51
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Huang Y, Li X, Zhang YC, Shi Z, Zeng L, Xie J, Du Y, Lu D, Hu Z, Cai T, Luo Z. Aqueous Protein-Polymer Bioconjugation via Photoinduced RAFT Polymerization Using High Loading Heterogeneous Catalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44488-44496. [PMID: 34514775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven polymerization, such as photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, enables biological benign conditions and versatile functional polymer structure design, which is readily used in protein-polymer bioconjugates. However, conventional metalloporphyrinic homogeneous catalysts for PET-RAFT polymerization suffer from limited aqueous solubility and tedious purification. Here we demonstrate the design of PET-RAFT photocatalyst from the reticular assembled Zr-porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), along with a biomacromolecule-based chain transfer agent, as efficient bioconjugation tools in water. Our methodology offers manufacturing advantages on bioconjugates under mild conditions such that MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and cytotoxicity assays have shown the preservation of the protein integrity, bioactivity, and high cell viability after PET-RAFT polymerization. We find that the fast kinetics are benefiting from the ultrahigh loading of metalloporphyrins in MOF-525-Zn. This heterogeneous catalyst also allows us to maintain living characteristics to incorporate myriads of monomers into block copolymers. Other advantages like easy postreaction purification, reusability, and high oxygen tolerance even in an open system are demonstrated. This study provides a tool of highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts for polymer-protein bioconjugation in aqueous media and paves the road for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Shi
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Lun Zeng
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Yucong Du
- Guangzhou Baiyun Medical Adhesive Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P. R. China
| | - Dong Lu
- Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Silver Age Engineering Plastics (Dongguan) Company Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523187, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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52
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Kiran P, Khan A, Neekhra S, Pallod S, Srivastava R. Nanohybrids as Protein-Polymer Conjugate Multimodal Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:676025. [PMID: 35047929 PMCID: PMC8757875 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.676025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic formulations are being widely explored as multifunctional nanotherapeutics. Challenges in ensuring susceptibility and efficacy of nanoformulation still prevail owing to various interactions with biological fluids before reaching the target site. Smart polymers with the capability of masking drugs, ease of chemical modification, and multi-stimuli responsiveness can assist controlled delivery. An active moiety like therapeutic protein has started to be known as an important biological formulation with a diverse medicinal prospect. The delivery of proteins and peptides with high target specificity has however been tedious, due to their tendency to aggregate formation in different environmental conditions. Proteins due to high chemical reactivity and poor bioavailability are being researched widely in the field of nanomedicine. Clinically, multiple nano-based formulations have been explored for delivering protein with different carrier systems. A biocompatible and non-toxic polymer-based delivery system serves to tailor the polymer or drug better. Polymers not only aid delivery to the target site but are also responsible for proper stearic orientation of proteins thus protecting them from internal hindrances. Polymers have been shown to conjugate with proteins through covalent linkage rendering stability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy prominently when dealing with the systemic route. Here, we present the recent developments in polymer-protein/drug-linked systems. We aim to address questions by assessing the properties of the conjugate system and optimized delivery approaches. Since thorough characterization is the key aspect for technology to enter into the market, correlating laboratory research with commercially available formulations will also be presented in this review. By examining characteristics including morphology, surface properties, and functionalization, we will expand different hybrid applications from a biomaterial stance applied in in vivo complex biological conditions. Further, we explore understanding related to design criteria and strategies for polymer-protein smart nanomedicines with their potential prophylactic theranostic applications. Overall, we intend to highlight protein-drug delivery through multifunctional smart polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suditi Neekhra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Pallod
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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53
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Zhang D, Chen Q, Bi Y, Zhang H, Chen M, Wan J, Shi C, Zhang W, Zhang J, Qiao Z, Li J, Chen S, Liu R. Bio-inspired poly-DL-serine materials resist the foreign-body response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5327. [PMID: 34493717 PMCID: PMC8423817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation-caused foreign-body response (FBR) is a commonly encountered issue and can result in failure of implants. The high L-serine content in low immunogenic silk sericin, and the high D-serine content as a neurotransmitter together inspire us to prepare poly-DL-serine (PSer) materials in mitigating the FBR. Here we report highly water soluble, biocompatible and easily accessible PSer hydrogels that cause negligible inflammatory response after subcutaneous implantation in mice for 1 week and 2 weeks. No obvious collagen capsulation is found surrounding the PSer hydrogels after 4 weeks, 3 months and 7 months post implantation. Histological analysis on inflammatory cytokines and RNA-seq assay both indicate that PSer hydrogels show low FBR, comparable to the Mock group. The anti-FBR performance of PSer hydrogels at all time points surpass the poly(ethyleneglycol) hydrogels that is widely utilized as bio-inert materials, implying the potent and wide application of PSer materials in implantable biomaterials and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minzhang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianglin Wan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqian Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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54
