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Kazakou P, Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. Basic Concepts and Hormonal Regulators of the Stress System. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:8-16. [PMID: 35272295 DOI: 10.1159/000523975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human organisms have to cope with a large number of external or internal stressful stimuli that threaten - or are perceived as threatening - their internal dynamic balance or homeostasis. To face these disturbing forces, or stressors, organisms have developed a complex neuroendocrine system, the stress system, which consists of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the locus caeruleus/norepinephrine-autonomic nervous system. SUMMARY Upon exposure to stressors beyond a certain threshold, the activation of the stress system leads to a series of physiological and behavioral adaptations that help achieve homeostasis and increase the chances of survival. When, however, the stress response to stressors is inadequate, excessive, or prolonged, the resultant maladaptation may lead to the development of several stress-related pathologic conditions. Adverse environmental events, especially during critical periods of life, such as prenatal life, childhood, and puberty/adolescence, in combination with the underlying genetic background, may leave deep, long-term epigenetic imprints in the human expressed genome. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we describe the components of the stress system and its functional interactions with other homeostatic systems of the organism; we present the hormonal regulators of the stress response, and we discuss the development of stress-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kazakou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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52
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Vega-Beyhart A, Araujo-Castro M, Hanzu FA, Casals G. Cortisol: Analytical and clinical determinants. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:235-271. [PMID: 36858647 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol, the main human glucocorticoid, is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex and predominantly metabolized by the liver. Interpretation of quantitative results from the analysis of serum, urine and saliva is complicated by variation in circadian rhythm, response to stress as well as the presence of protein-bound and free forms. Interestingly, cortisol is the only hormone routinely measured in serum, urine, and saliva. Preanalytical and analytical challenges arise in each matrix and are further compounded by the use of various stimulation and suppression tests commonly employed in clinical practice. Although not yet included in clinical guidelines, measurement of cortisol in hair may be of interest in specific situations. Immunoassays are the most widely used methods in clinical laboratories to measure cortisol, but they are susceptible to interference from synthetic and endogenous steroids, generally producing a variable overestimation of true cortisol results, especially in urine. Analysis by mass spectrometry provides higher specificity and allows simultaneous measurement of multiple steroids including synthetic steroids, thus reducing diagnostic uncertainty. An integrated review of cortisol in various disease states is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Vega-Beyhart
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Araujo-Castro
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felicia A Hanzu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregori Casals
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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53
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Figueiro MG, Pedler D. Cardiovascular disease and lifestyle choices: Spotlight on circadian rhythms and sleep. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:70-77. [PMID: 36841493 PMCID: PMC10225333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The advent of electric lighting in the built environment has radically transformed the human experience of light and darkness, which is often insufficient to stimulate and synchronize the circadian system to the day-night cycle. The lack of circadian system entrainment leads to poor sleep and could be an important biophysical mechanism underlying increased incidence of certain types of diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). This contribution proposes to carve out a niche for including daily exposures to light and darkness among lifestyle factors for reducing the risk and progression of CVD. The fundamental workings of the human circadian system and its primary outputs are described. The discussion then progresses to light's effects on the circadian system and its outputs, and how threats to circadian health pose risks for CV health. The contribution concludes with simple recommendations for incorporating regular, robust daily exposures in lifestyle adjustments to combat CVD risks and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Figueiro
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America.
| | - David Pedler
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America
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54
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Zhu WZ, He QY, Feng DC, Wei Q, Yang L. Circadian rhythm in prostate cancer: time to take notice of the clock. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:184-191. [PMID: 36073562 PMCID: PMC10069698 DOI: 10.4103/aja202255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an evolutionary molecular product that is associated with better adaptation to changes in the external environment. Disruption of the circadian rhythm plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of many kinds of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Integrating circadian rhythm into PCa research not only brings a closer understanding of the mechanisms of PCa but also provides new and effective options for the precise treatment of patients with PCa. This review begins with patterns of the circadian clock, highlights the role of the disruption of circadian rhythms in PCa at the epidemiological and molecular levels, and discusses possible new approaches to PCa therapy that target the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qi-Ying He
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - De-Chao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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55
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Interplay between Exercise, Circadian Rhythm, and Cardiac Metabolism and Remodeling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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56
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Xia Y, Ding X, Wang S, Ren W. Circadian orchestration of host and gut microbiota in infection. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:115-131. [PMID: 36106627 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost every organism and regulate multiple aspects of biological and physiological processes (e.g. metabolism, immune responses, and microbial exposure). There exists a bidirectional circadian interaction between the host and its gut microbiota, and potential circadian orchestration of both host and gut microbiota in response to invading pathogens. In this review, we summarize what is known about these intestinal microbial oscillations and the relationships between host circadian clocks and various infectious agents (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses), and discuss how host circadian clocks prime the immune system to fight pathogen infections as well as the direct effects of circadian clocks on viral activity (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication). Finally, we consider strategies employed to realign normal circadian rhythmicity for host health, such as chronotherapy, dietary intervention, good sleep hygiene, and gut microbiota-targeted therapy. We propose that targeting circadian rhythmicity may provide therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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57
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Li Y, Haynes P, Zhang SL, Yue Z, Sehgal A. Ecdysone acts through cortex glia to regulate sleep in Drosophila. eLife 2023; 12:e81723. [PMID: 36719183 PMCID: PMC9928426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are attractive candidates for transmitting long-range signals to affect behavior. These lipid-soluble molecules derived from dietary cholesterol easily penetrate the brain and act through nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) that function as transcription factors. To determine the extent to which NHRs affect sleep:wake cycles, we knocked down each of the 18 highly conserved NHRs found in Drosophila adults and report that the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its direct downstream NHR Eip75B (E75) act in glia to regulate the rhythm and amount of sleep. Given that ecdysone synthesis genes have little to no expression in the fly brain, ecdysone appears to act as a long-distance signal and our data suggest that it enters the brain more at night. Anti-EcR staining localizes to the cortex glia in the brain and functional screening of glial subtypes revealed that EcR functions in adult cortex glia to affect sleep. Cortex glia are implicated in lipid metabolism, which appears to be relevant for actions of ecdysone as ecdysone treatment mobilizes lipid droplets (LDs), and knockdown of glial EcR results in more LDs. In addition, sleep-promoting effects of exogenous ecdysone are diminished in lsd-2 mutant flies, which are lean and deficient in lipid accumulation. We propose that ecdysone is a systemic secreted factor that modulates sleep by stimulating lipid metabolism in cortex glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Paula Haynes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Zhifeng Yue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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58
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Teeple K, Rajput P, Gonzalez M, Han-Hallett Y, Fernández-Juricic E, Casey T. High fat diet induces obesity, alters eating pattern and disrupts corticosterone circadian rhythms in female ICR mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279209. [PMID: 36662804 PMCID: PMC9858401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian, metabolic, and reproductive systems are inter-regulated. Excessive fatness and circadian disruption alter normal physiology and the endocrine milieu, including cortisol, the primary stress hormone. Our aim was to determine the effect feeding a high fat diet to female ICR mice had on diurnal feeding pattern, weight gain, body composition, hair corticosterone levels and circadian patterns of fecal corticosterone. Prepubertal (~35d of age) ICR mice were assigned to control (CON; 10% fat) or high fat (HF; 60% fat) diet and fed for 4 wk to achieve obesity under 12h light and 12h of dark. Feed intake was measured twice daily to determine diurnal intake. Mice were weighed weekly. After 4 wk on diets hair was collected to measure corticosterone, crown-rump length was measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), and body composition was measured with EchoMRI to determine percent fat. HF mice weighed more (P<0.05) after week two, BMI and percent body fat was greater (P<0.05) in HF than CON at the end of wk 4. HF mice consumed more during the day (P<0.05) than CON mice after 1 week on diets. Hair corticosterone was higher in HF mice than in CON (P<0.05). Fecal circadian sampling over 48hr demonstrated that HF mice had elevated basal corticosterone, attenuated circadian rhythms, and a shift in amplitude. High fat feeding for diet induced obesity alters circadian eating pattern and corticosterone rhythms, indicating a need to consider the impact of circadian system disruption on reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Teeple
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Prabha Rajput
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Neurotherapeutics Lab, Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yu Han-Hallett
