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Knaup FH, Meyners C, Charalampidou A, Krajczy P, Purder PL, Ross T, Hausch F. Med Chem Remote: The Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2021. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2411-2416. [PMID: 34101362 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Digital, but delicious! The Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2021 meeting, originally intended to take place in Darmstadt, carried on as an online event from March 8-10 this year. Even with pandemic restrictions, the event co-presented by the Medicinal Chemistry Division of the German Chemical Society (GDCh), the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG), and the Swiss Chemical Society (SCS) proved to be a success, showcasing excellent speakers and facilitating participant interaction in an ingenious virtual setting. Over 350 participants from more than 10 countries gathered to discuss the latest trends and directions in medicinal chemistry, with sessions on molecular glues, covalent fragments, transient binding pockets and more. This report presents a summary of the key lectures and activities at the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H Knaup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patryk Krajczy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tatjana Ross
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Van Anh TT, Mostafa A, Rao Z, Pace S, Schwaiger S, Kretzer C, Temml V, Giesel C, Jordan PM, Bilancia R, Weinigel C, Rummler S, Waltenberger B, Hung T, Rossi A, Stuppner H, Werz O, Koeberle A. From Vietnamese plants to a biflavonoid that relieves inflammation by triggering the lipid mediator class switch to resolution. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1629-1647. [PMID: 34221873 PMCID: PMC8245855 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation results from excessive pro-inflammatory signaling and the failure to resolve the inflammatory reaction. Lipid mediators orchestrate both the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Switching from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving lipid mediator biosynthesis is considered as efficient strategy to relieve chronic inflammation, though drug candidates exhibiting such features are unknown. Starting from a library of Vietnamese medical plant extracts, we identified isomers of the biflavanoid 8-methylsocotrin-4'-ol from Dracaena cambodiana, which limit inflammation by targeting 5-lipoxygenase and switching the lipid mediator profile from leukotrienes to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). Elucidation of the absolute configurations of 8-methylsocotrin-4'-ol revealed the 2S,γS-isomer being most active, and molecular docking studies suggest that the compound binds to an allosteric site between the 5-lipoxygenase subdomains. We identified additional subordinate targets within lipid mediator biosynthesis, including microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1. Leukotriene production is efficiently suppressed in activated human neutrophils, macrophages, and blood, while the induction of SPM biosynthesis is restricted to M2 macrophages. The shift from leukotrienes to SPM was also evident in mouse peritonitis in vivo and accompanied by a substantial decrease in immune cell infiltration. In summary, we disclose a promising drug candidate that combines potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibition with the favorable reprogramming of lipid mediator profiles.
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Key Words
- 12-HHT, 12(S)-hydroxy-5-cis-8,10-trans-heptadecatrienoic acid
- 5-H(p)ETE, 5-hydro(pero)xy-eicosatetraenoic acid
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- DAD, diode array detector
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- ECD, electronic circular dichroism
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HR, high resolution
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- LT, leukotriene
- LTC4S, leukotriene C4 synthase
- Lipid mediator
- Lipidomics
- Lipoxygenase
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- MaR, maresin
- Natural product
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD, protectin
- PG, prostaglandin
- PMNL, polymorphonuclear neutrophils
- RP, reversed phase
- Resolution
- Rv, resolvin
- SPE, solid phase extraction
- SPM, specialized pro-resolving mediators
- TX, thromboxane
- UPLC‒MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- mPGES-1, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1
- sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Van Anh
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Alilou Mostafa
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Zhigang Rao
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Kretzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Carsten Giesel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Rossella Bilancia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Tran Hung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
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Lucchetti M, Kaminska M, Oluwasegun AK, Mosig AS, Wilmes P. Emulating the gut-liver axis: Dissecting the microbiome's effect on drug metabolism using multiorgan-on-chip models. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2021; 18:94-101. [PMID: 34239997 PMCID: PMC8246515 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic relationship between the gut, its microbiome, and the liver is crucial for the regulation of drug metabolism processes. Gut microbes are known to influence human health and disease by enhancing food metabolism and providing a first line of defense against pathogens. In addition to this, the gut microbiome also plays a key role in the processing of exogenous pharmaceutical compounds. Modeling the highly variable luminal gut environment and understanding how gut microbes can modulate drug availability or induce liver toxicity remains a challenge. However, microfluidics-based technologies such as organ-on-chips could overcome current challenges in drug toxicity assessment assays because these technologies are able to better recapitulate complex human responses. Efforts are being made to create in vitro multiorgan platforms, tailored for an individual patient's microbial background. These platforms could be used as a tool to predict the effect of the gut microbiome on pharmacokinetics in a personalized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lucchetti
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mathilda Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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54
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Tourkochristou E, Triantos C, Mouzaki A. The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665968. [PMID: 34135894 PMCID: PMC8201077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Through food intake, humans obtain a variety of nutrients that are essential for growth, cellular function, tissue development, energy, and immune defense. A special interaction between nutrients and gut-associated lymphoid tissue occurs in the intestinal tract. Enterocytes of the intestinal barrier act as sensors for antigens from nutrients and the intestinal microbiota, which they deliver to the underlying immune system of the lamina propria, triggering an immune response. Studies investigating the mechanism of influence of nutrition on immunological outcomes have highlighted an important role of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics) in modulating immune homeostasis. Nutrients exert their role in innate immunity and inflammation by regulating the expression of TLRs, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus interfering with immune cell crosstalk and signaling. Chemical substrates derived from nutrient metabolism may act as cofactors or blockers of enzymatic activity, influencing molecular pathways and chemical reactions associated with microbial killing, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Immune cell function appears to be influenced by certain nutrients that form parts of the cell membrane structure and are involved in energy production and prevention of cytotoxicity. Nutrients also contribute to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses by modulating B and T lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation and activation, and antibody production. The purpose of this review is to present the available data from the field of nutritional immunology to elucidate the complex and dynamic relationship between nutrients and the immune system, the delineation of which will lead to optimized nutritional regimens for disease prevention and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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55
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Willems S, Gellrich L, Chaikuad A, Kluge S, Werz O, Heering J, Knapp S, Lorkowski S, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Merk D. Endogenous vitamin E metabolites mediate allosteric PPARγ activation with unprecedented co-regulatory interactions. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1489-1500.e8. [PMID: 33989565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E exhibits pharmacological effects beyond established antioxidant activity suggesting involvement of unidentified mechanisms. Here, we characterize endogenously formed tocopherol carboxylates and the vitamin E mimetic garcinoic acid (GA) as activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Co-stimulation of PPARγ with GA and the orthosteric agonist pioglitazone resulted in additive transcriptional activity. In line with this, the PPARγ-GA complex adopted a fully active conformation and interestingly contained two bound GA molecules with one at an allosteric site. A co-regulator interaction scan demonstrated an unanticipated co-factor recruitment profile for GA-bound PPARγ compared with canonical PPARγ agonists and gene expression analysis revealed different effects of GA and pioglitazone on PPAR signaling in hepatocytes. These observations reveal allosteric mechanisms of PPARγ modulation as an alternative avenue to PPARγ targeting and suggest contributions of PPARγ activation by α-13-tocopherolcarboxylate to the pharmacological effects of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Leonie Gellrich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Chair of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Chair of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
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56
