51
|
Amaki-Takao M, Yamaguchi T, Natsume S, Iijima T, Wakaume R, Takahashi K, Matsumoto H, Miyaki M. Colorectal Cancer with BRAF D594G Mutation Is Not Associated with Microsatellite Instability or Poor Prognosis. Oncology 2016; 91:162-70. [DOI: 10.1159/000447402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
52
|
Abdulghani J, Gokare P, Gallant JN, Dicker D, Whitcomb T, Cooper T, Liao J, Derr J, Liu J, Goldenberg D, Finnberg NK, El-Deiry WS. Sorafenib and Quinacrine Target Anti-Apoptotic Protein MCL1: A Poor Prognostic Marker in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC). Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6192-6203. [PMID: 27307592 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) comprises approximately 2% of all thyroid cancers, and its median survival rate remains poor. It is responsible for more than one third of thyroid cancer-related deaths. ATC is frequently resistant to conventional therapy, and NFκB signaling has been proposed to be a feature of the disease. We aimed to assess the activity of the antimalaria drug quinacrine known to target NFκB signaling in combination with the clinically relevant kinase inhibitor sorafenib in ATC cells. The presence of NFκB-p65/RELA and its target MCL1 was demonstrated in ATC by meta-data gene set enrichment analysis and IHC. We assessed the responses of a panel of human ATC cell lines to quinacrine and sorafenib in vitro and in vivo RESULTS: We detected increased expression of NFκB-p65/RELA and MCL1 in the nucleus of a subset of ATC compared with non-neoplastic thyroid. ATC cells were found to respond with additive/synergistic tumor cell killing to the combination of sorafenib plus quinacrine in vitro, and the drug combination improves survival of immunodeficient mice injected orthotopically with ATC cells as compared with mice administered either compound alone or doxorubicin. We also demonstrate that the combination of sorafenib and quinacrine is well tolerated in mice. At the molecular level, quinacrine and sorafenib inhibited expression of prosurvival MCL1, pSTAT3, and dampened NFκB signaling. CONCLUSIONS The combination of quinacrine and sorafenib targets emerging molecular hallmarks of ATC and shows promising results in clinically relevant models for the disease. Further testing of sorafenib plus quinacrine can be conducted in ATC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6192-203. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Abdulghani
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prashanth Gokare
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Nicolas Gallant
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David Dicker
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany Whitcomb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiangang Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Derr
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Niklas K Finnberg
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. .,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. .,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Atefi M, Titz B, Tsoi J, Avramis E, Le A, Ng C, Lomova A, Lassen A, Friedman M, Chmielowski B, Ribas A, Graeber TG. CRAF R391W is a melanoma driver oncogene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27454. [PMID: 27273450 PMCID: PMC4897636 DOI: 10.1038/srep27454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 75% of melanomas have known driver oncogenic mutations in BRAF, NRAS, GNA11 or GNAQ, while the mutations providing constitutive oncogenic signaling in the remaining melanomas are not known. We established a melanoma cell line from a tumor with none of the common driver mutations. This cell line demonstrated a signaling profile similar to BRAF-mutants, but lacked sensitivity to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. RNA-seq mutation data implicated CRAF R391W as the alternative driver mutation of this melanoma. CRAF R391W was homozygous and over expressed. These melanoma cells were highly sensitive to CRAF, but not BRAF knockdown. In reconstitution experiments, CRAF R391W, but not CRAF WT, transformed NIH3T3 cells in soft-agar colony formation assays, increased kinase activity in vitro, induced MAP kinase signaling and conferred vemurafenib resistance. MAP kinase inducing activity was dependent on CRAF dimerization. Thus, CRAF is a bona fide alternative oncogene for BRAF/NRAS/GNAQ/GNA11 wild type melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Atefi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (UCLA), 90095, USA
| | - Bjoern Titz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Tsoi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Earl Avramis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (UCLA), 90095, USA
| | - Allison Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charles Ng
- New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anastasia Lomova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda Lassen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (UCLA), 90095, USA
| | - Michael Friedman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (UCLA), 90095, USA.,New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (UCLA), 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical-Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Halaban R, Krauthammer M. RASopathy Gene Mutations in Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1755-1759. [PMID: 27236105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of melanomas has unraveled critical driver genes and genomic abnormalities, mostly defined as occurring at high frequency. In addition, less abundant mutations are present that link melanoma to a set of disorders, commonly called RASopathies. These disorders, which include neurofibromatosis and Noonan and Legius syndromes, harbor germline mutations in various RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway genes. We highlight shared amino acid substitutions between this set of RASopathy mutations and those observed in large-scale melanoma sequencing data, uncovering a significant overlap. We review the evidence that these mutations activate the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in melanoma and are involved in melanomagenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the observations that two or more RASopathy mutations often co-occur in melanoma and may act synergistically on activating the pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Michael Krauthammer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
MEK inhibitor treatment is effective in a patient with metastatic carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater with BRAF and NRAS mutations shown by next-generation sequencing. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:569-72. [PMID: 27075779 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a case of an 84-year-old woman who developed obstructive jaundice and was diagnosed with nonoperable adenocarcinoma originating from the ampulla of Vater, a lethal disease with a median overall survival of less than a year. Her tumor was examined by next-generation sequencing, which showed BRAF and NRAS mutations. To target these mutations, a MEK inhibitor was chosen for treatment. The patient has been treated with a MEK inhibitor for the last 12 months since diagnosis, with clinical and laboratory improvement and manageable side effects. PET-computed tomography imaging has shown stable disease or improvement in the primary and metastatic lesions. This is the first case report of an ampulla of a Vater cancer patient with NRAS and BRAF mutations, identified in next-generation sequencing, and treated successfully with a MEK inhibitor.
Collapse
|
56
|
Turski ML, Vidwans SJ, Janku F, Garrido-Laguna I, Munoz J, Schwab R, Subbiah V, Rodon J, Kurzrock R. Genomically Driven Tumors and Actionability across Histologies: BRAF-Mutant Cancers as a Paradigm. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:533-47. [PMID: 27009213 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis, classification, and management of cancer are traditionally dictated by the site of tumor origin, for example, breast or lung, and by specific histologic subtypes of site-of-origin cancers (e.g., non-small cell versus small cell lung cancer). However, with the advent of sequencing technologies allowing for rapid, low cost, and accurate sequencing of clinical samples, new observations suggest an expanded or different approach to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-one driven by the unique molecular features of the tumor. We discuss a genomically driven strategy for cancer treatment using BRAF as an example. Several key points are highlighted: (i) molecular aberrations can be shared across cancers; (ii) approximately 15% of all cancers harbor BRAF mutations; and (iii) BRAF inhibitors, while approved only for melanoma, have reported activity across numerous cancers and related disease types bearing BRAF aberrations. However, BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer has shown poor response rate to BRAF inhibitor monotherapy, striking a cautionary note. Yet, even in this case, emerging data suggest BRAF-mutated colorectal cancers can respond well to BRAF inhibitors, albeit when administered in combination with other agents that impact resistance pathways. Taken together, these data suggest that molecular aberrations may be the basis for a new nosology for cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 533-47. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics - a Phase I Clinical Trials Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Javier Munoz
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona
| | - Richard Schwab
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics - a Phase I Clinical Trials Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Vall d'Hebron Institut d'Oncologia and Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Design and synthesis of new potent anticancer benzothiazole amides and ureas featuring pyridylamide moiety and possessing dual B-Raf(V600E) and C-Raf kinase inhibitory activities. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:201-16. [PMID: 27017549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new series of benzothiazole amide and urea derivatives tethered with the privileged pyridylamide moiety by ether linkage at the 6-position of benzothiazole (22 final compounds) has been designed and synthesized as potent anticancer sorafenib analogs. A selected group of twelve derivatives was appraised for its antiproliferative activity over a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines at a single dose concentration of 10 μM at National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA). Compounds 4b, 5a, 5b and 5d exhibited promising growth inhibitions and thus were further tested in advanced 5-dose testing assay to determine their GI50 values. The cellular based assay results revealed that 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylphenyl (5b) urea member is the best derivative with superior potency and efficacy compared to sorafenib as well as notable extended spectrum activity covering 57 human cancer cell lines. Kinase screening of compound 5b showed its kinase inhibitory effect against both B-Raf(V600E) and C-Raf. Moreover, the most potent derivatives in cells were investigated for their RAF inhibitory activities, and the results were rationalized with the molecular docking study. Profiling of CYP450 and hERG channel inhibitory effects for the active compounds revealed their low possibilities to exhibit undesirable drug-drug interactions and cardiac side effects.
