51
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Omatsu Y. Cellular niches for hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow under normal and malignant conditions. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:15. [PMID: 36805714 PMCID: PMC9942337 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout adult life, most lineages of blood cells, including immune cells, are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. HSCs are thought to require special microenvironments, termed niches, for their maintenance in the bone marrow; however, the identity of the HSC cellular niche has been a subject of long-standing debate. Although diverse candidates have been proposed so far, accumulated studies demonstrate that the bone marrow-specific population of fibroblastic reticular cells with long processes, termed CXC chemokine ligand 12-abundant reticular cells (which overlap strongly with leptin receptor-expressing cells), termed CAR/LepR+ cells, are the pivotal cellular component of niches for HSCs and lymphoid progenitors. Sinusoidal endothelial cells (ECs) are also important for hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration. Hematopoiesis is altered dynamically by various stimuli such as inflammation, infection, and leukemia, all of which affect cellular niches and alter their function. Therefore, it is important to consider situations in which stimuli affect HSCs, either via direct interaction or indirectly via the hematopoietic niches. In this review, the dynamics of cellular niches in the steady state and disease are described, with a focus on CAR/LepR+ cells and ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Omatsu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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52
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Lecomte S, Devreux J, de Streel G, van Baren N, Havelange V, Schröder D, Vaherto N, Vanhaver C, Vanderaa C, Dupuis N, Pecquet C, Coulie PG, Constantinescu SN, Lucas S. Therapeutic activity of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in murine primary myelofibrosis. Blood 2023; 141:490-502. [PMID: 36322928 PMCID: PMC10651781 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid cells, notably megakaryocytes (MKs), and an aberrant cytokine production leading to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and insufficiency. Current treatment options are limited. TGF-β1, a profibrotic and immunosuppressive cytokine, is involved in PMF pathogenesis. While all cell types secrete inactive, latent TGF-β1, only a few activate the cytokine via cell type-specific mechanisms. The cellular source of the active TGF-β1 implicated in PMF is not known. Transmembrane protein GARP binds and activates latent TGF-β1 on the surface of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and MKs or platelets. Here, we found an increased expression of GARP in the BM and spleen of mice with PMF and tested the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing cells. GARP:TGF-β1 blockade reduced not only fibrosis but also the clonal expansion of transformed cells. Using mice carrying a genetic deletion of Garp in either Tregs or MKs, we found that the therapeutic effects of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in PMF imply targeting GARP on Tregs. These therapeutic effects, accompanied by increased IFN-γ signals in the spleen, were lost upon CD8 T-cell depletion. Our results suggest that the selective blockade of TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing Tregs increases a CD8 T-cell-mediated immune reaction that limits transformed cell expansion, providing a novel approach that could be tested to treat patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lecomte
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Devreux
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas van Baren
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Violaine Havelange
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Schröder
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noora Vaherto
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Noémie Dupuis
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Pecquet
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre G. Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Lucas
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
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53
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Gao A, Zhang L, Zhong D. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: literature review. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 36695938 PMCID: PMC9877263 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common condition that frequently results in reduced chemotherapy dosages, postponed treatment, bleeding, and unfavorable oncological outcomes. At present, there is no clear suggestions for preventing or treating CIT. Thrombopoietin (TPO) replacement therapy has been invented and used to treat CIT to promote the production of megakaryocytes and stimulate the formation of platelets. However, this treatment is limited to the risk of immunogenicity and cancer progression. Therefore, an unmet need exists for exploring alternatives to TPO to address the clinical issue of CIT. Application of appropriate therapeutic drugs may be due to understanding the potential mechanisms of CIT. Studies have shown that chemotherapy significantly affects various cells in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, reduces their ability to support normal hematopoiesis, and may lead to BM damage, including CIT in cancer patients. This review focuses on the epidemiology and treatment of cancer patients with CIT. We also introduce some recent progress to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy inhibiting normal hematopoiesis and causing thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
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54
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Aru B, Pehlivanoğlu C, Dal Z, Dereli-Çalışkan NN, Gürlü E, Yanıkkaya-Demirel G. A potential area of use for immune checkpoint inhibitors: Targeting bone marrow microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108200. [PMID: 36742324 PMCID: PMC9895857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from the cells of myeloid lineage and is the most frequent leukemia type in adulthood accounting for about 80% of all cases. The most common treatment strategy for the treatment of AML includes chemotherapy, in rare cases radiotherapy and stem cell and bone marrow transplantation are considered. Immune checkpoint proteins involve in the negative regulation of immune cells, leading to an escape from immune surveillance, in turn, causing failure of tumor cell elimination. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target the negative regulation of the immune cells and support the immune system in terms of anti-tumor immunity. Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) bears various blood cell lineages and the interactions between these lineages and the noncellular components of BMM are considered important for AML development and progression. Administration of ICIs for the AML treatment may be a promising option by regulating BMM. In this review, we summarize the current treatment options in AML treatment and discuss the possible application of ICIs in AML treatment from the perspective of the regulation of BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Aru
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemil Pehlivanoğlu
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Dal
- School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Ege Gürlü
- School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gülderen Yanıkkaya-Demirel
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye,*Correspondence: Gülderen Yanıkkaya-Demirel,
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55
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Lineage tracking to reveal the fate of hematopoietic stem cells influenced by Flk2 - multipotent progenitors after transplantation. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:205-214. [PMID: 36639717 PMCID: PMC9898540 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
After transplantation, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood cell regeneration throughout the patient's life. Recent studies suggest that several types of mature blood cells provide feedback signals to regulate HSC fate. However, the potential feedback effect of hematopoietic progenitor cells has not been characterized to date. The present investigation demonstrated that multipotent progenitors (MPPs) promoted T cell production of HSCs when both cell types were cotransplanted in mice. Using genetic barcodes to track individual HSCs in mice, we found that the increased T cell production by HSCs was associated with the combined effects of altered lineage bias and clonal expansion during HSC differentiation. We showed that MPP and HSC co-transplantation promoted the multilineage differentiation of HSCs in the short term while preserving lymphoid-specialized HSC differentiation in the long term. Our findings indicate that MPPs derived from HSCs regulate the fate of HSCs after bone marrow transplantation.
