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Chen L, Cao SQ, Lin ZM, He SJ, Zuo JP. NOD-like receptors in autoimmune diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1742-1756. [PMID: 33589796 PMCID: PMC8564530 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are chronic immune diseases characterized by dysregulation of immune system, which ultimately results in a disruption in self-antigen tolerance. Cumulative data show that nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) play essential roles in various autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), etc. NLR proteins, consisting of a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR), a central nucleotide-binding domain, and an N-terminal effector domain, form a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate the immune response by specifically recognizing cellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and triggering numerous signaling pathways, including RIP2 kinase, caspase-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and so on. Based on their N-terminal domain, NLRs are divided into five subfamilies: NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP, and NLRX1. In this review, we briefly describe the structures and signaling pathways of NLRs, summarize the recent progress on NLR signaling in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases, as well as highlight numerous natural products and synthetic compounds targeting NLRs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shi-qi Cao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ze-min Lin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shi-jun He
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jian-ping Zuo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Sørensen MD, Kristensen BW. TUMOUR-ASSOCIATED CD204+ MICROGLIA/MACROPHAGES ACCUMULATE IN PERIVASCULAR AND PERINECROTIC NICHES AND CORRELATE WITH AN INTERLEUKIN-6 ENRICHED INFLAMMATORY PROFILE IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12772. [PMID: 34713474 PMCID: PMC9306597 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dahl Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu P, Shi J, Sun W, Zhang H. Identification and validation of a pyroptosis-related prognostic signature for thyroid cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:523. [PMID: 34627252 PMCID: PMC8502398 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death triggered by inflammasomes. However, the roles of pyroptosis-related genes in thyroid cancer (THCA) remain still unclear. Objective This study aimed to construct a pyroptosis-related signature that could effectively predict THCA prognosis and survival. Methods A LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed to build a prognostic model based on the expression profile of each pyroptosis-related gene. The predictive value of the prognostic model was validated in the internal cohort. Results A pyroptosis-related signature consisting of four genes was constructed to predict THCA prognosis and all patients were classified into high- and low-risk groups. Patients with a high-risk score had a poorer overall survival (OS) than those in the low-risk group. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves assessed and verified the predictive performance of this signature. Multivariate analysis showed the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Tumor immune cell infiltration and immune status were significantly higher in low-risk groups, which indicated a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Of the four pyroptosis-related genes in the prognostic signature, qRT-PCR detected three of them with significantly differential expression in THCA tissues. Conclusion In summary, our pyroptosis-related risk signature may have an effective predictive and prognostic capability in THCA. Our results provide a potential foundation for future studies of the relationship between pyroptosis and the immunotherapy response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02231-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyuan Shi
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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54
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, García-Del Portillo F, Laparra JM, Boscá L. NOD1 in the interplay between microbiota and gastrointestinal immune adaptations. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105775. [PMID: 34273489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that detects bacterial peptidoglycan fragments and other danger signals, has been linked to inflammatory pathologies. NOD1, which is expressed by immune and non-immune cells, is activated after recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). This recognition triggers host defense responses and both immune memory and tolerance can also be achieved during these processes. Since the gut microbiota is currently considered a master regulator of human physiology central in health and disease and the intestine metabolizes a wide range of nutrients, drugs and hormones, it is a fact that dysbiosis can alter tissues and organs homeostasis. These systemic alterations occur in response to gastrointestinal immune adaptations that are not yet fully understood. Even if previous evidence confirms the connection between the microbiota, the immune system and metabolic disorders, much remains to be discovered about the contribution of NOD1 to low-grade inflammatory pathologies such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This review compiles the most recent findings in this area, while providing a dynamic and practical framework with future approaches for research and clinical applications on targeting NOD1. This knowledge can help to rate the consequences of the disease and to stratify the patients for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Moisés Laparra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra, Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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55
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NLRP3 Ubiquitination-A New Approach to Target NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168780. [PMID: 34445484 PMCID: PMC8395773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to diverse pathogenic and danger signals, the cytosolic activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing (3)) inflammasome complex is a critical event in the maturation and release of some inflammatory cytokines in the state of an inflammatory response. After activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a series of cellular events occurs, including caspase 1-mediated proteolytic cleavage and maturation of the IL-1β and IL-18, followed by pyroptotic cell death. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome has become a prime target for the resolution of many inflammatory disorders. Since NLRP3 inflammasome activation can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli and the activation process occurs in a complex, it is difficult to target the NLRP3 inflammasome. During the activation process, various post-translational modifications (PTM) of the NLRP3 protein are required to form a complex with other components. The regulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of NLRP3 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory disorders. