51
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Stein BD, Calzolari D, Hellberg K, Hu YS, He L, Hung CM, Toyama EQ, Ross DS, Lillemeier BF, Cantley LC, Yates JR, Shaw RJ. Quantitative In Vivo Proteomics of Metformin Response in Liver Reveals AMPK-Dependent and -Independent Signaling Networks. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3331-3348.e7. [PMID: 31801093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the front-line treatment for type 2 diabetes worldwide. It acts via effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolic tissues, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity. Despite significant effort, the molecular basis for metformin response remains poorly understood, with a limited number of specific biochemical pathways studied to date. To broaden our understanding of hepatic metformin response, we combine phospho-protein enrichment in tissue from genetically engineered mice with a quantitative proteomics platform to enable the discovery and quantification of basophilic kinase substrates in vivo. We define proteins whose binding to 14-3-3 are acutely regulated by metformin treatment and/or loss of the serine/threonine kinase, LKB1. Inducible binding of 250 proteins following metformin treatment is observed, 44% of which proteins bind in a manner requiring LKB1. Beyond AMPK, metformin activates protein kinase D and MAPKAPK2 in an LKB1-independent manner, revealing additional kinases that may mediate aspects of metformin response. Deeper analysis uncovered substrates of AMPK in endocytosis and calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Diego Calzolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ying S Hu
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lin He
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chien-Min Hung
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erin Q Toyama
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Debbie S Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Björn F Lillemeier
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Immunization with a Recombinant Protein of Trichinella britovi 14-3-3 Triggers an Immune Response but No Protection in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030515. [PMID: 32916868 PMCID: PMC7564242 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are present in all eukaryotic organisms and are ubiquitously expressed in a broad range of tissues and cellular compartments. They are regulatory adapter proteins that play key roles in a variety of signaling pathways, and have been proposed as suitable targets for the control and detection of certain parasites. Trichinella britovi is a widely-distributed parasitic nematode, transmitted through ingestion of meat products containing invasive larvae. The present study describes the cloning and expression of Tb14-3-3, and investigates the immunological and protective potential of the recombinant protein. Immunization of mice with rTb14-3-3 triggered an IgG response, and significant differences, in the profiles of secreted cytokines observed in vitro, between experimental groups. Nonetheless, neither specific antibodies, nor increased secretion of IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines, conferred greater protection against infection. No reduction in larval burden was observed during recovery at 48 dpi. Additionally, rTb14-3-3 was not recognized by sera from the infected control mice, except for one, suggesting some mismatch between native and recombinant Tb14-3-3 antigenic sites. Therefore, before 14-3-3 can be considered a potential tool for Trichinella detection and vaccination, more research regarding its target proteins, and actual specific function, is needed.
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Menzel J, Kownatzki-Danger D, Tokar S, Ballone A, Unthan-Fechner K, Kilisch M, Lenz C, Urlaub H, Mori M, Ottmann C, Shattock MJ, Lehnart SE, Schwappach B. 14-3-3 binding creates a memory of kinase action by stabilizing the modified state of phospholamban. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/647/eaaz1436. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac membrane protein phospholamban (PLN) is targeted by protein kinase A (PKA) at Ser16and by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) at Thr17. β-Adrenergic stimulation and PKA-dependent phosphorylation of Ser16acutely stimulate the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) by relieving its inhibition by PLN. CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation may lead to longer-lasting SERCA stimulation and may sustain maladaptive Ca2+handling. Here, we demonstrated that phosphorylation at either Ser16or Thr17converted PLN into a target for the phosphoadaptor protein 14-3-3 with different affinities. 14-3-3 proteins were localized within nanometers of PLN and endogenous 14-3-3 coimmunoprecipitated with pentameric PLN from cardiac membranes. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted different molecular contacts for peptides phosphorylated at Ser16or Thr17with the binding groove of 14-3-3, resulting in varied binding affinities. 14-3-3 binding protected either PLN phosphosite from dephosphorylation. β-Adrenergic stimulation of isolated adult cardiomyocytes resulted in the membrane recruitment of endogenous 14-3-3. The exogenous addition of 14-3-3 to β-adrenergic–stimulated cardiomyocytes led to prolonged SERCA activation, presumably because 14-3-3 protected PLN pentamers from dephosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Ser16was disrupted by the cardiomyopathy-associated ∆Arg14mutation, implying that phosphorylation of Thr17by CaMKII may become crucial for 14-3-3 recruitment to ∆Arg14PLN. Consistent with PLN acting as a dynamic hub in the control of Ca2+handling, our results identify 14-3-3 binding to PLN as a contractility-augmenting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Menzel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kownatzki-Danger
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 42a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergiy Tokar
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE17H, UK
| | - Alice Ballone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Unthan-Fechner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kilisch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE17H, UK
| | - Stephan E. Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 42a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Ma A, Wang X, Sun Z, Cui W, Yuan C, Zhu C. Molecular characterization, expression analysis of 14-3-3 beta/alpha and the effect of RNA interference on ion transporter protein Na+-K+-ATPase, Na+–H+-exchanger and CFTR in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 246-247:110458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhu J, Wang H, Huang YQ, Song W, Li YF, Wang WJ, Ding ZL. Comprehensive analysis of a long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in glioma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:63. [PMID: 32863896 PMCID: PMC7436175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), interacting with microRNAs (miRNAs) and playing an important role in tumor progression. However, the role of lncRNA-mediated ceRNAs in glioma remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to identify novel lncRNAs and their associated function in glioma. RNA sequencing and corresponding clinical data from patients with glioma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A total of 598 glioma tissues and 5 normal brain tissues were analyzed in the present study. The differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were identified using R packages and were used to construct a ceRNA network. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to investigate the biological functions of the DEmRNAs. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was performed to investigate the association between DElncRNA expression and patient outcome. A total of 752 DElncRNAs, 2,079 DEmRNAs and 113 DEmiRNAs were identified between glioma and normal tissues. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network consisting of 61 lncRNAs, 12 miRNAs and 92 mRNAs was constructed. Survival analysis indicated that 36 DElncRNAs, 72 DEmRNAs and 3 DEmiRNAs were associated with overall survival in patients with glioma. The present study identified novel lncRNAs associated with survival prognosis and may facilitate further investigation of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory mechanisms in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining Cancer Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
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Transcriptional regulatory proteins in central carbon metabolism of Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7273-7311. [PMID: 32651601 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
System-wide interactions in living cells and discovery of the diverse roles of transcriptional regulatory proteins that are mediator proteins with catalytic domains and regulatory subunits and transcription factors in the cellular pathways have become crucial for understanding the cellular response to environmental conditions. This review provides information for future metabolic engineering strategies through analyses on the highly interconnected regulatory networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris and identifying their components. We discuss the current knowledge on the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mechanism, interconnecting regulatory system of the central metabolic pathways that regulate cell metabolism based on nutrient availability in the industrial yeasts. The regulatory proteins and their functions in the CCR signalling pathways in both yeasts are presented and discussed. We highlight the importance of metabolic signalling networks by signifying ways on how effective engineering strategies can be designed for generating novel regulatory circuits, furthermore to activate pathways that reconfigure the network architecture. We summarize the evidence that engineering of multilayer regulation is needed for directed evolution of the cellular network by putting the transcriptional control into a new perspective for the regulation of central carbon metabolism of the industrial yeasts; furthermore, we suggest research directions that may help to enhance production of recombinant products in the widely used, creatively engineered, but relatively less studied P. pastoris through de novo metabolic engineering strategies based on the discovery of components of signalling pathways in CCR metabolism. KEY POINTS: • Transcriptional regulation and control is the key phenomenon in the cellular processes. • Designing de novo metabolic engineering strategies depends on the discovery of signalling pathways in CCR metabolism. • Crosstalk between pathways occurs through essential parts of transcriptional machinery connected to specific catalytic domains. • In S. cerevisiae, a major part of CCR metabolism is controlled through Snf1 kinase, Glc7 phosphatase, and Srb10 kinase. • In P. pastoris, signalling pathways in CCR metabolism have not yet been clearly known yet. • Cellular regulations on the transcription of promoters are controlled with carbon sources.