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56
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Pinho S, Zhao M. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Bone Marrow Niches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:17-28. [PMID: 38228956 PMCID: PMC10881178 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained in the bone marrow microenvironment, also known as the niche, that regulates their proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. In this chapter, we will introduce the history of HSC niche research and review the interdependencies between HSCs and their niches. We will further highlight recent advances in our understanding of HSC heterogeneity with regard to HSC subpopulations and their interacting cellular and molecular bone marrow niche constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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57
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Perry JM. Immune System Influence on Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:125-135. [PMID: 38228962 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the source for all blood cells, including immune cells, and they interact dynamically with the immune system. This chapter will explore the nature of stem cells, particularly HSCs, in the context of their immune microenvironment. The dynamic interactions between stem cells and the immune system can have profound implications for current and future therapies, particularly regarding a potential "immune-privileged" HSC microenvironment. Immune/stem cell interactions change during times of stress and injury. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have overturned the long-standing belief that, being derived from the self, cancer cells should be immunotolerant. Instead, an immunosurveillance system recognizes and eliminates emergent pre-cancerous cells. Only in the context of a failing immunosurveillance system does cancer fully develop. Combined with the knowledge that stem cells or their unique properties can be critically important for cancer initiation, persistence, and resistance to therapy, understanding the unique immune properties of stem cells will be critical for the development of future cancer therapies. Accordingly, the therapeutic implications for leukemic stem cells (LSCs) inheriting an immune-privileged state from HSCs will be discussed. Through their dynamic interactions with a diverse immune system, stem cells serve as the light and dark root of cancer prevention vs. development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Perry
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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58
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Wang C, Nistala R, Cao M, Li DP, Pan Y, Golzy M, Cui Y, Liu Z, Kang X. Repair of Limb Ischemia Is Dependent on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Specific-SHP-1 Regulation of TGF-β1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:92-108. [PMID: 36412197 PMCID: PMC10037747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy has shown promise for tissue regeneration after ischemia. Therefore, there is a need to understand mechanisms underlying endogenous HSCs activation in response to ischemic stress and coordination of angiogenesis and repair. SHP-1 plays important roles in HSC quiescence and differentiation by regulation of TGF-β1 signaling. TGF-β1 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating stem cells to secrete growth factors to initiate the formation of blood vessels and later aid in their maturation. We propose that SHP-1 responds to ischemia stress in HSC and progenitor cells (HSPC) via regulation of TGF-β1. METHODS A mouse hind limb ischemia model was used. Local blood perfusion in the limbs was determined using laser doppler perfusion imaging. The number of positive blood vessels per square millimeter, as well as blood vessel diameter (μm) and area (μm2), were calculated. Hematopoietic cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. The bone marrow transplantation assay was performed to measure HSC reconstitution. RESULTS After femoral artery ligation, TGF-β1 was initially decreased in the bone marrow by day 3 of ischemia, followed by an increase on day 7. This pattern was opposite to that in the peripheral blood, which is concordant with the response of HSC to ischemic stress. In contrast, SHP-1 deficiency in HSC is associated with irreversible activation of HSPCs in the bone marrow and increased circulating HSPCs in peripheral blood following limb ischemia. In addition, there was augmented auto-induction of TGF-β1 and sustained inactivation of SHP-1-Smad2 signaling, which impacted TGF-β1 expression in HSPCs in circulation. Importantly, restoration of normal T GF-β1 oscillations helped in the recovery of limb repair and function. CONCLUSIONS HSPC-SHP-1-mediated regulation of TGF-β1 in both bone marrow and peripheral blood is required for a normal response to ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Nephrology (R.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Min Cao
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - De-Pei Li
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Yi Pan
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Mojgan Golzy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine - Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.G.)
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., Z.L.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., Z.L.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - XunLei Kang
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
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59
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Chen Z, Ju Z, Sun Y. Aging, Causes, and Rejuvenation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:201-210. [PMID: 38228966 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo an age-related functional decline, which leads to a disruption of the blood system and contributes to the development of aging-associated hematopoietic diseases and malignancies. In this section, we provide a summary of the key hallmarks associated with HSC aging. We also examine the causal factors that contribute to HSC aging and emphasize potential approaches to mitigate HSC aging and age-related hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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60
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Tie Y, Tang F, Peng D, Zhang Y, Shi H. TGF-beta signal transduction: biology, function and therapy for diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:45. [PMID: 36534225 PMCID: PMC9761655 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a crucial cytokine that get increasing concern in recent years to treat human diseases. This signal controls multiple cellular responses during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through canonical and/or noncanonical signaling pathways. Dysregulated TGF-β signal plays an essential role in contributing to fibrosis via promoting the extracellular matrix deposition, and tumor progression via inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, and neovascularization at the advanced stage of cancer. Besides, the dysregulation of TGF-beta signal also involves in other human diseases including anemia, inflammatory disease, wound healing and cardiovascular disease et al. Therefore, this signal is proposed to be a promising therapeutic target in these diseases. Recently, multiple strategies targeting TGF-β signals including neutralizing antibodies, ligand traps, small-molecule receptor kinase inhibitors targeting ligand-receptor signaling pathways, antisense oligonucleotides to disrupt the production of TGF-β at the transcriptional level, and vaccine are under evaluation of safety and efficacy for the forementioned diseases in clinical trials. Here, in this review, we firstly summarized the biology and function of TGF-β in physiological and pathological conditions, elaborated TGF-β associated signal transduction. And then, we analyzed the current advances in preclinical studies and clinical strategies targeting TGF-β signal transduction to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Fan Tang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Huashan Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
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61
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Quo Vadis? Immunodynamics of Myeloid Cells after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415814. [PMID: 36555456 PMCID: PMC9779515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a major contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality, is caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart. Affected heart tissue becomes ischemic due to deficiency of blood perfusion and oxygen delivery. In case sufficient blood flow cannot be timely restored, cardiac injury with necrosis occurs. The ischemic/necrotic area induces a systemic inflammatory response and hundreds of thousands of leukocytes are recruited from the blood to the injured heart. The blood pool of leukocytes is rapidly depleted and urgent re-supply of these cells is needed. Myeloid cells are generated in the bone marrow (BM) and spleen, released into the blood, travel to sites of need, extravasate and accumulate inside tissues to accomplish various functions. In this review we focus on the "leukocyte supply chain" and will separately evaluate different myeloid cell compartments (BM, spleen, blood, heart) in steady state and after MI. Moreover, we highlight the local and systemic kinetics of extracellular factors, chemokines and danger signals involved in the regulation of production/generation, release, transportation, uptake, and activation of myeloid cells during the inflammatory phase of MI.
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62
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Sánchez‐Lanzas R, Kalampalika F, Ganuza M. Diversity in the bone marrow niche: Classic and novel strategies to uncover niche composition. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:647-664. [PMID: 35837798 PMCID: PMC9796334 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our view on the role and composition of the bone marrow (BM) has dramatically changed over time from a simple nutrient for the bone to a highly complex multicellular tissue that sustains haematopoiesis. Among these cells, multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are predominantly quiescent, possess unique self-renewal capacity and multilineage differentiation potential and replenish all blood lineages to maintain lifelong haematopoiesis. Adult HSCs reside in specialised BM niches, which support their functions. Much effort has been put into deciphering HSC niches due to their potential clinical relevance. Multiple cell types have been implicated as HSC-niche components including sinusoidal endothelium, perivascular stromal cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, osteoblasts and sympathetic nerves. In this review we provide a historical perspective on how technical advances, from genetic mouse models to imaging and high-throughput sequencing techniques, are unveiling the plethora of molecular cues and cellular components that shape the niche and regulate HSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sánchez‐Lanzas
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Foteini Kalampalika
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Miguel Ganuza
- Centre for Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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63
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Migliaccio AR, Balduini A, Zhan H. Editorial: Megakaryocytes as regulators of tumor microenvironments. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1090658. [PMID: 36505825 PMCID: PMC9732936 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1090658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Center for Integrated Biomedical Research, Campus Bio-medico, Rome, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
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64
