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McNitt DH, Van De Water L, Marasco D, Berisio R, Lukomski S. Streptococcal Collagen-like Protein 1 Binds Wound Fibronectin: Implications in Pathogen Targeting. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1933-1945. [PMID: 30182848 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180831165704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The outlook for an effective global vaccine is reduced because of significant antigenic variation among GAS strains worldwide. Other challenges in GAS therapy include the lack of common access to antibiotics in developing countries, as well as allergy to and treatment failures with penicillin and increasing erythromycin resistance in the industrialized world. At the portal of entry, GAS binds to newly deposited extracellular matrix, which is rich in cellular fibronectin isoforms with extra domain A (EDA, also termed EIIIA) via the surface adhesin, the streptococcal collagen-like protein 1 (Scl1). Recombinant Scl1 constructs, derived from diverse GAS strains, bind the EDA loop segment situated between the C and C' β-strands. Despite the sequence diversity in Scl1 proteins, multiple sequence alignments and secondary structure predictions of Scl1 variants, as well as crystallography and homology modeling studies, point to a conserved mechanism of Scl1-EDA binding. We propose that targeting this interaction may prevent the progression of infection. A synthetic cyclic peptide, derived from the EDA C-C' loop, binds to recombinant Scl1 with a micromolar dissociation constant. This review highlights the current concept of EDA binding to Scl1 and provides incentives to exploit this binding to treat GAS infections and wound colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley H McNitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 2095 Health Sciences North, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Livingston Van De Water
- Departments of Surgery and Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Frederico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 2095 Health Sciences North, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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Li H, Zhang S, Nie B, Long T, Qu X, Yue B. KR-12-a5 Reverses Adverse Effects of Lipopolysaccharides on HBMSC Osteogenic Differentiation by Influencing BMP/Smad and P38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:639. [PMID: 31231225 PMCID: PMC6561377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KR-12-a5 is an analogue of the antimicrobial peptide KR-12. Both of these two agents can play key effects in the treatment of infections such as osteomyelitis. Our previous work demonstrated that the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) can be enhanced by KR-12. The present study investigated if KR-12-a5 could reverse the adverse effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on HBMSC osteogenesis and the involved molecular mechanisms. We observed the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HBMSCs in the presence of KR-12-a5 by a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. The osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs was studied by alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin Red staining, and quantitative assays. Osteogenic differentiation marker levels were detected using real-time quantitative PCR analysis, which demonstrated that KR-12-a5 treatment reversed the inhibition of osteogenesis. Western blot analysis indicated that LPS-activated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was inhibited and BMP/Smad pathway was reactivated after KR-12-a5 treatment under induced osteogenic conditions. Furthermore, flow cytometry results demonstrated that KR-12-a5 relieved LPS-induced oxidative stress. Combining the LPS-treated mouse model results, we proved that KR-12-a5 reversed the adverse effects of LPS on HBMSC osteogenic differentiation by influencing the BMP/Smad and P38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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53
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Zhang R, Wang Z, Tian Y, Yin Q, Cheng X, Lian M, Zhou B, Zhang X, Yang L. Efficacy of Antimicrobial Peptide DP7, Designed by Machine-Learning Method, Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1175. [PMID: 31191493 PMCID: PMC6546875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a promising strategy against infections involving multidrug-resistant pathogens. In previous studies, we designed a short 12 amino acid AMP DP7, using a machine-learning method based on an amino acid activity contribution matrix. DP7 shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aim to investigate the efficacy of DP7 against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and reveal the potential mechanisms. First, by measuring the killing kinetics of DP7 against S. aureus and comparing these results with antibiotics with different antimicrobial mechanisms, we hypothesize that DP7, in addition to its known ability to induce cell wall cation damage, can also exert a full killing effect. With FITC-conjugated or biotin-labeled DP7, we tracked DP7's attachment, membrane permeation and subsequent intracellular distribution in S. aureus. These results indicated that the possible targets of DP7 were within the bacterial cells. Transcriptome sequencing of S. aureus exposed to DP7 identified 333 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) influenced by DP7, involving nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, cell wall destruction and pathogenesis, respectively, indicating the comprehensive killing efficacy of DP7. In addition, the genome sequencing results of the induced DP7 resistant strain S. aureus DP7-R revealed two-point mutations in the mprF and guaA gene. Moreover, in a murine model for MRSA blood stream infection, intravenously treating mice with DP7 showed a good protective effect on mice. In conclusion, DP7 is an effective bactericide for S. aureus, which deserves further study for clinical application and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Psoriasis is an (auto)immune-mediated disease that manifests as widespread
desquamative erythema. The TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17A axis is crucial to its
pathogenesis, which is demonstrated by its excellent therapeutic response to
biologics that target this axis. There is a strong association between
HLA-C*0602 and psoriasis, and researchers have identified autoantigens that are
restricted to this major histocompatibility class I molecule. These auto-Ags
include LL-37, A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain containing
thrombospondin type 1 motif-like 5 (ADAMTSL5), and keratin 17. IL-17A-producing
T cells have been identified in T cell populations that are reactive to these
auto-Ags. In addition, lipid Ags have surfaced as candidate auto-Ags that
activate IL-17A-producing T cells in a CD1a-restricted manner. In this article,
we review the candidate auto-Ags that may contribute to the activation of the