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Varlas S, Maitland GL, Derry MJ. Protein-, (Poly)peptide-, and Amino Acid-Based Nanostructures Prepared via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2603. [PMID: 34451144 PMCID: PMC8402019 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides, built from precisely defined amino acid sequences, are an important class of biomolecules that play a vital role in most biological functions. Preparation of nanostructures through functionalization of natural, hydrophilic proteins/peptides with synthetic polymers or upon self-assembly of all-synthetic amphiphilic copolypept(o)ides and amino acid-containing polymers enables access to novel protein-mimicking biomaterials with superior physicochemical properties and immense biorelevant scope. In recent years, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has been established as an efficient and versatile alternative method to existing self-assembly procedures for the reproducible development of block copolymer nano-objects in situ at high concentrations and, thus, provides an ideal platform for engineering protein-inspired nanomaterials. In this review article, the different strategies employed for direct construction of protein-, (poly)peptide-, and amino acid-based nanostructures via PISA are described with particular focus on the characteristics of the developed block copolymer assemblies, as well as their utilization in various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Varlas
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Georgia L Maitland
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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55
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Stevens CA, Kaur K, Klok HA. Self-assembly of protein-polymer conjugates for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:447-460. [PMID: 33984408 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are a class of molecules that combine the stability of polymers with the diversity, specificity, and functionality of biomolecules. These bioconjugates can result in hybrid materials that display properties not found in their individual components and can be particularly relevant for drug delivery applications. Engineering amphiphilicity into these bioconjugate materials can lead to phase separation and the assembly of high-order structures. The assembly, termed self-assembly, of these hierarchical structures entails multiple levels of organization: at each level, new properties emerge, which are, in turn, influenced by lower levels. Here, we provide a critical review of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly and how these materials can be used for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. In addition, we discuss central bioconjugate design questions and propose future perspectives for the field of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Stevens
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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56
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Olson RA, Levi JS, Scheutz GM, Lessard JJ, Figg CA, Kamat MN, Basso KB, Sumerlin BS. Macromolecular Photocatalyst for Synthesis and Purification of Protein–Polymer Conjugates. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Olson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jordan S. Levi
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Georg M. Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jacob J. Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Manasi N. Kamat
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kari B. Basso
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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57
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Upadhya R, Kosuri S, Tamasi M, Meyer TA, Atta S, Webb MA, Gormley AJ. Automation and data-driven design of polymer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:1-28. [PMID: 33242537 PMCID: PMC8127395 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are uniquely suited for drug delivery and biomaterial applications due to tunable structural parameters such as length, composition, architecture, and valency. To facilitate designs, researchers may explore combinatorial libraries in a high throughput fashion to correlate structure to function. However, traditional polymerization reactions including controlled living radical polymerization (CLRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) require inert reaction conditions and extensive expertise to implement. With the advent of air-tolerance and automation, several polymerization techniques are now compatible with well plates and can be carried out at the benchtop, making high throughput synthesis and high throughput screening (HTS) possible. To avoid HTS pitfalls often described as "fishing expeditions," it is crucial to employ intelligent and big data approaches to maximize experimental efficiency. This is where the disruptive technologies of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) will likely play a role. In fact, ML and AI are already impacting small molecule drug discovery and showing signs of emerging in drug delivery. In this review, we present state-of-the-art research in drug delivery, gene delivery, antimicrobial polymers, and bioactive polymers alongside data-driven developments in drug design and organic synthesis. From this insight, important lessons are revealed for the polymer therapeutics community including the value of a closed loop design-build-test-learn workflow. This is an exciting time as researchers will gain the ability to fully explore the polymer structural landscape and establish quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) with biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Supriya Atta
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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58
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Bellotti V, Simonutti R. New Light in Polymer Science: Photoinduced Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (PET-RAFT) as Innovative Strategy for the Synthesis of Advanced Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1119. [PMID: 33915928 PMCID: PMC8036437 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry has attracted great interest in the last decades in the field of polymer and material science for the synthesis of innovative materials. The merging of photochemistry and reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) provides good reaction control and can simplify elaborate reaction protocols. These advantages open the doors to multidisciplinary fields going from composite materials to bio-applications. Photoinduced Electron/Energy Transfer Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, proposed for the first time in 2014, presents significant advantages compared to other photochemical techniques in terms of applicability, cost, and sustainability. This review has the aim of providing to the readers the basic knowledge of PET-RAFT polymerization and explores the new possibilities that this innovative technique offers in terms of industrial applications, new materials production, and green conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Department of Materials Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, 20125 Milan, Italy;
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59