Collapse
|
58
|
Aman W, Lee J, Kim M, Yang S, Jung H, Hah JM. Discovery of highly selective CRAF inhibitors, 3-carboxamido-2H-indazole-6-arylamide: In silico FBLD design, synthesis and evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1188-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
59
|
Akabane H, Sullivan RJ. The Future of Molecular Analysis in Melanoma: Diagnostics to Direct Molecularly Targeted Therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2016; 17:1-10. [PMID: 26518880 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-015-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignancy of pigment-producing cells that is driven by a variety of genetic mutations and aberrations. In most cases, this leads to upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through activating mutations of upstream mediators of the pathway including BRAF and NRAS. With the advent of effective MAPK pathway inhibitors, including the US FDA-approved BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib, molecular analysis has become an integral part of the care of patients with metastatic melanoma. In this article, the key molecular targets and strategies to inhibit these targets therapeutically are presented, and the techniques of identifying these targets, in both tissue and blood, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Akabane
- Department of Medicine, Metrowest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Center for Melanoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Liu C, Chen Z, Chen Y, Lu J, Li Y, Wang S, Wu G, Qian F. Improving Oral Bioavailability of Sorafenib by Optimizing the "Spring" and "Parachute" Based on Molecular Interaction Mechanisms. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:599-608. [PMID: 26709621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is a clinically important oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of various cancers. However, the oral bioavailability of sorafenib tablet (Nexavar) is merely 38-49% relative to the oral solution, due to the low aqueous solubility of sorafenib and its relatively high daily dose. It is desirable to improve the oral bioavailability of sorafenib to expand the therapeutic window, reduce the drug resistance, and enhance patient compliance. In this study, we observed that the solubility of sorafenib could be increased ∼50-fold in the coexistence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), due to the formation of PVP-VA/SLS complexes at a lower critical aggregation concentration. The enhanced solubility provided a faster initial sorafenib dissolution rate, analogous to a forceful "spring" to release drug into solution, from tablets containing both PVP-VA and SLS. However, SLS appears to impair the ability of PVP-VA to act as an efficient "parachute" to keep the drug in solution and maintain drug supersaturation. Using 2D (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and FT-IR analysis, we concluded that the solubility enhancement and supersaturation of sorafenib were achieved by PVP-VA/SLS complexes and PVP-VA/sorafenib interaction, respectively, both through molecular interactions hinged on the PVP-VA VA groups. Therefore, a balance between "spring" and "parachute" must be carefully considered in formulation design. To confirm the in vivo relevance of these molecular interaction mechanisms, we prepared three tablet formulations containing PVP-VA alone, SLS alone, and PVP-VA/SLS in combination. The USP II in vitro dissolution and dog pharmacokinetic in vivo evaluation showed clear differentiation between these three formulations, and also good in vitro-in vivo correlation. The formulation containing PVP-VA alone demonstrated the best bioavailability with 1.85-fold and 1.79-fold increases in Cmax and AUC, respectively, compared with the formulation containing SLS only, the poorest performing one. Despite its forceful "spring", the formulation containing both PVP-VA and SLS showed a moderate bioavailability enhancement, due to the lack of an efficient "parachute".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuejie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoliang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Zheng D, Wang R, Pan Y, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Li H, Cheng C, Gong R, Li Y, Shen X, Hu H, Cai D, Cheng X, Sun Y, Chen H. Prevalence and Clinicopathological Characteristics of BRAF Mutations in Chinese Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:1284-1291. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
62
|
Chang HC, Huang YT, Chen CS, Chen YW, Huang YT, Su JC, Teng LJ, Shiau CW, Chiu HC. In vitro and in vivo activity of a novel sorafenib derivative SC5005 against MRSA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:449-59. [PMID: 26553845 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The emergence of MRSA strains resistant to most antibiotics is a serious threat to public health. Based on our discovery that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib exhibits inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus species, the objective of this study is to exploit this unique antibacterial activity of sorafenib to develop novel antibacterial agents against MRSA. METHODS A sorafenib-based focused compound library was synthesized by substituting the pyridinyl and phenyl groups with different functional groups. The resulting sorafenib derivatives were screened for growth-suppressive activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis following CLSI guidelines and for cytotoxicity towards human cells using MTT cell viability assays. Compounds with high selectivity for bacterial inhibition over cytotoxicity were further evaluated by time-kill assay and Caenorhabditis elegans and mice survival assays to evaluate their efficacy in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The screening of sorafenib derivatives led to the identification of compound SC5005 as a lead compound with high potency in killing different clinical strains of MRSA with an MIC90 of 0.5 mg/L and with low cytotoxicity, as demonstrated by IC50-to-MIC ratios of up to 40. In addition, SC5005 showed a significant protective effect in MSSA- or MRSA-infected C. elegans. Intraperitoneal administration of SC5005 at 10 mg/kg significantly improved the survival of MRSA-infected C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS In light of its high potency in suppressing MRSA in both in vitro and in vivo models, SC5005 represents a potential lead agent for continued preclinical development as a therapeutic intervention against MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chu Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jeng Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chieh Chiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zou Z, Yin Y, Lin J, Hsu LCJ, Brandon VL, Yang F, Jove R, Jandial R, Li G, Chen MY. Convection-enhanced delivery of sorafenib and suppression of tumor progression in a murine model of brain melanoma through the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:1310-8. [PMID: 26544779 DOI: 10.3171/2015.3.jns132040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Despite recent advances, metastatic melanoma remains a terminal disease, in which life-threatening brain metastasis occurs in approximately half of patients. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro. However, systemic administration has been ineffective because adequate tissue concentrations cannot be achieved. This study investigated if convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of sorafenib would enhance tumor control and survival via inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway in a murine model of metastatic brain melanoma. METHODS Melanoma cells treated with sorafenib in vitro were examined for signaling and survival changes. The effect of sorafenib given by CED was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and animal survival. RESULTS The results showed that sorafenib induced cell death in the 4 established melanoma cell lines and in 1 primary cultured melanoma cell line. Sorafenib inhibited Stat3 phosphorylation in HTB65, WYC1, and B16 cells. Accordingly, sorafenib treatment also decreased expression of Mcl-1 mRNA in melanoma cell lines. Because sorafenib targets multiple pathways, the present study demonstrated the contribution of the Stat3 pathway by showing that mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) Stat3 +/+ cells were significantly more sensitive to sorafenib than MEF Stat3 -/- cells. In the murine model of melanoma brain metastasis used in this study, CED of sorafenib increased survival by 150% in the treatment group compared with animals receiving the vehicle control (p < 0.01). CED of sorafenib also significantly abrogated tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study indicate that local delivery of sorafenib effectively controls brain melanoma. These findings validate further investigation of the use of CED to distribute molecularly targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zou
