterized myosin genes systemically and demonstrated their diverse functions in a marine teleost species. This lays foundation for the further studies of muscle growth regulation and molecular mechanisms of indeterminate skeletal muscle growth of large teleost fishes.
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70
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Wu Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yang R. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of congenital heart diseases. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2021; 4:e000196. [DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with birth defects, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The classification of CHD is still elusive owing to the complex pathogenesis of CHD. Advances in molecular medicine have revealed the genetic basis of some heart anomalies. Genes associated with CHD might be modulated by various epigenetic factors. Thus, the genetic and epigenetic factors are gradually accepted as important triggers in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, few literatures have comprehensively elaborated the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of CHD. This review focuses on the etiology of CHD from genetics and epigenetics to discuss the role of these factors in the development of CHD. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic in the pathogenesis of CHD are also elaborated. Chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations in genetics, and DNA methylations, histone modifications and on-coding RNAs in epigenetics are summarized in detail. We hope the summative knowledge of these etiologies may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD so that morbidity and mortality of children with CHD can be reduced in the near future.
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71
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Zheng T, Ellinghaus D, Juzenas S, Cossais F, Burmeister G, Mayr G, Jørgensen IF, Teder-Laving M, Skogholt AH, Chen S, Strege PR, Ito G, Banasik K, Becker T, Bokelmann F, Brunak S, Buch S, Clausnitzer H, Datz C, Degenhardt F, Doniec M, Erikstrup C, Esko T, Forster M, Frey N, Fritsche LG, Gabrielsen ME, Gräßle T, Gsur A, Gross J, Hampe J, Hendricks A, Hinz S, Hveem K, Jongen J, Junker R, Karlsen TH, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Kruis W, Kupcinskas J, Laubert T, Rosenstiel PC, Röcken C, Laudes M, Leendertz FH, Lieb W, Limperger V, Margetis N, Mätz-Rensing K, Németh CG, Ness-Jensen E, Nowak-Göttl U, Pandit A, Pedersen OB, Peleikis HG, Peuker K, Rodriguez CL, Rühlemann MC, Schniewind B, Schulzky M, Skieceviciene J, Tepel J, Thomas L, Uellendahl-Werth F, Ullum H, Vogel I, Volzke H, von Fersen L, von Schönfels W, Vanderwerff B, Wilking J, Wittig M, Zeissig S, Zobel M, Zawistowski M, Vacic V, Sazonova O, Noblin ES, Farrugia G, Beyder A, Wedel T, Kahlke V, Schafmayer C, D'Amato M, Franke A. Genome-wide analysis of 944 133 individuals provides insights into the etiology of haemorrhoidal disease. Gut 2021; 70:gutjnl-2020-323868. [PMID: 33888516 PMCID: PMC8292596 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Haemorrhoidal disease (HEM) affects a large and silently suffering fraction of the population but its aetiology, including suspected genetic predisposition, is poorly understood. We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis to identify genetic risk factors for HEM to date. DESIGN We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of 218 920 patients with HEM and 725 213 controls of European ancestry. Using GWAS summary statistics, we performed multiple genetic correlation analyses between HEM and other traits as well as calculated HEM polygenic risk scores (PRS) and evaluated their translational potential in independent datasets. Using functional annotation of GWAS results, we identified HEM candidate genes, which differential expression and coexpression in HEM tissues were evaluated employing RNA-seq analyses. The localisation of expressed proteins at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrate modest heritability and genetic correlation of HEM with several other diseases from the GI, neuroaffective and cardiovascular domains. HEM PRS validated in 180 435 individuals from independent datasets allowed the identification of those at risk and correlated with younger age of onset and recurrent surgery. We identified 102 independent HEM risk loci harbouring genes whose expression is enriched in blood vessels and GI tissues, and in pathways associated with smooth muscles, epithelial and endothelial development and morphogenesis. Network transcriptomic analyses highlighted HEM gene coexpression modules that are relevant to the development and integrity of the musculoskeletal and epidermal systems, and the organisation of the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION HEM has a genetic component that predisposes to smooth muscle, epithelial and connective tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghao Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simonas Juzenas
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Science Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - François Cossais
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Greta Burmeister
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mayr
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabella Friis Jørgensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sisi Chen
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter R Strege
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Go Ito
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General-, Visceral- Transplant-, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Clausnitzer
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marek Doniec
- Medical office for Colo-Proctology Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Gräßle
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Justus Gross
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Hendricks
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hinz
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johannes Jongen
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Georg Hemmrich-Stanisak
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kruis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tilman Laubert
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip C Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel Campus, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Verena Limperger
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primatology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Georg Németh
- Department of General-, Visceral- Transplant-, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Frankfurt Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ulrike Nowak-Göttl
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hans Günter Peleikis
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kenneth Peuker
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Leal Rodriguez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Schulzky
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jürgen Tepel
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Laurent Thomas
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilka Vogel
- Department of Surgery, Community Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henry Volzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Witigo von Schönfels
- Department of General-, Visceral- Transplant-, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brett Vanderwerff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia Wilking
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Myrko Zobel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helios Hospital Weißeritztal, Freital, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thilo Wedel
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Volker Kahlke
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel Campus, Kiel, Germany
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Creamer TJ, Bramel EE, MacFarlane EG. Insights on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm through the Study of Hereditary Aortopathies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 33514025 PMCID: PMC7912671 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are permanent and localized dilations of the aorta that predispose patients to a life-threatening risk of aortic dissection or rupture. The identification of pathogenic variants that cause hereditary forms of TAA has delineated fundamental molecular processes required to maintain aortic homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) elaborate and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment. Causal variants for hereditary forms of aneurysm compromise the function of gene products involved in the transmission or interpretation of these signals, initiating processes that eventually lead to degeneration and mechanical failure of the vessel. These include mutations that interfere with transduction of stimuli from the matrix to the actin-myosin cytoskeleton through integrins, and those that impair signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In this review, we summarize the features of the healthy aortic wall, the major pathways involved in the modulation of VSMC phenotypes, and the basic molecular functions impaired by TAA-associated mutations. We also discuss how the heterogeneity and balance of adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial genetic