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Kaupbayeva B, Boye S, Munasinghe A, Murata H, Matyjaszewski K, Lederer A, Colina CM, Russell AJ. Molecular Dynamics-Guided Design of a Functional Protein-ATRP Conjugate That Eliminates Protein-Protein Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:821-832. [PMID: 33784809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Even the most advanced protein-polymer conjugate therapeutics do not eliminate antibody-protein and receptor-protein recognition. Next-generation bioconjugate drugs will need to replace stochastic selection with rational design to select desirable levels of protein-protein interaction while retaining function. The "Holy Grail" for rational design would be to generate functional enzymes that are fully catalytic with small molecule substrates while eliminating interaction between the protein surface and larger molecules. Using chymotrypsin, an important enzyme that is used to treat pancreatic insufficiency, we have designed a series of molecular chimeras with varied grafting densities and shapes. Guided by molecular dynamic simulations and next-generation molecular chimera characterization with asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation chromatography, we grew linear, branched, and comb-shaped architectures from the surface of the protein by atom-transfer radical polymerization. Comb-shaped polymers, grafted from the surface of chymotrypsin, completely prevented enzyme inhibition with protein inhibitors without sacrificing the ability of the enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of a peptide substrate. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiangle laser light scattering including dynamic light scattering showed that nanoarmor designed with comb-shaped polymers was particularly compact and spherical. The polymer structure significantly increased protein stability and reduced protein-protein interactions. Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations predicted that a dense nanoarmor with long-armed comb-shaped polymer would act as an almost perfect molecular sieve to filter large ligands from substrates. Surprisingly, a conjugate that was composed of 99% polymer was needed before the elimination of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Aravinda Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Coray M Colina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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60
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Barbee MH, Wright ZM, Allen BP, Taylor HF, Patteson EF, Knight AS. Protein-Mimetic Self-Assembly with Synthetic Macromolecules. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Barbee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zoe M. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hailey F. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emily F. Patteson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S. Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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61
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Desaintjean A, Haupt T, Bole LJ, Judge NR, Hevia E, Knochel P. Regioselective Bromine/Magnesium Exchange for the Selective Functionalization of Polyhalogenated Arenes and Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1513-1518. [PMID: 33079466 PMCID: PMC7839478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using the bimetallic combination sBu2 Mg⋅2 LiOR (R=2-ethylhexyl) in toluene enables efficient and regioselective Br/Mg exchanges with various dibromo-arenes and -heteroarenes under mild reaction conditions and provides bromo-substituted magnesium reagents. Assessing the role of Lewis donor additives in these reactions revealed that N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) finely tunes the regioselectivity of the Br/Mg exchange on dibromo-pyridines and quinolines. Combining spectroscopic with X-ray crystallographic studies, light has been shed on the mixed Li/Mg constitution of the organometallic intermediates accomplishing these transformations. These systems reacted effectively with a broad range of electrophiles, including allyl bromides, ketones, aldehydes, and Weinreb amides in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Desaintjean
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Tobias Haupt
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Neil R. Judge
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern3012BernSwitzerland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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62
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Brogan APS. Preparation and application of solvent-free liquid proteins with enhanced thermal and anhydrous stabilities. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective details a robust chemical modification strategy to protect proteins from temperature, aggregation, and non-aqueous environments.
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63
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Wang Y, Langley RJ, Tamshen K, Harms J, Middleditch MJ, Maynard HD, Jamieson SMF, Perry JK. Enhanced Bioactivity of a Human GHR Antagonist Generated by Solid-Phase Site-Specific PEGylation. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:299-308. [PMID: 33295758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has been implicated in cancer progression andis a potential target for anticancer therapy. Currently, pegvisomant is the only GH receptor (GHR) antagonist approved for clinical use. Pegvisomant is a mutated GH molecule (B2036) which is PEGylated on amine groups to extend serum half-life. However, PEGylation significantly reduces the bioactivity of the antagonist in mice. To improve bioactivity, we generated a series of B2036 conjugates with the site-specific attachment of 20, 30, or 40 kDa methoxyPEG maleimide (mPEG maleimide) by introduction of a cysteine residue at amino acid 144 (S144C). Recombinant B2036-S144C was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and then PEGylated using cysteine-specific conjugation chemistry. To avoid issues with dimerization due to the introduced cysteine, B2036-S144C was PEGylated while immobilized on an Ni-nitrilotriacetic (Ni-NTA) acid column, which effectively reduced disulfide-mediated dimer formation and allowed efficient conjugation to mPEG maleimide. Following PEGylation, the IC50 values for the 20, 30, and 40 kDa mPEG maleimide B2036-S144C conjugates were 66.2 ± 3.8, 106.1 ± 7.1, and 127.4 ± 3.6 nM, respectively. The circulating half-life of the 40 kDa mPEG conjugate was 58.3 h in mice. Subcutaneous administration of the 40 kDa mPEG conjugate (10 mg/kg/day) reduced serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations by 50.6%. This in vivo reduction in serum IGF-I was at a considerably lower dose compared to the higher doses required to observe comparable activity in studies with pegvisomant. In conclusion, we have generated a novel PEGylated GHR antagonist by the solid-phase site-specific attachment of mPEG maleimide at an introduced cysteine residue, which effectively reduces serum IGF-I in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ries J Langley
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Kyle Tamshen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095-1569, California, United States
| | - Julia Harms
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Martin J Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095-1569, California, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095-1569, California, United States
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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64
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Desaintjean A, Haupt T, Bole LJ, Judge NR, Hevia E, Knochel P. Regioselektiver Brom/Magnesium‐Austausch für die selektive Funktionalisierung von polyhalogenierten Arenen und Heterozyklen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Desaintjean
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Tobias Haupt