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitination and deubiquitination system for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inhibitors that can be used as potential therapeutic agents to modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Menezes MCS, Veiga ADM, Martins de Lima T, Kunimi Kubo Ariga S, Vieira Barbeiro H, de Lucena Moreira C, Pinto AAS, Brandao RA, Marchini JF, Alencar JC, Marino LO, Gomez LM, Olsen Saraiva Camara N, Souza HP. Lower peripheral blood Toll-like receptor 3 expression is associated with an unfavorable outcome in severe COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15223. [PMID: 34315957 PMCID: PMC8316546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of innate immunity in COVID-19 is not completely understood. Therefore, this study explored the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in peripheral blood cells and their correlated cytokines. Seventy-nine patients with severe COVID-19 on admission, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were divided into two groups: patients who needed mechanical ventilation and/or deceased (SEVERE, n = 50) and patients who used supplementary oxygen but not mechanical ventilation and survived (MILD, n = 29); a control group (CONTROL, n = 17) was also enrolled. In the peripheral blood, gene expression (mRNA) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIGI), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), pro-interleukin(IL)-1β (pro-IL-1β), and IL-18 was determined on admission, between 5–9 days, and between 10–15 days. Circulating cytokines in plasma were also measured. When compared to the COVID-19 MILD group, the COVID-19 SEVERE group had lower expression of TLR3 and overexpression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Saad Menezes
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alicia Dudy Müller Veiga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermes Vieira Barbeiro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia de Lucena Moreira
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agnes Araujo Sardinha Pinto
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Antonio Brandao
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Flavio Marchini
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Alencar
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Oliveira Marino
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luz Marina Gomez
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu T, Liu S, Zhou X. Innate Immune Responses and Pulmonary Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:53-71. [PMID: 34019263 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense line of the host against various infectious pathogens, environmental insults, and other stimuli causing cell damages. Upon stimulation, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) act as sensors to activate innate immune responses, containing NF-κB signaling, IFN response, and inflammasome activation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and other nucleic acid sensors are involved in innate immune responses. The activation of innate immune responses can facilitate the host to eliminate pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, the activity of innate immune responses needs to be tightly controlled to ensure the optimal intensity and duration of activation under various contexts. Uncontrolled innate immune responses can lead to various disorders associated with aberrant inflammatory response, including pulmonary diseases such as COPD, asthma, and COVID-19. In this chapter, we will have a broad overview of how innate immune responses function and the regulation and activation of innate immune response at molecular levels as well as their contribution to various pulmonary diseases. A better understanding of such association between innate immune responses and pulmonary diseases may provide potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siqi Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tang H, Liu W, Xu Z, Zhao J, Wang W, Yu Z, Wei M. Integrated microenvironment-associated genomic profiles identify LRRC15 mediating recurrent glioblastoma-associated macrophages infiltration. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5534-5546. [PMID: 33960636 PMCID: PMC8184692 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant intracranial tumour with intrinsic infiltrative characteristics, which could lead to most patients eventually relapse. The prognosis of recurrent GBM patients remains unsatisfactory. Cancer cell infiltration and their interaction with the tumour microenvironment (TME) could promote tumour recurrence and treatment resistance. In our study, we aimed to identify potential tumour target correlated with rGBM microenvironment based on the gene expression profiles and clinical information of rGBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. LRRC15 gene with prognostic value was screened by univariate and multivariate analysis, and the correlation between macrophages and LRRC15 was identified as well. Furthermore, the prognosis correlation and immune characteristics of LRRC15 were validated using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and our clinical tissues by immunochemistry assay. Additionally, we utilized the transwell assay and carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) tracking to further confirm the effects of LRRC15 on attracting microglia/macrophages and tumour cell proliferation in the TME. Gene profiles‐based rGBM microenvironment identified that LRRC15 could act in collusion with microglia/macrophages in the rGBM microenvironment to promote the poor prognosis, especially in mesenchymal subtype, indicating the strategies of targeting LRRC15 to improve macrophages‐based immunosuppressive effects could be promising for rGBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumours, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wensi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumours, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoxu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumours, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumours, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumours, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumours, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumours, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Fernández-García V, González-Ramos S, Martín-Sanz P, Laparra JM, Boscá L. NOD1-Targeted Immunonutrition Approaches: On the Way from Disease to Health. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050519. [PMID: 34066406 PMCID: PMC8148154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunonutrition appears as a field with great potential in modern medicine. Since the immune system can trigger serious pathophysiological disorders, it is essential to study and implement a type of nutrition aimed at improving immune system functioning and reinforcing it individually for each patient. In this sense, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1), one of the members of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family of innate immunity, has been related to numerous pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. NOD1, which is activated by bacterial-derived peptidoglycans, is known to be present in immune cells and to contribute to inflammation and other important pathways, such as fibrosis, upon recognition of its ligands. Since immunonutrition is a significant developing research area with much to discover, we propose NOD1 as a possible target to consider in this field. It is relevant to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate the immune system and involve the activation of NOD1 in the context of immunonutrition and associated pathological conditions. Surgical or pharmacological treatments could clearly benefit from the synergy with specific and personalized nutrition that even considers the health status of each subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-91-497-2747 (L.B.)