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Xie S, Qi X, Wu Q, Wei L, Zhang M, Xing Y, Shi W, Chen S, Zeng X, Wang S, Guo H, Deng W. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase is associated with downregulation of the leukotriene B4 receptor 1/ Interleukin-12p35 pathway and ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:348-357. [PMID: 33705958 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis rapidly contributed to multiorgan failure affecting most commonly of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and yet there were no effective therapies. The current study aimed at providing evidence on the cardioprotection of suppression of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) and identifying the possible mechanism in the mouse model of sepsis. The cecal ligation-perforation (CLP) model was applied to C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and 5-Lox deficient (5-Lox-/-) mice to induce sepsis. 5-Lox expression was up-regulated in mouse myocardium and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) level was increased in serum after sepsis. Subsequently, we utilized a recombinant adenoviral expression vector (rAAV9) to overexpress Alox5 gene in adult mice. Compared to WT mice, 5-Lox overexpression accelerated CLP-induced myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. Oppositely, 5-Lox deficiency offered protection against myocardial injury in a mouse model of sepsis and attenuated sepsis-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the mouse heart. Mechanically, 5-Lox promoted LTB4 production, which in turn contributed to the activation of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1)/interleukin-12p35 (IL-12p35) pathway and enhanced M1 macrophage polarization. However, the suppression of BLT1 by either gene mutation or antagonist U75302 significantly inhibited the adverse effect of 5-Lox in sepsis. Further study demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of 5-Lox prevented CLP-induced septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). Our study identified 5-Lox exacerbated sepsis-associated myocardial injury through activation of LTB4 production and promoting BLT1/IL-12p35 pathway. Hence, inhibition of 5-Lox may be a potential candidate strategy for septic cardiac dysfunction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiping Qi
- Department of Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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57
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Li WJ, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Dong LL, Wu YF, Chen ZH, Shen HH. Lipid metabolism in asthma: Immune regulation and potential therapeutic target. Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104341. [PMID: 33798909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that poses a considerable health and socioeconomic burden. Several risk factors work synergistically to affect the progression of asthma. Lipid metabolism, especially in distinct cells such as T cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and non-immune cells, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of asthma, as lipids are potent signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular response. In this review, we focused on the metabolic pathways of lipid molecules, especially fatty acids and their derivatives, and summarized their roles in various cells during the pathogenesis of asthma along with the current pharmacological agents targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
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58
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Podszun MC, Frank J. Impact of vitamin E on redox biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101937. [PMID: 33773953 PMCID: PMC8113042 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in Western nations and characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence from human trials that free radical-induced oxidation of macromolecules, in particular of lipids, is a characteristic feature of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We further synthesize the data in the scientific literature describing the impact of vitamin E (mainly α-tocopherol) on concentrations of redox biomarkers in liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD as well as animal experiments. In summary, the available evidence from clinical trials suggests that reactive species-mediated damage to macromolecules, predominantly lipids, occurs in NAFLD and NASH and that daily supplementation with at least 200 I.U. α-tocopherol may alleviate oxidative stress in the liver of NAFLD patients. We propose α-tocopherol as a useful model substance to identify and validate suitable redox biomarkers that may be employed in future clinical trials of new therapeutics for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren C Podszun
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Germany
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59
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Temml V, Kutil Z. Structure-based molecular modeling in SAR analysis and lead optimization. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1431-1444. [PMID: 33777339 PMCID: PMC7979990 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In silico methods like molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling are established strategies in lead identification. Their successful application for finding new active molecules for a target is reported by a plethora of studies. However, once a potential lead is identified, lead optimization, with the focus on improving potency, selectivity, or pharmacokinetic parameters of a parent compound, is a much more complex task. Even though in silico molecular modeling methods could contribute a lot of time and cost-saving by rationally filtering synthetic optimization options, they are employed less widely in this stage of research. In this review, we highlight studies that have successfully used computer-aided SAR analysis in lead optimization and want to showcase sound methodology and easily accessible in silico tools for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zsofia Kutil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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60
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Bartolini D, Marinelli R, Giusepponi D, Galarini R, Barola C, Stabile AM, Sebastiani B, Paoletti F, Betti M, Rende M, Galli F. Alpha-Tocopherol Metabolites (the Vitamin E Metabolome) and Their Interindividual Variability during Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020173. [PMID: 33503988 PMCID: PMC7912187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of α-tocopherol (α-TOH, vitamin E) shows marked interindividual variability, which may influence the response to nutritional and therapeutic interventions with this vitamin. Recently, new metabolomics protocols have fostered the possibility to explore such variability for the different metabolites of α-TOH so far identified in human blood, i.e., the “vitamin E metabolome”, some of which have been reported to promote important biological functions. Such advances prompt the definition of reference values and degree of interindividual variability for these metabolites at different levels of α-TOH intake. To this end, a one-week oral administration protocol with 800 U RRR-α-TOH/day was performed in 17 healthy volunteers, and α-TOH metabolites were measured in plasma before and at the end of the intervention utilizing a recently validated LC-MS/MS procedure; the expression of two target genes of α-TOH with possible a role in the metabolism and function of this vitamin, namely pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the isoform 4F2 of cytochrome P450 (CYP4F2) was assessed by immunoblot in peripheral blood leukocytes. The levels of enzymatic metabolites showed marked interindividual variability that characteristically increased upon supplementation. With the exception of α-CEHC (carboxy-ethyl-hydroxychroman) and the long-chain metabolites M1 and α-13′OH, such variability was found to interfere with the possibility to utilize them as sensitive indicators of α-TOH intake. On the contrary, the free radical-derived metabolite α-tocopheryl quinone significantly correlated with the post-supplementation levels of α-TOH. The supplementation stimulated PXR, but not CYP4F2, expression of leucocytes, and significant correlations were observed between the baseline levels of α-TOH and both the baseline and post-supplementation levels of PXR. These findings provide original analytical and molecular information regarding the human metabolism of α-TOH and its intrinsic variability, which is worth considering in future nutrigenomics and interventions studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (R.M.); (F.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7445
| | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (R.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Danilo Giusepponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (R.G.); (C.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (R.G.); (C.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (R.G.); (C.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Fabiola Paoletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (D.G.); (R.G.); (C.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (R.M.); (F.G.)
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Debieu S, Solier S, Colombeau L, Versini A, Sindikubwabo F, Forrester A, Müller S, Cañeque T, Rodriguez R. Small Molecule Regulators of Ferroptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1301:81-121. [PMID: 34370289 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62026-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a dedicated mode of cell death involving iron, reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Involved in processes such as glutathione metabolism, lysosomal iron retention or interference with lipid metabolism, leading either to activation or inhibition of ferroptosis. Given the implications of ferroptosis in diseases such as cancer, aging, Alzheimer and infectious diseases, new molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and small molecules regulators that target those mechanisms have prompted a great deal of interest. Here, we discuss the current scenario of small molecules modulating ferroptosis and critically assess what is known about their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Debieu
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Solier
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Colombeau
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Versini
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sindikubwabo
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Alison Forrester
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Cañeque
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
- PSL Université Paris, Paris, France.
