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Hacioglu C, Kar F, Kar E, Kara Y, Kanbak G. Effects of Curcumin and Boric Acid Against Neurodegenerative Damage Induced by Amyloid Beta (1-42). Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3793-3800. [PMID: 33237490 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synaptosomes are used as an ex vivo model in the investigation of neuronal transmission and neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effects of boric acid (BA) and curcumin, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on Aβ1-42 induced neurodegenerative damage. Synaptosomes obtained from the rat cerebral cortex were divided into five groups: control, 10 μM Aβ1-42, 10 μM Aβ1-42 + 25 mM BA, 10 μM Aβ1-42 + 10 μM curcumin, and 10 μM Aβ1-42 + 25 mM BA+10 μM curcumin. Synaptosomes treated with Aβ1-42 caused a significant decline in synaptophysin levels and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, DNA fragmentation values, and nitric oxide (NO) levels compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Synaptosomes treated with BA showed a significant reduction in MDA and NO levels against Aβ1-42 exposure (P < 0.01). In addition, curcumin treatment has been found to cause a significant reduction in AChE activities and MDA levels in synaptosomes (P < 0.05). Co-administration of BA and curcumin on synaptosomes exposed to Aβ1-42 resulted in a significant decrease in DNA fragmentation values, MDA levels, and AChE activities. Curcumin and BA + curcumin combination showed an enhancement in synaptophysin levels of Aβ1-42-induced synaptosomes (P < 0.01). The results showed that BA and curcumin had protective effects on rat brain synaptosomes against Aβ1-42 exposure. BA and curcumin treatment can have abilities to prevent the alterations of the cholinergic system and inhibit oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex synapses of Aβ1-42 exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Bhattacharya U, Jhou JF, Zou YF, Abrigo G, Lin SW, Chen YH, Chien FC, Tai HC. Surface charge manipulation and electrostatic immobilization of synaptosomes for super-resolution imaging: a study on tau compartmentalization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18583. [PMID: 34545174 PMCID: PMC8452691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomes are subcellular fractions prepared from brain tissues that are enriched in synaptic terminals, widely used for the study of neural transmission and synaptic dysfunction. Immunofluorescence imaging is increasingly applied to synaptosomes to investigate protein localization. However, conventional methods for imaging synaptosomes over glass coverslips suffer from formaldehyde-induced aggregation. Here, we developed a facile strategy to capture and image synaptosomes without aggregation artefacts. First, ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS) is chosen as the chemical fixative to replace formaldehyde. EGS/glycine treatment makes the zeta potential of synaptosomes more negative. Second, we modified glass coverslips with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to impart positive charges. EGS-fixed synaptosomes spontaneously attach to modified glasses via electrostatic attraction while maintaining good dispersion. Individual synaptic terminals are imaged by conventional fluorescence microscopy or by super-resolution techniques such as direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). We examined tau protein by two-color and three-color dSTORM to understand its spatial distribution within mouse cortical synapses, observing tau colocalization with synaptic vesicles as well postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Fong Jhou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Gerald Abrigo
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Ching Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Obolenskaya M, Dotsenko V, Martsenyuk O, Ralchenko S, Krupko O, Pastukhov A, Filimonova N, Starosila D, Chernykh S, Borisova T. A new insight into mechanisms of interferon alpha neurotoxicity: Expression of GRIN3A subunit of NMDA receptors and NMDA-evoked exocytosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110317. [PMID: 33785426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric side effects accompany the high-dose interferon-alpha (IFNA) therapy. The primary genes responsible for these complications are mostly unknown. Our genome-wide search in mouse and rat genomes for the conservative genes containing IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE) in their promoters revealed a new potential target gene of IFNA, Grin3α, which encodes the 3A subunit of NMDA receptor. This study aimed to explore the impact of IFNA on the expression of Grin3α and Ifnα genes and neurotransmitters endo/exocytosis in the mouse brain. We administered recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b (rhIFN-α2b) intracranially, and 24 h later, we isolated six brain regions and used the samples for RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Synaptosomes were isolated from the cortex to analyze endo/exocytosis with acridine orange and L-[14C]glutamate. IFNA induced an increase in Grin3α mRNA and GRIN3A protein, but a decrease in Ifnα mRNA and protein. IFNA did not affect the accumulation and distribution of L-[14C]glutamate and acridine orange between synaptosomes and the extra-synaptosomal space. It caused the more significant acridine orange release activated by NMDA or glutamate than from control mice's synaptosomes. In response to IFNA, the newly discovered association between elevated Grin3α expression and NMDA- and glutamate-evoked neurotransmitters release from synaptosomes implies a new molecular mechanism of IFNA neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obolenskaya
- Laboratory of systems biology, Institute of molecular biology and genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - V Dotsenko
- Laboratory of systems biology, Institute of molecular biology and genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O Martsenyuk
- Laboratory of systems biology, Institute of molecular biology and genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Ralchenko
- Laboratory of systems biology, Institute of molecular biology and genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O Krupko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Pastukhov
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - N Filimonova
- Educational and scientific center "Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D Starosila
- State Institution LV. Gromashevskiy Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Chernykh
- Laboratory of systems biology, Institute of molecular biology and genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - T Borisova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Olivero G, Cisani F, Marimpietri D, Di Paolo D, Gagliani MC, Podestà M, Cortese K, Pittaluga A. The Depolarization-Evoked, Ca 2+-Dependent Release of Exosomes From Mouse Cortical Nerve Endings: New Insights Into Synaptic Transmission. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670158. [PMID: 34366842 PMCID: PMC8339587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether exosomes can be actively released from presynaptic nerve terminals is a matter of debate. To address the point, mouse cortical synaptosomes were incubated under basal and depolarizing (25 mM KCl-enriched medium) conditions, and extracellular vesicles were isolated from the synaptosomal supernatants to be characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. The structural and biochemical analysis unveiled that supernatants contain vesicles that have the size and the shape of exosomes, which were immunopositive for the exosomal markers TSG101, flotillin-1, CD63, and CD9. The marker content increased upon the exposure of nerve terminals to the high-KCl stimulus, consistent with an active release of the exosomes from the depolarized synaptosomes. High KCl-induced depolarization elicits the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of glutamate. Interestingly, the depolarization-evoked release of exosomes from cortical synaptosomes also occurred in a Ca2+-dependent fashion, since the TSG101, CD63, and CD9 contents in the exosomal fraction isolated from supernatants of depolarized synaptosomes were significantly reduced when omitting external Ca2+ ions. Differently, (±)-baclofen (10 µM), which significantly reduced the glutamate exocytosis, did not affect the amount of exosomal markers, suggesting that the GABAB-mediated mechanism does not control the exosome release. Our findings suggest that the exposure of synaptosomes to a depolarizing stimulus elicits a presynaptic release of exosomes that occurs in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. The insensitivity to the presynaptic GABAB receptors, however, leaves open the question on whether the release of exosomes could be a druggable target for new therapeutic intervention for the cure of synaptopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, DIMES, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, DIMES, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DIFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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55
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Schnöder L, Tomic I, Schwindt L, Helm D, Rettel M, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Krause E, Rettig J, Fassbender K, Liu Y. P38α-MAPK phosphorylates Snapin and reduces Snapin-mediated BACE1 transportation in APP-transgenic mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21691. [PMID: 34118085 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100017r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is the major pathogenic molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 enzyme is essential for the generation of Aβ. Deficiency of p38α-MAPK in neurons increases lysosomal degradation of BACE1 and decreases Aβ deposition in the brain of APP-transgenic mice. However, the mechanisms mediating effects of p38α-MAPK are largely unknown. In this study, we used APP-transgenic mice and cultured neurons and observed that deletion of p38α-MAPK specifically in neurons decreased phosphorylation of Snapin at serine, increased retrograde transportation of BACE1 in axons and reduced BACE1 at synaptic terminals, which suggests that p38α-MAPK deficiency promotes axonal transportation of BACE1 from its predominant locations, axonal terminals, to lysosomes in the cell body. In vitro kinase assay revealed that p38α-MAPK directly phosphorylates Snapin. By further performing mass spectrometry analysis and site-directed mutagenic experiments in SH-SY5Y cell lines, we identified serine residue 112 as a p38α-MAPK-phosphorylating site on Snapin. Replacement of serine 112 with alanine did abolish p38α-MAPK knockdown-induced reduction of BACE1 activity and protein level, and transportation to lysosomes in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our study suggests that activation of p38α-MAPK phosphorylates Snapin and inhibits the retrograde transportation of BACE1 in axons, which might exaggerate amyloid pathology in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schnöder
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Inge Tomic
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Laura Schwindt
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Rettel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elmar Krause
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Rettig
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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56
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Altered conformation of α-synuclein drives dysfunction of synaptic vesicles in a synaptosomal model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109333. [PMID: 34233191 PMCID: PMC8552450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While misfolding of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is central to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), fundamental questions about its structure and function at the synapse remain unanswered. We examine synaptosomes from non-transgenic and transgenic mice expressing wild-type human αSyn, the E46K fPD-causing mutation, or an amplified form of E46K ("3K"). Synaptosomes from mice expressing the 3K mutant show reduced Ca2+-dependent vesicle exocytosis, altered synaptic vesicle ultrastructure, decreased SNARE complexes, and abnormal levels of certain synaptic proteins. With our intra-synaptosomal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method, we reveal that WT αSyn participates in heterogeneous interactions with synaptic components dependent on endogenous αSyn and synaptosomal integrity. The 3K mutation markedly alters these interactions. The synaptic microenvironment is necessary for αSyn to reach its native conformations and establish a physiological interaction network. Its inability to populate diverse conformational ensembles likely represents an early step in αSyn dysfunction that contributes to the synaptotoxicity observed in synucleinopathies.