IL-17A-deviated immune response in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- 2 Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Al Tall Y, Abualhaijaa A, Alsaggar M, Almaaytah A, Masadeh M, Alzoubi KH. Design and characterization of a new hybrid peptide from LL-37 and BMAP-27. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1035-1045. [PMID: 31118709 PMCID: PMC6503343 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s199473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The world is heading to a post-antibiotic era where the treatment of bacterial infections will not be possible even with well-known last-line antibiotics. Unfortunately, the emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains is uncontrollable, and the humanity will face a life-threatening fate unless new antimicrobial agents with new bacterial target sites are promptly developed. Herein, we design a hybrid antimicrobial peptide (B1) from helical parts taken from the parent peptides: LL-37 and BMAP-27. The purpose of this design is to improve the potency and enhance the toxicity profile of the parent peptides. Methods: Rational design was used to hybridize two antimicrobial peptides, in which two helical parts from the bovine analog BMAP-27, and the human cathelicidin LL-37 were used to generate a novel peptide (B1). The physicochemical properties were checked using in silico methods. The antimicrobial activities were tested against nine control and resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. On the other hand, the antibiofilm activities were tested against four resistant strains. The cytotoxicity on mammalian cells was tested using HEK293, and the hemolysis activity was also investigated on human blood. Finally, synergistic studies were performed with four conventional antibiotics against four resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Results: The new peptide B1 exhibited broad-spectrum activities against all tested strains. The concentration against planktonic cells ranged between 10 and 20 µM. However, 40-60 µM were needed to eradicate the biofilms. B1 showed reduced toxicity toward mammalian cells with minimal hemolysis risk. On the other hand, the synergistic studies showed improved activities for the combined conventional antibiotics with a huge reduction in their minimum inhibitory concentration values. The concentrations of B1 peptide combined with the tested antibiotics were also decreased markedly down to 0.5 µM in some cases. Conclusion: B1 is a hybrid peptide from two cathelicidin peptides. It showed an improved activity compared to parent peptides. The hybridization was successful in this study. It generated a new potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial. The toxicity profile was improved, and the synergism with the convention antibiotics showed promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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56
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Furue K, Ito T, Tanaka Y, Yumine A, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Takemura M, Murata M, Yamamura K, Tsuji G, Furue M. Cyto/chemokine profile of in vitro scratched keratinocyte model: Implications of significant upregulation of CCL20, CXCL8 and IL36G in Koebner phenomenon. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:244-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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57
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Sharma P, Sharma N, Mishra P, Joseph J, Mishra DK, Garg P, Roy S. Differential Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Streptococcus pneumoniae Keratitis and STAT3-Dependent Expression of LL-37 by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010031. [PMID: 30845777 PMCID: PMC6470555 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial keratitis in the developing world with a growing trend of acquiring resistance against various antibiotics. In the current study, we determined the expression of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in response to S. pneumoniae in patients, as well as in primary and immortalized human corneal epithelial cells. We further focused on LL-37 and determined its expression in human cornea infected with S. pneumoniae and studied the killing ability of LL-37 against S. pneumoniae. The expression of AMPs was determined by quantitative PCR and the phosphorylation of signaling proteins was evaluated by immunoblot analysis. LL-37 expression was also determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot method and the killing ability of LL-37 against S. pneumoniae was determined by colony-forming units. Differential expression of antimicrobial peptides was observed in patients with S. pneumoniae keratitis. Although S. pneumoniae induced expression of the AMPs in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC), it did not induce AMP expression in U937, a human monocyte cell line. S. pneumoniae also caused activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in corneal epithelial cells. LL-37 was found to be effective against both laboratory and clinical strains of S. pneumoniae. LL-37 induction by S. pneumoniae in human corneal epithelial cells was mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, and inhibition of STAT3 activation significantly reduced LL-37 expression. Our study determines an extensive profile of AMPs expressed in the human cornea during S. pneumoniae infection, and suggests the potential of LL-37 to be developed as an alternative therapeutic intervention to fight increasing antibiotic resistance among bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Sharma
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Natalia Sharma
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
| | - Priyasha Mishra
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
| | - Joveeta Joseph
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Pathology Department, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
| | - Prashant Garg
- Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
- Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India.
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58
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Huang X, Hu B, Yang X, Gong L, Tan J, Deng L. The putative mature peptide of piscidin-1 modulates global transcriptional profile and proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1035-1043. [PMID: 30592965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Piscidins are important components in protecting microbial infections in teleost. The present study purified and identified a truncated peptide, whose sequence was very close to that of putative mature peptide of epinecidin-1 (piscidin-1) in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), Epi-1 (also named as short form of ecPis-1, ecPis-1S). The immunomodulatory effects of ecPis-1S on splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper were explored in vitro. The transcriptome study was carried out by De novo transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper. Regarding the profiles of gene expressions, 2994 genes were up-regulated and 2679 genes were down-regulated in the splenic lymphocytes stimulated by ecPis-1S. In the case of differential expression genes, 330 genes were involved in immune related pathways. Among them, 34 genes were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, 31 genes in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and 23 genes in leukocyte transendothelial migration, respectively. Immune-related genes selected for qRT-PCR verification, such as interleukin-1β (il-1b), tumor necrosis factor α (tnfa), T cell antigen receptor (tcr), major histocompatibility complex class I (mhc I), and mhc II were significantly up-regulated by ecPis-1S (p < 0.05). ecPis-1S could significantly enhance the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper in vitro (p < 0.05). In addition, the result of qRT-PCR revealed that ecPis-1S also significantly up-regulated cell cycle-related genes, including cyclin A (cyca), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cdk4, cell division cycle protein 6 (cdc6), and transforming growth factor β (tgfb) (p < 0.05), which suggested that ecPis-1S promoted the proliferation of lymphocytes by activating cell division cycle. In conclusion, the results indicated that the mature peptide of piscidin-1 in orange-spotted grouper could act as immune modulator and play an important role in regulation of the immune response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazi Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Bochao Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Licai Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
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59
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Abstract
The excellent response of psoriasis to anti-TNF-α(TNF)/IL23/IL17A biologics implies a crucial role for the TNF/IL23/IL17 axis in developing psoriasis. In addition to the TNF/IL23/IL17 axis provided by immune cells, current evidence points to an important contribution of TNF, IL23 and IL17C produced from non-hematopoietic keratinocytes. Therefore, crosstalk between immune cells and keratinocytes forms a multilayered feed-forward loop to accelerate the TNF/IL23/IL17A axis. Many biologics have already been licensed or are under clinical trials. Given that the IL-17 signature is more upregulated in the skin than in synovium in psoriatic arthritis, anti-IL-23/IL-17 agents seem to be superior to anti-TNF-α remedies in the treatment of skin lesions. In this review, we summarize recent topics in psoriasis and the TNF/IL23/IL17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan -
