51
|
Tamis A, Drapaca CS. Modeling NO Biotransport in Brain Using a Space-Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Equation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:644149. [PMID: 34248655 PMCID: PMC8267530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.644149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule that is involved in some critical biochemical processes in the body such as the regulation of cerebral blood flow and pressure. Infection and inflammatory processes such as those caused by COVID-19 produce a disequilibrium in the NO bioavailability and/or a delay in the interactions of NO with other molecules contributing to the onset and evolution of cardiocerebrovascular diseases. A link between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and NO is introduced. Recent experimental observations of intracellular transport of metabolites in the brain and the NO trapping inside endothelial microparticles (EMPs) suggest the possibility of anomalous diffusion of NO, which may be enhanced by disease processes. A novel space-fractional reaction-diffusion equation to model NO biotransport in the brain is further proposed. The model incorporates the production of NO by synthesis in neurons and by mechanotransduction in the endothelial cells, and the loss of NO due to its reaction with superoxide and interaction with hemoglobin. The anomalous diffusion is modeled using a generalized Fick’s law that involves spatial fractional order derivatives. The predictive ability of the proposed model is investigated through numerical simulations. The implications of the methodology for COVID-19 outlined in the section “Discussion” are purely exploratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tamis
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Corina S Drapaca
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Mussbacher M, Pirabe A, Brunnthaler L, Schrottmaier WC, Assinger A. Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets - Evidence and Implications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678362. [PMID: 34149456 PMCID: PMC8209332 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anita Pirabe
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alice Assinger
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Potential Treatments for Osteoarthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061287. [PMID: 34067325 PMCID: PMC8224601 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder of the joint and its prevalence and severity is increasing owing to ageing of the population. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage and remodeling of the underlying bone. There is little understanding of the cellular and molecular processes involved in pathophysiology of OA. Currently the treatment for OA is limited to painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, which only treat the symptoms. Some patients may also undergo surgical procedures to replace the damaged joints. Extracellular vesicles (EV) play an important role in intercellular communications and their concentration is elevated in the joints of OA patients, although their mechanism is unclear. Extracellular vesicles are naturally released by cells and they carry their origin cell information to be delivered to target cells. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly proliferative and have a great potential in cartilage regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of the current OA treatments and their limitations. We also discuss the role of EV in OA pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EV in OA and their challenges.
Collapse
|
54
|
Lugo-Gavidia LM, Burger D, Matthews VB, Nolde JM, Galindo Kiuchi M, Carnagarin R, Kannenkeril D, Chan J, Joyson A, Herat LY, Azzam O, Schlaich MP. Role of Microparticles in Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Endothelial Dysfunction, Thrombosis, and Inflammation. HYPERTENSION (DALLAS, TEX. : 1979) 2021; 77:1825-1844. [PMID: 33979187 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa (D.B.)
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Márcio Galindo Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany (D.K.)
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Anu Joyson
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Lakshini Y Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Internal Medicine (O.A.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology (M.P.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia.,Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Extracellular Vesicles and Asthma-More Than Just a Co-Existence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094984. [PMID: 34067156 PMCID: PMC8124625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures, which are secreted by almost every cell type analyzed so far. In addition to their importance for cell-cell communication under physiological conditions, EVs are also released during pathogenesis and mechanistically contribute to this process. Here we summarize their functional relevance in asthma, one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases. Asthma is a complex persistent inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and, from a long-term perspective, airway remodeling. Overall, mechanistic studies summarized here indicate the importance of different subtypes of EVs and their variable cargoes in the functioning of the pathways underlying asthma, and show some interesting potential for the development of future therapeutic interventions. Association studies in turn demonstrate a good diagnostic potential of EVs in asthma.
Collapse
|
56
|
Yamada M. Extracellular vesicles: Their emerging roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2021; 59:302-311. [PMID: 33753011 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveoli are the basic structure of the lungs, consisting of various types of parenchymal and bone marrow-derived cells including alveolar macrophages. These various types of cells have several important functions; thus, communication between these cells plays an important role in homeostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of diseases in the lungs. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of lung diseases, researchers have isolated each type of lung cell to investigate the changes in their gene expressions, including their humoral factor or adhesion molecules, to reveal the intercellular communication among these cells. In particular, investigations during the past decade have focused on extracellular vesicles, which are lipid bilayer delimited vesicles released from a cell that can move among various cells and transfer substances, including microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins, thus, functioning as intercellular messengers. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three general groups: apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microparticles. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes and microparticles, are attracting increasing attention from pulmonologists as tools for understanding pathogenesis and disease diagnosis. Here, we review studies, including our own, on exosomes and microparticles and their roles in both lung homeostasis and the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, the current global public health crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808574, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ma J, Yuan HX, Chen YT, Ning DS, Liu XJ, Peng YM, Chen C, Song YK, Jian YP, Li Y, Liu Z, Ou ZJ, Ou JS. Circulating endothelial microparticles: a promising biomarker of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:786. [PMID: 34268399 PMCID: PMC8246187 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Current diagnostic strategies for acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are nonspecific and limited. Previously, we demonstrated that circulating microparticles (MPs) in patients with valve heart disease (VHD) and congenital heart diseases (CHD) induce endothelial dysfunction and neutrophil chemotaxis, which may result in kidney injury. We also found that circulating MPs increase after cardiac surgery with CPB and are related to cardiac function. However, the relationship between circulating MPs and AKI after CPB is unknown. Methods Eighty-five patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were enrolled. Patients were divided into AKI and non-AKI groups based on the serum creatinine levels at 12 h and 3 d post-CPB. Circulating MPs were isolated from plasma, and their levels including its subtypes were detected by flow cytometer. Independent risk factors for the CPB-associated AKI (CPB-AKI) were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to measure the prognostic potential of CPB-AKI. Results The morbidity of AKI at 12 h and 3 d after cardiac surgery with CPB was 40% and 31.76%, respectively. The concentrations of total MPs and platelet-derived MPs (PMP) remained unchanged at 12 h and then increased at 3 d post-CPB, while that of endothelial-derived MPs (EMP) increased at both time points. In patients with AKI, PMP and EMP were elevated compared with the patients without AKI. However, no significant change was detected on monocyte-derived MPs (MMP) at 12 h and 3 d post-CPB. The logistic regression analysis showed that EMP was the independent risk factor for AKI both at 12 h and 3 d post-CPB. The area under ROC for the concentrations of EMP at 12 h and 3 d post-CPB was 0.86 and 0.91, with the specificity up to 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. Conclusions Circulating EMP may serve as a potential biomarker of AKI after cardiac surgery with CPB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Xiang Yuan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Sheng Ning
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ming Peng
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Kai Song
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Peng Jian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zui Liu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Ou
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Empagliflozin therapy and insulin resistance-associated disorders: effects and promises beyond a diabetic state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:e57-e78. [PMID: 34027215 PMCID: PMC8117073 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2021.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Empagliflozin is a SGLT2 inhibitor that has shown remarkable cardiovascular and renal activities in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Preclinical and clinical studies of empagliflozin in T2D population have demonstrated significant improvements in body weight, waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure – effects beyond its antihyperglycaemic control. Moreover, several studies suggested that this drug possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress properties. This paper explores extensively the main preclinical and clinical evidence of empagliflozin administration in insulin resistance-related disorders beyond a diabetic state. It also discusses its future perspectives, as a therapeutic approach, in this high cardiovascular-risk population.