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57
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Di Paolo A, Garat J, Eastman G, Farias J, Dajas-Bailador F, Smircich P, Sotelo-Silveira JR. Functional Genomics of Axons and Synapses to Understand Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:686722. [PMID: 34248504 PMCID: PMC8267896 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.686722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional genomics studies through transcriptomics, translatomics and proteomics have become increasingly important tools to understand the molecular basis of biological systems in the last decade. In most cases, when these approaches are applied to the nervous system, they are centered in cell bodies or somatodendritic compartments, as these are easier to isolate and, at least in vitro, contain most of the mRNA and proteins present in all neuronal compartments. However, key functional processes and many neuronal disorders are initiated by changes occurring far away from cell bodies, particularly in axons (axopathologies) and synapses (synaptopathies). Both neuronal compartments contain specific RNAs and proteins, which are known to vary depending on their anatomical distribution, developmental stage and function, and thus form the complex network of molecular pathways required for neuron connectivity. Modifications in these components due to metabolic, environmental, and/or genetic issues could trigger or exacerbate a neuronal disease. For this reason, detailed profiling and functional understanding of the precise changes in these compartments may thus yield new insights into the still intractable molecular basis of most neuronal disorders. In the case of synaptic dysfunctions or synaptopathies, they contribute to dozens of diseases in the human brain including neurodevelopmental (i.e., autism, Down syndrome, and epilepsy) as well as neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases). Histological, biochemical, cellular, and general molecular biology techniques have been key in understanding these pathologies. Now, the growing number of omics approaches can add significant extra information at a high and wide resolution level and, used effectively, can lead to novel and insightful interpretations of the biological processes at play. This review describes current approaches that use transcriptomics, translatomics and proteomic related methods to analyze the axon and presynaptic elements, focusing on the relationship that axon and synapses have with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Di Paolo
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquin Garat
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Eastman
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquina Farias
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario “Espacio de Biología Vegetal del Noreste”, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Federico Dajas-Bailador
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Smircich
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José Roberto Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Matthies I, Abrahams JL, Jensen P, Oliveira T, Kolarich D, Larsen MR. N-Glycosylation in isolated rat nerve terminals. Mol Omics 2021; 17:517-532. [PMID: 34106099 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a ubiquitous protein modification that is capable of modulating protein structure, function and interactions. Many proteins in the brain associated with the synapse and important for synaptic transmission are highly glycosylated and their glycosylation could be important for learning and memory related molecular processes and synaptic plasticity. In the present study, we extend the knowledge of the synaptic glycome and glycoproteome by performing glycan- and intact glycopeptide-focused analyses of isolated rat nerve terminals (synaptosomes) by LC-MS/MS. Overall, glycomics identified a total of 41 N-glycans in isolated synaptosomes. Sialylated N-glycans represented only 7% of the total abundance of the rat synaptosome N-glycome with oligomannose, neutral hybrid and complex type N-glycans being the most abundant structures. Using detergent extraction of the active zone proteins from the synaptosomes revealed a change in the active zone glycan abundance in comparison with the rest of the synaptosome glycan content. Characterization of intact sialylated N-linked glycopeptides enriched by titanium dioxide chromatography revealed more than 85% selectivity of sialylated species and the presence of NeuGc on active zone proteins. In addition, both disialic and trisialic acid modified glycans were present on synaptic glycoproteins, although oxonium ion profiling revealed that trisialic units were only present on glycoproteins in the detergent soluble fraction. However, correct identification of intact sialylated N-linked glycopeptides using the Byonic program failed, most likely due to the lack of peptide backbone fragmentation during tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Matthies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Qiu X, Ping S, Kyle M, Chin L, Zhao LR. SCF + G-CSF treatment in the chronic phase of severe TBI enhances axonal sprouting in the spinal cord and synaptic pruning in the hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:63. [PMID: 33832542 PMCID: PMC8028149 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long-term disability in young adults. An evidence-based treatment for TBI recovery, especially in the chronic phase, is not yet available. Using a severe TBI mouse model, we demonstrate that the neurorestorative efficacy of repeated treatments with stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (SCF + G-CSF) in the chronic phase is superior to SCF + G-CSF single treatment. SCF + G-CSF treatment initiated at 3 months post-TBI enhances contralesional corticospinal tract sprouting into the denervated side of the cervical spinal cord and re-balances the TBI-induced overgrown synapses in the hippocampus by enhancing microglial function of synaptic pruning. These neurorestorative changes are associated with SCF + G-CSF-improved somatosensory-motor function and spatial learning. In the chronic phase of TBI, severe TBI-caused microglial degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus is ameliorated by SCF + G-CSF treatment. These findings reveal the therapeutic potential and possible mechanism of SCF + G-CSF treatment in brain repair during the chronic phase of severe TBI.
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60
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Hacioglu C, Kar F, Kanbak G. Ex Vivo Investigation of Bexarotene and Nicotinamide Function as a Protectıve Agent on Rat Synaptosomes Treated with Aβ(1-42). Neurochem Res 2021; 46:804-818. [PMID: 33428094 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we were aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of bexarotene and nicotinamide in synaptosomes incubated with amyloid-beta (Aβ). Our study consists of 2 parts, in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo section, twenty-four Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups (control, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), nicotinamide and bexarotene) with six animals in each group. DMSO(1%), nicotinamide(100 mg/kg) and bexarotene(0.1 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to animals in the experimental groups for seven days. In the in vitro part of our study, three different isolation methods were used to obtain the synaptosomes from the brain tissue. Total antioxidant capacity(TAS), total oxidant capacity(TOS), cleaved caspase 3(CASP3), cytochrome c(Cyt c), sirtuin 1(SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1) levels in the synaptosomes incubated with a concentration of 10 µM Aβ(1-42) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations in serum and brain samples showed that DMSO, nicotinamide and bexarotene treatments did not cause any damage to the rat brain tissue. We found that in vitro Aβ(1-42) administration decreased TAS, SIRT1 and PPARγ levels in synaptosomes while increasing TOS, CASP3, Cyt c, and PARP1 levels. Nicotinamide treatment suppressed oxidative stress and apoptosis by supporting antioxidant capacity and increased PPARγ through SIRT1 activation, causing PARP1 to decrease. On the other hand, bexarotene caused a moderate increase in SIRT1 levels with PPARγ activation. Consequently, we found that nicotinamide can be more effective than bexarotene in AD pathogenesis by regulating mitochondrial functions in synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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61
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Denes CE, Newsome TP, Miranda-Saksena M, Cunningham AL, Diefenbach RJ. A putative WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) interacting receptor sequence (WIRS) in the cytoplasmic tail of HSV-1 gE does not function in WRC recruitment or neuronal transport. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000206. [PMID: 34151161 PMCID: PMC8209697 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HSV-1 envelope glycoprotein E (gE) is important for viral egress and cell-to-cell spread but the host protein(s) involved in these functions have yet to be determined. We aimed to investigate a role for the Arp2/3 complex and actin regulation in viral egress based on the identification of a WAVE Regulatory Complex (WRC) Interacting Receptor Sequence (WIRS) in the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of gE. A WIRS-dependent interaction between the gE(CT) and subunits of the WRC was demonstrated by GST-pulldown assay and a role for the Arp2/3 complex in cell-to-cell spread was also observed by plaque assay. Subsequent study of a recombinant HSV-1 gE WIRS-mutant found no significant changes to viral production and release based on growth kinetics studies, or changes to plaque and comet size in various cell types, suggesting no function for the motif in cell-to-cell spread. GFP-Trap pulldown and proximity ligation assays were unable to confirm a WIRS-dependent interaction between gE and the WRC in human cell lines though the WIRS-independent interaction observed in situ warrants further study. Confocal microscopy of infected cells of neuronal origin identified no impairment of gE WIRS-mutant HSV-1 anterograde transport along axons. We propose that the identified gE WIRS motif does not function directly in recruitment of the WRC in human cells, in cell-to-cell spread of virus or in anterograde transport along axons. Further studies are needed to understand how HSV-1 manipulates and traverses the actin cytoskeleton and how gE may contribute to these processes in a WIRS-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Denes
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy P Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Monica Miranda-Saksena
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Russell J Diefenbach
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Homeoviscous adaptation occurs with thermal acclimation in biological membranes from heart and gill, but not the brain, in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:289-300. [PMID: 33479792 PMCID: PMC8895410 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As temperatures continue to rise, adjustments to biological membranes will be key for maintenance of function. It is largely unknown to what extent Antarctic notothenioids possess the capacity to remodel their biological membranes in response to thermal change. In this study, physical and biochemical properties were examined in membranes prepared from gill epithelia (plasma membranes), cardiac ventricles (microsomes, mitochondria), and brains (synaptic membranes, myelin, mitochondria) from Notothenia coriiceps following acclimation to 5 °C (or held at ambient temperature, 0 °C) for a minimum of 6 weeks. Fluidity was measured between 0 and 30 °C in all membranes, and polar lipid compositions and cholesterol contents were analyzed in a subset of biological membranes from all tissues. Osmotic permeability was measured in gills at 0 and 4 °C. Gill plasma membranes, cardiac mitochondria, and cardiac microsomes displayed reduced fluidity following acclimation to 5 °C, indicating compensation for elevated temperature. In contrast, no fluidity changes with acclimation were observed in any of the membranes prepared from brain. In all membranes, adjustments to the relative abundances of major phospholipid classes, and to the extent of fatty acid unsaturation, were undetectable following thermal acclimation. However, alterations in cholesterol contents and acyl chain length, consistent with the changes in fluidity, were observed in membranes from gill and cardiac tissue. Water permeability was reduced with 5 °C acclimation in gills, indicating near-perfect homeostatic efficacy. Taken together, these results demonstrate a homeoviscous response in gill and cardiac membranes, and limited plasticity in membranes from the nervous system, in an Antarctic notothenioid.