insult might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Wu S, Li H, Wang L, Mak N, Wu X, Ge R, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor Proteins and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:131-159. [PMID: 34453735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the intermediate filament- and septin-based cytoskeletons which are apolar structures, the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons are polarized structures in mammalian cells and tissues including the testis, most notable in Sertoli cells. In the testis, these cytoskeletons that stretch across the epithelium of seminiferous tubules and lay perpendicular to the basement membrane of tunica propria serve as tracks for corresponding motor proteins to support cellular cargo transport. These cargoes include residual bodies, phagosomes, endocytic vesicles and most notably developing spermatocytes and haploid spermatids which lack the ultrastructures of motile cells (e.g., lamellipodia, filopodia). As such, these developing germ cells require the corresponding motor proteins to facilitate their transport across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Due to the polarized natures of these cytoskeletons with distinctive plus (+) and minus (-) end, directional cargo transport can take place based on the use of corresponding actin- or MT-based motor proteins. These include the MT-based minus (-) end directed motor proteins: dyneins, and the plus (+) end directed motor proteins: kinesins, as well as the actin-based motor proteins: myosins, many of which are plus (+) end directed but a few are also minus (-) end directed motor proteins. Recent studies have shown that these motor proteins are essential to support spermatogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize and evaluate these recent findings so that this information will serve as a helpful guide for future studies and for planning functional experiments to better understand their role mechanistically in supporting spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathan Mak
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Depuydt MA, Prange KH, Slenders L, Örd T, Elbersen D, Boltjes A, de Jager SC, Asselbergs FW, de Borst GJ, Aavik E, Lönnberg T, Lutgens E, Glass CK, den Ruijter HM, Kaikkonen MU, Bot I, Slütter B, van der Laan SW, Yla-Herttuala S, Mokry M, Kuiper J, de Winther MP, Pasterkamp G. Microanatomy of the Human Atherosclerotic Plaque by Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Circ Res 2020; 127:1437-1455. [PMID: 32981416 PMCID: PMC7641189 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerotic lesions are known for their cellular heterogeneity, yet the molecular complexity within the cells of human plaques has not been fully assessed. OBJECTIVE Using single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility, we gained a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying human atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed single-cell RNA and single-cell ATAC sequencing on human carotid atherosclerotic plaques to define the cells at play and determine their transcriptomic and epigenomic characteristics. We identified 14 distinct cell populations including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mast cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and T cells and identified multiple cellular activation states and suggested cellular interconversions. Within the endothelial cell population, we defined subsets with angiogenic capacity plus clear signs of endothelial to mesenchymal transition. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed activation-based subclasses, each with a gradual decline from a cytotoxic to a more quiescent phenotype. Myeloid cells included 2 populations of proinflammatory macrophages showing IL (interleukin) 1B or TNF (tumor necrosis factor) expression as well as a foam cell-like population expressing TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) and displaying a fibrosis-promoting phenotype. ATACseq data identified specific transcription factors associated with the myeloid subpopulation and T cell cytokine profiles underlying mutual activation between both cell types. Finally, cardiovascular disease susceptibility genes identified using public genome-wide association studies data were particularly enriched in lesional macrophages, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a transcriptome-based cellular landscape of human atherosclerotic plaques and highlights cellular plasticity and intercellular communication at the site of disease. This detailed definition of cell communities at play in atherosclerosis will facilitate cell-based mapping of novel interventional targets with direct functional relevance for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A.C. Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Koen H.M. Prange
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers–Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Danny Elbersen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology (D.E., S.C.A.d.J), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Boltjes
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Saskia C.A. de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology (D.E., S.C.A.d.J), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Vascular Surgery (G.J.d.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Einari Aavik
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland (T.L.)
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Cell and Molecular Medicine (C.K.G.), University of California San Diego, CA
- School of Medicine (C.K.G.), University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Cardiology (H.M.d.R., M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.O., E.A., M.U.K., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
- Cardiology (H.M.d.R., M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., I.B., B.S., J.K.)
| | - Menno P.J. de Winther
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers–Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (E.L., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., A.B., F.W.A., S.W.v.d.L., M.M., G.P.)
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Davaapil H, Shetty DK, Sinha S. Aortic "Disease-in-a-Dish": Mechanistic Insights and Drug Development Using iPSC-Based Disease Modeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:550504. [PMID: 33195187 PMCID: PMC7655792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.550504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic diseases, whether sporadic or due to a genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome, lack effective medical therapies, with limited translation of treatments that are highly successful in mouse models into the clinic. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to establish new human models of aortic diseases. Here we review the power and potential of these systems to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying disease and discuss recent advances, such as gene editing, and smooth muscle cell embryonic lineage. In particular, we discuss the practical aspects of vascular smooth muscle cell derivation and characterization, and provide our personal insights into the challenges and limitations of this approach. Future applications, such as genotype-phenotype association, drug screening, and precision medicine are discussed. We propose that iPSC-derived aortic disease models could guide future clinical trials via “clinical-trials-in-a-dish”, thus paving the way for new and improved therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongorzul Davaapil
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deeti K Shetty
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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99-Case Study of Sporadic Aortic Dissection by Whole Exome Sequencing Indicated Novel Disease-Associated Genes and Variants in Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7857043. [PMID: 33083483 PMCID: PMC7556049 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7857043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In this study, the whole exome sequencing in human aortic dissection, a highly lethal cardiovascular disease, was investigated to explore the aortic dissection-associated genes and variants in Chinese population. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed in 99 cases of aortic dissection. All single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (InDels), and copy number variations (CNVs) were filtered to exclude the benign variants. Enrichment analysis and disease-gene correlation analysis were performed. Results 3425873 SNPs, 685245 InDels, and 1177 CNVs were identified, and aortic dissection-associated SNPs, InDels, and CNVs were collected. After the disease correlation analysis, 20 candidate genes were identified. Part of these genes such as MYH11, FBN1, and ACTA2 were consistent with previous studies, while MLX, DAB2IP, EP300, ZFYVE9, PML, and PRKCD were newly identified as candidate aortic dissection-associated genes. Conclusion The pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in most of AD-associated genes (FBN1, MYH11, EFEMP2, TGFBR2, FBN2, COL3A1, and MYLK) were identified in our cohort study, and pathogenic CNVs involved in MYH11, COL family, and FBN were also identified which are not detectable by other NGS analysis. The correlation between MLX, DAB2IP, EP300, ZFYVE9, PML, PRKCD, and aortic dissection was identified, and EP300 may play a key role in AD.
