51
|
Rotulo GA, Palma P. Understanding COVID-19 in children: immune determinants and post-infection conditions. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:434-442. [PMID: 36879079 PMCID: PMC9987407 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 in children presents with milder clinical manifestations than in adults. On the other hand, the presence of a wide range of inflammatory manifestations, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), in the period after infection suggests a particular susceptibility of some children toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Both protective factors that prevent evolution to severe forms and risk factors for post-infectious conditions are likely to be found in age-related differences in the immune system. The prompt innate response with type I IFN production and the generation of neutralizing antibodies play a crucial role in containing the infection. The greater number of naive and regulatory cells in children helps to avoid the cytokine storm while the causes of the intense inflammatory response in MIS-C need to be elucidated. This review aims to analyze the main results of the recent literature assessing immune response to SARS-CoV-2 over the pediatric age group. We summarized such observations by dividing them into innate and acquired immunity, then reporting how altered immune responses can determine post-infectious conditions. IMPACT: The main immune markers of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are summarized in this review. This paper reports a broad overview of age-related differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and emerging post-infection conditions. A summary of currently available therapies for the pediatric age group is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Andrea Rotulo
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy.
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Pierre CN, Adams LE, Anasti K, Goodman D, Stanfield-Oakley S, Powers JM, Li D, Rountree W, Wang Y, Edwards RJ, Munir Alam S, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Haynes BF, Baric RS, Saunders KO. Non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain antibodies protect mice against severe disease using Fc-mediated effector functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.25.550460. [PMID: 37546738 PMCID: PMC10402036 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies perform both neutralizing and non-neutralizing effector functions that protect against certain pathogen-induced diseases. A human antibody directed at the SARS-CoV-2 Spike N-terminal domain (NTD), DH1052, was recently shown to be non-neutralizing yet it protected mice and cynomolgus macaques from severe disease. The mechanisms of this non-neutralizing antibody-mediated protection are unknown. Here we show that Fc effector functions mediate non-neutralizing antibody (non-nAb) protection against SARS-CoV-2 MA10 viral challenge in mice. Though non-nAb infusion did not suppress infectious viral titers in the lung as potently as NTD neutralizing antibody (nAb) infusion, disease markers including gross lung discoloration were similar in nAb and non-nAb groups. Fc functional knockout substitutions abolished non-nAb protection and increased viral titers in the nAb group. Finally, Fc enhancement increased non-nAb protection relative to WT, supporting a positive association between Fc functionality and degree of protection in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates that non-nAbs can utilize Fc-mediated mechanisms to lower viral load and prevent lung damage due to coronavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille N Pierre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Lily E Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - John M Powers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Prenafeta A, Bech-Sàbat G, Moros A, Barreiro A, Fernández A, Cañete M, Roca M, González-González L, Garriga C, Confais J, Toussenot M, Contamin H, Pizzorno A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Pradenas E, Marfil S, Blanco J, Rica PC, Sisteré-Oró M, Meyerhans A, Lorca C, Segalés J, Prat T, March R, Ferrer L. Preclinical evaluation of PHH-1V vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. iScience 2023; 26:107224. [PMID: 37502366 PMCID: PMC10299950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, continuously striking with an unpredictable evolution. Despite the success in vaccine production and mass vaccination programs, the situation is not still completely controlled, and therefore accessible second-generation vaccines are required to mitigate the pandemic. We previously developed an adjuvanted vaccine candidate coded PHH-1V, based on a heterodimer fusion protein comprising the RBD domain of two SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report data on the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of PHH-1V in cynomolgus macaques. PHH-1V prime-boost vaccination induces high levels of RBD-specific IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against several SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as a balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response. Remarkably, PHH-1V vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lower respiratory tract and significantly reduces viral load in the upper respiratory tract after an experimental infection. These results highlight the potential use of the PHH-1V vaccine in humans, currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Cañete
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Mercè Roca
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | - Carme Garriga
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | | | | | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (uVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Cebollada Rica
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Teresa Prat
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Ricard March
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ziganshina MM, Shilova NV, Khalturina EO, Dolgushina NV, V Borisevich S, Yarotskaya EL, Bovin NV, Sukhikh GT. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement with a Focus on SARS-CoV-2 and Anti-Glycan Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:1584. [PMID: 37515270 PMCID: PMC10384250 DOI: 10.3390/v15071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon where virus-specific antibodies paradoxically cause enhanced viral replication and/or excessive immune responses, leading to infection exacerbation, tissue damage, and multiple organ failure. ADE has been observed in many viral infections and is supposed to complicate the course of COVID-19. However, the evidence is insufficient. Since no specific laboratory markers have been described, the prediction and confirmation of ADE are very challenging. The only possible predictor is the presence of already existing (after previous infection) antibodies that can bind to viral epitopes and promote the disease enhancement. At the same time, the virus-specific antibodies are also a part of immune response against a pathogen. These opposite effects of antibodies make ADE research controversial. The assignment of immunoglobulins to ADE-associated or virus neutralizing is based on their affinity, avidity, and content in blood. However, these criteria are not clearly defined. Another debatable issue (rather terminological, but no less important) is that in most publications about ADE, all immunoglobulins produced by the immune system against pathogens are qualified as pre-existing antibodies, thus ignoring the conventional use of this term for natural antibodies produced without any stimulation by pathogens. Anti-glycan antibodies (AGA) make up a significant part of the natural immunoglobulins pool, and there is some evidence of their antiviral effect, particularly in COVID-19. AGA have been shown to be involved in ADE in bacterial infections, but their role in the development of ADE in viral infections has not been studied. This review focuses on pros and cons for AGA as an ADE trigger. We also present the results of our pilot studies, suggesting that AGAs, which bind to complex epitopes (glycan plus something else in tight proximity), may be involved in the development of the ADE phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Ziganshina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia O Khalturina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Dolgushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina L Yarotskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Honda-Okubo Y, Li L, André G, Leong KH, Howerth EW, Bebin-Blackwell AG, Ross TM, Petrovsky N. An Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques from a homologous SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge. Vaccine 2023; 41:4710-4718. [PMID: 37355452 PMCID: PMC10277844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional protein-based vaccine approaches to COVID-19 were overshadowed by the new mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccine approaches which were first to receive marketing authorization. The current study tested for the first time in repurposed aged (median 15.4 years) cynomolgus macaques, a novel Advax-CpG55.2™ adjuvanted recombinant extracellular domain spike protein trimer antigen for immunogenicity, protection and safety. Nine animals received two intramuscular injections 10 days apart of recombinant spike protein (25 μg) with Advax-CpG55.2™ (10 mg/200 μg) and 5 controls received saline injections. Serum antibody levels were followed for 3 months and then the animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Clinical signs, local reactions, body weight, food consumption and antibody levels were monitored till termination on either day 3 or 7 post-infection. Two weeks after the second dose, 8/9 immunized macaques had high serum spike and receptor binding domain binding antibodies that were able to cross-neutralize Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and, to a lesser extent, Omicron variants (B.1.1.529 ). Antibody levels decayed over the subsequent 3 months, and minimal neutralizing antibody was detectable immediately prior to the challenge which used a vaccine-homologous Wuhan-like ancestral virus. Of the nine vaccinated animals, only one 18-year-old female sacrificed at d3 had low levels of lung virus, versus 100 % of the control animals. Four of 5 (80 %) control animals had positive lung staining for SARS-CoV-2 virus versus just 1 of 9 (11 %) in the immunized group. The immunized animals exhibited better maintenance of appetite post-challenge. Neutralizing antibody levels rebounded rapidly in immunized animals, post-challenge. This data supports the benefits of Advax-CpG adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine in protecting against a homologous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lei Li
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | - Greiciely André
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | - King Ho Leong
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
| | | | | | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Sixt T, Moretto F, Esteve C, Duong M, Buisson M, Mahy S, Blot M, Piroth L. Healing Treatments in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4672. [PMID: 37510786 PMCID: PMC10380607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, many drugs have been evaluated or advocated as potential treatments of SARS-CoV-2 induced disease (COVID-19), including many repositioned drugs and some others specifically developed for these diseases. They can be roughly classified into three categories according to their main mechanism of action (passive immunization, direct antivirals, and anti-inflammatory treatments), and their use depends on the stage of the disease. Despite often promising preclinical data, most of the treatments evaluated failed to show a significant clinical benefit. In addition, a few others have seen their effectiveness affected by the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and sub-variants. Herein, the aim of this article is to take stock of the data available as of the 14th of July 2022, concerning the specific healing options evaluated for patients suffering from COVID-19. We focus particularly on healing treatments of COVID-19 and do not deal with preventive treatments such as vaccine. Associated therapies such as venous thromboembolism prophylaxis are not detailed since they are covered in a specific chapter of this issue. Passive immunization, especially through monoclonal antibodies, showed a positive impact on the clinical evolution, whether in outpatients or inpatients without oxygen supply. However, their effectiveness strongly depends on the type of SARS-CoV-2 variant, and often decreases or even vanishes with the most recent variants. Among direct antiviral treatments, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir appears to currently be the cornerstone in the management of early infections, but its use may be limited by drug interactions. Remdesivir remains as an alternative in this situation, even though it is potentially less convenient. Anti-inflammatory treatments have often been shown to be the most effective in inpatients with oxygen supply. Dexamethasone is now a cornerstone of management of these patients. Added tocilizumab seems beneficial in the case of hyper inflammation. JAK inhibitors and anakinra have also gained an interest in some studies. As a conclusion of this narrative review, the best treatment strategy has yet to be defined and is likely to evolve in the future, not only because many other drugs are still under development and evaluation, but also because of the viral epidemics and epidemiology evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Sixt
