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Takashima E, Tachibana M, Morita M, Nagaoka H, Kanoi BN, Tsuboi T. Identification of Novel Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:805482. [PMID: 34917521 PMCID: PMC8670312 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.805482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Control measures have significantly reduced malaria morbidity and mortality in the last two decades; however, the downward trends have stalled and have become complicated by the emergence of COVID-19. Significant efforts have been made to develop malaria vaccines, but currently only the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum has been recommended by the WHO, for widespread use among children in sub-Saharan Africa. The efficacy of RTS,S/AS01 is modest, and therefore the development of more efficacious vaccines is still needed. In addition, the development of transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) to reduce the parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes is required toward the goal of malaria elimination. Few TBVs have reached clinical development, and challenges include low immunogenicity or high reactogenicity in humans. Therefore, novel approaches to accelerate TBV research and development are urgently needed, especially novel TBV candidate discovery. In this mini review we summarize the progress in TBV research and development, novel TBV candidate discovery, and discuss how to accelerate novel TBV candidate discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Bernard N Kanoi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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Tachibana M, Takashima E, Morita M, Sattabongkot J, Ishino T, Culleton R, Torii M, Tsuboi T. Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccines: Progress, challenges and innovation. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102525. [PMID: 34896614 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Existing control measures have significantly reduced malaria morbidity and mortality in the last two decades, although these reductions are now stalling. Significant efforts have been undertaken to develop malaria vaccines. Recently, extensive progress in malaria vaccine development has been made for Plasmodium falciparum. To date, only the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine has been tested in Phase 3 clinical trials and is now under implementation, despite modest efficacy. Therefore, the development of a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV) will be essential for malaria elimination. Only a limited number of TBVs have reached pre-clinical or clinical development with several major challenges impeding their development, including low immunogenicity in humans. TBV development efforts against P. vivax, the second major cause of malaria morbidity, lag far behind those for P. falciparum. In this review we summarize the latest progress, challenges and innovations in P. vivax TBV research and discuss how to accelerate its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Richard Culleton
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Motomi Torii
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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Champagne C, Gerhards M, Lana J, García Espinosa B, Bradley C, González O, Cohen JM, Le Menach A, White MT, Pothin E. Using observed incidence to calibrate the transmission level of a mathematical model for Plasmodium vivax dynamics including case management and importation. Math Biosci 2021; 343:108750. [PMID: 34883106 PMCID: PMC8786669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2021.108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a simple and flexible model for Plasmodium vivax dynamics which can be easily combined with routinely collected data on local and imported case counts to quantify transmission intensity and simulate control strategies. This model extends the model from White et al. (2016) by including case management interventions targeting liver-stage or blood-stage parasites, as well as imported infections. The endemic steady state of the model is used to derive a relationship between the observed incidence and the transmission rate in order to calculate reproduction numbers and simulate intervention scenarios. To illustrate its potential applications, the model is used to calculate local reproduction numbers in Panama and identify areas of sustained malaria transmission that should be targeted by control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Champagne
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, Basel, CH-4001, Switzerland.
| | - Maximilian Gerhards
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, Basel, CH-4001, Switzerland
| | - Justin Lana
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, 02127, MA, USA
| | | | - Christina Bradley
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, 02127, MA, USA
| | - Oscar González
- Ministerio de Salud de Panama, Calle culebra, Edificio 265 del Ministerio de Salud, Corregimiento de Ancón, Panama
| | - Justin M Cohen
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, 02127, MA, USA
| | - Arnaud Le Menach
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, 02127, MA, USA
| | - Michael T White
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, G5 Épidémiologie et Analyse des Maladies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Globale, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Emilie Pothin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, Basel, CH-4001, Switzerland; Clinton Health Access Initiative, 383 Dorchester Ave, Suite 400, Boston, 02127, MA, USA
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Pelleau S, Woudenberg T, Rosado J, Donnadieu F, Garcia L, Obadia T, Gardais S, Elgharbawy Y, Velay A, Gonzalez M, Nizou JY, Khelil N, Zannis K, Cockram C, Merkling SH, Meola A, Kerneis S, Terrier B, de Seze J, Planas D, Schwartz O, Dejardin F, Petres S, von Platen C, Pellerin SF, Arowas L, de Facci LP, Duffy D, Cheallaigh CN, Dunne J, Conlon N, Townsend L, Duong V, Auerswald H, Pinaud L, Tondeur L, Backovic M, Hoen B, Fontanet A, Mueller I, Fafi-Kremer S, Bruel T, White M. Kinetics of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response and Serological Estimation of Time Since Infection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1489-1499. [PMID: 34282461 PMCID: PMC8420633 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a complex antibody response that varies by orders of magnitude between individuals and over time. METHODS We developed a multiplex serological test for measuring antibodies to 5 SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the spike proteins of seasonal coronaviruses. We measured antibody responses in cohorts of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers followed for up to 11 months after symptoms. A mathematical model of antibody kinetics was used to quantify the duration of antibody responses. Antibody response data were used to train algorithms for estimating time since infection. RESULTS One year after symptoms, we estimate that 36% (95% range, 11%-94%) of anti-Spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) remains, 31% (95% range, 9%-89%) anti-RBD IgG remains, and 7% (1%-31%) of anti-nucleocapsid IgG remains. The multiplex assay classified previous infections into time intervals of 0-3 months, 3-6 months, and 6-12 months. This method was validated using data from a seroprevalence survey in France, demonstrating that historical SARS-CoV-2 transmission can be reconstructed using samples from a single survey. CONCLUSIONS In addition to diagnosing previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, multiplex serological assays can estimate the time since infection, which can be used to reconstruct past epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pelleau
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Tom Woudenberg
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jason Rosado
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Donnadieu
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Garcia
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Soazic Gardais
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Elgharbawy
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Velay
- Centres Hospitaliers et Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Immuno-Rhumathologie moléculaire Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Centres Hospitaliers et Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Pathologies Professionnelles, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte Cockram
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Hélène Merkling
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology and French National Center for Scientific Research Unité Mixte de Recherche 2000, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Meola
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology and French National Center for Scientific Research Unité Mixte de Recherche 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Solen Kerneis
- Equipe de Prévention du Risque Infectieux, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution, Paris, France
- Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre, Université de Paris, Paris,France
- Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Inserm U970, Paris, France
| | - Jerome de Seze
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Inserm CIC-1434, Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - François Dejardin
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Petres
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Arowas
- Investigation Clinique et Accès aux Ressources Biologiques, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Louise Perrin de Facci
- Investigation Clinique et Accès aux Ressources Biologiques, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Jean Dunne
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Liam Townsend
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh,Cambodia
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh,Cambodia
| | - Laurie Pinaud
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marija Backovic
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology and French National Center for Scientific Research Unité Mixte de Recherche 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Direction de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche Translationelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Centres Hospitaliers et Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Immuno-Rhumathologie moléculaire Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Michael White
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Tayipto Y, Liu Z, Mueller I, Longley RJ. Serology for Plasmodium vivax surveillance: A novel approach to accelerate towards elimination. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102492. [PMID: 34728377 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread causative agent of human malaria in the world. Despite the ongoing implementation of malaria control programs, the rate of case reduction has declined over the last 5 years. Hence, surveillance of malaria transmission should be in place to identify and monitor areas that require intensified malaria control interventions. Serological tools may offer additional insights into transmission intensity over parasite and entomological measures, especially as transmission levels decline. Antibodies can be detected in the host system for months to even years after parasite infections have been cleared from the blood, enabling malaria exposure history to be captured. Because the Plasmodium parasite expresses more than 5000 proteins, it is important to a) understand antibody longevity following infection and b) measure antibodies to more than one antigen in order to accurately inform on the exposure and/or immune status of populations. This review summarises current practices for surveillance of P. vivax malaria, the current state of research into serological exposure markers and their potential role for accelerating malaria elimination, and discusses further studies that need to be undertaken to see such technology implemented in malaria-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanie Tayipto
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe Liu
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhea J Longley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Mazhari R, Ruybal-Pesántez S, Angrisano F, Kiernan-Walker N, Hyslop S, Longley RJ, Bourke C, Chen C, Williamson DA, Robinson LJ, Mueller I, Eriksson EM. SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen Serology Assay. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4040072. [PMID: 34698238 PMCID: PMC8544427 DOI: 10.3390/mps4040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serology tests are extremely useful for assessing whether a person has been infected with a pathogen. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies has been considered an essential tool in identifying seropositive individuals and thereby understanding the extent of transmission in communities. The Luminex system is a bead-based technology that has the capacity to assess multiple antigens simultaneously using very low sample volumes and is ideal for high-throughput studies. We have adapted this technology to develop a COVID-19 multi-antigen serological assay. This protocol described here carefully outlines recommended steps to optimize and establish this method for COVID-19-specific antibody measurement in plasma and in saliva. However, the protocol can easily be customized and thus the assay is broadly applicable to measure antibodies to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mazhari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Tropical Public Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Fiona Angrisano
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Tropical Public Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Nicholas Kiernan-Walker
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Hyslop
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rhea J. Longley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Caitlin Bourke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine Chen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Deborah A. Williamson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Public Health Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Leanne J. Robinson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Tropical Public Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Emily M. Eriksson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (R.M.); (S.R.-P.); (N.K.-W.); (S.H.); (R.J.L.); (C.B.); (C.C.); (L.J.R.); (I.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-93452870; Fax: +61-3-93470852
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Grigg MJ, Lubis IN, Tetteh KKA, Barber BE, William T, Rajahram GS, Tan AF, Sutherland CJ, Noviyanti R, Drakeley CJ, Britton S, Anstey NM. Plasmodium knowlesi detection methods for human infections-Diagnosis and surveillance. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2021; 113:77-130. [PMID: 34620386 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Within the overlapping geographical ranges of P. knowlesi monkey hosts and vectors in Southeast Asia, an estimated 1.5 billion people are considered at risk of infection. P. knowlesi can cause severe disease and death, the latter associated with delayed treatment occurring from misdiagnosis. Although microscopy is a sufficiently sensitive first-line tool for P. knowlesi detection for most low-level symptomatic infections, misdiagnosis as other Plasmodium species is common, and the majority of asymptomatic infections remain undetected. Current point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests demonstrate insufficient sensitivity and poor specificity for differentiating P. knowlesi from other Plasmodium species. Molecular tools including nested, real-time, and single-step PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are sensitive for P. knowlesi detection. However, higher cost and inability to provide the timely point-of-care diagnosis needed to guide appropriate clinical management has limited their routine use in most endemic clinical settings. P. knowlesi is likely underdiagnosed across the region, and improved diagnostic and surveillance tools are required. Reference laboratory molecular testing of malaria cases for both zoonotic and non-zoonotic Plasmodium species needs to be more widely implemented by National Malaria Control Programs across Southeast Asia to accurately identify the burden of zoonotic malaria and more precisely monitor the success of human-only malaria elimination programs. The implementation of specific serological tools for P. knowlesi would assist in determining the prevalence and distribution of asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections, the absence of transmission in certain areas, and associations with underlying land use change for future spatially targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Grigg
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Inke N Lubis
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Kevin K A Tetteh
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital 1, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia; Gleneagles Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Giri S Rajahram
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital 1, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia; Queen Elizabeth Hospital 2, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Angelica F Tan
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Colin J Sutherland
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris J Drakeley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumudu Britton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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58
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Abstract
J. Kevin Baird and colleagues, examine and discuss the estimated global burden of vivax malaria and it's biological, clinical, and public health complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Battle
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - J. Kevin Baird
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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59