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France.
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Hawner M, Ducho C. Cellular Targeting of Oligonucleotides by Conjugation with Small Molecules. Molecules 2020; 25:E5963. [PMID: 33339365 PMCID: PMC7766908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug candidates derived from oligonucleotides (ON) are receiving increased attention that is supported by the clinical approval of several ON drugs. Such therapeutic ON are designed to alter the expression levels of specific disease-related proteins, e.g., by displaying antigene, antisense, and RNA interference mechanisms. However, the high polarity of the polyanionic ON and their relatively rapid nuclease-mediated cleavage represent two major pharmacokinetic hurdles for their application in vivo. This has led to a range of non-natural modifications of ON structures that are routinely applied in the design of therapeutic ON. The polyanionic architecture of ON often hampers their penetration of target cells or tissues, and ON usually show no inherent specificity for certain cell types. These limitations can be overcome by conjugation of ON with molecular entities mediating cellular 'targeting', i.e., enhanced accumulation at and/or penetration of a specific cell type. In this context, the use of small molecules as targeting units appears particularly attractive and promising. This review provides an overview of advances in the emerging field of cellular targeting of ON via their conjugation with small-molecule targeting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66 123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
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Manosso LM, Camargo A, Dafre AL, Rodrigues ALS. Vitamin E for the management of major depressive disorder: possible role of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant systems. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1310-1324. [PMID: 33314993 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1853417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin E has various functions in humans, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-atherogenic actions, as well as direct effects on enzymatic activities and modulation of gene transcription. In addition to these functions, vitamin E is also important for the central nervous system, and its role in the prevention and/or treatment of some neurological diseases has been suggested. In particular, the role of vitamin E in the modulation of major depressive disorder (MDD) is an issue that has emerged in recent studies. Many factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this disorder, including inflammation, oxidative, and nitrosative stress. METHODS This narrative review discusses the involvement of inflammation, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in the pathophysiology of MDD and presents clinical and preclinical studies that correlate vitamin E with this psychiatric disorder. RESULTS We gathered evidence from clinical studies that demonstrated the relationship between low vitamin E status and MDD symptoms. Vitamin E has been reported to exert a beneficial influence on the oxidative and inflammatory status of individuals, factors that may account for the attenuation of depressive symptoms. Preclinical studies have reinforced the antidepressant-like response of vitamin E, and the mechanisms underlying its effect seem to be related to the modulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION We suggest that vitamin E has potential to be used as an adjuvant for the management of MDD, but more studies are clearly needed to ascertain the efficacy of vitamin E for alleviating depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M Manosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alcir L Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Modified Bacterial Cellulose Dressings to Treat Inflammatory Wounds. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122508. [PMID: 33327519 PMCID: PMC7764978 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural products suited for prophylaxis and therapy of inflammatory diseases have gained increasing importance. These compounds could be beneficially integrated into bacterial cellulose (BC), which is a natural hydropolymer applicable as a wound dressing and drug delivery system alike. This study presents experimental outcomes for a natural anti-inflammatory product concept of boswellic acids from frankincense formulated in BC. Using esterification respectively (resp.) oxidation and subsequent coupling with phenylalanine and tryptophan, post-modification of BC was tested to facilitate lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) incorporation. Diclofenac sodium and indomethacin were used as anti-inflammatory model drugs before the findings were transferred to boswellic acids. By acetylation of BC fibers, the loading efficiency for the more lipophilic API indomethacin and the release was increased by up to 65.6% and 25%, respectively, while no significant differences in loading could be found for the API diclofenac sodium. Post-modifications could be made while preserving biocompatibility, essential wound dressing properties and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Eventually, in vitro wound closure experiments and evaluations of the effect of secondary dressings completed the study.
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Viault G, Kempf M, Ville A, Alsabil K, Perrot R, Richomme P, Hélesbeux JJ, Séraphin D. Semisynthetic Vitamin E Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial Agents against Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:881-890. [PMID: 33219748 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New 5-substituted vitamin E derivatives were semisynthesized, and their antibacterial activity against human Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was evaluated. Several vitamin E analogues were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE); structure-activity relationships (SARs) are discussed. As a result, it is shown that the presence of a carboxylic acid function at the C-5 position and/or at the end of the side chain is crucial for the antibacterial activity. The bactericidal or bacteriostatic action of three compounds against MRSA and MRSE was confirmed in a time-kill kinetics study, and the cytotoxicity on human cells was evaluated. The preliminary mechanism study by confocal microscopy indicated that those vitamin E analogues led to bacterial cell death through membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Viault
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- Département de Biologie des Agents Infectieux, CHU Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 01, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Alexia Ville
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Khaled Alsabil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques (SCIAM), Université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Hélesbeux
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Denis Séraphin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
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66
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Lee H. Vitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110182. [PMID: 33254504 PMCID: PMC7422838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of Vitamin E acetate as one of the causal agents for the e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI) is a major milestone. In membrane biophysics, Vitamin E is a linactant and a potent modulator of lateral phase separation that effectively reduces the line tension at the two-dimensional phase boundaries and thereby exponentially increases the surface viscosity of the pulmonary surfactant. Disrupted dynamics of respiratory compression-expansion cycling may result in an extensive hypoxemia, leading to an acute respiratory distress entailing the formation of intraalveolar lipid-laden macrophages. Supplementation of pulmonary surfactants which retain moderate level of cholesterol and controlled hypothermia for patients are recommended when the hypothesis that the line-active property of the vitamin derivative drives the pathogenesis of EVALI holds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Lee