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Yufang Yin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Jenny Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Li-Chen J Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Vanessa L Brandon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Fan Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Richard Jove
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Gang Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Mike Y Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Clinical detection and categorization of uncommon and concomitant mutations involving BRAF. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:779. [PMID: 26498038 PMCID: PMC4619530 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective BRAF inhibitors, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, and the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, have been approved for treatment of metastatic melanomas with a BRAF p.V600E mutation. The clinical significance of non-codon 600 mutations remains unclear, in part, due to variation of kinase activity for different mutants. METHODS In this study, we categorized BRAF mutations according to the reported mutant kinase activity. A total of 1027 lung cancer, colorectal cancer or melanoma specimens were submitted for clinical mutation detection by next generation sequencing. RESULTS Non-codon 600 mutations were observed in 37% of BRAF-mutated tumors. Of all BRAF mutants, 75% were kinase-activated, 15% kinase-impaired and 10% kinase-unknown. The most common kinase-impaired mutant involves codon 594, specifically, p.D594G (c.1781A > G) and p.D594N (c.1780G > A). Lung cancers showed significantly higher incidences of kinase-impaired or kinase-unknown mutants. Kinase-impaired BRAF mutants showed a significant association with concomitant activating KRAS or NRAS mutations, but not PIK3CA mutations, supporting the reported interaction of these mutations. CONCLUSIONS BRAF mutants with impaired or unknown kinase activity as well as concomitant kinase-impaired BRAF mutations and RAS mutations were detected in lung cancers, colorectal cancers and melanomas. Different therapeutic strategies based on the BRAF mutant kinase activity and the concomitant mutations may be worthwhile.
Collapse
|
65
|
Karachaliou N, Pilotto S, Teixidó C, Viteri S, González-Cao M, Riso A, Morales-Espinosa D, Molina MA, Chaib I, Santarpia M, Richardet E, Bria E, Rosell R. Melanoma: oncogenic drivers and the immune system. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:265. [PMID: 26605311 PMCID: PMC4630557 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances and in-depth understanding of the biology of melanoma over the past 30 years have contributed to a change in the consideration of melanoma as one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies. The finding that oncogenic BRAF mutations drive tumor growth in up to 50% of melanomas led to a molecular therapy revolution for unresectable and metastatic disease. Moving beyond BRAF, inactivation of immune regulatory checkpoints that limit T cell responses to melanoma has provided targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular biology of melanoma and we focus on the recent advances of molecularly targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
66
|
Galun D, Basaric D, Zuvela M, Bulajic P, Bogdanovic A, Bidzic N, Milicevic M. Hepatocellular carcinoma: From clinical practice to evidence-based treatment protocols. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2274-91. [PMID: 26380652 PMCID: PMC4568488 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i20.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major malignant diseases in many healthcare systems. The growing number of new cases diagnosed each year is nearly equal to the number of deaths from this cancer. Worldwide, HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, as it is the fifth most common cancer and the third most important cause of cancer related death in men. Among various risk factors the two are prevailing: viral hepatitis, namely chronic hepatitis C virus is a well-established risk factor contributing to the rising incidence of HCC. The epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, not only in the United States but also in Asia, tend to become the leading cause of the long-term rise in the HCC incidence. Today, the diagnosis of HCC is established within the national surveillance programs in developed countries while the diagnosis of symptomatic, advanced stage disease still remains the characteristic of underdeveloped countries. Although many different staging systems have been developed and evaluated the Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging system has emerged as the most useful to guide HCC treatment. Treatment allocation should be decided by a multidisciplinary board involving hepatologists, pathologists, radiologists, liver surgeons and oncologists guided by personalized -based medicine. This approach is important not only to balance between different oncologic treatments strategies but also due to the complexity of the disease (chronic liver disease and the cancer) and due to the large number of potentially efficient therapies. Careful patient selection and a tailored treatment modality for every patient, either potentially curative (surgical treatment and tumor ablation) or palliative (transarterial therapy, radioembolization and medical treatment, i.e., sorafenib) is mandatory to achieve the best treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Galun
- Danijel Galun, Dragan Basaric, Marinko Zuvela, Predrag Bulajic, Aleksandar Bogdanovic, Nemanja Bidzic, Miroslav Milicevic, Clinic of Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Basaric
- Danijel Galun, Dragan Basaric, Marinko Zuvela, Predrag Bulajic, Aleksandar Bogdanovic, Nemanja Bidzic, Miroslav Milicevic, Clinic of Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marinko Zuvela
- Danijel Galun, Dragan Basaric, Marinko Zuvela, Predrag Bulajic, Aleksandar Bogdanovic, Nemanja Bidzic, Miroslav Milicevic, Clinic of Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Bulajic
- Danijel Galun, Dragan Basaric, Marinko Zuvela, Predrag Bulajic, Aleksandar Bogdanovic, Nemanja Bidzic, Miroslav Milicevic, Clinic of Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Bogdanovic
- Danijel Galun, Dragan Basaric, Marinko Zuvela, Predrag Bulajic, Aleksandar Bogdanovic, Nemanja Bidzic, Miroslav Milicevic, Clinic of Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Bidzic
- Danijel Galun, Dragan Basaric, Marinko Zuvela, Predrag Bulajic, Aleksandar Bogdanovic, Nemanja Bidzic, Miroslav Milicevic, Clinic of Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Milicevic
- Danijel Galun, Dragan Basaric, Marinko Zuvela, Predrag Bulajic, Aleksandar Bogdanovic, Nemanja Bidzic, Miroslav Milicevic, Clinic of Digestive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Izumchenko E, Chang X, Brait M, Fertig E, Kagohara LT, Bedi A, Marchionni L, Agrawal N, Ravi R, Jones S, Hoque MO, Westra WH, Sidransky D. Targeted sequencing reveals clonal genetic changes in the progression of early lung neoplasms and paired circulating DNA. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8258. [PMID: 26374070 PMCID: PMC4595648 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs resected for adenocarcinomas often harbour minute discrete foci of cytologically atypical pneumocyte proliferations designated as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Evidence suggests that AAH represents an initial step in the progression to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and fully invasive adenocarcinoma. Despite efforts to identify predictive markers of malignant transformation, alterations driving this progression are poorly understood. Here we perform targeted next-generation sequencing on multifocal AAHs and different zones of histologic progression within AISs and MIAs. Multiregion sequencing demonstrated different genetic drivers within the same tumour and reveal that clonal expansion is an early event of tumorigenesis. We find that KRAS, TP53 and EGFR mutations are indicators of malignant transition. Utilizing droplet digital PCR, we find alterations associated with early neoplasms in paired circulating DNA. This study provides insight into the heterogeneity of clonal events in the progression of early lung neoplasia and demonstrates that these events can be detected even before neoplasms have invaded and acquired malignant potential. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia is thought to be a precursor lesion for lung adenocarcinoma. Here, using targeted deep sequencing, the authors demonstrate that hyperplastic lesions contain somatic mutations associated with malignant disease and that these can be detected in circulating tumour cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Mariana Brait