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Baird JK. Basic Research of Plasmodium vivax Biology Enabling Its Management as a Clinical and Public Health Problem. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:696598. [PMID: 34540716 PMCID: PMC8447957 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.696598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging understanding of Plasmodium vivax as an infection seated in extravascular spaces of its human host carries fundamentally important implications for its management as a complex clinical and public health problem. This progress begins to reverse decades of neglected research borne of the false dogma of P. vivax as an intrinsically benign and inconsequential parasite. This Review provides real world context for the on-going laboratory explorations of the molecular and cellular events in the life of this parasite. Chemotherapies against the latent reservoir impose extraordinarily complex and difficult problems of science and medicine, but great strides in studies of the biology of hepatic P. vivax promise solutions. Fundamental assumptions regarding the interpretation of parasitaemia in epidemiology, clinical medicine, and public health are being revisited and reassessed in light of new studies of P. vivax cellular/molecular biology and pathogenesis. By examining these long overlooked complexities of P. vivax malaria, we open multiple new avenues to vaccination, chemoprevention, countermeasures against transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and clinical management. This Review expresses how clarity of vision of biology and pathogenesis may rationally and radically transform the multiple means by which we may combat this insidiously harmful infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Baird
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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60
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Chotirat S, Nekkab N, Kumpitak C, Hietanen J, White MT, Kiattibutr K, Sa-angchai P, Brewster J, Schoffer K, Takashima E, Tsuboi T, Harbers M, Chitnis CE, Healer J, Tham WH, Nguitragool W, Mueller I, Sattabongkot J, Longley RJ. Application of 23 Novel Serological Markers for Identifying Recent Exposure to Plasmodium vivax Parasites in an Endemic Population of Western Thailand. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643501. [PMID: 34276583 PMCID: PMC8279756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thailand is aiming for malaria elimination by the year 2030. However, the high proportion of asymptomatic infections and the presence of the hidden hypnozoite stage of Plasmodium vivax are impeding these efforts. We hypothesized that a validated surveillance tool utilizing serological markers of recent exposure to P. vivax infection could help to identify areas of ongoing transmission. The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the ability of P. vivax serological exposure markers to detect residual transmission "hot-spots" in Western Thailand. Total IgG levels were measured against a panel of 23 candidate P. vivax serological exposure markers using a multiplexed bead-based assay. A total of 4,255 plasma samples from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012 of endemic areas in the Kanchanaburi and Ratchaburi provinces were assayed. We compared IgG levels with multiple epidemiological factors that are associated with an increased risk of P. vivax infection in Thailand, including age, gender, and spatial location, as well as Plasmodium infection status itself. IgG levels to all proteins were significantly higher in the presence of a P. vivax infection (n = 144) (T-test, p < 0.0001). Overall seropositivity rates varied from 2.5% (PVX_097625, merozoite surface protein 8) to 16.8% (PVX_082670, merozoite surface protein 7), with 43% of individuals seropositive to at least 1 protein. Higher IgG levels were associated with older age (>18 years, p < 0.05) and males (17/23 proteins, p < 0.05), supporting the paradigm that men have a higher risk of infection than females in this setting. We used a Random Forests algorithm to predict which individuals had exposure to P. vivax parasites in the last 9-months, based on their IgG antibody levels to a panel of eight previously validated P. vivax proteins. Spatial clustering was observed at the village and regional level, with a moderate correlation between PCR prevalence and sero-prevalence as predicted by the algorithm. Our data provides proof-of-concept for application of such surrogate markers as evidence of recent exposure in low transmission areas. These data can be used to better identify geographical areas with asymptomatic infection burdens that can be targeted in elimination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadudee Chotirat
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narimane Nekkab
- Malaria Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Chalermpon Kumpitak
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jenni Hietanen
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael T. White
- Malaria Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kirakorn Kiattibutr
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patiwat Sa-angchai
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jessica Brewster
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kael Schoffer
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Matthias Harbers
- CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chetan E. Chitnis
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julie Healer
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Malaria Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rhea J. Longley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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61
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Determining seropositivity-A review of approaches to define population seroprevalence when using multiplex bead assays to assess burden of tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009457. [PMID: 34181665 PMCID: PMC8270565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serological surveys with multiplex bead assays can be used to assess seroprevalence to multiple pathogens simultaneously. However, multiple methods have been used to generate cut-off values for seropositivity and these may lead to inconsistent interpretation of results. A literature review was conducted to describe the methods used to determine cut-off values for data generated by multiplex bead assays. Methodology/Principal findings A search was conducted in PubMed that included articles published from January 2010 to January 2020, and 308 relevant articles were identified that included the terms “serology”, “cut-offs”, and “multiplex bead assays”. After application of exclusion of articles not relevant to neglected tropical diseases (NTD), vaccine preventable diseases (VPD), or malaria, 55 articles were examined based on their relevance to NTD or VPD. The most frequently applied approaches to determine seropositivity included the use of presumed unexposed populations, mixture models, receiver operating curves (ROC), and international standards. Other methods included the use of quantiles, pre-exposed endemic cohorts, and visual inflection points. Conclusions/Significance For disease control programmes, seropositivity is a practical and easily interpretable health metric but determining appropriate cut-offs for positivity can be challenging. Considerations for optimal cut-off approaches should include factors such as methods recommended by previous research, transmission dynamics, and the immunological backgrounds of the population. In the absence of international standards for estimating seropositivity in a population, the use of consistent methods that align with individual disease epidemiological data will improve comparability between settings and enable the assessment of changes over time. Serological surveys can provide information regarding population-level disease exposure by assessing immune responses created during infection. Multiplex bead assays (MBAs) allow for an integrated serological platform to monitor antibody responses to multiple pathogens concurrently. As programs adopt integrated disease control strategies, MBAs are especially advantageous since many of these diseases may be present in the same population and antibodies against all pathogens of interest can be detected simultaneously from a single blood sample. Interpreting serological data in a programmatic context typically involves classifying individuals as seronegative or seropositive using a ‘cut-off’, whereby anyone with a response above the defined threshold is considered to be seropositive. Although studies increasingly test blood samples with MBAs, published studies have applied different methods of determining seropositivity cut-offs, making results difficult to compare across settings and over time. The lack of harmonized methods for defining seropositivity is due to the absence of international standards, pathogen biology, or assay-specific methods that may impact resulting data. This review highlights the need for a standardized approach for which cut-off methods to use per pathogen when applied to integrated disease surveillance using platforms such as MBAs.
