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Hou H, Xu J, Li Y, Wang Y, Yang H. The Association of Asthma With COVID-19 Mortality: An Updated Meta-Analysis Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3944-3968.e5. [PMID: 34464749 PMCID: PMC8401144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The association of asthma with the risk for mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is not clear. Objective To investigate the association between asthma and the risk for mortality among COVID-19 patients. Methods We performed systematic searches through electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify potential articles reporting adjusted effect estimates on the association of asthma with fatal COVID-19. A random-effects model was conducted to estimate pooled effects. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, Begg's test and Egger's test were also performed. Results Based on 62 studies with 2,457,205 cases reporting adjusted effect estimates, COVID-19 patients with asthma had a significantly reduced risk for mortality compared with those without it (15 cohort studies: 829,670 patients, pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.95, I2 = 65.9%, P < .001; 34 cohort studies: 1,008,015 patients, pooled odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95% CI, 0.82-0.94, I2 = 39.4%, P = .011; and 11 cross-sectional studies: 1,134,738 patients, pooled OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.78-0.97, I2 = 41.1%, P = .075). Subgroup analysis based on types of adjusted factors indicated that COVID-19 patients with asthma had a significantly reduced risk for mortality among studies adjusting for demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic variables (pooled OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.83-0.92, I2 = 36.3%, P = .013; pooled HR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.83-0.97, I2 = 69.2%, P < .001), but not among studies adjusting only for demographic variables (pooled OR = 0.88, 95% CI, 0.70-1.12, I2 = 40.5%, P = .097; pooled HR = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.64-1.06, I2 = 0%, P = .495). Sensitivity analysis proved that our results were stable and robust. Both Begg's test and Egger's test indicated that potential publication bias did not exist. Conclusions Our data based on adjusted effect estimates indicated that asthma was significantly related to a reduced risk for COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zhang K, Wang J, Liu T, Luo Y, Loh XJ, Chen X. Machine Learning-Reinforced Noninvasive Biosensors for Healthcare. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100734. [PMID: 34165240 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and development of noninvasive biosensors largely facilitate the collection of physiological signals and the processing of health-related data. The utilization of appropriate machine learning algorithms improves the accuracy and efficiency of biosensors. Machine learning-reinforced biosensors are started to use in clinical practice, health monitoring, and food safety, bringing a digital revolution in healthcare. Herein, the recent advances in machine learning-reinforced noninvasive biosensors applied in healthcare are summarized. First, different types of noninvasive biosensors and physiological signals collected are categorized and summarized. Then machine learning algorithms adopted in subsequent data processing are introduced and their practical applications in biosensors are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by machine learning-reinforced biosensors are raised, including data privacy and adaptive learning capability, and their prospects in real-time monitoring, out-of-clinic diagnosis, and onsite food safety detection are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck – NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
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53
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Pritchett JC, Borah BJ, Desai AP, Xie Z, Saliba AN, Leventakos K, Coffey JD, Pearson KK, Speicher LL, Orenstein R, Virk A, Ganesh R, Paludo J, Halfdanarson TR, Haddad TC. Association of a Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) Program With Reduced Hospitalizations in Cancer Patients With COVID-19. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e1293-e1302. [PMID: 34085535 PMCID: PMC8457804 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to assess the impact of an interdisciplinary remote patient monitoring (RPM) program on clinical outcomes and acute care utilization in cancer patients with COVID-19. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis following a prospective observational study performed at Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. Adult patients receiving cancer-directed therapy or in recent remission on active surveillance with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 18 and July 31, 2020, were included. RPM was composed of in-home technology to assess symptoms and physiologic data with centralized nursing and physician oversight. RESULTS During the study timeframe, 224 patients with cancer were diagnosed with COVID-19. Of the 187 patients (83%) initially managed in the outpatient setting, those who did not receive RPM were significantly more likely to experience hospitalization than those receiving RPM. Following balancing of patient characteristics by inverse propensity score weighting, rates of hospitalization for RPM and non-RPM patients were 2.8% and 13%, respectively, implying that the use of RPM was associated with a 78% relative risk reduction in hospital admission rate (95% CI, 54 to 102; P = .002). Furthermore, when hospitalized, these patients experienced a shorter length of stay and fewer prolonged hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and deaths, although these trends did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The use of RPM and a centralized virtual care team was associated with a reduction in hospital admission rate and lower overall acute care resource utilization among cancer patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Pritchett
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bijan J. Borah
- Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Aakash P. Desai
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Zhuoer Xie
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Antoine N. Saliba
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Konstantinos Leventakos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Leigh L. Speicher
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Abinash Virk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ravindra Ganesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jonas Paludo
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Tufia C. Haddad
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Center for Connected Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Tufia C. Haddad, MD, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; e-mail:
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54
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Blanchard E, Ozier A, Janssen C, Wyplosz B, Andrejak C. [COVID-19 vaccination in patients suffering from respiratory diseases. Update of 25th June 2021]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:780-793. [PMID: 34362608 PMCID: PMC8330974 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Blanchard
- Service de pneumologie CHU Bordeaux, 1, avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac cedex, France.