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60
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Coates M, Blanchard S, MacLeod AS. Innate antimicrobial immunity in the skin: A protective barrier against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007353. [PMID: 30522130 PMCID: PMC6283644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Coates
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah Blanchard
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Pinnell Center for Investigative Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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61
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Mylonas A, Conrad C. Psoriasis: Classical vs. Paradoxical. The Yin-Yang of TNF and Type I Interferon. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2746. [PMID: 30555460 PMCID: PMC6283263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic plaque psoriasis is a common debilitating skin disease. The identification of the pathogenic role of the TNF/IL-23/TH17 pathway has enabled the development of targeted therapies used in the clinic today. Particularly, TNF inhibitors have become a benchmark for the treatment of numerous chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. Although being highly effective in psoriasis treatment, anti-TNFs can themselves induce psoriasis-like skin lesions, a side effect called paradoxical psoriasis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive look at the different cellular and molecular players involved in classical plaque psoriasis and contrast its pathogenesis to paradoxical psoriasis, which is clinically similar but immunologically distinct. Classical psoriasis is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease driven by TNF, characterised by T-cells memory, and a relapsing disease course. In contrast, paradoxical psoriasis is caused by the absence of TNF and represents an ongoing type-I interferon-driven innate inflammation that fails to elicit T-cell autoimmunity and lacks memory T cell-mediated relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mylonas
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curdin Conrad
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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62
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Rozenbaum RT, Su L, Umerska A, Eveillard M, Håkansson J, Mahlapuu M, Huang F, Liu J, Zhang Z, Shi L, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Sharma PK. Antimicrobial synergy of monolaurin lipid nanocapsules with adsorbed antimicrobial peptides against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro is absent in vivo. J Control Release 2018; 293:73-83. [PMID: 30465823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are mostly due to bacteria in their biofilm-mode of growth, while penetrability of antimicrobials into infectious biofilms and increasing antibiotic resistance hamper infection treatment. In-vitro, monolaurin lipid nanocapsules (ML-LNCs) carrying adsorbed antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) displayed synergistic efficacy against planktonic Staphylococcus aureus, but it has not been demonstrated, neither in-vitro nor in-vivo, that such ML-LNCs penetrate into infectious S. aureus biofilms and maintain synergy with AMPs. This study investigates the release mechanism of AMPs from ML-LNCs and possible antimicrobial synergy of ML-LNCs with the AMPs DPK-060 and LL-37 against S. aureus biofilms in-vitro and in a therapeutic, murine, infected wound-healing model. Zeta potentials demonstrated that AMP release from ML-LNCs was controlled by the AMP concentration in suspension. Both AMPs demonstrated no antimicrobial efficacy against four staphylococcal strains in a planktonic mode, while a checkerboard assay showed synergistic antimicrobial efficacy when ML-LNCs and DPK-060 were combined, but not for combinations of ML-LNCs and LL-37. Similar effects were seen for growth reduction of staphylococcal biofilms, with antimicrobial synergy persisting only for ML-LNCs at the highest level of DPK-060 or LL-37 adsorption. Healing of wounds infected with bioluminescent S. aureus Xen36, treated with ML-LNCs alone, was faster when treated with PBS, while AMPs alone did not yield faster wound-healing than PBS. Faster, synergistic wound-healing due to ML-LNCs with adsorbed DPK-060, was absent in-vivo. Summarizing, antimicrobial synergy of ML-LNCs with adsorbed antimicrobial peptides as seen in-vitro, is absent in in-vivo healing of infected wounds, likely because host AMPs adapted the synergistic role of the AMPs added. Thus, conclusions regarding synergistic antimicrobial efficacy, should not be drawn from planktonic data, while even in-vitro biofilm data bear little relevance for the in-vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René T Rozenbaum
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Linzhu Su
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Anita Umerska
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM U1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- Equipe ATIP AVENIR, CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Biosciences and Materials, Section for Medical Technology, Box 857, 50115 Borås, Sweden
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Promore Pharma, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Fogdevreten 2, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Prashant K Sharma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands.
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63
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Dokoshi T, Zhang LJ, Nakatsuji T, Adase CA, Sanford JA, Paladini RD, Tanaka H, Fujiya M, Gallo RL. Hyaluronidase inhibits reactive adipogenesis and inflammation of colon and skin. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123072. [PMID: 30385720 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the role of hyaluronan (HA) in reactive adipogenesis, a local expansion of preadipocytes that provides host defense by release of antimicrobial peptides. We observed that HA accumulated during maturation of adipocytes in vitro and was associated with increased expression of preadipocyte factor 1, zinc finger protein 423, and early B cell factor 1. Although HA is normally abundant in the extracellular matrix, a further increase in HA staining occurred in mice at sites of reactive adipogenesis following injury of colon by dextran sodium sulfate or injury of skin from infection with Staphylococcus aureus. HA also abundantly accumulated around adipocytes seen in the colons of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This HA was necessary for adipocyte maturation because digestion of HA by administration of soluble hyaluronidase or transgenic expression of hyaluronidase 1 inhibited adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, hyaluronidase also suppressed inflammation of both skin and colon and decreased antimicrobial peptide expression by developing preadipocytes. This resulted in increased bacterial transit across the epithelial barrier despite decreased tissue injury from inflammation. These observations suggest HA plays an important role in reactive adipogenesis and host defense after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Wei R, Dhawan P, Baiocchi RA, Kim KY, Christakos S. PU.1 and epigenetic signals modulate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and C/EBPα regulation of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene in lung epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10345-10359. [PMID: 30387140 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LL-37, the only known human cathelicidin which is encoded by the human antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene, plays a critical role in protection against bacterial infection. We previously demonstrated that cathelicidin is induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) in human airway epithelial cells with a resultant increase in bactericidal activity. In this study we identify key factors that co-operate with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in the regulation of CAMP. Our results show for the first time that PU.1, the myeloid transcription factor (which has also been identified in lung epithelial cells), co-operates with the vitamin D receptor and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPα) to enhance the induction of CAMP in lung epithelial cells. Our findings also indicate that enhancement of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 regulation of CAMP by histone deacetylase inhibitors involves co-operation between acetylation and chromatin remodeling through Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1; a component of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable [SWI/SNF] complex). BRG1 can be an activator or repressor depending on BRG1-associated factors. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a methlytransferase which interacts with BRG1, represses 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 induced CAMP in part through dimethylation of H4R3. Our findings identify key mediators involved in the regulation of the CAMP gene in lung epithelial cells and suggest new approaches for therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to increase the antibacterial capability of the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ki-Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
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65
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Herman A, Herman AP. Antimicrobial peptides activity in the skin. Skin Res Technol 2018; 25:111-117. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health SciencesWarsaw College of Health and Engineering Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej P. Herman
- Department of Genetic EngineeringThe Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of Sciences Jabłonna, Warsaw Poland
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66
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Frasca L, Palazzo R, Chimenti MS, Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Bui L, Botti E, Giunta A, Bianchi L, Petricca L, Auteri SE, Spadaro F, Fonti GL, Falchi M, Evangelista A, Marinari B, Pietraforte I, Spinelli FR, Colasanti T, Alessandri C, Conti F, Gremese E, Costanzo A, Valesini G, Perricone R, Lande R. Anti-LL37 Antibodies Are Present in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Patients: New Biomarkers in PsA. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1936. [PMID: 30279686 PMCID: PMC6154218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. A third of psoriatic patients develop PsA via unknown mechanisms. No reliable diagnostic markers are available for PsA, or prognostic biomarkers for PsA development in psoriasis. We previously uncovered a pro-inflammatory role for cathelicidin LL37 in lesional psoriasis skin. LL37 binds nucleic acids and stimulates plasmacytoid/myeloid dendritic cells (pDC, mDCs) to secrete type I interferon (IFN-I) and pro-inflammatory factors. LL37 becomes an autoantigen for psoriatic Th1-Th17/CD8 T cells. Anti-LL37 antibodies were detected in systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease characterized by neutrophil-extracellular-traps release (NETosis) in target organs. LL37 can be substrate of irreversible post-translational modifications, citrullination or carbamylation, linked to neutrophil activity. Here we analyzed inflammatory factors, included LL37, in PsA and psoriasis plasma and PsA synovial fluids (SF)/biopsies. We show that LL37 (as a product of infiltrating neutrophils) and autoantibodies to LL37 are elevated in PsA, but not OA SF. Anti-LL37 antibodies correlate with clinical inflammatory markers. Anti-carbamylated/citrullinated-LL37 antibodies are present in PsA SF/plasma and, at lower extent, in psoriasis plasma, but not in controls. Plasma anti-carbamylated-LL37 antibodies correlate with PsA (DAS44) but not psoriasis (PASI) disease activity. Ectopic lymphoid structures, and deposition of immunoglobulin-(Ig)G-complexes (IC) co-localizing with infiltrating neutrophils, are observed in PsA and not OA synovial tissues (ST). Activated complement (C5a, C9), GM-CSF and IFN-I are up-regulated in PsA and not OA synovia and in PsA and psoriasis plasma but not in HD. C9 and GM-CSF levels in PsA SF correlate with clinical inflammatory markers and DAS44 (C9) and with anti-carbamylated/citrullinated-LL37 antibodies (GM-CSF and IFN-I). Thus, we uncover a role for LL37 as a novel PsA autoantibody target and correlation studies suggest participation of anti-LL37 antibodies to PsA pathogenesis. Notably, plasma antibodies to carbamylated-LL37, which correlate with DAS44, suggest their use as new disease activity markers. GM-CSF and complement C5a and C9 elevation may be responsible for autoantigens release by neutrophils and their modification, fueling inflammation and autoreactivity establishment. Finally, targeting GM-CSF, C5a, C9 can be beneficial in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frasca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria S Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bui
- Institute of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Botti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giunta
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Petricca
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone E Auteri
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia L Fonti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Evangelista
- Institute of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Marinari
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Pietraforte
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Spinelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Colasanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Skin Pathology Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Lande
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
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67
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Differential efficacy of biologic treatments targeting the TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17 axis in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Cytokine 2018; 111:182-188. [PMID: 30172115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis cause significant physical and psychological burdens for afflicted individuals. An accelerated TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17 axis is their major pathomechanism; therefore, anti-TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17 biologics are very effective for the treatment of skin and joint lesions in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Given that the IL-17 signature is more upregulated in the skin than in synovium in psoriatic arthritis, anti-IL-23/IL-17 agents seem to be superior to anti-TNF-α remedies in the treatment of skin lesions. In this review, we focus on the differential efficacy of anti-TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17 biologics in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
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68
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Abhimanyu, Coussens AK. The role of UV radiation and vitamin D in the seasonality and outcomes of infectious disease. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:314-338. [PMID: 28078341 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The seasonality of infectious disease outbreaks suggests that environmental conditions have a significant effect on disease risk. One of the major environmental factors that can affect this is solar radiation, primarily acting through ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and its subsequent control of vitamin D production. Here we show how UVR and vitamin D, which are modified by latitude and season, can affect host and pathogen fitness and relate them to the outcomes of bacterial, viral and vector-borne infections. We conducted a thorough comparison of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of UVR and vitamin D on pathogen fitness and host immunity and related these to the effects observed in animal models and clinical trials to understand their independent and complementary effects on infectious disease outcome. UVR and vitamin D share common pathways of innate immune activation primarily via antimicrobial peptide production, and adaptive immune suppression. Whilst UVR can induce vitamin D-independent effects in the skin, such as the generation of photoproducts activating interferon signaling, vitamin D has a larger systemic effect due to its autocrine and paracrine modulation of cellular responses in a range of tissues. However, the seasonal patterns in infectious disease prevalence are not solely driven by variation in UVR and vitamin D levels across latitudes. Vector-borne pathogens show a strong seasonality of infection correlated to climatic conditions favoring their replication. Conversely, pathogens, such as influenza A virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1, have strong evidence to support their interaction with vitamin D. Thus, UVR has both vitamin D-dependent and independent effects on infectious diseases; these effects vary depending on the pathogen of interest and the effects can be complementary or antagonistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa. and Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa
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69
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Heimroth RD, Casadei E, Salinas I. Effects of Experimental Terrestrialization on the Skin Mucus Proteome of African Lungfish ( Protopterus dolloi). Front Immunol 2018; 9:1259. [PMID: 29915597 PMCID: PMC5994560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal mucosal barriers constantly interact with the external environment, and this interaction is markedly different in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Transitioning from water to land was a critical step in vertebrate evolution, but the immune adaptations that mucosal barriers such as the skin underwent during that process are essentially unknown. Vertebrate animals such as the African lungfish have a bimodal life, switching from freshwater to terrestrial habitats when environmental conditions are not favorable. African lungfish skin mucus secretions contribute to the terrestrialization process by forming a cocoon that surrounds and protects the lungfish body. The goal of this study was to characterize the skin mucus immunoproteome of African lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, before and during the induction phase of terrestrialization as well as the immunoproteome of the gill mucus during the terrestrialization induction phase. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified a total of 974 proteins using a lungfish Illumina RNA-seq database, 1,256 proteins from previously published lungfish sequence read archive and 880 proteins using a lungfish 454 RNA-seq database for annotation in the three samples analyzed (free-swimming skin mucus, terrestrialized skin mucus, and terrestrialized gill mucus). The terrestrialized skin mucus proteome was enriched in proteins with known antimicrobial functions such as histones and S100 proteins compared to free-swimming skin mucus. In support, gene ontology analyses showed that the terrestrialized skin mucus proteome has predicted functions in processes such as viral process, defense response to Gram-negative bacterium, and tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling. Importantly, we observed a switch in immunoglobulin heavy chain secretion upon terrestrialization, with IgW1 long form (IgW1L) and IgM1 present in free-swimming skin mucus and IgW1L, IgM1, and IgM2 in terrestrialized skin mucus. Combined, these results indicate an increase in investment in the production of unique immune molecules in P. dolloi skin mucus in response to terrestrialization that likely better protects lungfish against external aggressors found in land.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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70
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Jiang J, Zhang Y, Indra AK, Ganguli-Indra G, Le MN, Wang H, Hollins RR, Reilly DA, Carlson MA, Gallo RL, Gombart AF, Xie J. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3-eluting nanofibrous dressings induce endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1417-1432. [PMID: 29972648 PMCID: PMC6219435 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop a nanofiber-based dressing capable of local sustained delivery of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and augmenting human CAMP induction. MATERIALS & METHODS Nanofibrous wound dressings containing 1,25(OH)2D3 were successfully prepared by electrospinning, which were examined in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. RESULTS 1,25(OH)2D3 was successfully loaded into nanofibers with encapsulation efficiency larger than 90%. 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a sustained release from nanofibers over 4 weeks. Treatment of U937 and HaCaT cells with 1,25(OH)2D3-loaded poly(ϵ-caprolactone) nanofibers significantly induced hCAP18/LL37 expression in monocytes and keratinocytes, skin wounds of humanized transgenic mice and artificial wounds of human skin explants. CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 containing nanofibrous dressings could enhance innate immunity by inducing antimicrobial peptide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Nutrition Graduate Program, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mai N Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ronald R Hollins
- Department of Surgery – Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Debra A Reilly
- Department of Surgery – Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery – General Surgery & Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, VA Nebraska – Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Nutrition Graduate Program, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery, Transplant & Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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71
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Expression in Escherichia coli of novel recombinant hybrid antimicrobial peptide AL32-P113 with enhanced antimicrobial activity in vitro. Gene 2018; 671:1-9. [PMID: 29859288 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens have become a major public health problem worldwide. New discoveries and strategies as regards antibiotic drug development are urgently in need for curing infected patients. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic peptides that play important roles in innate immune system with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Recently, hybrid AMPs have been reported to increase antimicrobial activity, stability, and in vivo half-life. In the present study, a gene encoding for AL32-P113 hybrid peptide consisting of two truncated active forms of human LL-37 and histatin-5 (Hst-5) was commercially constructed, cloned into pTXB-1 commercial plasmid, and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). To increase the yield of target protein expression, IPTG concentration, time and temperature were optimized. The results indicate that AL32-P113-intein fusion protein with 33.7 kDa was expressed mostly in inclusion form and estimated to be 20% of the total protein. After chitin affinity purification, 5.7-kDa of AL32-P113 peptide was separated with an average concentration of 12.1 mg per litre of bacterial culture and over 86% purity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity determination of recombinant AL32-P113 compared to synthetic peptides, LL-37, Hst-5, and L31-P113. The results implied that both hybrid peptides exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria and yeast cells whereas the L31-P113 peptide possessed approximately four times greater antimicrobial activity in gram-positive bacteria than parent LL-37. An increasing of undesired hemolysis of these hybrid peptides toward human red cells was also observed when red blood cell hemolytic assay was performed. Several factors including charge and secondary structure predicted by public software were utilized for explanation of the antimicrobial potency of both hybrid peptides. This study proved that hybrid peptides show broader and more potent antimicrobial ability against pathogens and they could be applied as a therapeutic approach for topical treatment of microbial infection in the future.