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Hui AS, Chau MHK, Chan YM, Cao Y, Kwan AH, Zhu X, Kwok YK, Chen Z, Lao TT, Choy KW, Leung TY. The role of chromosomal microarray analysis among fetuses with normal karyotype and single system anomaly or nonspecific sonographic findings. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 100:235-243. [PMID: 32981064 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromosomal microarray analysis is recommended as the first-tier test for the evaluation of fetuses with structural anomalies. This study aims to investigate the incremental diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray over conventional karyotyping analysis in fetuses with anomalies restricted to one anatomic system and those with nonspecific anomalies detected by sonography. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 749 fetuses undergoing prenatal diagnosis for abnormal ultrasound findings isolated to one anatomic system and normal karyotype, utilizing chromosomal microarray. Overall, 495 (66%) fetuses had anomalies confined to one anatomic system and 254 (34%) had other nonspecific anomalies including increased nuchal translucency (≥3.5 mm), cystic hygroma, intrauterine growth restriction and hydrops fetalis. RESULTS Fetuses with ultrasound anomalies restricted to one anatomic system had a 3.0% risk of carrying a pathogenic copy number variant; the risk varied dependent on the anatomic system affected. Fetuses with confined anomalies of the cardiac system had the highest diagnostic yield at 4.6%, but there were none in the urogenital system. Fetuses with nonspecific ultrasound anomalies had the highest diagnostic yield in fetuses with an intrauterine growth restriction at 5.9%. Overall, fetuses with a nonspecific ultrasound anomaly were affected with pathogenic copy number variants in 1.6% in the cases. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray in fetuses with normal karyotype and ultrasound abnormality confined to a single anatomic system was highest if it involved cardiac defects or intrauterine growth restriction. This diagnostic yield ranges from 0% to 4.6% depending on the anatomic system involved. Chromosomal microarray has considerable diagnostic value in these pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Sy Hui
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew Hoi Kin Chau
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education (Shenzhen Base), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiu Man Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Adept Medical Center, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education (Shenzhen Base), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Angel Hw Kwan
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education (Shenzhen Base), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yvonne K Kwok
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education (Shenzhen Base), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Terence T Lao
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education (Shenzhen Base), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Yeung Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education (Shenzhen Base), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shao X, Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang R, Zhu R, Feng R. Integrated analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression profiles reveals differential transcriptome signature in ischaemic and dilated cardiomyopathy induced heart failure. Epigenetics 2020; 16:917-932. [PMID: 33016206 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1827721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling is widely accepted as a common characteristic for many heart diseases, especially in heart failure (HF). Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are associated with cardiac remodelling. Both mRNA and microRNA are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of cardiac remodelling in HF. However, the mechanisms of microRNA-mRNA joint regulation in HF are still unclear. In this study, 3 gene expression profiles from patients with and without HF were analysed to harvest shared differentially expressed genes (microRNA and mRNA) with significant major biological function. Moreover, key genes highly related to ICM and DCM-induced HF were screened out through a Weighted Genes Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Based on microRNA-mRNA analysis, several microRNAs and target genes were identified. Combined with pathway analysis, we found that miR-542-3p and its target gene CILP were likely involved in the regulation of TGF-β signalling pathway in ICM induced HF. Collectively, the microRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis revealed that miR-542-3p-CILP as mediator of TGF-β signalling pathway might be a new mechanism to mediate ICM induced HF. This study provides certain novel targets for diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of ICM- and DCM-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Customs, Technical Center for Safety of Industrial Products, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rongli Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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79
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Abstract
Aortic aneurysms were the primary cause of nearly 10,000 deaths in 2014 according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and may involve segments of the thoracic or abdominal aorta. Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections are more commonly associated with an underlying genetic etiology. In the past several decades, in parallel with the burst of new genome sequencing technologies, a number of genetic aortopathies have been identified. These have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms of aneurysmal disease, but pose challenges in clinical practice as there are limited consensus recommendations at this time. In this review, we aim to address the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment considerations in the key heritable thoracic aortopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bhandari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rajani D Aatre
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Medicine, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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80
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Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
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81
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Billon C, Molin A, Poirsier C, Clemenson A, Dauge C, Grelet M, Sigaudy S, Patrier S, Goldenberg A, Layet V, Tantau J, Fleury C, Liard A, Diguet A, Fritih R, Verspyck E, Rendu J, Boutaud L, Tessier A, Thomas S, Razavi F, Achaiaa A, Elkhartoufi N, Hakkakian L, Magnin E, Bôle-Feysot C, Masson C, Ville Y, Roth P, Prieur F, Bessieres B, Bonniere M, Attie-Bitach T. Fetal megacystis-microcolon: Genetic mutational spectrum and identification of PDCL3 as a novel candidate gene. Clin Genet 2020; 98:261-273. [PMID: 32621347 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal-hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a severe congenital visceral myopathy characterized by an abdominal distension due to a large non-obstructed urinary bladder, a microcolon and intestinal hypo- or aperistalsis. Most of the patients described to date carry a sporadic heterozygous variant in ACTG2. More recently, recessive forms have been reported and mutations in MYH11, LMOD1, MYLK and MYL9 have been described at the molecular level. In the present report, we describe five patients carrying a recurrent heterozygous variant in ACTG2. Exome sequencing performed in four families allowed us to identify the genetic cause in three. In two families, we identified variants in MMIHS causal genes, respectively a nonsense homozygous variant in MYH11 and a previously described homozygous deletion in MYL9. Finally, we identified compound heterozygous variants in a novel candidate gene, PDCL3, c.[143_144del];[380G>A], p.[(Tyr48Ter)];[(Cys127Tyr)]. After cDNA analysis, a complete absence of PDLC3 expression was observed in affected individuals, indicating that both mutated transcripts were unstable and prone to mediated mRNA decay. PDCL3 encodes a protein involved in the folding of actin, a key step in thin filament formation. Presumably, loss-of-function of this protein affects the contractility of smooth muscle tissues, making PDCL3 an excellent candidate gene for autosomal recessive forms of MMIHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Billon