| | - A Ozier
- Cabinet de pneumologie, Clinique Saint-Augustin, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Janssen
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CH Annecy-Genevois, Annecy, France
| | - B Wyplosz
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C Andrejak
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Amiens, Amiens, France
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55
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Kim SH, Ji E, Won SH, Cho J, Kim YH, Ahn S, Chang YS. Association of asthma comorbidity with poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100576. [PMID: 34422204 PMCID: PMC8364802 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While global health agencies have listed asthma as a vulnerability for severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the evidence supporting this is scarce. Methods A nationwide cohort study was conducted using the validated Korean national health insurance claim data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1 and April 8, 2020. Asthma comorbidity was determined using a diagnosis code assigned by the physician and the prescription of asthma-related medications. The clinical course of COVID-19 was classified into 3 severity grades according to the requirements for oxygen supply and mechanical ventilation. We also evaluated the association of asthma with overall and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19. Results Asthma morbidity was a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 (grade 2 requiring oxygen supply) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.341, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.051−1.711, P = 0.018) and grade 3 requiring mechanical ventilation or leading to death (aOR = 1.723, 95% CI: 1.230−2.412, P = 0.002) multinomial logistic regression adjusting co-risk factors. Asthma was also significantly associated with mortality of COVID-19 (aOR = 1.453, 95% CI: 1.015−2.080, P = 0.041) and was revealed to have a shorter time to in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Patients with recent asthma exacerbation showed more severe COVID-19 of grade 3 (OR = 7.371, 95% CI: 2.018−26.924, P = 0.003) and higher mortality (OR = 9.208, 95% CI: 2.597−32.646, P < 0.001) in univariable analysis, but the statistical significance was not found in multivariable analysis. Conclusion Asthma morbidity was associated with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Patients with asthma should pay more attention to avoid worsening of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjeong Ji
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Won
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jungwon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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56
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Sunjaya AP, Allida SM, Di Tanna GL, Jenkins CR. Asthma and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01209-2021. [PMID: 34385278 PMCID: PMC8361304 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01209-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Individual case series and cohort studies have reported conflicting results in people with asthma on the vulnerability to and risk of mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Research question Are people with asthma at a higher risk of being infected or hospitalised or poorer clinical outcomes from COVID-19? Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis based on five main databases including the World Health Organization COVID-19 database between 1 December 2019 and 11 July 2021 on studies with a control (non-asthma) group was conducted. Prevalence and risk ratios were pooled using Sidik–Jonkman random-effects meta-analyses. Findings 51 studies with an 8.08% (95% CI 6.87–9.30%) pooled prevalence of people with asthma among COVID-19 positive cases. The risk ratios were 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.95, p=0.01) for acquiring COVID-19; 1.18 (95% CI 0.98–1.42, p=0.08) for hospitalisation; 1.21 (95% CI 0.97–1.51, p=0.09) for intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 1.06 (95% CI 0.82–1.36, p=0.65) for ventilator use; and 0.94 (95% CI 0.76–1.17, p=0.58) for mortality for people with asthma. Subgroup analyses by continent revealed a significant difference in risk of acquiring COVID-19, ICU admission, ventilator use and death between the continents. Interpretation The risk of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was reduced compared to the non-asthma group. No statistically significant differences in hospitalisation, ICU admission and ventilator use were found between groups. Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in outcomes from COVID-19 between America, Europe and Asia. Additional studies are required to confirm this risk profile, particularly in Africa and South America, where few studies originate. The risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 was reduced in patients with asthma compared to the non-asthma group. No significant differences in hospitalisation, ICU admission, ventilator use and mortality were found between groups.https://bit.ly/3izKB9h
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Sunjaya
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sabine M Allida
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine R Jenkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia .,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, Medical Education Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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57