Collapse
|
59
|
A study of endothelial and platelet microvesicles across different hypertension phenotypes. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 36:561-569. [PMID: 33837293 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rather than being mere biomarkers reflecting generalized vascular injury, endothelial- (EMVs) and platelet-derived (PMVs) microvesicles have emerged as potent regulators of intercellular communication with significant biologic effects in vascular homeostasis and several pathophysiological responses including inflammation and thrombosis. So far, studies in hypertension are scarce, whereas no studies exist in masked hypertension (MH). We measured EMVs and PMVs in untreated, newly diagnosed hypertensives (HTs) and MHs compared to normotensive controls (NTs), and associated them with various cardiovascular risk factors. Sustained hypertension (SHT) and MH were defined according to standard blood pressure (BP) criteria. All HTs were free of cardiovascular disease and medications. Microvesicles' quantitation and detection were performed by flow cytometry by using cell-specific antibodies and corresponding isotypes (anti-CD105 and anti-CD144 for EMVs, anti-CD42a for PMVs, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate for all microvesicles). In this study, we included 59 HTs (44 SHTs and 15 MHs) and 27 NTs. HTs had significantly elevated EMVs (p = 0.004), but not PMVs compared to NTs. MHs had significantly elevated EMVs compared to NTs (p = 0.012) but not compared to SHTs. Furthermore, EMVs significantly correlated with ambulatory (r = 0.214-0.284), central BP (r = 0.247-0.262), and total vascular resistance (r = 0.327-0.361). EMVs are increased not only in SHTs but also in MHs, a hypertension phenotype with a cardiovascular risk close to SHT. EMVs have emerged as active contributors to thromboinflammation and vascular damage and may explain, in part, the adverse cardiovascular profile of SHTs and MHs.
Collapse
|
60
|
Plasma microparticles of sickle patients during crisis or taking hydroxyurea modify endothelium inflammatory properties. Blood 2021; 136:247-256. [PMID: 32285120 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are submicron extracellular vesicles exposing phosphatidylserine (PS), detected at high concentration in the circulation of sickle cell anemia (SS) patients. Several groups studied the biological effects of MPs generated ex vivo. Here, we analyzed for the first time the impact of circulating MPs on endothelial cells (ECs) from 60 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. MPs were collected from SCD patients and compared with MPs isolated from healthy individuals (AA). Other plasma MPs were purified from SS patients before and 2 years after the onset of hydroxyurea (HU) treatment or during a vaso-occlusive crisis and at steady-state. Compared with AA MPs, SS MPs increased EC ICAM-1 messenger RNA and protein levels, as well as neutrophil adhesion. We showed that ICAM-1 overexpression was primarily caused by MPs derived from erythrocytes, rather than from platelets, and that it was abolished by MP PS capping using annexin V. MPs from SS patients treated with HU were less efficient to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in ECs compared with MPs collected before therapy. In contrast, MPs released during crisis increased ICAM-1 and neutrophil adhesion levels, in a PS-dependent manner, compared with MPs collected at steady-state. Furthermore, neutrophil adhesion was abolished by a blocking anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Our study provides evidence that MPs play a key role in SCD pathophysiology by triggering a proinflammatory phenotype of ECs. We also uncover a new mode of action for HU and identify potential therapeutics: annexin V and anti-ICAM-1 antibodies.
Collapse
|
61
|
Sun B, Zhai S, Zhang L, Sun G. The role of extracellular vesicles in podocyte autophagy in kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:299-316. [PMID: 33619681 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the key cells involved in protein filtration in the glomerulus. Once proteins appear in the urine when podocytes fail, patients will end with renal failure due to the progression of glomerular damage if no proper treatment is applied. The injury and loss of podocytes can be attributed to diverse factors, such as genetic, immunologic, toxic, or metabolic disorders. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism to eliminate the unwanted cytoplasmic materials and to prolong the lifespan of podocytes by alleviating cell damage and stress. Typically, the fundamental function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is to mediate the intercellular communication. Recent studies have suggested that, EVs, especially exosomes, play a certain role in information transfer by communicating proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs with recipient cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs assist in the bioinformation interchange between kidneys and other organs. It is suggested that EVs are related to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. However, the role of EVs in podocyte autophagy remains unclear so far. Here, this study integrated the existing information about the relevancy, diagnostic value and therapeutic potential of EVs in a variety of podocytes-related diseases. The accumulating evidence highlighted that autophagy played a critical role in the homeostasis of podocytes in glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baichao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubo Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Jacobo-Albavera L, Domínguez-Pérez M, Medina-Leyte DJ, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T. The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041593. [PMID: 33562440 PMCID: PMC7915494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein widely expressed in many tissues. One of its main functions is the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids across the plasma membrane to combine with apolipoproteins, mainly apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In addition, ABCA1 regulates cholesterol and phospholipid content in the plasma membrane affecting lipid rafts, microparticle (MP) formation and cell signaling. Thus, it is not surprising that impaired ABCA1 function and altered cholesterol homeostasis may affect many different organs and is involved in the pathophysiology of a broad array of diseases. This review describes evidence obtained from animal models, human studies and genetic variation explaining how ABCA1 is involved in dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), thrombosis, neurological disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, viral infections and in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City CP04510, Mexico
| | - Antonia González-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Liu ZZ, Jose PA, Yang J, Zeng C. Importance of extracellular vesicles in hypertension. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:342-353. [PMID: 33517775 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220974600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately 1.13 billion adults worldwide and is the leading global risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles participate in the development and progression of hypertension. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed structures released from nearly all types of eukaryotic cells. During their formation, extracellular vesicles incorporate various parent cell components, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that can be transferred to recipient cells. Extracellular vesicles mediate cell-to-cell communication in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Therefore, studying the role of circulating and urinary extracellular vesicles in hypertension has the potential to identify novel noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets of different hypertension phenotypes. This review discusses the classification and biogenesis of three EV subcategories (exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) and provides a summary of recent discoveries in the potential impact of extracellular vesicles on hypertension with a specific focus on their role in the blood pressure regulation by organs-artery and kidney, as well as renin-angiotensin-system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Z Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Production of erythrocyte microparticles in a sub-hemolytic environment. J Artif Organs 2021; 24:135-145. [PMID: 33420875 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-020-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles are produced by various cells due to a number of different stimuli in the circulatory system. Shear stress has been shown to injure red blood cells resulting in hemolysis or non-reversible sub-hemolytic damage. We hypothesized that, in the sub-hemolytic shear range, there exist sufficient mechanical stimuli for red blood cells to respond with production of microparticles. Red blood cells isolated from blood of healthy volunteers were exposed to high shear stress in a microfluidic channel to mimic mechanical trauma similar to that occurring in ventricular assist devices. Utilizing flow cytometry techniques, both an increase of shear rate and exposure time showed higher concentrations of red blood cell microparticles. Controlled shear rate exposure shows that red blood cell microparticle concentration may be indicative of sub-hemolytic damage to red blood cells. In addition, properties of these red blood cell microparticles produced by shear suggest that mechanical trauma may underlie some complications for cardiovascular patients.