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Florian Moretto
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Clementine Esteve
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Michel Duong
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Buisson
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Mahy
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Blot
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, CIC 1432, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Infectious Diseases Department, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, CIC 1432, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Sawant J, Patil A, Kurle S. A Review: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1240. [PMID: 37515055 PMCID: PMC10384352 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE) of an infection has been of interest in the investigation of many viruses. It is associated with the severity of the infection. ADE is mediated by non-neutralizing antibodies, antibodies at sub-neutralizing concentrations, or cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies. Treatments like plasma therapy, B cell immunizations, and antibody therapies may trigger ADE. It is seen as an impediment to vaccine development as well. In viruses including the Dengue virus (DENV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus, Zika virus, and influenza virus, the likely mechanisms of ADE are postulated and described. ADE improves the likelihood of productively infecting cells that are expressing the complement receptor or the Fc receptor (FcR) rather than the viral receptors. ADE occurs when the FcR, particularly the Fc gamma receptor, and/or complement system, particularly Complement 1q (C1q), allow the entry of the virus-antibody complex into the cell. Moreover, ADE alters the innate immune pathways to escape from lysis, promoting viral replication inside the cell that produces viral particles. This review discusses the involvement of FcR and the downstream immunomodulatory pathways in ADE, the complement system, and innate antiviral signaling pathways modification in ADE and its impact on facilitating viral replication. Additionally, we have outlined the modes of ADE in the cases of different viruses reported until now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sawant
- HIV Drug Resistance Laboratory, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Ajit Patil
- HIV Drug Resistance Laboratory, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Swarali Kurle
- HIV Drug Resistance Laboratory, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yazdanparast S, Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi M, Mikanik F, Ahmadi R, Ghorbani M, Mansoorian MR, Mansoorian M, Chegni H, Moshari J, Gharehbaghian A. Spotlight on contributory role of host immunogenetic profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccine effectiveness. Life Sci 2023:121907. [PMID: 37394094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread continuously worldwide, characterized by various clinical symptoms. The immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection by producing Abs and secreting cytokines. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted that immunogenetic factors perform a putative role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and implicate vaccination effectiveness. AIM This review summarizes the relevant articles and evaluates the significance of mutation and polymorphism in immune-related genes regarding susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccination effectiveness of COVID-19. Furthermore, the correlation between host immunogenetic and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is discussed. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant articles using five databases until January 2023, which resulted in 105 total articles. KEY FINDINGS Taken to gather this review summarized that: (a) there is a plausible correlation between immune-related genes and COVID-19 outcomes, (b) the HLAs, cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related genes expression profiles can be a prognostic factor in COVID-19-infected patients, and (c) polymorphisms in immune-related genes have been associated with the effectiveness of vaccination. SIGNIFICANCE Regarding the importance of mutation and polymorphisms in immune-related genes in COVID-19 outcomes, modulating candidate genes is expected to help clinical decisions, patient outcomes management, and innovative therapeutic approach development. In addition, the manipulation of host immunogenetics is hypothesized to induce more robust cellular and humoral immune responses, effectively increase the efficacy of vaccines, and subsequently reduce the incidence rates of reinfection-associated COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikanik
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | | | - Mozhgan Mansoorian
- Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Chegni
- Department of Immunology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Moshari
- School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Matveev A, Pyankov O, Khlusevich Y, Tyazhelkova O, Emelyanova L, Timofeeva A, Shipovalov A, Chechushkov A, Zaitseva N, Kudrov G, Yusubalieva G, Yussubaliyeva S, Zhukova O, Baklaushev V, Sedykh S, Lifshits G, Tikunov A, Tikunova N. Antibodies Capable of Enhancing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Can Circulate in Patients with Severe COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10799. [PMID: 37445984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been shown previously for SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. In this study, the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) that causes ADE in a SARS-CoV-2 in vivo model was identified. mAb RS2 against the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein was developed using hybridoma technology. mAb RS2 demonstrated sub-nanomolar affinity and ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro with IC50 360 ng/mL. In an animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dose-dependent protective efficacy of mAb RS2 was revealed. However, in post-exposure prophylaxis, the administration of mAb RS2 led to an increase in the viral load in the respiratory tract of animals. Three groups of blood plasma were examined for antibodies competing with mAb RS2: (1) plasmas from vaccinated donors without COVID-19; (2) plasmas from volunteers with mild symptoms of COVID-19; (3) plasmas from patients with severe COVID-19. It was demonstrated that antibodies competing with mAb RS2 were significantly more often recorded in sera from volunteers with severe COVID-19. The results demonstrated for the first time that in animals, SARS-CoV-2 can induce antibody/antibodies that can elicit ADE. Moreover, in the sera of patients with severe COVID-19, there are antibodies competing for the binding of an epitope that is recognized by the ADE-eliciting mAb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Matveev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Yana Khlusevich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Tyazhelkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Emelyanova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna Timofeeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Shipovalov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Anton Chechushkov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Gleb Kudrov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Gaukhar Yusubalieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, FMBA of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Saule Yussubaliyeva
- Department of General Medical Practice with the Course of Evidence-Based Medicine, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Oxana Zhukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Pulmonology Research Institute, FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Sedykh
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina Lifshits
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem Tikunov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina Tikunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Yoshizue T, Brindha S, Wongnak R, Takemae H, Oba M, Mizutani T, Kuroda Y. Antisera Produced Using an E. coli-Expressed SARS-CoV-2 RBD and Complemented with a Minimal Dose of Mammalian-Cell-Expressed S1 Subunit of the Spike Protein Exhibits Improved Neutralization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10583. [PMID: 37445760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli-expressed proteins could provide a rapid, cost-effective, and safe antigen for subunit vaccines, provided we can produce them in a properly folded form inducing neutralizing antibodies. Here, we use an E. coli-expressed SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein as a model to examine whether it yields neutralizing antisera with effects comparable to those generated by the S1 subunit of the spike protein (S1 or S1 subunit, thereafter) expressed in mammalian cells. We immunized 5-week-old Jcl-ICR female mice by injecting RBD (30 µg) and S1 subunit (5 µg) according to four schemes: two injections 8 weeks apart with RBD (RBD/RBD), two injections with S1 (S1/S1), one injection with RBD, and the second one with S1 (RBD/S1), and vice versa (S1/RBD). Ten weeks after the first injection (two weeks after the second injection), all combinations induced a strong immune response with IgG titer > 105 (S1/RBD < S1/S1 < RBD/S1 < RBD/RBD). In addition, the neutralization effect of the antisera ranked as S1/RBD~RBD/S1 (80%) > S1/S1 (56%) > RBD/RBD (42%). These results indicate that two injections with E. coli-expressed RBD, or mammalian-cell-produced spike S1 subunit alone, can provide some protection against SARS-CoV-2, but a mixed injection scheme yields significantly higher protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshizue
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
| | - Subbaian Brindha
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8538, Japan
| | - Rawiwan Wongnak
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8538, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8538, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8538, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8538, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lista F, Peragallo MS, Biselli R, De Santis R, Mariotti S, Nisini R, D'Amelio R. Have Diagnostics, Therapies, and Vaccines Made the Difference in the Pandemic Evolution of COVID-19 in Comparison with "Spanish Flu"? Pathogens 2023; 12:868. [PMID: 37513715 PMCID: PMC10384375 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1918 many countries, but not Spain, were fighting World War I. Spanish press could report about the diffusion and severity of a new infection without censorship for the first-time, so that this pandemic is commonly defined as "Spanish flu", even though Spain was not its place of origin. "Spanish flu" was one of the deadliest pandemics in history and has been frequently compared with the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. These pandemics share similarities, being both caused by highly variable and transmissible respiratory RNA viruses, and diversity, represented by diagnostics, therapies, and especially vaccines, which were made rapidly available for COVID-19, but not for "Spanish flu". Most comparison studies have been carried out in the first period of COVID-19, when these resources were either not yet available or their use had not long started. Conversely, we wanted to analyze the role that the advanced diagnostics, anti-viral agents, including monoclonal antibodies, and innovative COVID-19 vaccines, may have had in the pandemic containment. Early diagnosis, therapies, and anti-COVID-19 vaccines have markedly reduced the pandemic severity and mortality, thus preventing the collapse of the public health services. However, their influence on the reduction of infections and re-infections, thus on the transition from pandemic to endemic condition, appears to be of minor relevance. The high viral variability of influenza and coronavirus may probably be contained by the development of universal vaccines, which are not easy to be obtained. The only effective weapon still remains the disease prevention, to be achieved with the reduction of promiscuity between the animal reservoirs of these zoonotic diseases and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florigio Lista