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Iralde-Lorente L, Tassone G, Clementi L, Franci L, Munier CC, Cau Y, Mori M, Chiariello M, Angelucci A, Perry MWD, Pozzi C, Mangani S, Botta M. Identification of Phosphate-Containing Compounds as New Inhibitors of 14-3-3/c-Abl Protein-Protein Interaction. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1026-1035. [PMID: 32142251 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3/c-Abl protein-protein interaction (PPI) is related to carcinogenesis and in particular to pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previous studies have demonstrated that molecules able to disrupt this interaction improve the nuclear translocation of c-Abl, inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. Through an X-ray crystallography screening program, we have identified two phosphate-containing compounds, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), as binders of human 14-3-3σ, by targeting the protein amphipathic groove. Interestingly, they also act as weak inhibitors of the 14-3-3/c-Abl PPI, demonstrated by NMR, SPR, and FP data. A 37-compound library of PLP and IMP analogues was investigated using a FP assay, leading to the identification of three further molecules acting as weak inhibitors of the 14-3-3/c-Abl complex formation. The antiproliferative activity of IMP, PLP, and the three derivatives was tested against K-562 cells, showing that the parent compounds had the most pronounced effect on tumor cells. PLP and IMP were also effective in promoting the c-Abl nuclear translocation in c-Abl overexpressing cells. Further, these compounds demonstrated low cytotoxicity on human Hs27 fibroblasts. In conclusion, our data suggest that 14-3-3σ targeting compounds represent promising hits for further development of drugs against c-Abl-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Iralde-Lorente
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giusy Tassone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Clementi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche − Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2 53100 Siena, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claire C Munier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Ylenia Cau
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Pozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Kang JB, Lee SY, Park DJ, Koh PO. Decrease of 14-3-3 proteins by glutamate exposure in the cerebral cortex of newborn rats. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:8. [PMID: 32257920 PMCID: PMC7119159 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is a representative excitatory neurotransmitter. However, excessive glutamate exposure causes neuronal cell damage by generating neuronal excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity in neonates caused by glutamate treatment induces neurological deficits in adults. The 14-3-3 family proteins are conserved proteins that are expressed ubiquitously in a variety of tissues. These proteins contribute to cellular processes, including signal transduction, protein synthesis, and cell cycle control. We proposed that glutamate induces neuronal cell damage by regulating 14-3-3 protein expression in newborn animals. In this study, we investigated the histopathological changes and 14-3-3 proteins expressions as a result of glutamate exposure in the neonatal cerebral cortex. Rat pups at post-natal day 7 were intraperitoneally administrated with vehicle or glutamate (10 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 4 h after treatment, and brain tissues were fixed for histological study. Cerebral cortices were isolated and frozen for proteomic study. We observed serious histopathological damages including shrunken dendrites and atypical neurons in glutamate-treated cerebral cortices. In addition, we identified that 14-3-3 family proteins decreased in glutamate-exposed cerebral cortices using a proteomic approach. Moreover, Western blot analysis provided results that glutamate treatment in neonates decreased 14-3-3 family proteins expressions, including the β/α, ζ/δ, γ, ε, τ, and η isoforms. 14-3-3 proteins are involved in signal transduction, metabolism, and anti-apoptotic functions. Thus, our findings suggest that glutamate induces neonatal neuronal cell damage by modulating 14-3-3 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828 South Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828 South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828 South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828 South Korea
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Effect of Arginine on Chaperone-Like Activity of HspB6 and Monomeric 14-3-3ζ. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062039. [PMID: 32188159 PMCID: PMC7139691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of protein chaperones HspB6 and the monomeric form of the protein 14-3-3ζ (14-3-3ζm) on a test system based on thermal aggregation of UV-irradiated glycogen phosphorylase b (UV-Phb) at 37 °C and a constant ionic strength (0.15 M) was studied using dynamic light scattering. A significant increase in the anti-aggregation activity of HspB6 and 14-3-3ζm was demonstrated in the presence of 0.1 M arginine (Arg). To compare the effects of these chaperones on UV-Phb aggregation, the values of initial stoichiometry of the chaperone-target protein complex (S0) were used. The analysis of the S0 values shows that in the presence of Arg fewer chaperone subunits are needed to completely prevent aggregation of the UV-Phb subunit. The changes in the structures of HspB6 and 14-3-3ζm induced by binding of Arg were evaluated by the fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was suggested that Arg caused conformational changes in chaperone molecules, which led to a decrease in the thermal stability of protein chaperones and their destabilization.
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60
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Kundu A, Shelar S, Ghosh AP, Ballestas M, Kirkman R, Nam H, Brinkley GJ, Karki S, Mobley JA, Bae S, Varambally S, Sudarshan S. 14-3-3 proteins protect AMPK-phosphorylated ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) from PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1754-1766. [PMID: 31901078 PMCID: PMC7008385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) is a member of the methylcytosine dioxygenase family of enzymes and has been implicated in cancer and aging because of its role as a global epigenetic modifier. TET2 has a large N-terminal domain and a catalytic C-terminal region. Previous reports have demonstrated that the TET2 catalytic domain remains active independently of the N-terminal domain. As such, the function of the N terminus of this large protein remains poorly characterized. Here, using yeast two-hybrid screening, co-immunoprecipitation, and several biochemical assays, we found that several isoforms of the 14-3-3 family of proteins bind TET2. 14-3-3 proteins bound TET2 when it was phosphorylated at Ser-99. In particular, we observed that AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-99 promotes TET2 stability and increases global DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels. The interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with TET2 protected the Ser-99 phosphorylation, and disruption of this interaction both reduced TET2 phosphorylation and decreased TET2 stability. Furthermore, we noted that protein phosphatase 2A can interact with TET2 and dephosphorylate Ser-99. Collectively, these results provide detailed insights into the role of the TET2 N-terminal domain in TET2 regulation. Moreover, they reveal the dynamic nature of TET2 protein regulation that could have therapeutic implications for disease states resulting from reduced TET2 levels or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Kundu
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Sandeep Shelar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Arindam P Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Mary Ballestas
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Richard Kirkman
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Hyeyoung Nam
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | | | - Suman Karki
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Sejong Bae
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | | | - Sunil Sudarshan
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35233.
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61
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Gan Y, Ye F, He XX. The role of YWHAZ in cancer: A maze of opportunities and challenges. J Cancer 2020; 11:2252-2264. [PMID: 32127952 PMCID: PMC7052942 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
YWHAZ (also named 14-3-3ζ) is a central hub protein for many signal transduction pathways and plays a significant role in tumor progression. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that YWHAZ is frequently up-regulated in multiple types of cancers and acts as an oncogene in a wide range of cell activities including cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Moreover, YWHAZ was reported to be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) or long non-coding RNAs and exerted its malignant functions by targeting downstream molecules like protein kinase, apoptosis proteins, and metastasis-related molecules. Additionally, YWHAZ may be a potential biomarker of diagnosis, prognosis and chemoresistance in several cancers. Targeting YWHAZ by siRNA, shRNA or miRNA was reported to have great help in suppressing malignant properties of cancer cells. In this review, we perform literature and bioinformatics analysis to reveal the oncogenic role and molecular mechanism of YWHAZ in cancer, and discuss the potential clinical applications of YWHAZ concerning diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gan
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Xing He
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kuusk A, Neves JF, Bravo-Rodriguez K, Gunnarsson A, Ruiz-Blanco YB, Ehrmann M, Chen H, Landrieu I, Sanchez-Garcia E, Boyd H, Ottmann C, Doveston RG. Adoption of a Turn Conformation Drives the Binding Affinity of p53 C-Terminal Domain Peptides to 14-3-3σ. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:262-271. [PMID: 31742997 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the adapter protein 14-3-3σ and transcription factor p53 is important for preserving the tumor-suppressor functions of p53 in the cell. A phosphorylated motif within the C-terminal domain (CTD) of p53 is key for binding to the amphipathic groove of 14-3-3. This motif is unique among 14-3-3 binding partners, and the precise dynamics of the interaction is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigate this interaction at the molecular level by analyzing the binding of different length p53 CTD peptides to 14-3-3σ using ITC, SPR, NMR, and MD simulations. We observed that the propensity of the p53 peptide to adopt turn-like conformation plays an important role in the binding to the 14-3-3σ protein. Our study contributes to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the 14-3-3-p53 binding and provides useful insight into how conformation properties of a ligand influence protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ave Kuusk
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongming Chen
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology Centre, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Helen Boyd
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
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63
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Li X, Sanagi M, Lu Y, Nomura Y, Stolze SC, Yasuda S, Saijo Y, Schulze WX, Feil R, Stitt M, Lunn JE, Nakagami H, Sato T, Yamaguchi J. Protein Phosphorylation Dynamics Under Carbon/Nitrogen-Nutrient Stress and Identification of a Cell Death-Related Receptor-Like Kinase in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:377. [PMID: 32308664 PMCID: PMC7145971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability, in particular the availability of sugar [carbon (C)] and nitrogen (N), is important for the regulation of plant metabolism and development. In addition to independent utilization of C and N nutrients, plants sense and respond to the balance of C and N nutrients (C/N-nutrient) available to them. High C/low N-nutrient stress has been shown to arrest early post-germinative growth while promoting progression to senescence in Arabidopsis. Although several signaling components of the C/N-nutrient response have been identified, the inclusive molecular basis of plant C/N-nutrient response remains unclear. This proteome analysis evaluated phosphorylation dynamics in response to high C/low N-nutrient stress. Phosphoproteomics under conditions of C/N-nutrient stress showed a global change in the phosphorylation status of proteins, including plasma membrane H+-ATPase, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes and signaling proteins such as protein kinases and transcription factors. Further analyses suggested that SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is involved in primary C/N-nutrient signal mediation via the transcriptional regulation of C/N-regulatory kinases. We also identified a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase with extracellular malectin-like domain, named as LMK1, which was shown to possess cell death induction activity in plant leaves. These results provide important insight into the C/N-nutrient signaling pathways connecting nutrition stress to various cellular and physiological processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Li