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Esteban Fernández-Juricic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Huang C, Zhang C, Cao Y, Li J, Bi F. Major roles of the circadian clock in cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0474. [PMID: 36647780 PMCID: PMC9843445 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are natural rhythms that widely exist in all creatures, and regulate the processes and physiological functions of various biochemical reactions. The circadian clock is critical for cancer occurrence and progression. Its function is regulated by metabolic activities, and the expression and transcription of various genes. This review summarizes the composition of the circadian clock; the biological basis for its function; its relationship with, and mechanisms in, cancer; its various functions in different cancers; the effects of anti-tumor treatment; and potential therapeutic targets. Research in this area is expected to advance understanding of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) in tumor diseases, and contribute to the development of new anti-tumor treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jian Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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Hatamoto Y, Tanoue Y, Yoshimura E, Matsumoto M, Hayashi T, Ogata H, Tanaka S, Tanaka H, Higaki Y. Delayed Eating Schedule Raises Mean Glucose Levels in Young Adult Males: a Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:1029-1037. [PMID: 36858920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misalignment of meals to the biological clock may cause adverse effects on glucose metabolism. However, the effects of repeated different eating schedules (early compared with late) on glucose concentration throughout the day are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of different eating schedules on the 24-h glucose response using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). METHODS Eight young adult males (age, 20.9 ± 3.4 y; body mass index: 21.3 ± 1.8 kg/m2) each followed 2 different eating schedules (early [08:30, 13:30, and 19:30] and late [12:00, 17:00, and 23:00]) in random order. These diet interventions were conducted for 8 d, with an experimental period of 3 d and 2 nights (from dinner on day 7) after 7 d of free living. The 3 meals in each intervention were nutritionally equivalent (55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat). The 24-h mean interstitial glucose concentration on day 8 was obtained under controlled conditions using the CGM (primary outcome). These concentrations were compared among the following 3 schedules using Dunnett's test, with the early eating schedule as reference (1 compared with 2 and 1 compared with 3): 1) early eating schedule (control), 2) late eating schedule according to the clock time (08:00 on day 8 to 08:00 on day 9), and 3) late eating schedule according to the time elapsed since the first meal for 24 h. RESULTS The 24-h mean ± SD interstitial glucose concentrations when participants followed the late eating schedule were higher than those when they followed the early eating schedule in terms of clock time (91.2 ± 2.9 compared with 99.2 ± 4.6 mg/dL, P = 0.003) and time elapsed (91.2 ± 2.9 compared with 98.3 ± 3.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A late eating schedule increases the mean 24-h interstitial glucose concentration in young adult males. This insight will have useful implications in determining meal timings, especially for those with conditions such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukiya Tanoue
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan; Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Research Organization of Science and Technology, Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
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Zeb F, Osaili T, Obaid RS, Naja F, Radwan H, Cheikh Ismail L, Hasan H, Hashim M, Alam I, Sehar B, Faris ME. Gut Microbiota and Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating: A Targeted Biomarker and Approach in Precision Nutrition. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020259. [PMID: 36678130 PMCID: PMC9863108 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Each individual has a unique gut microbiota; therefore, the genes in our microbiome outnumber the genes in our genome by about 150 to 1. Perturbation in host nutritional status influences gut microbiome composition and vice versa. The gut microbiome can help in producing vitamins, hormones, and other active metabolites that support the immune system; harvest energy from food; aid in digestion; protect against pathogens; improve gut transit and function; send signals to the brain and other organs; oscillate the circadian rhythm; and coordinate with the host metabolism through multiple cellular pathways. Gut microbiota can be influenced by host genetics, medications, diet, and lifestyle factors from preterm to aging. Aligning with precision nutrition, identifying a personalized microbiome mandates the provision of the right nutrients at the right time to the right patient. Thus, before prescribing a personalized treatment, it is crucial to monitor and count the gut flora as a focused biomarker. Many nutritional approaches that have been developed help in maintaining and restoring an optimal microbiome such as specific diet therapy, nutrition interventions, and customized eating patterns. One of these approaches is time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/E), a type of intermittent fasting (IF) in which a subject abstains from food intake for a specific time window. Such a dietary modification might alter and restore the gut microbiome for proper alignment of cellular and molecular pathways throughout the lifespan. In this review, we have highlighted that the gut microbiota would be a targeted biomarker and TRF/E would be a targeted approach for restoring the gut-microbiome-associated molecular pathways such as hormonal signaling, the circadian system, metabolic regulators, neural responses, and immune-inflammatory pathways. Consequently, modulation of the gut microbiota through TRF/E could contribute to proper utilization and availability of the nutrients and in this way confer protection against diseases for harnessing personalized nutrition approaches to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falak Zeb
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-524236417
| | - Tareq Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Reyad Shakir Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayder Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Peshawar 24540, KP, Pakistan
| | - Bismillah Sehar
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
| | - MoezAllslam Ezzat Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Morton AJ. Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction in Animal Models of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:133-148. [PMID: 37334613 PMCID: PMC10473141 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian disruption affects most individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) at some stage in their lives. Sleep and circadian dysregulation are also present in many mouse and the sheep models of HD. Here I review evidence for sleep and/or circadian dysfunction in HD transgenic animal models and discuss two key questions: 1) How relevant are such findings to people with HD, and 2) Whether or not therapeutic interventions that ameliorate deficits in animal models of HD might translate to meaningful therapies for people with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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63
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Chen X, Yang J, Lv H, Che J, Wang J, Zhang B, Shang P. The potential benefits of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of bone loss in response to microgravity. ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2023; 202:48-57. [DOI: org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
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64
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Zhang C, Qin G. Irregular sleep and cardiometabolic risk: Clinical evidence and mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1059257. [PMID: 36873401 PMCID: PMC9981680 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1059257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep regularity is an essential part of the multidimensional sleep health framework. The phenomenon of irregular sleep patterns is widespread in contemporary lifestyles. This review synthesizes clinical evidence to summarize the measures of sleep regularity and discusses the role of different sleep regularity indicators in developing cardiometabolic diseases (coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes). Existing literature has proposed several measurements to assess sleep regularity, mainly including the standard deviation (SD) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index (SRI), interdaily stability (IS), and social jetlag (SJL). Evidence on associations between sleep variability and cardiometabolic diseases varies depending on the measure used to characterize variability in sleep. Current studies have identified a robust association between SRI and cardiometabolic diseases. In comparison, the association between other metrics of sleep regularity and cardiometabolic diseases was mixed. Meanwhile, the associations of sleep variability with cardiometabolic diseases differ across the population. SD of sleep characteristics or IS may be more consistently associated with HbA1c in patients with diabetes compared with the general population. The association between SJL and hypertension for patients with diabetes was more accordant than in the general population. Interestingly, the age-stratified association between SJL and metabolic factors was observed in the present studies. Furthermore, the relevant literature was reviewed to generalize the potential mechanisms through which irregular sleep increases cardiometabolic risk, including circadian dysfunction, inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disorder, and gut dysbiosis. Health-related practitioners should give more attention to the role of sleep regularity on human cardiometabolic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Young ME, Latimer MN. Circadian rhythms in cardiac metabolic flexibility. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:13-26. [PMID: 34162286 PMCID: PMC8695643 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1939366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous aspects of cardiovascular physiology (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) and pathology (e.g., myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death) exhibit time-of-day-dependency. In association with day-night differences in energetic demand and substrate availability, the healthy heart displays remarkable metabolic flexibility through temporal partitioning of the metabolic fate of common substrates (glucose, lipid, amino acids). The purpose of this review is to highlight the contribution that circadian clocks provide toward 24-hr fluctuations in cardiac metabolism and to discuss whether attenuation and/or augmentation of these metabolic rhythms through adjustment of nutrient intake timing impacts cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Lages M, Barros R, Carmo-Silva S, Guarino MP. Linking dietary intake, circadian biomarkers, and clock genes on obesity: A study protocol. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1134789. [PMID: 37113302 PMCID: PMC10126511 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1134789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and although this is a complex disease, the screening is made simply with the value of the Body Mass Index. This index only considers weight and height, being limited in portraying the multiple existing obesity phenotypes. The characterization of the chronotype and circadian system as an innovative phenotype of a patient's form of obesity is gaining increasing importance for the development of novel and pinpointed nutritional interventions. Objective The present study is a prospective observational controlled study conducted in Portugal, aiming to characterize the chronotype and determine its relation to the phenotype and dietary patterns of patients with obesity and healthy participants. Methods Adults with obesity (study group) and healthy adults (control group), aged between 18 and 75, will be enrolled in this study. Data will be collected to characterize the chronotype, dietary intake, and sleep quality through validated questionnaires. Body composition will also be assessed, and blood samples will be collected to quantify circadian and metabolic biomarkers. Discussion This study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of obesity and dietary intake on circadian biomarkers and, therefore, increase scientific evidence to help future therapeutic interventions based on chronobiology, with a particular focus on nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lages
- ciTechCare—Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Barros
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Carmo-Silva
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Maria P. Guarino
- ciTechCare—Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- ESSLei, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Maria P. Guarino,
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Yokomizo T, Takahashi Y. Endogenous rhythm variation and adaptation to the tidal environment in the freshwater snail, Semisulcospira reiniana. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1078234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have endogenous timekeeping system(s) to coordinate their biological processes with environmental cycles, allowing adaptation to external rhythmic changes in their environment. The change in endogenous rhythms could contribute to range expansion in a novel rhythmic environment. We hypothesized that populations of the freshwater snail near estuaries show a circatidal rhythm to synchronize with the tidal cycle. We compared the behavioral and gene expression rhythms between non-tidal and tidal populations of the freshwater snail, Semisulcospira reiniana. Individuals inhabiting tidal areas exhibited a rhythmic activity pattern coordinated with the tidal cycle under both field and laboratory conditions, but individuals inhabiting upstream non-tidal areas showed a circadian activity pattern. The proportion of circadian oscillating genes was greater in non-tidal than in tidal individuals, while that of circatidal oscillating genes was greater in tidal than in non-tidal individuals. Additionally, transcriptome-wide population genetic analyses revealed that these two adjacent populations can be clearly distinguished genetically, though the genetic distance was very small. Our results provide evidence of the shift in an endogenous rhythm via range expansion to a novel rhythmic environment. The changes in a small number of genes and/or phenotypic plasticity may contribute to the difference in the endogenous rhythms between non-tidal and tidal populations.