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Elana Fertig
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Luciane T Kagohara
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Atul Bedi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Center for Computational Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Rajani Ravi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Sian Jones
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Inc., 2809 Boston Street, Suite 503, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - William H Westra
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Determination of the Anticancer Drug Sorafenib in Serum by Adsorptive Stripping Differential Pulse Voltammetry Using a Chitosan/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
69
|
Lau D, Magill ST, Aghi MK. Molecularly targeted therapies for recurrent glioblastoma: current and future targets. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 37:E15. [PMID: 25434384 DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.focus14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and diffusely infiltrative primary brain tumor. Recurrence is expected and is extremely difficult to treat. Over the past decade, the accumulation of knowledge regarding the molecular and genetic profile of glioblastoma has led to numerous molecularly targeted therapies. This article aims to review the literature and highlight the mechanisms and efficacies of molecularly targeted therapies for recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS A systematic search was performed with the phrase "(name of particular agent) and glioblastoma" as a search term in PubMed to identify all articles published up until 2014 that included this phrase in the title and/or abstract. The references of systematic reviews were also reviewed for additional sources. The review included clinical studies that comprised at least 20 patients and reported results for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma with molecular targeted therapies. RESULTS A total of 42 articles were included in this review. In the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma, various targeted therapies have been tested over the past 10-15 years. The targets of interest include epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, Ras pathway, protein kinase C, mammalian target of rapamycin, histone acetylation, and integrins. Unfortunately, the clinical responses to most available targeted therapies are modest at best. Radiographic responses generally range in the realm of 5%-20%. Progression-free survival at 6 months and overall survival were also modest with the majority of studies reporting a 10%-20% 6-month progression-free survival and 5- to 8-month overall survival. There have been several clinical trials evaluating the use of combination therapy for molecularly targeted treatments. In general, the outcomes for combination therapy tend to be superior to single-agent therapy, regardless of the specific agent studied. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent glioblastoma remains very difficult to treat, even with molecular targeted therapies and anticancer agents. The currently available targeted therapy regimens have poor to modest activity against recurrent glioblastoma. As newer agents are actively being developed, combination regimens have provided the most promising results for improving outcomes. Targeted therapies matched to molecular profiles of individual tumors are predicted to be a critical component necessary for improving efficacy in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Lau
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wang H, Qian Z, Zhao H, Zhang X, Che S, Zhang H, Shang H, Bao J, Hao C, Liu J, Li Z. CSN5 silencing reverses sorafenib resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3902-3908. [PMID: 26035694 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumor types, and is the third leading cause of cancer mortalities worldwide. A large number of patients with HCC are diagnosed at a late stage when the curative treatment of surgical resection and liver transplantation are no longer applicable. Sorafenib has been proved to improve overall survival in advanced HCC; however, drug resistance is common. The present study reported that the CSN5 is correlated with sorafenib resistance of the HCC cell line HepG2/S. Following silencing of CSN5, resistance to sorafenib was reversed, and multi-drug‑resistance proteins, including as adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC)B1, ABCC2 and ABCG2 as well as CDK6, cyclin D1 and B‑cell lymphoma 2 were downregulated. In addition, it was demonstrated that the integrin beta-1, transforming growth factor‑β1 and nuclear factor‑κB pathways were modified by CSN5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Entry‑Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, International Travel Healthcare Center, Tianjin 300456, P.R. China
| | - Xibo Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiang Che
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Jianheng Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Junjian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery (2), Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Shi JH, Chen J, Wang J, Zhu YY. Binding interaction between sorafenib and calf thymus DNA: spectroscopic methodology, viscosity measurement and molecular docking. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt B:443-450. [PMID: 25311519 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The binding interaction of sorafenib with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was studied using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), viscosity measurement and molecular docking methods. The experimental results revealed that there was obvious binding interaction between sorafenib and ct-DNA. The binding constant (Kb) of sorafenib with ct-DNA was 5.6×10(3) M(-1) at 298 K. The enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔH(0) and ΔS(0)) in the binding process of sorafenib with ct-DNA were -27.66 KJ mol(-1) and -21.02 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively, indicating that the main binding interaction forces were van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding. The docking results suggested that sorafenib preferred to bind on the minor groove of A-T rich DNA and the binding site of sorafenib was 4 base pairs long. The conformation change of sorafenib in the sorafenib-DNA complex was obviously observed and the change was close relation with the structure of DNA, implying that the flexibility of sorafenib molecule played an important role in the formation of the stable sorafenib-ct-DNA complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ying-Yao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:27. [PMID: 25645078 PMCID: PMC4320814 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of melanomas contain a mutation in NRAS. However no direct inhibitor of NRAS is available. One of the main signaling pathways downstream of NRAS is the MAPK pathway. In this study we investigated the possibility of blocking oncogenic signaling of NRAS by inhibiting two signaling points in the MAPK pathway. METHODS Fourteen NRAS mutated human melanoma cell lines were treated with a pan-RAF inhibitor (PRi, Amgen Compd A), a MEK inhibitor (MEKi, trametinib) or their combination and the effects on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, transcription profile and signaling of the cells were investigated. RESULTS The majority of the cell lines showed a significant growth inhibition, with high levels of synergism of the PRi and MEKi combination. Sensitive cell lines showed induction of apoptosis by the combination treatment and there was a correlation between p-MEK levels and synergistic effect of the combination treatment. Proliferation of sensitive cell lines was blocked by the inhibition of the MAPK pathway, which also blocked expression of cyclin D1. However, in resistant cell lines, proliferation was blocked by combined inhibition of the MAPK pathway and cyclin D3, which is not regulated by the MAPK pathway. Resistant cell lines also showed higher levels of p-GSK3β and less perturbation of the apoptotic profile upon the treatment in comparison with the sensitive cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PRi + MEKi can be an effective regimen for blocking proliferation of NRAS mutant melanomas when there is higher activity of the MAPK pathway and dependence of proliferation and survival on this pathway.