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Sanagi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Lu
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nomura
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Shigetaka Yasuda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Waltraud X. Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - John E. Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hirofumi Nakagami,
| | - Takeo Sato
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Takeo Sato,
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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64
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Weeber F, Becher A, Seibold T, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Concerted regulation of actin polymerization during constitutive secretion by cortactin and PKD2. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.232355. [PMID: 31727638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive secretion from the trans-Golgi-network (TGN) is facilitated by a concerted regulation of vesicle biogenesis and fission processes. The protein kinase D family (PKD) has been previously described to enhance vesicle fission by modifying the lipid environment. PKD also phosphorylates the actin regulatory protein cortactin at S298 to impair synergistic actin polymerization. We here report additional functions for PKD2 (also known as PRKD2) and cortactin in the regulation of actin polymerization during the fission of transport carriers from the TGN. Phosphorylation of cortactin at S298 impairs the interaction between WIP (also known as WIPF1) and cortactin. WIP stabilizes the autoinhibited conformation of N-WASP (also known as WASL). This leads to an inhibition of synergistic Arp2/3-complex-dependent actin polymerization at the TGN. PKD2 activity at the TGN is controlled by active CDC42-GTP which directly activates N-WASP, inhibits PKD2 and shifts the balance to non-S298-phosphorylated cortactin, which can in turn sequester WIP from N-WASP. Consequently, synergistic actin polymerization at the TGN and constitutive secretion are enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weeber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Becher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Seibold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Davis LK. Intelligent Design of 14-3-3 Docking Proteins Utilizing Synthetic Evolution Artificial Intelligence (SYN-AI). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18948-18960. [PMID: 31763516 PMCID: PMC6868599 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to write DNA code from scratch will allow for the discovery of new and interesting chemistries as well as allowing the rewiring of cell signal pathways. Herein, we have utilized synthetic evolution artificial intelligence (SYN-AI) to intelligently design a set of 14-3-3 docking genes. SYN-AI engineers synthetic genes utilizing a parental gene as an evolution template. Wherein, evolution is fast-forwarded by transforming template gene sequences to DNA secondary and tertiary codes based upon gene hierarchical structural levels. The DNA secondary code allows identification of genomic building blocks across an orthologous sequence space comprising multiple genomes. Where, the DNA tertiary code allows engineering of supersecondary structures. SYN-AI constructed a library of 10 million genes that was reduced to three structurally functional 14-3-3 docking genes by applying natural selection protocols. Synthetic protein identity was verified utilizing Clustal Omega sequence alignments and Phylogeny.fr phylogenetic analysis. Wherein, we were able to confirm the three-dimensional structure utilizing I-TASSER and protein-ligand interactions utilizing COACH and Cofactor. The conservation of allosteric communications was confirmed utilizing elastic and anisotropic network models. Whereby, we utilized elNemo and ANM2.1 to confirm conservation of the 14-3-3 ζ amphipathic groove. Notably, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first 14-3-3 docking genes to be written from scratch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy K. Davis
- Prairie
View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center (CARC), 700 University Drive, Prairie
View, Texas 77446-0518, United States
- Gene
Evolution Project, LLC, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70835, United States
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Immune Competence in Hemolymph of Bombyx mori Pupa Parasitized by Silkworm Maggot Exorista sorbillans. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10110413. [PMID: 31752209 PMCID: PMC6920964 DOI: 10.3390/insects10110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm maggot, Exoristasorbillans, is a well-known larval endoparasitoid of the silkworm Bombyxmori that causes considerable damage to the silkworm cocoon crop. To gain insights into the response mechanism of the silkworm at the protein level, we applied a comparative proteomic approach to investigate proteomic differences in the hemolymph of the female silkworm pupae parasitized by E. sorbillans. In total, 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were successfully identified, of which 36 proteins were upregulated and 14 proteins were downregulated in response to parasitoid infection. These proteins are mainly involved in disease, energy metabolism, signaling pathways, and amino acid metabolism. Eight innate immune proteins were distinctly upregulated to resist maggot parasitism. Apoptosis-related proteins of cathepsin B and 14-3-3 zeta were significantly downregulated in E. sorbillans-parasitized silkworm pupae; their downregulation induces apoptosis. Quantitative PCR was used to further verify gene transcription of five DEPs, and the results are consistent at the transcriptional and proteomic levels. This was the first report on identification of possible proteins from the E. bombycis-parasitized silkworms at the late stage of parasitism, which contributes to furthering our understanding of the response mechanism of silkworms to parasitism and dipteran parasitoid biology.
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Eisa AA, De S, Detwiler A, Gilker E, Ignatious AC, Vijayaraghavan S, Kline D. YWHA (14-3-3) protein isoforms and their interactions with CDC25B phosphatase in mouse oogenesis and oocyte maturation. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:20. [PMID: 31640562 PMCID: PMC6805688 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Immature mammalian oocytes are held arrested at prophase I of meiosis by an inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Release from this meiotic arrest and germinal vesicle breakdown is dependent on dephosphorylation of CDK1 by the protein, cell cycle division 25B (CDC25B). Evidence suggests that phosphorylated CDC25B is bound to YWHA (14-3-3) proteins in the cytoplasm of immature oocytes and is thus maintained in an inactive form. The importance of YWHA in meiosis demands additional studies. Results Messenger RNA for multiple isoforms of the YWHA protein family was detected in mouse oocytes and eggs. All seven mammalian YWHA isoforms previously reported to be expressed in mouse oocytes, were found to interact with CDC25B as evidenced by in situ proximity ligation assays. Interaction of YWHAH with CDC25B was indicated by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy. Intracytoplasmic microinjection of oocytes with R18, a known, synthetic, non-isoform-specific, YWHA-blocking peptide promoted germinal vesicle breakdown. This suggests that inhibiting the interactions between YWHA proteins and their binding partners releases the oocyte from meiotic arrest. Microinjection of isoform-specific, translation-blocking morpholino oligonucleotides to knockdown or downregulate YWHA protein synthesis in oocytes suggested a role for a specific YWHA isoform in maintaining the meiotic arrest. More definitively however, and in contrast to the knockdown experiments, oocyte-specific and global deletion of two isoforms of YWHA, YWHAH (14-3-3 eta) or YWHAE (14-3-3 epsilon) indicated that the complete absence of either or both isoforms does not alter oocyte development and release from the meiotic prophase I arrest. Conclusions Multiple isoforms of the YWHA protein are expressed in mouse oocytes and eggs and interact with the cell cycle protein CDC25B, but YWHAH and YWHAE isoforms are not essential for normal mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Eisa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 22422, USA
| | - Santanu De
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Ariana Detwiler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eva Gilker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas Kline
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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Ghorbani S, Szigetvari PD, Haavik J, Kleppe R. Serine 19 phosphorylation and 14‐3‐3 binding regulate phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase on serine 31 and serine 40. J Neurochem 2019; 152:29-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ghorbani
- Department of Biomedicine K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Peter D. Szigetvari
- Department of Biomedicine K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Computational Biology Unit Department of Informatics University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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Okekeogbu IO, Aryal UK, Fernández-Niño SMG, Penning BW, Heazlewood JL, McCann MC, Carpita NC. Differential distributions of trafficking and signaling proteins of the maize ER-Golgi apparatus. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1672513. [PMID: 31564200 PMCID: PMC6866702 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1672513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-Golgi apparatus of plants is the site of synthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides that then traffic to the cell wall. A two-step protocol of flotation centrifugation followed by free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) resolved ER and Golgi proteins into three profiles: an ER-rich fraction, two Golgi-rich fractions, and an intermediate fraction enriched in cellulose synthases. Nearly three dozen Rab-like proteins of eight different subgroups were distributed differentially in ER- vs. Golgi-rich fractions, whereas seven 14-3-3 proteins co-fractionated with cellulose synthases in the intermediate fraction. FFE offers a powerful means to classify resident and transient proteins in cell-free assays of cellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna O. Okekeogbu
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Biosciences Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Bryan W. Penning
- USDA-ARS, Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Joshua L. Heazlewood
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Maureen C. McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Carpita
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Törnroth-Horsefield S. Phosphorylation of human AQP2 and its role in trafficking. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 112:95-117. [PMID: 32061351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is a membrane-bound water channel found in the kidney collecting duct whose regulation by trafficking plays a key role in regulating urine volume. AQP2 trafficking is tightly controlled by the pituitary hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), which stimulates translocation of AQP2 residing in storage vesicles to the apical membrane. The AVP-dependent translocation of AQP2 to and from the apical membrane is controlled by multiple phosphorylation sites in the AQP2 C-terminus, the phosphorylation of which alters its affinity to proteins within the cellular membrane protein trafficking machinery. The aim of this chapter is to provide a summary of what is currently known about AVP-mediated AQP2 trafficking, dissecting the roles of individual phosphorylation sites, kinases and phosphatases and interacting proteins. From this, the picture of an immensely complex process emerges, of which many structural and molecular details remains to be elucidated.