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Contreras-Correa ZE, Cochran T, Metcalfe A, Burnett DD, Lemley CO. Seasonal and temporal variation in the placenta during melatonin supplementation in a bovine compromised pregnancy model. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac372. [PMID: 36370127 PMCID: PMC9762882 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised pregnancies result in a poorly functioning placenta restricting the amount of oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Supplementing dietary melatonin during a compromised pregnancy increased uteroplacental blood flow and prevented IUGR in a seasonal-dependent manner. The objectives were to evaluate seasonal melatonin-mediated changes in temporal alterations of the bovine placental vascularity and transcript abundance of clock genes, angiogenic factors, and nutrient sensing genes in 54 underfed pregnant Brangus heifers (Fall, n = 29; Summer, n = 25). At day 160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to treatments consisting of adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% NRC; n = 13), nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC; n = 13), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg/d of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 13; RES-MEL, n = 15). The animals were fed daily at 0900 hours until day 240 where Cesarean sections were performed in the morning (0500 hours) or afternoon (1300 hours) for placentome collections. In both seasons, we observed a temporal alteration of the core clock genes in the cotyledonary tissue in a season-dependent manner. In the fall, ARNTL, CLOCK, NR1D1, and RORA transcript abundance were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the afternoon compared to the morning; whereas in the summer, ARNTL, PER2, and RORA expression were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the afternoon. Interestingly, in both seasons, there was a concomitant temporal increase (P ≤ 0.05) of cotyledonary blood vessel perfusion and caruncular melatonin receptor 1A transcript abundance. Melatonin supplementation did not alter the melatonin receptor 1A transcript abundance (P > 0.05), however, in the summer, melatonin supplementation increased cotyledonary VEGFA, CRY1, and RORA (P ≤ 0.05) transcript abundance. In addition, during the summer the placentomes from underfed dams had increased average capillary size and HIF1α transcript abundance compared to those adequately fed (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, these data indicate increased cotyledonary blood vessel size and blood distribution after feeding to better facilitate nutrient transport. Interestingly, the maternal nutritional plane appears to play a crucial role in regulating the bovine placental circadian clock. Based on these findings, the regulation of angiogenic factors and clock genes in the bovine placenta appears to be an underlying mechanism of the therapeutic effect of dietary melatonin supplementation in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Taylor Cochran
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Abbie Metcalfe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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Verde L, Barrea L, Vetrani C, Frias-Toral E, Chapela SP, Jayawardena R, de Alteriis G, Docimo A, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Obesity: How Do They Change After Menopause? Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:254-262. [PMID: 36053414 PMCID: PMC9729134 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review primarily provides an overview of the current evidence on chronotype (which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-h period) and sleep quality changes in obesity in postmenopausal women. It also explores possible nutritional strategies to manage these changes in this phase of a woman's life. RECENT FINDINGS Menopause is a life stage frequently associated with sleep disturbances and changes in circadian rhythms. Sleep disturbances are one of the main symptoms of menopause and are caused by several factors such as hormonal changes, obesity, and melatonin reduction. In addition, the chronotype also changes following menopause. Nutritional strategies are essential because they could help manage menopausal sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment, particularly by tackling obesity and overweight. In the management of postmenopausal women, especially those experiencing obesity, careful assessment of sleep disturbances and chronotype and subsequent development of the most appropriate treatment, including nutritional management, should be part of the treatment routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, 090615, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Pablo Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Equipo de Soporte Nutricional, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Giulia de Alteriis
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Docimo
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Amidi A, Wu LM. Circadian disruption and cancer- and treatment-related symptoms. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009064. [PMID: 36387255 PMCID: PMC9650229 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients experience a number of co-occurring side- and late-effects due to cancer and its treatment including fatigue, sleep difficulties, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment. These symptoms can impair quality of life and may persist long after treatment completion. Furthermore, they may exacerbate each other's intensity and development over time. The co-occurrence and interdependent nature of these symptoms suggests a possible shared underlying mechanism. Thus far, hypothesized mechanisms that have been purported to underlie these symptoms include disruptions to the immune and endocrine systems. Recently circadian rhythm disruption has emerged as a related pathophysiological mechanism underlying cancer- and cancer-treatment related symptoms. Circadian rhythms are endogenous biobehavioral cycles lasting approximately 24 hours in humans and generated by the circadian master clock - the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. The suprachiasmatic nucleus orchestrates rhythmicity in a wide range of bodily functions including hormone levels, body temperature, immune response, and rest-activity behaviors. In this review, we describe four common approaches to the measurement of circadian rhythms, highlight key research findings on the presence of circadian disruption in cancer patients, and provide a review of the literature on associations between circadian rhythm disruption and cancer- and treatment-related symptoms. Implications for future research and interventions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amidi
- Unit for Psycho-Oncology and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sleep and Circadian Psychology Research Group, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisa M. Wu
- Unit for Psycho-Oncology and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sleep and Circadian Psychology Research Group, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Prospects of Testing Diurnal Profiles of Expressions of TSH-R and Circadian Clock Genes in Thyrocytes for Identification of Preoperative Biomarkers for Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012208. [PMID: 36293065 PMCID: PMC9603503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid Nodules (TN) are frequent but mostly benign, and postoperative rate of benign TN attains the values from 70% to 90%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for identification of reliable preoperative diagnosis markers for patients with indeterminate thyroid cytology. In this study, an earlier unexplored design of research on preoperative biomarkers for thyroid malignancies was proposed. Evaluation of reported results of studies addressing the links of thyroid cancer to the circadian clockwork dysfunctions and abnormal activities of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and its receptor (TSH-R) suggested diagnostic significance of such links. However, there is still a gap in studies of interrelationships between diurnal profiles of expression of circadian clock genes and TSH-R in indeterminate thyroid tissue exposed to different concentrations of TSH. These interrelationships might be investigated in future in vitro experiments on benign and malignant thyrocytes cultivated under normal and challenged TSH levels. Their design requires simultaneous measurement of diurnal profiles of expression of both circadian clock genes and TSH-R. Experimental results might help to bridge previous studies of preoperative biomarkers for thyroid carcinoma exploring diagnostic value of diurnal profiles of serum TSH levels, expression of TSH-R, and expression of circadian clock genes.