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Laparra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-91-497-2747 (L.B.)
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60
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Nod-Like Receptors in Host Defence and Disease at the Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094677. [PMID: 33925158 PMCID: PMC8124564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family (NLRs) (sometimes called the NOD-like receptors, though the family contains few bona fide receptors) are a superfamily of multidomain-containing proteins that detect cellular stress and microbial infection. They constitute a critical arm of the innate immune response, though their functions are not restricted to pathogen recognition and members engage in controlling inflammasome activation, antigen-presentation, transcriptional regulation, cell death and also embryogenesis. NLRs are found from basal metazoans to plants, to zebrafish, mice and humans though functions of individual members can vary from species to species. NLRs also display highly wide-ranging tissue expression. Here, we discuss the importance of NLRs to the immune response at the epidermal barrier and summarise the known role of individual family members in the pathogenesis of skin disease.
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61
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Riera Romo M. Cell death as part of innate immunity: Cause or consequence? Immunology 2021; 163:399-415. [PMID: 33682112 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated or programmed cell death plays a critical role in the development and tissue organization and function. In addition, it is intrinsically connected with immunity and host defence. An increasing cellular and molecular findings cause a change in the concept of cell death, revealing an expanding network of regulated cell death modalities and their biochemical programmes. Likewise, recent evidences demonstrate the interconnection between cell death pathways and how they are involved in different immune mechanisms. This work provides an overview of the main cell death programmes and their implication in innate immunity not only as an immunogenic/inflammatory process, but also as an active defence strategy during immune response and at the same time as a regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Riera Romo
- Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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62
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Zhang L, Cao M, Li Q, Yan X, Xue T, Song L, Su B, Li C. Genome-wide identification of NOD-like receptors and their expression profiling in mucosal tissues of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) upon bacteria challenge. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:48-61. [PMID: 33713957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays an important role in host defense against pathogenic infections. In the innate immune system, several families of innate pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and DNA receptors (cytosolic sensors for DNA), are known to play vital roles in detecting and responding to various pathogens. In this study, we identified 29 NLRs in turbot including 4 NLRs from subfamily A: NOD1, NOD2, CIITA, NLRC5, 1 NLR from subfamily B: NLRB1, 21 NLRs from subfamily C: NLR-C3.1∼NLRC3.21, 1 from NLRX subfamily, and two that do not fall within these subfamilies: APAF1, NWD1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these NLR genes were clearly divided into five subfamilies. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that some of these NLR genes shared same interacting genes and might participate in signal transductions associated with immunity. The evolutionary pressure selection analysis showed that the Ka/Ks ratios for all detected NLR genes were much less than one, implying more synonymous changes than non-synonymous changes. In addition, tissue expression analysis showed that the relative higher expression levels were observed in gill, skin and intestine. Meanwhile, NLR genes expression after bacterial infection results showed that most NLR genes participated in the process of defense of V. anguillarum and A. salmonicida infections in mucosal tissues. Taken together, identification and expression profiling analysis of NLR genes can provide valuable information for further functional characterization of these genes in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ling Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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63
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Kozlov EM, Ivanova E, Grechko AV, Wu WK, Starodubova AV, Orekhov AN. Involvement of Oxidative Stress and the Innate Immune System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9010017. [PMID: 33668325 PMCID: PMC8005963 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the novel coronavirus in December 2019 in China marked the beginning of a pandemic that impacted healthcare systems and economic life all over the world. The virus primarily targets the respiratory system causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in some patients, and therefore received the name of SARS-CoV-2. The pathogen stands out among other coronaviruses by its rapid transmission from human to human, with the majority of infected individuals being asymptomatic or presenting with only minor illness, therefore facilitating the pathogen spread. At the same time, people from the risk groups, such as the elderly, patients suffering from chronic diseases, or obese individuals, have increased chances of developing a severe or even fatal disease. The search for risk factors explaining this phenomenon continues. In this review, we focus on the known mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting the functioning of the immune system and discuss potential risk factors responsible for the severe disease course. Oxidative stress is one of such factors, which plays a prominent role in innate immunity activity, and recent research has revealed its tight involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss these recent findings and the development of excessive inflammation and cytokine storm observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we consider potential use of antioxidant drugs for alleviating the severe symptoms in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii M. Kozlov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute of Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-(495)4159594
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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64
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Li C, Zhou Y, Deng H, Ye Y, Zhao S, Liang S, Cai S, Lin J, Tang Y, Wu Y. Mining database for the therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers among STAT family in glioblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:179-191. [PMID: 33104022 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Aberrant activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling results in tumor pathogenesis and progression by regulating cell cycle, cell survival and immune response. METHODS Therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers within the STAT family in GBM were explored using web applications and databases. RESULTS High levels of STAT1/3/5A/5B/6 and low levels of STAT4 were observed in GBM patients. GBM patients expressing high STAT1/2/3/5A/6 and low STAT4/5B levels had the worse overall survival. Among the STAT family, STAT4 and STAT6 were the most frequently mutated genes. A low to moderate correlation among members of the STAT family was observed. Additionally, the STATs were involved in activation or inhibition of cancer related pathways. Analysis of immune infiltrates showed STAT5A levels to be significantly correlated with abundance of immune cells and levels of immune gene biomarkers. Gene ontology (GO) functions and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that STAT5A is involved in immune response-regulating signaling pathway, neutrophil and lymphocyte mediated immunity, single-stranded DNA binding, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Moreover, several kinase and transcription factor targets of STAT5A in GBM were identified. CONCLUSION We report here therapeutic targets, prognostic biomarkers and regulation network of STAT family in GBM. These findings lay a foundation for further studies on the role of STAT family in therapy and prognosis of GBM. Further studies are required to verify our results.