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Crosstalk between 14-3-3θ and AF4 enhances MLL-AF4 activity and promotes leukemia cell proliferation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:829-845. [PMID: 31493143 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The t(4;11)(q21;q23) translocation characterizes a form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a poor prognosis. It results in a fusion gene encoding a chimeric transcription factor, MLL-AF4, that deregulates gene expression through a variety of still controversial mechanisms. To provide new insights into these mechanisms, we examined the interaction between AF4, the most common MLL fusion partner, and the scaffold protein 14-3-3θ, in the context of t(4;11)-positive leukemia. METHODS Protein-protein interactions were analyzed using immunoprecipitation and in vitro binding assays, and by fluorescence microscopy in t(4;11)-positive RS4;11 and MV4-11 leukemia cells and in HEK293 cells. Protein and mRNA expression levels were determined by Western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. A 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine assay and an annexin V/propidium iodide assay were used to assess proliferation and apoptosis rates, respectively, in t(4;11)-positive and control cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to assess binding of 14-3-3θ and AF4 to a specific promoter element. RESULTS We found that AF4 and 14-3-3θ are nuclear interactors, that 14-3-3θ binds Ser588 of AF4 and that 14-3-3θ forms a complex with MLL-AF4. In addition, we found that in t(4;11)-positive cells, 14-3-3θ knockdown decreased the expression of MLL-AF4 target genes, induced apoptosis and hampered cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that 14-3-3θ knockdown impaired the recruitment of AF4, but not of MLL-AF4, to target chromatin. Overall, our data indicate that the activity of the chimeric transcription factor MLL-AF4 depends on the cellular availability of 14-3-3θ, which triggers the transactivating function and subsequent degradation of AF4. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that the scaffold protein 14-3-3θ enhances the aberrant activity of the chimeric transcription factor MLL-AF4 and, therefore, represents a new player in the molecular pathogenesis of t(4;11)-positive leukemia and a new promising therapeutic target.
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Xie L, Jiang T, Cheng A, Zhang T, Huang P, Li P, Wen G, Lei F, Huang Y, Tang X, Gong J, Lin Y, Kuai J, Huang W. MiR-597 Targeting 14-3-3σ Enhances Cellular Invasion and EMT in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:105-114. [PMID: 30569880 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181218113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and play an important role in the molecular mechanism of NPC. Our previous studies show low expression of 14-3-3σ (SFN) is related to the metastasis and differentiation of NPC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Through bioinformatics analysis, we find miR-597 is the preferred target miRNA of 14-3-3σ. The expression level of 14-3-3σ in NPC cell lines was detected by Western blotting. The expression of miR-597 in NPC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. We transfected miR-597 mimic, miR-597 inhibitor and 14-3-3σ siRNA into 6-10B cells and then verified the expression of 14-3-3σ and EMT related proteins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin by western blotting. The changes of migration and invasion ability of NPC cell lines before and after transfected were determined by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. RESULTS miR-597 expression was upregulated in NPC cell lines and repaired in related NPC cell lines, which exhibit a potent tumor-forming effect. After inhibiting the miR-597 expression, its effect on NPC cell line was obviously decreased. Moreover, 14-3-3σ acts as a tumor suppressor gene and its expression in NPC cell lines is negatively correlated with miR-597. Here 14-3-3σ was identified as a downstream target gene of miR-597, and its downregulation by miR-597 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes the migration and invasion of NPC. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, our study will provide theoretical and experimental evidences for molecular targeted therapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ailan Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pin Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gebo Wen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fanghong Lei
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xia Tang
- Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Lin
- Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianke Kuai
- Department of Anesthesiology of Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710018, Shanxi province, China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
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Clark AR, Ohlmeyer M. Protein phosphatase 2A as a therapeutic target in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:181-201. [PMID: 31158394 PMCID: PMC6700395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric enzyme that catalyzes the selective removal of phosphate groups from protein serine and threonine residues. Emerging evidence suggests that it functions as a tumor suppressor by constraining phosphorylation-dependent signalling pathways that regulate cellular transformation and metastasis. Therefore, PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) are being actively sought and investigated as potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Here we explore the concept that PP2A also constrains inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways, suggesting that PADs may be effective in the treatment of inflammation-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
BCOR is a gene that encodes for an epigenetic regulator involved in the specification of cell differentiation and body structure development and takes part in the noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1. This review provides a comprehensive summary of BCOR’s involvement in oncology, illustrating that various BCOR aberrations, such as the internal tandem duplications of the PCGF Ub-like fold discriminator domain and different gene fusions (mainly BCOR–CCNB3, BCOR–MAML3 and ZC3H7B–BCOR), represent driver elements of various sarcomas such as clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, primitive mesenchymal myxoid tumor of infancy, small round blue cell sarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma and histologically heterogeneous CNS neoplasms group with similar genomic methylation patterns known as CNS-HGNET-BCOR. Furthermore, other BCOR alterations (often loss of function mutations) recur in a large variety of mesenchymal, epithelial, neural and hematological tumors, suggesting a central role in cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Astolfi
- 'Giorgio Prodi' Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Fiore
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- 'Giorgio Prodi' Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore N Bertuccio
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology Unit 'Lalla Seràgnoli', S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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75
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Zhang KQ, Wen HS, Li JF, Qi X, Fan HY, Zhang XY, Tian Y, Liu Y, Wang HL, Li Y. 14-3-3 gene family in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus): Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiles after salinity stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:1-11. [PMID: 31082484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation (14-3-3) proteins are a group of highly conserved homologous and heterologous proteins involved in a wild range of physiological processes, including the regulation of many molecular phenomena under different environmental salinities. In this study, we identified eleven 14-3-3 genes from the spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) genome and transcriptomic databases and verified their identities by conducting phylogenetic, syntenic and gene structure analyses. The spotted sea bass 14-3-3 genes are highly conserved based on sequence alignment, conserved domains and motifs, and tertiary structural feature. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of 14-3-3 genes in gill of spotted sea bass under normal physiological conditions indicated that the expression level of 14-3-3 zeta was the highest among tested genes, followed by 14-3-3 theta. Furthermore, expression profiles of 14-3-3 genes in gill tissue (in vivo and in vitro) indicated that the 14-3-3 zeta and 14-3-3 theta genes were significantly induced by different environmental salinities in spotted sea bass, suggesting their potential involvement in response to salinity challenge. Our findings may lay the foundation for future functional studies on the 14-3-3 gene family in euryhaline teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Qiang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Ji-Fang Li
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Qi
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Ying Fan
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao-Long Wang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China.