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Martinez-Sanchez A, Laugks U, Kochovski Z, Papantoniou C, Zinzula L, Baumeister W, Lučić V. Trans-synaptic assemblies link synaptic vesicles and neuroreceptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabe6204. [PMID: 33674312 PMCID: PMC7935360 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is characterized by fast, tightly coupled processes and complex signaling pathways that require a precise protein organization, such as the previously reported nanodomain colocalization of pre- and postsynaptic proteins. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography to visualize synaptic complexes together with their native environment comprising interacting proteins and lipids on a 2- to 4-nm scale. Using template-free detection and classification, we showed that tripartite trans-synaptic assemblies (subcolumns) link synaptic vesicles to postsynaptic receptors and established that a particular displacement between directly interacting complexes characterizes subcolumns. Furthermore, we obtained de novo average structures of ionotropic glutamate receptors in their physiological composition, embedded in plasma membrane. These data support the hypothesis that synaptic function is carried by precisely organized trans-synaptic units. It provides a framework for further exploration of synaptic and other large molecular assemblies that link different cells or cellular regions and may require weak or transient interactions to exert their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martinez-Sanchez
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oviedo, Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Avenida Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Laugks
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christos Papantoniou
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luca Zinzula
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vladan Lučić
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Chiu KM, Lin TY, Lee MY, Lu CW, Wang MJ, Wang SJ. Typhaneoside Suppresses Glutamate Release Through Inhibition of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Entry in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1286-1295. [PMID: 33621091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is involved in many brain functions. In this study, we investigated whether typhaneoside, a flavonoid from Typhae angustifolia pollen, affects endogenous glutamate release from rat cortical synaptosomes. Using a one-line enzyme-coupled fluorometric assay, glutamate release stimulated by the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine was monitored to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. The vesicular transporter inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and chelation of extracellular Ca2+ ions with EGTA suppressed the effect of typhaneoside on the induced glutamate release. Nevertheless, the typhaneoside activity has not been affected by the glutamate transporter inhibitor dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate. The synaptosomal plasma membrane potential was assayed using a membrane potential-sensitive dye DiSC3(5), and cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]C) was monitored by a Ca2+ indicator Fura-2. Results showed that typhaneoside did not alter the synaptosomal membrane potential but lowered 4-aminopyridine-induced increases in [Ca2+]C. Furthermore, the Cav2.2 (N-type) channel blocker ω-conotoxin GVIA blocked Ca2+ entry and inhibited the effect of typhaneoside on 4-aminopyridine-induced glutamate release. However, the inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ release dantrolene and the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger blocker 7-chloro-5-(2-chloropheny)-1,5-dihydro-4,1-benzothiazepin-2(3H)-one have no effect on the suppression of glutamate release mediated by typhaneoside. Moreover, inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) prevented the inhibitory effect of typhaneoside on induced glutamate release. Typhaneoside reduced 4-aminopyridine-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the major presynaptic ERK target synapsin I, which is a synaptic vesicle-associated protein. In conclusion, these findings suggest a role for typhaneoside in modulating glutamate release by suppressing voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel mediated presynaptic Ca2+ influx and the MAPK/ERK/synapsin I signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan.,Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuh Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
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65
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Almeida CGM, Costa-Higuchi K, Piovesan AR, Moro CF, Venturin GT, Greggio S, Costa-Ferro ZS, Salamoni SD, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, de Lima ME, Silva CND, Vinadé L, Rowan EG, DaCosta JC, Dal Belo CA, Carlini CR. Neurotoxic and convulsant effects induced by jack bean ureases on the mammalian nervous system. Toxicology 2021; 454:152737. [PMID: 33631299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ureases are microbial virulence factors either because of the enzymatic release of ammonia or due to many other non-enzymatic effects. Here we studied two neurotoxic urease isoforms, Canatoxin (CNTX) and Jack Bean Urease (JBU), produced by the plant Canavalia ensiformis, whose mechanisms of action remain elusive. The neurotoxins provoke convulsions in rodents (LD50 ∼2 mg/kg) and stimulate exocytosis in cell models, affecting intracellular calcium levels. Here, electrophysiological and brain imaging techniques were applied to elucidate their mode of action. While systemic administration of the toxins causes tonic-clonic seizures in rodents, JBU injected into rat hippocampus induced spike-wave discharges similar to absence-like seizures. JBU reduced the amplitude of compound action potential from mouse sciatic nerve in a tetrodotoxin-insensitive manner. Hippocampal slices from CNTX-injected animals or slices treated in vitro with JBU failed to induce long term potentiation upon tetanic stimulation. Rat cortical synaptosomes treated with JBU released L-glutamate. JBU increased the intracellular calcium levels and spontaneous firing rate in rat hippocampus neurons. MicroPET scans of CNTX-injected rats revealed increased [18]Fluoro-deoxyglucose uptake in epileptogenesis-related areas like hippocampus and thalamus. Curiously, CNTX did not affect voltage-gated sodium, calcium or potassium channels currents, neither did it interfere on cholinergic receptors, suggesting an indirect mode of action that could be related to the ureases' membrane-disturbing properties. Understanding the neurotoxic mode of action of C. ensiformis ureases could help to unveil the so far underappreciated relevance of these toxins in diseases caused by urease-producing microorganisms, in which the human central nervous system is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gabriel Moreira Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kiyo Costa-Higuchi
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Regina Piovesan
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Celular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlo Frederico Moro
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gianina Teribele Venturin
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Greggio
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Zaquer Susana Costa-Ferro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Denise Salamoni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Elena de Lima
- Institute of Teaching and Research, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Vinadé
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Toxinology (Lanetox), Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Edward G Rowan
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jaderson Costa DaCosta
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Toxinology (Lanetox), Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
| | - Celia Regina Carlini
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Scholl of Medicine, Pontificía Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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66
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Kloster A, Hyer MM, Dyer S, Salome-Sanchez C, Neigh GN. High Fructose Diet Induces Sex-specific Modifications in Synaptic Respiration and Affective-like Behaviors in Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 454:40-50. [PMID: 31881260 PMCID: PMC7311226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of excessive fructose intake extend beyond those of metabolic disorder to changes in emotional regulation and cognitive function. Long-term consumption of fructose, particularly common when begun in adolescence, is more likely to lead to deleterious consequences than acute consumption. These long-term consequences manifest differently in males and females, suggesting a sex-divergent mechanism by which fructose can impair physiology and neural function. The purpose of the current project was to investigate a possible sex-specific mechanism by which elevated fructose consumption drives behavioral deficits and accompanying metabolic symptoms - specifically, synaptic mitochondrial function. Male and female rats were fed a high fructose diet beginning at weaning and maintained into adulthood. Measures of physiological health across the diet consumption period indicated that females were more likely to gain weight than males while both displayed increased circulating blood glucose. As adults, females fed the high fructose diet displayed increased floating behavior in the forced swim task while males exhibited increased exploratory behavior in the open field. Synaptic respiration was altered by diet in both females and males but the effect was sex-divergent - fructose-fed females had increased synaptic respiration while males showed a decrease. When exposed to an acute energetic challenge, the pattern was reversed. Taken together, these data indicate that diet-induced alterations to neural function and physiology are sex-specific and highlight the need to consider sex as a biological variable when treating metabolic disease. Furthermore, these data suggest that synaptic mitochondrial function may contribute directly to the behavioral consequences of elevated fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Kloster
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Molly M Hyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Samya Dyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Charlie Salome-Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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67
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Kim YJ, Kong Q, Yamamoto S, Kuramoto K, Huang M, Wang N, Hong JH, Xiao T, Levine B, Qiu X, Zhao Y, Miller RJ, Dong H, Meltzer HY, Xu M, He C. An autophagy-related protein Becn2 regulates cocaine reward behaviors in the dopaminergic system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabc8310. [PMID: 33608268 PMCID: PMC7895433 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug abuse is a foremost public health problem. Cocaine is a widely abused drug worldwide that produces various reward-related behaviors. The mechanisms that underlie cocaine-induced disorders are unresolved, and effective treatments are lacking. Here, we found that an autophagy-related protein Becn2 is a previously unidentified regulator of cocaine reward behaviors. Becn2 deletion protects mice from cocaine-stimulated locomotion and reward behaviors, as well as cocaine-induced dopamine accumulation and signaling, by increasing presynaptic dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) autoreceptors in dopamine neurons. Becn2 regulates D2R endolysosomal trafficking, degradation, and cocaine-induced behaviors via interacting with a D2R-bound adaptor GASP1. Inactivating Becn2 by upstream autophagy inhibitors stabilizes striatal presynaptic D2R, reduces dopamine release and signaling, and prevents cocaine reward in normal mice. Thus, the autophagy protein Becn2 is essential for cocaine psychomotor stimulation and reward through regulating dopamine neurotransmission, and targeting Becn2 by autophagy inhibitors is a potential strategy to prevent cocaine-induced behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qingyao Kong
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Soh Yamamoto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kenta Kuramoto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jung Hwa Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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68