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65
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Pandareesh MD, Kameshwar VH, Byrappa K. Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in Relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:253-267. [PMID: 32682386 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200719020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer poses a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodeling, and chromosomal looping, have significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelialmesenchymal transition and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation, and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss the clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazkar D Pandareesh
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Vivek H Kameshwar
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Kullaiah Byrappa
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
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66
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Yang Q, Tian S, Liu Z, Dong W. Knockdown of RIPK2 Inhibits Proliferation and Migration, and Induces Apoptosis via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:627464. [PMID: 33633788 PMCID: PMC7900563 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RIPK2 is a 62 kDa protein and a member of the receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) family. It was previously demonstrated that RIPK2 might play a role in promoting malignant tumor progression; however, the precise function of RIPK2 in the onset and progression of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the role of RIPK2 in GC. First, we explored the expression levels of RIPK2 in multiple cancers, including GC, using a bioinformatics approach. We constructed the RIPK2-associated protein-protein interaction network using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins for gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis. Next, we compared the RIPK2 expression levels between GC cells and normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell (GES-1) using reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis. We downregulated the expression of RIPK2 in GC cells to determine the effects of RIPK2 on cell growth, migration, and apoptosis. Finally, we used western blotting to investigate the RIPK2 downstream signaling pathway involved in the regulation of GC progression. Our results showed that RIPK2 was overexpressed in various tumor tissues, including GC, compared to non-cancer tissues. Moreover, RIPK2 expression was significantly upregulated in all four GC cell lines (MGC-803,SGC-7901, HGC-27 and AGS) comparing the GES-1 cells. Silencing of RIPK2 suppressed GC cell growth by inhibiting migration, and inducing apoptosis through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In summary, we demonstrate that RIPK2 plays an important role in modulating GC cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, RIPK2 functions as a potential oncogene. We believe that RIPK2 can be used as a candidate biomarker, as well as a diagnostic tool, and the therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengru Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
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67
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Suryavanshi SV, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids as Key Regulators of Inflammasome Signaling: A Current Perspective. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613613. [PMID: 33584697 PMCID: PMC7876066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic inflammatory signaling protein complexes that detect microbial materials, sterile inflammatory insults, and certain host-derived elements. Inflammasomes, once activated, promote caspase-1–mediated maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Current advances in inflammasome research support their involvement in the development of chronic inflammatory disorders in contrast to their role in regulating innate immunity. Cannabis (marijuana) is a natural product obtained from the Cannabis sativa plant, and pharmacologically active ingredients of the plant are referred to as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids and cannabis extracts have recently emerged as promising novel drugs for chronic medical conditions. Growing evidence indicates the potent anti-inflammatory potential of cannabinoids, especially Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and synthetic cannabinoids; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Several attempts have been made to decipher the role of cannabinoids in modulating inflammasome signaling in the etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss recently published evidence on the effect of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling. We also discuss the contribution of various cannabinoids in human diseases concerning inflammasome regulation. Lastly, in the milieu of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we confer available evidence linking inflammasome activation to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 suggesting overall, the importance of cannabinoids as possible drugs to target inflammasome activation in or to support the treatment of a variety of human disorders including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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68
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Rakner JJ, Silva GB, Mundal SB, Thaning AJ, Elschot M, Ostrop J, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Gierman LM, Iversen AC. Decidual and placental NOD1 is associated with inflammation in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Placenta 2021; 105:23-31. [PMID: 33529885 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a normal physiological process that increases to harmful levels in preeclampsia. It affects the interaction between maternal immune cells and fetal trophoblasts at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface; decidua and placenta. The pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)1 is expressed at both sites. This study aimed to characterize the cellular expression and functionality of NOD1 at the maternal-fetal interface of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS Women with normal or preeclamptic pregnancies delivered by caesarean section were included. Decidual (n = 90) and placental (n = 91) samples were analyzed for NOD1 expression by immunohistochemistry and an automated image-based quantification method. Decidual and placental explants were incubated with or without the NOD1-agonist iE-DAP and cytokine responses measured by ELISA. RESULTS NOD1 was markedly expressed by maternal cells in the decidua and by fetal trophoblasts in both decidua and placenta, with trophoblasts showing the highest NOD1 expression. Preeclampsia with normal fetal growth was associated with a trophoblast-dependent increase in decidual NOD1 expression density. Compared to normal pregnancies, preeclampsia demonstrated stronger correlation between decidual and placental NOD1 expression levels. Increased production of interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-8 after in vitro explant stimulation confirmed NOD1 functionality. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that NOD1 contributes to inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in normal pregnancies and preeclampsia and indicate a role in direct maternal-fetal communication. The strong expression of NOD1 by all trophoblast types highlights the importance of combined assessment of decidua and placenta for overall understanding of pathophysiological processes at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Johnsen Rakner
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gabriela Brettas Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Boon Mundal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Josefin Thaning
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lobke Marijn Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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69
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Pickering RJ, Booty LM. NLR in eXile: Emerging roles of NLRX1 in immunity and human disease. Immunology 2020; 162:268-280. [PMID: 33314068 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRX1 is a member of the NOD-like receptor family, a set of pattern recognition receptors associated with innate immunity. Interestingly, NLRX1 exists in somewhat of an exile from its NLR counterparts with unique features that mediate atypical functions compared with traditional NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Aside from a mitochondrial targeting sequence, the N-terminal region is yet to be characterized. Mitochondrially located, NLRX1 sits within a subgroup of regulatory NLRs responsible for negatively regulating cellular inflammatory signalling. As well as modulating pathogen response, emerging evidence is implicating NLRX1 as a central homeostatic gatekeeper between mitochondrial biology and immunological response. More recently, NLRX1 has been implicated in a wide range of disease, both pathogen-driven and otherwise. Emerging links of NLRX1 in cancer biology, autoimmunity and other inflammatory conditions are raising the potential of targeting NLRX1 therapeutically, with recent studies in inflammatory bowel disease showing great promise. Within this review, we address the unique features of NLRX1, its roles in innate immune signalling and its involvement in a range of inflammatory, metabolic and oncology disease indications with a focus on areas that could benefit from therapeutic targeting of NLRX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pickering
- Immunology Network, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lee M Booty
- Immunology Network, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
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70
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Zheng C. The emerging roles of NOD-like receptors in antiviral innate immune signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:407-413. [PMID: 33347926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection triggers host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns to initiate antiviral innate immune responses. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a subgroup of cytosolic PRRs. While substantial advances have been made over the past decade, recent studies have unveiled NLRs' emerging roles in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathways. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here we present a detailed updated overview and novel insights into NLRs' functions in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, including TLR, RLR, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways, and highlight discrepancies in the reported findings and current challenges to future studies. A better understanding of this interplay's underlying molecular mechanisms is very important to provide scientific and theoretical bases for regulating antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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71
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Gimenez N, Tripathi R, Giró A, Rosich L, López-Guerra M, López-Oreja I, Playa-Albinyana H, Arenas F, Mas JM, Pérez-Galán P, Delgado J, Campo E, Farrés J, Colomer D. Systems biology drug screening identifies statins as enhancers of current therapies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22153. [PMID: 33335123 PMCID: PMC7746765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B lymphoid malignancy highly dependent on the microenvironment. Despite new targeted therapies such as ibrutinib and venetoclax, disease progression and relapse remain an issue. CLL cell interactions with the supportive tissue microenvironment play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. We used a platform for drug discovery based on systems biology and artificial intelligence, to identify drugs targeting key proteins described to have a role in the microenvironment. The selected compounds were screened in CLL cell lines in the presence of stromal cells to mimic the microenvironment and validated the best candidates in primary CLL cells. Our results showed that the commercial drug simvastatin was the most effective and selective out of the tested compounds. Simvastatin decreased CLL cell survival and proliferation as well as cell adhesion. Importantly, this drug enhanced the antitumor effect of venetoclax and ibrutinib. We proposed that systems biology approaches combined with pharmacological screening could help to find new drugs for CLL treatment and to predict new combinations with current therapies. Our results highlight the possibility of repurposing widely used drugs such as statins to target the microenvironment and to improve the efficacy of ibrutinib or venetoclax in CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Gimenez
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rupal Tripathi
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giró
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rosich
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica López-Guerra
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene López-Oreja