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62
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Gimenez AM, Marques RF, Regiart M, Bargieri DY. Diagnostic Methods for Non-Falciparum Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:681063. [PMID: 34222049 PMCID: PMC8248680 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.681063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious public health problem that affects mostly the poorest countries in the world, killing more than 400,000 people per year, mainly children under 5 years old. Among the control and prevention strategies, the differential diagnosis of the Plasmodium-infecting species is an important factor for selecting a treatment and, consequently, for preventing the spread of the disease. One of the main difficulties for the detection of a specific Plasmodium sp is that most of the existing methods for malaria diagnosis focus on detecting P. falciparum. Thus, in many cases, the diagnostic methods neglect the other non-falciparum species and underestimate their prevalence and severity. Traditional methods for diagnosing malaria may present low specificity or sensitivity to non-falciparum spp. Therefore, there is high demand for new alternative methods able to differentiate Plasmodium species in a faster, cheaper and easier manner to execute. This review details the classical procedures and new perspectives of diagnostic methods for malaria non-falciparum differential detection and the possibilities of their application in different circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marina Gimenez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo F. Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matías Regiart
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Youssef Bargieri
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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63
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Hietanen J, Chim-Ong A, Sattabongkot J, Nguitragool W. Naturally induced humoral response against Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 2P1. Malar J 2021; 20:246. [PMID: 34082763 PMCID: PMC8173506 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malaria parasite in many countries. A better understanding of human immunity to this parasite can provide new insights for vaccine development. Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins (RBPs) are key parasite proteins that interact with human proteins during erythrocyte invasion and are targets of the human immune response. The aim of this study is to characterize the human antibody response to RBP2P1, the most recently described member of the RBP family. Methods The levels of total IgG and IgM against RBP2P1 were measured using plasmas from 68 P. vivax malaria patients and 525 villagers in a malarious village of western Thailand. The latter group comprises asymptomatic carriers and healthy uninfected individuals. Subsets of plasma samples were evaluated for anti-RBP2P1 IgG subtypes and complement-fixing activity. Results As age increased, it was found that the level of anti-RBP2P1 IgG increased while the level of IgM decreased. The main anti-RBP2P1 IgG subtypes were IgG1 and IgG3. The IgG3-seropositive rate was higher in asymptomatic carriers than in patients. The higher level of IgG3 was correlated with higher in vitro RBP2P1-mediated complement fixing activity. Conclusions In natural infection, the primary IgG response to RBP2P1 was IgG1 and IgG3. The predominance of these cytophilic subtypes and the elevated level of IgG3 correlating with complement fixing activity, suggest a possible role of anti-RBP2P1 antibodies in immunity against P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Hietanen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anongruk Chim-Ong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand.
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64
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O'Flaherty K, Oo WH, Zaloumis SG, Cutts JC, Aung KZ, Thein MM, Drew DR, Razook Z, Barry AE, Parischa N, Zaw NN, Thu HK, Thi A, Htay WYM, Soe AP, Simpson JA, Beeson JG, Agius PA, Fowkes FJI. Community-based molecular and serological surveillance of subclinical malaria in Myanmar. BMC Med 2021; 19:121. [PMID: 34044836 PMCID: PMC8161608 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), current malaria surveillance strategies rely on a network of village health volunteers (VHVs) reporting the results of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), known to miss many asymptomatic infections. Integration of more sensitive diagnostic molecular and serological measures into the VHV network may improve surveillance of residual malaria transmission in hard-to-reach areas in the region and inform targeted interventions and elimination responses. However, data on residual malaria transmission that would be captured by these measures in the VHV-led testing and treatment surveillance network in the GMS is unknown. METHODS A total of 114 VHVs were trained to collect dried blood spots from villagers undergoing routine RDTs as part of VHV-led active and passive case detection from April 2015 to June 2016. Samples were subjected to molecular testing (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]) to determine Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infection and serological testing (against P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens) to determine exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax. RESULTS Over 15 months, 114 VHVs performed 32,194 RDTs and collected samples for molecular (n = 13,157) and serological (n = 14,128) testing. The prevalence of molecular-detectable P. falciparum and P. vivax infection was 3.2% compared to the 0.16% prevalence of Plasmodium spp. by RDT, highlighting the large burden of infections undetected by standard surveillance. Peaks in anti-P. falciparum, but not P. vivax, merozoite IgG seroprevalence coincided with seasonal P. falciparum transmission peaks, even in those with no molecularly detectable parasites. At the individual level, antibody seropositivity was associated with reduced odds of contemporaneous P. falciparum (OR for PfCSP 0.51 [95%CI 0.35, 0.76], p = 0.001, PfAMA1 0.70 [95%CI 0.52, 0.93], p = 0.01, and PfMSP2 0.81 [95%CI 0.61, 1.08], p = 0.15), but not P. vivax infection (OR PvAMA1 1.02 [95%CI 0.73, 1.43], p = 0.89) indicating a potential role of immunity in protection against molecular-detectable P. falciparum parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that integration and implementation of sample collection for molecular and serological surveillance into networks of VHV servicing hard-to-reach populations in the GMS is feasible, can capture significant levels of ongoing undetected seasonal malaria transmission and has the potential to supplement current routine RDT testing. Improving malaria surveillance by advancing the integration of molecular and serological techniques, through centralised testing approaches or novel point-of-contact tests, will advance progress, and tracking, towards malaria elimination goals in the GMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O'Flaherty
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Win Han Oo
- Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Sophie G Zaloumis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia C Cutts
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Damien R Drew
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zahra Razook
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Alyssa E Barry
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Naanki Parischa
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Aung Thi
- Department of Public Health, Myanmar Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Agius
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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65
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Laboratory Detection of Malaria Antigens: a Strong Tool for Malaria Research, Diagnosis, and Epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0025020. [PMID: 34043447 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00250-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of proteins produced during human infection with Plasmodium spp. have guided the malaria community in research, diagnosis, epidemiology, and other efforts. Recently developed methods for the detection of these proteins (antigens) in the laboratory have provided new types of data that can inform the evaluation of malaria diagnostics, epidemiological investigations, and overall malaria control strategies. Here, the focus is primarily on antigens that are currently known to be detectable in human specimens and on their impact on the understanding of malaria in human populations. We highlight historical and contemporary laboratory assays for malaria antigen detection, the concept of an antigen profile for a biospecimen, and ways in which binary results for a panel of antigens could be interpreted and utilized for different analyses. Particular emphasis is given to the direct comparison of field-level malaria diagnostics and laboratory antigen detection for the development of an external evaluation scheme. The current limitations of laboratory antigen detection are considered, and the future of this developing field is discussed.