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72
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Furue K, Ito T, Tsuji G, Kadono T, Nakahara T, Furue M. Autoimmunity and autoimmune co-morbidities in psoriasis. Immunology 2018; 154:21-27. [PMID: 29315555 PMCID: PMC5904708 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by widespread scaly erythematous plaques that cause significant physical and psychological burdens for the affected individuals. Accelerated inflammation driven by the tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis is now known to be the major mechanism in the development of psoriasis. In addition, psoriasis has an autoimmune nature that manifests as autoreactive T cells and is co-morbid with other autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune bullous diseases, vitiligo, alopecia and thyroiditis. In this article, we review the recent topics on autoimmunity and autoimmune co-morbidities in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of DermatologyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of DermatologyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of DermatologySt Marianna University School of MedicineKawasakiJapan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of DermatologyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Division of Skin Surface SensingDepartment of DermatologyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of DermatologyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Division of Skin Surface SensingDepartment of DermatologyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Williams H, Campbell L, Crompton RA, Singh G, McHugh BJ, Davidson DJ, McBain AJ, Cruickshank SM, Hardman MJ. Microbial Host Interactions and Impaired Wound Healing in Mice and Humans: Defining a Role for BD14 and NOD2. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2264-2274. [PMID: 29723492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds cause significant patient morbidity and mortality. A key factor in their etiology is microbial infection, yet skin host-microbiota interactions during wound repair remain poorly understood. Microbiome profiles of noninfected human chronic wounds are associated with subsequent healing outcome. Furthermore, poor clinical healing outcome was associated with increased local expression of the pattern recognition receptor NOD2. To investigate NOD2 function in the context of cutaneous healing, we treated mice with the NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide and analyzed wound repair parameters and expression of antimicrobial peptides. Muramyl dipeptide treatment of littermate controls significantly delayed wound repair associated with reduced re-epithelialization, heightened inflammation, and up-regulation of murine β-defensins 1, 3, and particularly 14. We postulated that although murine β-defensin 14 might affect local skin microbial communities, it may further affect other healing parameters. Indeed, exogenously administered murine β-defensin 14 directly delayed mouse primary keratinocyte scratch wound closure in vitro. To further explore the role of murine β-defensin 14 in wound repair, we used Defb14-/- mice and showed they had a global delay in healing in vivo, associated with alterations in wound microbiota. Taken together, these studies suggest a key role for NOD2-mediated regulation of local skin microbiota, which in turn affects chronic wound etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Campbell
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel A Crompton
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian J McHugh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald J Davidson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sheena M Cruickshank
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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74
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Chen PH, Fang SY. The Expression of Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in the Human Nasal Mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/194589240401800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, has been discovered to be produced by a number of epithelial cells. It is identified as a key element in the innate host defense mechanism. Because little is known about the expression of LL-37 in human sinonasal tract, we conducted this study to investigate the expression of LL-37 in human nasal mucosa. Methods We investigated the expression of LL-37 gene by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and localization of LL-37 peptide by immunohistochemistry in the inferior turbinate mucosa of 7 normal subjects and the nasal polyps of 12 patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis. Results The transcripts of the LL-37 gene were detected in all human nasal tissues analyzed by RT-PCR. There is a significant increase of LL-37 mRNA expression in nasal polyps as compared with the normal nasal mucosa. Using immunohistochemistry, LL-37 peptide was localized in surface epithelial cells and submucosal glands. Conclusions Our findings suggest that LL-37 is expressed by nasal mucosa and is upregulated during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheen-Yie Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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75
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Clark M, Kim J, Etesami N, Shimamoto J, Whalen RV, Martin G, Okumura CYM. Group A Streptococcus Prevents Mast Cell Degranulation to Promote Extracellular Trap Formation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:327. [PMID: 29535718 PMCID: PMC5835080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in the past two decades has been a rising major public health concern. Due to a large number of GAS infections occurring in the skin, mast cells (MCs), innate immune cells known to localize to the dermis, could play an important role in controlling infection. MCs can exert their antimicrobial activities either early during infection, by degranulation and release of antimicrobial proteases and the cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide LL-37, or by forming antibacterial MC extracellular traps (MCETs) in later stages of infection. We demonstrate that MCs do not directly degranulate in response to GAS, reducing their ability to control bacterial growth in early stages of infection. However, MC granule components are highly cytotoxic to GAS due to the pore-forming activity of LL-37, while MC granule proteases do not significantly affect GAS viability. We therefore confirmed the importance of MCETs by demonstrating their capacity to reduce GAS survival. The data therefore suggests that LL-37 from MC granules become embedded in MCETs, and are the primary effector molecule by which MCs control GAS infection. Our work underscores the importance of a non-traditional immune effector cell, utilizing a non-conventional mechanism, in the defense against an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Clark
- Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kim
- Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neelou Etesami
- Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Ryan V. Whalen
- Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gary Martin
- Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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76
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Local Burn Injury Promotes Defects in the Epidermal Lipid and Antimicrobial Peptide Barriers in Human Autograft Skin and Burn Margin: Implications for Burn Wound Healing and Graft Survival. J Burn Care Res 2018; 38:e212-e226. [PMID: 27183442 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Burn injury increases the risk of morbidity and mortality by promoting severe hemodynamic shock and risk for local or systemic infection. Graft failure due to poor wound healing or infection remains a significant problem for burn subjects. The mechanisms by which local burn injury compromises the epithelial antimicrobial barrier function in the burn margin, containing the elements necessary for healing of the burn site, and in distal unburned skin, which serves as potential donor tissue, are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to establish defects in epidermal barrier function in human donor skin and burn margin, to identify potential mechanisms that may lead to graft failure and/or impaired burn wound healing. In this study, we established that epidermal lipids and respective lipid synthesis enzymes were significantly reduced in both donor skin and burn margin. We further identified diverse changes in the gene expression and protein production of several candidate skin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in both donor skin and burn margin. These results also parallel changes in cutaneous AMP activity against common burn wound pathogens, aberrant production of epidermal proteases known to regulate barrier permeability and AMP activity, and greater production of proinflammatory cytokines known to be induced by AMPs. These findings suggest that impaired epidermal lipid and AMP regulation could contribute to graft failure and infectious complications in subjects with burn or other traumatic injury.