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Zheng Q, Li G, Wang S, Zhou Y, Liu K, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Zheng L, Zhu L, Deng Q, Wu M, Di A, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Sun H, Dong C, Xu H, Wang X. Trisomy 21-induced dysregulation of microglial homeostasis in Alzheimer's brains is mediated by USP25. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/1/eabe1340. [PMID: 33523861 PMCID: PMC7775784 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most significant risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, underlying mechanisms linking DS and AD remain unclear. Here, we show that triplication of homologous chromosome 21 genes aggravates neuroinflammation in combined murine DS-AD models. Overexpression of USP25, a deubiquitinating enzyme encoded by chromosome 21, results in microglial activation and induces synaptic and cognitive deficits, whereas genetic ablation of Usp25 reduces neuroinflammation and rescues synaptic and cognitive function in 5×FAD mice. Mechanistically, USP25 deficiency attenuates microglia-mediated proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and synapse elimination. Inhibition of USP25 reestablishes homeostatic microglial signatures and restores synaptic and cognitive function in 5×FAD mice. In summary, we demonstrate an unprecedented role for trisomy 21 and pathogenic effects associated with microgliosis as a result of the increased USP25 dosage, implicating USP25 as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation in DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Guilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Liangkai Zheng
- Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Qingfang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Anjie Di
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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Exosomal tau with seeding activity is released from Alzheimer's disease synapses, and seeding potential is associated with amyloid beta. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1605-1617. [PMID: 34462532 PMCID: PMC8590975 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transfer of tau has long been hypothesized from the human pathology pattern and has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes have been suggested as a mechanism, but not all tau is exosomal. The present experiments use a novel flow cytometry assay to quantify depolarization of synaptosomes by KCl after loading with FM2-10, which induces a fluorescence reduction associated with synaptic vesicle release; the degree of reduction in cryopreserved human samples equaled that seen in fresh mouse synaptosomes. Depolarization induced the release of vesicles in the size range of exosomes, along with tetraspanin markers of extracellular vesicles. A number of tau peptides were released, including tau oligomers; released tau was primarily unphosphorylated and C-terminal truncated, with Aβ release just above background. When exosomes were immunopurified from release supernatants, a prominent tau band showed a dark smeared appearance of SDS-stable oligomers along with the exosomal marker syntenin-1, and these exosomes induced aggregation in the HEK tau biosensor assay. However, the flow-through did not seed aggregation. Size exclusion chromatography of purified released exosomes shows faint signals from tau in the same fractions that show a CD63 band, an exosomal size signal, and seeding activity. Crude synaptosomes from control, tauopathy, and AD cases demonstrated lower seeding in tauopathy compared to AD that is correlated with the measured Aβ42 level. These results show that AD synapses release exosomal tau that is C-terminal-truncated, oligomeric, and with seeding activity that is enhanced by Aβ. Taken together with previous findings, these results are consistent with a direct prion-like heterotypic seeding of tau by Aβ within synaptic terminals, with subsequent loading of aggregated tau onto exosomes that are released and competent for tau seeding activity.
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Proteomic Characterization of Synaptosomes from Human Substantia Nigra Indicates Altered Mitochondrial Translation in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122580. [PMID: 33276480 PMCID: PMC7761546 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Additionally, numerous studies indicate an altered synaptic function during disease progression. To gain new insights into the molecular processes underlying the alteration of synaptic function in PD, a proteomic study was performed. Therefore, synaptosomes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from SNpc tissue of individuals at advanced PD stages (N = 5) as well as control subjects free of pathology (N = 5) followed by mass spectrometry-based analysis. In total, 362 proteins were identified and assigned to the synaptosomal core proteome. This core proteome comprised all proteins expressed within the synapses without regard to data analysis software, gender, age, or disease. The differential analysis between control subjects and PD cases revealed that CD9 antigen was overrepresented and fourteen proteins, among them Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2), mitochondrial, 39S ribosomal protein L37, neurolysin, and Methionine-tRNA ligase (MARS2) were underrepresented in PD suggesting an alteration in mitochondrial translation within synaptosomes.
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Gulyássy P, Puska G, Györffy BA, Todorov-Völgyi K, Juhász G, Drahos L, Kékesi KA. Proteomic comparison of different synaptosome preparation procedures. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1529-1543. [PMID: 33211194 PMCID: PMC7695668 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synaptosomes are frequently used research objects in neurobiology studies focusing on synaptic transmission as they mimic several aspects of the physiological synaptic functions. They contain the whole apparatus for neurotransmission, the presynaptic nerve ending with synaptic vesicles, synaptic mitochondria and often a segment of the postsynaptic membrane along with the postsynaptic density is attached to its outer surface. As being artificial functional organelles, synaptosomes are viable for several hours, retain their activity, membrane potential, and capable to store, release, and reuptake neurotransmitters. Synaptosomes are ideal subjects for proteomic analysis. The recently available separation and protein detection techniques can cope with the reduced complexity of the organelle and enable the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of thousands of proteins shaping the structural and functional characteristics of the synapse. Synaptosomes are formed during the homogenization of nervous tissue in the isoosmotic milieu and can be isolated from the homogenate by various approaches. Each enrichment method has its own benefits and drawbacks and there is not a single method that is optimal for all research purposes. For a proper proteomic experiment, it is desirable to preserve the native synaptic structure during the isolation procedure and keep the degree of contamination from other organelles or cell types as low as possible. In this article, we examined five synaptosome isolation methods from a proteomic point of view by the means of electron microscopy, Western blot, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to compare their efficiency in the isolation of synaptosomes and depletion of contaminating subcellular structures. In our study, the different isolation procedures led to a largely overlapping pool of proteins with a fairly similar distribution of presynaptic, active zone, synaptic vesicle, and postsynaptic proteins; however, discrete differences were noticeable in individual postsynaptic proteins and in the number of identified transmembrane proteins. Much pronounced variance was observed in the degree of contamination with mitochondrial and glial structures. Therefore, we suggest that in selecting the appropriate isolation method for any neuroproteomics experiment carried out on synaptosomes, the degree and sort/source of contamination should be considered as a primary aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Gulyássy
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gina Puska
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Development Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE NAP Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs A Györffy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,ELTE-NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Todorov-Völgyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Hall-Roberts H, Agarwal D, Obst J, Smith TB, Monzón-Sandoval J, Di Daniel E, Webber C, James WS, Mead E, Davis JB, Cowley SA. TREM2 Alzheimer's variant R47H causes similar transcriptional dysregulation to knockout, yet only subtle functional phenotypes in human iPSC-derived macrophages. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:151. [PMID: 33198789 PMCID: PMC7667762 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TREM2 is a microglial cell surface receptor, with risk mutations linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), including R47H. TREM2 signalling via SYK aids phagocytosis, chemotaxis, survival, and changes to microglial activation state. In AD mouse models, knockout (KO) of TREM2 impairs microglial clustering around amyloid and prevents microglial activation. The R47H mutation is proposed to reduce TREM2 ligand binding. We investigated cell phenotypes of the R47H mutant and TREM2 KO in a model of human microglia, and compared their transcriptional signatures, to determine the mechanism by which R47H TREM2 disrupts function. METHODS We generated human microglia-like iPSC-macrophages (pMac) from isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, with homozygous R47H mutation or TREM2 knockout (KO). We firstly validated the effect of the R47H mutant on TREM2 surface and subcellular localization in pMac. To assess microglial phenotypic function, we measured phagocytosis of dead neurons, cell morphology, directed migration, survival, and LPS-induced inflammation. We performed bulk RNA-seq, comparing significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs; p < 0.05) between the R47H and KO versus WT, and bioinformatically predicted potential upstream regulators of TREM2-mediated gene expression. RESULTS R47H modified surface expression and shedding of TREM2, but did not impair TREM2-mediated signalling, or gross phenotypes that were dysregulated in the TREM2 KO (phagocytosis, motility, survival). However, altered gene expression in the R47H TREM2 pMac overlapped by 90% with the TREM2 KO and was characterised by dysregulation of genes involved with immunity, proliferation, activation, chemotaxis, and adhesion. Downregulated mediators of ECM adhesion included the vitronectin receptor αVβ3, and consequently, R47H TREM2 pMac adhered weakly to vitronectin compared with WT pMac. To counteract these transcriptional defects, we investigated TGFβ1, as a candidate upstream regulator. TGFβ1 failed to rescue vitronectin adhesion of pMac, although it improved αVβ3 expression. CONCLUSIONS The R47H mutation is not sufficient to cause gross phenotypic defects of human pMac under standard culture conditions. However, overlapping transcriptional defects with TREM2 KO supports the hypothesised partial loss-of-function effects of the R47H mutation. Furthermore, transcriptomics can guide us to more subtle phenotypic defects in the R47H cells, such as reduced cell adhesion, and can be used to predict targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Hall-Roberts
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Devika Agarwal
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Juliane Obst
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Thomas B. Smith
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | | | - Elena Di Daniel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - William S. James
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE UK
| | - Emma Mead
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - John B. Davis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Sally A. Cowley
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE UK
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73
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Shafabakhsh R, Mobini M, Raygan F, Aghadavod E, Ostadmohammadi V, Amirani E, Mansournia MA, Asemi Z. Curcumin administration and the effects on psychological status and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:77-82. [PMID: 33183576 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assessed the effects of curcumin intake on psychological status, markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD). METHOD This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 60 patients with T2DM and CHD, aged 45-85 years with 2- and 3-vessel CHD. Patients were randomized into two groups to receive either 1000 mg/day curcumin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Using RT-PCR method, gene expression related to insulin metabolism and inflammatory markers on mononuclear cells from peripheral blood was evaluated. RESULT Curcumin intake significantly decreased Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (β -1.27; 95% CI, -2.27, -0.31; P = 0.01) compared to the placebo group. Curcumin intake caused a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) (β -0.20 μmol/L; 95% CI, -0.36, -0.04; P = 0.01), significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 75.82 mmol/L; 95% CI, 3.400, 148.25; P = 0.04) and glutathione (GSH) levels (β 63.48 μmol/L; 95% CI, 26.58, 100.37; P = 0.001) when compared with the placebo. Additionally, curcumin intake upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Curcumin intake for 12 weeks in patients with T2DM and CHD had beneficial effects on PSQI, TAC, GSH, MDA values, and gene expression of PPAR-γ. This study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials (http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N63).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Moein Mobini
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Fariba Raygan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Elaheh Amirani
- National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran.