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Huang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Wen F, Liu S, Oudeng G. Recent advances in engineering hydrogels for niche biomimicking and hematopoietic stem cell culturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1049965. [PMID: 36507253 PMCID: PMC9730123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1049965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide a life-long supply of haemopoietic cells and are indispensable for clinical transplantation in the treatment of malignant hematological diseases. Clinical applications require vast quantities of HSCs with maintained stemness characteristics. Meeting this demand poses often insurmountable challenges for traditional culture methods. Creating a supportive artificial microenvironment for the culture of HSCs, which allows the expansion of the cells while maintaining their stemness, is becoming a new solution for the provision of these rare multipotent HSCs. Hydrogels with good biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilicity, tunable biochemical and biophysical properties have been applied in mimicking the hematopoietic niche for the efficient expansion of HSCs. This review focuses on recent progress in the use of hydrogels in this specialized application. Advanced biomimetic strategies use for the creation of an artificial haemopoietic niche are discussed, advances in combined use of hydrogel matrices and microfluidics, including the emerging organ-on-a-chip technology, are summarized. We also provide a brief description of novel stimulus-responsive hydrogels that are used to establish an intelligent dynamic cell microenvironment. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of engineering hydrogels for HSC biomedicine are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochan Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianci Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Feiqiu Wen, ; Sixi Liu, ; Gerile Oudeng,
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Feiqiu Wen, ; Sixi Liu, ; Gerile Oudeng,
| | - Gerile Oudeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Feiqiu Wen, ; Sixi Liu, ; Gerile Oudeng,
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65
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Kouroukli O, Symeonidis A, Foukas P, Maragkou MK, Kourea EP. Bone Marrow Immune Microenvironment in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225656. [PMID: 36428749 PMCID: PMC9688609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The BM, the major hematopoietic organ in humans, consists of a pleiomorphic environment of cellular, extracellular, and bioactive compounds with continuous and complex interactions between them, leading to the formation of mature blood cells found in the peripheral circulation. Systemic and local inflammation in the BM elicit stress hematopoiesis and drive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of their quiescent state, as part of a protective pathophysiologic process. However, sustained chronic inflammation impairs HSC function, favors mutagenesis, and predisposes the development of hematologic malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Apart from intrinsic cellular mechanisms, various extrinsic factors of the BM immune microenvironment (IME) emerge as potential determinants of disease initiation and evolution. In MDS, the IME is reprogrammed, initially to prevent the development, but ultimately to support and provide a survival advantage to the dysplastic clone. Specific cellular elements, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are recruited to support and enhance clonal expansion. The immune-mediated inhibition of normal hematopoiesis contributes to peripheral cytopenias of MDS patients, while immunosuppression in late-stage MDS enables immune evasion and disease progression towards acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we aim to elucidate the role of the mediators of immune response in the initial pathogenesis of MDS and the evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kouroukli
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26332 Patras, Greece
| | - Periklis Foukas
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto-Kalliopi Maragkou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni P. Kourea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-969191
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66
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Hérault L, Poplineau M, Duprez E, Remy É. A novel Boolean network inference strategy to model early hematopoiesis aging. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:21-33. [PMID: 36514338 PMCID: PMC9719905 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging is a multifactorial event leading to changes in HSC properties and functions, which are intrinsically coordinated and affect the early hematopoiesis. To better understand the mechanisms and factors controlling these changes, we developed an original strategy to construct a Boolean model of HSC differentiation. Based on our previous scRNA-seq data, we exhaustively characterized active transcription modules or regulons along the differentiation trajectory and constructed an influence graph between 15 selected components involved in the dynamics of the process. Then we defined dynamical constraints between observed cellular states along the trajectory and using answer set programming with in silico perturbation analysis, we obtained a Boolean model explaining the early priming of HSCs. Finally, perturbations of the model based on age-related changes revealed important deregulations, such as the overactivation of Egr1 and Junb or the loss of Cebpa activation by Gata2. These new regulatory mechanisms were found to be relevant for the myeloid bias of aged HSC and explain the decreased transcriptional priming of HSCs to all mature cell types except megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Hérault
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille I2M, France,Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Mathilde Poplineau
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Duprez
- Epigenetic Factors in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis Team, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Élisabeth Remy
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille I2M, France,Corresponding author.
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67
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Urao N, Liu J, Takahashi K, Ganesh G. Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Wound Healing Response. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:598-621. [PMID: 34353116 PMCID: PMC9419985 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Emerging evidence has shown a link between the status of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and wound healing responses. Thus, better understanding HSCs will contribute to further advances in wound healing research. Recent Advances: Myeloid cells such as neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages are critical players in the process of wound healing. HSCs actively respond to wound injury and other tissue insults, including infection and produce the effector myeloid cells, and a failing of the HSC response can result in impaired wound healing. Technological advances such as transcriptome at single-cell resolution, epigenetics, three-dimensional imaging, transgenic animals, and animal models, have provided novel concepts of myeloid generation (myelopoiesis) from HSCs, and have revealed cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms that can impact HSC functions in the context of health conditions. Critical Issues: The newer concepts include-the programmed cellular fate at a differentiation stage that is used to be considered as the multilineage, the signaling pathways that can activate HSCs directly and indirectly, the mechanisms that can deteriorate HSCs, the roles and remodeling of the surrounding environment for HSCs and their progenitors (the niche). Future Directions: The researches on HSCs, which produce blood cells, should contribute to the development of blood biomarkers predicting a risk of chronic wounds, which may transform clinical practice of wound care with precision medicine for patients at high risk of poor healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Urao
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Correspondence: Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Room 5322, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gayathri Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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68
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Dysregulated transforming growth factor-beta mediates early bone marrow dysfunction in diabetes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1145. [DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes affects select organs such as the eyes, kidney, heart, and brain. Our recent studies show that diabetes also enhances adipogenesis in the bone marrow and reduces the number of marrow-resident vascular regenerative stem cells. In the current study, we have performed a detailed spatio-temporal examination to identify the early changes that are induced by diabetes in the bone marrow. Here we show that short-term diabetes causes structural and molecular changes in the marrow, including enhanced adipogenesis in tibiae of mice, prior to stem cell depletion. This enhanced adipogenesis was associated with suppressed transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) signaling. Using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells, we show that TGFB pathway suppresses adipogenic differentiation through TGFB-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). These findings may inform the development of novel therapeutic targets for patients with diabetes to restore regenerative stem cell function.
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69
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Liu Y, Zuo X, Chen P, Hu X, Sheng Z, Liu A, Liu Q, Leng S, Zhang X, Li X, Wang L, Feng Q, Li C, Hou M, Chu C, Ma S, Wang S, Peng J. Deciphering transcriptome alterations in bone marrow hematopoiesis at single-cell resolution in immune thrombocytopenia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:347. [PMID: 36202780 PMCID: PMC9537316 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, in which megakaryocyte dysfunction caused by an autoimmune reaction can lead to thrombocytopenia, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome profiling of bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to determine defects in megakaryopoiesis in ITP. Gene expression, cell-cell interactions, and transcriptional regulatory networks varied in HSPCs of ITP, particularly in immune cell progenitors. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis indicated that there was an impaired megakaryopoiesis of ITP. Flow cytometry confirmed that the number of CD9+ and HES1+ cells from Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs decreased in ITP. Liquid culture assays demonstrated that CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs tended to differentiate into megakaryocytes; however, this tendency was not observed in ITP patients and more erythrocytes were produced. The percentage of megakaryocytes differentiated from CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs was 3-fold higher than that of the CD9− counterparts from healthy controls (HCs), whereas, in ITP patients, the percentage decreased to only 1/4th of that in the HCs and was comparable to that from the CD9− HSPCs. Additionally, when co-cultured with pre-B cells from ITP patients, the differentiation of CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs toward the megakaryopoietic lineage was impaired. Further analysis revealed that megakaryocytic progenitors (MkP) can be divided into seven subclusters with different gene expression patterns and functions. The ITP-associated DEGs were MkP subtype-specific, with most DEGs concentrated in the subcluster possessing dual functions of immunomodulation and platelet generation. This study comprehensively dissects defective hematopoiesis and provides novel insights regarding the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xinyi Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zi Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Anli Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shaoqiu Leng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chong Chu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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70
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Meteorin links the bone marrow hypoxic state to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111361. [PMID: 36130501 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are supported and regulated by niche cells in the bone marrow with an important characterization of physiological hypoxia. However, how hypoxia regulates HSPCs is still unclear. Here, we find that meteorin (Metrn) from hypoxic macrophages restrains HSPC mobilization. Hypoxia-induced factor 1α and Yin Yang 1 induce the high expression of Metrn in macrophages, and macrophage-specific Metrn knockout increases HSPC mobilization through modulating HSPC proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, Metrn interacts with its receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2b (Htr2b) to regulate the reactive oxygen species levels in HSPCs through targeting phospholipase C signaling. The reactive oxygen species levels are reduced in HSPCs of macrophage-specific Metrn knockout mice with activated phospholipase C signaling. Targeting the Metrn/Htr2b axis could therefore be a potential strategy to improve HSPC mobilization for stem cell-based therapy.