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heribert Playa-Albinyana
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Arenas
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Microenvironment in Lymphoma Pathogenesis and Therapy Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dolors Colomer
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain. .,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. .,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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WGCNA reveals key gene modules regulated by the combined treatment of colon cancer with PHY906 and CPT11. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226138. [PMID: 32812032 PMCID: PMC7468096 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT11) is one of the most effective drugs for treating colon cancer, but its severe side effects limit its application. Recently, a traditional Chinese herbal preparation, named PHY906, has been proved to be effective for improving therapeutic effect and reducing side effects of CPT11. The aim of the present study was to provide novel insight to understand the molecular mechanism underlying PHY906-CPT11 intervention of colon cancer. Based on the GSE25192 dataset, for different three treatments (PHY906, CPT11, and PHY906-CPT11), we screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and constructed a co-expression network by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify hub genes. The key genes of the three treatments were obtained by merging the DEGs and hub genes. For the PHY906-CPT11 treatment, a total of 18 key genes including Eif4e, Prr15, Anxa2, Ddx5, Tardbp, Skint5, Prss12 and Hnrnpa3, were identified. The results of functional enrichment analysis indicated that the key genes associated with PHY906-CPT11 treatment were mainly enriched in ‘superoxide anion generation’ and ‘complement and coagulation cascades’. Finally, we validated the key genes by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and RT-PCR analysis, the results indicated that EIF4E, PRR15, ANXA2, HNRNPA3, NCF1, C3AR1, PFDN2, RGS10, GNG11, and TMSB4X might play an important role in the treatment of colon cancer with PHY906-CPT11. In conclusion, a total of 18 key genes were identified in the present study. These genes showed strong correlation with PHY906-CPT11 treatment in colon cancer, which may help elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of PHY906-CPT11 treatment in colon cancer.
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73
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Bustos SO, Antunes F, Rangel MC, Chammas R. Emerging Autophagy Functions Shape the Tumor Microenvironment and Play a Role in Cancer Progression - Implications for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:606436. [PMID: 33324568 PMCID: PMC7724038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex environment where cancer cells reside and interact with different types of cells, secreted factors, and the extracellular matrix. Additionally, TME is shaped by several processes, such as autophagy. Autophagy has emerged as a conserved intracellular degradation pathway for clearance of damaged organelles or aberrant proteins. With its central role, autophagy maintains the cellular homeostasis and orchestrates stress responses, playing opposite roles in tumorigenesis. During tumor development, autophagy also mediates autophagy-independent functions associated with several hallmarks of cancer, and therefore exerting several effects on tumor suppression and/or tumor promotion mechanisms. Beyond the concept of degradation, new different forms of autophagy have been described as modulators of cancer progression, such as secretory autophagy enabling intercellular communication in the TME by cargo release. In this context, the synthesis of senescence-associated secretory proteins by autophagy lead to a senescent phenotype. Besides disturbing tumor treatment responses, autophagy also participates in innate and adaptive immune signaling. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated intricate crosstalk between autophagy and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), by which cancer cells obtain an invasive phenotype and metastatic potential. Thus, autophagy in the cancer context is far broader and complex than just a cell energy sensing mechanism. In this scenario, we will discuss the key roles of autophagy in the TME and surrounding cells, contributing to cancer development and progression/EMT. Finally, the potential intervention in autophagy processes as a strategy for cancer therapy will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Odete Bustos
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Rangel
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brazil
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He Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Lu X, Xing J, Lv J, Guo M, Huo X, Liu X, Lu J, Du X, Li C, Chen Z. Sustained Exposure to Helicobacter pylori Lysate Inhibits Apoptosis and Autophagy of Gastric Epithelial Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581364. [PMID: 33194715 PMCID: PMC7658535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is designated as a class I carcinogen of human gastric cancer following long-term infection. During this process, H. pylori bacteria persist in proliferation and death, and release bacterial components that come into contact with gastric epithelial cells and regulate host cell function. However, the impact of long-term exposure to H. pylori lysate on the pathological changes of gastric cells is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation and mechanisms involved in gastric cell dysfunction following continuous exposure to H. pylori lysate. We co-cultured gastric cell lines GES-1 and MKN-45 with H. pylori lysate for 30 generations, and we found that sustained exposure to H. pylori lysate inhibited GES-1 cell invasion, migration, autophagy, and apoptosis, while it did not inhibit MKN-45 cell invasion or migration. Furthermore, Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori ATCC 43504 strains for 90 weeks confirmed the in vitro results. The clinical and in vitro data indicated that sustained exposure to H. pylori lysate inhibited cell apoptosis and autophagy through the Nod1-NF-κB/MAPK-ERK/FOXO4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, sustained exposure to H. pylori lysate promoted proliferation of gastric epithelial cells and inhibited autophagy and apoptosis via Nod1-NF-κB/MAPK-ERK/FOXO4 signaling pathway. In the process of H. pylori-induced gastric lesions, H. pylori lysate plays as an “accomplice” to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cunlong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xing