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74
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Liu Y, Zhong H, Bussan EL, Pang IH. Early phosphoproteomic changes in the retina following optic nerve crush. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113481. [PMID: 32971066 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death causes irreversible blindness in adult mammals. Death of RGC occurs in diseases including glaucoma or injuries to the optic nerve (ON). To investigate mechanisms involved in RGC degeneration, we evaluated the phosphoproteomic changes in the retina induced by ON injury. Intraorbital optic nerve crush (ONC) was performed in adult C57BL/6J mice. Retinas were collected at 0, 6, and 12 h following ONC. Retinal proteins labeled with CyDye-C2 were subject to 2D-PAGE, followed by phosphoprotein staining and in-gel/cross-gel image analysis. Proteins with significant changes in phosphorylation (ratios ≥1.2) in retinas of the injured eyes compared to the control eyes were spot-picked, tryptic digested, and peptide fragments were analyzed by MALDI-TOF (MS) and TOF/TOF (tandem MS/MS). Intraorbital ONC increased phosphorylation of many retinal proteins. Among them, 29 significantly phosphorylated proteins were identified. PANTHER analysis showed that these proteins are associated with a variety of protein classes, cellular components, biological processes and signaling pathways. One of the identified proteins, phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PEA15), was further validated by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Functions of PEA15 were determined in cultured astrocytes. PEA15 knockdown reduced astrocyte phagocytic activity but promoted cell migration. Long term PEA15 knockdown also decreased astrocyte ATP level. This study provides new insights into mechanisms of RGC degeneration after ON injury, as well as central nervous system (CNS) neurodegeneration, since the retina is an extension of the CNS. These new insights will lead to novel therapeutic targets for retinal and CNS neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Huahong Zhong
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Optometry College of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Emily L Bussan
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Iok-Hou Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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75
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Curry-Hyde A, Ueberham U, Chen BJ, Zipfel I, Mills JD, Bochmann J, Jendrek R, Takenaka K, Kirazov L, Kirazov E, Jünger J, Brückner MK, Arendt T, Janitz M. Analysis of the Circular Transcriptome in the Synaptosomes of Aged Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 449:202-213. [PMID: 32926955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed to be an important non-coding element of the transcriptome. The brain contains the most abundant and widespread expression of circRNA. There are also indications that the circular transcriptome undergoes dynamic changes as a result of brain ageing. Diminished cognitive function with increased age reflects the dysregulation of synaptic function and ineffective neurotransmission through alterations of the synaptic proteome. Here, we present changes in the circular transcriptome in ageing synapses using a mouse model. Specifically, we observed an accumulation of uniquely expressed circular transcripts in the synaptosomes of aged mice compared to young mice. Individual circRNA expression patterns were characterized by an increased abundance in the synaptosomes of young or aged mice, whereas the opposite expression was observed for the parental gene linear transcripts. These changes in expression were validated by RT-qPCR. We provide the first comprehensive survey of the circular transcriptome in mammalian synapses, thereby paving the way for future studies. Additionally, we present 16 genes that express solely circRNAs, without linear RNAs co-expression, exclusively in young and aged synaptosomes, suggesting a synaptic gene network that functions along canonical splicing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Curry-Hyde
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Uwe Ueberham
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bei Jun Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ivonne Zipfel
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - James D Mills
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jana Bochmann
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renate Jendrek
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konii Takenaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ludmil Kirazov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgeni Kirazov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jennifer Jünger
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina K Brückner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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76
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Boll I, Jensen P, Schwämmle V, Larsen MR. Depolarization-dependent Induction of Site-specific Changes in Sialylation on N-linked Glycoproteins in Rat Nerve Terminals. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1418-1435. [PMID: 32518069 PMCID: PMC8143646 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission leading to release of neurotransmitters in the nervous system is a fast and highly dynamic process. Previously, protein interaction and phosphorylation have been thought to be the main regulators of synaptic transmission. Here we show that sialylation of N-linked glycosylation is a novel potential modulator of neurotransmitter release mechanisms by investigating depolarization-dependent changes of formerly sialylated N-linked glycopeptides. We suggest that negatively charged sialic acids can be modulated, similarly to phosphorylation, by the action of sialyltransferases and sialidases thereby changing local structure and function of membrane glycoproteins. We characterized site-specific alteration in sialylation on N-linked glycoproteins in isolated rat nerve terminals after brief depolarization using quantitative sialiomics. We identified 1965 formerly sialylated N-linked glycosites in synaptic proteins and found that the abundances of 430 glycosites changed after 5 s depolarization. We observed changes on essential synaptic proteins such as synaptic vesicle proteins, ion channels and transporters, neurotransmitter receptors and cell adhesion molecules. This study is to our knowledge the first to describe ultra-fast site-specific modulation of the sialiome after brief stimulation of a biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Boll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Pia Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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Fourneau J, Cieniewski-Bernard C, Canu MH, Duban-Deweer S, Hachani J, Bastide B, Dupont E. Optimization of 2-DE and multiplexed detection of O-GlcNAcome, phosphoproteome and whole proteome protocol of synapse-associated proteins within the rat sensorimotor cortex. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 343:108807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Traumatic stress history interacts with sex and chronic peripheral inflammation to alter mitochondrial function of synaptosomes. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:203-219. [PMID: 32389700 PMCID: PMC9380700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposures to chronic stress can lead to long lasting negative behavioral and metabolic outcomes. Here, we aim to determine the impact of chronic stress and chronic low-level inflammation on behavior and synaptosomal metabolism. METHODS Male (n = 31) and female (n = 32) C57Bl/6 mice underwent chronic repeated predation stress or daily handling for two rounds of 15 consecutive days of exposure during the adolescent and early adult timeframes. Subsequently, mice were exposed to repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 7.5 × 105 EU/kg) or saline injections every third day for eight weeks. Exploratory and social behaviors were assessed in the open field and social interaction tests prior to examination of learning and memory with the Barnes Maze. Mitochondrial function and morphology were assessed in synaptosomes post-mortem using the Cell Mito Stress test and Seahorse XFe24 analyzer, TEM, and western analysis, respectively. In addition, expression of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and ROMO1 were examined in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex with Taqman qPCR. Circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the periphery were assessed using the MSD V-plex Proinflammatory Panel 1 following the first and last LPS injection as well as at the time of tissue collection. Circulating ROMO1 was assessed in terminal samples via ELISA. RESULTS Exposure to repeated predatory stress increased time spent in the corners of the open field, suggestive of anxiety-like behavior, in both males and females. There were no significant group differences in the social interaction test and minimal effects were evident in the Barnes maze. A history of chronic stress interacted with chronic LPS in male mice to lead to a deficit in synaptosomal respiration. Female mice were more sensitive to both chronic stress and chronic LPS such that either a history of chronic stress or chronic LPS exposure was sufficient to disrupt synaptosomal respiration in females. Both stress and chronic LPS were sufficient to increase inflammation and reactive oxygen in males centrally and peripherally. Females had increased markers of peripheral inflammation following acute LPS but no evidence of peripheral or central increases in inflammatory factors or reactive oxygen following chronic exposures. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that while metrics of inflammation and reactive oxygen are disrupted in males following chronic stress and chronic LPS, only the combined condition is sufficient to alter synaptosomal respiration. Conversely, although evidence of chronic inflammation or chronic elevation in reactive oxygen is absent, females demonstrate profound shifts in synaptosomal mitochondrial function with either a history of chronic stress or a history of chronic inflammation. These data highlight that different mechanisms are likely in play between the sexes and that sex differences in neural outcomes may be precipitated by sex-specific effects of life experiences on mitochondrial function in the synapse.