- Istituto di Scienze Biomediche della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Stefano Peragallo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche di Sanità e Veterinaria, Comando Logistico dell'Esercito, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Istituto di Scienze Biomediche della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, 00184 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza, Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele D'Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, 00198 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Kegler A, Drewitz L, Arndt C, Daglar C, Rodrigues Loureiro L, Mitwasi N, Neuber C, González Soto KE, Bartsch T, Baraban L, Ziehr H, Heine M, Nieter A, Moreira-Soto A, Kühne A, Drexler JF, Seliger B, Laube M, Máthé D, Pályi B, Hajdrik P, Forgách L, Kis Z, Szigeti K, Bergmann R, Feldmann A, Bachmann M. A novel ACE2 decoy for both neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants and killing of infected cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1204543. [PMID: 37383226 PMCID: PMC10293748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1204543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to millions of infections and deaths worldwide. As this virus evolves rapidly, there is a high need for treatment options that can win the race against new emerging variants of concern. Here, we describe a novel immunotherapeutic drug based on the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and provide experimental evidence that it cannot only be used for (i) neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in SARS-CoV-2-infected animal models but also for (ii) clearance of virus-infected cells. For the latter purpose, we equipped the ACE2 decoy with an epitope tag. Thereby, we converted it to an adapter molecule, which we successfully applied in the modular platforms UniMAB and UniCAR for retargeting of either unmodified or universal chimeric antigen receptor-modified immune effector cells. Our results pave the way for a clinical application of this novel ACE2 decoy, which will clearly improve COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kegler
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Drewitz
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cansu Daglar
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana Rodrigues Loureiro
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicola Mitwasi
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Karla Elizabeth González Soto
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Tabea Bartsch
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Ziehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Annabel Nieter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andres Moreira-Soto
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kühne
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Medical High School, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Szeged, Hungary
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Division of Microbiological Reference Laboratories, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Polett Hajdrik
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Forgách
- Semmelweis University School of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kis
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Division of Microbiological Reference Laboratories, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Rahman MS, Han MJ, Kim SW, Kang SM, Kim BR, Kim H, Lee CJ, Noh JE, Kim H, Lee JO, Jang SK. Structure-Guided Development of Bivalent Aptamers Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Molecules 2023; 28:4645. [PMID: 37375202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastation to human society through its high virulence, infectivity, and genomic mutations, which reduced the efficacy of vaccines. Here, we report the development of aptamers that effectively interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting its spike protein, which plays a pivotal role in host cell entry of the virus through interaction with the viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). To develop highly effective aptamers and to understand their mechanism in inhibiting viral infection, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structures of aptamer/receptor-binding domain (RBD) complexes using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Moreover, we developed bivalent aptamers targeting two distinct regions of the RBD in the spike protein that directly interact with ACE2. One aptamer interferes with the binding of ACE2 by blocking the ACE2-binding site in RBD, and the other aptamer allosterically inhibits ACE2 by binding to a distinct face of RBD. Using the 3D structures of aptamer-RBD complexes, we minimized and optimized these aptamers. By combining the optimized aptamers, we developed a bivalent aptamer that showed a stronger inhibitory effect on virus infection than the component aptamers. This study confirms that the structure-based aptamer-design approach has a high potential in developing antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Han
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Mu Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ri Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Kim
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Noh
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Oh Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Sansone F, Pellegrino GM, Caronni A, Bonazza F, Vegni E, Lué A, Bocci T, Pipolo C, Giusti G, Di Filippo P, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F, Sferrazza Papa GF, Attanasi M. Long COVID in Children: A Multidisciplinary Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1990. [PMID: 37370884 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID syndrome has emerged as a long-lasting consequence of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults. In addition, children may be affected by Long COVID, with potential clinical issues in different fields, including problems in school performance and daily activities. Yet, the pathophysiologic bases of Long COVID in children are largely unknown, and it is difficult to predict who will develop the syndrome. In this multidisciplinary clinical review, we summarise the latest scientific data regarding Long COVID and its impact on children. Special attention is given to diagnostic tests, in order to help the physicians to find potential disease markers and quantify impairment. Specifically, we assess the respiratory, upper airways, cardiac, neurologic and motor and psychological aspects. Finally, we also propose a multidisciplinary clinical approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Caronni
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Luca, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bonazza
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Psychology, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vegni
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Psychology, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Lué
- Service of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, "Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo", University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pipolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Giusti
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Di Filippo
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sabrina Di Pillo
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marina Attanasi
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Yang Y, Zhou L, Mo C, Hu L, Zhou Z, Fan Y, Liu W, Li X, Zhou R, Tian X. Identification of conserved linear epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding region using monoclonal antibodies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16847. [PMID: 37292282 PMCID: PMC10238280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused millions of cases of infections, leading to a global health emergency. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein plays the most important role in viral infection, and S1 subunit and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) are widely considered the most attractive vaccine targets. The RBD is highly immunogenic and its linear epitopes are important for vaccine development and therapy, but linear epitopes on the RBD have rarely been reported. In this study, 151 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein were characterized and used to identify epitopes. Fifty-one mAbs reacted with eukaryotic SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Sixty-nine mAbs reacted with the S proteins of Omicron variants B.1.1.529 and BA.5, indicating their potential as rapid diagnostic materials. Three novel linear epitopes of RBD, R6 (391CFTNVYADSFVIRGD405), R12 (463PFERDISTEIYQAGS477), and R16 (510VVVLSFELLHAPAT523), were identified; these were highly conserved in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and could be detected in the convalescent serum of COVID-19 patients. From pseudovirus neutralization assays, some mAbs including one detecting R12 were found to possess neutralizing activity. Together, from the reaction of mAbs with eukaryotic RBD (N501Y), RBD (E484K), and S1 (D614G), we found that a single amino acid mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein may cause a structural alteration, exerting substantial impact on mAb recognition. Our results could, therefore, help us better understand the function of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and develop diagnostic tools for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Liling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Chuncong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Longbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Ye Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xingui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Li G, Hilgenfeld R, Whitley R, De Clercq E. Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:449-475. [PMID: 37076602 PMCID: PMC10113999 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and/or human proteins to control viral infection, encompassing hundreds of potential drugs and thousands of patients in clinical trials. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, remdesivir and molnupiravir) and 11 monoclonal antibodies have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19, mostly requiring administration within 10 days of symptom onset. In addition, hospitalized patients with severe or critical COVID-19 may benefit from treatment with previously approved immunomodulatory drugs, including glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone, cytokine antagonists such as tocilizumab and Janus kinase inhibitors such as baricitinib. Here, we summarize progress with COVID-19 drug discovery, based on accumulated findings since the pandemic began and a comprehensive list of clinical and preclinical inhibitors with anti-coronavirus activities. We also discuss the lessons learned from COVID-19 and other infectious diseases with regard to drug repurposing strategies, pan-coronavirus drug targets, in vitro assays and animal models, and platform trial design for the development of therapeutics to tackle COVID-19, long COVID and pathogenic coronaviruses in future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangdi Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University; Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China.