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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Traber MG, Leonard SW, Ebenuwa I, Violet PC, Niyyati M, Padayatty S, Smith S, Bobe G, Levine M. Vitamin E catabolism in women, as modulated by food and by fat, studied using 2 deuterium-labeled α-tocopherols in a 3-phase, nonrandomized crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 113:92-103. [PMID: 33184629 PMCID: PMC7779232 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human vitamin E (α-tocopherol) catabolism is a mechanism for regulating whole-body α-tocopherol. OBJECTIVES To determine the roles of the intestine and liver on α-tocopherol catabolism as affected by fat or fasting, 2 deuterium-labeled (intravenous d6- and oral d3-) forms of α-tocopherol were used. METHODS Healthy women received intravenous d6-α-tocopherol and consumed d3-α-tocopherol with a 600-kcal defined liquid meal (DLM; 40% or 0% fat, n = 10) followed by controlled meals; or the 0% fat DLM (n = 7) followed by a 12-h fast (0% fat-fast), then controlled meals ≤72 h. The order of the 3-phase crossover design was not randomized and there was no blinding. Samples were analyzed by LC/MS to determine the α-tocopherol catabolites and α-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-CEHC) in urine, feces, and plasma that were catabolized from administered oral d3- and intravenous d6-α-tocopherols. RESULTS Urinary and plasma d3- and d6-α-CEHC concentrations varied differently with the interventions. Mean ± SEM cumulative urinary d6-α-CEHC derived from the intravenous dose excreted over 72 h during the 40% fat (2.50 ± 0.37 μmol/g creatinine) and 0% fat (2.37 ± 0.37 μmol/g creatinine) interventions were similar, but a ∼50% decrease was observed during the 0% fat-fast (1.05 ± 0.39 μmol/g creatinine) intervention (compared with 0% fat, P = 0.0005). Cumulative urinary d3-α-CEHC excretion was not significantly changed by any intervention. Total urinary and fecal excretion of catabolites accounted for <5% of each of the administered doses. CONCLUSIONS Differential catabolism of the intravenous d6-α-tocopherol and oral d3-α-tocopherol doses shows both liver and intestine have roles in α-tocopherol catabolism. During the 40% fat intervention, >90% of urinary d3-α-CEHC excretion was estimated to be liver-derived, whereas during fasting <50% was from the liver with the remainder from the intestine, suggesting that there was increased intestinal α-tocopherol catabolism while d3-α-tocopherol was retained in the intestine in the absence of adequate fat/food for α-tocopherol absorption.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00862433.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ifechukwude Ebenuwa
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mahtab Niyyati
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Padayatty
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Smith
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sisa M, Dvorakova M, Temml V, Jarosova V, Vanek T, Landa P. Synthesis, inhibitory activity and in silico docking of dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors with quinone and resorcinol core. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112620. [PMID: 32738413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on the significant anti-inflammatory activity of natural quinone primin (5a), series of 1,4-benzoquinones, hydroquinones, and related resorcinols were designed, synthesized, characterized and tested for their ability to inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzymes. Structural modifications resulted in the identification of two compounds 5b (2-methoxy-6-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone) and 6b (2-methoxy-6-undecyl-1,4-hydroquinone) as potent dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors. The IC50 values evaluated in vitro using enzymatic assay were for compound 5b IC50 = 1.07, 0.57, and 0.34 μM and for compound 6b IC50 = 1.07, 0.55, and 0.28 μM for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzyme, respectively. In addition, compound 6d was identified as the most potent 5-LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 0.14 μM; reference inhibitor zileuton IC50 = 0.66 μM) from the tested compounds while its inhibitory potential against COX enzymes (IC50 = 2.65 and 2.71 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively) was comparable with the reference inhibitor ibuprofen (IC50 = 4.50 and 2.46 μM, respectively). The most important structural modification leading to increased inhibitory activity towards both COXs and 5-LOX was the elongation of alkyl chain in position 6 from 5 to 11 carbons. Moreover, the monoacetylation in ortho position of bromo-hydroquinone 13 led to the discovery of potent (IC50 = 0.17 μM) 5-LOX inhibitor 17 (2-bromo-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone) while bromination stabilized the hydroquinone form. Docking analysis revealed the interaction of compounds with Tyr355 and Arg120 in the catalytic site of COX enzymes, while the hydrophobic parts of the molecules filled the hydrophobic substrate channel leading up to Tyr385. In the allosteric catalytic site of 5-LOX, compounds bound to Tyr142 and formed aromatic interactions with Arg138. Taken together, we identified optimal alkyl chain length for dual COX/5-LOX inhibition and investigated other structural modifications influencing COX and 5-LOX inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Sisa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Jarosova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
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Fiorino S, Gallo C, Zippi M, Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Moretti R, Fogacci E, Maggioli C, Travasoni Loffredo F, Giampieri E, Corazza I, Dickmans C, Denitto C, Cammarosano M, Battilana M, Orlandi PE, Del Forno F, Miceli F, Visani M, Acquaviva G, De Leo A, Leandri P, Hong W, Brand T, Tallini G, Jovine E, Jovine R, de Biase D. Cytokine storm in aged people with CoV-2: possible role of vitamins as therapy or preventive strategy. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2115-2131. [PMID: 32865757 PMCID: PMC7456763 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had emerged. The WHO has classified the epidemic as a "public health emergency of international concern". A dramatic situation has unfolded with thousands of deaths, occurring mainly in the aged and very ill people. Epidemiological studies suggest that immune system function is impaired in elderly individuals and these subjects often present a deficiency in fat-soluble and hydrosoluble vitamins. METHODS We searched for reviews describing the characteristics of autoimmune diseases and the available therapeutic protocols for their treatment. We set them as a paradigm with the purpose to uncover common pathogenetic mechanisms between these pathological conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we searched for studies describing the possible efficacy of vitamins A, D, E, and C in improving the immune system function. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infection induces strong immune system dysfunction characterized by the development of an intense proinflammatory response in the host, and the development of a life-threatening condition defined as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This leads to acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), mainly in aged people. High mortality and lethality rates have been observed in elderly subjects with CoV-2-related infection. CONCLUSIONS Vitamins may shift the proinflammatory Th17-mediated immune response arising in autoimmune diseases towards a T-cell regulatory phenotype. This review discusses the possible activity of vitamins A, D, E, and C in restoring normal antiviral immune system function and the potential therapeutic role of these micronutrients as part of a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy.