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71
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Eaton N, Boyd EK, Biswas R, Lee-Sundlov MM, Dlugi TA, Ramsey HE, Zheng S, Burns RT, Sola-Visner MC, Hoffmeister KM, Falet H. Endocytosis of the thrombopoietin receptor Mpl regulates megakaryocyte and erythroid maturation in mice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959806. [PMID: 36110936 PMCID: PMC9468709 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dnm2fl/fl Pf4-Cre (Dnm2Plt-/- ) mice lacking the endocytic GTPase dynamin 2 (DNM2) in platelets and megakaryocytes (MKs) develop hallmarks of myelofibrosis. At the cellular level, the tyrosine kinase JAK2 is constitutively active but decreased in expression in Dnm2Plt-/- platelets. Additionally, Dnm2Plt-/- platelets cannot endocytose the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor Mpl, leading to elevated circulating TPO levels. Here, we assessed whether the hyperproliferative phenotype of Dnm2Plt-/- mice was due to JAK2 constitutive activation or to elevated circulating TPO levels. In unstimulated Dnm2Plt-/- platelets, STAT3 and, to a lower extent, STAT5 were phosphorylated, but their phosphorylation was slowed and diminished upon TPO stimulation. We further crossed Dnm2Plt-/- mice in the Mpl-/- background to generate Mpl-/-Dnm2Plt-/- mice lacking Mpl ubiquitously and DNM2 in platelets and MKs. Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt-/- platelets had severely reduced JAK2 and STAT3 but normal STAT5 expression. Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt-/- mice had severely reduced bone marrow MK and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers. Additionally, Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt-/- mice had severe erythroblast (EB) maturation defects, decreased expression of hemoglobin and heme homeostasis genes and increased expression of ribosome biogenesis and protein translation genes in spleen EBs, and developed anemia with grossly elevated plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels, leading to early fatality by postnatal day 25. Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt+/+ mice had impaired EB development at three weeks of age, which normalized with adulthood. Together, the data shows that DNM2-dependent Mpl-mediated endocytosis in platelets and MKs is required for steady-state hematopoiesis and provides novel insights into a developmentally controlled role for Mpl in normal erythropoiesis, regulating hemoglobin and heme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Eaton
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Emily K. Boyd
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ratnashree Biswas
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melissa M. Lee-Sundlov
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Theresa A. Dlugi
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Haley E. Ramsey
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shikan Zheng
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robert T. Burns
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Martha C. Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karin M. Hoffmeister
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hervé Falet
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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72
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Fujino T, Asada S, Goyama S, Kitamura T. Mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:473. [PMID: 35941268 PMCID: PMC11072869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo progressive functional decline over time due to both internal and external stressors, leading to aging of the hematopoietic system. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging will be valuable in developing novel therapies for HSC rejuvenation and to prevent the onset of several age-associated diseases and hematological malignancies. This review considers the general causes of HSC aging that range from cell-intrinsic factors to cell-extrinsic factors. In particular, epigenetics and inflammation have been implicated in the linkage of HSC aging, clonality, and oncogenesis. The challenges in clarifying mechanisms of HSC aging have accelerated the development of therapeutic interventions to rejuvenate HSCs, the major goal of aging research; these details are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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73
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Miao R, Chun H, Feng X, Gomes AC, Choi J, Pereira JP. Competition between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells controls hematopoietic stem cell compartment size. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4611. [PMID: 35941168 PMCID: PMC9360400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular competition for limiting hematopoietic factors is a physiologically regulated but poorly understood process. Here, we studied this phenomenon by hampering hematopoietic progenitor access to Leptin receptor+ mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). We show that HSC numbers increase by 2-fold when multipotent and lineage-restricted progenitors fail to respond to CXCL12 produced by MSPCs and ECs. HSCs are qualitatively normal, and HSC expansion only occurs when early hematopoietic progenitors but not differentiated hematopoietic cells lack CXCR4. Furthermore, the MSPC and EC transcriptomic heterogeneity is stable, suggesting that it is impervious to major changes in hematopoietic progenitor interactions. Instead, HSC expansion correlates with increased availability of membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) on MSPCs and ECs presumably due to reduced consumption by cKit-expressing hematopoietic progenitors. These studies suggest that an intricate homeostatic balance between HSCs and proximal hematopoietic progenitors is regulated by cell competition for limited amounts of mSCF. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on a combination of paracrine signals produced by their niche, including SCF. Here the authors show that HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors compete for limited amounts of membrane-bound SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Harim Chun
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jungmin Choi
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
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74
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration is the remarkable process by which extremely rare, normally inactive cells of the bone marrow can replace an entire organ if called to do so by injury or harnessed by transplantation. HSC research is arguably the first quantitative single-cell science and the foundation of adult stem cell biology. Bone marrow transplant is the oldest and most refined technique of regenerative medicine. Here we review the intertwined history of the discovery of HSCs and bone marrow transplant, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HSC self-renewal, and the use of HSCs and their derivatives for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Biermann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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75
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Wang J, Xie J, Wang D, Han X, Chen M, Shi G, Jiang L, Zhao M. CXCR4 high megakaryocytes regulate host-defense immunity against bacterial pathogens. eLife 2022; 11:e78662. [PMID: 35904250 PMCID: PMC9374440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) continuously produce platelets to support hemostasis and form a niche for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance in the bone marrow. MKs are also involved in inflammatory responses; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Using single-cell sequencing, we identified a CXCR4 highly expressed MK subpopulation, which exhibited both MK-specific and immune characteristics. CXCR4high MKs interacted with myeloid cells to promote their migration and stimulate the bacterial phagocytosis of macrophages and neutrophils by producing TNFα and IL-6. CXCR4high MKs were also capable of phagocytosis, processing, and presenting antigens to activate T cells. Furthermore, CXCR4high MKs also egressed circulation and infiltrated into the spleen, liver, and lung upon bacterial infection. Ablation of MKs suppressed the innate immune response and T cell activation to impair the anti-bacterial effects in mice under the Listeria monocytogenes challenge. Using hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell lineage-tracing mouse lines, we show that CXCR4high MKs were generated from infection-induced emergency megakaryopoiesis in response to bacterial infection. Overall, we identify the CXCR4high MKs, which regulate host-defense immune response against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiayi Xie
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Daosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Xue Han
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Minqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Linjia Jiang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Zhao
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
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76
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Torres LS, Asada N, Weiss MJ, Trumpp A, Suda T, Scadden DT, Ito K. Recent advances in "sickle and niche" research - Tribute to Dr. Paul S Frenette. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1509-1535. [PMID: 35830837 PMCID: PMC9287685 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective, we review the two research topics that formed the basis of the outstanding career of Dr. Paul S. Frenette. In the first part, we focus on sickle cell disease (SCD). The defining feature of SCD is polymerization of the deoxygenated mutant hemoglobin, which leads to a vicious cycle of hemolysis and vaso-occlusion. We survey important discoveries in SCD pathophysiology that have led to recent advances in treatment of SCD. The second part focuses on the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, the complex microenvironment within the bone marrow that controls HSC function and homeostasis. We detail the cells that constitute this niche, and the factors that these cells use to exert control over hematopoiesis. Here, we trace the scientific paths of Dr. Frenette, highlight key aspects of his research, and identify his most important scientific contributions in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane S Torres
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Einstein Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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77