Collapse
|
73
|
Gollard R, Garcia D, Natale R. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and sorafenib. Clin Case Rep 2015; 2:206-8. [PMID: 25614813 PMCID: PMC4302627 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas are not often thought to sensitive to targeted agents, like their cousin the adenocarcinoma of the lung. With appropriate testing of molecular markers, squamous cell carcinomas, like adenocarcinomas of the lung, melanomas, and renal cell carcinomas, may be found to be sensitive to newer, targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell Gollard
- Cancer & Blood Specialists of Nevada 2460 W. Horizon Ridge Pkwy., Henderson, Nevada, 89052
| | - Diana Garcia
- Quest Diagnostics 4230 Burnham Ave., Las Vegas, Nevada, 89119
| | - Ron Natale
- Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center 8700 Beverly Blvd, Suite AC10, West Hollywood, California, 90048
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Flaherty DP, Miller JR, Garshott DM, Hedrick M, Gosalia P, Li Y, Milewski M, Sugarman E, Vasile S, Salaniwal S, Su Y, Smith LH, Chung TDY, Pinkerton AB, Aubé J, Callaghan MU, Golden JE, Fribley AM, Kaufman RJ. Discovery of Sulfonamidebenzamides as Selective Apoptotic CHOP Pathway Activators of the Unfolded Protein Response. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1278-1283. [PMID: 25530830 PMCID: PMC4266338 DOI: 10.1021/ml5003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
Cellular proteins that fail to fold
properly result in inactive
or disfunctional proteins that can have toxic functions. The unfolded
protein response (UPR) is a two-tiered cellular mechanism initiated
by eukaryotic cells that have accumulated misfolded proteins within
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). An adaptive pathway facilitates the
clearance of the undesired proteins; however, if overwhelmed, cells
trigger apoptosis by upregulating transcription factors such as C/EBP-homologous
protein (CHOP). A high throughput screen was performed directed at
identifying compounds that selectively upregulate the apoptotic CHOP
pathway while avoiding adaptive signaling cascades, resulting in a
sulfonamidebenzamide chemotype that was optimized. These efforts produced
a potent and selective CHOP inducer (AC50 = 0.8 μM;
XBP1 > 80 μM), which was efficacious in both mouse embryonic
fibroblast cells and a human oral squamous cell cancer cell line,
and demonstrated antiproliferative effects for multiple cancer cell
lines in the NCI-60 panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Flaherty
- Delbert
M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Justin R. Miller
- Carmen
and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute Molecular Therapeutics
Group, Wayne State University, 2228 Elliman Building, 421 East
Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Danielle M. Garshott
- Carmen
and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute Molecular Therapeutics
Group, Wayne State University, 2228 Elliman Building, 421 East
Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Michael Hedrick
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Palak Gosalia
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yujie Li
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Monika Milewski
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Eliot Sugarman
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Stefan Vasile
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Sumeet Salaniwal
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ying Su
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Layton H. Smith
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Thomas D. Y. Chung
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anthony B. Pinkerton
- Conrad
Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Delbert
M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Michael U. Callaghan
- Carmen
and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute Molecular Therapeutics
Group, Wayne State University, 2228 Elliman Building, 421 East
Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Golden
- Delbert
M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Andrew M. Fribley
- Carmen
and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute Molecular Therapeutics
Group, Wayne State University, 2228 Elliman Building, 421 East
Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Program
in Degenerative Disease Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Burd CE, Liu W, Huynh MV, Waqas MA, Gillahan JE, Clark KS, Fu K, Martin BL, Jeck WR, Souroullas GP, Darr DB, Zedek DC, Miley MJ, Baguley BC, Campbell SL, Sharpless NE. Mutation-specific RAS oncogenicity explains NRAS codon 61 selection in melanoma. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:1418-29. [PMID: 25252692 PMCID: PMC4258185 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED NRAS mutation at codons 12, 13, or 61 is associated with transformation; yet, in melanoma, such alterations are nearly exclusive to codon 61. Here, we compared the melanoma susceptibility of an NrasQ61R knock-in allele to similarly designed KrasG12D and NrasG12D alleles. With concomitant p16INK4a inactivation, KrasG12D or NrasQ61R expression efficiently promoted melanoma in vivo, whereas NrasG12D did not. In addition, NrasQ61R mutation potently cooperated with Lkb1/Stk11 loss to induce highly metastatic disease. Functional comparisons of NrasQ61R and NrasG12D revealed little difference in the ability of these proteins to engage PI3K or RAF. Instead, NrasQ61R showed enhanced nucleotide binding, decreased intrinsic GTPase activity, and increased stability when compared with NrasG12D. This work identifies a faithful model of human NRAS-mutant melanoma, and suggests that the increased melanomagenecity of NrasQ61R over NrasG12D is due to heightened abundance of the active, GTP-bound form rather than differences in the engagement of downstream effector pathways. SIGNIFICANCE This work explains the curious predominance in human melanoma of mutations of codon 61 of NRAS over other oncogenic NRAS mutations. Using conditional "knock-in" mouse models, we show that physiologic expression of NRASQ61R, but not NRASG12D, drives melanoma formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wenjin Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Minh V Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meriam A Waqas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James E Gillahan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kelly S Clark
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kailing Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brit L Martin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William R Jeck
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - George P Souroullas
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David B Darr
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel C Zedek
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Miley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
The dual RAF/MEK inhibitor CH5126766/RO5126766 may be a potential therapy for RAS-mutated tumor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113217. [PMID: 25422890 PMCID: PMC4244135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, recent advances in BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors against BRAF-mutated melanoma have improved survival rates. Despite these advances, a treatment strategy targeting NRAS-mutated melanoma has not yet been elucidated. We discovered CH5126766/RO5126766 as a potent and selective dual RAF/MEK inhibitor currently under early clinical trials. We examined the activity of CH5126766/RO5126766 in a panel of malignant tumor cell lines including melanoma with a BRAF or NRAS mutation. Eight cell lines including melanoma were assessed for their sensitivity to the BRAF, MEK, or RAF/MEK inhibitor using in vitro growth assays. CH5126766/RO5126766 induced G1 cell cycle arrest in two melanoma cell lines with the BRAF V600E or NRAS mutation. In these cells, the G1 cell cycle arrest was accompanied by up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and down-regulation of cyclinD1. CH5126766/RO5126766 was more effective at reducing colony formation than a MEK inhibitor in NRAS- or KRAS-mutated cells. In the RAS-mutated cells, CH5126766/RO5126766 suppressed the MEK reactivation caused by a MEK inhibitor. In addition, CH5126766/RO5126766 suppressed the tumor growth in SK-MEL-2 xenograft model. The present study indicates that CH5126766/RO5126766 is an attractive RAF/MEK inhibitor in RAS-mutated malignant tumor cells including melanoma.