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Samir H, Mandour AS, Radwan F, Swelum AA, Yoshida T, Tanaka R, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Diurnal rhythms in testicular blood flow, testicular morphometry and reproductive hormones in Shiba goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:1043-1051. [DOI: 10.1071/rd22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Testicular blood flow (TBF) is crucial for testicular function. The pattern of TBF in Shiba goats indicates seasonal variations. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of diurnal variations on TBF, testis volume (TV), testicular echogenicity, and reproductive hormones in goats over a 24-h period. Methods In three trials that went for three consecutive days each, 12 bucks were scanned using Triplex ultrasonography to assess the TV, pixel intensity of testicular echotexture (PIX), and Doppler indices of TBF (resistive index: RI and pulsatility index: PI) in four-time points a day (at 6.00, 12.00, 18.00, and 00.00 h). Concomitantly, the changes in circulating FSH, LH, inhibin, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), cortisol, and melatonin were assessed. Key results Results revealed diurnal alterations in the calculated RI of TBF and the PIX of testicular parenchyma (P < 0.05). Lower RI values of the TBF were observed at 6.00 h compared to other time points. There were significant diurnal alterations in the levels of FSH (P < 0.05), LH (P < 0.05), T (P < 0.0001), E2 (P < 0.0001), cortisol (P < 0.0001), and melatonin (P < 0.0001). FSH attained a higher concentration at 18.00 h compared to 12.00 h. Concentrations of LH were significantly higher at 06.00 h compared to those at 18.00 h. Concentrations of T were significantly higher at 6.00 compared to other time points. E2 showed higher concentrations at 6.00 h and 00.00 h compared to 12.00 h and 18.00 h. On the contrary, concentrations of cortisol were significantly higher at 12.00 h and 18.00 h compared to 06.00 h and 00.00 h. The highest concentrations of melatonin were observed at 00.00 h compared to other time points, while the lowest concentrations were at 12.00 h. Conclusions Diurnal rhythm induces significant changes in TBF, testicular PIX, and circulating FSH, LH, T, E2, cortisol, and melatonin over the 24-h day. Implications The outcomes of the study are reflected in the advisability of monitoring the TBF at a fixed time a day to avoid the circadian rhythm effect.
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Yu Z, Liu Z, Jiao L, Zhang S, Nie L, Wang Y, Zhou L, Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Xu X, Li Z, Zhou Y, Zhou H, Li R, Peng C, Yu L, Jiang H. Bmal1 knockdown in the left stellate ganglion inhibits neural activity and prevents ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial ischemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:937608. [PMID: 36247430 PMCID: PMC9556266 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.937608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The neural activity of the left stellate ganglion (LSG) is closely related to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Bmal1 modulates genes associated with neural activity in the central nervous system. However, few studies indicated the role of Bmal1 in the LSG and the subsequent effect on the heart. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of Bmal1 knockdown in the LSG on its neural activity and cardiac electrophysiology and to explore the mechanisms. Materials and methods We used adeno-associated virus (AAV) to knock down Bmal1 in the LSG. Male beagles were randomized into the Bmal1 knockdown group and the control group. After 4 weeks of injection, the LSG function, neural activity, left ventricular effective refractory period (ERP), and action potential duration (APD) were measured. Electrocardiography for 1 h was recorded for VAs analysis after myocardial ischemia. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and c-fos in the LSG were quantified by immunofluorescence. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to assess the gene expression in the LSG. Results Bmal1 was sufficiently knocked down by AAV. Compared with the control group, heart rate variability (HRV) in the knockdown group was altered. Bmal1 knockdown inhibited neural activity and function of LSG. It also prolonged ERP as well as APD90. Ischemia-induced VAs were significantly reduced. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and c-fos in the LSG were reduced. Bmal1 knockdown led to the expression changes of genes associated with neural activity in the LSG. Conclusion Bmal1 knockdown in the LSG suppresses neural activity and prevents ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqing Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Lilei Yu,
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Jiang,
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Lecour S, Du Pré BC, Bøtker HE, Brundel BJJM, Daiber A, Davidson SM, Ferdinandy P, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyöngyösi M, Hausenloy DJ, Madonna R, Marber M, Perrino C, Pesce M, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Steffens S, Van Linthout S, Young ME, Van Laake LW. Circadian rhythms in ischaemic heart disease: key aspects for preclinical and translational research: position paper of the ESC working group on cellular biology of the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2566-2581. [PMID: 34505881 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal regulatory processes controlled by molecular clocks present in essentially every mammalian organ that temporally regulate major physiological functions. In the cardiovascular system, the circadian clock governs heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac metabolism, contractility, and coagulation. Recent experimental and clinical studies highlight the possible importance of circadian rhythms in the pathophysiology, outcome, or treatment success of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease. Disturbances in circadian rhythms are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and worsen outcome. Therefore, it is important to consider circadian rhythms as a key research parameter to better understand cardiac physiology/pathology, and to improve the chances of translation and efficacy of cardiac therapies, including those for ischaemic heart disease. The aim of this Position Paper by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to highlight key aspects of circadian rhythms to consider for improvement of preclinical and translational studies related to ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection. Applying these considerations to future studies may increase the potential for better translation of new treatments into successful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bastiaan C Du Pré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of Medicine, Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies & Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10178, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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75
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Miyake T, Egawa G, Chow Z, Asahina R, Otsuka M, Nakajima S, Nomura T, Shibuya R, Ishida Y, Nakamizo S, Murata T, Kitoh A, Kabashima K. Circadian rhythm affects the magnitude of contact hypersensitivity response in mice. Allergy 2022; 77:2748-2759. [PMID: 35426135 DOI: 10.1111/all.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian rhythm controls multiple biological processes, including immune responses; however, its impact on cutaneous adaptive immune response remains unclear. METHODS We used a well-established cutaneous type IV allergy model, contact hypersensitivity (CHS). We induced CHS using dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Mice were sensitized and elicited with DNFB in the daytime or at night. RESULTS In mice, a nocturnally active animal, we found that ear swelling increased when mice were sensitized at night compared with in the daytime. In addition, cell proliferation and cytokine production in the draining lymph nodes (LNs) were promoted when sensitized at night. We hypothesized that these differences were due to the oscillation of leukocyte distribution in the body through the circadian production of adrenergic hormones. Administration of a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist salbutamol in the daytime decreased the number of immune cells in blood and increased the number of immune cells in LNs. In contrast, a β2AR antagonist ICI18551 administration at night increased the number of immune cells in blood and decreased the number of immune cells in LNs. Accordingly, the severity of CHS response was exacerbated by salbutamol administration in the daytime and attenuated by ICI18551 administration at night. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the magnitude of adaptive CHS response depends on the circadian rhythm and this knowledge may improve the management of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Miyake
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zachary Chow
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shibuya
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamizo
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruasa Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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76
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Hart DA, Zernicke RF, Shrive NG. Homo sapiens May Incorporate Daily Acute Cycles of “Conditioning–Deconditioning” to Maintain Musculoskeletal Integrity: Need to Integrate with Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythm Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179949. [PMID: 36077345 PMCID: PMC9456265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human evolution required adaptation to the boundary conditions of Earth, including 1 g gravity. The bipedal mobility of Homo sapiens in that gravitational field causes ground reaction force (GRF) loading of their lower extremities, influencing the integrity of the tissues of those extremities. However, humans usually experience such loading during the day and then a period of relative unloading at night. Many studies have indicated that loading of tissues and cells of the musculoskeletal (MSK) system can inhibit their responses to biological mediators such as cytokines and growth factors. Such findings raise the possibility that humans use such cycles of acute conditioning and deconditioning of the cells and tissues of the MSK system to elaborate critical mediators and responsiveness in parallel with these cycles, particularly involving GRF loading. However, humans also experience circadian rhythms with the levels of a number of mediators influenced by day/night cycles, as well as various levels of biological clocks. Thus, if responsiveness to MSK-generated mediators also occurs during the unloaded part of the daily cycle, that response must be integrated with circadian variations as well. Furthermore, it is also possible that responsiveness to circadian rhythm mediators may be regulated by MSK tissue loading. This review will examine evidence for the above scenario and postulate how interactions could be both regulated and studied, and how extension of the acute cycles biased towards deconditioning could lead to loss of tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hart
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Ronald F. Zernicke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5328, USA
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Nigel G. Shrive
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4V8, Canada
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77
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Soejima Y, Iwata N, Nakayama N, Hirata S, Nakano Y, Yamamoto K, Suyama A, Oguni K, Nada T, Fujisawa S, Otsuka F. Mutual Effects of Orexin and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins on Gonadotropin Expression by Mouse Gonadotrope Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179782. [PMID: 36077179 PMCID: PMC9456022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin plays a key role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness and in feeding behavior in the central nervous system, but its receptors are expressed in various peripheral tissues including endocrine tissues. In the present study, we elucidated the effects of orexin on pituitary gonadotropin regulation by focusing on the functional involvement of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and clock genes using mouse gonadotrope LβT2 cells that express orexin type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R) receptors. Treatments with orexin A enhanced LHβ and FSHβ mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of GnRH, whereas orexin A in turn suppressed GnRH-induced gonadotropin expression in LβT2 cells. Orexin A downregulated GnRH receptor expression, while GnRH enhanced OX1R and OX2R mRNA expression. Treatments with orexin A as well as GnRH increased the mRNA levels of Bmal1 and Clock, which are oscillational regulators for gonadotropin expression. Of note, treatments with BMP-6 and -15 enhanced OX1R and OX2R mRNA expression with upregulation of clock gene expression. On the other hand, orexin A enhanced BMP receptor signaling of Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation through upregulation of ALK-2/BMPRII among the BMP receptors expressed in LβT2 cells. Collectively, the results indicate that orexin regulates gonadotropin expression via clock gene expression by mutually interacting with GnRH action and the pituitary BMP system in gonadotrope cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Soejima
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nanako Nakayama
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hirata
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Suyama
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Oguni
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nada
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7342; Fax: +81-86-235-7345
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78
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Feingold CL, Smiley A. Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10740. [PMID: 36078455 PMCID: PMC9518120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When one considers the big picture of their health, sufficient sleep may often go overlooked as a keystone element in this picture. Insufficient sleep in either quality or duration is a growing problem for our modern society. It is essential to look at what this means for our health because insufficient sleep increases our risks of innumerable lifechanging diseases. Beyond increasing the risk of developing these diseases, it also makes the symptoms and pathogenesis of many diseases worse. Additionally, consistent quality sleep can not only improve our physical health but has also been shown to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Substandard sleep health could be a root cause for numerous issues individuals may be facing in their lives. It is essential that physicians take the time to learn about how to educate their patients on sleep health and try to work with them on an individual level to help motivate lifestyle changes. Facilitating access to sleep education for their patients is one way in which physicians can help provide patients with the tools to improve their sleep health. Throughout this paper, we will review the mechanisms behind the relationship between insufficient sleep health and chronic disease and what the science says about how inadequate sleep health negatively impacts the overall health and the quality of our lives. We will also explain the lifechanging effects of sufficient sleep and how we can help patients get there.