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66
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Longley RJ, White MT, Brewster J, Liu ZSJ, Bourke C, Takashima E, Harbers M, Tham WH, Healer J, Chitnis CE, Monteiro W, Lacerda M, Sattabongkot J, Tsuboi T, Mueller I. IgG Antibody Responses Are Preferential Compared With IgM for Use as Serological Markers for Detecting Recent Exposure to Plasmodium vivax Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab228. [PMID: 34159216 PMCID: PMC8214013 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve malaria elimination, new tools are required to explicitly target Plasmodium vivax. Recently, a novel panel of P. vivax proteins were identified and validated as serological markers for detecting recent exposure to P. vivax within the last 9 months. In order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of these markers, immunoglobulin M (IgM) in addition to immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses were compared with a down-selected panel of 20 P. vivax proteins. IgM was tested using archival plasma samples from observational cohort studies conducted in malaria-endemic regions of Thailand and Brazil. IgM responses to these proteins generally had poorer classification performance than IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea J Longley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael T White
- Malaria Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Brewster
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zoe S J Liu
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Caitlin Bourke
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Matthias Harbers
- CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julie Healer
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chetan E Chitnis
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Wuelton Monteiro
- Fundacão de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Instituto Leônicas & Maria Deane (Fiocruz), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Malaria Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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67
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Auburn S, Cheng Q, Marfurt J, Price RN. The changing epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax: Insights from conventional and novel surveillance tools. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003560. [PMID: 33891580 PMCID: PMC8064506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarah Auburn and co-authors discuss the unique biology and epidemiology of P. vivax and current evidence on conventional and new approaches to surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qin Cheng
- Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- The Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Villasis E, Garro K, Rosas-Aguirre A, Rodriguez P, Rosado J, Gave A, Guzman-Guzman M, Manrique P, White M, Speybroeck N, Vinetz JM, Torres K, Gamboa D. PvMSP8 as a Novel Plasmodium vivax Malaria Sero-Marker for the Peruvian Amazon. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030282. [PMID: 33801386 PMCID: PMC7999794 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of recent malaria exposure can support malaria control efforts. This study evaluated serological responses to an in-house Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 8 (PvMSP8) expressed in a Baculovirus system as sero-marker of recent exposure to P. vivax (Pv) in the Peruvian Amazon. In a first evaluation, IgGs against PvMSP8 and PvMSP10 proteins were measured by Luminex in a cohort of 422 Amazonian individuals with known history of Pv exposure (monthly data of infection status by qPCR and/or microscopy over five months). Both serological responses were able to discriminate between exposed and non-exposed individuals in a good manner, with slightly higher performance of anti-PvMSP10 IgGs (area under the curve AUC = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.72–0.83]) than anti-PvMSP8 IgGs (AUC = 0.72 [95% CI = 0.67–0.78]) (p = 0.01). In a second evaluation, the analysis by ELISA of 1251 plasma samples, collected during a population-based cross-sectional survey, confirmed the good performance of anti-PvMSP8 IgGs for discriminating between individuals with Pv infection at the time of survey and/or with antecedent of Pv in the past month (AUC = 0.79 [95% CI = 0.74–0.83]). Anti-PvMSP8 IgG antibodies can be considered as a good biomarker of recent Pv exposure in low-moderate transmission settings of the Peruvian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Villasis
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katherine Garro
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Angel Rosas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Research Institute of Health and Society (IRSS). Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30/B1.30.14 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels 1200, Belgium;
| | - Pamela Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Jason Rosado
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; (J.R.); (M.W.)