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Molin
- Département de Génétique, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | - Alix Clemenson
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytotologie Pathologique, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Coralie Dauge
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Maude Grelet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Patrier
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Ch. Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- centre de référence anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs, CHU de Rouen, Centre Normand de Génomique et de Médecine Personnalisée, France
| | - Valérie Layet
- Consultations de génétique, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Le Havre, France
| | - Julia Tantau
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Fleury
- Department of Pathology, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Agnès Liard
- Département de chirurgie infantile, Chu de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Alain Diguet
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, pavillon Jacques-Delarue, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Radia Fritih
- Pathology Department, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Verspyck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - John Rendu
- Unité Médicale de Génétique Moléculaire, Inserm U1216, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucile Boutaud
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aude Tessier
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thomas
- INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ferechté Razavi
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Amale Achaiaa
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Leila Hakkakian
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eglantine Magnin
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Masson
- Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Yves Ville
- Service d'Obstétrique, Maternité, Chirurgie, Médecine et Imagerie Fœtales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Centre - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Roth
- Service d'Obstétrique, Maternité, Chirurgie, Médecine et Imagerie Fœtales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Centre - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Prieur
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Nord CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Bettina Bessieres
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Bonniere
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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82
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Lin BD, Colas F, Nijman IJ, Medic J, Brands W, Parr JR, van Eijk KR, Klauck SM, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag CM, Maestrini E, Bacchelli E, Coon H, Vicente A, Oliveira G, Pagnamenta AT, Gallagher L, Ennis S, Anney R, Bourgeron T, Luykx JJ, Vorstman J. The role of rare compound heterozygous events in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:204. [PMID: 32572023 PMCID: PMC7308334 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic variants underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may contribute to a better understanding of their underlying biology. To examine the possible role of a specific type of compound heterozygosity in ASD, namely, the occurrence of a deletion together with a functional nucleotide variant on the remaining allele, we sequenced 550 genes in 149 individuals with ASD and their deletion-transmitting parents. This approach allowed us to identify additional sequence variants occurring in the remaining allele of the deletion. Our main goal was to compare the rate of sequence variants in remaining alleles of deleted regions between probands and the deletion-transmitting parents. We also examined the predicted functional effect of the identified variants using Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion (CADD) scores. The single nucleotide variant-deletion co-occurrence was observed in 13.4% of probands, compared with 8.1% of parents. The cumulative burden of sequence variants (n = 68) in pooled proband sequences was higher than the burden in pooled sequences from the deletion-transmitting parents (n = 41, X2 = 6.69, p = 0.0097). After filtering for those variants predicted to be most deleterious, we observed 21 of such variants in probands versus 8 in their deletion-transmitting parents (X2 = 5.82, p = 0.016). Finally, cumulative CADD scores conferred by these variants were significantly higher in probands than in deletion-transmitting parents (burden test, β = 0.13; p = 1.0 × 10-5). Our findings suggest that the compound heterozygosity described in the current study may be one of several mechanisms explaining variable penetrance of CNVs with known pathogenicity for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Colas
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isaac J Nijman
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Medic
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William Brands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy R Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis and Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Astrid Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Ennis
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Anney
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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83
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Examination of Molecular Effects of MYLK Deletion in a Patient with Extensive Aortic, Carotid, and Abdominal Dissections That Underlie the Genetic Dysfunction. Case Rep Med 2020; 2020:5108052. [PMID: 32655646 PMCID: PMC7327611 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the phenotype of a patient with extensive aortic, carotid, and abdominal dissections. The proband was found to have a heterozygous deletion of exons 21-34 in MYLK, which is a rare finding, as deletions in this gene have been infrequently reported. We describe this finding following detection in a proband with an extensive history of aortic, carotid, and abdominal dissections. Neoteric molecular modeling techniques to help determine the impact of this deletion on protein function indicated loss of function due to lack of any kinase domain. We also provide the electrostatics calculations from the wild type and mutant variant. Through a combined multiomic approach of clinical, functional, and protein informatics, we arrive at a data fusion for determination of pathogenicity embedded within the genetic code for this particular genetic variant, which, as a platform, continues to broaden its scope across the field of variants of uncertain significance classification.