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gallo
- Physician Specialist in Infectious Diseases, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Petrini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Renzo Moretti
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Fogacci
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Maggioli
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Giampieri
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christoph Dickmans
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Denitto
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cammarosano
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Battilana
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Miceli
- UO Farmacia Centralizzata OM, Farmacia Ospedale Di Budrio, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Brand
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elio Jovine
- Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Jovine
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dvorak Z, Klapholz M, Burris TP, Willing BP, Gioiello A, Pellicciari R, Galli F, March J, O'Keefe SJ, Sartor RB, Kim CH, Levy M, Mani S. Weak Microbial Metabolites: a Treasure Trove for Using Biomimicry to Discover and Optimize Drugs. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:343-349. [PMID: 32764096 PMCID: PMC7485585 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, traditional drug discovery has used natural product and synthetic chemistry approaches to generate libraries of compounds, with some ending as promising drug candidates. A complementary approach has been to adopt the concept of biomimicry of natural products and metabolites so as to improve multiple drug-like features of the parent molecule. In this effort, promiscuous and weak interactions between ligands and receptors are often ignored in a drug discovery process. In this Emerging Concepts article, we highlight microbial metabolite mimicry, whereby parent metabolites have weak interactions with their receptors that then have led to discrete examples of more potent and effective drug-like molecules. We show specific examples of parent-metabolite mimics with potent effects in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we show examples of emerging microbial ligand-receptor interactions and provide a context in which these ligands could be improved as potential drugs. A balanced conceptual advance is provided in which we also acknowledge potential pitfalls-hyperstimulation of finely balanced receptor-ligand interactions could also be detrimental. However, with balance, we provide examples of where this emerging concept needs to be tested. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Microbial metabolite mimicry is a novel way to expand on the chemical repertoire of future drugs. The emerging concept is now explained using specific examples of the discovery of therapeutic leads from microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Max Klapholz
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Roberto Pellicciari
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - John March
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Stephen J O'Keefe
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (Z.D.); Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.K., M.L.); The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (T.P.B.); Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (B.P.W.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (A.G., F.G.); TES Pharma, Corso Vannucci, Perugia, Italy (R.P.); The Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (J.M.); Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.J.O.); Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.B.S.); Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan (C.H.K.); and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
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Ziegler M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S, Peter K. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E935. [PMID: 33003543 PMCID: PMC7600583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause about 1/3 of global deaths. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events are highly sought-after. Vitamin E is known for significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of CVD, supported by findings that vitamin E deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, randomized controlled trials in humans reveal conflicting and ultimately disappointing results regarding the reduction of cardiovascular events with vitamin E supplementation. As we discuss in detail, this outcome is strongly affected by study design, cohort selection, co-morbidities, genetic variations, age, and gender. For effective chronic primary and secondary prevention by vitamin E, oxidative and inflammatory status might not have been sufficiently antagonized. In contrast, acute administration of vitamin E may be more translatable into positive clinical outcomes. In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with severe oxidative and inflammatory reactions, decreased plasma levels of vitamin E have been found. The offsetting of this acute vitamin E deficiency via short-term treatment in MI has shown promising results, and, thus, acute medication, rather than chronic supplementation, with vitamin E might revitalize vitamin E therapy and even provide positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Internal Medicine III, University Clinic of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Abstract
Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In particular, the innate immune system is emerging as an important signaling hub that modulates the response to nutritional signals, in part via signaling through the gut microbiota. In this review we elucidate emerging evidence that interactions between innate immunity and diet affect human metabolic health and disease, including cardiometabolic disorders, allergic diseases, autoimmune disorders, infections, and cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential modulatory effects of the gut microbiota on interactions between the immune system and nutrition in health and disease, namely how it relays nutritional signals to the innate immune system under specific physiological contexts. Finally, we identify key open questions and challenges to comprehensively understanding the intersection between nutrition and innate immunity and how potential nutritional, immune, and microbial therapeutics may be developed into promising future avenues of precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Niv Zmora
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases and Internal Medicine Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Cancer-Microbiome Research Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Dinh CP, Ville A, Neukirch K, Viault G, Temml V, Koeberle A, Werz O, Schuster D, Stuppner H, Richomme P, Helesbeux JJ, Séraphin D. Structure-based design, semi-synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of tocotrienolic amides as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112518. [PMID: 32668380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the development of various pathologies, e.g. asthma, cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer, and metabolic disorders. Leukotrienes (LT), biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), constitute a potent family of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. δ-Garcinoic acid (δ-GA) (1), a natural vitamin E analogue, was chosen for further structural optimization as it selectively inhibited 5-LO activity in cell-free and cell-based assays without impairing the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators by 15-LO. A model of semi-quantitative prediction of 5-LO inhibitory potential developed during the current study allowed the design of 24 garcinamides that were semi-synthesized. In accordance with the prediction model, biological evaluations showed that eight compounds potently inhibited human recombinant 5-LO (IC50 < 100 nM). Interestingly, four compounds were substantially more potent than 1 in activated primary human neutrophils assays. Structure - activity relationships shed light on a supplementary hydrophobic pocket in the allosteric binding site that could be fitted with an aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Phi Dinh
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Alexia Ville
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Konstantin Neukirch
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany; Michael Popp Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guillaume Viault
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 80/82 Innrain, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany; Michael Popp Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 80/82 Innrain, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pascal Richomme
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Helesbeux
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France.
| | - Denis Séraphin
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
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3D In Vitro Human Organ Mimicry Devices for Drug Discovery, Development, and Assessment. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6187048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have shown significant advancement as complex in vitro humanized systems have substituted animal trials and 2D in vitro studies. 3D humanized platforms mimic the organs of interest with their stimulations (physical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical). Organ-on-chip devices, including in vitro modelling of 3D organoids, 3D microfabrication, and 3D bioprinted platforms, play an essential role in drug discovery, testing, and assessment. In this article, a thorough review is provided of the latest advancements in the area of organ-on-chip devices targeting liver, kidney, lung, gut, heart, skin, and brain mimicry devices for drug discovery, development, and/or assessment. The current strategies, fabrication methods, and the specific application of each device, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, are presented for each reported platform. This comprehensive review also provides some insights on the challenges and future perspectives for the further advancement of each organ-on-chip device.
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Wallert M, Börmel L, Lorkowski S. Inflammatory Diseases and Vitamin E-What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000097. [PMID: 32692879 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-driven diseases and related comorbidities, such as the metabolic syndrome, obesity, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases cause significant global burden. There is a growing body of evidence that nutrients alter inflammatory responses and can therefore make a decisive contribution to the treatment of these diseases. Recently, the inflammasome, a cytosolic multiprotein complex, has been identified as a key player in inflammation and the development of various inflammation-mediated disorders, with nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain (NLRP) 3 being the inflammasome of interest. Here an overview about the cellular signaling pathways underlying nuclear factor "kappa-light-chain-enhancer" of activated B-cells (NF-κB)- and NLRP3-mediated inflammatory processes, and the pathogenesis of the inflammatory diseases atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is provided; next, the current state of knowledge for drug-based and dietary-based interventions for treating cardiovascular diseases and NAFLD is discussed. To date, one of the most important antioxidants in the human diet is vitamin E. Various in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the different forms of vitamin E and also their derivatives have anti-inflammatory activity. Recent publications suggest that vitamin E-and possibly metabolites of vitamin E-are a promising therapeutic approach for treating inflammatory diseases such as NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallert