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Lombardi C, Gani F, Berti A, Comberiati P, Peroni D, Cottini M. Asthma and COVID-19: a dangerous liaison? Asthma Res Pract 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 34261543 PMCID: PMC8279806 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-021-00075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), provoked the most striking international public health crisis of our time. COVID-19 can cause a range of breathing problems, from mild to critical, with potential evolution to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Elderly adults and those affected with chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory conditions carry a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Given the global burden of asthma, there are well-founded concerns that the relationship between COVID-19 and asthma could represent a "dangerous liaison".Here we aim to review the latest evidence on the links between asthma and COVID-19 and provide reasoned answers to current concerns, such as the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or severe COVID-19 stratified by asthmatic patients, the contribution of type-2 vs. non-type-2 asthma and asthma-COPD overlap to the risk of COVID-19 development. We also address the potential role of both standard anti-inflammatory asthma therapies and new biological agents for severe asthma, such as mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, on the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lombardi
- Departmental Unit of Allergology, Immunology & Pulmonary Diseases, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy.
- Departmental Unit of Pneumology & Allergology, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Via Bissolati, 57, 25100, Brescia, Italy.
| | | | - Alvise Berti
- Ospedale Santa Chiara and Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diego Peroni
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Rosenberg HF, Foster PS. Eosinophils and COVID-19: diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccination strategies. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:383-392. [PMID: 33728484 PMCID: PMC7962927 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in global challenges to our health-care systems and our economic security. As such, there has been significant research into all aspects of the disease, including diagnostic biomarkers, associated risk factors, and strategies that might be used for its treatment and prevention. Toward this end, eosinopenia has been identified as one of many factors that might facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis of severe COVID-19. However, this finding is neither definitive nor pathognomonic for COVID-19. While eosinophil-associated conditions have been misdiagnosed as COVID-19 and others are among its reported complications, patients with pre-existing eosinophil-associated disorders (e.g., asthma, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders) do not appear to be at increased risk for severe disease; interestingly, several recent studies suggest that a diagnosis of asthma may be associated with some degree of protection. Finally, although vaccine-associated aberrant inflammatory responses, including eosinophil accumulation in the respiratory tract, were observed in preclinical immunization studies targeting the related SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV pathogens, no similar complications have been reported clinically in response to the widespread dissemination of either of the two encapsulated mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene F Rosenberg
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Paul S Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2300, Australia
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Effect of Yijin-Tang, an Oriental Traditional Formula, on Allergic Responses Using an Ovalbumin-Induced Murine Asthma Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5585692. [PMID: 34055011 PMCID: PMC8133850 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yijin-tang is an oriental traditional herb used to treat inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Yijin-tang water extract (YTE) using an ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced asthma model, focusing on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the herb. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA on days 0 and 14 and then challenged with OVA on days 21, 22, and 23. The animals were orally administered YTE (200 and 400 mg/kg) from days 18 to 23, and this was found to significantly decrease airway hyperresponsiveness and release of inflammatory cells, cytokines, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in mice with asthma. In addition, YTE was associated with a marked reduction in airway inflammation and mucus production in lung tissue of mice with asthma. Furthermore, YTE suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and phosphorylation of ERK in the lungs, which in turn led to a reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthases and an elevation in reduced glutathione and heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, YTE effectively suppressed allergic responses in mice with asthma and the effect was closely related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the herb. Our results indicate that YTE may be a potential agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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60