Collapse
|
65
|
Wu SC, Kuo PJ, Rau CS, Wu YC, Wu CJ, Lu TH, Lin CW, Tsai CW, Hsieh CH. Subpopulations of exosomes purified via different exosomal markers carry different microRNA contents. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1058-1066. [PMID: 33456364 PMCID: PMC7807189 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of exosome populations presents a great challenge to their study. The current study was designed to investigate the potential heterogeneity miRNA contents in circulating exosomes purified via different exosomal markers. In this study, exosomes from the serum of C57BL/6 mice after cecum ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham operation were isolated by precipitation using ExoQuick-TC and affinity purified with anti-Rab5b, anti-CD9, anti-CD31, and anti-CD44 antibodies using the Exo-Flow Exosome Capture kit to collect exosome subpopulations. RNA extracted from the exosomes isolated by ExoQuick-TC were profiled by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was also employed to determine the expression profiles of four representative exosomal miRNAs (mmu-miR-486-5p, mmu-miR-10a-5p, mmu-miR-143-3p, and mmu-miR-25-3p) selected from the NGS analysis. The results revealed that the expression patterns of these miRNAs in exosomes isolated by ExoQuick-TC as determined by RT-qPCR and NGS were similar, showing upregulation of mmu-miR-10a-5p and mmu-miR-143-3p but downregulation of mmu-miR-25-3p and mmu-miR-486-5p following CLP when compared to the levels in exosomes from sham control mice. However, their expression levels in the antibody-captured exosome subpopulations varied. The miRNAs in the exosomes captured by anti-Rab5b or anti-CD9 antibodies were more similar to those isolated by ExoQuick-TC than to those captured by anti-CD44 antibodies. However, there were no significant differences in these four miRNAs in CD31-captured exosomes. This study demonstrated that purification with different exosomal markers allows the collection of different exosome subpopulations with various miRNA contents. The results of this study demonstrate the heterogeneity of circulating exosomes and suggest the importance of stratifying exosome subpopulations when using circulating exosomes as biomarkers or investigating exosome function. In addition, this study also emphasized the necessity of using a consistent exosome marker across different samples as detecting biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Jen Kuo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shyuan Rau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Hsiang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Franzago M, Lanuti P, Fraticelli F, Marchioni M, Buca D, Di Nicola M, Liberati M, Miscia S, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Biological insight into the extracellular vesicles in women with and without gestational diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:49-61. [PMID: 32335856 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy, with increasing prevalence worldwide and still unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potential biomarkers of disease-specific pathways in metabolic disorders, but their potential role in GDM is not fully understood. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the link between EVs and hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. METHODS We assessed 50 GDM women and 50 controls at the third trimester of pregnancy in whom we collected demographic characteristics and clinical and anthropometric parameters. In addition, the circulating total EVs (tEVs) and their subpopulations were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The levels of tEVs and EVs subtypes, expressed as median and interquartile range, were not significantly different between two groups; however, adipocyte-derived EVs (aEVs) concentration, expressed as percentage, was higher in controls than in GDM women (p = 0.045). In addition, a significant correlation was observed between aEVs (%) and third trimester total cholesterol (p = 0.022) within the GDM group. Furthermore, a significant correlation between endothelial-derived EVs (eEVs) and platelet-derived EVs (pEVs) within both groups was found, as well as a significant relation between aEVs and pEVs. CONCLUSIONS These data, although preliminary, represent the starting point for further studies to determine the role of circulating EVs in GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Fraticelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Marchioni
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Buca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Liberati
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Neves KB, Montezano AC, Lang NN, Touyz RM. Vascular toxicity associated with anti-angiogenic drugs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2503-2520. [PMID: 32990313 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the treatment of cancer has been revolutionised by the highly successful introduction of novel molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies, including small-molecule kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies that target angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways. Despite their anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer benefits, the use of VEGF inhibitors (VEGFi) and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been hampered by potent vascular toxicities especially hypertension and thromboembolism. Molecular processes underlying VEGFi-induced vascular toxicities still remain unclear but inhibition of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, oxidative stress, activation of the endothelin system, and rarefaction have been implicated. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms still remain elusive and there is an urgent need to better understand exactly how anti-angiogenic drugs cause hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This is especially important because VEGFi are increasingly being used in combination with other anti-cancer dugs, such as immunotherapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)), other TKIs, drugs that inhibit epigenetic processes (histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor) and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which may themselves induce cardiovascular injury. Here, we discuss vascular toxicities associated with TKIs, especially VEGFi, and provide an up-to-date overview on molecular mechanisms underlying VEGFi-induced vascular toxicity and cardiovascular sequelae. We also review the vascular effects of VEGFi when used in combination with other modern anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ninian N Lang
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Markova KL, Kozyreva AR, Gorshkova AA, Aleksandrova EP, Berezkina ME, Mikhailova VA, Ivanova AN, Kaputkina SY, Onokhin KV, Benken KA, Sel'kov SA, Sokolov DI. Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Size and Morphology of Microvesicles of Cell Lines. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:586-595. [PMID: 32910391 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphological properties and the size of microvesicles were assessed using atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, and granulometric analysis. As these methods require significant numbers of microvesicles, we chose microvesicles derived from cell lines for our research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Markova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A R Kozyreva
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Gorshkova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E P Aleksandrova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M E Berezkina
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V A Mikhailova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A N Ivanova
- Resource Centre for the Molecular and Cell Technologies Development, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Yu Kaputkina
- Resource Centre for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K V Onokhin
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K A Benken
- Resource Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S A Sel'kov
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D I Sokolov
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Sun IO, Kwon SH. Extracellular vesicles: a novel window into kidney function and disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 29:613-619. [PMID: 32889979 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been an increasing interest in extracellular vesicles as potential diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic biomarkers for various kidney diseases, as extracellular vesicles mediate cell-cell or intercellular communication. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding extracellular vesicles as a tool for examining kidney physiology and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Urinary extracellular vesicles may be useful as biomarkers to detect abnormal function in renal endothelial and tubular cells as well as podocytes. Recent studies suggest that urinary extracellular vesicles may facilitate early diagnosis and/or monitoring in acute kidney injury, glomerular disease, autosomal dominanat polycyst kidney disease and urinary tract malignancies. Circulating extracellular vesicles may serve as biomarkers to assess cardiovascular disease. SUMMARY Urinary and circulating extracellular vesicles have gained significant interest as potential biomarkers of renal diseases. Analysis of extracellular vesicles may serve as a logical diagnostic approach for nephrologists as well as provide information about disease pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In O Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Cardiovascular Toxicity of Specific Uremic Solutes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092024. [PMID: 32887404 PMCID: PMC7565564 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence strongly suggests a causal link between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Compared with non-CKD patients, patients with CKD suffer disproportionately from CVD and derive suboptimal benefits from interventions targeting conventional CVD risk factors. Uremic toxins (UTs), whose plasma levels rapidly rise as CKD progresses, represent a unique risk factor in CKD, which has protean manifestations on CVD. Among the known UTs, tryptophan metabolites and trimethylamine N-oxide are well-established cardiovascular toxins. Their molecular mechanisms of effect warrant special consideration to draw translational value. This review surveys current knowledge on the effects of specific UTs on different pathways and cell functions that influence the integrity of cardiovascular health, with implication for CVD progression. The effect of UTs on cardiovascular health is an example of a paradigm in which a cascade of molecular and metabolic events induced by pathology in one organ in turn induces dysfunction in another organ. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying such cross-organ pathologies will help uncover therapeutic targets to improve the management of CVD in patients with CKD.