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Börmel
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
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Tian L, Fan F, Zheng S, Tong Q. Puerarin Exerts the Hepatoprotection from Chronic Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury via Inhibiting the Cyclooxygenase-2 and the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Rats. Complement Med Res 2020; 28:104-113. [PMID: 32720917 DOI: 10.1159/000508686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin (PR) as one of the main ingredients of the root of the traditional herb Kudzu has been suggested to improve chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. We explore the specific mechanisms of PR on hepatocellular changes after administration of alcohol. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 55% alcohol for 12 weeks to induce a chronic alcoholic liver damage model. Then the rats in each group were administered by oral gavage with zileuton, celecoxib, and PR for 2 weeks, respectively. RESULTS In the PR group, the weight loss was markedly improved and the abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly lowered after PR treatment when compared to the alcoholic liver injured model group. Pathological examination indicated that alcohol-induced hepatocellular injury was improved by the PR treatment. The 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) at the protein level and the mRNA level were obviously downregulated accompanied with the PR treatment. Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) at the protein and mRNA level was notably elevated and the tumor necrosis factor α at the protein and mRNA level was markedly decreased following the PR treatment. CONCLUSION The possible cytoprotective mechanisms of PR may be involved inhibition of the Cox-2 pathway and the 5-Lox pathway to suppress inflammatory response and regulate the protective factor PPAR-γ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugao Tian
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Fachao Fan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Shihua Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China, .,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China,
| | - Qiaoyun Tong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology of Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
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77
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Stacchiotti V, Rezzi S, Eggersdorfer M, Galli F. Metabolic and functional interplay between gut microbiota and fat-soluble vitamins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3211-3232. [PMID: 32715724 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem seen as an extension of human genome. It represents a major metabolic interface of interaction with food components and xenobiotics in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In this context, the advent of modern bacterial genome sequencing technology has enabled the identification of dietary nutrients as key determinants of gut microbial ecosystem able to modulate the host-microbiome symbiotic relationship and its effects on human health. This article provides a literature review on functional and molecular interactions between a specific group of lipids and essential nutrients, e.g., fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs), and the gut microbiota. A two-way relationship appears to emerge from the available literature with important effects on human metabolism, nutrition, GI physiology and immune function. First, FSV directly or indirectly modify the microbial composition involving for example immune system-mediated and/or metabolic mechanisms of bacterial growth or inhibition. Second, the gut microbiota influences at different levels the synthesis, metabolism and transport of FSV including their bioactive metabolites that are either introduced with the diet or released in the gut via entero-hepatic circulation. A better understanding of these interactions, and of their impact on intestinal and metabolic homeostasis, will be pivotal to design new and more efficient strategies of disease prevention and therapy, and personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Stacchiotti
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Vitamin Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Galli
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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78
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Wallert M, Kluge S, Schubert M, Koeberle A, Werz O, Birringer M, Lorkowski S. Diversity of Chromanol and Chromenol Structures and Functions: An Emerging Class of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Carcinogenic Agents. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:362. [PMID: 32372948 PMCID: PMC7187200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural chromanols and chromenols comprise a family of molecules with enormous structural diversity and biological activities of pharmacological interest. A recently published systematic review described more than 230 structures that are derived from a chromanol ortpd chromenol core. For many of these compounds structure-activity relationships have been described with mostly anti-inflammatory as well as anti-carcinogenic activities. To extend the knowledge on the biological activity and the therapeutic potential of these promising class of natural compounds, we here present a report on selected chromanols and chromenols based on the availability of data on signaling pathways involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. The chromanol and chromenol derivatives seem to bind or to interfere with several molecular targets and pathways, including 5-lipoxygenase, nuclear receptors, and the nuclear-factor "kappa-light-chain-enhancer" of activated B-cells (NFκB) pathway. Interestingly, available data suggest that the chromanols and chromenols are promiscuitively acting molecules that inhibit enzyme activities, bind to cellular receptors, and modulate mitochondrial function as well as gene expression. It is also noteworthy that the molecular modes of actions by which the chromanols and chromenols exert their effects strongly depend on the concentrations of the compounds. Thereby, low- and high-affinity molecular targets can be classified. This review summarizes the available knowledge on the biological activity of selected chromanols and chromenols which may represent interesting lead structures for the development of therapeutic anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallert
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schubert
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael Popp Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Germany
- Regionales Innovationszentrum Gesundheit und Lebensqualität (RIGL), Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Center for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
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79
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Bartolini D, De Franco F, Torquato P, Marinelli R, Cerra B, Ronchetti R, Schon A, Fallarino F, De Luca A, Bellezza G, Ferri I, Sidoni A, Walton WG, Pellock SJ, Redinbo MR, Mani S, Pellicciari R, Gioiello A, Galli F. Garcinoic Acid Is a Natural and Selective Agonist of Pregnane X Receptor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3701-3712. [PMID: 32160459 PMCID: PMC7901650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master xenobiotic-sensing transcription factor and a
validated target for immune and inflammatory diseases. The identification of chemical
probes to investigate the therapeutic relevance of the receptor is still highly desired.
In fact, currently available PXR ligands are not highly selective and can exhibit
toxicity and/or potential off-target effects. In this study, we have identified
garcinoic acid as a selective and efficient PXR agonist. The properties of this natural
molecule as a specific PXR agonist were demonstrated by the screening on a panel of
nuclear receptors, the assessment of the physical and thermodynamic binding affinity,
and the determination of the PXR-garcinoic acid complex crystal structure. Cytotoxicity,
transcriptional, and functional properties were investigated in human liver cells, and
compound activity and target engagement were confirmed in vivo in mouse liver and gut
tissue. In conclusion, garcinoic acid is a selective natural agonist of PXR and a
promising lead compound toward the development of new PXR-regulating modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | | | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Rita Marinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Arne Schon
- The Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Samuel J Pellock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sridhar Mani
- The Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine, Genetics, and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | | | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06122, Italy
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80
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The role of propofol hydroxyl group in 5-lipoxygenase recognition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:909-914. [PMID: 32171526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is a clinically important intravenous anesthetic. We previously reported that it directly inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), a key enzyme for leukotriene biosynthesis. Because the hydroxyl group in propofol (propofol 1-hydroxyl) is critical for its anesthetic effect, we examined if its presence would be inevitable for 5-lipoxygenase recognition. Fropofol is developed by substituting the hydroxy group in propofol with fluorine. We found that propofol 1-hydroxyl was important for 5-lipoxygenase recognition, but it was not absolutely necessary. Azi-fropofol bound to 5-LOX at one of the two propofol binding sites of 5-LOX (pocket around Phe-187), suggesting that propofol 1-hydroxyl is important for 5-LOX inhibition at the other propofol binding site (pocket around Val-431). Interestingly, 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HpETE) production was significantly increased by stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 in HEK293 cells expressing 5-LOX, suggesting that the fropofol binding site is important for the conversion from 5-HpETE to leukotriene A4. We also indicated that propofol 1-hydroxyl might have contributed to interaction with wider targets among our body.
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81
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Wong SK, Kamisah Y, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Masbah N, Mohd Fahami NA, Mohamed IN, Shuid AN, Mohd Saad Q, Abdullah A, Mohamad NV, Ibrahim NI, Pang KL, Chow YY, Thong BKS, Subramaniam S, Chan CY, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2020; 12:E259. [PMID: 31963885 PMCID: PMC7019837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.K.W.); (Y.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.A.M.F.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.S.); (Q.M.S.); (A.A.); (N.-V.M.); (N.I.I.); (K.-L.P.); (Y.Y.C.); (B.K.S.T.); (S.S.); (C.Y.C.); (S.I.-N.)