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84
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He X, Song J, Cai Z, Chi X, Wang Z, Yang D, Xie S, Zhou J, Fu Y, Li W, Kong W, Zhan J, Zhang H. Kindlin-2 deficiency induces fatal intestinal obstruction in mice. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6182-6200. [PMID: 32483447 PMCID: PMC7255029 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Smooth muscle-motility disorders are mainly characterized by impaired contractility and functional intestinal obstruction. Some of these cases are caused by genetic mutations of smooth muscle genes ACTA2, ACTG2, MYH11, MYLK and LMOD1. Still the etiology is complex and multifactorial and the underlying pathology is poorly understood. Integrin interaction protein Kindlin-2 is widely expressed in striated and smooth muscle cells (SMC). However, the function of Kindlin-2 in the smooth muscle remains elusive. Methods: We generated two mouse models using different cre promoter transgenic mice, Kindlin-2fl/fl SM22α-cre+ (cKO mice) and Kindlin-2fl/fl; MYH-cre+ (iKO mice). Embryos and adult tissues were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay. We investigated ultrastructure changes of mouse smooth muscle using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and measured smooth muscle contractile force in mounting aortic and intestinal rings using the multiwire myograph system (DMT 620M). In addition, cell traction force microscopy (CTFM) was applied to observe the functional change of primary SMC after Kindlin-2 depletion by RNAi. Results: Depletion of Kindlin-2 encoding gene Fermt2 in embryonic smooth muscles leads to apoptosis, downregulates the key components of SMC, impairs smooth muscle development, and finally causes embryonic death at E14.5. Tamoxifen-induced Kindlin-2-specific knockout in adult mouse smooth muscle showed decreased blood pressure, intestinal hypoperistalsis, and eventually died of intestinal obstruction. Kindlin-2 depletion also leads to downregulated Myh11, α-SMA, and CNN, shortened myofilament, broken myofibrils, and impaired contractility of the smooth muscles in iKO mice. Mechanistically, loss of Kindlin-2 decreases Ca2+ influx in primary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) by downregulating the expression of calcium-binding protein S100A14 and STIM1. Conclusion: We demonstrated that Kindlin-2 is essential for maintaining the normal structure and function of smooth muscles. Loss of Kindlin-2 impairs smooth muscle formation during embryonic development by inducing apoptosis and jeopardizes the contraction of adult smooth muscle by blocking Ca2+ influx that leads to intestinal obstruction. Mice with Kindlin-2 depletion in adult smooth muscle could be a potent animal model of intestinal obstruction for disease research, drug treatment and prognosis.
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85
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Cebull HL, Rayz VL, Goergen CJ. Recent Advances in Biomechanical Characterization of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:75. [PMID: 32478096 PMCID: PMC7235347 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a focal enlargement of the thoracic aorta, but the etiology of this disease is not fully understood. Previous work suggests that various genetic syndromes, congenital defects such as bicuspid aortic valve, hypertension, and age are associated with TAA formation. Though occurrence of TAAs is rare, they can be life-threatening when dissection or rupture occurs. Prevention of these adverse events often requires surgical intervention through full aortic root replacement or implantation of endovascular stent grafts. Currently, aneurysm diameters and expansion rates are used to determine if intervention is warranted. Unfortunately, this approach oversimplifies the complex aortopathy. Improving treatment of TAAs will likely require an increased understanding of the biological and biomechanical factors contributing to the disease. Past studies have substantially contributed to our knowledge of TAAs using various ex vivo, in vivo, and computational methods to biomechanically characterize the thoracic aorta. However, any singular approach typically focuses on only material properties of the aortic wall, intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics, or in vivo vessel dynamics, neglecting combinatorial factors that influence aneurysm development and progression. In this review, we briefly summarize the current understanding of TAA causes, treatment, and progression, before discussing recent advances in biomechanical studies of TAAs and possible future directions. We identify the need for comprehensive approaches that combine multiple characterization methods to study the mechanisms contributing to focal weakening and rupture. We hope this summary and analysis will inspire future studies leading to improved prediction of thoracic aneurysm progression and rupture, improving patient diagnoses and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Cebull
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Vitaliy L Rayz
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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86
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Nie MJ, Pan XT, Tao HY, Xu MJ, Liu SL, Sun W, Wu J, Zou X. Clinical and prognostic significance of MYH11 in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3899-3906. [PMID: 32382337 PMCID: PMC7202280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11), encoded by the MYH11 gene, is a protein that participates in muscle contraction through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Although previous studies have demonstrated that MYH11 gene expression levels are downregulated in several types of cancer, its expression levels have rarely been investigated in lung cancer. The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of MYH11 expression levels in lung cancer and to further study the underlying molecular mechanisms of the function of this gene. The Oncomine database showed that the MYH11 expression levels were decreased in lung cancer compared with those noted in the normal lung tissue (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier plotter results revealed that the decreased MYH11 expression levels were correlated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Among the lung cancer cases with gene alteration of MYH11, mutation was the most common of all alteration types. Coexpedia and Metascape analyses revealed that the target genes were primarily enriched in ‘muscle contraction’, ‘contractile fiber part’, ‘actin cytoskeleton’ and the ‘adherens junction’. These results indicated that MYH11 is a potential novel drug target and prognostic indicator of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Nie
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Pan
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - He-Yun Tao
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jun Xu
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zou
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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87