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Richard Whitley
- Department of Paediatrics, Microbiology, Medicine and Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Kan AKC, Li PH. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines: potential concerns of antibody-dependent enhancement and original antigenic sin. Immunol Lett 2023; 259:21-23. [PMID: 37230399 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inactivated vaccine is one of the platforms employed in COVID-19 vaccines. Inactivated vaccines have been associated with concerns of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and original antigenic sin (OAS), which are related to non-neutralising or poorly neutralising antibodies against the pathogen. Since inactivated COVID-19 vaccines use whole-SARS-CoV-2 virus as the immunogen, they are expected to generate antibodies against non-spike structural proteins, which are highly conservative across variants of SARS-CoV-2. These antibodies against non-spike structural proteins have found to be largely non-neutralising or poorly neutralising in nature. Hence, inactivated COVID-19 vaccines could possibly be associated with ADE and OAS, especially as novel variants emerge. This article explores the potential concern of ADE and OAS in the context of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, and outlines the future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Ka Chun Kan
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Hei Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Blickstein D, Izak M, Filipovich-Rimon T, Garach-Jehoshua O, Rahimi-Levene N, Shinar E, Hamad RA, Bar-Chaim A, Koren-Michowitz M. Antiphospholipid antibodies in convalescent plasma of donors recovered from mild COVID-19 infection. Vox Sang 2023. [PMID: 37191363 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Passive immunization by the infusion of convalescent plasma (CP) obtained from patients who have recently recovered from COVID-19, thus having antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a potential strategy to reduce the severity of illness. A high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) in patients with COVID-19 has been reported during the pandemic, raising a concern whether the use of CP could increase the risk of thrombosis in transfused patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of APLA in COVID-19 CP (CCP) in order to assess the potential prothrombotic influence of transfused CCP to COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the prevalence of APLA in 122 CCP samples collected from healthy donors who recovered from mild-COVID-19 at two time periods: September 2020-January 2021 (defined as 'early period' samples) and April-May 2021 (defined as 'late period' samples). Thirty-four healthy subjects unexposed to COVID-19 were used as controls. RESULTS APLA were present in 7 of 122 (6%) CCP samples. One donor had anti-β2-glycoprotein 1(anti-β2GP1) IgG, one had anti-β2GP1 IgM and five had lupus anticoagulant (LAC) using silica clotting time (SCT), all in 'late period' donors. In the control group, one subject had anti-β2GP1 IgG, two had LAC using dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) and four had LAC SCT (both LAC SCT and LAC dRVVT in one subject). CONCLUSION The low prevalence of APLA in CCP donors reassures the safety of CCP administration to patients with severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Blickstein
- Department of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Marina Izak
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ramzia Abu Hamad
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Adina Bar-Chaim
- Clinical Laboratories, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Maya Koren-Michowitz
- Department of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Chen B, Julg B, Mohandas S, Bradfute SB. Viral persistence, reactivation, and mechanisms of long COVID. eLife 2023; 12:e86015. [PMID: 37140960 PMCID: PMC10159620 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86015;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has infected hundreds of millions of individuals. Following COVID-19 infection, a subset can develop a wide range of chronic symptoms affecting diverse organ systems referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. A National Institutes of Health-sponsored initiative, RECOVER: Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery, has sought to understand the basis of long COVID in a large cohort. Given the range of symptoms that occur in long COVID, the mechanisms that may underlie these diverse symptoms may also be diverse. In this review, we focus on the emerging literature supporting the role(s) that viral persistence or reactivation of viruses may play in PASC. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigens is reported in some organs, yet the mechanism by which they do so and how they may be associated with pathogenic immune responses is unclear. Understanding the mechanisms of persistence of RNA, antigen or other reactivated viruses and how they may relate to specific inflammatory responses that drive symptoms of PASC may provide a rationale for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Boris Julg
- Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and HarvardBostonUnited States
| | - Sindhu Mohandas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Chen B, Julg B, Mohandas S, Bradfute SB. Viral persistence, reactivation, and mechanisms of long COVID. eLife 2023; 12:e86015. [PMID: 37140960 PMCID: PMC10159620 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has infected hundreds of millions of individuals. Following COVID-19 infection, a subset can develop a wide range of chronic symptoms affecting diverse organ systems referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. A National Institutes of Health-sponsored initiative, RECOVER: Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery, has sought to understand the basis of long COVID in a large cohort. Given the range of symptoms that occur in long COVID, the mechanisms that may underlie these diverse symptoms may also be diverse. In this review, we focus on the emerging literature supporting the role(s) that viral persistence or reactivation of viruses may play in PASC. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigens is reported in some organs, yet the mechanism by which they do so and how they may be associated with pathogenic immune responses is unclear. Understanding the mechanisms of persistence of RNA, antigen or other reactivated viruses and how they may relate to specific inflammatory responses that drive symptoms of PASC may provide a rationale for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Boris Julg
- Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and HarvardBostonUnited States
| | - Sindhu Mohandas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Montgomerie I, Bird TW, Palmer OR, Mason NC, Pankhurst TE, Lawley B, Hernández LC, Harfoot R, Authier-Hall A, Anderson DE, Hilligan KL, Buick KH, Mbenza NM, Mittelstädt G, Maxwell S, Sinha S, Kuang J, Subbarao K, Parker EJ, Sher A, Hermans IF, Ussher JE, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Comoletti D, Connor LM. Incorporation of SARS-CoV-2 spike NTD to RBD protein vaccine improves immunity against viral variants. iScience 2023; 26:106256. [PMID: 36845030 PMCID: PMC9940465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a threat to human health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)-based vaccines are suitable candidates for booster vaccines, eliciting a focused antibody response enriched for virus neutralizing activity. Although RBD proteins are manufactured easily, and have excellent stability and safety properties, they are poorly immunogenic compared to the full-length spike protein. We have overcome this limitation by engineering a subunit vaccine composed of an RBD tandem dimer fused to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein. We found that inclusion of the NTD (1) improved the magnitude and breadth of the T cell and anti-RBD response, and (2) enhanced T follicular helper cell and memory B cell generation, antibody potency, and cross-reactive neutralization activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1). In summary, our uniquely engineered RBD-NTD-subunit protein vaccine provides a promising booster vaccination strategy capable of protecting against known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Montgomerie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W Bird
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olga R Palmer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Blair Lawley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Leonor C Hernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhodri Harfoot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Danielle E Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerry L Hilligan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlin H Buick
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Naasson M Mbenza
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gerd Mittelstädt
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Samara Maxwell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shubhra Sinha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Kuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily J Parker
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Miguel E Quiñones-Mateu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Webster Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Davide Comoletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Affonso de Oliveira JF, Zhao Z, Xiang Y, Shin MD, Villaseñor KE, Deng X, Shukla S, Chen S, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccines based on viral nanoparticles displaying a conserved B-cell epitope show potent immunogenicity and a long-lasting antibody response. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117494. [PMID: 37152732 PMCID: PMC10157238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 sparked intensive research into the development of effective vaccines, 50 of which have been approved thus far, including the novel mRNA-based vaccines developed by Pfizer and Moderna. Although limiting the severity of the disease, the mRNA-based vaccines presented drawbacks, such as the cold chain requirement. Moreover, antibody levels generated by these vaccines decline significantly after 6 months. These vaccines deliver mRNA encoding the full-length spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, but must be updated as new strains and variants of concern emerge, creating a demand for adjusted formulations and booster campaigns. To overcome these challenges, we have developed COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on the highly conserved SARS CoV-2, 809-826 B-cell peptide epitope (denoted 826) conjugated to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles and bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles, both platforms have exceptional thermal stability and facilitate epitope delivery with inbuilt adjuvant activity. We evaluated two administration methods: subcutaneous injection and an implantable polymeric scaffold. Mice received a prime-boost regimen of 100 μg per dose (2 weeks apart) or a single dose of 200 μg administered as a liquid formulation, or a polymer implant. Antibody titers were evaluated longitudinally over 50 weeks. The vaccine candidates generally elicited an early Th2-biased immune response, which stimulates the production of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, followed by a switch to a Th1-biased response for most formulations. Exceptionally, vaccine candidate 826-CPMV (administered as prime-boost, soluble injection) elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, which is necessary to prevent pulmonary immunopathology associated with Th2 bias extremes. While the Qβ-based vaccine elicited overall higher antibody titers, the CPMV-induced antibodies had higher avidity. Regardless of the administration route and formulation, our vaccine candidates maintained high antibody titers for more than 50 weeks, confirming a potent and durable immune response against SARS-CoV-2 even after a single dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongchao Zhao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Attoui H, Mohd Jaafar F, Monsion B, Klonjkowski B, Reid E, Fay PC, Saunders K, Lomonossoff G, Haig D, Mertens PPC. Increased Clinical Signs and Mortality in IFNAR (-/-) Mice Immunised with the Bluetongue Virus Outer-Capsid Proteins VP2 or VP5, after Challenge with an Attenuated Heterologous Serotype. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040602. [PMID: 37111488 PMCID: PMC10141489 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue is an economically important disease of domesticated and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). There are at least 36 different serotypes of BTV (the identity of which is determined by its outer-capsid protein VP2), most of which are transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. IFNAR(-/-) mice immunised with plant-expressed outer-capsid protein VP2 (rVP2) of BTV serotypes -1, -4 or -8, or the smaller outer-capsid protein rVP5 of BTV-10, or mock-immunised with PBS, were subsequently challenged with virulent strains of BTV-4 or BTV-8, or with an attenuated clone of BTV-1 (BTV-1RGC7). The mice that had received rVP2 generated a protective immune response against the homologous BTV serotype, reducing viraemia (as detected by qRT-PCR), the severity of clinical signs and mortality levels. No cross-serotype protection was observed after challenge with the heterologous BTV serotypes. However, the severity of clinical signs, viraemia and fatality levels after challenge with the attenuated strain of BTV-1 were all increased in mice immunised with rVP2 of BTV-4 and BTV-8, or with rVP5 of BTV10. The possibility is discussed that non-neutralising antibodies, reflecting serological relationships between the outer-capsid proteins of these different BTV serotypes, could lead to 'antibody-dependent enhancement of infection' (ADE). Such interactions could affect the epidemiology and emergence of different BTV strains in the field and would therefore be relevant to the design and implementation of vaccination campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Attoui
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Elizabeth Reid
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Petra C Fay
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Keith Saunders
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - George Lomonossoff
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David Haig
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Peter P C Mertens
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Barreiro A, Prenafeta A, Bech-Sabat G, Roca M, Perozo Mur E, March R, González-González L, Madrenas L, Corominas J, Fernández A, Moros A, Cañete M, Molas M, Pentinat-Pelegrin T, Panosa C, Moreno A, Puigvert Molas E, Pol Vilarrassa E, Palmada J, Garriga C, Prat Cabañas T, Iglesias-Fernández J, Vergara-Alert J, Lorca-Oró C, Roca N, Fernández-Bastit L, Rodon J, Pérez M, Segalés J, Pradenas E, Marfil S, Trinité B, Ortiz R, Clotet B, Blanco J, Díaz Pedroza J, Ampudia Carrasco R, Rosales Salgado Y, Loubat-Casanovas J, Capdevila Larripa S, Prado JG, Barretina J, Sisteré-Oró M, Cebollada Rica P, Meyerhans A, Ferrer L. Preclinical evaluation of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on a recombinant RBD fusion heterodimer of SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2023; 26:106126. [PMID: 36748086 PMCID: PMC9893798 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Current COVID-19 vaccines have been associated with a decline in infection rates, prevention of severe disease, and a decrease in mortality rates. However, SARS-CoV-2 variants are continuously evolving, and development of new accessible COVID-19 vaccines is essential to mitigate the pandemic. Here, we present data on preclinical studies in mice of a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based recombinant protein vaccine (PHH-1V) consisting of an RBD fusion heterodimer comprising the B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variants formulated in SQBA adjuvant, an oil-in-water emulsion. A prime-boost immunisation with PHH-1V in BALB/c and K18-hACE2 mice induced a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response and RBD-binding antibodies with neutralizing activity against several variants, and also showed a good tolerability profile. Significantly, RBD fusion heterodimer vaccination conferred 100% efficacy, preventing mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infected K18-hACE2 mice, but also reducing Beta, Delta and Omicron infection in lower respiratory airways. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of this recombinant vaccine strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mercè Roca