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79
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Christmas and New Year “Dietary Titbits” and Perspectives from Chronobiology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153177. [PMID: 35956352 PMCID: PMC9370396 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A historical Christmas card connecting two pioneers of modern chronobiology (Colin Pittendrigh and Jürgen Aschoff) brings together key evolutionary facets of the field at Christmas time. The importance of the field to physiology and medicine is conveyed by the Nobel Prize award in 2017 for discoveries of how body clocks facilitate the temporal organization of physiology across days and nights. Temporal organization can have relevance for dietary Christmas excesses and dietary New Year resolutions. Herein, we examine how diet around Christmas and New Year has been targeted in human health research and we examine published opinion on dietary practice concerning Christmas and New Year using a systematized literature review approach. Thereafter, via a selective literature synthesis regarding time-restricted eating, we explore the chronobiological notion that “when” we eat and drink may make differences in terms of whether we experience weight gain and adverse health effects during and after the festive days. Overall, current Christmas eating is typically detrimental to health in terms of “how much” we consume of “what”. Regarding New Year’s goal-setting, chronobiology-based advice could be considered insofar as “when” we eat may be a healthier and more sustainable nutritional habit alternative. While we need further studies in humans, individual and public health may benefit during and after Christmas by adhering to plausible principles of chrononutrition. That detrimental nutritional excesses over Christmas may encourage individuals to tackle their eating habits should not be left untapped.
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80
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Effects and Prognostic Values of Circadian Genes CSNK1E/GNA11/KLF9/THRAP3 in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma via a Comprehensive Analysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070306. [PMID: 35877357 PMCID: PMC9311602 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly types of renal cancer in adults. Recent research has identified circadian genes as being involved in the development and progression of KIRC by altering their expression. This study aimed to identify circadian genes that are differentially expressed in KIRC and assess their role in KIRC progression. In KIRC, there were 553 differentially expressed rhythm genes (DERGs), with 300 up-regulated and 253 down-regulated DERGs. Functional enrichment analyses showed that DERGs were greatly enriched in the circadian rhythm and immune response pathways. Survival analyses indicated that higher expression levels of CSNK1E were related to shorter overall survival of KIRC patients, whereas lower expression levels of GNA11, KLF9, and THRAP3 were associated with shorter overall survival of KIRC patients. Through cell assay verification, the mRNA level of CSNK1E was significantly up-regulated, whereas the mRNA levels of GNA11, KLF9, and THRAP3 were dramatically down-regulated in KIRC cells, which were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis of KIRC patient samples. Age, grade, stage, TM classification, and CSNK1E expression were all shown to be high-risk variables, whereas GNA11, KLF9, and THRAP3 expression were found to be low-risk factors in univariate Cox analyses. Multivariate Cox analyses showed that CSNK1E and KLF9 were also independently related to overall survival. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that the proportion of immune cells varied greatly between KIRC tissues and normal tissue, whereas CSNK1E, GNA11, KLF9, and THRAP3 expression levels were substantially linked with the infiltration abundance of immune cells and immunological biomarkers. Moreover, interaction networks between CSNK1E/GNA11/KLF9/THRAP3 and immune genes were constructed to explore the stream connections. The findings could help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of KIRC progression, and CSNK1E/GNA11/KLF9/THRAP3 might be used as molecular targets for chronotherapy in KIRC patients in the near future.
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81
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Liu Z, Penny-Dimri JC, Nagel M, Plummer M, Segal R, Morley P, Smith J, Perry LA. Early versus late surgical start times for on-pump cardiac surgery. Hippokratia 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery; Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Anaesthesia; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | | | - Matthew Nagel
- Department of Surgery; Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Mark Plummer
- Intensive Care Unit; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Reny Segal
- Department of Anaesthesia; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Peter Morley
- Intensive Care Unit; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Julian Smith
- Department of Surgery; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Luke A Perry
- Department of Anaesthesia; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
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82
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Nelson RJ, Bumgarner JR, Liu JA, Love JA, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Becker-Krail DD, Walker WH, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Prendergast BJ. Time of day as a critical variable in biology. BMC Biol 2022; 20:142. [PMID: 35705939 PMCID: PMC9202143 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms are important for all aspects of biology; virtually every aspect of biological function varies according to time of day. Although this is well known, variation across the day is also often ignored in the design and reporting of research. For this review, we analyzed the top 50 cited papers across 10 major domains of the biological sciences in the calendar year 2015. We repeated this analysis for the year 2019, hypothesizing that the awarding of a Nobel Prize in 2017 for achievements in the field of circadian biology would highlight the importance of circadian rhythms for scientists across many disciplines, and improve time-of-day reporting. RESULTS Our analyses of these 1000 empirical papers, however, revealed that most failed to include sufficient temporal details when describing experimental methods and that few systematic differences in time-of-day reporting existed between 2015 and 2019. Overall, only 6.1% of reports included time-of-day information about experimental measures and manipulations sufficient to permit replication. CONCLUSIONS Circadian rhythms are a defining feature of biological systems, and knowing when in the circadian day these systems are evaluated is fundamentally important information. Failing to account for time of day hampers reproducibility across laboratories, complicates interpretation of results, and reduces the value of data based predominantly on nocturnal animals when extrapolating to diurnal humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jharnae A Love
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago and Institute for Mind and Biology, IL, 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - O Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Darius D Becker-Krail
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Brian J Prendergast
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago and Institute for Mind and Biology, IL, 60637, Chicago, USA
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83
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Берковская МА, Гурова ОЮ, Хайкина ИА, Фадеев ВВ. [Time-restricted eating as a novel strategy for treatment of obesity and it's comorbid conditions]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:78-91. [PMID: 36104969 PMCID: PMC9762455 DOI: 10.14341/probl13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The article provides a review of the current literature about time-restricted eating (TRE) as a new tool for the treatment of obesity and comorbid conditions. The search for new nutritional strategies in obesity, one of which is TRE, is due to the weak adherence of patients to hypocaloric diets in the long term, as well as the available data on the importance of -desynchronization of food intake with natural circadian rhythms in the development and progression of obesity and cardio--metabolic complications. The article describes the main mechanisms that regulate the circadian rhythms of food intake and nutrient absorption, substantiates the importance of adhering to a physiological diet for maintaining metabolic health. The main part of the review is devoted to reviewing the currently available researches on the effectiveness of various strategies of intermittent energy restriction for weight loss and the correction of metabolic parameters. Potential mechanisms of the -effect of TRE on health are discussed, including those mediated by an unintentional decrease in caloric intake and changes in eating behavior, and differences in the effectiveness of early and late TRE. The article contains a detailed discussion of the potential problems and contradictions associated with the use of time-restricted eating in clinical practice, namely: the limitations and inconsistencies of the available clinical trials, the lack of data on long-term efficacy and safety, social and psychological limitations that impede the widespread use of TRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. А. Берковская
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
| | - О. Ю. Гурова
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
| | - И. А. Хайкина
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
| | - В. В. Фадеев
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
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84
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Caramori G, Nucera F, Mumby S, Lo Bello F, Adcock IM. Corticosteroid resistance in asthma: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 85:100969. [PMID: 34090658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs) are drugs widely used as treatment for asthma patients. They prevent the recruitment and activation of lung immune and inflammatory cells and, moreover, have profound effects on airway structural cells to reverse the effects of disease on airway inflammation. GCs bind to a specific receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory gene transcription through a number of distinct and complementary mechanisms. Targets genes include many pro-inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, cytokines, growth factors and their receptors. Inhaled GCs are very effective for most asthma patients with little, if any, systemic side effects depending upon the dose. However, some patients show poor asthma control even after the administration of high doses of topical or even systemic GCs. Several mechanisms relating to inflammation have been considered to be responsible for the onset of the relative GC resistance observed in these patients. In these patients, the side-effect profile of GCs prevent continued use of high doses and new drugs are needed. Targeting the defective pathways associated with GC function in these patients may also reactivate GC responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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85
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Variations in progesterone and estradiol across the menstrual cycle predict generosity toward socially close others. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105720. [PMID: 35305405 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The human tendency to share goods with others at personal costs declines across the perceived social distance to them, an observation termed social discounting. Cumulating evidence suggests that social preferences are influenced by the agent's neurohormonal state. Here we tested whether endogenous fluctuations in steroid hormone compositions across the menstrual cycle were associated with differences in generosity in a social discounting task. Adult healthy, normally-cycling, women made incentivized decisions between high selfish rewards for themselves and lower generous rewards for themselves but also for other individuals at variable social distances from their social environment. We determined participants' current levels of menstrual-cycle-dependent steroid hormones via salivary sampling. Results revealed that the increase in progesterone levels as well as the decrease in estradiol levels, but not changes in testosterone or cortisol, across the menstrual cycle, accounted for increased generosity specifically toward socially close others, but not toward remote strangers.