Collapse
|
71
|
Bergen K, Mobarrez F, Jörneskog G, Wallén H, Tehrani S. High levels of endothelial and platelet microvesicles in patients with type 1 diabetes irrespective of microvascular complications. Thromb Res 2020; 196:78-86. [PMID: 32853980 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with type 1 diabetes have high risk of developing microvascular complications, and microangiopathy contributes to premature cardiovascular disease in this population. The role that microvesicles (MVs) may play in the development of microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma levels of endothelial MVs (EMVs) and platelet MVs (PMVs) in 130 patients with type 1 diabetes without microangiopathy, 106 patients with microangiopathy and 100 matched healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry. MV expression of procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS) and proinflammatory high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) was also assessed. RESULTS Patients with type 1 diabetes had markedly elevated levels of EMVs and PS+ EMVs as well as PMVs and PS+ PMVs compared to healthy controls (p < .001 for all). Furthermore, HMGB1+ EMVs and HMGB1+ PMVs were significantly increased in patients (p < .001 for all). After adjusting for potential confounders, there were no clear differences between patients with or without microvascular complications for any of the MV parameters. CONCLUSION Type 1 diabetes is a prothrombotic and proinflammatory disease state that, regardless of the presence of clinical microangiopathy, is associated with elevated levels of plasma MVs, in particular those of an endothelial origin. We have for the first time demonstrated that patients with type 1 diabetes have higher levels of HMGB1+ MVs. HMGB1 is an alarmin with potent proinflammatory effects that drive endothelial dysfunction, and it would therefore be of interest to further study the role of HMGB1+ MVs in the development of macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bergen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Nephrology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Gun Jörneskog
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Tehrani
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Effect of Physical Exercise on the Release of Microparticles with Angiogenic Potential. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication has a fundamental role in both human physiological and pathological states and various mechanisms are involved in the crosstalk between organs. Among these, microparticles (MPs) have an important involvement. MPs are a subtype of extracellular vesicles produced by a variety of cells following activation or apoptosis. They are normally present in physiological conditions, but their concentration varies in pathological states such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or cancer. Acute and chronic physical exercise are able to modify MPs amounts as well. Among various actions, exercise-responsive MPs affect angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing vessels. Usually, the neo vascular growth has functional role; but an aberrant neovascularization accompanies several oncogenic, ischemic, or inflammatory diseases. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the key adaptations to physical exercise and training. In the present review, we report evidence regarding the effect of various typologies of exercise on circulating MPs that are able to affect angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
73
|
Zhang S, Yin Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Zhang X. PAK4 suppresses TNF-induced release of endothelial microparticles in HUVECs cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12740-12749. [PMID: 32657762 PMCID: PMC7377857 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulated in many inflammatory diseases, and a potent inducer of endothelial cell-derived microparticle (EMP) formation. In this study, we identified the protein kinase PAK4 as a key regulator of the TNF-induced EMP release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF induces dose- and time-dependent EMP release and downregulation of PAK4 and upstream cdc42 in HUVECs. PAK4 suppression or inhibition of its kinase activity increases TNF-induced EMP release and apoptosis in HUVECs, while PAK4 overexpression reduces EMP release and apoptosis in TNF-stimulated cells. Collectively, these data indicate that PAK4 suppresses TNF-induced EMP generation occurring during apoptosis, and suggest that modulation of PAK4 activity may represent a novel approach to suppress the TNF-induced EMP levels in pro-inflammatory disorders and other pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Liu D, Cheng F, Pan S, Liu Z. Stem cells: a potential treatment option for kidney diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:249. [PMID: 32586408 PMCID: PMC7318741 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney diseases is emerging as a public health problem. Stem cells (SCs), currently considered as a promising tool for therapeutic application, have aroused considerable interest and expectations. With self-renewal capabilities and great potential for proliferation and differentiation, stem cell therapy opens new avenues for the development of renal function and structural repair in kidney diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that stem cells exert a therapeutic effect mainly by replacing damaged tissues and paracrine pathways. The benefits of various types of SCs in acute kidney disease and chronic kidney disease have been demonstrated in preclinical studies, and preliminary results of clinical trials present its safety and tolerability. This review will focus on the stem cell-based therapy approaches for the treatment of kidney diseases, including various cell sources used, possible mechanisms involved, and outcomes that are generated so far, along with prospects and challenges in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China. .,Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China. .,Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Li Y, Yuan H, Chen C, Chen C, Ma J, Chen Y, Li Y, Jian Y, Liu D, Ou Z, Ou J. Concentration of circulating microparticles: a new biomarker of acute heart failure after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:107-116. [PMID: 32548691 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) is a severe complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Although some AHF biomarkers have been used in clinic, they have limitations when applied in the prediction and diagnosis of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB, and there are still no effective and specific biomarkers. We and other researchers have shown that circulating microparticles (MPs) increased in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether the concentration of circulating MPs could be a new biomarker for AHF after cardiac surgery remains unknown. Here, 90 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB and 45 healthy subjects were enrolled. Patients were assigned into AHF (n=14) or non-AHF (n=76) group according to the diagnosis criteria of AHF. The concentrations of circulating MPs were determined before, as well as 12 h and 3 days after operation with nanoparticle tracking analysis technique. MPs concentrations in patients before surgery were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects. Plasma levels of MPs were significantly elevated at 12 h after surgery in patients with AHF, but not in those without AHF, and the circulating MPs concentrations at 12 h after surgery were higher in AHF group compared with non-AHF group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was an independent risk factor for AHF. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was 0.81 and the best cut-off value is 5.20×108 particles mL-1 with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 10%. These data suggested that the concentration of circulating MPs might be a new biomarker for the occurrence of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haoxiang Yuan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caiyun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yupeng Jian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhijun Ou
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingsong Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Javed Z, Papageorgiou M, Madden LA, Rigby AS, Kilpatrick ES, Atkin SL, Sathyapalan T. The effects of empagliflozin vs metformin on endothelial microparticles in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:563-569. [PMID: 32449697 PMCID: PMC7354739 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are novel, surrogate biomarkers of endothelial function and have been shown to be elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It remains poorly understood how pharmacological options for managing PCOS affect EMP levels. OBJECTIVE To characterise and compare the effects of empagliflozin vs metformin on the circulating levels of EMPs in overweight/obese women with PCOS. METHODS This was a randomised, comparative, 12-week single-centre trial conducted at the Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Hull, UK. This analysis includes data from 39 overweight/obese women with PCOS who completed the study and were randomised to empagliflozin (15 mg/day) (n = 19) or metformin (1500 mg/day) (n = 20). Blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment and analysed for specific surface proteins (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, E-selectin and endoglin) expressed by circulating EMPs using flow cytometry. RESULTS In the empagliflozin group, ICAM-1 (P = 0.006), E-selectin (P = 0.016) and VCAM-1 (P = 0.001) EMPs increased significantly following 12 weeks of treatment, but no changes were seen in PECAM-1 (P = 0.93) or endoglin (P = 0.13) EMPs. In the metformin group, VCAM-1 EMPs (P < 0.001) increased significantly after 12 weeks of treatment, whereas all other EMPs remained unchanged. When data were expressed as percentage change from baseline in each group, no significant differences were seen between groups for any biomarker (P-values from 0.22 to 0.80). CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of empagliflozin and metformin in overweight/obese women with PCOS appear to increase EMPs expressed by endothelial cells during their activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Javed
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Knowledge City, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Alan S Rigby
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Eric S Kilpatrick
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to T Sathyapalan:
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Kravets I, Mallipattu SK. The Role of Podocytes and Podocyte-Associated Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa029. [PMID: 32232184 PMCID: PMC7093089 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important public health problem. Podocyte injury is a central event in the mechanism of DKD development. Podocytes are terminally differentiated, highly specialized glomerular visceral epithelial cells critical for the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Although potential mechanisms by which diabetic milieu contributes to irreversible loss of podocytes have been described, identification of markers that prognosticate either the development of DKD or the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have only recently made it to the forefront. Currently, the most common marker of early DKD is microalbuminuria; however, this marker has significant limitations: not all diabetic patients with microalbuminuria will progress to ESKD and as many as 30% of patients with DKD have normal urine albumin levels. Several novel biomarkers indicating glomerular or tubular damage precede microalbuminuria, suggesting that the latter develops when significant kidney injury has already occurred. Because podocyte injury plays a key role in DKD pathogenesis, identification of markers of early podocyte injury or loss may play an important role in the early diagnosis of DKD. Such biomarkers in the urine include podocyte-released microparticles as well as expression of podocyte-specific markers. Here, we review the mechanisms by which podocyte injury contributes to DKD as well as key markers that have been recently implicated in the development and/or progression of DKD and might serve to identify individuals that require earlier preventative care and treatment in order to slow the progression to ESKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kravets
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Dolmatova EV, Wang K, Mandavilli R, Griendling KK. The effects of sepsis on endothelium and clinical implications. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:60-73. [PMID: 32215570 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis accounts for nearly 700 000 deaths in Europe annually and is caused by an overwhelming host response to infection resulting in organ failure. The endothelium is an active contributor to sepsis and as such represents a major target for therapy. During sepsis, endothelial cells amplify the immune response and activate the coagulation system. They are both a target and source of inflammation and serve as a link between local and systemic immune responses. In response to cytokines produced by immune cells, the endothelium expresses adhesion molecules and produces vasoactive compounds, inflammatory cytokines, and chemoattractants, thus switching from an anticoagulant to procoagulant state. These responses contribute to local control of infection, but systemic activation can lead to microvascular thrombosis, capillary permeability, hypotension, tissue hypoxia, and ultimately tissue damage. This review focuses on the role of the endothelium in leucocyte adhesion and transmigration as well as production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, microRNAs and cytokines, formation of signalling microparticles, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. We also discuss alterations in endothelial permeability and apoptosis. Finally, we review the diagnostic potential of endothelial markers and endothelial pathways as therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Dolmatova
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Keke Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rohan Mandavilli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
New concepts in regenerative medicine approaches to the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. Curr Opin Urol 2020; 29:380-384. [PMID: 30855380 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Update on recent regenerative medicine approaches to the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) caused by intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). RECENT FINDINGS In the treatment of female SUI/ISD, results using different types of cellular therapy have been disappointing, and new approaches are desirable. To advance our regenerative medicine approaches to SUI/ISD, it is critical to utilize animal models that best parallel the pathophysiology of this disease in women. Many current animal models mimic acute SUI/ISD. However, SUI/ISD in women is usually a chronic condition resulting from previous muscle and nerve sphincter damage during parturition or muscle loss during aging. Similar to women, a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of chronic SUI/ISD has demonstrated only modest response to cell therapy. However, treatment with stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1), also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) restored continence in this model. SUMMARY As a potential therapeutic approach, the use of a well characterized chemokine, such as CXCL12, may by-pass the lengthy and expensive process of cell isolation, expansion, and injection. Recent findings in this new NHP model of chronic SUI/ISD may open up the field for noncell-based treatments.