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Stone AP, Nikols E, Freire D, Machlus KR. The pathobiology of platelet and megakaryocyte extracellular vesicles: A (c)lot has changed. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1550-1558. [PMID: 35506218 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) were originally studied for their potential as regulators of coagulation, a function redundant with that of their parent cells. However, as the understanding of the diverse roles of platelets in hemostasis and disease has developed, so has the understanding of PEVs. In addition, the more recent revelation of constitutively released megakaryocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (MKEVs) in circulation provides an interesting counterpoint and avenue for investigation. In this review, we highlight the historical link of PEVs to thrombosis and hemostasis and provide critical updates. We also expand our discussion to encompass the roles that distinguish PEVs and MKEVs from their parent cells. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in disease pathology, both as biomarkers and as exacerbators, has been of great interest in recent years. We highlight some of the key roles that PEVs and MKEVs play in autoimmune blood cell disorders, liver pathology, and cardiovascular disease. We then look at the future of PEVs and MKEVs as candidates for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stone
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Nikols
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Freire
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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78
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Faisal M, Hassan M, Kumar A, Zubair M, Jamal M, Menghwar H, Saad M, Kloczkowski A. Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) and Hematopoietic Microenvironment: Molecular and Bioinformatic Studies of the Zebrafish Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7285. [PMID: 35806290 PMCID: PMC9266955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a specialized microenvironment in a peculiar anatomic location which regulates the maintenance of stem cells and controls its functions. Recent scientific progress in experimental technologies have enabled the specific detection of epigenetic factors responsible for the maintenance and quiescence of the hematopoietic niche, which has improved our knowledge of regulatory mechanisms. The aberrant role of RNA-binding proteins and their impact on the disruption of stem cell biology have been reported by a number of recent studies. Despite recent modernization in hematopoietic microenvironment research avenues, our comprehension of the signaling mechanisms and interactive pathways responsible for integration of the hematopoietic niche is still limited. In the past few decades, zebrafish usage with regards to exploratory studies of the hematopoietic niche has expanded our knowledge for deeper understanding of novel cellular interactions. This review provides an update on the functional roles of different genetic and epigenetic factors and molecular signaling events at different sections of the hematopoietic microenvironment. The explorations of different molecular approaches and interventions of latest web-based tools being used are also outlined. This will help us to get more mechanistic insights and develop therapeutic options for the malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Harish Menghwar
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Saad
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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79
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Arita K, Murakami J, Iwaki N, Hosono N, Tasaki T, Tsujikawa T, Okazawa H, Imi T, Nannya Y, Ogawa S, Nakao S. An eltrombopag-induced remission of bone-marrow aplasia accompanied by marked leukoerythroblastosis and splenomegaly. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:e75-e77. [PMID: 35765195 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Arita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Kotaro Arita, Department of Hematology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jun Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Iwaki
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Noriko Iwaki, Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hosono
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tasaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsujikawa
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Okazawa
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Imi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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80
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Zhan H, Kaushansky K. Megakaryocytes as the Regulator of the Hematopoietic Vascular Niche. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912060. [PMID: 35814384 PMCID: PMC9258777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are important components of the hematopoietic niche. Compared to the non-hematopoietic niche cells, MKs serving as part of the hematopoietic niche provides a mechanism for feedback regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in which HSC progeny (MKs) can modulate HSC adaptation to hematopoietic demands during both steady-state and stress hematopoiesis. MKs are often located adjacent to marrow sinusoids. Considering that most HSCs reside close to a marrow vascular sinusoid, as do MKs, the interactions between MKs and vascular endothelial cells are positioned to play important roles in modulating HSC function, and by extrapolation, might be dysregulated in various disease states. In this review, we discuss the interactions between MKs and the vascular niche in both normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Medical Service, Northport Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Huichun Zhan,
| | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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81
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Chen B, Mu C, Zhang Z, He X, Liu X. The Love-Hate Relationship Between TGF-β Signaling and the Immune System During Development and Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891268. [PMID: 35720407 PMCID: PMC9204485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since TGF-β was recognized as an essential secreted cytokine in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis a decade ago, our knowledge of the role of TGF-β in mammalian development and disease, particularly cancer, has constantly been updated. Mounting evidence has confirmed that TGF-β is the principal regulator of the immune system, as deprivation of TGF-β signaling completely abrogates adaptive immunity. However, enhancing TGF-β signaling constrains the immune response through multiple mechanisms, including boosting Treg cell differentiation and inducing CD8+ T-cell apoptosis in the disease context. The love-hate relationship between TGF-β signaling and the immune system makes it challenging to develop effective monotherapies targeting TGF-β, especially for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, recent work on combination therapies of TGF-β inhibition and immunotherapy have provide insights into the development of TGF-β-targeted therapies, with favorable outcomes in patients with advanced cancer. Hence, we summarize the entanglement between TGF-β and the immune system in the developmental and tumor contexts and recent progress on hijacking crucial TGF-β signaling pathways as an emerging area of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baode Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Mu
- Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), Zhejiang University (ZJU)-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), Zhejiang University (ZJU)-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelin He
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), Zhejiang University (ZJU)-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
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82
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Varricchio L, Hoffman R. Megakaryocytes Are Regulators of the Tumor Microenvironment and Malignant Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Myelofibrosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906698. [PMID: 35646681 PMCID: PMC9130548 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are multifunctional hematopoietic cells that produce platelets, serve as components of bone marrow (BM) niches that support the development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) and provide inflammatory signals. MKs can dynamically change their activities during homeostasis and following stress, thereby regulating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Myelofibrosis (MF) is a progressive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by hyperactivation of JAK/STAT signaling and MK hyperplasia, which is associated with an aberrant inflammatory signature. Since JAK1/2 inhibitor alone is incapable of depleting the malignant HSC clones or reversing BM fibrosis, the identification of mechanisms that cooperate with MF JAK/STAT signaling to promote disease progression might help in developing combination therapies to modify disease outcomes. Chronic inflammation and MK hyperplasia result in an abnormal release of TGFβ1, which plays a critical role in the pathobiology of MF by contributing to the development of BM fibrosis. Dysregulated TGFβ signaling can also alter the hematopoietic microenvironment supporting the predominance of MF-HSCs and enhance the quiescence of the reservoir of wild-type HSCs. Upregulation of TGFβ1 levels is a relatively late event in MF, while during the early pre-fibrotic stage of MF the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 heterocomplex promotes pro-inflammatory responses and sustains the progression of MF-HSCs. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of abnormal megakaryopoiesis, and the altered microenvironment in MF progression and the development of novel combined targeted therapies to disrupt the aberrant interplay between MKs, the BM microenvironment and malignant HSCs which would potentially limit the expansion of MF-HSC clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Varricchio
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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83
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Tilburg J, Becker IC, Italiano JE. Don't you forget about me(gakaryocytes). Blood 2022; 139:3245-3254. [PMID: 34582554 PMCID: PMC9164737 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets (small, anucleate cell fragments) derive from large precursor cells, megakaryocytes (MKs), that reside in the bone marrow. MKs emerge from hematopoietic stem cells in a complex differentiation process that involves cytoplasmic maturation, including the formation of the demarcation membrane system, and polyploidization. The main function of MKs is the generation of platelets, which predominantly occurs through the release of long, microtubule-rich proplatelets into vessel sinusoids. However, the idea of a 1-dimensional role of MKs as platelet precursors is currently being questioned because of advances in high-resolution microscopy and single-cell omics. On the one hand, recent findings suggest that proplatelet formation from bone marrow-derived MKs is not the only mechanism of platelet production, but that it may also occur through budding of the plasma membrane and in distant organs such as lung or liver. On the other hand, novel evidence suggests that MKs not only maintain physiological platelet levels but further contribute to bone marrow homeostasis through the release of extracellular vesicles or cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β1 or platelet factor 4. The notion of multitasking MKs was reinforced in recent studies by using single-cell RNA sequencing approaches on MKs derived from adult and fetal bone marrow and lungs, leading to the identification of different MK subsets that appeared to exhibit immunomodulatory or secretory roles. In the following article, novel insights into the mechanisms leading to proplatelet formation in vitro and in vivo will be reviewed and the hypothesis of MKs as immunoregulatory cells will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tilburg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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84