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76
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Sluchanko NN, Bustos DM. Intrinsic disorder associated with 14-3-3 proteins and their partners. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 166:19-61. [PMID: 31521232 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate a variety of cellular processes and form complex networks, where connectivity is achieved owing to the "hub" proteins whose interaction with multiple protein partners is facilitated by the intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) and posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Universal regulatory proteins of the eukaryotic 14-3-3 family nicely exemplify these concepts and are the focus of this chapter. The extremely wide interactome of 14-3-3 proteins is characterized by high levels of intrinsic disorder (ID) enabling protein phosphorylation and consequent specific binding to the well-structured 14-3-3 dimers, one of the first phosphoserine/phosphothreonine binding modules discovered. However, high ID enrichment also challenges structural studies, thereby limiting the progress in the development of small molecule modulators of the key 14-3-3 PPIs of increased medical importance. Besides the well-known structural flexibility of their variable C-terminal tails, recent studies revealed the strong and conserved ID propensity hidden in the N-terminal segment of 14-3-3 proteins (~40 residues), normally forming the α-helical dimerization region, that may have a potential role for the dimer/monomer dynamics and recently reported moonlighting chaperone-like activity of these proteins. We review the role of ID in the 14-3-3 structure, their interactome, and also in selected 14-3-3 complexes. In addition, we discuss approaches that, in the future, may help minimize the disproportion between the large amount of known 14-3-3 partners and the small number of 14-3-3 complexes characterized with atomic precision, to unleash the whole potential of 14-3-3 PPIs as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Diego M Bustos
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC56, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
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77
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Hiraoka E, Mimae T, Ito M, Kadoya T, Miyata Y, Ito A, Okada M. Breast cancer cell motility is promoted by 14-3-3γ. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:581-593. [PMID: 30830684 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudopodia are actin-rich ventral protrusions associated with cell motility and cancer cell invasion. We previously applied our established method of using excimer laser cell etching to isolate pseudopodial proteins from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We later identified 14-3-3γ as an oncogenic molecule among 46 candidate proteins that are specific to pseudopodia. The present study aimed to determine the function of 14-3-3γ in the motility of breast cancer cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured on 3-µm porous membranes and double stained to localize 14-3-3γ and phalloidin in pseudopodia using confocal imaging. We assessed pseudopodia numbers and length, as well as migration and wound healing in MDA-MB-231 cells with knockdown and forced expression of 14-3-3γ to determine 14-3-3γ involvement in cell motility. We also immunohistochemically analyzed 14-3-3γ in human breast cancer tissues with high-grade lymphatic invasion. RESULTS We specifically located 14-3-3γ in pseudopodia of MDA-MB-231 cells. Knockdown and forced expression of 14-3-3γ, respectively, decreased and increased pseudopodial formation and elongation. Migration and wound healing assays also showed that 14-3-3γ knockdown and forced expression, respectively, decreased and increased the number of underside cells and acellular areas in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. More 14-3-3γ was expressed in sites of lymphatic invasion, than in the center and periphery of human breast cancer tissues. CONCLUSION The role of 14-3-3γ in breast cancer invasiveness might be to promote cell motility. Inhibition of 14-3-3γ could, therefore, become a novel target of therapy to prevent invasion and metastasis in patients with breast cancers expressing 14-3-3γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Hiraoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaoki Ito
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kadoya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Higashiōsaka, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
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78
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Elorza-Vidal X, Gaitán-Peñas H, Estévez R. Chloride Channels in Astrocytes: Structure, Roles in Brain Homeostasis and Implications in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051034. [PMID: 30818802 PMCID: PMC6429410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the CNS (central nervous system). They exert multiple functions during development and in the adult CNS that are essential for brain homeostasis. Both cation and anion channel activities have been identified in astrocytes and it is believed that they play key roles in astrocyte function. Whereas the proteins and the physiological roles assigned to cation channels are becoming very clear, the study of astrocytic chloride channels is in its early stages. In recent years, we have moved from the identification of chloride channel activities present in astrocyte primary culture to the identification of the proteins involved in these activities, the determination of their 3D structure and attempts to gain insights about their physiological role. Here, we review the recent findings related to the main chloride channels identified in astrocytes: the voltage-dependent ClC-2, the calcium-activated bestrophin, the volume-activated VRAC (volume-regulated anion channel) and the stress-activated Maxi-Cl−. We discuss key aspects of channel biophysics and structure with a focus on their role in glial physiology and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Elorza-Vidal
- Unitat de Fisiologia, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL-Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en red de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Héctor Gaitán-Peñas
- Unitat de Fisiologia, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL-Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en red de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Estévez
- Unitat de Fisiologia, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL-Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en red de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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79
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Papanikolopoulou K, Grammenoudi S, Samiotaki M, Skoulakis EMC. Differential effects of 14-3-3 dimers on Tau phosphorylation, stability and toxicity in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2244-2261. [PMID: 29659825 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias collectively known as Tauopathies involve aberrant phosphorylation and aggregation of the neuronal protein Tau. The largely neuronal 14-3-3 proteins are also elevated in the central nervous system (CNS) and cerebrospinal fluid of Tauopathy patients, suggesting functional linkage. We use the simplicity and genetic facility of the Drosophila system to investigate in vivo whether 14-3-3s are causal or synergistic with Tau accumulation in precipitating pathogenesis. Proteomic, biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrate that both Drosophila 14-3-3 proteins interact with human wild-type and mutant Tau on multiple sites irrespective of their phosphorylation state. 14-3-3 dimers regulate steady-state phosphorylation of both wild-type and the R406W mutant Tau, but they are not essential for toxicity of either variant. Moreover, 14-3-3 elevation itself is not pathogenic, but recruitment of dimers on accumulating wild-type Tau increases its steady-state levels ostensibly by occluding access to proteases in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In contrast, the R406W mutant, which lacks a putative 14-3-3 binding site, responds differentially to elevation of each 14-3-3 isoform. Although excess 14-3-3ζ stabilizes the mutant protein, elevated D14-3-3ɛ has a destabilizing effect probably because of altered 14-3-3 dimer composition. Our collective data demonstrate the complexity of 14-3-3/Tau interactions in vivo and suggest that 14-3-3 attenuation is not appropriate ameliorative treatment of Tauopathies. Finally, we suggest that 'bystander' 14-3-3s are recruited by accumulating Tau with the consequences depending on the composition of available dimers within particular neurons and the Tau variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Alexander Fleming', Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Sofia Grammenoudi
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Alexander Fleming', Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Alexander Fleming', Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Alexander Fleming', Vari 16672, Greece
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Kim DE, Cho CH, Sim KM, Kwon O, Hwang EM, Kim HW, Park JY. 14-3-3γ Haploinsufficient Mice Display Hyperactive and Stress-sensitive Behaviors. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:43-53. [PMID: 30853823 PMCID: PMC6401549 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3γ plays diverse roles in different aspects of cellular processes. Especially in the brain where 14-3-3γ is enriched, it has been reported to be involved in neurological and psychiatric diseases (e.g. Williams-Beuren syndrome and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). However, behavioral abnormalities related to 14-3-3γ deficiency are largely unknown. Here, by using 14-3-3γ deficient mice, we found that homozygous knockout mice were prenatally lethal, and heterozygous mice showed developmental delay relative to wild-type littermate mice. In addition, in behavioral analyses, we found that 14-3-3γ heterozygote mice display hyperactive and depressive-like behavior along with more sensitive responses to acute stress than littermate control mice. These results suggest that 14-3-3γ levels may be involved in the developmental manifestation of related neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, 14-3-3γ heterozygote mice may be a potential model to study the molecular pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Eon Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Cho
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Sim
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Osung Kwon
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