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Liu HJ, Li HT, Lin Y, Lu DL, Yue Y, Xiong J, Li CQ, Xu XY, Feng YG. Identification of 2 Potential Core Genes for Influence of Gut Probiotics on Formation of Intracranial Aneurysms by Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920754. [PMID: 32141441 PMCID: PMC7077060 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is associated with high rates of mortality around the world. Use of intestinal probiotics can regulate the pathophysiology of aneurysms, but the details of the mechanism involved have been unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS The GEO2R analysis website was used to detect the DEGs between IAs, AAAs, samples after supplementation with probiotics, and normal samples. The online tool DAVID provides functional classification and annotation analyses of associated genes, including GO and KEGG pathway. PPI of these DEGs was analyzed based on the STRING database, followed by analysis using Cytoscape software. RESULTS We found 170 intersecting DEGs (contained in GSE75240 and more than 2 of the 4 aneurysms datasets), 5 intersecting DEGs (contained in all datasets) and 1 intersecting DEG (contained in GSE75240 and all IAs datasets). GO analysis results suggested that the DEGs primarily participate in signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response, response to drug, extracellular matrix organization, cell-cell signaling, and inflammatory response in the BP terms, and the KEGG pathways are mainly enriched in focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, amoebiasis, chemokine signaling pathway, proteoglycans, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in cancer pathways. Through PPI network analysis, we confirmed 2 candidates for further study: CAV1 and MYH11. These downregulated DEGs are associated with the formation of aneurysms, and the change of these DEGs is the opposite in probiotics-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that MYH11 and CAV1 are potential target genes for prevention of aneurysms. Further experiments are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Jian Liu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Huan-Ting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Lin
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Lin Lu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Yue
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Xiong
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Cong-Qin Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang-Yu Xu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Gong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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88
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Shen YH, LeMaire SA, Webb NR, Cassis LA, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections Series. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e37-e46. [PMID: 32101472 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aortic wall is composed of highly dynamic cell populations and extracellular matrix. In response to changes in the biomechanical environment, aortic cells and extracellular matrix modulate their structure and functions to increase aortic wall strength and meet the hemodynamic demand. Compromise in the structural and functional integrity of aortic components leads to aortic degeneration, biomechanical failure, and the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections (AAD). A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AAD will facilitate the development of effective medications to treat these conditions. Here, we summarize recent findings on AAD published in ATVB. In this issue, we focus on the dynamics of aortic cells and extracellular matrix in AAD; in the next issue, we will focus on the role of signaling pathways in AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.H.S., S.A.L.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.H.S., S.A.L.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Nancy R Webb
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W., L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W., L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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89
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Larson A, Rinaldo L, Brinjikji W, Klaas J, Lanzino G. Intracranial Vessel Stenosis in a Young Patient with an MYH11 Mutation: A Case Report and Review of 2 Prior Cases. World Neurosurg 2020; 137:243-246. [PMID: 32081817 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MYH11 gene codes for smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, which has a critical function in maintaining vascular wall stability. Patients with this mutation most commonly have aortic and cardiac defects. Documented involvement of intracranial vessels is exceptional. CASE DESCRIPTION A 29-year-old woman with a history of patent ductus arteriosus and aortic dissection was found to have incidental bilateral stenosis of the terminal internal carotid arteries as well as the proximal anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries on magnetic resonance angiography that was obtained for unrelated symptoms. There was no evidence of basal collateral formation, and a generalized straightening of the vessels was observed. These angiographic findings have been typically observed in patients with ACTA2 mutations. Thus, genetic testing was pursued, which uncovered the presence of an MYH11 mutation. Follow-up imaging at 51 months demonstrated that the intracranial stenosis remained stable without evidence of basal collateral formation. She did not experience any neurologic events during the follow-up interval. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial vessel involvement in patients with MYH11 mutations is rare. Vigilant cerebrovascular monitoring should be practiced in this population to guide appropriate management. Reporting of similar cases is important to improve understanding of the development of idiopathic intracranial stenosis in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Larson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James Klaas
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lanzino
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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90
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Chou EL, Lindsay ME. The genetics of aortopathies: Hereditary thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:136-148. [PMID: 32034893 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aortopathies encompass a variety of inherited and acquired pathologies that increase risk of life-threatening dissection or rupture. Identifying individuals with hereditary thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (HTAAD) for longitudinal monitoring, medical therapy, or elective and preventative repair is paramount to reduce risk of cardiovascular-related mortality and complications from dissection and rupture. Over the past couple of decades, pathogenic variants in numerous genes have been identified in relation to HTAAD. The genetic diagnosis can help stratify patient risk and provide guidance on medical treatment, timing of prophylactic surgical repair, as well as longitudinal surveillance and imaging. Implicated genes and their associated proteins have been found to act on a diverse variety of pathways, cells and structural components linked to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways, disruption of the vascular smooth muscle cell contractile apparatus, and primary disruption of extracellular matrix homeostasis. This review describes relevant genetic variants that may help identify and guide the management of hereditary thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Chou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Pediatric Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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91
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Gilbert MA, Schultz-Rogers L, Rajagopalan R, Grochowski CM, Wilkins BJ, Biswas S, Conlin LK, Fiorino KN, Dhamija R, Pack MA, Klee EW, Piccoli DA, Spinner NB. Protein-elongating mutations in MYH11 are implicated in a dominantly inherited smooth muscle dysmotility syndrome with severe esophageal, gastric, and intestinal disease. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:973-982. [PMID: 31944481 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility disorders include a spectrum of mild to severe clinical phenotypes that are caused by smooth muscle dysfunction. We investigated the genetic etiology of severe esophageal, gastric, and colonic dysmotility in two unrelated families with autosomal dominant disease presentation. Using exome sequencing, we identified a 2 base pair insertion at the end of the myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) gene in all affected members of Family 1 [NM_001040113:c.5819_5820insCA(p.Gln1941Asnfs*91)] and a 1 base pair deletion at the same genetic locus in Proband 2 [NM_001040113:c.5819del(p.Pro1940Hisfs*91)]. Both variants are predicted to result in a similarly elongated protein product. Heterozygous dominant negative MYH11 pathogenic variants have been associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection while biallelic null alleles have been associated with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. This report highlights heterozygous protein-elongating MYH11 variants affecting the SM2 isoforms of MYH11 as a cause for severe gastrointestinal dysmotility, and we hypothesize that the mechanistic pathogenesis of this disease, dominant hypercontractile loss-of-function, is distinct from those implicated in other diseases involving MYH11 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Gilbert