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, École Doctorale Pierre Louis - Santé Publique, Campus des Cordeliers, ED 393, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Gave
- Laboratorio de Malaria: Parásitos y Vectores, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Mitchel Guzman-Guzman
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Paulo Manrique
- Leishmania and Malaria Research Unit. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; (J.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Niko Speybroeck
- Research Institute of Health and Society (IRSS). Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30/B1.30.14 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels 1200, Belgium;
| | - Joseph Michael Vinetz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Katherine Torres
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Laboratorio de Malaria: Parásitos y Vectores, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
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Rosado J, Pelleau S, Cockram C, Merkling SH, Nekkab N, Demeret C, Meola A, Kerneis S, Terrier B, Fafi-Kremer S, de Seze J, Bruel T, Dejardin F, Petres S, Longley R, Fontanet A, Backovic M, Mueller I, White MT. Multiplex assays for the identification of serological signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an antibody-based diagnostic and machine learning study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2021; 2:e60-e69. [PMID: 33521709 PMCID: PMC7837364 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces an antibody response targeting multiple antigens that changes over time. This study aims to take advantage of this complexity to develop more accurate serological diagnostics. METHODS A multiplex serological assay was developed to measure IgG and IgM antibody responses to seven SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleoprotein antigens, two antigens for the nucleoproteins of the 229E and NL63 seasonal coronaviruses, and three non-coronavirus antigens. Antibodies were measured in serum samples collected up to 39 days after symptom onset from 215 adults in four French hospitals (53 patients and 162 health-care workers) with quantitative RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and negative control serum samples collected from healthy adult blood donors before the start of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (335 samples from France, Thailand, and Peru). Machine learning classifiers were trained with the multiplex data to classify individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the best classification performance displayed by a random forests algorithm. A Bayesian mathematical model of antibody kinetics informed by prior information from other coronaviruses was used to estimate time-varying antibody responses and assess the sensitivity and classification performance of serological diagnostics during the first year following symptom onset. A statistical estimator is presented that can provide estimates of seroprevalence in very low-transmission settings. FINDINGS IgG antibody responses to trimeric spike protein (Stri) identified individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with 91·6% (95% CI 87·5-94·5) sensitivity and 99·1% (97·4-99·7) specificity. Using a serological signature of IgG and IgM to multiple antigens, it was possible to identify infected individuals with 98·8% (96·5-99·6) sensitivity and 99·3% (97·6-99·8) specificity. Informed by existing data from other coronaviruses, we estimate that 1 year after infection, a monoplex assay with optimal anti-Stri IgG cutoff has 88·7% (95% credible interval 63·4-97·4) sensitivity and that a four-antigen multiplex assay can increase sensitivity to 96·4% (80·9-100·0). When applied to population-level serological surveys, statistical analysis of multiplex data allows estimation of seroprevalence levels less than 2%, below the false-positivity rate of many other assays. INTERPRETATION Serological signatures based on antibody responses to multiple antigens can provide accurate and robust serological classification of individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. This provides potential solutions to two pressing challenges for SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance: classifying individuals who were infected more than 6 months ago and measuring seroprevalence in serological surveys in very low-transmission settings. FUNDING European Research Council. Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. Institut Pasteur Task Force COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Rosado
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- ED 393, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Cockram
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Hélène Merkling
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Narimane Nekkab
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Meola
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology and CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Solen Kerneis
- Epidemiology and Modelling of Bacterial Escape to Antimicrobials Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Equipe Mobile d'Infectiologie, APHP Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre (APHP-CUP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jerome de Seze
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique - INSERM CIC-1434, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - François Dejardin
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Petres
- Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Technological Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Rhea Longley
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marija Backovic
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology and CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael T White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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De SL, Ntumngia FB, Nicholas J, Adams JH. Progress towards the development of a P. vivax vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:97-112. [PMID: 33481638 PMCID: PMC7994195 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1880898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasmodium vivax causes significant public health problems in endemic regions. A vaccine to prevent disease is critical, considering the rapid spread of drug-resistant parasite strains, and the development of hypnozoites in the liver with potential for relapse. A minimally effective vaccine should prevent disease and transmission while an ideal vaccine provides sterile immunity. AREAS COVERED Despite decades of research, the complex life cycle, technical challenges and a lack of funding have hampered progress of P. vivax vaccine development. Here, we review the progress of potential P. vivax vaccine candidates from different stages of the parasite life cycle. We also highlight the challenges and important strategies for rational vaccine design. These factors can significantly increase immune effector mechanisms and improve the protective efficacy of these candidates in clinical trials to generate sustained protection over longer periods of time. EXPERT OPINION A vaccine that presents functionally-conserved epitopes from multiple antigens from various stages of the parasite life cycle is key to induce broadly neutralizing strain-transcending protective immunity to effectively disrupt parasite development and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Lata De
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa – 33612, FL
| | - Francis B. Ntumngia
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa – 33612, FL
| | - Justin Nicholas
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa – 33612, FL
| | - John H. Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa – 33612, FL
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Rosado J, White MT, Longley RJ, Lacerda M, Monteiro W, Brewster J, Sattabongkot J, Guzman-Guzman M, Llanos-Cuentas A, Vinetz JM, Gamboa D, Mueller I. Heterogeneity in response to serological exposure markers of recent Plasmodium vivax infections in contrasting epidemiological contexts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009165. [PMID: 33591976 PMCID: PMC7909627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody responses as serological markers of Plasmodium vivax infection have been shown to correlate with exposure, but little is known about the other factors that affect antibody responses in naturally infected people from endemic settings. To address this question, we studied IgG responses to novel serological exposure markers (SEMs) of P. vivax in three settings with different transmission intensity. METHODOLOGY We validated a panel of 34 SEMs in a Peruvian cohort with up to three years' longitudinal follow-up using a multiplex platform and compared results to data from cohorts in Thailand and Brazil. Linear regression models were used to characterize the association between antibody responses and age, the number of detected blood-stage infections during follow-up, and time since previous infection. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the performance of SEMs to identify P. vivax infections in the previous 9 months. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Antibody titers were associated with age, the number of blood-stage infections, and time since previous P. vivax infection in all three study sites. The association between antibody titers and time since previous P. vivax infection was stronger in the low transmission settings of Thailand and Brazil compared to the higher transmission setting in Peru. Of the SEMs tested, antibody responses to RBP2b had the highest performance for classifying recent exposure in all sites, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.83 in Thailand, AUC = 0.79 in Brazil, and AUC = 0.68 in Peru. CONCLUSIONS In low transmission settings, P. vivax SEMs can accurately identify individuals with recent blood-stage infections. In higher transmission settings, the accuracy of this approach diminishes substantially. We recommend using P. vivax SEMs in low transmission settings pursuing malaria elimination, but they are likely to be less effective in high transmission settings focused on malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Rosado