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79
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Amirani E, Aghadavod E, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Tabassi Z, Panahandeh I, Naderi F, Abed A. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of thiamin supplements in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2085-2090. [PMID: 32722956 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1779212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of thiamin supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 patients with GDM. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 100 mg/day thiamin supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Thiamin supplementation significantly decreased serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 0.98 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.54, -0.42; p = .001) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β - 0.86 µmol/L; 95% CI, -1.15, -0.57; p < .001) when compared with the placebo. In addition, thiamin supplementation downregulated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p = .002) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with GDM. Thiamin supplementation did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Overall, thiamin supplementation for 6 weeks to patients with GDM significantly reduced hs-CRP and MDA levels, and gene expression of TNF-α, but did not affect other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials.govIdentifier no. http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tabassi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ida Panahandeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naderi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Abed
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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80
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Ahmad F, Liu P. Synaptosome as a tool in Alzheimer's disease research. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147009. [PMID: 32659233 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction is an integral feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. In fact, prodromal manifestation of structural and functional deficits in synapses much prior to appearance of overt pathological hallmarks of the disease indicates that AD might be considered as a degenerative disorder of the synapses. Several research instruments and techniques have allowed us to study synaptic function and plasticity and their alterations in pathological conditions, such as AD. One such tool is the biochemically isolated preparations of detached and resealed synaptic terminals, the "synaptosomes". Because of the preservation of many of the physiological processes such as metabolic and enzymatic activities, synaptosomes have proved to be an indispensable ex vivo model system to study synapse physiology both when isolated from fresh or cryopreserved tissues, and from animal or human post-mortem tissues. This model system has been tremendously successful in the case of post-mortem tissues because of their accessibility relative to acute brain slices or cultures. The current review details the use of synaptosomes in AD research and its potential as a valuable tool in furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis and in devising and testing of therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Nie B, Huang J, Han Z, Chen X, Bai X, Ouyang H. Distinct roles of srGAP3‐Rac1 in the initiation and maintenance phases of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. J Physiol 2020; 598:2415-2430. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
- Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Subo Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Bilin Nie
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Women and Children Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Jingxiu Huang
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhixiao Han
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation. Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Handong Ouyang
- Department of AnesthesiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
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Daneshvar Kakhaki R, Ostadmohammadi V, Kouchaki E, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F, Tamtaji OR, J Reiter R, Mansournia MA, Asemi Z. Melatonin supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic status in Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 195:105878. [PMID: 32417629 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the impact of melatonin supplementation on clinical and metabolic profiles in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 60 patients with PD. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 10 mg melatonin (two melatonin capsules, 5 mg each) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) once a day, 1 h before bedtime for 12 weeks. RESULTS Melatonin supplementation significantly reduced the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part I score (β -2.33; 95% CI, -3.57, -1.09; P < 0.001), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (β -1.82; 95% CI, -3.36, -0.27; P = 0.02), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (β -3.32; 95% CI, -5.23, -1.41; P = 0.001) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (β -2.22; 95% CI, -3.84, -0.60; P = 0.008) compared with the placebo treatment. Compared with the placebo, melatonin supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β -0.94 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.55, -0.32; P = 0.003) and a significant elevation in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 108.09 mmol/L; 95% CI, 78.21, 137.97; P < 0.001) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (β 77.08 μmol/L; 95% CI, 44.29, 109.86; P < 0.001). Additionally, consuming melatonin significantly decreased serum insulin levels (β -1.79 μIU/mL; 95% CI, -3.12, -0.46; P = 0.009), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β -0.47; 95% CI, -0.80, -0.13; P = 0.007), total- (β -13.16 mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.14, -1.17; P = 0.03) and LDL- (β -10.44 mg/dL; 95% CI, -20.55, -0.34; P = 0.04) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, melatonin supplementation for 12 weeks to patients with PD had favorable effects on the UPDRS part I score, PSQI, BDI, BAI, hs-CRP, TAC, GSH, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, total-, LDL-cholesterol, and gene expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γ and LDLR, but did not affect other metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Daneshvar Kakhaki
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouchaki
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science, Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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83
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Han W, Li J, Pelkey KA, Pandey S, Chen X, Wang YX, Wu K, Ge L, Li T, Castellano D, Liu C, Wu LG, Petralia RS, Lynch JW, McBain CJ, Lu W. Shisa7 is a GABA A receptor auxiliary subunit controlling benzodiazepine actions. Science 2020; 366:246-250. [PMID: 31601770 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The function and pharmacology of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are of great physiological and clinical importance and have long been thought to be determined by the channel pore-forming subunits. We discovered that Shisa7, a single-passing transmembrane protein, localizes at GABAergic inhibitory synapses and interacts with GABAARs. Shisa7 controls receptor abundance at synapses and speeds up the channel deactivation kinetics. Shisa7 also potently enhances the action of diazepam, a classic benzodiazepine, on GABAARs. Genetic deletion of Shisa7 selectively impairs GABAergic transmission and diminishes the effects of diazepam in mice. Our data indicate that Shisa7 regulates GABAAR trafficking, function, and pharmacology and reveal a previously unknown molecular interaction that modulates benzodiazepine action in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Pelkey
- Cellular and Synaptic Neuroscience Section, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiumin Chen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kunwei Wu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lihao Ge
- Synaptic Transmission Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tianming Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Castellano
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenetic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ling-Gang Wu
- Synaptic Transmission Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph W Lynch
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chris J McBain
- Cellular and Synaptic Neuroscience Section, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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84
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Yang N, Li Z, Han D, Mi X, Tian M, Liu T, Li Y, He J, Kuang C, Cao Y, Li L, Ni C, Wang JQ, Guo X. Autophagy prevents hippocampal α-synuclein oligomerization and early cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia/surgery in aged rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7262-7281. [PMID: 32335546 PMCID: PMC7202547 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced α-synuclein aggregation, especially the most toxic species (oligomers), may precede synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. Under pathological conditions, α-synuclein is degraded primarily through the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. We assessed the involvement of autophagy in α-synuclein aggregation and cognitive impairment following general anesthesia and surgical stress. Autophagy was found to be suppressed in the aged rat hippocampus after either 4-h propofol anesthesia alone or 2-h propofol anesthesia during a laparotomy surgery. This inhibition of autophagy was accompanied by profound α-synuclein oligomer aggregation and neurotransmitter imbalances in the hippocampus, along with hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits. These events were not observed 18 weeks after propofol exposure with or without surgical stress. The pharmacological induction of autophagy using rapamycin markedly suppressed α-synuclein oligomerization, restored neurotransmitter equilibrium, and improved cognitive behavior after prolonged anesthesia or anesthesia combined with surgery. Thus, both prolonged propofol anesthesia alone and propofol anesthesia during surgery impaired autophagy, which may have induced abnormal hippocampal α-synuclein aggregation and neurobehavioral deficits in aged rats. These findings suggest that the activation of autophagy and the clearance of pathological α-synuclein oligomers may be novel strategies to ameliorate the common occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dengyang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs Editorial Office, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jindan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chongshen Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated with Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lunxu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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85
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Brüning F, Noya SB, Bange T, Koutsouli S, Rudolph JD, Tyagarajan SK, Cox J, Mann M, Brown SA, Robles MS. Sleep-wake cycles drive daily dynamics of synaptic phosphorylation. Science 2020; 366:366/6462/eaav3617. [PMID: 31601740 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock drives daily changes of physiology, including sleep-wake cycles, through regulation of transcription, protein abundance, and function. Circadian phosphorylation controls cellular processes in peripheral organs, but little is known about its role in brain function and synaptic activity. We applied advanced quantitative phosphoproteomics to mouse forebrain synaptoneurosomes isolated across 24 hours, accurately quantifying almost 8000 phosphopeptides. Half of the synaptic phosphoproteins, including numerous kinases, had large-amplitude rhythms peaking at rest-activity and activity-rest transitions. Bioinformatic analyses revealed global temporal control of synaptic function through phosphorylation, including synaptic transmission, cytoskeleton reorganization, and excitatory/inhibitory balance. Sleep deprivation abolished 98% of all phosphorylation cycles in synaptoneurosomes, indicating that sleep-wake cycles rather than circadian signals are main drivers of synaptic phosphorylation, responding to both sleep and wake pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Brüning
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.,Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sara B Noya
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Bange
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stella Koutsouli
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jan D Rudolph
- Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Cox
- Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria S Robles
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
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86
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von Kügelgen N, Chekulaeva M. Conservation of a core neurite transcriptome across neuronal types and species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1590. [PMID: 32059075 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular localization of mRNAs allows neurons to control gene expression in neurite extensions (axons and dendrites) and respond rapidly to local stimuli. This plays an important role in diverse processes including neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity, which in turn serves as a foundation for learning and memory. Recent high-throughput analyses have revealed that neurites contain hundreds to thousands of mRNAs, but an analysis comparing the transcriptomes derived from these studies has been lacking. Here we analyze 20 datasets pertaining to neuronal mRNA localization across species and neuronal types and identify a conserved set of mRNAs that had robustly localized to neurites in a high number of the studies. The set includes mRNAs encoding for ribosomal proteins and other components of the translation machinery, mitochondrial proteins, cytoskeletal components, and proteins associated with neurite formation. Our combinatorial analysis provides a unique resource for future hypothesis-driven research. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai von Kügelgen
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Chekulaeva
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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87
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Interaction of Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 with Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2: Functional Impact on the Sphingomyelin Pathway. Neuroscience 2020; 427:1-15. [PMID: 31765623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release is mediated by ceramide, which is generated by sphingomyelin hydrolysis. In the present study, we examined whether synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) is involved in ceramide production and exocytosis. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) was partially purified from bovine brain and we found that SNAP-25 was enriched in the nSMase2-containing fractions. In rat synaptosomes and PC12 cells, the immunoprecipitation pellet of anti-SNAP-25 antibody showed higher nSMase activity than the immunoprecipitation pellet of anti-nSMase2 antibody. In PC12 cells, SNAP-25 was colocalized with nSMase2. Transfection of SNAP-25 small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited nSMase2 translocation to the plasma membrane. A23187-induced ceramide production was concomitantly reduced in SNAP-25 siRNA-transfected PC12 cells compared with that in scrambled siRNA-transfected cells. Moreover, transfection of SNAP-25 siRNA inhibited dopamine release, whereas addition of C6-ceramide to the siRNA-treated cells moderately reversed this inhibition. Additionally, nSMase2 inhibition reduced dopamine release. Collectively, our results indicate that SNAP-25 interacts with nSMase2 during ceramide production, which mediates exocytosis and neurotransmitter release.