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Aprile A, Sighinolfi S, Raggi L, Ferrari G. Targeting the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche in β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050592. [PMID: 35631417 PMCID: PMC9146437 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, research on pathophysiology and therapeutic solutions for β-thalassemia (BThal) and sickle cell disease (SCD) has been mostly focused on the primary erythroid defect, thus neglecting the study of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The quality and engraftment of HSCs depend on the BM microenvironment, influencing the outcome of HSC transplantation (HSCT) both in allogeneic and in autologous gene therapy settings. In BThal and SCD, the consequences of severe anemia alter erythropoiesis and cause chronic stress in different organs, including the BM. Here, we discuss the recent findings that highlighted multiple alterations of the BM niche in BThal and SCD. We point out the importance of improving our understanding of HSC biology, the status of the BM niche, and their functional crosstalk in these disorders towards the novel concept of combined therapies by not only targeting the genetic defect, but also key players of the HSC–niche interaction in order to improve the clinical outcomes of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Aprile
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Silvia Sighinolfi
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Raggi
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.)
- University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (L.R.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (G.F.)
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85
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Granata V, Crisafulli L, Nastasi C, Ficara F, Sobacchi C. Bone Marrow Niches and Tumour Cells: Lights and Shadows of a Mutual Relationship. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884024. [PMID: 35603212 PMCID: PMC9121377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is the spatial structure within the intra-trabecular spaces of spongious bones and of the cavity of long bones where adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain their undifferentiated and cellular self-renewal state through the intervention of vascular and nervous networks, metabolic pathways, transcriptional and epigenetic regulators, and humoral signals. Within the niche, HSCs interact with various cell types such as osteoblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which maintain HSCs in a quiescent state or sustain their proliferation, differentiation, and trafficking, depending on body needs. In physiological conditions, the BM niche permits the daily production of all the blood and immune cells and their admittance/ingress/progression into the bloodstream. However, disruption of this delicate microenvironment promotes the initiation and progression of malignancies such as those included in the spectrum of myeloid neoplasms, also favouring resistance to pharmacological therapies. Alterations in the MSC population and in the crosstalk with HSCs owing to tumour-derived factors contribute to the formation of a malignant niche. On the other hand, cells of the BM microenvironment cooperate in creating a unique milieu favouring metastasization of distant tumours into the bone. In this framework, the pro-tumorigenic role of MSCs is well-documented, and few evidence suggest also an anti-tumorigenic effect. Here we will review recent advances regarding the BM niche composition and functionality in normal and in malignant conditions, as well as the therapeutic implications of the interplay between its diverse cellular components and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Granata
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Crisafulli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ficara
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Sobacchi,
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86
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Current insights into the bone marrow niche: From biology in vivo to bioengineering ex vivo. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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87
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Huang DY, Wang GM, Ke ZR, Zhou Y, Yang HH, Ma TL, Guan CX. Megakaryocytes in pulmonary diseases. Life Sci 2022; 301:120602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lee S, Wong H, Castiglione M, Murphy M, Kaushansky K, Zhan H. JAK2V617F Mutant Megakaryocytes Contribute to Hematopoietic Aging in a Murine Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Stem Cells 2022; 40:359-370. [PMID: 35260895 PMCID: PMC9199841 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) is an important component of the hematopoietic niche. Abnormal MK hyperplasia is a hallmark feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The JAK2V617F mutation is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Using a murine model of MPN in which the human JAK2V617F gene is expressed in the MK lineage, we show that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, manifesting as myeloid-skewed hematopoiesis with an expansion of CD41+ HSCs, a reduced engraftment and self-renewal capacity, and a reduced differentiation capacity. HSCs from 2-year-old mice with JAK2V617F-bearing MKs were more proliferative and less quiescent than HSCs from age-matched control mice. Examination of the marrow hematopoietic niche reveals that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs not only have decreased direct interactions with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during aging but also suppress the vascular niche function during aging. Unbiased RNA expression profiling reveals that HSC aging has a profound effect on MK transcriptomic profiles, while targeted cytokine array shows that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs can alter the hematopoietic niche through increased levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic factors. Therefore, as a hematopoietic niche cell, MKs represent an important connection between the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for HSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Lee
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Helen Wong
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glen Head, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
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89
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Foster BM, Shi L, Harris KS, Patel C, Surratt VE, Langsten KL, Kerr BA. Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Factor Regulates Prostate Cancer-Induced Shifts in Pre-Metastatic Niche Composition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855188. [PMID: 35515124 PMCID: PMC9063312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer, with 80% of advanced prostate cancer patients developing bone metastases. Before metastasis, bone remodeling occurs, stimulating pre-metastatic niche formation and bone turnover, and platelets govern this process. Stem cell factor (SCF, Kit Ligand) is increased in advanced prostate cancer patient platelet releasates. Further, SCF and its receptor, CD117/c-kit, correlate with metastatic prostate cancer severity. We hypothesized that bone-derived SCF plays an important role in prostate cancer tumor communication with the bone inducing pre-metastatic niche formation. We generated two cell-specific SCF knockout mouse models deleting SCF in either mature osteoblasts or megakaryocytes and platelets. Using two syngeneic androgen-insensitive murine prostate cancer cell lines, RM1 (Ras and Myc co-activation) and mPC3 (Pten and Trp53 deletion), we examined the role of bone marrow-derived SCF in primary tumor growth and bone microenvironment alterations. Platelet-derived SCF was required for mPC3, but not RM1, tumor growth, while osteoblast-derived SCF played no role in tumor size in either cell line. While exogenous SCF induced proangiogenic protein secretion by RM1 and mPC3 prostate cancer cells, no significant changes in tumor angiogenesis were measured by immunohistochemistry. Like our previous studies, tumor-induced bone formation occurred in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 neoplasms, demonstrated by bone histomorphometry. RM1 tumor-bearing osteoblast SCF knockout mice did not display tumor-induced bone formation. Bone stromal cell composition analysis by flow cytometry showed significant shifts in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and osteoblast cell percentages in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 tumors. There were no significant changes in the percentage of macrophages, osteoclasts, or osteocytes. Our study demonstrates that megakaryocyte/platelet-derived SCF regulates primary mPC3 tumor growth, while SCF originating from osteoblasts plays a role in bone marrow-derived progenitor cell composition and pre-metastatic niche formation. Further, we show that both the source of SCF and the genetic profile of prostate cancer determine the effects of SCF. Thus, targeting the SCF/CD117 signaling axis with tyrosine kinase inhibitors could affect primary prostate carcinomas or play a role in reducing bone metastasis dependent on the gene deletions or mutations driving the patients' prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M. Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Koran S. Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chirayu Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Victoria E. Surratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kendall L. Langsten
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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90
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Kandarakov O, Belyavsky A, Semenova E. Bone Marrow Niches of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084462. [PMID: 35457280 PMCID: PMC9032554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hematopoietic system is remarkably efficient in meeting an organism’s vital needs, yet is highly sensitive and exquisitely regulated. Much of the organismal control over hematopoiesis comes from the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by specific microenvironments called niches in bone marrow (BM), where HSCs reside. The experimental studies of the last two decades using the most sophisticated and advanced techniques have provided important data on the identity of the niche cells controlling HSCs functions and some mechanisms underlying niche-HSC interactions. In this review we discuss various aspects of organization and functioning of the HSC cell niche in bone marrow. In particular, we review the anatomy of BM niches, various cell types composing the niche, niches for more differentiated cells, metabolism of HSCs in relation to the niche, niche aging, leukemic transformation of the niche, and the current state of HSC niche modeling in vitro.