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, ED 393, Paris, France
| | - Michael T. White
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Rhea J. Longley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane (Fiocruz), Manaus, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Monteiro
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jessica Brewster
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mitchel Guzman-Guzman
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph M. Vinetz
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
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ENDO Y. Development of a cell-free protein synthesis system for practical use. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:261-276. [PMID: 33980755 PMCID: PMC8141837 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cell-free protein synthesis systems had been the major platform to study the mechanism behind translating genetic information into proteins, as proven in the central dogma of molecular biology. Albeit being powerful research tools, most of the in vitro methods at the time failed to produce enough protein for practical use. Tremendous efforts were being made to overcome the limitations of in vitro translation systems, though mostly with limited success. While great knowledge was accumulated on the translation mechanism and ribosome structure, researchers rationalized that it may be impossible to fully reconstitute such a complex molecular process in a test tube. This review will examine how we have solved the difficulties holding back progress. Our newly developed cell-free protein synthesis system is based on wheat embryos and has many excellent characteristics, in addition to its high translation activity and robustness. Combined with other novel elementary technologies, we have established cell-free protein synthesis systems for practical use in research and applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeta ENDO
- Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe-cho, Iyo-gun, Ehime, Japan
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73
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Mazhari R, Brewster J, Fong R, Bourke C, Liu ZSJ, Takashima E, Tsuboi T, Tham WH, Harbers M, Chitnis C, Healer J, Ome-Kaius M, Sattabongkot J, Kazura J, Robinson LJ, King C, Mueller I, Longley RJ. A comparison of non-magnetic and magnetic beads for measuring IgG antibodies against Plasmodium vivax antigens in a multiplexed bead-based assay using Luminex technology (Bio-Plex 200 or MAGPIX). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238010. [PMID: 33275613 PMCID: PMC7717507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed bead-based assays that use Luminex® xMAP® technology have become popular for measuring antibodies against proteins of interest in many fields, including malaria and more recently SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. There are currently two formats that are widely used: non-magnetic beads or magnetic beads. Data are lacking regarding the comparability of results obtained using these two types of beads, and for assays run on different instruments. Whilst non-magnetic beads can only be run on flow-based instruments (such as the Luminex® 100/200™ or Bio-Plex® 200), magnetic beads can be run on both these and the newer MAGPIX® instruments. In this study we utilized a panel of purified recombinant Plasmodium vivax proteins and samples from malaria-endemic areas to measure P. vivax-specific IgG responses using different combinations of beads and instruments. We directly compared: i) non-magnetic versus magnetic beads run on a Bio-Plex® 200, ii) magnetic beads run on the Bio-Plex® 200 versus MAGPIX® and iii) non-magnetic beads run on a Bio-Plex® 200 versus magnetic beads run on the MAGPIX®. We also performed an external comparison of our optimized assay. We observed that IgG antibody responses, measured against our panel of P. vivax proteins, were moderately-strongly correlated in all three of our comparisons (pearson r>0.5 for 18/19 proteins), however higher amounts of protein were required for coupling to magnetic beads. Our external comparison indicated that results generated in different laboratories using the same coupled beads are also highly comparable (pearson r>0.7), particularly if a reference standard curve is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mazhari
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Brewster
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rich Fong
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Bourke
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe S. J. Liu
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Harbers
- CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chetan Chitnis
- Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julie Healer
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Ome-Kaius
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James Kazura
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leanne J. Robinson
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Vector Borne Diseases Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher King
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Parasites & Insect Vectors, Malaria Parasites & Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Rhea J. Longley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sandfort M, Vantaux A, Kim S, Obadia T, Pepey A, Gardais S, Khim N, Lek D, White M, Robinson LJ, Witkowski B, Mueller I. Forest malaria in Cambodia: the occupational and spatial clustering of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection risk in a cross-sectional survey in Mondulkiri province, Cambodia. Malar J 2020; 19:413. [PMID: 33213471 PMCID: PMC7678315 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After a marked reduction in malaria burden in Cambodia over the last decades, case numbers increased again in 2017–2018. In light of the national goal of malaria elimination by 2025, remaining pockets of high risk need to be well defined and strategies well-tailored to identify and target the persisting burden cost-effectively. This study presents species-specific prevalence estimates and risk stratification for a remote area in Cambodia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 villages in the high-incidence province Mondulkiri in the dry season (December 2017 to April 2018). 4200 randomly selected participants (2–80 years old) were tested for Plasmodium infection by PCR. Risk of infection was associated with questionnaire-derived covariates and spatially stratified based on household GPS coordinates. Results The prevalence of PCR-detectable Plasmodium infection was 8.3% (349/4200) and was more than twice as high for Plasmodium vivax (6.4%, 268) than for Plasmodium falciparum (3.0%, 125, p < 0.001). 97.8% (262/268) of P. vivax and 92.8% (116/125, p < 0.05) of P. falciparum infections were neither accompanied by symptoms at the time of the interview nor detected by microscopy or RDT. Recent travels to forest sites (aOR 2.17, p < 0.01) and forest work (aOR 2.88, p < 0.001) were particularly strong risk factors and risk profiles for both species were similar. Large village-level differences in prevalence of Plasmodium infection were observed, ranging from 0.6% outside the forest to 40.4% inside. Residing in villages at the forest fringe or inside the forest compared to outside was associated with risk of infection (aOR 2.14 and 12.47, p < 0.001). Villages inside the forest formed spatial hotspots of infection despite adjustment for the other risk factors. Conclusions Persisting pockets of high malaria risk were detected in forested areas and in sub-populations engaging in forest-related activities. High levels of asymptomatic infections suggest the need of better case detection plans and the predominance of P. vivax the implementation of radical cure. In villages inside the forest, within-village exposure was indicated in addition to risk due to forest activities. Village-level stratification of targeted interventions based on forest proximity could render the elimination efforts more cost-effective and successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Sandfort
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France.