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Ricard March
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Madrenas
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Cañete
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Molas
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Clara Panosa
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Palmada
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | - Carme Garriga
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca-Oró
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Roca
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Leira Fernández-Bastit
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mònica Pérez
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CReSA (IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortiz
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, 08500 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, 08500 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz Pedroza
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (CMCiB-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ampudia Carrasco
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (CMCiB-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Rosales Salgado
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (CMCiB-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordina Loubat-Casanovas
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (CMCiB-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sara Capdevila Larripa
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (CMCiB-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Julia Garcia Prado
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (CMCiB-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (CMCiB-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Cebollada Rica
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, Amer, 17170 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Antibody dependent disease enhancement (ADE) after COVID-19 vaccination and beta glucans as a safer strategy in management. Vaccine 2023; 41:2427-2429. [PMID: 36906407 PMCID: PMC9992059 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A potential risk associated with vaccines for COVID-19 is antibody-dependent disease enhancement (ADE) in which vaccine induced antibody mediated immune responses may lead to enhanced SARS CoV- 2 acquisition or increased disease severity. Though ADE has not been clinically demonstrated with any of the COVID-19 vaccines so far, when neutralizing antibodies are suboptimal, the severity of COVID-19 has been reported to greater. ADE is presumed to occur via abnormal macrophages induced by the vaccine based immune response by antibody-mediated virus uptake into Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) or by the formation of Fc-mediated excessive antibody effector functions. Beta-glucans which are naturally occurring polysaccharides known for unique immunomodulation by capability to interact with macrophages, eliciting a specific beneficial immune-response and enhancing all arms of the immune system, importantly without over-activation are suggested as safer nutritional supplement-based vaccine adjuvants for COVID-19.
Collapse
|
78
|
Li S, Chen Y. Epitopes screening and vaccine molecular design of SADS-CoV based on immunoinformatics. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1080927. [PMID: 36937700 PMCID: PMC10017982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1080927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regional outbreak of the Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) has seriously threatened the swine industry. There is an urgent need to discover safe and effective vaccines to contain them quickly. The coronavirus spike protein mediates virus entry into host cells, one of the most important antigenic determinants and a potential vaccine target. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a predictive analysis of the epitope of S protein B cells and T cells (MHC class I and class II) by immunoinformatics methods by screening and identifying protective antigenic epitopes that induce major neutralized antibodies and activate immune responses to construct epitope vaccines. The study explored primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, disulfide bonds, protein docking, immune response simulation, and seamless cloning of epitope vaccines. The results show that the spike protein dominant epitope of the screening has a high conservativeness and coverage of IFN-γ, IL-4-positive Th epitope, and CTL epitope. The constructed epitope vaccine interacts stably with TLR-3 receptors, and the immune response simulation shows good immunogenicity, which could effectively activate humoral and cellular immunity. After codon optimization, it was highly likely to be efficiently and stably expressed in the Escherichia coli K12 expression system. Therefore, the constructed epitope vaccine will provide a new theoretical basis for the design of SADS-CoV antiviral drugs and related research on coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Li L, Hao J, Jiang Y, Hao P, Gao Y, Chen J, Zhang G, Jin N, Wang M, Li C. A micro-sized vaccine based on recombinant Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fights against SARS-CoV-2 infection via intranasal immunization. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:S2211-3835(23)00005-9. [PMID: 36852097 PMCID: PMC9946889 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has globally spread to burden the medical system. Even with a massive vaccination, a mucosal vaccine offering more comprehensive and convenient protection is imminent. Here, a micro-sized vaccine based on recombinant Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (rLP) displaying spike or receptor-binding domain (RBD) was characterized as microparticles, and its safety and protective effects against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated. We found a 66.7% mortality reduction and 100% protection with rLP against SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model. The histological analysis showed decreased hemorrhage symptoms and increased leukocyte infiltration in the lung. Especially, rLP:RBD significantly decreased pulmonary viral loads. For the first time, our study provides a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-vectored vaccine to prevent COVID-19 progress and transmission via intranasal vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Jiayi Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Maopeng Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
de Almeida Oliveira A, Praia Borges Freire D, Rodrigues de Andrade A, de Miranda Marques A, da Silva Madeira L, Moreno Senna JP, Freitas Brasileiro da Silveira IA, de Castro Fialho B. The Landscape of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies (nAbs) for Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19. J Pharm Innov 2023; 18:1-19. [PMID: 36843665 PMCID: PMC9943047 DOI: 10.1007/s12247-023-09713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose After nearly 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, even though a vast body of knowledge and products (including vaccines and treatments) have been developed and disseminated, the virus is still evolving and new variants arising. Consequently, thousands of lives continue to be lost. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) are promising drugs that emerged to treat SARS-CoV-2. In the uncertainty of the current situation, there is the question of whether organizations should continue to invest in this technology. To help decision-making in scientifical and pharmaceutical organizations, it is of major importance to monitor the development of products and technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study is analyze the landscape of nAbs for COVID-19. Methods The scenario of 473 biotherapeutics focusing on nAbs was evaluated using foresight techniques and a review of literature. Data were obtained from structured and semi-structured databases and processed for treatment, cleaning, consistency, validation, and enrichment. Results We identified 227 nAbs and performed an extensive literature review of 16 nAbs in late clinical development, including development technologies, responses to variants of concern (VOCs), manufacturing, and clinical aspects. Conclusions Even though the emergence of new VOCs is a threat to the effectiveness of this treatment, demanding constant genomic surveillance, the use of nAbs to treat and prevent COVID-19 will probably continue to be relevant due to excellent safety profiles and the possibility of immediate immunity transfer, especially in patients showing inadequate immunological response to vaccination. Therefore, we suggest that organizations should keep investing in improvements in this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Almeida Oliveira
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Diana Praia Borges Freire
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Ana Rodrigues de Andrade
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Amanda de Miranda Marques
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Luciana da Silva Madeira
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - José Procópio Moreno Senna
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Ivna Alana Freitas Brasileiro da Silveira
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Castro Fialho
- Immunobiological Technology Institute, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil, 4.365, NAPA, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040‑900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Chen J, Li Y, Liu Z. Functional nucleic acids as potent therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2023; 4:101249. [PMID: 36714073 PMCID: PMC9869493 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a severe threat to human life and the global economy. Although conventional treatments, including vaccines, antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors, have been broadly developed, they usually fall behind the constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2, due to the long screening process and high production cost. Functional nucleic acid (FNA)-based therapeutics are a newly emerging promising means against COVID-19, considering their timely adaption to different mutants and easy design for broad-spectrum virus inhibition. In this review, we survey typical FNA-related therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection, including aptamers, aptamer-integrated DNA frameworks, functional RNA, and CRISPR-Cas technology. We first introduce the pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, then analyze the existing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies, including their pros and cons. Subsequently, the FNAs are recommended as potent alternative therapeutics from their screening process and controllable engineering to effective neutralization. Finally, we put forward the remaining challenges of the existing field and sketch out the future development directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Planas D, Bruel T, Staropoli I, Guivel-Benhassine F, Porrot F, Maes P, Grzelak L, Prot M, Mougari S, Planchais C, Puech J, Saliba M, Sahraoui R, Fémy F, Morel N, Dufloo J, Sanjuán R, Mouquet H, André E, Hocqueloux L, Simon-Loriere E, Veyer D, Prazuck T, Péré H, Schwartz O. Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:824. [PMID: 36788246 PMCID: PMC9926440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 lineages has led to the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6. and BQ.1.1. The subvariant BQ.1.1 became predominant in many countries in December 2022. The subvariants carry an additional and often redundant set of mutations in the spike, likely responsible for increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we established a viral amplification procedure to easily isolate Omicron strains. We examined their sensitivity to 6 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and to 72 sera from Pfizer BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, with or without BA.1/BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infection. Ronapreve (Casirivimab and Imdevimab) and Evusheld (Cilgavimab and Tixagevimab) lose antiviral efficacy against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, whereas Xevudy (Sotrovimab) remaine weakly active. BQ.1.1 is also resistant to Bebtelovimab. Neutralizing titers in triply vaccinated individuals are low to undetectable against BQ.1.1 and BA.2.75.2, 4 months after boosting. A BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection increases these titers, which remains about 18-fold lower against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, than against BA.1. Reciprocally, a BA.5 breakthrough infection increases more efficiently neutralization against BA.5 and BQ.1.1 than against BA.2.75.2. Thus, the evolution trajectory of novel Omicron subvariants facilitates their spread in immunized populations and raises concerns about the efficacy of most available mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Said Mougari
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Julien Puech
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Madelina Saliba
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Riwan Sahraoui
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Florent Fémy
- Service d'accueil des urgences, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Morel
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur Yvette, France
| | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Rafael Sanjuán
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel André
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Frasca L, Ocone G, Palazzo R. Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases, in Patients with Cardiac Issues, and in the Healthy Population. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020233. [PMID: 36839505 PMCID: PMC9964607 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a challenge for the whole world since the beginning of 2020, and COVID-19 vaccines were considered crucial for disease eradication. Instead of producing classic vaccines, some companies pointed to develop products that mainly function by inducing, into the host, the production of the antigenic protein of SARS-CoV-2 called Spike, injecting an instruction based on RNA or a DNA sequence. Here, we aim to give an overview of the safety profile and the actual known adverse effects of these products in relationship with their mechanism of action. We discuss the use and safety of these products in at-risk people, especially those with autoimmune diseases or with previously reported myocarditis, but also in the general population. We debate the real necessity of administering these products with unclear long-term effects to at-risk people with autoimmune conditions, as well as to healthy people, at the time of omicron variants. This, considering the existence of therapeutic interventions, much more clearly assessed at present compared to the past, and the relatively lower aggressive nature of the new viral variants.