Collapse
|
77
|
Geurts-Giele WRR, Leenen CHM, Dubbink HJ, Meijssen IC, Post E, Sleddens HFBM, Kuipers EJ, Goverde A, van den Ouweland AMW, van Lier MGF, Steyerberg EW, van Leerdam ME, Wagner A, Dinjens WNM. Somatic aberrations of mismatch repair genes as a cause of microsatellite-unstable cancers. J Pathol 2014; 234:548-59. [PMID: 25111426 DOI: 10.1002/path.4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, resulting in microsatellite-unstable tumours. Approximately 35% of suspected LS (sLS) patients test negative for germline MMR gene mutations, hampering conclusive LS diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate somatic MMR gene aberrations in microsatellite-unstable colorectal and endometrial cancers of sLS patients negative for germline MMR gene mutations. Suspected LS cases were selected from a retrospective Clinical Genetics Department diagnostic cohort and from a prospective multicentre population-based study on LS in The Netherlands. In total, microsatellite-unstable tumours of 40 sLS patients (male/female 20/20, median age 57 years) were screened for somatic MMR gene mutations by next-generation sequencing. In addition, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the affected MMR genes in these tumours as well as in 68 LS-associated tumours and 27 microsatellite-unstable tumours with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation was studied. Of the sLS cases, 5/40 (13%) tumours had two pathogenic somatic mutations and 16/40 (40%) tumours had a (likely) pathogenic mutation and LOH. Overall, LOH of the affected MMR gene locus was observed in 24/39 (62%) tumours with informative LOH markers. Of the LS cases and the tumours with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, 39/61 (64%) and 2/21 (10%) tumours, respectively, demonstrated LOH. Half of microsatellite-unstable tumours of sLS patients without germline MMR gene mutations had two (likely) deleterious somatic MMR gene aberrations, indicating their sporadic origin. Therefore, we advocate adding somatic mutation and LOH analysis of the MMR genes to the molecular diagnostic workflow of LS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willemina R R Geurts-Giele
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
El-Gamal MI, Khan MA, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Gamal El-Din MM, Oh CH. A new series of diarylamides possessing quinoline nucleus: Synthesis, in vitro anticancer activities, and kinase inhibitory effect. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:484-92. [PMID: 25282271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a new series of diarylamides possessing 6,7-dimethoxy(dihydroxy)quinoline scaffold is described. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities against NCI-58 human cancer cell lines of nine different cancer types were tested. Compounds 1a and 1d-g showed the highest mean %inhibition values over the 58 cell line panel at 10 μM, and they were further tested in 5-dose testing mode to determine their IC50 values. The five compounds were more potent than Imatinib against all the cell lines of nine different cancer types. Compound 1g showed the highest potencies. It showed inhibitory effect against C-RAF kinase (76.65% at 10 μM concentration).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Ashrafuddin Khan
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Gamal El-Din
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
|
80
|
Siroy AE, Boland GM, Milton DR, Roszik J, Frankian S, Malke J, Haydu L, Prieto VG, Tetzlaff M, Ivan D, Wang WL, Torres-Cabala C, Curry J, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Broaddus R, Rashid A, Stewart J, Gershenwald JE, Amaria RN, Patel SP, Papadopoulos NE, Bedikian A, Hwu WJ, Hwu P, Diab A, Woodman SE, Aldape KD, Luthra R, Patel KP, Shaw KR, Mills GB, Mendelsohn J, Meric-Bernstam F, Kim KB, Routbort MJ, Lazar AJ, Davies MA. Beyond BRAF(V600): clinical mutation panel testing by next-generation sequencing in advanced melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:508-515. [PMID: 25148578 PMCID: PMC4289407 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The management of melanoma has evolved due to improved understanding of its molecular drivers. To augment the current understanding of the prevalence, patterns, and associations of mutations in this disease, the results of clinical testing of 699 advanced melanoma patients using a pan-cancer next generation sequencing (NGS) panel of hotspot regions in 46 genes were reviewed. Mutations were identified in 43 of the 46 genes on the panel. The most common mutations were BRAFV600 (36%), NRAS (21%), TP53 (16%), BRAFNon-V600 (6%), and KIT (4%). Approximately one-third of melanomas had >1 mutation detected, and the number of mutations per tumor was associated with melanoma subtype. Concurrent TP53 mutations were the most frequent event in tumors with BRAFV600 and NRAS mutations. Melanomas with BRAFNon-V600 mutations frequently harbored concurrent NRAS mutations (18%), which were rare in tumors with BRAFV600 mutations (1.6%). The prevalence of BRAFV600 and KIT mutations were significantly associated with melanoma subtypes, and BRAFV600 and TP53 mutations were significantly associated with cutaneous primary tumor location. Multiple potential therapeutic targets were identified in metastatic unknown primary and cutaneous melanomas that lacked BRAFV600 and NRAS mutations. These results enrich our understanding of the patterns and clinical associations of oncogenic mutations in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Siroy
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Silva Frankian
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jared Malke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Haydu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Doina Ivan
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Curry
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Stewart
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas E Papadopoulos
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Agop Bedikian
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen-Jen Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenna R Shaw
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Mendelsohn
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin B Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark J Routbort
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Pryma DA, Mandel SJ. Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer in the era of risk stratification and alternative targeted therapies. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1485-91. [PMID: 25134528 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancers are typically iodine-avid and can be effectively treated with radioiodine. In most patients, radioiodine treatment is done for ablation of residual tissue, and in these cases the focus should be on using the minimum effective dose. Adjuvant therapy can be done to reduce the risk of recurrence, but optimal patient selection and dose are unclear. Patients with advanced disease benefit most from treatment with the maximum-tolerated dose. Recent research has focused on better patient selection and reduced radioiodine doses for remnant ablation. There are emerging targeted therapeutic approaches in patients who are appropriately shown to have iodine-refractory disease, with 1 drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Numerous trials are ongoing to assess targeted therapeutics alone or in combination with radioiodine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Pryma
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Susan J Mandel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Santini F, Corrado A, Materazzi G, Ulisse S, Miccoli P, Antonelli A. Sorafenib and thyroid cancer. BioDrugs 2014; 27:615-28. [PMID: 23818056 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib (Nexavar) is a multikinase inhibitor, which has demonstrated both anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the activity of targets present in the tumor cell [c-RAF (proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase), BRAF, (V600E)BRAF, c-KIT, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3] and in tumor vessels (c-RAF, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β). For several years, sorafenib has been approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced renal cell carcinoma. After previous studies showing that sorafenib was able to inhibit oncogenic RET mutants, (V600E)BRAF, and angiogenesis and growth of orthotopic anaplastic thyroid cancer xenografts in nude mice, some clinical trials demonstrated the effectiveness of sorafenib in advanced thyroid cancer. Currently, the evaluation of the clinical safety and efficacy of sorafenib for the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer is ongoing. This article reviews the anti-neoplastic effect of sorafenib in thyroid cancer. Several completed (or ongoing) studies have evaluated the long-term efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib in patients with papillary and medullary aggressive thyroid cancer. The results suggest that sorafenib is a promising therapeutic option in patients with advanced thyroid cancer that is not responsive to traditional therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Mirshafiey A, Ghalamfarsa G, Asghari B, Azizi G. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: New Hope for Success in Multiple Sclerosis Therapy. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 11:23-36. [PMID: 25337443 PMCID: PMC4204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are essential components of signal transduction pathways that mediate cell-to-cell communication and their function as relay points for signaling pathways. They have a key role in numerous processes that control cellular proliferation and differentiation, regulate cell growth and cellular metabolism, and promote cell survival and apoptosis. Recently, the role of RTKs including TCR, FLT-3, c-Kit, c-Fms, PDGFR, ephrin, neurotrophin receptor, and TAM receptor in autoimmune disorder, especially rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis has been suggested. In multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, RTKs and their tyrosine kinase enzymes are selective important targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) agents. TKIs, compete with the ATP binding site of the catalytic domain of several tyrosine kinases, and act as small molecules that have a favorable safety profile in disease treatment. Up to now, the efficacy of TKIs in numerous animal models of MS has been demonstrated, but application of these drugs in human diseases should be tested in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mirshafiey