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
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75
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Nasr R, Shamseddine A, Mukherji D, Nassar F, Temraz S. The Crosstalk between Microbiome and Immune Response in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186586. [PMID: 32916853 PMCID: PMC7556019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the end result of a complex interplay between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbial factors. The link between gut microbiome and gastric cancer has been attributed to persistent activation of the host's immune system by gut microbiota. The end result of this dysregulated interaction between host epithelium and microbes is a state of chronic inflammation. Gut bacteria can promote anti-tumor immune responses through several mechanisms. These include triggering T-cell responses to bacterial antigens that can cross-react with tumor antigens or cause tumor-specific antigen recognition; engagement of pattern recognition receptors that mediate pro-immune or anti-inflammatory effects or via small metabolites that mediate systemic effects on the host. Here we review the role of the gut microbiome including H. pylori and non-H. pylori gastric bacteria, the immune response, and immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors. We also review the evidence for cross talk between the gut microbiome and immune response in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (A.S.); (D.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (A.S.); (D.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Farah Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (A.S.); (D.M.); (F.N.)
| | - Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (A.S.); (D.M.); (F.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-137-4374
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76
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Chung C, Seo W, Silwal P, Jo EK. Crosstalks between inflammasome and autophagy in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:100. [PMID: 32703253 PMCID: PMC7376907 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammasomes and autophagy have important roles in the intracellular homeostasis, inflammation, and pathology; the dysregulation of these processes is often associated with the pathogenesis of numerous cancers. In addition, they can crosstalk with each other in multifaceted ways to influence various physiological and pathological responses, including cancer. Multiple molecular mechanisms connect the autophagy pathway to inflammasome activation and, through this, may influence the outcome of pro-tumor or anti-tumor responses depending on the cancer types, microenvironment, and the disease stage. In this review, we highlight the rapidly growing literature on the various mechanisms by which autophagy interacts with the inflammasome pathway, to encourage additional applications in the context of tumors. In addition, we provide insight into the mechanisms by which pathogen modulates the autophagy-inflammasome pathway to favor the infection-induced carcinogenesis. We also explore the challenges and opportunities of using multiple small molecules/agents to target the autophagy/inflammasome axis and their effects upon cancer treatment. Finally, we discuss the emerging clinical efforts assessing the potential usefulness of targeting approaches for either autophagy or inflammasome as anti-cancer strategies, although it remains underexplored in terms of their crosstalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Wonhyoung Seo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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77
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Identification of benzofused five-membered sultams, potent dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112575. [PMID: 32731185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 play important roles in immune system activation. Recently, a shift has occurred due to the emerging knowledge that preventing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) signaling could facilitate the treatment of some cancers, which warrants the search for dual antagonists of NOD1 and NOD2. Herein, we undertook the synthesis and identification of a new class of derivatives of dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists with novel benzofused five-membered sultams. Compound 14k was finally demonstrated to be the most potent molecule that inhibits both NOD1-and NOD2-stimulated NF-κB and MAPK signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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78
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Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070663. [PMID: 32674488 PMCID: PMC7408110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of checkpoint inhibition revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, studies from the last decade suggested that the sole enhancement of T cell functionality might not suffice to fight malignancies in all individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only part of the innate immune system, but also generals of adaptive immunity and they orchestrate the de novo induction of tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses. Thus, combinatorial approaches addressing DCs and T cells in parallel represent an attractive strategy to achieve higher response rates across patients. However, this requires profound knowledge about the dynamic interplay of DCs, T cells, other immune and tumor cells. Here, we summarize the DC subsets present in mice and men and highlight conserved and divergent characteristics between different subsets and species. Thereby, we supply a resource of the molecular players involved in key functional features of DCs ranging from their sentinel function, the translation of the sensed environment at the DC:T cell interface to the resulting specialized T cell effector modules, as well as the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the DC function. As of today, mostly monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are used in autologous cell therapies after tumor antigen loading. While showing encouraging results in a fraction of patients, the overall clinical response rate is still not optimal. By disentangling the general aspects of DC biology, we provide rationales for the design of next generation DC vaccines enabling to exploit and manipulate the described pathways for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Finally, we discuss how DC-based vaccines might synergize with checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of malignant diseases.