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86
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Colom-Pellicer M, Rodríguez RM, Soliz-Rueda JR, de Assis LVM, Navarro-Masip È, Quesada-Vázquez S, Escoté X, Oster H, Mulero M, Aragonès G. Proanthocyanidins Restore the Metabolic Diurnal Rhythm of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue According to Time-Of-Day Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:2246. [PMID: 35684049 PMCID: PMC9182881 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has beneficial effects on the functionality of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, although WAT metabolism shows a clear diurnal rhythm, whether GSPE consumption could affect WAT rhythmicity in a time-dependent manner has not been studied. Ninety-six male Fischer rats were fed standard (STD, two groups) or cafeteria (CAF, four groups) diet for 9 weeks (n = 16 each group). From week 6 on, CAF diet animals were supplemented with vehicle or 25 mg GSPE/kg of body weight either at the beginning of the light/rest phase (ZT0) or at the beginning of the dark/active phase (ZT12). The two STD groups were also supplemented with vehicle at ZT0 or ZT12. In week 9, animals were sacrificed at 6 h intervals (n = 4) to analyze the diurnal rhythms of subcutaneous WAT metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. A total of 45 metabolites were detected, 19 of which presented diurnal rhythms in the STD groups. Although most metabolites became arrhythmic under CAF diet, GSPE consumption at ZT12, but not at ZT0, restored the rhythmicity of 12 metabolites including compounds involved in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. These results demonstrate that timed GSPE supplementation may restore, at least partially, the functional dynamics of WAT when it is consumed at the beginning of the active phase. This study opens an innovative strategy for time-dependent polyphenol treatment in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Romina M. Rodríguez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Marie Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (L.V.M.d.A.); (H.O.)
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (X.E.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.Q.-V.); (X.E.)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Marie Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (L.V.M.d.A.); (H.O.)
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.C.-P.); (R.M.R.); (J.R.S.-R.); (È.N.-M.); (M.M.)
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87
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Hibernation with Rhythmicity in the Retina, Brain, and Plasma but Not in the Liver of Hibernating Giant Spiny Frogs (Quasipaa spinosa). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050722. [PMID: 35625450 PMCID: PMC9138901 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquatic ectotherms experience hypoxia under water during hibernation, which enables them to move denoting some level of consciousness, unlike terrestrial hibernators. However, how aquatic ectotherms modulate their clocks and clock-controlled genes in different tissues and plasma melatonin and corticosterone in light-dark cycles under natural environments before and during hibernation, remains to be largely unexplored. To achieve these, in this study, we investigated circadian clock genes, circadian clock-controlled genes, antioxidant enzyme genes, and related hormones in giant spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa). Our results demonstrated that, despite the hypometabolic state of hibernation, the retina and the brain displayed some circadian rhythms of clock and antioxidant genes, as well as melatonin, while the liver was inactive. These novel findings may contribute to an understanding of how aquatic ectotherms use their circadian system differentially to modulate their physiology in escaping hypoxia during hibernation and preparing for arousal. Abstract Hibernation in ectotherms is well known, however, it is unclear how the circadian clock regulates endocrine and antioxidative defense systems of aquatic hibernators. Using the giant spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa), we studied mRNA expression levels of (1) circadian core clock (Bmal1, Clock, Cry1 and Per2), clock-controlled (Ror-α, Mel-1c and AANAT), and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) (SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPx) genes in retina, brain, and liver; and (2) plasma melatonin (MT) and corticosterone (CORT) levels, over a 24-hour period at six intervals pre-hibernation and during hibernation. Our results showed that brain Bmal1, Cry1, Per2 and Mel-1c were rhythmic pre-hibernation and Clock and Ror-α during hibernation. However, the retina Bmal1, Clock and Mel-1c, and plasma MT became rhythmic during hibernation. All brain AOEs (SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPx) were rhythmic pre-hibernation and became non-rhythmic but upregulated, except SOD1, during hibernation. However, plasma CORT and liver clocks and AOEs were non-rhythmic in both periods. The mRNA expression levels of AOEs closely resembled those of Ror-α but not plasma MT oscillations. In the hibernating aquatic frogs, these modulations of melatonin, as well as clock and clock-controlled genes and AOEs might be fundamental for them to remain relatively inactive, increase tolerance, and escape hypoxia, and to prepare for arousal.
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88
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Abstract
The cardiomyocyte circadian clock temporally governs fundamental cellular processes, leading to 24-h rhythms in cardiac properties (such as electrophysiology and contractility). The importance of this cell-autonomous clock is underscored by reports that the disruption of the mechanism leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In healthy non-stressed mice, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock modestly augments both cardiac protein synthesis (~14%) and mass (~11%) at the awake-to-sleep transition (relative to their lowest values in the middle of the awake period). However, the increased capacity for cardiac growth at the awake-to-sleep transition exacerbates the responsiveness of the heart to pro-hypertrophic stimuli/stresses (e.g., adrenergic stimulation, nutrients) at this time. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock orchestrates time-of-day-dependent rhythms in cardiac growth through numerous mechanisms. Both ribosomal RNA (e.g., 28S) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling axis are circadian regulated, peaking at the awake-to-sleep transition in the heart. Conversely, the negative regulators of translation (including PER2, AMPK, and the integrated stress response) are elevated in the middle of the awake period in a coordinated fashion. We speculate that persistent circadian governance of cardiac growth during non-dipping/nocturnal hypertension, sleep apnea, and/or shift work may exacerbate left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac disease development, highlighting a need for the advancement of chronotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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89
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Salagre D, Chayah M, Molina-Carballo A, Oliveras-López MJ, Munoz-Hoyos A, Navarro-Alarcón M, Fernández-Vázquez G, Agil A. Melatonin induces fat browning by transdifferentiation of white adipocytes and de novo differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:3760-3775. [PMID: 35274657 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of melatonin in obesity control is extensively accepted, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Previously we demonstrated that chronic oral melatonin acts as a brown-fat inducer, driving subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) into a brown-fat-like function (beige) in obese diabetic rats. However, immunofluorescence characterization of beige depots in sWAT and whether melatonin is a beige-fat inducer by de novo differentiation and/or transdifferentiation of white adipocytes are still undefined. Lean (ZL) and diabetic fatty (ZDF) Zücker rats were subdivided into two groups, control (C) and oral melatonin-supplemented (M, 10 mg kg-1 day-1) for 6 weeks. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from both rat inguinal fat and human lipoaspirates followed by adipogenesis assays with or without melatonin (50 nM for 12 h in a 24 h period, 12 h+/12 h-) mimicking the light/dark cycle. Immunofluorescence and western-blot assays showed the partial transdifferentiation of white adipocytes in both ZL and ZDF rats, with increasing thermogenic and beige markers, UCP1 and CITED1 and decreasing white adipocyte marker ASC-1 expression. In addition, melatonin increased UCP1, CITED1, and PGC1-α expression in differentiated adipocytes in both rats and humans. These results demonstrate that melatonin increases brown fat in obese diabetic rats by both adipocyte transdifferentiation and de novo differentiation. Furthermore, it promotes beige MSC adipogenesis in humans. This may contribute to the control of body weight attributed to melatonin and its metabolic benefits in human diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Salagre
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine & Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Meriem Chayah
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine & Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada (Spain). Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Clínico San Cecilio University Hospital, the Andalusian Health Service, Granada, Spain.