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Hojo M, Terada-Hirashima J, Sugiyama H. COVID-19 and bronchial asthma: current perspectives. Glob Health Med 2021; 3:67-72. [PMID: 33937568 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2020.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), two receptors on the cell membrane of bronchial epithelial cells, are indispensable for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. ACE2 receptor is increased among aged, males, and smokers. As smoking upsurges ACE2 expression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and are at a higher risk for severe forms of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) once infected. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in asthma patients is identical (or less common) to that of healthy participants. ACE2 especially, tends to be low in patients with strong atopic factors and in those with poor asthma control. Therefore, it could be speculated that asthma patients are not susceptible to COVID-19. Epidemiologically, asthma patients are less likely to suffer from COVID-19, and the number of hospitalized patients due to exacerbation of asthma in Japan is also clearly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic; therefore, they are not aggravating factors for COVID-19. Related academic societies in Japan and abroad still lack clear evidence regarding asthma treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, and recommend that regular treatment including biologics for severe patients be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hojo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Terada-Hirashima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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61
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Vera-Zertuche JM, Mancilla-Galindo J, Tlalpa-Prisco M, Aguilar-Alonso P, Aguirre-García MM, Segura-Badilla O, Lazcano-Hernández M, Rocha-González HI, Navarro-Cruz AR, Kammar-García A, Vidal-Mayo JDJ. Obesity is a strong risk factor for short-term mortality and adverse outcomes in Mexican patients with COVID-19: a national observational study. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e109. [PMID: 33913410 PMCID: PMC8134888 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results have been obtained through meta-analyses for the role of obesity as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), possibly due to the inclusion of predominantly multimorbid patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we aimed to study obesity alone or in combination with other comorbidities as a risk factor for short-term all-cause mortality and other adverse outcomes in Mexican patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19 in ambulatory units and hospitals in Mexico. We performed a retrospective observational analysis in a national cohort of 71 103 patients from all 32 states of Mexico from the National COVID-19 Epidemiological Surveillance Study. Two statistical models were applied through Cox regression to create survival models and logistic regression models to determine risk of death, hospitalisation, invasive mechanical ventilation, pneumonia and admission to an intensive care unit, conferred by obesity and other comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease). Models were adjusted for other risk factors. From 24 February to 26 April 2020, 71 103 patients were evaluated for suspected COVID-19; 15 529 (21.8%) had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2; 46 960 (66.1%), negative and 8614 (12.1%), pending results. Obesity alone increased adjusted mortality risk in positive patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04-2.98), but not in negative and pending-result patients. Obesity combined with other comorbidities further increased risk of death (DM: HR = 2.79, 95% CI 2.04-3.80; immunosuppression: HR = 5.06, 95% CI 2.26-11.41; hypertension: HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.77-3.01) and other adverse outcomes. In conclusion, obesity is a strong risk factor for short-term mortality and critical illness in Mexican patients with COVID-19; risk increases when obesity is present with other comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Vera-Zertuche
- Endocrinology Department, Obesity Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Mancilla-Galindo
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Tlalpa-Prisco
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P. Aguilar-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Alimentos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M. M. Aguirre-García
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - O. Segura-Badilla
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Programa UBB Saludable, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Bío-Bío, Chile
| | - M. Lazcano-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Alimentos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - H. I. Rocha-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. R. Navarro-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Alimentos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Kammar-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. de J. Vidal-Mayo
- Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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62
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Terry PD, Heidel RE, Dhand R. Asthma in Adult Patients with COVID-19. Prevalence and Risk of Severe Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:893-905. [PMID: 33493416 PMCID: PMC8017581 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3266oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Health outcomes of people with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) range from no symptoms to severe illness and death. Asthma, a common chronic lung disease, has been considered likely to increase the severity of COVID-19, although data addressing this hypothesis have been scarce until very recently.Objectives: To review the epidemiologic literature related to asthma's potential role in COVID-19 severity.Methods: Studies were identified through the PubMed (MEDLINE) and medRxiv (preprint) databases using the search terms "asthma," "SARS-CoV-2" (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), and "COVID-19," and by cross-referencing citations in identified studies that were available in print or online before December 22, 2020.Measurements and Main Results: Asthma prevalence data were obtained from studies of people with COVID-19 and regional health statistics. We identified 150 studies worldwide that allowed us to compare the prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 by region, disease severity, and mortality. The results of our analyses do not provide clear evidence of increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, severity, or mortality due to asthma.Conclusions: These findings could provide some reassurance to people with asthma regarding its potential to increase their risk of severe morbidity from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajiv Dhand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee
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63
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Kouis P, Michanikou A, Anagnostopoulou P, Galanakis E, Michaelidou E, Dimitriou H, Matthaiou AM, Kinni P, Achilleos S, Zacharatos H, Papatheodorou SI, Koutrakis P, Nikolopoulos GK, Yiallouros PK. Use of wearable sensors to assess compliance of asthmatic children in response to lockdown measures for the COVID-19 epidemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5895. [PMID: 33723342 PMCID: PMC7971022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Between March and April 2020, Cyprus and Greece health authorities enforced three escalated levels of public health interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We quantified compliance of 108 asthmatic schoolchildren (53 from Cyprus, 55 from Greece, mean age 9.7 years) from both countries to intervention levels, using wearable sensors to continuously track personal location and physical activity. Changes in 'fraction time spent at home' and 'total steps/day' were assessed with a mixed-effects model adjusting for confounders. We observed significant mean increases in 'fraction time spent at home' in Cyprus and Greece, during each intervention level by 41.4% and 14.3% (level 1), 48.7% and 23.1% (level 2) and 45.2% and 32.0% (level 3), respectively. Physical activity in Cyprus and Greece demonstrated significant mean decreases by - 2,531 and - 1,191 (level 1), - 3,638 and - 2,337 (level 2) and - 3,644 and - 1,961 (level 3) total steps/day, respectively. Significant independent effects of weekends and age were found on 'fraction time spent at home'. Similarly, weekends, age, humidity and gender had an independent effect on physical activity. We suggest that wearable technology provides objective, continuous, real-time location and activity data making possible to inform in a timely manner public health officials on compliance to various tiers of public health interventions during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Kouis
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Michanikou
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pinelopi Anagnostopoulou
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Helen Dimitriou
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas M Matthaiou
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paraskevi Kinni
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Souzana Achilleos
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Stefania I Papatheodorou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | | | - Panayiotis K Yiallouros
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, Shacolas Educational Center of Clinical Medicine, University of Cyprus, Palaios Dromos Lefkosias-Lemesou 215/6, 2029, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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64
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Das P, Nadim SS, Das S, Das P. Dynamics of COVID-19 transmission with comorbidity: a data driven modelling based approach. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2021; 106:1197-1211. [PMID: 33716405 PMCID: PMC7937518 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-021-06324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health disease as well as a challenging task to people with comorbidity worldwide. According to a report, comorbidity enhances the risk factors with complications of COVID-19. Here, we propose and explore a mathematical framework to study the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with comorbidity. Within this framework, the model is calibrated by using new daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in India. The qualitative properties of the model and the stability of feasible equilibrium are studied. The model experiences the scenario of backward bifurcation by parameter regime accounting for progress in susceptibility to acquire infection by comorbidity individuals. The endemic equilibrium is asymptotically stable if recruitment of comorbidity becomes higher without acquiring the infection. Moreover, a larger backward bifurcation regime indicates the possibility of more infection in susceptible individuals. A dynamics in the mean fluctuation of the force of infection is investigated with different parameter regimes. A significant correlation is established between the force of infection and corresponding Shannon entropy under the same parameters, which provides evidence that infection reaches a significant proportion of the susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasakha Das
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103 India
| | - Sk Shahid Nadim
- Agriculture and Ecological Research unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108 India
| | - Samhita Das
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103 India
| | - Pritha Das
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103 India
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65
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Inselman JW, Rank MA, Zawada SK, Jeffery MM. Which people with asthma are most likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 in the United States? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2080-2082. [PMID: 33684636 PMCID: PMC7934792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Inselman
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz; Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz.