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82
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Scott MA, Woolums AR, Swiderski CE, Perkins AD, Nanduri B, Smith DR, Karisch BB, Epperson WB, Blanton JR. Whole blood transcriptomic analysis of beef cattle at arrival identifies potential predictive molecules and mechanisms that indicate animals that naturally resist bovine respiratory disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227507. [PMID: 31929561 PMCID: PMC6957175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex and the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. Clinical manifestations of BRD are recognized in beef calves within a high-risk setting, commonly associated with weaning, shipping, and novel feeding and housing environments. However, the understanding of complex host immune interactions and genomic mechanisms involved in BRD susceptibility remain elusive. Utilizing high-throughput RNA-sequencing, we contrasted the at-arrival blood transcriptomes of 6 beef cattle that ultimately developed BRD against 5 beef cattle that remained healthy within the same herd, differentiating BRD diagnosis from production metadata and treatment records. We identified 135 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the differential gene expression tools edgeR and DESeq2. Thirty-six of the DEGs shared between these two analysis platforms were prioritized for investigation of their relevance to infectious disease resistance using WebGestalt, STRING, and Reactome. Biological processes related to inflammatory response, immunological defense, lipoxin metabolism, and macrophage function were identified. Production of specialized pro-resolvin mediators (SPMs) and endogenous metabolism of angiotensinogen were increased in animals that resisted BRD. Protein-protein interaction modeling of gene products with significantly higher expression in cattle that naturally acquire BRD identified molecular processes involving microbial killing. Accordingly, identification of DEGs in whole blood at arrival revealed a clear distinction between calves that went on to develop BRD and those that resisted BRD. These results provide novel insight into host immune factors that are present at the time of arrival that confer protection from BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Scott
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amelia R. Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Cyprianna E. Swiderski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Andy D. Perkins
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - David R. Smith
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - Brandi B. Karisch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - William B. Epperson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
| | - John R. Blanton
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
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83
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Gerstmeier J, Seegers J, Witt F, Waltenberger B, Temml V, Rollinger JM, Stuppner H, Koeberle A, Schuster D, Werz O. Ginkgolic Acid is a Multi-Target Inhibitor of Key Enzymes in Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Mediator Biosynthesis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:797. [PMID: 31379572 PMCID: PMC6650749 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lipid mediators (LMs) comprise bioactive metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs), as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). They are essentially biosynthesized via cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO) pathways in complex networks and regulate the progression as well as the resolution of inflammatory disorders including inflammation-triggered cancer. Ginkgolic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid contained in Ginkgo biloba L. with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumoral properties. Although LMs regulate microbial infections and tumor progression, whether GA affects LM biosynthesis is unknown and was investigated here in detail. Methods: Pharmacophore-based virtual screening was performed along with docking simulations. Activity assays were conducted for isolated human recombinant 5-LO, cytosolic phospholipase (PLA)2α, COX-2, and ovine COX-1. The activity of human mPGES-1 and thromboxane A2 synthase (TXAS) was determined in crude cellular fractions. Cellular LM formation was studied using human monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and M1- and M2-like macrophages. LMs were identified after (ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography by UV detection or ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: GA was identified as virtual hit in an mPGES-1 pharmacophore-based virtual screening. Cell-free assays revealed potent suppression of mPGES-1 activity (IC50 = 0.7 µM) that is fully reversible and essentially independent of the substrate concentration. Moreover, cell-free assays revealed COX-1 and TXAS as additional targets of GA with lower affinity (IC50 = 8.1 and 5.2 µM). Notably, 5-LO, the key enzyme in LT biosynthesis, was potently inhibited by GA (IC50 = 0.2 µM) in a reversible and substrate-independent manner. Docking simulations support the molecular interaction of GA with mPGES-1 and 5-LO and suggest concrete binding sites. Interestingly, interference of GA with mPGES-1, COX-1, TXAS, and 5-LO was evident also in intact cells with IC50 values of 2.1-3.8 µM; no radical scavenging or cytotoxic properties were obvious. Analysis of LM profiles from bacteria-stimulated human M1- and M2-like macrophages confirmed the multi-target features of GA and revealed LM redirection towards the formation of 12-/15-LO products including SPM. Conclusions: We reveal GA as potent multi-target inhibitor of key enzymes in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory LMs that contribute to the complex pharmacological and toxicological properties of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Seegers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Finja Witt
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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84
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Leláková V, Šmejkal K, Jakubczyk K, Veselý O, Landa P, Václavík J, Bobáľ P, Pížová H, Temml V, Steinacher T, Schuster D, Granica S, Hanáková Z, Hošek J. Parallel in vitro and in silico investigations into anti-inflammatory effects of non-prenylated stilbenoids. Food Chem 2019; 285:431-440. [PMID: 30797367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stilbenoids represent a large group of bioactive compounds, which occur in food and medicinal plants. Twenty-five stilbenoids were screened in vitro for their ability to inhibit COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX. Piceatannol and pinostilbene showed activity comparable to the zileuton and ibuprofen, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential of stilbenoids was further evaluated using THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line. Tests of the cytotoxicity on the THP-1 and HCT116 cell lines showed very low toxic effects. The tested stilbenoids were evaluated for their ability to attenuate the LPS-stimulated activation of NF-κB/AP-1. Most of the tested substances reduced the activity of NF-κB/AP-1 and later attenuated the expression of TNF-α. The effects of selected stilbenoids were further investigated on inflammatory signaling pathways. Non-prenylated stilbenoids regulated attenuation of NF-ĸB/AP-1 activity upstream by inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPKs. A docking study used to in silico analyze the tested compounds confirmed their interaction with NF-ĸB, COX-2 and 5-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Leláková
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Veselý
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Václavík
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bobáľ
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pížová
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Steinacher
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzana Hanáková
- Department of Natural Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
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85
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Wallert M, Bauer J, Kluge S, Schmölz L, Chen YC, Ziegler M, Searle AK, Maxones A, Schubert M, Thürmer M, Pein H, Koeberle A, Werz O, Birringer M, Peter K, Lorkowski S. The vitamin E derivative garcinoic acid from Garcinia kola nut seeds attenuates the inflammatory response. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101166. [PMID: 30897408 PMCID: PMC6426704 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant Garcinia kola is used in African ethno-medicine to treat various oxidation- and inflammation-related diseases but its bioactive compounds are not well characterized. Garcinoic acid (GA) is one of the few phytochemicals that have been isolated from Garcinia kola. We investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds (NE) and purified GA, as a major phytochemical in these seeds, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and its anti-atherosclerotic potential in high fat diet fed ApoE-/- mice. This study outlines an optimized procedure for the extraction and purification of GA from Garcinia kola seeds with an increased yield and a purity of >99%. We found that LPS-induced upregulation of iNos and Cox2 expression, and the formation of the respective signaling molecules nitric oxide and prostanoids, were significantly diminished by both the NE and GA. In addition, GA treatment in mice decreased intra-plaque inflammation by attenuating nitrotyrosinylation. Further, modulation of lymphocyte sub-populations in blood and spleen have been detected, showing immune regulative properties of GA. Our study provides molecular insights into the anti-inflammatory activities of Garcinia kola and reveals GA as promising natural lead for the development of multi-target drugs to treat inflammation-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallert
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmölz
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Ziegler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy K Searle
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Maxones
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Science, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - Martin Schubert
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Thürmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Pein
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Science, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Germany; Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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86
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Charkoftaki G, Thompson DC, Golla JP, Garcia-Milian R, Lam TT, Engel J, Vasiliou V. Integrated multi-omics approach reveals a role of ALDH1A1 in lipid metabolism in human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:88-96. [PMID: 30851239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06250, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Yale MS & Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jasper Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wagenigen, the Netherlands