Collapse
|
84
|
Monte ER, O'Neill D, Abitorabi KM. A risk assessment study of SARS-CoV-2 propagation in the manufacturing of cellular products. Regen Med 2023; 18:169-180. [PMID: 36453030 PMCID: PMC9724788 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential infection of cellular therapies by SARS-CoV-2 present high risks, as the target patients for these treatments are often immunocompromised or have chronic diseases associated with a higher risk of serious illness and death by COVID-19. The multicellular tropism of this virus presents challenges for the manufacturing of cell therapies, whereby the material could potentially become infected at the source or during cell processing. In this review we assess the risk of a SARS-CoV-2 propagation in cell types used to date in cellular therapies. Altogether, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination of cellular products remains low. This risk should be evaluated on an individual basis, considering ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression, existing literature regarding the susceptibility to infection, and single cell RNA sequencing data of COVID-19 patients. This analysis should ideally be performed for both the cells being manufactured and the cells used to produce the vector to ensure patient safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David O'Neill
- Minaris Regenerative Medicine, LLC. 4 Pearl Ct, Allendale, NJ 07401, USA
| | - Karin M Abitorabi
- Minaris Regenerative Medicine GmbH. Haidgraben 5, Ottobrunn, 85521, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Wu C, Paradis NJ, Lakernick PM, Hryb M. L-shaped distribution of the relative substitution rate (c/μ) observed for SARS-COV-2's genome, inconsistent with the selectionist theory, the neutral theory and the nearly neutral theory but a near-neutral balanced selection theory: Implication on "neutralist-selectionist" debate. Comput Biol Med 2023; 153:106522. [PMID: 36638615 PMCID: PMC9814386 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The genomic substitution rate (GSR) of SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a molecular clock feature and does not change under fluctuating environmental factors such as the infected human population (10°-107), vaccination etc. The molecular clock feature is believed to be inconsistent with the selectionist theory (ST). The GSR shows lack of dependence on the effective population size, suggesting Ohta's nearly neutral theory (ONNT) is not applicable to this virus. Big variation of the substitution rate within its genome is also inconsistent with Kimura's neutral theory (KNT). Thus, all three existing evolution theories fail to explain the evolutionary nature of this virus. In this paper, we proposed a Segment Substitution Rate Model (SSRM) under non-neutral selections and pointed out that a balanced mechanism between negative and positive selection of some segments that could also lead to the molecular clock feature. We named this hybrid mechanism as near-neutral balanced selection theory (NNBST) and examined if it was followed by SARS-CoV-2 using the three independent sets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes selected by the Nextstrain team. Intriguingly, the relative substitution rate of this virus exhibited an L-shaped probability distribution consisting with NNBST rather than Poisson distribution predicted by KNT or an asymmetric distribution predicted by ONNT in which nearly neutral sites are believed to be slightly deleterious only, or the distribution that is lack of nearly neutral sites predicted by ST. The time-dependence of the substitution rates for some segments and their correlation with the vaccination were observed, supporting NNBST. Our relative substitution rate method provides a tool to resolve the long standing "neutralist-selectionist" controversy. Implications of NNBST in resolving Lewontin's Paradox is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA; Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Paradis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Phillip M Lakernick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Mariya Hryb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Loi MV, Wang QY, Lee JH. Fluid management in children with severe dengue: a narrative review. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:49-61. [PMID: 36282485 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne arboviral infection of increasing public health importance. Globally, children account for a significant proportion of infections. No pathogen-specific treatment currently exists, and the current approach to reducing disease burden is focused on preventative strategies such as vector control, epidemiological interventions, and vaccination in selected populations. Once infected, the mainstay of treatment is supportive, of which appropriate fluid management is a cornerstone. The timely provision of fluid boluses has historically been central to the management of septic shock. However, in patients with dengue shock, particular emphasis is placed on judicious fluid administration. Certain colloids such as hydroxyethyl starches and dextran, despite no longer being used routinely in intensive care units due to concerns of acute kidney injury and impairment of coagulation, are still commonly used in dengue shock syndrome. Current guidelines recommend initial crystalloid therapy, with consideration of colloids for severe or recalcitrant shock in patients with dengue. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of septic shock, and consider whether any differences in dengue exist that may warrant a separate approach to fluid therapy. We critically review the available evidence for fluid management in dengue, including the role of colloids. In dengue, there is increasing recognition of the importance of tailoring fluid therapy to phases of disease, with attention to the need for fluid "deresuscitation" once the critical phase of vascular leak passes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervin V Loi
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore -
| | - Qi Y Wang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jan H Lee
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
King SM, Bryan SP, Hilchey SP, Wang J, Zand MS. First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens 2023; 12:169. [PMID: 36839441 PMCID: PMC9967769 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many rigorous studies have shown that early childhood infections leave a lasting imprint on the immune system. The understanding of this phenomenon has expanded significantly since 1960, when Dr. Thomas Francis Jr first coined the term "original antigenic sin", to account for all previous pathogen exposures, rather than only the first. Now more commonly referred to as "immune imprinting", this effect most often focuses on how memory B-cell responses are shaped by prior antigen exposure, and the resultant antibodies produced after subsequent exposure to antigenically similar pathogens. Although imprinting was originally observed within the context of influenza viral infection, it has since been applied to the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. To fully comprehend how imprinting affects the evolution of antibody responses, it is necessary to compare responses elicited by pathogenic strains that are both antigenically similar and dissimilar to strains encountered previously. To accomplish this, we must be able to measure the antigenic distance between strains, which can be easily accomplished using data from multidimensional immunological assays. The knowledge of imprinting, combined with antigenic distance measures, may allow for improvements in vaccine design and development for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. King
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shane P. Bryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shannon P. Hilchey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jiong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Martin S. Zand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Abebe EC, Dejenie TA. Protective roles and protective mechanisms of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential clinical implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1055457. [PMID: 36742320 PMCID: PMC9892939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1055457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are central players in the humoral immunity that defends the body from SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking viral entry into host cells and neutralizing their biological effects. Even though NAbs primarily work by neutralizing viral antigens, on some occasions, they may also combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus escaping neutralization by employing several effector mechanisms in collaboration with immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes. Besides their prophylactic and therapeutic roles, antibodies can be used for COVID-19 diagnosis, severity evaluation, and prognosis assessment in clinical practice. Furthermore, the measurement of NAbs could have key implications in determining individual or herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, vaccine effectiveness, and duration of the humoral protective response, as well as aiding in the selection of suitable individuals who can donate convalescent plasma to treat infected people. Despite all these clinical applications of NAbs, using them in clinical settings can present some challenges. This review discusses the protective functions, possible protective mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2, and potential clinical applications of NAbs in COVID-19. This article also highlights the possible challenges and solutions associated with COVID-19 antibody-based prophylaxis, therapy, and vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Dean AQ, Stauft CB, Twomey JD, Tan J, Varani L, Wang TT, Zhang B. Comparative Assessment of the Binding and Neutralisation Activity of Bispecific Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Antib Ther 2023; 6:49-58. [PMID: 36683765 PMCID: PMC9847335 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are a vital component in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic, having the potential of both therapeutic and prophylactic applications. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 are particularly promising, given their ability to bind simultaneously to two distinct sites of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein. Such antibodies are complex molecules associated with multi-faceted mechanisms of action that require appropriate bioassays to ensure product quality and manufacturing consistency. Methods We developed procedures for biolayer interferometry (BLI) and a cell-based virus neutralisation assay, the focus reduction neutralisation test (FRNT). Using both assays, we tested a panel of five BsAbs against different spike variants (Ancestral, Delta and Omicron) to evaluate the use of these analytical methods in assessing binding and neutralisation activities of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. Results We found comparable trends between BLI-derived binding affinity and FRNT-based virus neutralisation activity. Antibodies that displayed high binding affinity against a variant were often followed by potent neutralisation at lower concentrations, whereas those with low binding affinity also demonstrated reduced neutralisation activity. Conclusion The results support the utility of BLI and FRNT assays in measuring variant-specific binding and virus neutralisation activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Q Dean
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Charles B Stauft
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, MD 20993, USA
| | - Julianne D Twomey
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Joshua Tan
- Antibody Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Switzerland, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tony T Wang