Collapse
|
80
|
Meyer AD, Rishmawi AR, Kamucheka R, Lafleur C, Batchinsky AI, Mackman N, Cap AP. Effect of blood flow on platelets, leukocytes, and extracellular vesicles in thrombosis of simulated neonatal extracorporeal circulation. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:399-410. [PMID: 31628728 PMCID: PMC7350929 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has frequent and sometimes lethal thrombotic complications. The role that activated platelets, leukocytes, and small (0.3-micron to 1-micron) extracellular vesicles (EVs) play in ECMO thrombosis is not well understood. OBJECTIVES To test the effect of blood flow rate on the generation of activated platelets, leukocytes, and EVs in a simulated neonatal ECMO circuit using heparinized human whole blood. METHODS Simulated neonatal roller pump circuits circulated whole blood at low, nominal, and high flow rates (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 L/min) for 6 h. Coagulopathy was defined by thromboelastography (TEG), STA® -procoagulant phospholipid clot time (STA®- Procoag-PPL), and calibrated automated thrombogram. High-resolution flow cytometry measured the cellular expression of prothrombotic phospholipids and proteins on platelets, leukocytes, and EV. RESULTS Despite heparinization, occlusive thrombosis halted flow in two of five circuits at 0.3 L/min and three of five circuits at 0.7 L/min. None of the five circuits at 0.5 L/min exhibited occlusive thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive platelets and EVs increased at all flow rates more than blood under static conditions (P < .0002). Tissue factor (TF)-positive leukocytes and EVs increased only in low-flow and high-flow circuits (P < .0001). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), at 50 times more than the concentration in healthy adults, failed to suppress thrombin initiation in low-flow and high-flow circuits. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study informs ECMO specialists to avoid low and high blood flow that increases TF expression on leukocytes and EVs, which likely initiate clot formation. Interventions to decrease TF generated by ECMO may be an effective approach to decrease thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Meyer
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Anjana R. Rishmawi
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robin Kamucheka
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Crystal Lafleur
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Andriy I. Batchinsky
- Extracorporeal Life Support, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew P. Cap
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Čolić J, Matucci Cerinic M, Guiducci S, Damjanov N. Microparticles in systemic sclerosis, targets or tools to control fibrosis: This is the question! JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:6-20. [PMID: 35382401 PMCID: PMC8922594 DOI: 10.1177/2397198319857356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is the main systemic fibrotic disease with unknown etiology characterized by peripheral microvascular injury, activation of immune system, and wide-spread progressive fibrosis. Microparticles can be derived from any cell type during normal cellular differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis, and also upon cellular activation. Carrying along a broad range of surface cytoplasmic and nuclear molecules of originating cells, microparticles are closely implicated in inflammation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, and immunopathogenesis. Recently, microparticles have been proposed as biomarkers of endothelial injury, which is the primary event in the genesis of tissue fibrosis. Microparticles may have a role in fostering endothelial to mesenchymal transition, thus giving a significant contribution to the development of myofibroblasts, the most important final effectors responsible for tissue fibrosis and fibroproliferative vasculopathy. Thanks to potent profibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor, high mobility group box 1 protein, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4, and antifibrotic agents, such as matrix metalloproteinases, microparticles may play an opposite role in fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Čolić
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of
Rheumatology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Matucci Cerinic
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC)
and Denothe Centre, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC)
and Denothe Centre, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nemanja Damjanov
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of
Rheumatology, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of
Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Acute effects of electronic and tobacco cigarettes on vascular and respiratory function in healthy volunteers: a cross-over study. J Hypertens 2020; 37:154-166. [PMID: 30063637 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the acute effects of nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes versus tobacco smoking on vascular and respiratory function and circulating microparticles, particularly platelet microparticles (PMPs, biomarker of haemostasis/thrombosis) and endothelial microparticles (EMPs, biomarker of endothelial function). METHODS Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, reactive hyperaemia index (RHI, microvascular reactivity), augmentation index (arterial stiffness) and respiratory function were assessed in 20 smokers immediately before and after electronic cigarettes use and tobacco smoking. The number of microparticles was determined by flow cytometry using counting beads as a reference. Labelling with Annexin-V was used to detect the total microparticle fraction. EMPs were characterized as CD31+CD42- and PMPs as CD31+CD42+. RESULTS HR increased after electronic cigarettes use and tobacco smoking (P < 0.001), whereas blood pressure remained unchanged (P > 0.05). RHI (P = 0.006), augmentation index (P = 0.010) but not augmentation index standardized to HR 75 bpm (P > 0.05) increased with electronic cigarettes use but not with tobacco smoking. Following tobacco smoking, there was a significant increase in total microparticles (P < 0.001), EMPs (P < 0.001) and PMPs (P < 0.001). In contrast, electronic cigarettes were only associated with an increase in PMPs (P < 0.001), with no significant changes in the total microparticle fraction or EMPs (all P > 0.05). Peak expiratory flow significantly decreased following electronic cigarettes use (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that acute exposure to tobacco smoking as well as electronic cigarettes influences vascular and respiratory function. Where tobacco smoking significantly increased microparticle formation, indicative of possible endothelial injury, electronic cigarettes use induced vasoreactivity and decreased peak expiratory flow. These findings suggest that both electronic cigarettes and tobacco smoking negatively impact vascular function.