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79
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Gastrointestinal disorders-induced pain. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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80
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Liu X, Ma H, Fei L, Jiang M, Xia M, Bai L, Pi X, Chen S, Yu L. HPV-mediated down-regulation of NOD1 inhibits apoptosis in cervical cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:6. [PMID: 32021648 PMCID: PMC6993450 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. The persistent infection of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (hrHPV) is considered to be the primary cause of this disease. As an innate immune receptor, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein-1 (NOD1) recognizes the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), subsequently initiating immune responses. NOD1 is also involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway and mutates in many cancer cells. In the study, we revealed that NOD1 expression decreased during the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical cancer and that HPV16 E6/E7 oncoproteins induced down-regulation of NOD1. Moreover, the activation of NOD1 promoted the apoptosis of HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells. The data indicated that the dysregulation of NOD1-mediated inflammation and apoptosis may contribute to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Bai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Xufang Pi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Recent decades, there is significant progress in understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression and immune evasion. The newly discovered protein NLRC5 is demonstrated to participate in regulating cancer immune escape through enhancing MHC class I genes expression in certain tumors. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has revealed that NLRC5 is up-regulated in some other tumors and promote tumor development and progression. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of NLRC5 in tumors and discuss whether NLRC5 can be a potential target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Yadi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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82
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Tang F, Tie Y, Tu C, Wei X. Surgical trauma-induced immunosuppression in cancer: Recent advances and the potential therapies. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:199-223. [PMID: 32508035 PMCID: PMC7240866 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection remains the mainstay treatment for solid cancers, especially for localized disease. However, the postoperative immunosuppression provides a window for cancer cell proliferation and awakening dormant cancer cells, leading to rapid recurrences or metastases. This immunosuppressive status after surgery is associated with the severity of surgical trauma since immunosuppression induced by minimally invasive surgery is less than that of an extensive open surgery. The systemic response to tissue damages caused by surgical operations and the subsequent wound healing induced a cascade alteration in cellular immunity. After surgery, patients have a high level of circulating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering a local and systemic inflammation. The inflammatory metrics in the immediate postoperative period was associated with the prognosis of cancer patients. Neutrophils provide the first response to surgical trauma, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promotes cancer progression. Activated macrophage during wound healing presents a tumor-associated phenotype that cancers can exploit for their survival advantage. In addition, the amplification and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) or the elevated programmed death ligand-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression under surgical trauma, exacerbate the immunosuppression and favor of the formation of the premetastatic niche. Therapeutic strategies to reduce the cellular immunity impairment after surgery include anti-DAMPs, anti-postoperative inflammation or inflammatory/pyroptosis signal, combined immunotherapy with surgery, antiangiogenesis and targeted therapies for neutrophils, macrophages, MDSCs, and Tregs. Further, the application of enhanced recovery after surgery also has a feasible outcome for postoperative immunity restoration. Overall, current therapies to improve the cellular immunity under the special condition after surgery are relatively lacking. Further understanding the underlying mechanisms of surgical trauma-related immunity dysfunction, phenotyping the immunosuppressive cells, and developing the related therapeutic intervention should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of OrthopeadicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tie
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of OrthopeadicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
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83
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Liu P, Lu Z, Liu L, Li R, Liang Z, Shen M, Xu H, Ren D, Ji M, Yuan S, Shang D, Zhang Y, Liu H, Tu Z. NOD-like receptor signaling in inflammation-associated cancers: From functions to targeted therapies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:152925. [PMID: 31465982 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many studies have reported that some botanicals and natural products were able to regulate NOD-like receptor signaling. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) have been established as crucial regulators in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, cancer cell stemness and chemoresistance. NLRs specifically sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and respond by activating other signaling regulators, including Rip2 kinase, NF-κB, MAPK and ASC/caspase-1, leading to the secretion of various cytokines. PURPOSE The aim of this article is to review the molecular mechanisms of NOD-like receptor signaling in inflammation-associated cancers and the NLRs-targeted botanicals and synthetic small molecules in cancer intervention. RESULTS Aberrant activation of NLRs occurs in various cancers, orchestrating the tissue microenvironment and potentiating neoplastic risk. Blocking NLR inflammasome activation by botanicals or synthetic small molecules may be a valuable way to prevent cancer progression. Moreover, due to the roles of NLRs in regulating cytokine production, NLR signaling may be correlated with senescence-associated secretory phenotype. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss how NLR signaling is involved in inflammation-associated cancers, and highlight the NLR-targeted botanicals and synthetic small molecules in cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ruyan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhiquan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mingxiang Shen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Han Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dewan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mengchen Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Sirui Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yibang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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