| | - Stephanie K Zawada
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Molly M Jeffery
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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66
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Bouazza B, Ramdani I, Chahed R. Chloroquine and COVID-19: role as a bitter taste receptor agonist? New Microbes New Infect 2021; 40:100843. [PMID: 33520251 PMCID: PMC7830265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a world public health emergency caused by the new coronavirus, SARSCoV-2. Many drugs were repurposed as a treatment for COVID-19 patients including Chloroquine (CQ). CQ is a bitter taste receptor agonist reported to relax the airways suggesting a role in preventing disease severity of COVID-19 patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bouazza
- Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - I. Ramdani
- Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - R. Chahed
- Cabinet Médical Privé, Spécialité de Pneumologie, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
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67
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Al Yazidi LS, Al Maskari N, Al Reesi M. CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA HOSPITALISED WITH COVID-19: MULTICENTRE EXPERIENCE. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:464-466. [PMID: 33638880 PMCID: PMC8014219 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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68
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Lee SC, Son KJ, Han CH, Park SC, Jung JY. Impact of COPD on COVID-19 prognosis: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3735. [PMID: 33580190 PMCID: PMC7880985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Underlying chronic respiratory disease may be associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the risk for respiratory failure and mortality in COVID-19 patients. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted in 4610 patients (≥ 40 years old) infected with COVID-19 between January 20 and May 27, 2020, using data from the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea. The clinical course and various clinical features were compared between COPD and non-COPD patients, and the risks of respiratory failure and all-cause mortality in COPD patients were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Among 4610 COVID-19 patients, 4469 (96.9%) and 141 (3.1%) were categorized into the non-COPD and COPD groups, respectively. The COPD group had greater proportions of older (≥ 60 years old) (78.0% vs. 45.2%, P < 0.001) and male (52.5% vs. 36.6%, P < 0.001) patients than the non-COPD group. Relatively greater proportions of patients with COPD received intensive critical care (7.1% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.041) and mechanical ventilation (5.7% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.015). Multivariate analyses showed that COPD was not a risk factor for respiratory failure but was a significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.93) after adjustment for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Among COVID-19 patients, relatively greater proportions of patients with COPD received mechanical ventilation and intensive critical care. COPD is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, 100 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 10444, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ju Son
- Department of Research and Analysis, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Han
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, 100 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 10444, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Cheol Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, 100 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 10444, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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69
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Krynytska I, Marushchak M, Mykolenko A, Smachylo I, Sopel O, Kucher S. Bronchial Asthma: Genetic Factors Contributing to its Pathogenesis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Researching bronchial asthma (BA)-linked gene polymorphisms can help to clarify heterogeneity of the disease and estimate its severity, which, in turn, will aid in developing an appropriate treatment corresponding to the patient’s unique asthma pathogenesis. The aim of presented review is to analyze the published data on the genetic preconditions of BA and the possible role of different genes polymorphisms in its pathogenesis. We have found that despite the fact that numerous genes are involved in the pathogenesis of BA and their polymorphisms are associated with increased risks for BA, it is important to understand that a combination of factors, both genetic and environmental, triggers BA development and determines its progression. On the other hand, the identification of BA susceptibility genes contributing to asthma pathogenesis and treatment response is the first step toward the development of personalized medicine.
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70
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Das P, Upadhyay RK, Misra AK, Rihan FA, Das P, Ghosh D. Mathematical model of COVID-19 with comorbidity and controlling using non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2021; 106:1213-1227. [PMID: 34031622 PMCID: PMC8133070 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-021-06517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pandemic is an unprecedented public health situation, especially for human beings with comorbidity. Vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions only remain extensive measures carrying a significant socioeconomic impact to defeating pandemic. Here, we formulate a mathematical model with comorbidity to study the transmission dynamics as well as an optimal control-based framework to diminish COVID-19. This encompasses modeling the dynamics of invaded population, parameter estimation of the model, study of qualitative dynamics, and optimal control problem for non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccination events such that the cost of the combined measure is minimized. The investigation reveals that disease persists with the increase in exposed individuals having comorbidity in society. The extensive computational efforts show that mean fluctuations in the force of infection increase with corresponding entropy. This is a piece of evidence that the outbreak has reached a significant portion of the population. However, optimal control strategies with combined measures provide an assurance of effectively protecting our population from COVID-19 by minimizing social and economic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasakha Das
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Misra
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Fathalla A. Rihan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Pritha Das
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah India
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata, 700108 India
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