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bern 3012 Bern Schweiz
| | - Neil R. Judge
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bern 3012 Bern Schweiz
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bern 3012 Bern Schweiz
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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65
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Beloqui A, Mane SR, Langer M, Glassner M, Bauer DM, Fruk L, Barner‐Kowollik C, Delaittre G. Hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐Cycloaddition mit RAFT‐Polymeren als Biokonjugationsplattform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU) Avda. Manuel de Lardizabal 3 E-20018 Donostia – San Sebastian Spanien
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 3 E-48013 Bilbao Spanien
| | - Shivshankar R. Mane
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Langer
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Dennis M. Bauer
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Organic Functional Molecules Organic Chemistry University of Wuppertal Gaußstrasse 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
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66
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Beloqui A, Mane SR, Langer M, Glassner M, Bauer DM, Fruk L, Barner‐Kowollik C, Delaittre G. Hetero-Diels-Alder Cycloaddition with RAFT Polymers as Bioconjugation Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19951-19955. [PMID: 32729643 PMCID: PMC7693046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the bioconjugation of polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization, bearing no specific functional end group, by means of hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition through their inherent terminal thiocarbonylthio moiety with a diene-modified model protein. Quantitative conjugation occurs over the course of a few hours, at ambient temperature and neutral pH, and in the absence of any catalyst. Our technology platform affords thermoresponsive bioconjugates, whose aggregation is solely controlled by the polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU)Avda. Manuel de Lardizabal 3E-20018Donostia – San SebastianSpain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceMaria Diaz de Haro 3E-48013BilbaoSpain
| | - Shivshankar R. Mane
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Marcel Langer
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Dennis M. Bauer
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1a76131KarlsruheGermany
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeWest Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstr. 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Organic Functional MoleculesOrganic ChemistryUniversity of WuppertalGaußstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
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67
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Shi J, Zhao D, Li X, Ding F, Tang X, Liu N, Huang H, Liu C. The conjugation of rhodamine B enables carrier-free mitochondrial delivery of functional proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6829-6839. [PMID: 32761021 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of protein-based therapeutics faces many challenges, for example, carrier-dependence, safety concerns, endocytosis-dependence, and uncertain in vivo therapeutic outcomes. Small molecules are rarely used for intracellular organelle-targeting and disease tissue-specific carrier-independent delivery of therapeutic proteins. Here, we report that rhodamine B, after modification with proteins, is able to guide carrier-free delivery into mitochondria and tissue-dependent distributions of functional proteins through organic cation transporters (OCTs). The enrichment of the modified catalase in the cancer tissue efficiently suppresses xenograft human lung tumor in mice. This carrier-free delivery platform of proteins may emerge as a simple yet powerful approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China.
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68
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Rodriguez-Abetxuko A, Sánchez-deAlcázar D, Muñumer P, Beloqui A. Tunable Polymeric Scaffolds for Enzyme Immobilization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:830. [PMID: 32850710 PMCID: PMC7406678 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of methodologies for the immobilization of enzymes using polymeric supports is continuously growing due to the developments in the fields of biotechnology, polymer chemistry, and nanotechnology in the last years. Despite being excellent catalysts, enzymes are very sensitive molecules and can undergo denaturation beyond their natural environment. For overcoming this issue, polymer chemistry offers a wealth of opportunities for the successful combination of enzymes with versatile natural or synthetic polymers. The fabrication of functional, stable, and robust biocatalytic hybrid materials (nanoparticles, capsules, hydrogels, or films) has been proven advantageous for several applications such as biomedicine, organic synthesis, biosensing, and bioremediation. In this review, supported with recent examples of enzyme-protein hybrids, we provide an overview of the methods used to combine both macromolecules, as well as the future directions and the main challenges that are currently being tackled in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Muñumer
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
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69
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Kopeček J, Yang J. Polymer nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:40-64. [PMID: 32735811 PMCID: PMC7736172 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanomedicines (macromolecular therapeutics, polymer-drug conjugates, drug-free macromolecular therapeutics) are a group of biologically active compounds that are characterized by their large molecular weight. This review focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble macromolecules with low molecular weight drugs and selected proteins. After analyzing the design principles, different structures of polymer carriers are discussed followed by the examination of the efficacy of the conjugates in animal models and challenges for their translation into the clinic. Two innovative directions in macromolecular therapeutics that depend on receptor crosslinking are highlighted: a) Combination chemotherapy of backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates with immune checkpoint blockade by multivalent polymer peptide antagonists; and b) Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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70