- Dr. Mirshafiey is from the Departmant of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Ghalamfarsa is from Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Dr. Asghari is from Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Azizi is from Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Dr. Mirshafiey is from the Departmant of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Ghalamfarsa is from Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Dr. Asghari is from Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Azizi is from Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Babak Asghari
- Dr. Mirshafiey is from the Departmant of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Ghalamfarsa is from Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Dr. Asghari is from Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Azizi is from Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Dr. Mirshafiey is from the Departmant of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Ghalamfarsa is from Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Dr. Asghari is from Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Dr. Azizi is from Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Morris V, Overman MJ, Jiang ZQ, Garrett C, Agarwal S, Eng C, Kee B, Fogelman D, Dasari A, Wolff R, Maru D, Kopetz S. Progression-free survival remains poor over sequential lines of systemic therapy in patients with BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2014; 13:164-71. [PMID: 25069797 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF mutations occur in 5% to 10% of metastatic colorectal cancers and are biomarkers associated with a poor prognosis. However, the outcomes with standard chemotherapy over sequential lines of therapy in a large cohort of patients with BRAF-mutant tumors have not been described. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center databases for patients with colorectal cancer and identified BRAF mutations between December 2003 and May 2012. Patients were analyzed for clinical characteristics, PFS, overall survival, and chemotherapeutic agents used. Survival was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among the 1567 patients tested for BRAF mutations at our institution, 127 (8.1%) had tumors with BRAF mutations. The 71 patients who presented with metastatic disease received a median of 2 lines of chemotherapy. For the first 3 lines of chemotherapy, median PFS was 6.3 months (n = 69 patients; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-7.7 months), 2.5 months (n = 58 patients; 95% CI, 1.8-3.0 months), and 2.6 months (n = 31 patients; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2 months), respectively. Median PFS was not affected by the backbone chemotherapeutic agent in the first-line setting, whether oxaliplatin-based or irinotecan-based (6.4 months vs. 5.4 months, respectively; P = .99). CONCLUSION PFS is expectedly poor for patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. Despite the ascertainment bias present (with testing preferentially performed in patients suitable for clinical trials in refractory disease), these data provide historic controls suitable for future study design and support the idea that novel therapeutic options are essential in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Morris
- Department of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zhi-Qin Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher Garrett
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan Kee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Fogelman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dipen Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Growth factor transduction pathways: paradigm of anti-neoplastic targeted therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:723-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
86
|
Abstract
From 1976 to 2010, only 2 medications were approved for treating metastatic melanoma. Between 2011 and 2013, 4 agents were approved and other therapies have shown great promise in clinical trials. Fundamental discoveries, such as the identification of oncogenic mutations in most melanomas, the elucidation of the molecular signaling resulting from these mutations, and the revelation that several cell surface molecules serve as regulators of immune activation, have been instrumental in this progress. This article summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma, describes the current efforts to target oncogene-driven signaling, and presents the rationale for combining immune and molecular targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Sullivan
- Center for Melanoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Bartlett 6, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Molecular pathology of malignant melanoma: changing the clinical practice paradigm toward a personalized approach. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1315-26. [PMID: 24856851 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic proliferations are notoriously difficult lesions to evaluate histologically, even among experts, as there is a lack of objective, highly reproducible criteria, which can be broadly applied to the wide range of melanocytic lesions encountered in daily practice. These difficult diagnoses are undeniably further compounded by the substantial medicolegal risks of an "erroneous" diagnosis. Molecular information and classification of melanocytic lesions is already vast and constantly expanding. The application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis of benignity or malignancy is, at times, confusing and limits its utility if not used properly. In addition, current and future therapies will necessitate molecular classification of melanoma into one of several distinct subtypes for appropriate patient-specific therapy. An understanding of what different molecular markers can and cannot predict is of the utmost importance. We discuss both mutational analysis and chromosomal gains/losses to help clarify this continually developing and confusing facet of pathology.
Collapse
|
88
|
Shtivelman E, Davies MA, Hwu P, Yang J, Lotem M, Oren M, Flaherty KT, Fisher DE. Pathways and therapeutic targets in melanoma. Oncotarget 2014; 5:1701-52. [PMID: 24743024 PMCID: PMC4039128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of molecular pathways and their clinical relevance in melanoma. Metastatic melanoma was a grim diagnosis, but in recent years tremendous advances have been made in treatments. Chemotherapy provided little benefit in these patients, but development of targeted and new immune approaches made radical changes in prognosis. This would not have happened without remarkable advances in understanding the biology of disease and tremendous progress in the genomic (and other "omics") scale analyses of tumors. The big problems facing the field are no longer focused exclusively on the development of new treatment modalities, though this is a very busy area of clinical research. The focus shifted now to understanding and overcoming resistance to targeted therapies, and understanding the underlying causes of the heterogeneous responses to immune therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Hwu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Yang
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Washington DC, USA
| | - Michal Lotem
- Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - David E. Fisher
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wang Q, Beaumont KA, Otte NJ, Font J, Bailey CG, van Geldermalsen M, Sharp DM, Tiffen JC, Ryan RM, Jormakka M, Haass NK, Rasko JEJ, Holst J. Targeting glutamine transport to suppress melanoma cell growth. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1060-71. [PMID: 24531984 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids, especially leucine and glutamine, are important for tumor cell growth, survival and metabolism. A range of different transporters deliver each specific amino acid into cells, some of which are increased in cancer. These amino acids consequently activate the mTORC1 pathway and drive cell cycle progression. The leucine transporter LAT1/4F2hc heterodimer assembles as part of a large complex with the glutamine transporter ASCT2 to transport amino acids. In this study, we show that the expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 is significantly increased in human melanoma samples and is present in both BRAF(WT) (C8161 and WM852) and BRAF(V600E) mutant (1205Lu and 451Lu) melanoma cell lines. While inhibition of LAT1 by BCH did not suppress melanoma cell growth, the ASCT2 inhibitor BenSer significantly reduced both leucine and glutamine transport in melanoma cells, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 signaling. Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were significantly reduced in the presence of BenSer in melanoma cells in 2D and 3D cell culture. This included reduced expression of the cell cycle regulators CDK1 and UBE2C. The importance of ASCT2 expression in melanoma was confirmed by shRNA knockdown, which inhibited glutamine uptake, mTORC1 signaling and cell proliferation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that ASCT2-mediated glutamine transport is a potential therapeutic target for both BRAF(WT) and BRAF(V600E) melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Le devenir des thérapeutiques ciblant la voie RAS/RAF/ MEK/ERK en cancérologie : l’exemple des mélanomes. BULLETIN DE L'ACADÉMIE NATIONALE DE MÉDECINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4079(19)31345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
91
|
Boyle GM. Therapy for metastatic melanoma: an overview and update. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 11:725-37. [DOI: 10.1586/era.11.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
92
|
|
93
|
Abstract
The rapidly increasing incidence of melanoma, coupled with its highly aggressive metastatic nature, is of urgent concern. In order to design rational therapies, it is of critical importance to identify the genetic determinants that drive melanoma formation and progression. To date, signaling cascades emanating from the EGF receptor, c-MET and other receptors are known to be altered in melanoma. Important mutations in signaling molecules, such as BRAF and N-RAS, have been identified. In this review, some of the major genetic alterations and signaling pathways involved in melanoma will be discussed. Given the great deal of genetic heterogeneity observed in melanoma, it is likely that many more genetic determinants exist. Through the use of powerful genomic technologies, it is now possible to identify these additional genetic alterations in melanoma. A critical step in this analysis will be culling bystanders from functionally important drivers, as this will highlight genetic elements that will be promising therapeutic targets. Such technologies and the important points to consider in understanding the genetics of melanoma will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Papia Ghosh