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Yun D, Wang H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Ma J, Ji Y, Huang Q, Chen J, Chen H, Lu D. Shuttling SLC2A4RG is regulated by 14-3-3θ to modulate cell survival via caspase-3 and caspase-6 in human glioma. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:163-175. [PMID: 30686753 PMCID: PMC6413354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with polygenic susceptibility. The cytoplasmic/nuclear shuttling protein, SLC2A4RG (SLC2A4 regulator), has been identified in the 20q13.33 region influencing glioma susceptibility by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and fine mapping analyses. Methods To discover the expression of SLC2A4RG and its relationship with patient prognosis, tissue microarray containing glioma samples and normal brains was constructed followed by immunohistochemical staining. The role of SLC2A4RG on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis was evaluated by gain- and loss-of-function assays in vivo, and subcutaneous and intracranial xenografts were performed to assess its functional effects. The mechanism underlying SLC2A4RG was further investigated via luciferase reporter analyses, ChIP, mass spectrometry, Co-IP, immunofluorescence, etc. Findings The potential tumor suppressor role of SLC2A4RG was further validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments that SLC2A4RG could attenuate cell proliferation via G2/M phase arrest and induce glioma cell apoptosis by direct transactivation of caspase-3 and caspase-6. Moreover, its function displaying showed to depend on the nuclear transportation of SLC2A4RG, however, bound with 14-3-3θ, it would be sequestered in the cytoplasm followed by reversal effect. Interpretation We identify a new pro-oncogenic mechanism whereby 14-3-3θ negatively regulates the nuclear function of the tumor suppressor SLC2A4RG, with significant therapeutic implications for the intervention of human glioma. Fund This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81372706, 81572501, and 81372235).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No'2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Zhao S, Li B, Li C, Gao H, Miao Y, He Y, Wang H, Gong L, Li D, Zhang Y, Feng J. The Apoptosis Regulator 14-3-3η and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target in Pituitary Oncocytoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:797. [PMID: 31849836 PMCID: PMC6893364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family has attracted much attention in research into the pathogenesis of human tumors because of its involvement in tumorigenesis. In previous studies, we found that 14-3-3η was highly expressed in pituitary oncocytoma. However, the mechanism by which 14-3-3η regulates tumorigenesis in pituitary oncocytoma is unclear. 14-3-3η-binding proteins were investigated in pituitary oncocytoma by immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis. A total of 443 proteins were identified as 14-3-3η binding proteins. The interactions of 14-3-3η and its binding partners were identified by a network analysis using the STRING database. The network included 433 nodes and 564 edges. PRAS40 (AKT1S1) was a binding protein of 14-3-3η and showed experimental interactions with 14-3-3η in the STRING database. The combined score was 0.407, which suggested a functional link. The 443 binding proteins of 14-3-3η showed enriched molecular signatures in GSEA and GO analysis. PRAS40 (AKT1S1) was enriched in the mTOR signaling pathway. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of p-PRAS40 (T246)/PRAS40 was significantly higher in pituitary oncocytoma than in normal pituitary tissues (p < 0.05). R18, a 14-3-3 protein inhibitor, inhibited MMQ cell proliferation after treatment with 8 μM R18 for 48 h compared to the control group (p < 0.01). These results suggest that 14-3-3η may be involved in promoting tumorigenesis in pituitary oncocytoma by interacting with PRAS40 (T246) via the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Zhao
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Sida Zhao
| | - Bin Li
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Miao
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue He
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jie Feng
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Diallo K, Oppong AK, Lim GE. Can 14-3-3 proteins serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases? Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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84
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Mugabo Y, Lim GE. Scaffold Proteins: From Coordinating Signaling Pathways to Metabolic Regulation. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3615-3630. [PMID: 30204866 PMCID: PMC6180900 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Among their pleiotropic functions, scaffold proteins are required for the accurate coordination of signaling pathways. It has only been within the past 10 years that their roles in glucose homeostasis and metabolism have emerged. It is well appreciated that changes in the expression or function of signaling effectors, such as receptors or kinases, can influence the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. However, little is known regarding whether scaffolds have similar roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In general, scaffolds are often underappreciated in the context of metabolism or metabolic diseases. In the present review, we discuss various scaffold proteins and their involvement in signaling pathways related to metabolism and metabolic diseases. The aims of the present review were to highlight the importance of scaffold proteins and to raise awareness of their physiological contributions. A thorough understanding of how scaffolds influence metabolism could aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to treat chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, for which the incidence of all continue to increase at alarming rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Mugabo
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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85
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Smidova A, Alblova M, Kalabova D, Psenakova K, Rosulek M, Herman P, Obsil T, Obsilova V. 14-3-3 protein masks the nuclear localization sequence of caspase-2. FEBS J 2018; 285:4196-4213. [PMID: 30281929 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 is an apical protease responsible for the proteolysis of cellular substrates directly involved in mediating apoptotic signaling cascades. Caspase-2 activation is inhibited by phosphorylation followed by binding to the scaffolding protein 14-3-3, which recognizes two phosphoserines located in the linker between the caspase recruitment domain and the p19 domains of the caspase-2 zymogen. However, the structural details of this interaction and the exact role of 14-3-3 in the regulation of caspase-2 activation remain unclear. Moreover, the caspase-2 region with both 14-3-3-binding motifs also contains the nuclear localization sequence (NLS), thus suggesting that 14-3-3 binding may regulate the subcellular localization of caspase-2. Here, we report a structural analysis of the 14-3-3ζ:caspase-2 complex using a combined approach based on small angle X-ray scattering, NMR, chemical cross-linking, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural model proposed in this study suggests that phosphorylated caspase-2 and 14-3-3ζ form a compact and rigid complex in which the p19 and the p12 domains of caspase-2 are positioned within the central channel of the 14-3-3 dimer and stabilized through interactions with the C-terminal helices of both 14-3-3ζ protomers. In this conformation, the surface of the p12 domain, which is involved in caspase-2 activation by dimerization, is sterically occluded by the 14-3-3 dimer, thereby likely preventing caspase-2 activation. In addition, 14-3-3 protein binding to caspase-2 masks its NLS. Therefore, our results suggest that 14-3-3 protein binding to caspase-2 may play a key role in regulating caspase-2 activation. DATABASE: The atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, www.ww pdb.org (PDB ID codes 6GKF and 6GKG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Smidova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Alblova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kalabova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Psenakova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rosulek
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
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86
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A single phosphorylation site of SIK3 regulates daily sleep amounts and sleep need in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10458-10463. [PMID: 30254177 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810823115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionally conserved behavior from vertebrates to invertebrates. The molecular mechanisms that determine daily sleep amounts and the neuronal substrates for homeostatic sleep need remain unknown. Through a large-scale forward genetic screen of sleep behaviors in mice, we previously demonstrated that the Sleepy mutant allele of the Sik3 protein kinase gene markedly increases daily nonrapid-eye movement sleep (NREMS) amounts and sleep need. The Sleepy mutation deletes the in-frame exon 13 encoding a peptide stretch encompassing S551, a known PKA recognition site in SIK3. Here, we demonstrate that single amino acid changes at SIK3 S551 (S551A and S551D) reproduce the hypersomnia phenotype of the Sleepy mutant mice. These mice exhibit increased NREMS amounts and inherently increased sleep need, the latter demonstrated by increased duration of individual NREMS episodes and higher EEG slow-wave activity during NREMS. At the molecular level, deletion or mutation at SIK3 S551 reduces PKA recognition and abolishes 14-3-3 binding. Our results suggest that the evolutionally conserved S551 of SIK3 mediates, together with PKA and 14-3-3, the intracellular signaling crucial for the regulation of daily sleep amounts and sleep need at the organismal level.
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87
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Expression of novel nitrate reductase genes in the harmful alga, Chattonella subsalsa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13417. [PMID: 30194416 PMCID: PMC6128913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzes the first step in nitrate assimilation and is regulated transcriptionally in response to external cues and intracellular metabolic status. NRs are also regulated post-translationally in plants by phosphorylation and binding of 14-3-3 proteins at conserved serine residues. 14-3-3 binding motifs have not previously been identified in algal NRs. A novel NR (NR2-2/2HbN) with a 2/2 hemoglobin domain was recently described in the alga Chattonella subsalsa. Here, a second NR (NR3) in C. subsalsa is described with a 14-3-3 binding motif but lacking the Heme-Fe domain found in other NRs. Transcriptional regulation of both NRs was examined in C. subsalsa, revealing differential gene expression over a diel light cycle, but not under constant light. NR2 transcripts increased with a decrease in temperature, while NR3 remained unchanged. NR2 and NR3 transcript levels were not inhibited by growth on ammonium, suggesting constitutive expression of these genes. Results indicate that Chattonella responds to environmental conditions and intracellular metabolic status by differentially regulating NR transcription, with potential for post-translational regulation of NR3. A survey of algal NRs also revealed the presence of 14-3-3 binding motifs in other algal species, indicating the need for future research on regulation of algal NRs.