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Schultz-Rogers
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher M Grochowski
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin J Wilkins
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sawona Biswas
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura K Conlin
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristin N Fiorino
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Suzi and Scott Lustgarten Center for GI Motility, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Radhika Dhamija
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael A Pack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David A Piccoli
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Suzi and Scott Lustgarten Center for GI Motility, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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92
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Impact of ascending aorta replacement by graft on elastic properties of descending thoracic aorta evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 33:641-647. [PMID: 32006121 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of aortic root replacement by graft on the elastic properties of the descending thoracic aorta using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and automatic post-processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen patients were operated for an aortic root aneurysm. Cardiac MRI was performed before and after surgery to measure aortic compliance. Images were acquired on a 1.5 T MRI with a conventional aortic MRI protocol plus one additional kinetic sequence orientated perpendicularly to the aorta at the level of pulmonary trunk. The contours of the ascending and descending aortas were detected automatically for each phase with homemade software. RESULTS Mean time between surgical procedure and earliest post-operative MRI was 18.2 ± 7.1 months. There was no significant difference between the pre- and earliest post-operative mean descending aorta areas and no significant modification in descending aortic compliance after aortic root replacement (1.43 ± 0.84 vs 1.37 ± 0.58 mm2/mmHg, p = 0.47). Pre- and post-operative systolic and diastolic blood pressure were similar. There was a significant decrease in ascending aortic compliance after surgery (2.52 ± 1.24 vs 0.91 ± 0.52 mm2/mmHg; p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION The aortic root replacement by graft was not associated with changes in elastic properties of the descending aorta at short term. CLINICAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03817008.
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93
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Ostberg NP, Zafar MA, Ziganshin BA, Elefteriades JA. The Genetics of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection: A Clinical Perspective. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E182. [PMID: 31991693 PMCID: PMC7072177 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) affects many patients globally and has high mortality rates if undetected. Once thought to be solely a degenerative disease that afflicted the aorta due to high pressure and biomechanical stress, extensive investigation of the heritability and natural history of TAAD has shown a clear genetic basis for the disease. Here, we review both the cellular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of syndromic and non-syndromic TAAD. We particularly focus on genes that have been linked to dissection at diameters <5.0 cm, the current lower bound for surgical intervention. Genetic screening tests to identify patients with TAAD associated mutations that place them at high risk for dissection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai P. Ostberg
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Mohammad A. Zafar
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - John A. Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.P.O.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
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94
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Sathananthan G, Rychel V, Yam J, Barlow A, Grewal J, Kiess M. A Postpartum Type A Dissection. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:150-153. [PMID: 34316984 PMCID: PMC8301702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2019.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 28-year-old woman with familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection syndrome and a mildly dilated aorta presented 3 days postpartum with a type A aortic dissection. This case illustrates the unpredictability of this disease and the challenges with risk stratification of women with underlying aortopathy contemplating pregnancy. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnalini Sathananthan
- Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Gnalini Sathananthan, Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Valerie Rychel
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yam
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda Barlow
- Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jasmine Grewal
- Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marla Kiess
- Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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95
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Abstract
Congenital ductus arteriosus aneurysms develop in the third trimester of fetal life, possibly due to abnormal intimal cushion formation or elastin expression in the ductal wall. It is often diagnosed in infants before 2 months of age. Most have a benign course and resolve spontaneously. However, life-threatening complications have been reported. We report a case of large ductal aneurysm diagnosed incidentally in a neonate, in whom there was a novel mutation in the smooth muscle myosin protein gene-MYH11.
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96
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Abstract
Dissections or ruptures of aortic aneurysms remain a leading cause of death in the developed world, with the majority of deaths being preventable if individuals at risk are identified and properly managed. Genetic variants predispose individuals to these aortic diseases. In the case of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissections (thoracic aortic disease), genetic data can be used to identify some at-risk individuals and dictate management of the associated vascular disease. For abdominal aortic aneurysms, genetic associations have been identified, which provide insight on the molecular pathogenesis but cannot be used clinically yet to identify individuals at risk for abdominal aortic aneurysms. This compendium will discuss our current understanding of the genetic basis of thoracic aortic disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. Although both diseases share several pathogenic similarities, including proteolytic elastic tissue degeneration and smooth muscle dysfunction, they also have several distinct differences, including population prevalence and modes of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Pinard
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.P., D.M.M.)
| | - Gregory T Jones
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand (G.T.J.)
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (A.P., D.M.M.)