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88
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Heidar Z, Hamzepour N, Zadeh Modarres S, Mirzamoradi M, Aghadavod E, Pourhanifeh MH, Asemi Z. The Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Clinical Symptoms and Gene Expression Related to Inflammation and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Infertile Women Candidate for In Vitro Fertilization. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:319-325. [PMID: 30963410 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of selenium supplementation on clinical symptoms and gene expression related to inflammatory markers in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were candidate for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Thirty-six women candidate for IVF were recruited in this randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. They (n = 18/group) were randomly assigned into intervention groups to take either 200 μg/day of selenium or placebo for 8 weeks. RT-PCR findings indicated that selenium supplementation downregulated gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P < 0.004) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.02) in lymphocytes of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo. In addition, selenium supplementation upregulated gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.001) in lymphocytes of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo. Selenium supplementation had no significant effect on clinical symptoms and gene expression of IL-8 (P = 0.10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.63). Overall, our findings documented that selenium supplementation for 8 weeks to infertile women candidate for IVF improved IL-1, TNF-α, and VEGF gene expression, though selenium had no effect on clinical symptoms and, IL-8 and TGF-β gene expression. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidar
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Hamzepour
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Zadeh Modarres
- Laser Application in Medical Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Mirzamoradi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
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89
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Kaczmarczyk M, Regen F, Heuser I, Bajbouj M, Hellmann-Regen J. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: implications for inter-train interval and frequency. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:119-126. [PMID: 30560291 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a neuromodulation technique that stimulates cortical regions via time-varying electromagnetic fields; in several countries this technique has been approved as a treatment for major depressive disorder. One empirically established target in antidepressant pharmacotherapy is the flavin-containing monoamine oxidoreductase (MAO). The function of MAO enzymes is based on oxidation processes that may be sensitive towards strong electromagnetic fields. Therefore, we hypothesized that rTMS-induced electromagnetic fields impact the activity of this enzyme. Using crude synaptosomal cell preparations from human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and rat cortex as well as viable cells, we assessed the effects of rTMS on MAO-A and -B activity in a well-controlled in vitro set up. In short, samples were stimulated at maximal intensity with an equal number of total stimuli at frequencies of 5, 20, and 100 Hz. Sham stimulation was performed in parallel. Treatment at frequencies of 5 and 20 Hz significantly decreased mainly MAO-B activity in all tissue preparations and species, whereas 100 Hz stimulation remained without effect on any MAO activity. Our results support the hypothesis, that rTMS-induced electromagnetic fields affect MAO activity and provide further evidence for intracellular effects possibly contributing to therapeutic effects of this neuromodulatory method. On a cautionary note, however, our findings are solely based on in vitro evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaczmarczyk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Francesca Regen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malek Bajbouj
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hellmann-Regen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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90
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Gharami K, Biswas SC. Glutamate treatment mimics LTP- and LTD-like biochemical activity in viable synaptosome preparation. Neurochem Int 2020; 134:104655. [PMID: 31899196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are considered to be the cellular mechanisms behind the increase or decrease of synaptic strength respectively. Electrophysiologically induced LTP/LTD is associated with the activation of glutamate receptors in the synaptic terminals resulting in the initiation of biochemical processes in the postsynaptic terminals and thus propagation of synaptic activity. Isolated nerve endings i.e. synaptosome preparation was used to study here, the biochemical phenotypes of LTP and LTD, and glutamate treatment in varying concentration for different time was used to induce those biochemical phenomena. Treatment with 200 μM glutamate showed increased GluA1 phosphorylation at serine 831 and activation of CaMKIIα by phosphorylation at threonine 286 like LTP, whereas 100 μM glutamate treatment showed decrease in GluA1 phosphorylation level at both pGluA1(S831) and pGluA1(S845), and activation of GSK3β by de-phosphorylating pGSK3β at serine 9 like LTD. The 200 μM glutamate treatment was associated with an increase in the local translation of Arc, BDNF, CaMKIIα and Homer1, whereas 100 μM glutamate treatments resulted in decrease in the level of the said synaptic proteins and the effect was blocked by the proteasomal inhibitor, Lactasystin. Both, the local translation and local degradation was sensitive to the Ca2+ chellator, Bapta-AM, indicating that both the phenomena were dependent on the rise in intra-synaptosomal Ca2+, like LTP and LTD. Overall the results of the present study suggest that synaptosomal preparations can be a viable alternative to study mechanisms underlying the biochemical activities of LTP/LTD in short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusumika Gharami
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Li X, Wang L, Cykowski M, He T, Liu T, Chakranarayan J, Rivera A, Zhao H, Powell S, Xia W, Wong STC. OCIAD1 contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease by inducing mitochondria dysfunction, neuronal vulnerability and synaptic damages. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102569. [PMID: 31931285 PMCID: PMC6957876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperamyloidosis in the brain is known as the earliest neuropathological change and a unique etiological factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), while progressive neurodegeneration in certain vulnerable brain regions forms the basis of clinical syndromes. It is not clear how early hyperamyloidosis is implicated in progressive neurodegeneration and what factors contribute to the selective brain vulnerability in AD. METHODS Bioinformatics and experimental neurobiology methods were integrated to identify novel factors involved in the hyperamyloidosis-induced brain vulnerability in AD. We first examined neurodegeneration-specific gene signatures from sporadic AD patients and synaptic protein changes in young transgenic AD mice. Then, we systematically assessed the association of a top candidate gene with AD and investigated its mechanistic role in neurodegeneration. FINDINGS We identified the ovary-orientated protein OCIAD1 (Ovarian-Carcinoma-Immunoreactive-Antigen-Domain-Containing-1) as a neurodegeneration-associated factor for AD. Higher levels of OCIAD1, found in vulnerable brain areas and dystrophic neurites, were correlated with disease severity. Multiple early AD pathological events, particularly Aβ/GSK-3β signaling, elevate OCIAD1, which in turn interacts with BCL-2 to impair mitochondrial function and facilitates mitochondria-associated neuronal injury. Notably, elevated OCIAD1 by Aβ increases cell susceptibility to other AD pathological challenges. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that OCIAD1 contributes to neurodegeneration in AD by impairing mitochondria function, and subsequently leading to neuronal vulnerability, and synaptic damages. FUNDING Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Foundation, John S Dunn Research Foundation, Cure Alzheimer's Fund, and NIH R01AG057635 to STCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Informatics Development, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Cykowski
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiancheng He
- Department of Informatics Development, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Liu
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua Chakranarayan
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andreana Rivera
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suzanne Powell
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Informatics Development, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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92
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Tamtaji OR, Heidari-soureshjani R, Mirhosseini N, Kouchaki E, Bahmani F, Aghadavod E, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Asemi Z. Probiotic and selenium co-supplementation, and the effects on clinical, metabolic and genetic status in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2569-2575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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93
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A Mutation in Hnrnph1 That Decreases Methamphetamine-Induced Reinforcement, Reward, and Dopamine Release and Increases Synaptosomal hnRNP H and Mitochondrial Proteins. J Neurosci 2019; 40:107-130. [PMID: 31704785 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1808-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual variation in the addiction liability of amphetamines has a heritable genetic component. We previously identified Hnrnph1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1) as a quantitative trait gene underlying decreased methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in mice. Here, we showed that mice (both females and males) with a heterozygous mutation in the first coding exon of Hnrnph1 (H1+/-) showed reduced methamphetamine reinforcement and intake and dose-dependent changes in methamphetamine reward as measured via conditioned place preference. Furthermore, H1+/- mice showed a robust decrease in methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the NAc with no change in baseline extracellular dopamine, striatal whole-tissue dopamine, dopamine transporter protein, dopamine uptake, or striatal methamphetamine and amphetamine metabolite levels. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot staining of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and their forebrain projections for TH did not reveal any major changes in staining intensity, cell number, or forebrain puncta counts. Surprisingly, there was a twofold increase in hnRNP H protein in the striatal synaptosome of H1+/- mice with no change in whole-tissue levels. To gain insight into the mechanisms linking increased synaptic hnRNP H with decreased methamphetamine-induced dopamine release and behaviors, synaptosomal proteomic analysis identified an increased baseline abundance of several mitochondrial complex I and V proteins that rapidly decreased at 30 min after methamphetamine administration in H1+/- mice. In contrast, the much lower level of basal synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins in WT mice showed a rapid increase. We conclude that H1+/- decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release, reward, and reinforcement and induces dynamic changes in basal and methamphetamine-induced synaptic mitochondrial function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Methamphetamine dependence is a significant public health concern with no FDA-approved treatment. We discovered a role for the RNA binding protein hnRNP H in methamphetamine reward and reinforcement. Hnrnph1 mutation also blunted methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the NAc, a key neurochemical event contributing to methamphetamine addiction liability. Finally, Hnrnph1 mutants showed a marked increase in basal level of synaptosomal hnRNP H and mitochondrial proteins that decreased in response to methamphetamine, whereas WT mice showed a methamphetamine-induced increase in synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins. Thus, we identified a potential role for hnRNP H in basal and dynamic mitochondrial function that informs methamphetamine-induced cellular adaptations associated with reduced addiction liability.