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, MD 20993, USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Li H, Huang QZ, Zhang H, Liu ZX, Chen XH, Ye LL, Luo Y. The land-scape of immune response to monkeypox virus. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104424. [PMID: 36584594 PMCID: PMC9797195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monkeypox is a viral zoonotic smallpox-like disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and has become the greatest public health threat in the genus Orthopoxvirus after smallpox was eradicated. The host immune response to MPXV plays an essential role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. MPXV infection leads to skin lesions with the genital area as the main feature in the current outbreak and triggers a strong immune response that results in sepsis, deep tissue abscess, severe respiratory disease, and injuries to multiple immune organs. Emerging evidence shows that the immunopathogenesis of MPXV infection is closely associated with impaired NK-cell function, lymphopenia, immune evasion, increased antibodies, increased blood monocytes and granulocytes, cytokine storm, inhibition of the host complement system, and antibody-dependent enhancement. In this overview, we discuss the immunopathology and immunopathogenesis of monkeypox to aid the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies against monkeypox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Qi-Zhao Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Liu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Li-Lin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China,Corresponding author: Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Yang Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China,Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, PR China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 402260, PR China,Corresponding author: College of Life Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Li J, Zhang Z, Gu J, Amini R, Mansfield AG, Xia J, White D, Stacey HD, Ang JC, Panesar G, Capretta A, Filipe CDM, Mossman K, Salena BJ, Gubbay JB, Balion C, Soleymani L, Miller MS, Yamamura D, Brennan JD, Li Y. Three on Three: Universal and High-Affinity Molecular Recognition of the Symmetric Homotrimeric Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 with a Symmetric Homotrimeric Aptamer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23465-23473. [PMID: 36520671 PMCID: PMC9762500 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our previously discovered monomeric aptamer for SARS-CoV-2 (MSA52) possesses a universal affinity for COVID-19 spike protein variants but is ultimately limited by its ability to bind only one subunit of the spike protein. The symmetrical shape of the homotrimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein presents the opportunity to create a matching homotrimeric molecular recognition element that is perfectly complementary to its structural scaffold, causing enhanced binding affinity. Here, we describe a branched homotrimeric aptamer with three-fold rotational symmetry, named TMSA52, that not only possesses excellent binding affinity but is also capable of binding several SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants with picomolar affinity, as well as pseudotyped lentiviruses expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants with femtomolar affinity. Using Pd-Ir nanocubes as nanozymes in an enzyme-linked aptamer binding assay (ELABA), TMSA52 was capable of sensitively detecting diverse pseudotyped lentiviruses in pooled human saliva with a limit of detection as low as 6.3 × 103 copies/mL. The ELABA was also used to test 50 SARS-CoV-2-positive and 60 SARS-CoV-2-negative patient saliva samples, providing sensitivity and specificity values of 84.0 and 98.3%, respectively, thus highlighting the potential of TMSA52 for the development of future rapid tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxing Li
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ryan Amini
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexandria G. Mansfield
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jianrun Xia
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Dawn White
- Biointerfaces
Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4O3, Canada
| | - Hannah D. Stacey
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael
G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster
Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jann C. Ang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael
G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster
Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Panesar
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alfredo Capretta
- Biointerfaces
Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4O3, Canada
- Michael
G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Carlos D. M. Filipe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- McMaster
Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Bruno J. Salena
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Cynthia Balion
- Department
of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster
University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Michael
G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department
of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matthew S. Miller
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael
G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- McMaster
Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Deborah Yamamura
- Michael
G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster
University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces
Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4O3, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Biointerfaces
Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4O3, Canada
- Michael
G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Bruel T, Stéfic K, Nguyen Y, Toniutti D, Staropoli I, Porrot F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Bolland WH, Planas D, Hadjadj J, Handala L, Planchais C, Prot M, Simon-Lorière E, André E, Baele G, Cuypers L, Mouthon L, Mouquet H, Buchrieser J, Sève A, Prazuck T, Maes P, Terrier B, Hocqueloux L, Schwartz O. Longitudinal analysis of serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100850. [PMID: 36450283 PMCID: PMC9706550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Omicron sublineages impacts the therapeutic efficacy of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we evaluate neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of 6 therapeutic mAbs against Delta, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5. The Omicron subvariants escape most antibodies but remain sensitive to bebtelovimab and cilgavimab. Consistent with their shared spike sequence, BA.4 and BA.5 display identical neutralization profiles. Sotrovimab is the most efficient at eliciting ADCC. We also analyze 121 sera from 40 immunocompromised individuals up to 6 months after infusion of Ronapreve (imdevimab + casirivimab) or Evusheld (cilgavimab + tixagevimab). Sera from Ronapreve-treated individuals do not neutralize Omicron subvariants. Evusheld-treated individuals neutralize BA.2 and BA.5, but titers are reduced. A longitudinal evaluation of sera from Evusheld-treated patients reveals a slow decay of mAb levels and neutralization, which is faster against BA.5. Our data shed light on antiviral activities of therapeutic mAbs and the duration of effectiveness of Evusheld pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Karl Stéfic
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, National Reference Center for HIV-Associated Laboratory, Tours, France
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Donatella Toniutti
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - William-Henry Bolland
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, École doctorale BioSPC 562, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Hadjadj
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Handala
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, National Reference Center for HIV-Associated Laboratory, Tours, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel André
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lize Cuypers
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Sève
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Cognasse F, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Rosa M, Corseaux D, Bonneaudeau B, Pierre C, Huet J, Arthaud CA, Eyraud MA, Prier A, Duchez AC, Ebermeyer T, Heestermans M, Audoux-Caire E, Philippot Q, Le Voyer T, Hequet O, Fillet AM, Chavarin P, Legrand D, Richard P, Pirenne F, Gallian P, Casanova JL, Susen S, Morel P, Lacombe K, Bastard P, Tiberghien P. Inflammatory markers and auto-Abs to type I IFNs in COVID-19 convalescent plasma cohort study. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104414. [PMID: 36535107 PMCID: PMC9758484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) contains neutralising anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that may be useful as COVID-19 passive immunotherapy in patients at risk of developing severe disease. Such plasma from convalescent patients may also have additional immune-modulatory properties when transfused to COVID-19 patients. METHODS CCP (n = 766) was compared to non-convalescent control plasma (n = 166) for soluble inflammatory markers, ex-vivo inflammatory bioactivity on endothelial cells, neutralising auto-Abs to type I IFNs and reported adverse events in the recipients. FINDINGS CCP exhibited a statistically significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (0.531 ± 0.04 vs 0.271 ± 0.04; (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07371-0.4446; p = 0.0061) and 0.900 ± 0.07 vs 0.283 ± 0.07 pg/mL; (95% [CI], 0.3097-0.9202; p = 0.0000829) and lower IL-10 (0.731 ± 0.07 vs 1.22 ± 0.19 pg/mL; (95% [CI], -0.8180 to -0.1633; p = 0.0034) levels than control plasma. Neutralising auto-Abs against type I IFNs were detected in 14/766 (1.8%) CCPs and were not associated with reported adverse events when transfused. Inflammatory markers and bioactivity in CCP with or without auto-Abs, or in CCP whether or not linked to adverse events in transfused patients, did not differ to a statistically significant extent. INTERPRETATION Overall, CCP exhibited moderately increased inflammatory markers compared to the control plasma with no discernible differences in ex-vivo bioactivity. Auto-Abs to type I IFNs detected in a small fraction of CCP were not associated with reported adverse events or differences in inflammatory markers. Additional studies, including careful clinical evaluation of patients treated with CCP, are required in order to further define the clinical relevance of these findings. FUNDING French National Blood Service-EFS, the Association "Les Amis de Rémi" Savigneux, France, the "Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Medical Research Foundation)-REACTing 2020".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France,Corresponding author. Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, INSERM U1059, Campus Santé Innovation - 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Mickael Rosa
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre), Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, U1019 - Unité Mixte de Recherche 9017 (Mixed Research Unit 9017) – Lille Centre for Infection and Immunity, France
| | - Delphine Corseaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre), Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, U1019 - Unité Mixte de Recherche 9017 (Mixed Research Unit 9017) – Lille Centre for Infection and Immunity, France
| | | | - Chloe Pierre
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France
| | - Julie Huet
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France
| | - Charles Antoine Arthaud
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marie Ange Eyraud
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Amélie Prier
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Anne Claire Duchez
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Theo Ebermeyer
- Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marco Heestermans
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux-Caire
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France,Univ Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hequet
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - Patricia Chavarin
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Dominique Legrand
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - France Pirenne