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88
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Cao J, Tan X. Comparative and evolutionary analysis of the 14-3-3 family genes in eleven fishes. Gene 2018; 662:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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89
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Chen ML, Wu RM. LRRK 2 gene mutations in the pathophysiology of the ROCO domain and therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease: a review. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:52. [PMID: 29903014 PMCID: PMC6000924 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and manifests as resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Pathologically, PD is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein and ubiquitin called Lewy bodies. Consequently, a remarkable deficiency of dopamine in the striatum causes progressive disability of motor function. The etiology of PD remains uncertain. Genetic variability in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most common genetic cause of sporadic and familial PD. LRRK2 encodes a large protein containing three catalytic and four protein-protein interaction domains. Patients with LRRK2 mutations exhibit a clinical and pathological phenotype indistinguishable from sporadic PD. Recent studies have shown that pathological mutations of LRRK2 can reduce the rate of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis, increase kinase activity and GTP binding activity, and subsequently cause cell death. The process of cell death involves several signaling pathways, including the autophagic–lysosomal pathway, intracellular trafficking, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system. This review summarizes the cellular function and pathophysiology of LRRK2 ROCO domain mutations in PD and the perspective of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Da-an Dist, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Meei Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Da-an Dist, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan.
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90
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Huarancca Reyes T, Scartazza A, Pompeiano A, Ciurli A, Lu Y, Guglielminetti L, Yamaguchi J. Nitrate Reductase Modulation in Response to Changes in C/N Balance and Nitrogen Source in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1248-1254. [PMID: 29860377 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cues modulate the balance of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) which are essential elements for plant metabolism and growth. In Arabidopsis, photochemical efficiency of PSII, phosphorylation status and localization of many enzymes, and the level of total soluble sugars were affected by an unbalanced C/N ratio. Since differences in C/N affect these parameters, here we checked whether different sources of N have different effects when a high C/N ratio is imposed. NO3- and NH4+ were separately provided in C/N medium. We investigated the effects on photochemical efficiency of PSII, the level of total soluble sugars and nitrate reductase activity under stressful C/N conditions compared with control conditions. We found that treated plants accumulated more total soluble sugars when compared with control. Photochemical efficiency of PSII did not show significant differences between the two sources of nitrogen after 24 h. The actual nitrate reductase activity was the result of a combination of activity, activation state and protein level. This activity constantly decreased starting from time zero in control conditions; in contrast, the actual nitrate reductase activity showed a peak at 2 h after treatment with NO3-, and at 30 min with NH4+. This, according to the level of total soluble sugars, can be explained by the existence of a cross-talk between the sugars in excess and low nitrate in the medium that blocks the activity of nitrate reductase in stressful sugar conditions until the plant is adapted to the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, RM 00016, Italy
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ciurli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Yu Lu
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | | | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
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91
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Xu Y, Shi J, Hao W, Xiang T, Zhou H, Wang W, Meng Q, Ding Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of Procambarus clakii hemocytes during Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:438-444. [PMID: 29625245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a new-found aquaculture pathogen, Spiroplasma eriocheiris, has resulted in inconceivable economic losses in aquaculture. In the infection of S. eriocheiris, the Procambarus clakii hemocytes have indicated to be major target cells. What was designed to examine in our study is the hemocytes' immune response at the protein levels. Before the pathogen was injected and after 192 h of post-injection, the differential proteomes of the crayfish hemocytes were analyzed immediately by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization (iTRAQ) labeling, followed by liquid chromatogramphytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This research had identified a total of 285 differentially expressed proteins. Eighty-three and 202 proteins were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, caused by the S. eriocheiris infection. Up-regulated proteins included alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), vitellogenin, ferritin, etc. Down-regulated proteins, involved with serine protease, peroxiredoxin 6, 14-3-3-like protein, C-type lectin, cdc42 homolog precursor, etc. The prophenoloxidase-activating system, antimicrobial action involved in the immune responses of P. clarkii is considered to be damaged due to S. eriocheiris infection. The present work could lay the foundation for future research on the proteins related to the susceptibility/resistance of P. clarkii to S. eriocheiris. In addition, it is helpful for our understanding molecular mechanism of disease processes in crayfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jinyan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules & Aquatic Institute of Jiangsu Second Normal University, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules & Aquatic Institute of Jiangsu Second Normal University, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210013, China.
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92
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Harvey BJ, Thomas W. Aldosterone-induced protein kinase signalling and the control of electrolyte balance. Steroids 2018; 133:67-74. [PMID: 29079406 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone acts through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to modulate gene expression in target tissues. In the kidney, the principal action of aldosterone is to promote sodium conservation in the distal nephron and so indirectly enhance water conservation under conditions of hypotension. Over the last twenty years the rapid activation of protein kinase signalling cascades by aldosterone has been described in various tissues. This review describes the integration of rapid protein kinase D signalling responses with the non-genomic actions of aldosterone and transcriptional effects of MR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Harvey
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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93
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Naderi A. SRARP and HSPB7 are epigenetically regulated gene pairs that function as tumor suppressors and predict clinical outcome in malignancies. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:724-755. [PMID: 29577611 PMCID: PMC5928383 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of chromosome 1p36 are common in cancers; however, despite extensive studies, there has been limited success for discovering candidate tumor suppressors in this region. SRARP has recently been identified as a novel corepressor of the androgen receptor (AR) and is located on chromosome 1p36. Here, bioinformatics analysis of large tumor datasets was performed to study SRARP and its gene pair, HSPB7. In addition, using cancer cell lines, mechanisms of SRARP and HSPB7 regulation and their molecular functions were investigated. This study demonstrated that SRARP and HSPB7 are a gene pair located 5.2 kb apart on 1p36.13 and are inactivated by deletions and epigenetic silencing in malignancies. Importantly, SRARP and HSPB7 have tumor suppressor functions in clonogenicity and cell viability associated with the downregulation of Akt and ERK. SRARP expression is inversely correlated with genes that promote cell proliferation and signal transduction, which supports its functions as a tumor suppressor. In addition, AR exerts dual regulatory effects on SRARP, and although an increased AR activity suppresses SRARP transcription, a minimum level of AR activity is required to maintain baseline SRARP expression in AR+ cancer cells. Furthermore, as observed with SRARP, HSPB7 interacts with the 14-3-3 protein, presenting a shared molecular feature between SRARP and HSPB7. Of note, genome- and epigenome-wide associations of SRARP and HSPB7 with survival strongly support their tumor suppressor functions. In particular, DNA hypermethylation, lower expression, somatic mutations, and lower copy numbers of SRARP are associated with worse cancer outcome. Moreover, DNA hypermethylation and lower expression of SRARP in normal adjacent tissues predict poor survival, suggesting that SRARP inactivation is an early event in carcinogenesis. In summary, SRARP and HSPB7 are tumor suppressors that are commonly inactivated in malignancies. SRARP inactivation is an early event in carcinogenesis that is strongly associated with worse survival, presenting potential translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Naderi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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94
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Wille C, Eiseler T, Langenberger ST, Richter J, Mizuno K, Radermacher P, Knippschild U, Huber-Lang M, Seufferlein T, Paschke S. PKD regulates actin polymerization, neutrophil deformability, and transendothelial migration in response to fMLP and trauma. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:615-630. [PMID: 29656400 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0617-251rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important mediators of the innate immune defense and of the host response to a physical trauma. Because aberrant infiltration of injured sites by neutrophils was shown to cause adverse effects after trauma, we investigated how neutrophil infiltration could be modulated at the cellular level. Our data indicate that protein kinase D (PKD) is a vital regulator of neutrophil transmigration. PKD phosphorylates the Cofilin-phosphatase Slingshot-2L (SSH-2L). SSH-2L in turn dynamically regulates Cofilin activity and actin polymerization in response to a chemotactic stimulus for neutrophils, for example, fMLP. Here, we show that inhibition of PKD by two specific small molecule inhibitors results in broad, unrestricted activation of Cofilin and strongly increases the F-actin content of neutrophils even under basal conditions. This phenotype correlates with a significantly impaired neutrophil deformability as determined by optical stretcher analysis. Consequently, inhibition of PKD impaired chemotaxis as shown by reduced extravasation of neutrophils. Consequently, we demonstrate that transendothelial passage of both, neutrophil-like NB4 cells and primary PMNs recovered from a hemorrhagic shock trauma model was significantly reduced. Thus, inhibition of PKD may represent a promising modulator of the neutrophil response to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wille
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Julia Richter
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Paschke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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95