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Tel.: +1 617 258 8614, ,
| | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Abstract
Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar®) is an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Main targets are receptor tyrosine kinase pathways frequently deregulated in cancer such as the Raf-Ras pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Sorafenib was approved by the FDA in fast track for advanced renal cell cancer and hepatocellular cancer and shows good clinical activity in thyroid cancer. Multiple clinical trials are undertaken to further investigate the role of sorafenib alone or in combination for the treatment of various tumor entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hasskarl
- Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79102, Freiburg, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Reungwetwattana T, Dy GK. Targeted therapies in development for non-small cell lung cancer. J Carcinog 2013; 12:22. [PMID: 24574860 PMCID: PMC3927069 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.123972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The iterative discovery in various malignancies during the past decades that a number of aberrant tumorigenic processes and signal transduction pathways are mediated by "druggable" protein kinases has led to a revolutionary change in drug development. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the ErbB family of receptors (e.g., EGFR [epidermal growth factor receptor], HER2 [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]), RAS (rat sarcoma gene), BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) c-MET (c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition), FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor), DDR2 (discoidin domain receptor 2), PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha)), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), AKT (protein kinase B), ALK (anaplastic lym phoma kinase), RET (rearranged during transfection), ROS1 (reactive oxygen species 1) and EPH (erythropoietin-producing hepatoma) are key targets of various agents currently in clinical development. These oncogenic targets exert their selective growth advantage through various intercommunicating pathways, such as through RAS/RAF/MEK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and SRC-signal transduction and transcription signaling. The recent clinical studies, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and crizotinib were considered as strongly effective targeted therapies in metastatic NSCLC. Currently, five molecular targeted agents were approved for treatment of advanced NSCLC: Gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib for positive EGFR mutation, crizotinib for positive echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK translocation and bevacizumab. Moreover, oncogenic mutant proteins are subject to regulation by protein trafficking pathways, specifically through the heat shock protein 90 system. Drug combinations affecting various nodes in these signaling and intracellular processes are predicted and demonstrated to be synergistic and advantageous in overcoming treatment resistance compared with monotherapy approaches. Understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment in the development and maintenance of the malignant phenotype provided additional therapeutic approaches as well. More recently, improved knowledge on tumor immunology has set the stage for promising immunotherapies in NSCLC. This review will focus on the rationale for the development of targeted therapies in NSCLC and the various strategies employed in preventing or overcoming the inevitable occurrence of treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanyanan Reungwetwattana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Grace Kho Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Wang AX, Qi XY. Targeting RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling in metastatic melanoma. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:748-58. [PMID: 23893853 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Qi
- Department of Dermatology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian; People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Niu HT, Zhou QM, Wang F, Shao Q, Guan YX, Wen XZ, Chen LZ, Feng QS, Li W, Zeng YX, Zhang XS. Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase break points and oncogenic mutation profiles in acral/mucosal melanomas. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:646-53. [PMID: 23751074 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acral and mucosal melanomas, the two most common subtypes of melanoma in China, exhibit different genetic alterations and biologic behavior compared with other subtypes of melanomas. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic alterations in patients with acral or mucosal melanomas in southern China. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to assess the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) break points. Furthermore, a mass spectrometry-based genotyping platform was used to analyze 30 acral melanomas and 28 mucosal melanomas to profile 238 known somatic mutations in 19 oncogenes. ALK break points were identified in four acral cases (6.9%). Eight (13.8%) cases harbored BRAF mutations, six (10.3%) had NRAS mutations, four (6.9%) had KIT mutations, two (3.5%) had EGFR mutations, two (3.5%) had KRAS mutations, two (3.5%) had MET mutations, one (1.7%) had an HRAS mutation, and one (1.7%) had a PIK3CA mutation. Two cases exhibited co-occurring mutations, and one case with a BRAF mutation had a translocation in ALK. This study represents a comprehensive and concurrent analysis of the major recurrent oncogenic mutations involved in melanoma cases from southern China. These data have implications for both clinical trial designs and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Boyd J, Luo B, Peri S, Wirchansky B, Hughes L, Forsythe C, Wu H. Whole exome sequence analysis of serous borderline tumors of the ovary. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 130:560-4. [PMID: 23774303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serous borderline tumor (SBT) is a unique histopathologic entity of the ovary, believed to be intermediate between benign cystadenoma and invasive low-grade serous carcinoma. While somatic mutations in the KRAS or BRAF, and rarely ERBB2, genes have been well characterized in SBTs, other genetic alterations have not been described. Toward a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular genetic architecture of SBTs, we undertook whole exome sequencing of this tumor type. METHODS Following pathologic review and laser capture microdissection to enrich for tumor cells, whole exomes were prepared from DNA of two independent SBTs and subjected to massively parallel DNA sequencing. RESULTS Both tumors contained an activating mutation of the BRAF gene. A total of 15 additional somatic mutations were identified, nine in one tumor and six in the other. Eleven were missense mutations and four were nonsense or deletion mutations. Fourteen of the 16 genes found to be mutated in this study have been reported to be mutated in other cancers. Furthermore, 12 of these genes are mutated in ovarian cancers. The FBXW7 and KIAA1462 genes are noteworthy candidates for a pathogenic role in serous borderline tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a very small number of somatic genetic mutations are characteristic of SBTs of the ovary, thus supporting their classification as a relatively genetically stable tumor type. The mutant genes described herein represent novel candidates for the pathogenesis of ovarian SBT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Boyd
- Cancer Genome Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Chraybi M, Abd Alsamad I, Copie-Bergman C, Baia M, André J, Dumaz N, Ortonne N. Oncogene abnormalities in a series of primary melanomas of the sinonasal tract: NRAS mutations and cyclin D1 amplification are more frequent than KIT or BRAF mutations. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1902-11. [PMID: 23664541 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of sinonasal tract is a rare but severe form of melanoma. We retrospectively analyzed 17 cases and focused on the histologic presentation and the expression of c-Kit, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin D1/Bcl-1, PS100, and HMB45 and searched for BRAF, NRAS, and KIT mutations that are known to be associated with melanoma subtypes, together with amplifications of KIT, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, MDM2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In most cases (78%), an in situ component was evidenced. Invasive components were composed of diffuse areas of rhabdoid, epithelioid, or spindle cells and, in most cases, lacked inflammatory reaction, suggesting that an immune escape phenomenon probably develops when the disease progresses. EGFR was rarely and weakly expressed in the in situ component of 2 cases. None of the investigated case showed BRAF V600E, but 1 had a D594G mutation. NRAS mutations in exon 2 (G12D or G12A) were found in 3 cases (18%), and a KIT mutation in exon 11 (L576P), in 1, whereas c-Kit was expressed at the protein level in half of the cases. Amplifications of cyclin D1 were evidenced in 5 cases, confirmed in 3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, but this was not always correlated with protein expression, found in 8 patients (62.5%), 3 having no significant amplification. In conclusion, primary malignant melanoma of sinonasal tract is not associated with BRAF V600E mutations. Instead, NRAS or KIT mutations and cyclin D1 amplification can be found in a proportion of cases, suggesting that primary malignant melanoma of sinonasal tract is heterogeneous at the molecular level and should not be sensitive to therapeutic approaches aiming at BRAF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Chraybi
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
|