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91
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[Establishment of a platelet production model by bone marrow cavity transplantation of mouse primary megakaryocytes]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:272-278. [PMID: 35680624 PMCID: PMC9189482 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish an intramedullary transplantation model of primary megakaryocytes to evaluate the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Methods: Donor megakaryocytes from GFP-transgenic mice bone marrow were enriched by magnetic beads. The platelet-producing model was established by intramedullary injection to recipient mice that underwent half-lethal dose irradiation 1 week in advance. Donor-derived megakaryocytes and platelets were detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results: The proportion of megakaryocytes in the enriched sample for transplantation was 40 to 50 times higher than that in conventional bone marrow. After intramedullary transplantation, donor-derived megakaryocytes successfully implanted in the medullary cavity of the recipient and produce platelets, which showed similar expression of surface markers and morphology to recipient-derived platelets. Conclusion: We successfully established an in vivo platelet-producing model of primary megakaryocytes using magnetic-bead enrichment and intramedullary injection, which objectively reflects the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
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92
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Timmins MA, Ringshausen I. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Orchestrates Tumour and Bystander Cells in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1772. [PMID: 35406544 PMCID: PMC8996985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) is a critical regulator of normal haematopoiesis. Dysregulation of the TGFB pathway is associated with numerous haematological malignancies including myelofibrosis, acute myeloid leukaemia, and lymphoid disorders. TGFB has classically been seen as a negative regulator of proliferation in haematopoiesis whilst stimulating differentiation and apoptosis, as required to maintain homeostasis. Tumours frequently develop intrinsic resistant mechanisms to homeostatic TGFB signalling to antagonise its tumour-suppressive functions. Furthermore, elevated levels of TGFB enhance pathogenesis through modulation of the immune system and tumour microenvironment. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of TGFB signalling in B-cell malignancies with a focus on the tumour microenvironment. Malignant B-cells harbour subtype-specific alterations in TGFB signalling elements including downregulation of surface receptors, modulation of SMAD signalling proteins, as well as genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Microenvironmental TGFB generates a protumoural niche reprogramming stromal, natural killer (NK), and T-cells. Increasingly, evidence points to complex bi-directional cross-talk between cells of the microenvironment and malignant B-cells. A greater understanding of intercellular communication and the context-specific nature of TGFB signalling may provide further insight into disease pathogenesis and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Timmins
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK;
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Ingo Ringshausen
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK;
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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93
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Chen Z, Guo Q, Song G, Hou Y. Molecular regulation of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:218. [PMID: 35357574 PMCID: PMC11072845 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are primarily dormant in a cell-cycle quiescence state to preserve their self-renewal capacity and long-term maintenance, which is essential for the homeostasis of hematopoietic system. Dysregulation of quiescence causes HSC dysfunction and may result in aberrant hematopoiesis (e.g., myelodysplastic syndrome and bone marrow failure syndromes) and leukemia transformation. Accumulating evidence indicates that both intrinsic molecular networks and extrinsic signals regulate HSC quiescence, including cell-cycle regulators, transcription factors, epigenetic factors, and niche factors. Further, the transition between quiescence and activation of HSCs is a continuous developmental path driven by cell metabolism (e.g., protein synthesis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and autophagy). Elucidating the complex regulatory networks of HSC quiescence will expand the knowledge of HSC hemostasis and benefit for clinical HSC use. Here, we review the current understanding and progression on the molecular and metabolic regulation of HSC quiescence, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanisms of HSC quiescence maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yu Hou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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94
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Megakaryocyte/platelet-derived TGF-β1 inhibits megakaryopoiesis in bone marrow by regulating thrombopoietin production in liver. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3321-3328. [PMID: 35358295 PMCID: PMC9198906 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) regulates a wide variety of events in the adult bone marrow, including quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells, via an undefined mechanism. Because megakaryocyte/platelets are a rich source of TGF-β1, we assessed whether TGF-β1 might inhibit its own production by comparing mice with conditional inactivation of Tgfb1 in megakaryocytes (PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox) and control mice. PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice had ~30% more megakaryocytes in BM and ~15% more circulating platelets than control mice (p<0.001). Thrombopoietin (TPO) levels in plasma and TPO expression in liver were ~2-fold higher in PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox than in control mice (p<0.01), whereas the TPO expression in BM cells was similar between these mice. In BM cell culture, TPO treatment increased the number of megakaryocytes from WT-mice by ~3-fold, which increased a further ~2-fold in the presence of a TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody, and increased the number of megakaryocytes from PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice ~5-fold. Our data reveal a new role for TGF-β1 produced by megakaryocyte/platelets in regulating its own production in BM via increasing TPO production in the liver. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism.