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Wang Y, Langley RJ, Tamshen K, Jamieson SM, Lu M, Maynard HD, Perry JK. Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonists Produced in E. coli and Conjugated with Polyethylene Glycol. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1651-1660. [PMID: 32423203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that mediates actions through binding to a cell surface GH receptor (GHR). The GHR antagonist, B2036, combines an amino acid substitution at 120 that confers GHR antagonist activity, with eight additional amino acid substitutions. Conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases the serum half-life of these proteins due to reduced renal clearance. Recombinant forms of GH and its antagonists are mainly produced in prokaryotic expression systems, such as E. coli. However, efficient production in E. coli is problematic, as these proteins form aggregates as inclusion bodies resulting in poor solubility. In the present study, we demonstrate that N-terminal fusion to a thioredoxin (Trx) fusion partner improves soluble expression of codon-optimized B2036 in E. coli when expressed at 18 °C. Expression, purification and PEGylation protocols were established for three GHR antagonists: B2036, B20, and G120Rv. Following purification, these antagonists inhibited the proliferation of Ba/F3-GHR cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PEGylation with amine-reactive 5 kDa methoxy PEG succinimidyl propionate yielded a heterogeneous mixture of conjugates containing four to seven PEG moieties. PEGylation significantly reduced in vitro bioactivity of the conjugates. However, substitution of lysine to arginine at amino acid residue 120 in B2036 improved the in vitro activity of the PEGylated protein when compared to unmodified PEGylated B2036. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that the circulating half-life of PEGylated B20 was 15.2 h in mice. Taken together, we describe an effective strategy to produce biologically active PEGylated human GHR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ries J Langley
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Kyle Tamshen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Stephen M Jamieson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Man Lu
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza Building, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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71
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Zhang N, Mei K, Guan P, Hu X, Zhao Y. Protein-Based Artificial Nanosystems in Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907256. [PMID: 32378796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, like actors, play different roles in specific applications. In the past decade, significant achievements have been made in protein-engineered biomedicine for cancer therapy. Certain proteins such as human serum albumin, working as carriers for drug/photosensitizer delivery, have entered clinical use due to their long half-life, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and inherent nonimmunogenicity. Proteins with catalytic abilities are promising as adjuvant agents for other therapeutic modalities or as anticancer drugs themselves. These catalytic proteins are usually defined as enzymes with high biological activity and substrate specificity. However, clinical applications of these kinds of proteins remain rare due to protease-induced denaturation and weak cellular permeability. Based on the characteristics of different proteins, tailor-made protein-based nanosystems could make up for their individual deficiencies. Therefore, elaborately designed protein-based nanosystems, where proteins serve as drug carriers, adjuvant agents, or therapeutic drugs to make full use of their intrinsic advantages in cancer therapy, are reviewed. Up-to-date progress on research in the field of protein-based nanomedicine is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kun Mei
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ping Guan
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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72
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73
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Beloqui A, Cortajarena AL. Protein-based functional hybrid bionanomaterials by bottom-up approaches. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 63:74-81. [PMID: 32485564 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the last advances on the field of protein engineering towards functional bionanomaterials. Albeit being this an emerging research field, multidisciplinary perspectives in the design of synthetic protein-based hybrid bionanomaterials have resulted in significant progresses. The review covers the definition of bionanomaterials as such and the description of the main methodological approaches currently employed for their assembly. In this context, special emphasis is placed on the fundamental role of protein design. Then, a general overview of the most recent advances related to the fabrication and application of protein-based bionanomaterials in several applications is provided, with special focus on catalysis. Finally, key aspects to be considered by the research community to establish the path for significant future developments in this promising field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Manuel de Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain; Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 194, E-20014 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain.
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74
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Olson RA, Korpusik AB, Sumerlin BS. Enlightening advances in polymer bioconjugate chemistry: light-based techniques for grafting to and from biomacromolecules. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5142-5156. [PMID: 34122971 PMCID: PMC8159357 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry has revolutionized the field of polymer-biomacromolecule conjugation. Ligation reactions necessitate biologically benign conditions, and photons have a significant energy advantage over what is available thermally at ambient temperature, allowing for rapid and unique reactivity. Photochemical reactions also afford many degrees of control, specifically, spatio-temporal control, light source tunability, and increased oxygen tolerance. Light-initiated polymerizations, in particular photo-atom-transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) and photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (PET-RAFT), have been used for grafting from proteins, DNA, and cells. Additionally, the spatio-temporal control inherent to light-mediated chemistry has been utilized for grafting biomolecules to hydrogel networks for many applications, such as 3-D cell culture. While photopolymerization has clear advantages, there are factors that require careful consideration in order to obtain optimal control. These factors include the photocatalyst system, light intensity, and wavelength. This Perspective aims to discuss recent advances of photochemistry for polymer biomacromolecule conjugation and potential considerations while tailoring these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Olson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Angie B Korpusik
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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75
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Messina MS, Maynard HD. Modification of Proteins Using Olefin Metathesis. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2020; 4:1040-1051. [PMID: 34457313 PMCID: PMC8388616 DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis has revolutionized synthetic approaches to carbon-carbon bond formation. With a rich history beginning in industrial settings through its advancement in academic laboratories leading to new and highly active metathesis catalysts, olefin metathesis has found use in the generation of complex natural products, the cyclization of bioactive materials, and in the polymerization of new and unique polymer architectures. Throughout this review, we will trace the deployment of olefin metathesis-based strategies for the modification of proteins, a process which has been facilitated by the extensive development of stable, isolable, and highly active transition-metal-based metathesis catalysts. We first begin by summarizing early works which detail peptide modification strategies that played a vital role in identifying stable metathesis catalysts. We then delve into protein modification using cross metathesis and finish with recent work on the generation of protein-polymer conjugates through ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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76