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Dhoke NR, Geesala R, Das A. Low Oxidative Stress-Mediated Proliferation Via JNK-FOXO3a-Catalase Signaling in Transplanted Adult Stem Cells Promotes Wound Tissue Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1047-1065. [PMID: 28826225 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Stem cells exposed to pathological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at wound sites fail to regenerate tissue. The molecular mechanism underlying differential levels of ROS-mediated regulation of stem cells remains elusive. This study elucidates the mechanistic role of catalase at 10 μM H2O2-induced proliferation of mouse bone marrow stromal (BMSC) and hematopoietic (HSPC) stem/progenitor cells. Results: BMSCs and HSPCs depicted an increased growth rate and colony formation, in the presence of 10 μM but not 100 μM concentration of H2O2, an effect that was perturbed by Vit. C. Mechanistically, JNK activation-FOXO3a nuclear translocation and binding of FOXO3a to catalase promoter at 10 μM H2O2 led to an increased expression and activity of anti-oxidant gene, catalase. This was followed by an increased proliferative phenotype via the AKT-dependent pathway that was perturbed in the presence of catalase-inhibitor, 3-aminotriazole due to an increased ROS-mediated inactivation of AKT. Preclinically, 10 μM H2O2-mediated preconditioning of BMSCs/HSPCs transplantation accelerated wound closure, enhanced catalase expression, and decreased ROS levels at the wound site. Transplantation of male donor cells into female recipient mice or GFP-labeled BMSCs or HSPCs depicted an increased engraftment and proliferation in preconditioned cell transplanted groups as compared with the wound control. Wound healing occurred via keratinocyte generation and vascularization in preconditioned BMSCs, whereas only neo-vascularization occurred in the preconditioned HSPCs transplanted groups. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study suggests a distinct role of catalase that protects BMSCs and HSPCs from low ROS and promotes proliferation. Transplantation of preconditioned stem cells enhanced wound tissue regeneration with a better antioxidant defense mechanism-as a therapeutic approach in stem cell transplantation-mediated tissue regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1047-1065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha R Dhoke
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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96
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14-3-3 proteins in platelet biology and glycoprotein Ib-IX signaling. Blood 2018; 131:2436-2448. [PMID: 29622550 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-742650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins function as adapters/modulators that recognize phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-based binding motifs in many intracellular proteins and play fundamental roles in signal transduction pathways of eukaryotic cells. In platelets, 14-3-3 plays a wide range of regulatory roles in phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways, including G-protein signaling, cAMP signaling, agonist-induced phosphatidylserine exposure, and regulation of mitochondrial function. In particular, 14-3-3 interacts with several phosphoserine-dependent binding sites in the major platelet adhesion receptor, the glycoprotein Ib-IX complex (GPIb-IX), regulating its interaction with von Willebrand factor (VWF) and mediating VWF/GPIb-IX-dependent mechanosignal transduction, leading to platelet activation. The interaction of 14-3-3 with GPIb-IX also plays a critical role in enabling the platelet response to low concentrations of thrombin through cooperative signaling mediated by protease-activated receptors and GPIb-IX. The various functions of 14-3-3 in platelets suggest that it is a possible target for the treatment of thrombosis and inflammation.
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97
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Bozatzi P, Dingwell KS, Wu KZ, Cooper F, Cummins TD, Hutchinson LD, Vogt J, Wood NT, Macartney TJ, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Campbell DG, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. PAWS1 controls Wnt signalling through association with casein kinase 1α. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e44807. [PMID: 29514862 PMCID: PMC5891436 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The BMP and Wnt signalling pathways determine axis specification during embryonic development. Our previous work has shown that PAWS1 (also known as FAM83G) interacts with SMAD1 and modulates BMP signalling. Here, surprisingly, we show that overexpression of PAWS1 in Xenopus embryos activates Wnt signalling and causes complete axis duplication. Consistent with these observations in Xenopus, Wnt signalling is diminished in U2OS osteosarcoma cells lacking PAWS1, while BMP signalling is unaffected. We show that PAWS1 interacts and co-localises with the α isoform of casein kinase 1 (CK1), and that PAWS1 mutations incapable of binding CK1 fail both to activate Wnt signalling and to elicit axis duplication in Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Bozatzi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Kevin Zl Wu
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Timothy D Cummins
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Luke D Hutchinson
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Janis Vogt
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - David G Campbell
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
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98
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Mugabo Y, Sadeghi M, Fang NN, Mayor T, Lim GE. Elucidation of the 14-3-3ζ interactome reveals critical roles of RNA-splicing factors during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29530978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.816272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis involves a complex signaling network requiring strict temporal and spatial organization of effector molecules. Molecular scaffolds, such as 14-3-3 proteins, facilitate such organization, and we have previously identified 14-3-3ζ as an essential scaffold in adipocyte differentiation. The interactome of 14-3-3ζ is large and diverse, and it is possible that novel adipogenic factors may be present within it, but this possibility has not yet been tested. Herein, we generated mouse embryonic fibroblasts from mice overexpressing a tandem affinity purification (TAP) epitope-tagged 14-3-3ζ molecule. After inducing adipogenesis, TAP-14-3-3ζ complexes were purified, followed by MS analysis to determine the 14-3-3ζ interactome. We observed more than 100 proteins that were unique to adipocyte differentiation, 56 of which were novel interacting partners. Among these, we were able to identify previously established regulators of adipogenesis (i.e. Ptrf/Cavin1) within the 14-3-3ζ interactome, confirming the utility of this approach to detect adipogenic factors. We found that proteins related to RNA metabolism, processing, and splicing were enriched in the interactome. Analysis of transcriptomic data revealed that 14-3-3ζ depletion in 3T3-L1 cells affected alternative splicing of mRNA during adipocyte differentiation. siRNA-mediated depletion of RNA-splicing factors within the 14-3-3ζ interactome, that is, of Hnrpf, Hnrpk, Ddx6, and Sfpq, revealed that they have essential roles in adipogenesis and in the alternative splicing of Pparg and the adipogenesis-associated gene Lpin1 In summary, we have identified novel adipogenic factors within the 14-3-3ζ interactome. Further characterization of additional proteins within the 14-3-3ζ interactome may help identify novel targets to block obesity-associated expansion of adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Mugabo
- From the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 029, Canada.,the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada, and
| | - Mina Sadeghi
- From the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 029, Canada.,the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada, and
| | - Nancy N Fang
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Thibault Mayor
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- From the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 029, Canada, .,the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada, and
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99
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Liu S, Jiang H, Wen H, Ding Q, Feng C. Knockdown of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ) enhances tumorigenesis both in vivo and in vitro in bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2127-2135. [PMID: 29512774 PMCID: PMC5928769 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common tumor of the urinary tract. Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ), a gene encoding the 14-3-3ζ protein, has been observed to be frequently amplified in bladder cancer. However, the role of 14-3-3ζ in various types of cancer is controversial. With reproduction of The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we searched the correlation of YWHAZ expression with survival outcomes of multiple cancers in silico. Our results revealed that only in bladder cancer was there a positive survival trend with YWHAZ overexpression. To study its role in bladder cancer, YWHAZ was successfully downregulated by lentivirus in 5637 and T24 cells. MTT and colony-formation assays showed that YWHAZ downregulation increased cell proliferation. Wound healing and Transwell assays showed that YWHAZ downregulation enhanced cell migration and invasiveness. FACS analysis showed that YWHAZ induced cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis. A xenograft tumor model revealed that YWHAZ knockdown enhanced tumor growth. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that the cell cycle pathway plays a vital role in the function of the YWHAZ gene. In conclusion, knockdown of YWHAZ promoted both in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis in bladder cancer and may be a novel biomarker for bladder cancer deserving further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Liu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wen
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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100
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15N detection harnesses the slow relaxation property of nitrogen: Delivering enhanced resolution for intrinsically disordered proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1710-E1719. [PMID: 29432148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717560115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have highlighted the functional significance of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Due to conformational heterogeneity and inherent dynamics, structural studies of IDPs have relied mostly on NMR spectroscopy, despite IDPs having characteristics that make them challenging to study using traditional 1H-detected biomolecular NMR techniques. Here, we develop a suite of 3D 15N-detected experiments that take advantage of the slower transverse relaxation property of 15N nuclei, the associated narrower linewidth, and the greater chemical shift dispersion compared with those of 1H and 13C resonances. The six 3D experiments described here start with aliphatic 1H magnetization to take advantage of its higher initial polarization, and are broadly applicable for backbone assignment of proteins that are disordered, dynamic, or have unfavorable amide proton exchange rates. Using these experiments, backbone resonance assignments were completed for the unstructured regulatory domain (residues 131-294) of the human transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATC2), which includes 28 proline residues located in functionally important serine-proline (SP) repeats. The complete assignment of the NFATC2 regulatory domain enabled us to study phosphorylation of NFAT by kinase PKA and phosphorylation-dependent binding of chaperone protein 14-3-3 to NFAT, providing mechanistic insight on how 14-3-3 regulates NFAT nuclear translocation.
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