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95
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Mann Z, Sengar M, Verma YK, Rajalingam R, Raghav PK. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Factors: Their Functional Role in Self-Renewal and Clinical Aspects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:664261. [PMID: 35399522 PMCID: PMC8987924 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.664261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess two important properties such as self-renewal and differentiation. These properties of HSCs are maintained through hematopoiesis. This process gives rise to two subpopulations, long-term and short-term HSCs, which have become a popular convention for treating various hematological disorders. The clinical application of HSCs is bone marrow transplant in patients with aplastic anemia, congenital neutropenia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or replacement of damaged bone marrow in case of chemotherapy. The self-renewal attribute of HSCs ensures long-term hematopoiesis post-transplantation. However, HSCs need to be infused in large numbers to reach their target site and meet the demands since they lose their self-renewal capacity after a few passages. Therefore, a more in-depth understanding of ex vivo HSCs expansion needs to be developed to delineate ways to enhance the self-renewability of isolated HSCs. The multifaceted self-renewal process is regulated by factors, including transcription factors, miRNAs, and the bone marrow niche. A developed classical hierarchical model that outlines the hematopoiesis in a lineage-specific manner through in vivo fate mapping, barcoding, and determination of self-renewal regulatory factors are still to be explored in more detail. Thus, an in-depth study of the self-renewal property of HSCs is essentially required to be utilized for ex vivo expansion. This review primarily focuses on the Hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal pathway and evaluates the regulatory molecular factors involved in considering a targeted clinical approach in numerous malignancies and outlining gaps in the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Mann
- Independent Researcher, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Sengar
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, India
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pawan Kumar Raghav
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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96
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Prabahran A, Koldej R, Chee L, Ritchie D. Clinical features, pathophysiology, and therapy of poor graft function post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1947-1959. [PMID: 34492685 PMCID: PMC8941468 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor graft function (PGF), defined by the presence of multilineage cytopenias in the presence of 100% donor chimerism, is a serious complication of allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT). Inducers or potentiators of alloimmunity such as cytomegalovirus reactivation and graft-versus-host disease are associated with the development of PGF, however, more clinical studies are required to establish further risk factors and describe outcomes of PGF. The pathophysiology of PGF can be conceptualized as dysfunction related to the number or productivity of the stem cell compartment, defects in bone marrow microenvironment components such as mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells, or immunological suppression of post-alloSCT hematopoiesis. Treatment strategies focused on improving stem cell number and function and microenvironment support of hematopoiesis have been attempted with variable success. There has been limited use of immune manipulation as a therapeutic strategy, but emerging therapies hold promise. This review details the current understanding of the causes of PGF and methods of treatment to provide a framework for clinicians managing this complex problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvind Prabahran
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre/Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Fund Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Koldej
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre/Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Fund Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lynette Chee
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre/Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Fund Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre/Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Fund Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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97
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Jeong HW, Koh BI, Watson EC, Xu C, Stehling M, Zhou B, Adams RH. A specialized bone marrow microenvironment for fetal haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1327. [PMID: 35288551 PMCID: PMC8921288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult mammalian bone marrow (BM), vascular endothelial cells and perivascular reticular cells control the function of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). During fetal development, the mechanisms regulating the de novo haematopoietic cell colonization of BM remain largely unknown. Here, we show that fetal and adult BM exhibit fundamental differences in cellular composition and molecular interactions by single cell RNA sequencing. While fetal femur is largely devoid of leptin receptor-expressing cells, arterial endothelial cells (AECs) provide Wnt ligand to control the initial HSPC expansion. Haematopoietic stem cells and c-Kit+ HSPCs are reduced when Wnt secretion by AECs is genetically blocked. We identify Wnt2 as AEC-derived signal that activates β-catenin-dependent proliferation of fetal HSPCs. Treatment of HSPCs with Wnt2 promotes their proliferation and improves engraftment after transplantation. Our work reveals a fundamental switch in the cellular organization and molecular regulation of BM niches in the embryonic and adult organism. The colonization of bone marrow by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is critical for lifelong blood cell formation. Here the authors report distinct features of fetal bone marrow and show that artery-derived signals promote haematopoietic colonization.
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98
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Heazlewood SY, Ahmad T, Mohenska M, Guo BB, Gangatirkar P, Josefsson EC, Ellis SL, Ratnadiwakara M, Cao H, Cao B, Heazlewood CK, Williams B, Fulton M, White JF, Ramialison M, Nilsson SK, Änkö ML. The RNA-binding protein SRSF3 has an essential role in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. Blood 2022; 139:1359-1373. [PMID: 34852174 PMCID: PMC8900270 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA processing is increasingly recognized as a critical control point in the regulation of different hematopoietic lineages including megakaryocytes responsible for the production of platelets. Platelets are anucleate cytoplasts that contain a rich repertoire of RNAs encoding proteins with essential platelet functions derived from the parent megakaryocyte. It is largely unknown how RNA binding proteins contribute to the development and functions of megakaryocytes and platelets. We show that serine-arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is essential for megakaryocyte maturation and generation of functional platelets. Megakaryocyte-specific deletion of Srsf3 in mice led to macrothrombocytopenia characterized by megakaryocyte maturation arrest, dramatically reduced platelet counts, and abnormally large functionally compromised platelets. SRSF3 deficient megakaryocytes failed to reprogram their transcriptome during maturation and to load platelets with RNAs required for normal platelet function. SRSF3 depletion led to nuclear accumulation of megakaryocyte mRNAs, demonstrating that SRSF3 deploys similar RNA regulatory mechanisms in megakaryocytes as in other cell types. Our study further suggests that SRSF3 plays a role in sorting cytoplasmic megakaryocyte RNAs into platelets and demonstrates how SRSF3-mediated RNA processing forms a central part of megakaryocyte gene regulation. Understanding SRSF3 functions in megakaryocytes and platelets provides key insights into normal thrombopoiesis and platelet pathologies as SRSF3 RNA targets in megakaryocytes are associated with platelet diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Y Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Monika Mohenska
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda B Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Science, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | | | - Emma C Josefsson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Ellis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Microscopy Facility and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Madara Ratnadiwakara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Huimin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad K Heazlewood
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Brenda Williams
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Fulton
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Änkö
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
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99
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Umemoto T, Johansson A, Ahmad SAI, Hashimoto M, Kubota S, Kikuchi K, Odaka H, Era T, Kurotaki D, Sashida G, Suda T. ATP citrate lyase controls hematopoietic stem cell fate and supports bone marrow regeneration. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109463. [PMID: 35229328 PMCID: PMC9016348 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to support bone marrow regeneration after myeloablation, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) actively divide to provide both stem and progenitor cells. However, the mechanisms regulating HSC function and cell fate choice during hematopoietic recovery remain unclear. We herein provide novel insights into HSC regulation during regeneration by focusing on mitochondrial metabolism and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). After 5-fluorouracil-induced myeloablation, HSCs highly expressing endothelial protein C receptor (EPCRhigh ) were enriched within the stem cell fraction at the expense of more proliferative EPCRLow HSCs. These EPCRHigh HSCs were initially more primitive than EPCRLow HSCs and enabled stem cell expansion by enhancing histone acetylation, due to increased activity of ACLY in the early phase of hematopoietic regeneration. In the late phase of recovery, HSCs enhanced differentiation potential by increasing the accessibility of cis-regulatory elements in progenitor cell-related genes, such as CD48. In conditions of reduced mitochondrial metabolism and ACLY activity, these HSCs maintained stem cell phenotypes, while ACLY-dependent histone acetylation promoted differentiation into CD48+ progenitor cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the dynamic control of ACLY-dependent metabolism and epigenetic alterations is essential for HSC regulation during hematopoietic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Umemoto
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell EngineeringInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Alban Johansson
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell EngineeringInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell EngineeringInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Stem Cell RegulationInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in LeukemogenesisInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kenta Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell DevelopmentInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Haruki Odaka
- Department of Cell ModulationInstitute of Molecular Embryology and GeneticsKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell ModulationInstitute of Molecular Embryology and GeneticsKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell DevelopmentInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in LeukemogenesisInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Laboratory of Stem Cell RegulationInternational Research Center for Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan,Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
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100
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Bochicchio MT, Di Battista V, Poggio P, Carrà G, Morotti A, Brancaccio M, Lucchesi A. Understanding Aberrant Signaling to Elude Therapy Escape Mechanisms in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040972. [PMID: 35205715 PMCID: PMC8870427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling in myeloproliferative neoplasms may arise from alterations in genes coding for signal transduction proteins or epigenetic regulators. Both mutated and normal cells cooperate, altering fragile balances in bone marrow niches and fueling persistent inflammation through paracrine or systemic signals. Despite the hopes placed in targeted therapies, myeloid proliferative neoplasms remain incurable diseases in patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, patient management is often very difficult in the long term. Unexpected connections among signal transduction pathways highlighted in neoplastic cells suggest new strategies to overcome neoplastic cell adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bochicchio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Valeria Di Battista
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Pietro Poggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessandro Lucchesi
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
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