Collapse
|
83
|
Martínez-Rojas PP, Quiroz-García E, Monroy-Martínez V, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Ruiz-Ordaz BH. Participation of Extracellular Vesicles from Zika-Virus-Infected Mosquito Cells in the Modification of Naïve Cells' Behavior by Mediating Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Viral Elements. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010123. [PMID: 31947958 PMCID: PMC7016930 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no safe vaccine or antivirals for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have been found. The pathogenesis of severe Zika, where host and viral factors participate, remains unclear. For the control of Zika, it is important to understand how ZIKV interacts with different host cells. Knowledge of the targeted cellular pathways which allow ZIKV to productively replicate and/or establish prolonged viral persistence contributes to novel vaccines and therapies. Monocytes and endothelial vascular cells are the main ZIKV targets. During the infection process, cells are capable of releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are mediators of intercellular communication. We found that mosquito EVs released from ZIKV-infected (C6/36) cells carry viral RNA and ZIKV-E protein and are able to infect and activate naïve mosquito and mammalian cells. ZIKV C6/36 EVs promote the differentiation of naïve monocytes and induce a pro-inflammatory state with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression. ZIKV C6/36 EVs participate in endothelial vascular cell damage by inducing coagulation (TF) and inflammation (PAR-1) receptors at the endothelial surface of the cell membranes and promote a pro-inflammatory state with increased endothelial permeability. These data suggest that ZIKV C6/36 EVs may contribute to the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection in human hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pablo Martínez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Elizabeth Quiroz-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Verónica Monroy-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Lourdes Teresa Agredano-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Blanca H. Ruiz-Ordaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +521-55-56228931
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Ning J, Xiang Z, Xiong C, Zhou Q, Wang X, Zou H. Alpha1-Antitrypsin in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Biomarker of Diabetic Kidney Disease Prior to Microalbuminuria. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2037-2048. [PMID: 32606862 PMCID: PMC7306457 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s250347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is related to inflammation and immune response, is the primary vascular complication of diabetes mellitus and also the leading etiology of end-stage renal disease. Urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) are an attractive source for biomarker detection as they involve molecular constituents derived from their parental sections of the nephron. In this study, we aimed to search for a potential biomarker in UEVs for the early diagnosis and prediction of DKD, especially before the emergence of microalbuminuria. PATIENTS AND METHODS UEVs were isolated from the urine of healthy subjects, pre-diabetic, and diabetic patients with varying degrees of kidney damage by ultracentrifugation, and the extracted UEVs were used to measure alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) by Western blot. To explore the function of α1-AT in the inflammatory process leading to DKD, we silenced the expression of α1-AT in renal tubular epithelial cells using cell transfection techniques to assess the differential expression of the inflammatory factors such as MCP-1 and TNF-α using qRT-PCR. RESULTS There was no expression of α1-AT in the UEVs of either healthy or pre-diabetic subjects. Its expression was significantly increased in the UEVs of diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (prior to microalbuminuria), which was more sensitive and more stable than other renal indexes to predict DKD. Additionally, the expression of α1-AT in UEVs was gradually upregulated with the aggravation of DKD and the decline of renal function. In vitro, the mRNA expression of MCP-1 and TNF-α was significantly decreased when the generation of α1-AT in tubular epithelial cells was inhibited under high glucose stimulation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that α1-AT derived from UEVs, especially in diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, might serve as a potential noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of DKD early in the development of the disease and may predict the future decline of renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicong Xiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hequn Zou Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 183 Zhongshan West Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20 6278 4391 Email
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Sheikh Hosseini M, Parhizkar Roudsari P, Gilany K, Goodarzi P, Payab M, Tayanloo-Beik A, Larijani B, Arjmand B. Cellular Dust as a Novel Hope for Regenerative Cancer Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1288:139-160. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
86
|
Amoura L, El-Ghazouani FZ, Kassem M, El Habhab A, Kreutter G, Sahraoui S, Bosco D, Jessel N, Berney T, Benhamou PY, Toti F, Kessler L. Assessment of plasma microvesicles to monitor pancreatic islet graft dysfunction: Beta cell- and leukocyte-derived microvesicles as specific features in a pilot longitudinal study. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:40-51. [PMID: 31319009 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Markers of early pancreatic islet graft dysfunction and its causes are lacking. We monitored 19 type 1 diabetes islet-transplanted patients for up to 36 months following last islet injection. Patients were categorized as Partial (PS) or complete (S) Success, or Graft Failure (F), using the β-score as an indicator of graft function. F was the subset reference of maximum worsened graft outcome. To identify the immune, pancreatic, and liver contribution to the graft dysfunction, the cell origin and concentration of circulating microvesicles (MVs) were assessed, including MVs from insulin-secreting β-cells typified by polysialic acid of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), and data were compared with values of the β-score. Similar ranges of PSA-NCAM+ -MVs were found in healthy volunteers and S patients, indicating minimal cell damage. In PS, a 2-fold elevation in PSA-NCAM+ -MVs preceded each β-score drop along with a concomitant rise in insulin needs, suggesting β-cell damage or altered function. Significant elevation of liver asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)+ -MVs, endothelial CD105+ -MVs, neutrophil CD66b+ -MVs, monocyte CD 14+ -MVs, and T4 lymphocyte CD4+ -MVs occurred before each β-score drop, CD8+ -MVs increased only in F, and B lymphocyte CD19+ -MVs remained undetectable. In conclusion, PSA-NCAM+ -MVs are noninvasive early markers of transplant dysfunction, while ASGPR+ -MVs signal host tissue remodeling. Leukocyte MVs could identify the cause of graft dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Amoura
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CLINICA Group, Contract Research Organization, Alger, Algeria
| | - Fatiha Z El-Ghazouani
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamad Kassem
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali El Habhab
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Kreutter
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Salah Sahraoui
- CLINICA Group, Contract Research Organization, Alger, Algeria
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of Surgery, Islet Isolation, and Transplantation, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Berney
- Department of Surgery, Islet Isolation, and Transplantation, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Benhamou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics Grenoble, Inserm U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Toti
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Kessler
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Federation of Translational Medicine (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Xagorari A, Gerousi M, Sioga A, Bougiouklis D, Argiriou A, Anagnostopoulos A, Sotiropoulos D. Identification of miRNAs from stem cell derived microparticles in umbilical cord blood. Exp Hematol 2019; 80:21-26. [PMID: 31734258 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood CD34+ (UCB-CD34+) stem cells are clinically used in hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, there are limitations in the use of umbilical cord blood transplants because of the small number of cells and delayed engraftment. To gain a better understanding of functional components of UCB, we have detected and characterized CD34+ microparticles (CD34+MPs) from cord blood units. We collected cord blood units and assessed the numbers of CD34+MPs before and after red blood cell and plasma depletion by SEPAX processing using flow cytometry analysis. In parallel we identified MPs by electron microscopy. CD34+MPs and cells were isolated by MACs sorting. MicroRNAs (miR-106, miR-221, miR-517, miR-519, and miR-221) exhibited a characteristic microRNA profile that was further validated in isolated CD34+MPs. We found that in cord blood, there are CD34+MPs that carry microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Xagorari
- Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Hematology, "G. Papanicolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Gerousi
- Institute of Applied Biosciences-Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, Greece
| | - Antonia Sioga
- Department of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Bougiouklis
- Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Hematology, "G. Papanicolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences-Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, Greece
| | - Achilles Anagnostopoulos
- Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Hematology, "G. Papanicolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Damianos Sotiropoulos
- Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Hematology, "G. Papanicolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Taus F, Meneguzzi A, Castelli M, Minuz P. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Target of Antiplatelet Agents. What Is the Evidence? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1256. [PMID: 31780927 PMCID: PMC6857039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived large extracellular vesicles (often referred to as microparticles in the field of cardiovascular disease) have been identified as effector in the atherothrombotic process, therefore representing a target of pharmacological intervention of potential interest. Despite that, limited evidence is so far available concerning the effects of antiplatelet agents on the release of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. In the present narrative review, the mechanisms leading to vesiculation in platelets and the pathophysiological processes implicated will be discussed. This will be followed by a summary of the present evidence concerning the effects of antiplatelet agents under experimental conditions and in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Taus
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Meneguzzi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Castelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine C, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Takei Y, Yamada M, Saito K, Kameyama Y, Sugiura H, Makiguchi T, Fujino N, Koarai A, Toyama H, Saito K, Ejima Y, Kawazoe Y, Kudo D, Kushimoto S, Yamauchi M, Ichinose M. Increase in circulating ACE-positive endothelial microparticles during acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.01188-2018. [PMID: 31320458 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01188-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are considered to be markers of endothelial injury, and lung microvascular endothelial cells express higher levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The aim of this study is to examine whether the number of ACE+ microvascular EMPs could be a prognostic marker for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in septic patients.The numbers of EMPs and ACE+ EMPs in the culture supernatant from human microvascular endothelial cells, as well as in the blood of mouse lung injury models and septic patients (n=82), were examined using flow cytometry.ACE+ EMPs in the culture supernatant from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells increased after exposure to an inflammatory stimulus. In the mouse lung injury models, the circulating ACE+ EMPs and ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio were higher than in the controls (p<0.001). The ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio was correlated with the wet/dry lung ratio (rs=0.775, p<0.001). The circulating ACE+ EMPs and ACE+ EMP/EMP ratio on admission were significantly increased in septic patients who developed ARDS compared with septic patients who did not (p<0.001).Therefore, circulating ACE+ EMPs may be a prognostic marker for the development of ARDS in the septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takei
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Saito
- Dept of Intensive Care Unit, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kameyama
- Dept of Intensive Care Unit, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomonori Makiguchi
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Toyama
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Saito
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ejima
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Kawazoe