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94
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Alevra M, Mandad S, Ischebeck T, Urlaub H, Rizzoli SO, Fornasiero EF. A mass spectrometry workflow for measuring protein turnover rates in vivo. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:3333-3365. [PMID: 31685960 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are continually produced and degraded, to avoid the accumulation of old or damaged molecules and to maintain the efficiency of physiological processes. Despite its importance, protein turnover has been difficult to measure in vivo. Previous approaches to evaluating turnover in vivo have required custom labeling approaches, involved complex mass spectrometry (MS) analyses, or used comparative strategies that do not allow direct quantitative measurements. Here, we describe a robust protocol for quantitative proteome turnover analysis in mice that is based on a commercially available diet for stable isotope labeling of amino acids in mammals (SILAM). We start by discussing fundamental concepts of protein turnover, including different methodological approaches. We then cover in detail the practical aspects of metabolic labeling and explain both the experimental and computational steps that must be taken to obtain accurate in vivo results. Finally, we present a simple experimental workflow that enables measurement of precise turnover rates in a time frame of ~4-5 weeks, including the labeling time. We also provide all the scripts needed for the interpretation of the MS results and for comparing turnover across different conditions. Overall, the workflow presented here comprises several improvements in the determination of protein lifetimes with respect to other available methods, including a minimally invasive labeling strategy and a robust interpretation of MS results, thus enhancing reproducibility across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Alevra
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology & Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sunit Mandad
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology & Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology & Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology & Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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95
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Simbriger K, Amorim IS, Chalkiadaki K, Lach G, Jafarnejad SM, Khoutorsky A, Gkogkas CG. Monitoring translation in synaptic fractions using a ribosome profiling strategy. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 329:108456. [PMID: 31610213 PMCID: PMC6899497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome profiling in synaptosomes. Transcriptome and translatome profiling from synaptic fractions. Powerful tool to study local translation at the synapse.
Background The aim of this study was to develop a method to study genome-wide local translation in biochemically isolated synaptic fractions (synaptoneurosomes). This methodology is of particular interest for neurons, due to the cardinal role of local translational control in neuronal sub-compartments, such as dendrites, for plasticity, learning, memory, and for disorders of the nervous system. New method We combined established methods for purifying synaptoneurosomes with translational profiling (ribosome profiling), a method that employs unbiased next generation sequencing to simultaneously assess transcription and translation in a single sample. Results The two existing methods are compatible to use in combination and yield high quality sequencing data, which are specific to synaptic compartments. This new protocol provides an easy to implement workflow, which combines biochemical isolation of synaptoneurosomes of varying levels of purity (crude or Percoll gradient purified) with the use of a commercial kit to generate sequencing libraries. Comparison with existing methods Compared to previous studies of the synaptic translatome, our method shows less contamination with non-neuronal cell types or non-synaptic compartments, increasing the specificity of the data obtained. Conclusions Combining the isolation of functional synaptic units with ribosome profiling offers a powerful tool to study local translation in synaptic compartments both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Simbriger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Patrick Wild Centre, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Inês S Amorim
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Patrick Wild Centre, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kleanthi Chalkiadaki
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Patrick Wild Centre, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Gilliard Lach
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Patrick Wild Centre, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT9 7AE, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Dentistry and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, H3A 0G1, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Patrick Wild Centre, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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96
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Noya SB, Colameo D, Brüning F, Spinnler A, Mircsof D, Opitz L, Mann M, Tyagarajan SK, Robles MS, Brown SA. The forebrain synaptic transcriptome is organized by clocks but its proteome is driven by sleep. Science 2019; 366:366/6462/eaav2642. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons have adapted mechanisms to traffic RNA and protein into distant dendritic and axonal arbors. Taking a biochemical approach, we reveal that forebrain synaptic transcript accumulation shows overwhelmingly daily rhythms, with two-thirds of synaptic transcripts showing time-of-day–dependent abundance independent of oscillations in the soma. These transcripts formed two sharp temporal and functional clusters, with transcripts preceding dawn related to metabolism and translation and those anticipating dusk related to synaptic transmission. Characterization of the synaptic proteome around the clock demonstrates the functional relevance of temporal gating for synaptic processes and energy homeostasis. Unexpectedly, sleep deprivation completely abolished proteome but not transcript oscillations. Altogether, the emerging picture is one of a circadian anticipation of messenger RNA needs in the synapse followed by translation as demanded by sleep-wake cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Noya
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Colameo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Brüning
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Germany
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Spinnler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Mircsof
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich–Eidgenosissche Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Clinical Proteomics Group, Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shiva K. Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria S. Robles
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Steven A. Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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97
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Jay TR, von Saucken VE, Muñoz B, Codocedo JF, Atwood BK, Lamb BT, Landreth GE. TREM2 is required for microglial instruction of astrocytic synaptic engulfment in neurodevelopment. Glia 2019; 67:1873-1892. [PMID: 31265185 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the microglial receptor TREM2 confer risk for multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains unknown how this receptor functions on microglia to modulate these diverse neuropathologies. To understand the role of TREM2 on microglia more generally, we investigated changes in microglial function in Trem2-/- mice. We found that loss of TREM2 impairs normal neurodevelopment, resulting in reduced synapse number across the cortex and hippocampus in 1-month-old mice. This reduction in synapse number was not due directly to alterations in interactions between microglia and synapses. Rather, TREM2 was required for microglia to limit synaptic engulfment by astrocytes during development. While these changes were largely normalized later in adulthood, high fat diet administration was sufficient to reinitiate TREM2-dependent modulation of synapse loss. Together, this identifies a novel role for microglia in instructing synaptic pruning by astrocytes to broadly regulate appropriate synaptic refinement, and suggests novel candidate mechanisms for how TREM2 and microglia could influence synaptic loss in brain injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Jay
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Victoria E von Saucken
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Braulio Muñoz
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Juan F Codocedo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gary E Landreth
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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98
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Eshraghi M, Gombar R, De Repentigny Y, Vacratsis PO, Kothary R. Pathologic Alterations in the Proteome of Synaptosomes from a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3042-3051. [PMID: 31262178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a human genetic disorder characterized by muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and death of motor neurons. SMA is caused by mutations or deletions in a gene called survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1). SMN1 is a housekeeping gene, but the most prominent pathologies in SMA are atrophy of myofibers and death of motor neurons. Further, degeneration of neuromuscular junctions, of synapses, and of axonal regions are features of SMA disease. Here, we have investigated the proteome dynamics of central synapses in P14 Smn2B/- mice, a model of SMA. Label-free quantitative proteomics on isolated synaptosomes from spinal cords of these animals identified 2030 protein groups. Statistical data analysis revealed 65 specific alterations in the proteome of the central synapses at the early onset stage of disease. Functional analysis of the dysregulated proteins indicated a significant enrichment of proteins associated with mitochondrial dynamics, cholesterol biogenesis, and protein clearance. These pathways represent potential targets for therapy development with the goal of providing stability to the central synapses, thereby preserving neuronal integrity in the context of SMA disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada.,University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Robert Gombar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Yves De Repentigny
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada
| | - Panayiotis O Vacratsis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada.,University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
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99
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Ghaderi A, Banafshe HR, Mirhosseini N, Motmaen M, Mehrzad F, Bahmani F, Aghadavod E, Mansournia MA, Reiter RJ, Karimi M, Asemi Z. The effects of melatonin supplementation on mental health, metabolic and genetic profiles in patients under methadone maintenance treatment. Addict Biol 2019; 24:754-764. [PMID: 29949232 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This investigation was designed to determine the effect of melatonin supplementation on mental health parameters, metabolic and genetic profiles in patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was conducted among 54 patients under MMT. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mg melatonin (2 melatonin capsules, 5 mg each) (n = 26) or placebo (n = 28) once a day, 1 hour before bedtime for 12 weeks. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (β -4.08; 95 percent CI, -5.51, -2.65; P < 0.001), Beck Depression Inventory index (β -5.46; 95% CI, -8.92, -2.00; P = 0.003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory index (β -3.87; 95% CI, -5.96, -1.77; P = 0.001) and significantly increased International Index of Erectile Functions (β 5.59; 95% CI, 1.76, 9.42; P = 0.005) compared with the placebo. Subjects who received melatonin supplements had significantly lower serum insulin levels (β -2.53; 95% CI, -4.48, -0.59; P = 0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β -0.56; 95% CI, -1.03, -0.09; P = 0.01) and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.01; 95% CI, 0.004, 0.02; P = 0.009) and HDL-cholesterol levels (β 3.71; 95% CI, 1.77, 5.64; P = 0.002) compared to placebo. Additionally, melatonin intake resulted in a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β -0.15; 95% CI, -0.27, -0.02; P = 0.02), malondialdehyde (β -0.31; 95% CI, -0.57, -0.05; P = 0.02) and protein carbonyl (β -0.06; 95% CI, -0.09, -0.04; P < 0.001). This trial indicated that taking melatonin supplements for 12 weeks by patients under MMT had beneficial effects on their mental health metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | | | - Maryam Motmaen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehrzad
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science, Center San Antonio TX USA
| | - Mohammad‐Amin Karimi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic DiseasesKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
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100
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Cytosolic Trapping of a Mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein Is an Early Pathological Event in Synucleinopathies. Cell Rep 2019; 28:65-77.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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