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Theodorou A, Liarou E, Haddleton DM, Stavrakaki IG, Skordalidis P, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Protein-polymer bioconjugates via a versatile oxygen tolerant photoinduced controlled radical polymerization approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1486. [PMID: 32198365 PMCID: PMC7083936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense application potential of amphiphilic protein-polymer conjugates remains largely unexplored, as established "grafting from" synthetic protocols involve time-consuming, harsh and disruptive deoxygenation methods, while "grafting to" approaches result in low yields. Here we report an oxygen tolerant, photoinduced CRP approach which readily affords quantitative yields of protein-polymer conjugates within 2 h, avoiding damage to the secondary structure of the protein and providing easily accessible means to produce biomacromolecular assemblies. Importantly, our methodology is compatible with multiple proteins (e.g. BSA, HSA, GOx, beta-galactosidase) and monomer classes including acrylates, methacrylates, styrenics and acrylamides. The polymerizations are conveniently conducted in plastic syringes and in the absence of any additives or external deoxygenation procedures using low-organic content media and ppm levels of copper. The robustness of the protocol is further exemplified by its implementation under UV, blue light or even sunlight irradiation as well as in buffer, nanopure, tap or even sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Iren Georgia Stavrakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skordalidis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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77
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Chen TY, Cheng WJ, Horng JC, Hsu HY. Artificial peptide-controlled protein release of Zn2+-triggered, self-assembled histidine-tagged protein microparticle. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 187:110644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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78
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Stache EE, Kottisch V, Fors BP. Photocontrolled Radical Polymerization from Hydridic C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4581-4585. [PMID: 32046481 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Given the ubiquity of carbon-hydrogen bonds in biomolecules and polymer backbones, the development of a photocontrolled polymerization selectively grafting from a C-H bond represents a powerful strategy for polymer conjugation. This approach would circumvent the need for complex synthetic pathways currently used to introduce functionality at a polymer chain end. On this basis, we developed a hydrogen-atom abstraction strategy that allows for a controlled polymerization selectively from a hydridic C-H bond using a benzophenone photocatalyst, a trithiocarbonate-derived disulfide, and visible light. We performed the polymerization from a variety of ethers, alkanes, unactivated C-H bonds, and alcohols. Our method lends itself to photocontrol which has important implications for building advanced macromolecular architectures. Finally, we demonstrate that we can graft polymer chains controllably from poly(ethylene glycol) showcasing the potential application of this method for controlled grafting from C-H bonds of commodity polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Veronika Kottisch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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79
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Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Gianneschi NC. Poly(peptide): Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles and Protein-like Polymers. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:400-413. [PMID: 31967781 PMCID: PMC11042489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Account, we describe the organization of functional peptides as densely arrayed side chains on polymer scaffolds which we introduce as a new class of material called poly(peptide). We describe two general classes of poly(peptide): (1) Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles (PPAs), which consist of block copolymers with a dense grouping of peptides arrayed as the side chains of the hydrophilic block and connected to a hydrophobic block that drives micelle assembly, and (2) Protein-like Polymers (PLPs), wherein peptide-brush polymers are composed from monomers, each containing a peptide side chain. Peptides organized in this manner imbue polymers or polymeric nanoparticles with a range of functional qualities inherent to their specific sequence. Therefore, polymers or nanoparticles otherwise lacking bioactivity or responsiveness to stimuli, once linked to a peptide of choice, can now bind proteins, enter cells and tissues, have controlled and switchable biodistribution patterns, and be enzyme substrates (e.g., for kinases, phosphatases, proteases). Indeed, where peptide substrates are incorporated, kinetically or thermodynamically driven morphological transitions can be enzymatically induced in the polymeric material. Synergistically, the polymer enforces changes in peptide activity and function by virtue of packing and constraining the peptide. The scaffold can protect peptides from proteolysis, change the pharmacokinetic profile of an intravenously injected peptide, increase the cellular uptake of an otherwise cell impermeable therapeutic peptide, or change peptide substrate activity entirely. Moreover, in addition to the sequence-controlled peptides (generated by solid phase synthesis), the polymer can carry its own sequence-dependent information, especially through living polymerization strategies allowing well-defined blocks and terminal labels (e.g., dyes, contrast agents, charged moieties). Hence, the two elements, peptide and polymer, cooperate to yield materials with unique function and properties quite apart from each alone. Herein, we describe the development of synthetic strategies for accessing these classes of biomolecule polymer conjugates. We discuss the utility of poly(peptide)-based materials in a range of biomedical applications, including imaging of diseased tissues (myocardial infarction and cancer), delivering small molecule drugs to tumors with high specificity, imparting cell permeability to otherwise impermeable peptides, protecting bioactive peptides from proteolysis in harsh conditions (e.g., stomach acid and whole blood), and transporting proteins into traditionally difficult-to-transfect cell types, including stem cells. Poly(peptide) materials offer new properties to both the constituent peptides and to the polymers, which can be tuned by the design of the oligopeptide sequence, degree of polymerization, peptide arrangement on the polymer backbone, and polymer backbone chemistry. These properties establish this approach as valuable for the development of peptides as medicines and materials in a range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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80