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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87
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Sozen E, Demirel T, Ozer NK. Vitamin E: Regulatory role in the cardiovascular system. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:507-515. [PMID: 30779288 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, all around the world. Vitamin E is an important nutrient influencing key cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as gene expression regulation centrally involved in the prevention of CVD. Cell culture and animal studies have focused on the identification of vitamin E regulated signaling pathways and involvement on inflammation, lipid homeostasis, and atherosclerotic plaque stability. While some of these vitamin E functions were verified in clinical trials, some of the positive effects were not translated into beneficial outcomes in epidemiological studies. In recent years, the physiological metabolites of vitamin E, including the liver derived (long- and short-chain) metabolites and phosphorylated (α-, γ-tocopheryl phosphate) forms, have also provided novel mechanistic insight into CVD regulation that expands beyond the vitamin E precursor. It is certain that this emerging insight into the molecular and cellular action of vitamin E will help to design further studies, either in animal models or clinical trials, on the reduction of risk for CVDs. This review focuses on vitamin E-mediated preventive cardiovascular effects and discusses novel insights into the biology and mechanism of action of vitamin E metabolites in CVD. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):507-515, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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88
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Excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidant stress as molecular bases of epileptogenesis and epilepsy-derived neurodegeneration: The role of vitamin E. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1098-1112. [PMID: 30703511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are common underlying events in neurodegeneration. This pathogenic "triad" characterizes the neurobiology of epilepsy, leading to seizure-induced cell death, increased susceptibility to neuronal synchronization and network alterations. Along with other maladaptive changes, these events pave the way to spontaneous recurrent seizures and progressive degeneration of the interested brain areas. In vivo models of epilepsy are available to explore such epileptogenic mechanisms, also assessing the efficacy of chemoprevention and therapy strategies at the pre-clinical level. The kainic acid model of pharmacological excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis is one of the most investigated mimicking the chronicization profile of temporal lobe epilepsy in humans. Its pathogenic cues include inflammatory and neuronal death pathway activation, mitochondrial disturbances and lipid peroxidation of several regions of the brain, the most vulnerable being the hippocampus. The importance of neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation as underlying molecular events of brain damage was demonstrated in this model by the possibility to counteract the related maladaptive morphological and functional changes of this organ with vitamin E, the main fat-soluble cellular antioxidant and "conditional" co-factor of enzymatic pathways involved in polyunsaturated lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling. The present review paper provides an overview of the literature supporting the potential for a timely intervention with vitamin E therapy in clinical management of seizures and epileptogenic processes associated with excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation, i.e. the pathogenic "triad".
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89
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The relationship between vitamin C status, the gut-liver axis, and metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101091. [PMID: 30640128 PMCID: PMC6327911 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors, which together predict increased risk of more serious chronic diseases. We propose that one consequence of dietary overnutrition is increased abundance of Gram-negative bacteria in the gut that cause increased inflammation, impaired gut function, and endotoxemia that further dysregulate the already compromised antioxidant vitamin status in MetS. This discussion is timely because "healthy" individuals are no longer the societal norm and specialized dietary requirements are needed for the growing prevalence of MetS. Further, these lines of evidence provide the foundational basis for investigation that poor vitamin C status promotes endotoxemia, leading to metabolic dysfunction that impairs vitamin E trafficking through a mechanism involving the gut-liver axis. This report will establish a critical need for translational research aimed at validating therapeutic approaches to manage endotoxemia-an early, but inflammation-inducing phenomenon, which not only occurs in MetS, but is also prognostic of more advanced metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the increasing severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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90
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Birringer M, Lorkowski S. Vitamin E: Regulatory role of metabolites. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:479-486. [PMID: 30578664 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E plays an important role as a lipophilic antioxidant in cellular redox homeostasis. Besides this function, numerous non-antioxidant properties of this vitamin have been discovered in the past. DNA microarray technology revealed a complex regulatory network influenced by the different vitamin E forms (Rimbach et al., Molecules, 15, 1746 (2010); Galli et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 102, 16 (2017)); however, little is known about the biological activity of vitamin E metabolites. A new chapter of vitamin E research was been opened when endogenous long-chain tocopherol metabolites were identified and their high biological activity in vitro and in vivo was recognized (Schmölz et al., World J. Biol. Chem., 7, 14 (2016); Torquato et al., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 124, 399 (2016)). Just recently, it was shown that an endogenous metabolite of vitamin E inhibits 5-lipoxygenase at nanomolar concentrations, thereby limiting inflammation (Pein et al., Nat. Commun., 9, 3834 (2018)). Furthermore, long-chain vitamin E metabolites (LCM) exhibit hormone-like activities similar to the lipid soluble vitamins A and D (Galli et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 102, 16 (2017); Schubert et al., Antioxidants, 7 (2018)). This review aims at summarizing recent findings on the regulatory activities of vitamin E metabolites, especially of LCMs. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):479-486, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Competence Center for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
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91
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Zingg JM. Vitamin E: Regulatory Role on Signal Transduction. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:456-478. [PMID: 30556637 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E modulates signal transduction pathways by several molecular mechanisms. As a hydrophobic molecule located mainly in membranes it contributes together with other lipids to the physical and structural characteristics such as membrane stability, curvature, fluidity, and the organization into microdomains (lipid rafts). By acting as the main lipid-soluble antioxidant, it protects other lipids such as mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) against chemical reactions with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) and prevents membrane destabilization and cellular dysfunction. In cells, vitamin E affects signaling in redox-dependent and redox-independent molecular mechanisms by influencing the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in modulating specific signal transduction and gene expression pathways. By protecting and preventing depletion of MUFA and PUFA it indirectly enables regulatory effects that are mediated by the numerous lipid mediators derived from these lipids. In recent years, some vitamin E metabolites have been observed to affect signal transduction and gene expression and their relevance for the regulatory function of vitamin E is beginning to be elucidated. In particular, the modulation of the CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter by vitamin E may influence many cellular signaling pathways relevant for lipid homeostasis, inflammation, survival/apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and senescence. Thus, vitamin E has an important role in modulating signal transduction and gene expression pathways relevant for its uptake, distribution, metabolism, and molecular action that when impaired affect physiological and patho-physiological cellular functions relevant for the prevention of a number of diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):456-478, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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92
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Khadangi F, Azzi A. Vitamin E - The Next 100 Years. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:411-415. [PMID: 30550633 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol is the only tocopherol that has been shown to prevent the human deficiency disease Ataxia with Isolated Vitamin E Deficiency (AVED), and thus it is the only one that, for humans, can be called vitamin E. Vitamin E in addition to preventing AVED has documented immune boosting properties and an activity against nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis and low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological studies indicating that vitamin E could prevent cardiovascular events, neurodegenerative disease, macular degeneration, and cancer were in general not confirmed by clinical intervention studies. Vitamin E and some of its metabolites modulate cell signaling and gene transcription. Future research is needed to achieve a better understanding of the molecular events leading to gene regulation by vitamin E, especially in its phosphorylated form. Isolation and characterization of the vitamin E kinase and vitamin E phosphate phosphatase will help in the understanding of cell regulation processes modulated by vitamin E. A clarification of the pathogenesis of AVED remains an important goal to be achieved. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):411-415, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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