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (Mondor Biomedical Research Institute) (IMRB), Creteil, France & Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France,UMR “Unité des Virus Emergents” (Emerging Virus Unit), Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - INSERM 1207 - IRBA - EFS - IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Susen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre), Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, U1019 - Unité Mixte de Recherche 9017 (Mixed Research Unit 9017) – Lille Centre for Infection and Immunity, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Sorbonne University, Inserm IPLESP, Infectious Diseases Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP (University Hospital Trust), Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163 (National Institute for Health and Medical Research), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine, St Denis, France,UMR RIGHT U1098, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Chavda VP, Soni S, Vora LK, Soni S, Khadela A, Ajabiya J. mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2150. [PMID: 36560560 PMCID: PMC9785933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into the public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used to combat COVID-19 is assisting in the creation of treatments and vaccines to treat existing illnesses and may avert pandemics in the future. Exploiting the capacity of mRNA to create therapeutic proteins to impede or treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, is the main goal of the quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field of biomedicine. In this review, we explore the potential of mRNA as a vaccine and therapeutic using current research findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Massachussets College of Pharmacy and Health Science, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Ajabiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis and Quality Assurance, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Torchia JA, Tavares AH, Carstensen LS, Chen DY, Huang J, Xiao T, Mukherjee S, Reeves PM, Tu H, Sluder AE, Chen B, Kotton DN, Bowen RA, Saeed M, Poznansky MC, Freeman GJ. Optimized ACE2 decoys neutralize antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants through functional receptor mimicry and treat infection in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6527. [PMID: 36475798 PMCID: PMC9728973 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolves to escape natural antibodies, it also loses sensitivity to therapeutic antibody drugs. By contrast, evolution selects for binding to ACE2, the cell-surface receptor required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consistent with this, we find that an ACE2 decoy neutralizes antibody-resistant variants, including Omicron, with no loss in potency. To identify design features necessary for in vivo activity, we compare several enzymatically inactive, Fc effector-silenced ACE2-Fc decoys. Inclusion of the ACE2 collectrin-like domain not only improves affinity for the S protein but also unexpectedly extends serum half-life and is necessary to reduce disease severity and viral titer in Syrian hamsters. Fc effector function is not required. The activity of ACE2 decoy receptors is due, in part, to their ability to trigger an irreversible structural change in the viral S protein. Our studies provide a new understanding of how ACE2 decoys function and support their development as therapeutics to treat ACE2-dependent coronaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Torchia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander H. Tavares
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Laura S. Carstensen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Da-Yuan Chen
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessie Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University, Boston Medical Center, and The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tianshu Xiao
- Division of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia Mukherjee
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Patrick M. Reeves
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hua Tu
- LakePharma Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Ann E. Sluder
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bing Chen
- Division of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University, Boston Medical Center, and The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Melo ARDS, de Macêdo LS, Invenção MDCV, de Moura IA, da Gama MATM, de Melo CML, Silva AJD, Batista MVDA, de Freitas AC. Third-Generation Vaccines: Features of Nucleic Acid Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Their Efficiency. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122287. [PMID: 36553554 PMCID: PMC9777941 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene immunization comprises mRNA and DNA vaccines, which stand out due to their simple design, maintenance, and high efficacy. Several studies indicate promising results in preclinical and clinical trials regarding immunization against ebola, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and human papillomavirus (HPV). The efficiency of nucleic acid vaccines has been highlighted in the fight against COVID-19 with unprecedented approval of their use in humans. However, their low intrinsic immunogenicity points to the need to use strategies capable of overcoming this characteristic and increasing the efficiency of vaccine campaigns. These strategies include the improvement of the epitopes' presentation to the system via MHC, the evaluation of immunodominant epitopes with high coverage against emerging viral subtypes, the use of adjuvants that enhance immunogenicity, and the increase in the efficiency of vaccine transfection. In this review, we provide updates regarding some characteristics, construction, and improvement of such vaccines, especially about the production of synthetic multi-epitope genes, widely employed in the current gene-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanne Rayssa da Silva Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva de Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição Viana Invenção
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Andrêssa de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Turiah Machado da Gama
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo
- Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, and Keizo Asami Imunophatology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-8199-6067-671
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Zolfaghari MA, Ghadiri Moghaddam F, Rajput S, Karimi A, Naghi Vishteh M, Mahmoodpoor A, Dolati S, Yousefi M. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A double-edged sword throughout rapid evolution of COVID-19. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2009-2017. [PMID: 36047303 PMCID: PMC9539123 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After more than 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, several questions have remained unanswered that affected our daily lives. Although substantial vaccine development could resist this challenge, emerging new variants in different countries could be considered as potent concerns regarding the adverse effects of reinfection or postvaccination. Precisely, these concerns address some significant and probable outcomes in vaccinated or reinfected models, followed by some virus challenges, such as antibody-dependent enhancement and cytokine storm. Therefore, the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited by vaccination and the rise of new variants must be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zolfaghari
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Shabnam Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Biotechnology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohadeseh Naghi Vishteh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of AnesthesiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research InstituteTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Pongpitakmetha T, Hemachudha P, Rattanawong W, Thanapornsangsuth P, Viswanathan A, Hemachudha T. COVID-19 related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with extremely high interleukin-6 and RANBP2 mutation in a patient with recently immunized inactivated virus vaccine and no pulmonary involvement. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:640. [PMID: 35870896 PMCID: PMC9308110 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report the first case of COVID-19 associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) without pulmonary disease in a patient with an extremely high interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and Ran Binding Protein 2 (RANBP2) mutation. Case presentation A 29-year-old woman recently immunized with inactivated viral vaccine—BBIBP32-CorV (Sinopharm) presented with alteration of consciousness. Her body temperature was 37° Celsius, blood pressure 42/31 mmHg, heart rate 130 bpm, respiratory rate 20 per minute, and oxygen saturation 98%. Respiratory examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination revealed stupor but preserved brainstem reflexes. Non-contrast computerized tomography of the brain showed symmetrical hypodense lesions involving bilateral thalami and cerebellar hemispheres characteristic of ANE. No pulmonary infiltration was found on chest radiograph. SARS-CoV-2 was detected by PCR; whole genome sequencing later confirmed the Delta variant. RANBP2 gene analysis revealed heterozygous Thr585Met mutation. Serum IL-6 was 7390 pg/mL. Urine examination showed pyelonephritis. Her clinical course was complicated by seizure, septic shock, acute kidney injury, and acute hepatic failure. She later developed coma and passed away in 6 days. Conclusions ANE is caused by cytokine storm leading to necrosis and hemorrhage of the brain. IL-6 was deemed as a prognostic factor and a potential treatment target of ANE in previous studies. RANBP2 missense mutation strongly predisposes this condition by affecting mitochondrial function, viral entry, cytokine signaling, immune response, and blood–brain barrier maintenance. Also, inactivated vaccine has been reported to precipitate massive production of cytokines by antibody dependent enhancement (ADE). The true incidence of COVID-19 associated ANE is not known as were the predictors of its development. We proposed these potential two factors (RANBP2 mutation and ADE) that could participate in the pathogenesis of ANE in COVID-19 apart from SARS-CoV2 infection by itself. Further study is needed to confirm this hypothesis, specifically in the post-vaccination period. Role of RANBP2 mutation and its application in COVID-19 and ANE should be further elaborated.
Collapse
|
99
|
SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes: balancing acts of antibodies and inflammasomes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:250. [PMID: 35871170 PMCID: PMC9308028 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
100
|
Thomas S, Smatti MK, Ouhtit A, Cyprian FS, Almaslamani MA, Thani AA, Yassine HM. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) and the role of complement system in disease pathogenesis. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:172-182. [PMID: 36371813 PMCID: PMC9647202 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been associated with severe disease outcomes in several viral infections, including respiratory infections. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that antibody-response to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV could exacerbate infection via ADE. Recently in SARS CoV-2, the in vitro studies and structural analysis shows a risk of disease severity via ADE. This phenomenon is partially attributed to non-neutralizing antibodies or antibodies at sub-neutralizing levels. These antibodies result in antigen-antibody complexes' deposition and propagation of a chronic inflammatory process that destroys affected tissues. Further, antigen-antibody complexes may enhance the internalization of the virus into cells through the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) and lead to further virus replication. Thus, ADE occur via two mechanisms; 1. Antibody mediated replication and 2. Enhanced immune activation. Antibody-mediated effector functions are mainly driven by complement activation, and the first complement in the cascade is complement 1q (C1q) which binds to the virus-antibody complex. Reports say that deficiency in circulating plasma levels of C1q, an independent predictor of mortality in high-risk patients, including diabetes, is associated with severe viral infections. Complement mediated ADE is reported in several viral infections such as dengue, West Nile virus, measles, RSV, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Ebola virus. This review discusses ADE in viral infections and the in vitro evidence of ADE in coronaviruses. We outline the mechanisms of ADE, emphasizing the role of complements, especially C1q in the outcome of the enhanced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Thomas
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Qatar; Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar.
| | | | - Allal Ouhtit
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar.
| | - Farhan S Cyprian
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine-QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar.
| | | | - Asmaa Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|