| | - María-Jesús Oliveras-López
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Munoz-Hoyos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada (Spain). Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Clínico San Cecilio University Hospital, the Andalusian Health Service, Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel Navarro-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine & Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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90
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Wass S, Perapoch Amadó M, Ives J. How the ghost learns to drive the machine? Oscillatory entrainment to our early social or physical environment and the emergence of volitional control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101102. [PMID: 35398645 PMCID: PMC9010552 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An individual’s early interactions with their environment are thought to be largely passive; through the early years, the capacity for volitional control develops. Here, we consider: how is the emergence of volitional control characterised by changes in the entrainment observed between internal activity (behaviour, physiology and brain activity) and the sights and sounds in our everyday environment (physical and social)? We differentiate between contingent responsiveness (entrainment driven by evoked responses to external events) and oscillatory entrainment (driven by internal oscillators becoming temporally aligned with external oscillators). We conclude that ample evidence suggests that children show behavioural, physiological and neural entrainment to their physical and social environment, irrespective of volitional attention control; however, evidence for oscillatory entrainment beyond contingent responsiveness is currently lacking. Evidence for how oscillatory entrainment changes over developmental time is also lacking. Finally, we suggest a mechanism through which periodic environmental rhythms might facilitate both sensory processing and the development of volitional control even in the absence of oscillatory entrainment.
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91
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Sonkar R, Berry R, Latimer MN, Prabhu SD, Young ME, Frank SJ. Augmented Cardiac Growth Hormone Signaling Contributes to Cardiomyopathy Following Genetic Disruption of the Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836725. [PMID: 35250583 PMCID: PMC8888912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate numerous biological processes, at whole body, organ, and cellular levels. This includes both hormone secretion and target tissue sensitivity. Although growth hormone (GH) secretion is time-of-day-dependent (increased pulse amplitude during the sleep period), little is known regarding whether circadian clocks modulate GH sensitivity in target tissues. GH acts in part through induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and excess GH/IGF1 signaling has been linked to pathologies such as insulin resistance, acromegaly, and cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock leads to cardiac adverse remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and reduced lifespan. These observations led to the hypothesis that the cardiomyopathy observed following cardiomyocyte circadian clock disruption may be secondary to chronic activation of cardiac GH/IGF1 signaling. Here, we report that cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice exhibit increased cardiac GH sensitivity, as evidenced by augmented GH-induced STAT5 phosphorylation (relative to littermate controls) in the heart (but not in the liver). Moreover, Igf1 mRNA levels are approximately 2-fold higher in CBK hearts (but not in livers), associated with markers of GH/IGF1 signaling activation (e.g., p-ERK, p-mTOR, and p-4EBP1) and adverse remodeling (e.g., cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis). Genetic deletion of one allele of the GH receptor (GHR) normalized cardiac Igf1 levels in CBK hearts, associated with a partial normalization of adverse remodeling. This included attenuated progression of cardiomyopathy in CBK mice. Collectively, these observations suggest that excessive cardiac GH/IGF1 signaling contributes toward cardiomyopathy following genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sonkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ryan Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary N. Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Cardiology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stuart J. Frank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Endocrinology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, United States
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92
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Capelle CM, Chen A, Zeng N, Baron A, Grzyb K, Arns T, Skupin A, Ollert M, Hefeng FQ. Stress hormone signaling inhibits Th1 polarization in a CD4 T-cell-intrinsic manner via mTORC1 and the circadian gene PER1. Immunology 2022; 165:428-444. [PMID: 35143696 PMCID: PMC9426625 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress hormones are believed to skew the CD4 T‐cell differentiation towards a Th2 response via a T‐cell‐extrinsic mechanism. Using isolated primary human naïve and memory CD4 T cells, here we show that both adrenergic‐ and glucocorticoid‐mediated stress signalling pathways play a CD4 naïve T‐cell‐intrinsic role in regulating the Th1/Th2 differentiation balance. Both stress hormones reduced the Th1 programme and cytokine production by inhibiting mTORC1 signalling via two parallel mechanisms. Stress hormone signalling inhibited mTORC1 in naïve CD4 T cells (1) by affecting the PI3K/AKT pathway and (2) by regulating the expression of the circadian rhythm gene, period circadian regulator 1 (PER1). Both stress hormones induced the expression of PER1, which inhibited mTORC1 signalling, thus reducing Th1 differentiation. This previously unrecognized cell‐autonomous mechanism connects stress hormone signalling with CD4 T‐cell differentiation via mTORC1 and a specific circadian clock gene, namely PER1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe M Capelle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Chen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de Université, L-4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandre Baron
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Thais Arns
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000 C, Denmark
| | - Feng Q Hefeng
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122, Essen, Germany
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93
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Chronoradiobiology of Breast Cancer: The Time Is Now to Link Circadian Rhythm and Radiation Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031331. [PMID: 35163264 PMCID: PMC8836288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has been linked to cancer development, progression, and radiation response. Clinical evidence to date shows that circadian genetic variation and time of treatment affect radiation response and toxicity for women with breast cancer. At the molecular level, there is interplay between circadian clock regulators such as PER1, which mediates ATM and p53-mediated cell cycle gating and apoptosis. These molecular alterations may govern aggressive cancer phenotypes, outcomes, and radiation response. Exploiting the various circadian clock mechanisms may enhance the therapeutic index of radiation by decreasing toxicity, increasing disease control, and improving outcomes. We will review the body’s natural circadian rhythms and clock gene-regulation while exploring preclinical and clinical evidence that implicates chronobiological disruptions in the etiology of breast cancer. We will discuss radiobiological principles and the circadian regulation of DNA damage responses. Lastly, we will present potential rational therapeutic approaches that target circadian pathways to improve outcomes in breast cancer. Understanding the implications of optimal timing in cancer treatment and exploring ways to entrain circadian biology with light, diet, and chronobiological agents like melatonin may provide an avenue for enhancing the therapeutic index of radiotherapy.