| | - Amélie Vantaux
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saorin Kim
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Pepey
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Soazic Gardais
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nimol Khim
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dysoley Lek
- National Centre for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Population Health & Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leanne J Robinson
- Population Health & Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benoit Witkowski
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Population Health & Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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75
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Wu L, Mwesigwa J, Affara M, Bah M, Correa S, Hall T, Singh SK, Beeson JG, Tetteh KKA, Kleinschmidt I, D’Alessandro U, Drakeley C. Sero-epidemiological evaluation of malaria transmission in The Gambia before and after mass drug administration. BMC Med 2020; 18:331. [PMID: 33183292 PMCID: PMC7664049 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As The Gambia aims to achieve malaria elimination by 2030, serological assays are a useful surveillance tool to monitor trends in malaria incidence and evaluate community-based interventions. METHODS Within a mass drug administration (MDA) study in The Gambia, where reduced malaria infection and clinical disease were observed after the intervention, a serological sub-study was conducted in four study villages. Spatio-temporal variation in transmission was measured with a panel of recombinant Pf antigens on a multiplexed bead-based assay. Village-level antibody levels were quantified as under-15 sero-prevalence, sero-conversion rates, and age-adjusted antibody acquisition rates. Antibody levels prior to MDA were assessed for association with persistent malaria infection after community chemoprophylaxis. RESULTS Seasonal changes in antibodies to Etramp5.Ag1 were observed in children under 15 years in two transmission settings-the West Coast and Upper River Regions (4.32% and 31.30% Pf prevalence, respectively). At the end of the malaria season, short-lived antibody responses to Etramp5.Ag1, GEXP18, HSP40.Ag1, EBA175 RIII-V, and Rh2.2030 were lower amongst 1-15 year olds in the West Coast compared to the Upper River, reflecting known differences in transmission. Prior to MDA, individuals in the top 50th percentile of antibody levels had two-fold higher odds of clinical malaria during the transmission season, consistent with previous findings from the Malaria Transmission Dynamics Study, where individuals infected before the implementation of MDA had two-fold higher odds of re-infection post-MDA. CONCLUSIONS Serological markers can serve dual functions as indicators of malaria exposure and incidence. By monitoring age-specific sero-prevalence, the magnitude of age-stratified antibody levels, or identifying groups of individuals with above-average antibody responses, these antigens have the potential to complement conventional malaria surveillance tools. Further studies, particularly cluster randomised trials, can help establish standardised serological protocols to reliably measure transmission across endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Wu
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Julia Mwesigwa
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Muna Affara
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Mamadou Bah
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Simon Correa
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Tom Hall
- St. George’s University of London (SGUL), London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Susheel K. Singh
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004 Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Kevin K. A. Tetteh
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Immo Kleinschmidt
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, WC1E 7HT UK
- School of Pathology, Wits Institute for Malaria Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Umberto D’Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, WC1E 7HT UK
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76
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Kanoi BN, Nagaoka H, Morita M, Tsuboi T, Takashima E. Leveraging the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system to accelerate malaria vaccine development. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102224. [PMID: 33137499 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines against infectious diseases have had great successes in the history of public health. Major breakthroughs have occurred in the development of vaccine-based interventions against viral and bacterial pathogens through the application of classical vaccine design strategies. In contrast the development of a malaria vaccine has been slow. Plasmodium falciparum malaria affects millions of people with nearly half of the world population at risk of infection. Decades of dedicated research has taught us that developing an effective vaccine will be time consuming, challenging, and expensive. Nevertheless, recent advancements such as the optimization of robust protein synthesis platforms, high-throughput immunoscreening approaches, reverse vaccinology, structural design of immunogens, lymphocyte repertoire sequencing, and the utilization of artificial intelligence, have renewed the prospects of an accelerated discovery of the key antigens in malaria. A deeper understanding of the major factors underlying the immunological and molecular mechanisms of malaria might provide a comprehensive approach to identifying novel and highly efficacious vaccines. In this review we discuss progress in novel antigen discoveries that leverage on the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system (WGCFS) to accelerate malaria vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard N Kanoi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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77
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van den Hoogen LL, Stresman G, Présumé J, Romilus I, Mondélus G, Elismé T, Existe A, Hamre KES, Ashton RA, Druetz T, Joseph V, Beeson JG, Singh SK, Boncy J, Eisele TP, Chang MA, Lemoine JF, Tetteh KKA, Rogier E, Drakeley C. Selection of Antibody Responses Associated With Plasmodium falciparum Infections in the Context of Malaria Elimination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:928. [PMID: 32499783 PMCID: PMC7243477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In our aim to eliminate malaria, more sensitive tools to detect residual transmission are quickly becoming essential. Antimalarial antibody responses persist in the blood after a malaria infection and provide a wider window to detect exposure to infection compared to parasite detection metrics. Here, we aimed to select antibody responses associated with recent and cumulative exposure to malaria using cross-sectional survey data from Haiti, an elimination setting. Using a multiplex bead assay, we generated data for antibody responses (immunoglobulin G) to 23 Plasmodium falciparum targets in 29,481 participants across three surveys. This included one community-based survey in which participants were enrolled during household visits and two sentinel group surveys in which participants were enrolled at schools and health facilities. First, we correlated continuous antibody responses with age (Spearman) to determine which showed strong age-related associations indicating accumulation over time with limited loss. AMA-1 and MSP-119 antibody levels showed the strongest correlation with age (0.47 and 0.43, p < 0.001) in the community-based survey, which was most representative of the underlying age structure of the population, thus seropositivity to either of these antibodies was considered representative of cumulative exposure to malaria. Next, in the absence of a gold standard for recent exposure, we included antibody responses to the remaining targets to predict highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test (hsRDT) status using receiver operating characteristic curves. For this, only data from the survey with the highest hsRDT prevalence was used (7.2%; 348/4,849). The performance of the top two antigens in the training dataset (two-thirds of the dataset; n = 3,204)-Etramp 5 ag 1 and GLURP-R0 (area-under-the-curve, AUC, 0.892 and 0.825, respectively)-was confirmed in the test dataset (remaining one-third of the dataset; n = 1,652, AUC 0.903 and 0.848, respectively). As no further improvement was seen by combining seropositivity to GLURP-R0 and Etramp 5 ag 1 (p = 0.266), seropositivity to Etramp 5 ag 1 alone was selected as representative of current or recent exposure to malaria. The validation of antibody responses associated with these exposure histories simplifies analyses and interpretation of antibody data and facilitates the application of results to evaluate programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus L. van den Hoogen
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Gillian Stresman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gina Mondélus
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Tamara Elismé
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Karen E. S. Hamre
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth A. Ashton
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Thomas Druetz
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vena Joseph
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - James G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Susheel K. Singh
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacques Boncy
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Thomas P. Eisele
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michelle A. Chang
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jean F. Lemoine
- Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Kevin K. A. Tetteh
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rogier
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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