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97
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Wang W, Liu Q, Wang Y, Piao H, Li B, Zhu Z, Li D, Wang T, Xu R, Liu K. Verification of hub genes in the expression profile of aortic dissection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224922. [PMID: 31751374 PMCID: PMC6872142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the mRNA expression profile and explore the hub mRNAs and potential molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of human thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). Methodology mRNA microarray expression signatures of TAD tissues (n = 6) and non-TAD tissues (NT; n = 6) were analyzed by an Arraystar human mRNA microarray. Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the results of the mRNA microarray. Bioinformatic tools, including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, were utilized. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed based on data from the STRING database. Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) and cytoHubba analyses were used to predict the strongest hub gene and pathway. Results The top 10 hub genes were CDK1, CDC20, CCNB2, CCNB1, MAD2L1, AURKA, C3AR1, NCAPG, CXCL12 and ASPM, which were identified from the PPI network. Module analysis revealed that TAD was associated with the cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, the p53 signaling pathway, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of all hub genes was significantly increased in TAD samples (p < 0.05). Immunostaining of Ki-67 and CDK1 showed a high proliferation state and high expression in TAD, respectively. Conclusions CDK1 could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hulin Piao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tiance Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rihao Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail:
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98
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Savory K, Manivannan S, Zaben M, Uzun O, Syed YA. Impact of copy number variation on human neurocognitive deficits and congenital heart defects: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:83-93. [PMID: 31682886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variant (CNV) syndromes are often associated with both neurocognitive deficits (NCDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Children and adults with cardiac developmental defects likely to have NCDs leading to increased risk of hospitalisation and reduced level of independence. To date, the association between these two phenotypes have not been explored in relation to CNV syndromes. In order to address this question, we systematically reviewed the prevalence of CHDs in a range of CNV syndromes associated with NCDs. A meta-analysis showed a relationship with the size of CNV and its association with both NCDs and CHDs, and also inheritance pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first review to establish association between NCD and CHDs in CNV patients, specifically in relation to the severity of NCD. Importantly, we also found specific types of CHDs were associated with severe neurocognitive deficits. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for patients in the clinical setting which warrants further exploration of this association in order to lead an improvement in the quality of patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Savory
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK; School of Bioscience, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Susruta Manivannan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malik Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Orhan Uzun
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK; School of Bioscience, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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99
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Abstract
Mutations in extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cell contractile proteins predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms in Marfan syndrome (MFS) and related disorders. These genetic alterations lead to a compromised extracellular matrix-smooth muscle cell contractile unit. The abnormal aortic tissue responds with defective mechanosensing under hemodynamic stress. Aberrant mechanosensing is associated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) hyperactivity, enhanced angiotensin-II (Ang-II) signaling, and perturbation of other cellular signaling pathways. The downstream consequences include enhanced proteolytic activity, expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the aortic wall, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, and medial degeneration. Mouse models highlight aortic inflammation as a contributing factor in the development of aortic aneurysms. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antioxidants can reduce aortic oxidative stress that prevents aggravation of aortic disease in MFS mice. Targeting TGF-β and Ang-II downstream signaling pathways such as ERK1/2, mTOR, PI3/Akt, P38/MAPK, and Rho kinase signaling attenuates disease pathogenesis. Aortic extracellular matrix degradation and medial degeneration were reduced upon inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, but the latter lack specificity. Treating inflammation associated with aortic aneurysms in MFS and related disorders could prove to be beneficial in limiting disease pathogenesis.
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100
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Nogi M, Satoh K, Sunamura S, Kikuchi N, Satoh T, Kurosawa R, Omura J, Elias-Al-Mamun M, Abdul Hai Siddique M, Numano K, Kudo S, Miyata S, Akiyama M, Kumagai K, Kawamoto S, Saiki Y, Shimokawa H. Small GTP-Binding Protein GDP Dissociation Stimulator Prevents Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation and Rupture by Phenotypic Preservation of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Circulation 2019; 138:2413-2433. [PMID: 29921611 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.035648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and dissection are fatal diseases that cause aortic rupture and sudden death. The small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator (SmgGDS) is a crucial mediator of the pleiotropic effects of statins. Previous studies revealed that reduced force generation in aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) causes TAA and thoracic aortic dissection. METHODS To examine the role of SmgGDS in TAA formation, we used an angiotensin II (1000 ng·min-1·kg-1, 4 weeks)-induced TAA model. RESULTS We found that 33% of Apoe-/- SmgGDS+/- mice died suddenly as a result of TAA rupture, whereas there was no TAA rupture in Apoe-/- control mice. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the ratio of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture between the 2 genotypes. We performed ultrasound imaging every week to follow up the serial changes in aortic diameters. The diameter of the ascending aorta progressively increased in Apoe-/- SmgGDS+/- mice compared with Apoe-/- mice, whereas that of the abdominal aorta remained comparable between the 2 genotypes. Histological analysis of Apoe-/- SmgGDS+/- mice showed dissections of major thoracic aorta in the early phase of angiotensin II infusion (day 3 to 5) and more severe elastin degradation compared with Apoe-/- mice. Mechanistically, Apoe-/- SmgGDS+/- mice showed significantly higher levels of oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases, and inflammatory cell migration in the ascending aorta compared with Apoe-/- mice. For mechanistic analyses, we primary cultured AoSMCs from the 2 genotypes. After angiotensin II (100 nmol/L) treatment for 24 hours, Apoe-/- SmgGDS+/- AoSMCs showed significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and oxidative stress levels compared with Apoe-/- AoSMCs. In addition, SmgGDS deficiency increased cytokines/chemokines and growth factors in AoSMCs. Moreover, expressions of fibrillin-1 ( FBN1), α-smooth muscle actin ( ACTA2), myosin-11 ( MYH11), MYLLK, and PRKG1, which are force generation genes, were significantly reduced in Apoe-/- SmgGDS+/- AoSMCs compared with Apoe-/- AoSMCs. A similar tendency was noted in AoSMCs from patients with TAA compared with those from control subjects. Finally, local delivery of the SmgGDS gene construct reversed the dilation of the ascending aorta in Apoe-/- SmgGDS+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SmgGDS is a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nogi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kimio Satoh
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sunamura
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kikuchi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taijyu Satoh
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Omura
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md Elias-Al-Mamun
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mohammad Abdul Hai Siddique
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Numano
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Kudo
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Akiyama
- Cardiovascular Surgery (M.A., K.K., S. Kawamoto, Y.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Kumagai
- Cardiovascular Surgery (M.A., K.K., S. Kawamoto, Y.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kawamoto
- Cardiovascular Surgery (M.A., K.K., S. Kawamoto, Y.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Cardiovascular Surgery (M.A., K.K., S. Kawamoto, Y.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., K.S., S.S., N.K., T.S., R.K., J.O., M.E.-A.-M., M.A.H.S., K.N., S. Kudo, S.M., H.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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