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Dept of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Liu M, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Shang M, Liu M, Wu Y, Song J, Liu Y. Protective effects of circulating microvesicles derived from ischemic preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Apoptosis 2019; 23:436-448. [PMID: 29980896 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) have been shown to be involved in pathophysiology of ischemic heart diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here we investigated the effects of MVs derived from ischemic preconditioning (IPC-MVs) on myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Myocardial IPC model was elicited by three cycles of ischemia and reperfusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. IPC-MVs from the peripheral blood of the above animal model were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. IPC-MVs were administered intravenously (7 mg/kg) at 5 min before reperfusion procedure in I/R injury model which was induced by 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion of LAD in rats. We found that total IPC-MVs and different phenotypes, including platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), endothelial cell-derived MVs (EMVs), leucocyte-derived MVs and erythrocyte-derived MVs (RMVs) were all isolated which were identified membrane vesicles (< 1 µm) with corresponding antibody positive. The numbers of PMVs, EMVs and RMVs were significantly increased in circulation of IPC treated rats respectively. Additionally, treatment with IPC-MVs significantly alleviated damage of myocardium, and restored cardiac function of I/R injury rats, as evidenced by increased heart rate, and decreased the elevation of ST-segment. The size of myocardial infarction, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were also reduced significantly with IPC-MVs treatment, coincident with the above function amelioration. Moreover, IPC-MVs decreased the activity of caspase 3, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers, GRP78, CHOP and caspase 12 indicating the involvement of ERS-specific apoptosis in I/R injury, and cardioprotective effects of IPC-MVs. In summary, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism of IPC in which circulating IPC-MVs could protect hearts from I/R injury in rats through attenuation of ERS-induced apoptosis. These findings provide new insight into therapeutic potential of IPC-induced MVs in cardioprotection against I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Personnel, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Industrial Park, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yilu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Man Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Minglin Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yanna Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junqiu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Kafian S, Wallén H, Samad BA, Mobarrez F. Microvesicles from patients with acute coronary syndrome enhance platelet aggregation. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 79:507-512. [PMID: 31502883 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1663554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) released from leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In the present study, we assessed the potential pro-aggregatory properties of MVs obtained from ACS patients. Thus, we divided the patients into two groups based on clopidogrel-responsiveness, i.e. high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR; n = 16), and low or normal on-treatment platelet reactivity (non-HPR; n = 14), respectively. MVs from patients were obtained by high-speed centrifugation, and the pro-aggregatory effect of MVs added to fresh isolated platelets from healthy subjects were analyzed by 96-well microplate aggregometry. MVs from HPR patients significantly enhanced spontaneous platelet aggregation around two times more than MVs from non-HPR patients. The pro-aggregatory effect of three out of four MV phenotypes correlated to MV-concentrations as determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, MVs from patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 9) had a stronger pro-aggregatory effect compared to MVs from those without diabetes (n = 21; p = .025 between groups). In conclusion, MVs from ACS patients with clopidogrel non-responsiveness enhance platelet aggregation, as do MVs from ACS patients with diabetes. Thus, MVs from patients with hyperreactive platelets boost platelet aggregation. Blocking MV-formation may reduce platelet hyperreactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kafian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bassem A Samad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Gkaliagkousi E, Nikolaidou B, Gavriilaki E, Lazaridis A, Yiannaki E, Anyfanti P, Zografou I, Markala D, Douma S. Increased erythrocyte- and platelet-derived microvesicles in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:458-465. [PMID: 31046456 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119844691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the thrombotic microenvironment in early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus measuring platelet-derived, endothelial-derived and erythrocyte-derived microvesicles. METHODS We recruited 50 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who did not receive glucose-lowering treatment except for metformin and 25 matched non-type 2 diabetes mellitus volunteers. Microvesicles were measured with flow cytometry, glycated haemoglobin with high-performance liquid chromatography and advanced glycation end products with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly higher levels of platelet-derived microvesicles [195/μL (115-409) vs 110/μL (73-150), p = 0.001] and erythrocyte-derived microvesicles [26/μL (9-100) vs 9/μL (4-25), p = 0.007] compared to non-type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals. Platelet-derived microvesicles were positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p = 0.026) and glycated haemoglobin (p = 0.002). Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles were also positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p = 0.018) but not with glycated haemoglobin (p = 0.193). No significant association was observed between platelet-derived microvesicles (p = 0.126) or erythrocyte-derived microvesicles (p = 0.857) and advanced glycation end products. Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles predicted the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, independently of platelet-derived microvesicles. CONCLUSION In newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, ongoing atherothrombosis is evident during the early stages as evidenced by increased microvesicles levels. Furthermore, the association with glycemic profile suggests that microvesicles represent not only a novel mechanism by which hyperglycemia amplifies thrombotic tendency in type 2 diabetes mellitus but also early markers of thrombosis highlighting the need for earlier management of hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Barbara Nikolaidou
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthalia Yiannaki
- 2 Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Anyfanti
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Zografou
- 3 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Markala
- 2 Department of Hematology, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Douma
- 1 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Lu J, Hu ZB, Chen PP, Lu CC, Zhang JX, Li XQ, Yuan BY, Huang SJ, Ma KL. Urinary levels of podocyte-derived microparticles are associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:445. [PMID: 31700881 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Podocyte-derived microparticles (MPs) could be secreted from activated or apoptotic podocytes. An increased number of podocyte-derived MPs in the urine might reflect podocyte injury in renal diseases. This study aimed to observe the change of urinary podocyte-derived MP levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to further explore its correlation with the progression of CKD. Methods A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted in eighty patients with biopsy-proven CKD. Podocyte-derived MPs (annexin V and podocalyxin positive) were detected by flow cytometry. The number of urinary podocyte-derived MPs was analyzed to evaluate the association with biochemical measurements and pathological glomerulosclerosis assessment. Patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) were followed up after the six-month treatment of prednisone combined with tacrolimus to evaluate the association of urinary podocyte-derived MP levels and the remission of IMN. Results The CKD patients had higher urinary podocyte-derived MP levels compared with healthy controls (HCs). Baseline urinary levels of podocyte-derived MPs were positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria, while were inversely correlated with the percentage of global glomerulosclerosis. The urinary podocyte-derived MPs levels had good discrimination for glomerulosclerosis [area under curve (AUC), 0.66]. The urinary podocyte-derived MPs levels in IMN patients were significantly decreased accompanied with the recovery of abnormal clinical parameters after six-month treatment. Conclusions The urinary levels of podocyte-derived MPs were closely associated with podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis, which could be useful for monitoring disease activity in CKD patients. Urinary podocyte-derived MPs might be a non-invasive biomarker for the evaluation of early CKD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ze-Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei-Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen-Chen Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Xiu Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue-Qi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ben-Yin Yuan
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Si-Jia Huang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun-Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Lu J, Hu ZB, Chen PP, Lu CC, Zhang JX, Li XQ, Yuan BY, Huang SJ, Ma KL. Urinary podocyte microparticles are associated with disease activity and renal injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:303. [PMID: 31382919 PMCID: PMC6683479 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New non-invasive biomarkers are demanded to identify renal damage in various autoimmune-associated kidney diseases. Glomerular podocyte damage mediated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of lupus nephritis (LN). This study evaluated whether the podocyte-derived microparticles (MPs) were novel biomarkers of clinical and histological features in SLE patients with LN. Methods A cross-sectional study, including 34 SLE patients and 16 healthy controls, was designed. Urinary annexin V+ podocalyxin+ MPs of all participants were quantified by flow cytometry. The correlation of podocyte-derived MPs with clinical and histological parameters of SLE patients was analysed. Results The number of annexin V+ podocalyxin+ MPs from urine samples were markly increased in patients with SLE. Furthermore, the level of urinary podocyte-derived MPs was positively correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, anti-dsDNA antibody titre, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and proteinuria. Conversely, it was negatively correlated with the level of complement C3 and serum albumin. The number of urinary podocyte-derived MPs was significantly increased in SLE patients with high activity indices. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to assess the power for podocyte-derived MP levels in differentiating between SLE patients with and without LN. Podocyte-derived MP levels were able to differentiate between SLE patients with mild disease activity, as well as those with moderate and above disease activity. SLE patients showed increased podocyte-derived MP excretion into the urine. Conclusions These findings suggest that the change in urinary podocyte-derived MP levels could be useful for evaluating and monitoring SLE disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Ze Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Pei Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Chen Chen Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Jia Xiu Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Xue Qi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Ben Yin Yuan
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Si Jia Huang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Kun Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, NO. 87, Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nang Jing City, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Antovic A, Mobarrez F, Manojlovic M, Soutari N, De Porta Baggemar V, Nordin A, Bruchfeld A, Vojinovic J, Gunnarsson I. Microparticles Expressing Myeloperoxidase and Complement C3a and C5a as Markers of Renal Involvement in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:714-721. [PMID: 31371653 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate expression of terminal complement components C3a and C5a on circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive microparticles (MPO+MP) in relation to disease activity and renal involvement in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS Forty-six clinically well-characterized patients with AAV and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The concentration of MPO+MP expressing C3a and C5a was analyzed from citrate plasma by flow cytometry. Serum levels of C3a and C5a were determined using commercial ELISA. The assessment of vasculitis disease activity was performed using the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). Among patients, 23 had active disease with BVAS ≥ 2 and 14 patients had active renal flares. RESULTS AAV patients had significantly increased expression of C3a and C5a on MPO+MP compared to controls (both p < 0.0001). When the group of patients with active AAV was divided according to the presence of renal activity, the concentration of MPO+MP expressing C3a and C5a was significantly higher in patients with renal involvement compared to patients with nonrenal disease and controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The serum levels of C3a were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the renal subgroup, while there were no changes in serum levels of C5a comparing the renal and nonrenal groups. There was significant correlation between the disease activity measured by BVAS and the levels of C3a and C5a expressed on MPO+MP. CONCLUSION Determination of C3a and C5a on MPO+MP might be considered as a novel biomarker of renal involvement in patients with AAV and may be of importance in the pathogenetic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Antovic
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia. .,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital.