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77
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Curtis MW, Hahn BL, Zhang K, Li C, Robinson RT, Coburn J. Characterization of Stress and Innate Immunity Resistance of Wild-Type and Δ p66 Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00186-17. [PMID: 29158430 PMCID: PMC5778354 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00186-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi is a causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common arthropod-borne disease in the United States. B. burgdorferi evades host immune defenses to establish a persistent, disseminated infection. Previous work showed that P66-deficient B. burgdorferi (Δp66) is cleared quickly after inoculation in mice. We demonstrate that the Δp66 strain is rapidly cleared from the skin inoculation site prior to dissemination. The rapid clearance of Δp66 bacteria is not due to inherent defects in multiple properties that might affect infectivity: bacterial outer membrane integrity, motility, chemotactic response, or nutrient acquisition. This led us to the hypothesis that P66 has a role in mouse cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (mCRAMP; a major skin antimicrobial peptide) and/or neutrophil evasion. Neither wild-type (WT) nor Δp66 B. burgdorferi was susceptible to mCRAMP. To examine the role of neutrophil evasion, we administered neutrophil-depleting antibody anti-Ly6G (1A8) to C3H/HeN mice and subsequently monitored the course of B. burgdorferi infection. Δp66 mutants were unable to establish infection in neutrophil-depleted mice, suggesting that the important role of P66 during early infection is through another mechanism. Neutrophil depletion did not affect WT B. burgdorferi bacterial burdens in the skin (inoculation site), ear, heart, or tibiotarsal joint at early time points postinoculation. This was unexpected given that prior in vitro studies demonstrated neutrophils phagocytose and kill B. burgdorferi These data, together with our previous work, suggest that despite the in vitro ability of host innate defenses to kill B. burgdorferi, individual innate immune mechanisms have limited contributions to controlling early B. burgdorferi infection in the laboratory model used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Curtis
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Beth L Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chunhao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenifer Coburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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78
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Di Virgilio F, Giuliani AL, Vultaggio-Poma V, Falzoni S, Sarti AC. Non-nucleotide Agonists Triggering P2X7 Receptor Activation and Pore Formation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:39. [PMID: 29449813 PMCID: PMC5799242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a ligand-gated plasma membrane ion channel belonging to the P2X receptor subfamily activated by extracellular nucleotides. General consensus holds that the physiological (and maybe the only) agonist is ATP. However, scattered evidence generated over the last several years suggests that ATP might not be the only agonist, especially at inflammatory sites. Solid data show that NAD+ covalently modifies the P2X7R of mouse T lymphocytes, thus lowering the ATP threshold for activation. Other structurally unrelated agents have been reported to activate the P2X7R via a poorly understood mechanism of action: (a) the antibiotic polymyxin B, possibly a positive allosteric P2X7R modulator, (b) the bactericidal peptide LL-37, (c) the amyloidogenic β peptide, and (d) serum amyloid A. Some agents, such as Alu-RNA, have been suggested to activate the P2X7R acting on the intracellular N- or C-terminal domains. Mode of P2X7R activation by these non-nucleotide ligands is as yet unknown; however, these observations raise the intriguing question of how these different non-nucleotide ligands may co-operate with ATP at inflammatory or tumor sites. New information obtained from the cloning and characterization of the P2X7R from exotic mammalian species (e.g., giant panda) and data from recent patch-clamp studies are strongly accelerating our understanding of P2X7R mode of operation, and may provide hints to the mechanism of activation of P2X7R by non-nucleotide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna L Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Vultaggio-Poma
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alba C Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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79
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Jiang H, Liang L, Qin J, Lu Y, Li B, Wang Y, Lin C, Zhou Q, Feng S, Yip SH, Xu F, Lai EY, Wang J, Chen J. Functional networks of aging markers in the glomeruli of IgA nephropathy: a new therapeutic opportunity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:33616-26. [PMID: 27127888 PMCID: PMC5085107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy(IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in China. Primary infections always occur before IgAN. However, the pathology of IgAN is still unclear. Previously we found that LL37, a protein secreted by senescent cells, was specific for the progression of IgAN, and also played a role in the neutrophil function. So we hypothesized that the infiltration of neutrophils, inflammation factors, and aging markers, which were modulated by functional networks, induced the immune response and renal injury. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) can be used to study the whole transcriptome and detect splicing variants that are expressed in a specific cell type or tissue. We separate glomerulus from the renal biopsy tissues. After RNA extraction, the sequences were analyzed with Illumina HiSeq 2000/2500. 381 genes with differential expression between the IgAN patients and the healthy controls were identified. Only PLAU, JUN, and FOS were related to DNA damage, telomere dysfunction-induced aging markers, neutrophil function and IgA nephropathy. The networks showed the possibility of these genes being connected. We conclude that DNA damage and telomere dysfunction could play important roles in IgA nephropathy. In addition, neutrophils are also important factors in this disease. The networks of these markers showed the mechanism pathways that are involved in the duration of the occurrence and progression of IgA nephropathy and might be a new therapeutic opportunity for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ludan Liang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bingjue Li
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shi Feng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shun H Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China.,Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Of China, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory Of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry Of Health, Key Laboratory Of Nephropathy, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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80
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Li H, Zhang S, Nie B, Du Z, Long T, Yue B. The antimicrobial peptide KR-12 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells by stimulating BMP/SMAD signaling. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15547-15557. [PMID: 35539499 PMCID: PMC9080063 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
KR-12 is the smallest fragment of human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37), and could play key roles in the treatment of multiple infections, including osteomyelitis. Our preliminary work found that KR-12 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs). The present study investigated whether KR-12 affects HBMSC osteogenic differentiation, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. HBMSC proliferation in the presence of KR-12 was observed with a cell counting 8 assay, and its effects on HBMSC cell cycle progression and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase, Sirius Red, and Alizarin Red staining and quantitative assays were used to study the osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs. The expression of osteogenic differentiation markers was detected by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. The activation of potentially related pathways was examined by luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. KR-12 treatment increased the osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs without cytotoxicity and did not influence the cell cycle or induce apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assays showed that KR-12 activated the transcription of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), a key gene in the BMP/SMAD pathway. Western blot analysis indicated that BMP/SMAD signaling was markedly activated by KR-12 stimulation in osteogenic induction conditions. SMAD phosphorylation was activated by KR-12 treatment, and was inhibited by both a transforming growth factor-β/SMAD inhibitor (LDN-193189 HCL) and BMP2 small interfering RNA (si-BMP2). LDN-193189 HCL and si-BMP2 treatment also abolished the KR-12-induced osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that KR-12 promotes HBMSC osteogenesis through the activation of BMP/SMAD signaling. KR-12 is the smallest fragment of human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37), and could play key roles in the treatment of multiple infections, including osteomyelitis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bin'en Nie
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhe Du
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Teng Long
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Renji Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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81