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Moncalvo F, Martinez Espinoza MI, Cellesi F. Nanosized Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Proteins: Clinically Validated Technologies and Advanced Development Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:89. [PMID: 32117952 PMCID: PMC7033645 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of protein therapeutics in healthcare is steadily increasing, due to advancements in the field of biotechnology and a deeper understanding of several pathologies. However, their safety and efficacy are often limited by instability, short half-life and immunogenicity. Nanodelivery systems are currently being investigated for overcoming these limitations and include covalent attachment of biocompatible polymers (PEG and other synthetic or naturally derived macromolecules) as well as protein nanoencapsulation in colloidal systems (liposomes and other lipid or polymeric nanocarriers). Such strategies have the potential to develop next-generation protein therapeutics. Herein, we review recent research progresses on these nanodelivery approaches, as well as future directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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81
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Vasey CE, Pearce AK, Sodano F, Cavanagh R, Abelha T, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Anane-Adjei AB, Ashford M, Gellert P, Taresco V, Alexander C. Amphiphilic tri- and tetra-block co-polymers combining versatile functionality with facile assembly into cytocompatible nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3832-3845. [PMID: 31286122 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00667b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In order for synthetic polymers to find widespread practical application as biomaterials, their syntheses must be easy to perform, utilising freely available building blocks, and should generate products which have no adverse effects on cells or tissue. In addition, it is highly desirable that the synthesis platform for the biomaterials can be adapted to generate polymers with a range of physical properties and macromolecular architectures, and with multiple functional handles to allow derivatisation with 'actives' for sensing or therapy. Here we describe the syntheses of amphiphilic tri- and tetra-block copolymers, using diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-5-ene (DBU) as a metal-free catalyst for ring-opening polymerisations of the widely-utilised monomer lactide combined with a functionalised protected cyclic carbonate. These syntheses employed PEGylated macroinitiators with varying chain lengths and architectures, as well as a labile-ester methacrylate initiator, and produced block copolymers with good control over monomer incorporation, molar masses, side-chain and terminal functionality and physico-chemical properties. Regardless of the nature of the initiators, the fidelity of the hydroxyl end group was maintained as confirmed by a second ROP chain extension step, and polymers with acryloyl/methacryloyl termini were able to undergo a second tandem reaction step, in particular thiol-ene click and RAFT polymerisations for the production of hyperbranched materials. Furthermore, the polymer side-chain functionalities could be easily deprotected to yield an active amine which could be subsequently coupled to a drug molecule in good yields. The resultant amphiphilic copolymers formed a range of unimolecular or kinetically-trapped micellar-like nanoparticles in aqueous environments, and the non-cationic polymers were all well-tolerated by MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The rapid and facile route to such highly adaptable polymers, as demonstrated here, offers promise for a range of bio materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Vasey
- School of Pharmacy, University Park University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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82
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Zhuang J, Zhao B, Meng X, Schiffman JD, Perry SL, Vachet RW, Thayumanavan S. A programmable chemical switch based on triggerable Michael acceptors. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2103-2111. [PMID: 34123298 PMCID: PMC8150097 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an engineerable chemical reaction that is triggerable for simultaneous chemical bond formation and cleavage by external cues offers tunability and orthogonality which is highly desired in many biological and materials applications. Here, we present a chemical switch that concurrently captures these features in response to chemically and biologically abundant and important cues, viz., thiols and amines. This thiol/amine-triggerable chemical switch is based on a Triggerable Michael Acceptor (TMAc) which bears good leaving groups at its β-position. The acceptor undergoes a "trigger-to-release" process where thiol/amine addition triggers cascaded release of leaving groups and generates a less activated acceptor. The newly generated TMAc can be further reversed to liberate the original thiol/amine by a second nucleophile trigger through a "trigger-to-reverse" process. Within the small molecular volume of the switch, we have shown five locations that can be engineered to achieve tunable "trigger-to-release" kinetics and tailored reversibility. The potential of the engineerable bonding/debonding capability of the chemical switch is demonstrated by applications in cysteine-selective and reversible protein modification, universal self-immolative linkers, and orthogonally addressable hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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83
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Dovgan I, Hentz A, Koniev O, Ehkirch A, Hessmann S, Ursuegui S, Delacroix S, Riomet M, Taran F, Cianférani S, Kolodych S, Wagner A. Automated linkage of proteins and payloads producing monodisperse conjugates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1210-1215. [PMID: 34123245 PMCID: PMC8148077 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled protein functionalization holds great promise for a wide variety of applications. However, despite intensive research, the stoichiometry of the functionalization reaction remains difficult to control due to the inherent stochasticity of the conjugation process. Classical approaches that exploit peculiar structural features of specific protein substrates, or introduce reactive handles via mutagenesis, are by essence limited in scope or require substantial protein reengineering. We herein present equimolar native chemical tagging (ENACT), which precisely controls the stoichiometry of inherently random conjugation reactions by combining iterative low-conversion chemical modification, process automation, and bioorthogonal trans-tagging. We discuss the broad applicability of this conjugation process to a variety of protein substrates and payloads. Controlled protein functionalization holds great promise for a wide variety of applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Dovgan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, UMR 7199, LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg France