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Milena Manojlovic
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Nida Soutari
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Victoria De Porta Baggemar
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Annica Nordin
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Jelena Vojinovic
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Lundwall K, Mörtberg J, Mobarrez F, Jacobson SH, Jörneskog G, Spaak J. Changes in microparticle profiles by vitamin D receptor activation in chronic kidney disease - a randomized trial. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:290. [PMID: 31370809 PMCID: PMC6670162 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microparticles (MPs) are biomarkers and mediators of disease through their expression of surface receptors, reflecting activation or stress in their parent cells. Endothelial markers, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, are implicated in atherosclerosis and associated with cardiovascular risk. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have endothelial dysfunction and high levels of endothelial derived MPs. Vitamin D treatment has been reported to ameliorate endothelial function in CKD patients. We aimed to examine cell specific MP profiles and concentrations of MPs expressing the atherosclerotic markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 after treatment with paricalcitol in patients with CKD stage 3–4. Methods Sub-study of the previously reported SOLID trial where 36 patients were randomly assigned to placebo, 1 or 2 μg paricalcitol, for 12 weeks. MPs were measured by flow cytometry after labelling with antibodies against endothelial (CD62E), platelet (CD62P, CD41, CD154) leukocyte (CD45) and vascular (CD54, CD106) markers. Results Patients had a mean age of 65 years with a mean eGFR of 40 mL/min/1.73m2. Concentrations of ICAM-1 positive MPs were significantly reduced by treatment (repeated measures ANOVA p = 0.04). Repeated measures MANOVA of concentrations of endothelial, platelet and leukocyte MPs showed sustained levels in the 2 μg treatment group (p = 0.85) but a decline in the 1 μg (p = 0.04) and placebo groups (p = 0.005). Conclusions Treatment with paricalcitol reduces concentrations of ICAM-1 positive MPs. This is accompanied by sustained concentrations of all cell specific MPs in the 2 μg group, and decreasing concentrations in the other groups, possibly due to a more healthy and reactive endothelium with paricalcitol treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lundwall
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Josefin Mörtberg
- Department of Nephrology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan H Jacobson
- Department of Nephrology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gun Jörneskog
- Department of Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Spaak
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Gloor Y, Schvartz D, F Samer C. Old problem, new solutions: biomarker discovery for acetaminophen liver toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:659-669. [PMID: 31293190 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1642323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen is a well-known problem, the search for reliable biomarker of toxicity is still a current issue as clinical tools are missing to assess patients intoxicated following chronic use, sequential ingestion, use of modified release formulations or in case of delayed arrival to hospital. The need for new specific and robust biomarkers for acetaminophen toxicity has prompted many studies exploring the use of blood levels of acetaminophen derivatives, mitochondrial damage markers, liver cell apoptosis and/or necrosis markers and circulating microRNAs. Areas covered: In this review, we present a concise overview of the most promising biomarkers currently under evaluation including descriptions of their properties with respect to exposure type, APAP specificity, and potential clinical application. In addition, we illustrate the power of new technologies for biomarker research and describe their current application to the field of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Expert opinion: Recently the use of extracellular vesicles isolation in combination with omics techniques has opened a new perspective to the field of biomarker research. However, the potential of those new technologies for the prediction and monitoring of hepatic diseases and acetaminophen toxicity has not yet been fully taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gloor
- a Division of clinical pharmacology and toxicology, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Laboratory of clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- c Department of internal medicine specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Caroline F Samer
- a Division of clinical pharmacology and toxicology, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Laboratory of clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Tamarat R, Benderitter M. The Medical Follow-up of the Radiological Accident: Épinal 2006. Radiat Res 2019; 192:251-257. [PMID: 31265787 DOI: 10.1667/rr15262.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radia Tamarat
- Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IRSN), Health Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IRSN), Health Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Taguchi K, Narimatsu H, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. ERK-containing microparticles from a diabetic mouse induce endothelial dysfunction. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:221-233. [PMID: 30978700 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of diabetic vascular complications. Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles shed from the surface of blood and vascular cells that act as stimuli and during apoptosis. Circulating MPs of diabetic rats have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms require further study. In this study, we investigated how MPs from diabetic mice affect endothelial function. MPs were collected from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice as controls. The levels of MPs were assessed and characterized by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot blotting. Normal mice aortas were incubated with MPs and expressions of enzymes and vascular relaxation were analyzed. We found that (1) circulating MPs level increased in diabetic mice; (2) MPs impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation in mice aorta, but diabetic mice-derived MPs (diabetes mellitus (DM) MPs) were easier to attach to the endothelial cells than were control MPs; (3) DM MPs had more extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 than did control mice-derived MPs, and they induced ERK1/2 activation in mice aortas; (4) DM MPs decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in mice aortas, and eNOS was emitted from endothelial cells to blood in the shape of endothelial MPs. DM MPs significantly altered endothelial function by activation of ERK1/2, which might provide a therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Narimatsu
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Braun F, Müller RU. Urinary extracellular vesicles as a source of biomarkers reflecting renal cellular biology in human disease. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 154:43-65. [PMID: 31493821 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the focus of extensive research efforts attempting to uncover their biological function in health and disease. Likewise, numerous studies have investigated them as a source of potential biomarkers to complement or replace the routine diagnostic procedures. Urinary extracellular vesicles take a distinct place among these studies, as they hold the promise to reflect changes in the cellular biology of the nephron and can be isolated without any invasive procedure. However, their potential has been insufficiently exploited since both their biological function and their use for diagnostic purposes in human disease have only gained increasing attention in the last years. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge about urinary extracellular vesicles with a special focus on novel nomenclature recommendations, current techniques for urinary EV separation and potential biomarkers that have emerged from the analysis of urinary EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|