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94
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Agorastos A, Chrousos GP. The neuroendocrinology of stress: the stress-related continuum of chronic disease development. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:502-513. [PMID: 34290370 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To preserve this optimal homeodynamic state within a physiologic range, organisms have developed a highly sophisticated system, the stress system, which serves self-regulation and adaptability of the organism by energy redirection according to the current needs. Repeated, ephemeral, and motivating stress states lead to adaptive responses and response habituations, being fairly beneficial; in contrast, inadequate, aversive, excessive, or prolonged stress may surpass the regulatory capacity and adjustive resources of the organism and produce maladaptive responses and a chronically altered homeodynamic state associated with compromised mental and physical health and life expectancy. Neuroendocrine responses to stress depend on developmental timing, duration, time of day and nature of stressors leading to a vulnerable phenotype with disrupted stress reactivity (i.e., hyper- or hypoactivation of the stress system), impaired glucocorticoid signaling, and accumulated cacostatic load with cumulatively elevated long-term risk of mental and physical morbidity. This article offers a brief overview on the organization and physiology of the human stress system and its (re)activity, refreshes the plethora of somatic effects of acute and chronic stress and discusses a conceptual model of acute and chronic stress pathophysiology as a continuum in chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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95
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Senesi P, Ferrulli A, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:975509. [PMID: 36176473 PMCID: PMC9513421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm, an innate 24-h biological clock, regulates several mammalian physiological activities anticipating daily environmental variations and optimizing available energetic resources. The circadian machinery is a complex neuronal and endocrinological network primarily organized into a central clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and peripheral clocks. Several small molecules generate daily circadian fluctuations ensuring inter-organ communication and coordination between external stimuli, i.e., light, food, and exercise, and body metabolism. As an orchestra, this complex network can be out of tone. Circadian disruption is often associated with obesity development and, above all, with diabetes and cardiovascular disease onset. Moreover, accumulating data highlight a bidirectional relationship between circadian misalignment and cardiometabolic disease severity. Food intake abnormalities, especially timing and composition of meal, are crucial cause of circadian disruption, but evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that food could represent a unique therapeutic approach to promote circadian resynchronization. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of circadian system and discuss the role playing by different molecules [from leptin to ghrelin, incretins, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)] to guarantee circadian homeostasis. Based on the recent data, we discuss the innovative nutritional interventions aimed at circadian re-synchronization and, consequently, improvement of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ileana Terruzzi,
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96
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Wang W, Huang Z, Huang L, Gao L, Cui L, Cowley M, Guo L, Chen C. Time-Restricted Feeding Restored Insulin-Growth Hormone Balance and Improved Substrate and Energy Metabolism in MC4RKO Obese Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:174-185. [PMID: 33735897 DOI: 10.1159/000515960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of metabolic regulatory hormones often occurs during the progress of obesity. Key regulatory hormone insulin-growth hormone (GH) balance has recently been proposed to maintain metabolism profiles. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an effective strategy against obesity without detailed research on pulsatile GH releasing patterns. METHODS TRF was performed in an over-eating melanocortin 4 receptor-knockout (MC4RKO) obese mouse model using normal food. Body weight and food intake were measured. Series of blood samples were collected for 6-h pulsatile GH profile, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test at 5, 8, and 9 weeks of TRF, respectively. Indirect calorimetric recordings were performed by the Phenomaster system at 6 weeks for 1 week, and body composition was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Substrate- and energy metabolism-related gene expressions were measured in terminal liver and subcutaneous white adipose tissues. RESULTS TRF increased pulsatile GH secretion in dark phase and suppressed hyperinsulinemia in MC4RKO obese mice to reach a reduced insulin/GH ratio. This was accompanied by the improvement in insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, glucose tolerance, and decreased glucose fluctuation, together with appropriate modification of gene expression involved in substrate metabolism and adipose tissue browning. NMR measurement showed that TRF decreased fat mass but increased lean mass. Indirect calorimeter recording indicated that TRF decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) reflecting consumption of more fatty acid in energy production in light phase and increased the oxygen consumption during activities in dark phase. CONCLUSIONS TRF effectively decreases hyperinsulinemia and restores pulsatile GH secretion in the overeating obese mice with significant improvement in substrate and energy metabolism and body composition without reducing total caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyn Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ling Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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97
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Jéru I, Fève B, Jockers R. Editorial: Endocrine and metabolic diseases - genetic impact and therapies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1063167. [PMID: 36339407 PMCID: PMC9627485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1063167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS)_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique Médicale, Département Médico-Universitaire (DMU) BioGeM, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Isabelle Jéru,
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS)_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Reproduction, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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98
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) is still a matter of debate. Based, among others, on the observation of a close temporal relation between certain events and subsequent TGA episodes, recent proposals discuss the relevance of stress-associated processes impacting on hippocampal functioning. Circadian, infra- and ultradian rhythmicity has been found to play a relevant role in the multifactorial pathomechanisms of various disorders but has not been thoroughly studied in TGA. METHODS Data of patients with a final diagnosis of TGA were collected in Mannheim, Germany (06/1999-01/2018, n = 404), and in the Kansai district, Japan (04/2006-03/2018, n = 261). Chronological patterns of TGA occurrence were determined. RESULTS Significant circadian rhythmicity of TGA occurrence with bimodal peaks (mid-morning, late afternoon) was found for the entire population (p = 0.002) and for either sub-cohort (Mannheim: p = 0.003, Kansai: p = 0.007). This finding was confirmed for either sex (women: p = 0.004, men: p = 0.004) and different age groups (< 65 years: p = 0.0009, ≥ 65 years: p = 0.003). There was no variation according to day of the week, month or season, but the proportion of patients with a weekday episode was significantly higher in the Mannheim cohort (p = 0.002). DISCUSSION We identified a robust circadian rhythm in TGA occurrence which remarkably applied to either of the two study sites located on different continents and which was independent of sex and age. In light of abundant evidence of circadian rhythmicity of both, components of the human stress response system and memory, chronobiological analyses may provide an opportunity to further uncover the mechanisms underlying TGA.
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99
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Wang W, Huang Z, Huang L, Tan C, Chen W, Roelfsema F, Chen C, Guo L. Rotating Day and Night Disturb Growth Hormone Secretion Profiles, Body Energy Metabolism, and Insulin Levels in Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:481-492. [PMID: 34348337 DOI: 10.1159/000518338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin and growth hormone (GH) - 2 vital metabolic regulatory hormones - regulate glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism. These 2 hormones determine substrate and energy metabolism under different living conditions. Shift of day and night affects the clock system and metabolism probably through altered insulin and GH secretion. METHODS Five-week-old male mice were randomly assigned to a rotating light (RL) group (3-day normal light/dark cycle followed by 4-day reversed light/dark cycle per week) and normal light (NL) group. Body weight and food intake were recorded every week. Series of blood samples were collected for pulsatile GH analysis, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test at 9, 10, and 11 weeks from the start of intervention, respectively. Indirect calorimetric measurement was performed, and body composition was tested at 12 weeks. Expressions of energy and substrate metabolism-related genes were evaluated in pituitary and liver tissues at the end of 12-week intervention. RESULTS The RL group had an increased number of GH pulsatile bursts and reduced GH mass/burst. RL also disturbed the GH secretion regularity and mode. It suppressed insulin secretion, which led to a disturbed insulin/GH balance. It was accompanied by the reduced metabolic flexibility and modified gene expression involved in energy balance and substrate metabolism. Indirect calorimeter recording revealed that RL decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and oxygen consumption at the dark phase, which resulted in an increase in fat mass and free fatty acid levels in circulation. CONCLUSION RL disturbed pulsatile GH secretion and decreased insulin secretion in male mice with significant impairment in energy, substrate metabolism, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chunlu Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wanlin Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lixin Guo
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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100
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Vincent F, Thourani VH, Ternacle J, Redfors B, Cohen DJ, Hahn RT, Li D, Crowley A, Webb JG, Mack MJ, Kapadia S, Russo M, Smith CR, Alu MC, Leon MB, Pibarot P. Time-of-Day and Clinical Outcomes After Surgical or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From the PARTNER Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2022; 15:e007948. [PMID: 35041482 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms may influence myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion phenomena occurring during cardiac procedures. While conflicting results exist on the effect of time-of-day on surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), afternoon procedures could be associated with a reduced risk of death, rehospitalization or periprocedural myocardial infarction, compared with morning procedures. We examined the impact of procedure time-of-day on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or SAVR. METHODS We analyzed patients at intermediate- or high-surgical risk who underwent elective TAVR (n=4457) or SAVR (n=1129) in the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve) 1 and 2 trials and registries according to time-of-day (morning versus afternoon) using the Kaplan-Meier event rates and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using 1:1 propensity-score matching. The primary end point was all-cause death or rehospitalization at 2 years. RESULTS At 2 years, no difference was observed between patients operated in the morning versus the afternoon within the SAVR (32.3% versus 30.6%, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.82-1.41], P=0.58) and TAVR cohorts (35.7% versus 35.4%, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14], P=0.86) with regards to the primary end point. Rates of periprocedural myocardial infarction were low and similar between morning and afternoon in SAVR (1.6% versus 1.0%, P=0.51) and TAVR (0.4% versus 0.4%, P=0.86), as were all other clinical end points. Similar results were observed in propensity-score matched analysis. CONCLUSIONS Procedure time-of-day was not associated with clinical outcomes after TAVR or SAVR. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT00530894, NCT01314313, NCT03222141, and NCT03222128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Vincent
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval/Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Canada (F.V., J.T., P.P.).,Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (F.V., B.R., D.L., A.C., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - Vinod H Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (V.H.T.)
| | - Julien Ternacle
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval/Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Canada (F.V., J.T., P.P.)
| | - Bjorn Redfors
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (F.V., B.R., D.L., A.C., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - David J Cohen
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (D.J.C.)
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (R.T.H., C.R.S., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - Ditian Li
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (F.V., B.R., D.L., A.C., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - Aaron Crowley
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (F.V., B.R., D.L., A.C., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - John G Webb
- Saint Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (J.G.W.)
| | - Michael J Mack
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Plano, TX (M.J.M.)
| | - Samir Kapadia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (S.K.)
| | - Mark Russo
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick (M.R.)
| | - Craig R Smith
- Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (R.T.H., C.R.S., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - Maria C Alu
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (F.V., B.R., D.L., A.C., M.C.A., M.B.L.).,Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (R.T.H., C.R.S., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - Martin B Leon
- Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (F.V., B.R., D.L., A.C., M.C.A., M.B.L.).,Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (R.T.H., C.R.S., M.C.A., M.B.L.)
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval/Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Canada (F.V., J.T., P.P.)
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