| | - Alexandre Hentz
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, UMR 7199, LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg France
| | - Oleksandr Koniev
- Syndivia SAS 650 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Anthony Ehkirch
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Steve Hessmann
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Sylvain Ursuegui
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, UMR 7199, LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg France
| | | | - Margaux Riomet
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF/JOLIOT - CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF/JOLIOT - CEA, Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Sergii Kolodych
- Syndivia SAS 650 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Alain Wagner
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, UMR 7199, LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg France
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84
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Messina MS, Messina KMM, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery HR, Maynard HD. Preparation of Biomolecule-Polymer Conjugates by Grafting-From Using ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 100:101186. [PMID: 32863465 PMCID: PMC7453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-polymer conjugates are constructs that take advantage of the functional or otherwise beneficial traits inherent to biomolecules and combine them with synthetic polymers possessing specially tailored properties. The rapid development of novel biomolecule-polymer conjugates based on proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids has ushered in a variety of unique materials, which exhibit functional attributes including thermo-responsiveness, exceptional stability, and specialized specificity. Key to the synthesis of new biomolecule-polymer hybrids is the use of controlled polymerization techniques coupled with either grafting-from, grafting-to, or grafting-through methodology, each of which exhibit distinct advantages and/or disadvantages. In this review, we present recent progress in the development of biomolecule-polymer conjugates with a focus on works that have detailed the use of grafting-from methods employing ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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85
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Bao C, Xu X, Chen J, Zhang Q. Synthesis of biodegradable protein–poly(ε-caprolactone) conjugates via enzymatic ring opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01464k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipase–poly(HEAA) conjugates act as initiators and catalysts simultaneously for the eROP of ε-CL, forming biodegradable conjugates with amphiphilic graft copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
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86
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Yang C, Gao L, Shao M, Cai C, Wang L, Chen Y, Li J, Fan F, Han Y, Liu M, Linhardt RJ, Yu G. End-functionalised glycopolymers as glycosaminoglycan mimetics inhibit HeLa cell proliferation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel glycopeptide mimetic, prepared by end-functionalised conjugation of iRGD peptide on a glycopolymer, could effectively enter HeLa cells and inhibit signalling pathways involved in tumour cell proliferation.
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87
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Baker SL, Kaupbayeva B, Lathwal S, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Biorelated Hybrid Materials. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4272-4298. [PMID: 31738532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipid vesicles, and carbohydrates are the major classes of biomacromolecules that function to sustain life. Biology also uses post-translation modification to increase the diversity and functionality of these materials, which has inspired attaching various other types of polymers to biomacromolecules. These polymers can be naturally (carbohydrates and biomimetic polymers) or synthetically derived and have unique properties with tunable architectures. Polymers are either grafted-to or grown-from the biomacromolecule's surface, and characteristics including polymer molar mass, grafting density, and degree of branching can be controlled by changing reaction stoichiometries. The resultant conjugated products display a chimerism of properties such as polymer-induced enhancement in stability with maintained bioactivity, and while polymers are most often conjugated to proteins, they are starting to be attached to nucleic acids and lipid membranes (cells) as well. The fundamental studies with protein-polymer conjugates have improved our synthetic approaches, characterization techniques, and understanding of structure-function relationships that will lay the groundwork for creating new conjugated biomacromolecular products which could lead to breakthroughs in genetic and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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88
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Song Q, Yang J, Hall SCL, Gurnani P, Perrier S. Pyridyl Disulfide Reaction Chemistry: An Efficient Strategy toward Redox-Responsive Cyclic Peptide-Polymer Conjugates. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1347-1352. [PMID: 35651166 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates are capable of self-assembling into supramolecular polymeric nanotubes driven by the strong multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between the cyclic peptides. In this study, we have engineered responsive nanotubes by introducing a cleavable bond that responds to a reductant utilizing pyridyl disulfide reaction chemistry. Reactions between a cysteine containing cyclic peptide (CP-SH) and pyridyl disulfide containing polymers were initially studied, leading to the quantitative formation of cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates. An asymmetric cyclic peptide-polymer conjugate (PEG-CP-S-S-pPEGA) was then synthesized via orthogonal pyridyl disulfide reaction chemistry and NHS coupling chemistry. The disulfide linker formed by the pyridyl disulfide reaction chemistry was then selectively reduced to thiols in the presence of a reductant, enabling the transition of the conjugates from nonassembling unimers to self-assembled supramolecular polymeric nanotubes. It is anticipated that the pyridyl disulfide reaction chemistry will not only enrich the methodology toward the synthesis of cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates, but also lead to the construction of a new family of redox-responsive cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates and supramolecular polymeric nanotubes with tailored structures and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. L. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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89
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Pokorski JK, Hore MJ. Structural characterization of protein–polymer conjugates for biomedical applications with small-angle scattering. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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