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Chen K, Bao Z, Gong W, Tang P, Yoshimura T, Wang JM. Regulation of inflammation by members of the formyl-peptide receptor family. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:64-77. [PMID: 28689639 PMCID: PMC5705339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with a variety of diseases. The hallmark of inflammation is leukocyte infiltration at disease sites in response to pathogen- or damage-associated chemotactic molecular patterns (PAMPs and MAMPs), which are recognized by a superfamily of seven transmembrane, Gi-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on cell surface. Chemotactic GPCRs are composed of two major subfamilies: the classical GPCRs and chemokine GPCRs. Formyl-peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the classical chemotactic GPCR subfamily with unique properties that are increasingly appreciated for their expression on diverse host cell types and the capacity to interact with a plethora of chemotactic PAMPs and MAMPs. Three FPRs have been identified in human: FPR1-FPR3, with putative corresponding mouse counterparts. FPR expression was initially described in myeloid cells but subsequently in many non-hematopoietic cells including cancer cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that FPRs possess multiple functions in addition to controlling inflammation, and participate in the processes of many pathophysiologic conditions. They are not only critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking, but are also implicated in tissue repair, angiogenesis and protection against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. A series recent discoveries have greatly expanded the scope of FPRs in host defense which uncovered the essential participation of FPRs in step-wise trafficking of myeloid cells including neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in host responses to bacterial infection, tissue injury and wound healing. Also of great interest is the FPRs are exploited by malignant cancer cells for their growth, invasion and metastasis. In this article, we review the current understanding of FPRs concerning their expression in a vast array of cell types, their involvement in guiding leukocyte trafficking in pathophysiological conditions, and their capacity to promote the differentiation of immune cells, their participation in tumor-associated inflammation and cancer progression. The close association of FPRs with human diseases and cancer indicates their potential as targets for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zhiyao Bao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peng Tang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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82
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van Well GTJ, Daalderop LA, Wolfs T, Kramer BW. Human perinatal immunity in physiological conditions and during infection. Mol Cell Pediatr 2017; 4:4. [PMID: 28432664 PMCID: PMC5400776 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-017-0070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrauterine environment was long considered sterile. However, several infectious threats are already present during fetal life. This review focuses on the postnatal immunological consequences of prenatal exposure to microorganisms and related inflammatory stimuli. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems of the fetus and neonate are immature, which makes them highly susceptible to infections. There is good evidence that prenatal infections are a primary cause of preterm births. Additionally, the association between antenatal inflammation and adverse neonatal outcomes has been well established. The lung, gastrointestinal tract, and skin are exposed to amniotic fluid during pregnancy and are probable targets of infection and subsequent inflammation during pregnancy. We found a large number of studies focusing on prenatal infection and the host response. Intrauterine infection and fetal immune responses are well studied, and we describe clinical data on cellular, cytokine, and humoral responses to different microbial challenges. The link to postnatal immunological effects including immune paralysis and/or excessive immune activation, however, turned out to be much more complicated. We found studies relating prenatal infectious or inflammatory hits to well-known neonatal diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Despite these data, a direct link between prenatal hits and postnatal immunological outcome could not be undisputedly established. We did however identify several unresolved topics and propose questions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs T J van Well
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht UMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School for Nutrition and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht UMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie A Daalderop
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht UMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht UMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Developmental Biology and Oncology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht UMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht UMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Developmental Biology and Oncology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center (Maastricht UMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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83
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Urdaneta V, Casadesús J. Interactions between Bacteria and Bile Salts in the Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Tracts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:163. [PMID: 29043249 PMCID: PMC5632352 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salts and bacteria have intricate relationships. The composition of the intestinal pool of bile salts is shaped by bacterial metabolism. In turn, bile salts play a role in intestinal homeostasis by controlling the size and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. As a consequence, alteration of the microbiome-bile salt homeostasis can play a role in hepatic and gastrointestinal pathological conditions. Intestinal bacteria use bile salts as environmental signals and in certain cases as nutrients and electron acceptors. However, bile salts are antibacterial compounds that disrupt bacterial membranes, denature proteins, chelate iron and calcium, cause oxidative damage to DNA, and control the expression of eukaryotic genes involved in host defense and immunity. Bacterial species adapted to the mammalian gut are able to endure the antibacterial activities of bile salts by multiple physiological adjustments that include remodeling of the cell envelope and activation of efflux systems and stress responses. Resistance to bile salts permits that certain bile-resistant pathogens can colonize the hepatobiliary tract, and an outstanding example is the chronic infection of the gall bladder by Salmonella enterica. A better understanding of the interactions between bacteria and bile salts may inspire novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases that involve microbiome alteration, as well as novel schemes against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Urdaneta
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Josep Casadesús
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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84
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Chen S, Ge L, Gombart AF, Shuler FD, Carlson MA, Reilly DA, Xie J. Nanofiber-based sutures induce endogenous antimicrobial peptide. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2597-2609. [PMID: 28960168 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop nanofiber-based sutures capable of inducing endogenous antimicrobial peptide production. METHODS We used co-axial electrospinning deposition and rolling to fabricate sutures containing pam3CSK4 peptide and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3). RESULTS The diameters and mechanical properties of the sutures were adjustable to meet the criteria of United States Pharmacopeia designation. 25D3 exhibited a sustained release from nanofiber sutures over 4 weeks. Pam3CSK4 peptide also showed an initial burst followed by a sustained release over 4 weeks. The co-delivery of 25D3 and pam3CSK4 peptide enhanced cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide production from U937 cells and keratinocytes compared with 25D3 delivery alone. In addition, the 25D3/pam3CSK4 peptide co-loaded nanofiber sutures did not significantly influence proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, or the monocytic cell lines U937 and HL-60. CONCLUSION The use of 25D3/pam3CSK4 peptide co-loaded nanofiber sutures could potentially induce endogenous antimicrobial peptide production and reduce surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Chen
- Department of Surgery-Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences & Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics & Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Franklin D Shuler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery-General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Debra A Reilly
- Department of Surgery-Plastic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant & Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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85
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Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhang X, Wang X, Wu K, Guan Q. Effects of cathelicidin-derived peptide from reptiles on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 192:41-53. [PMID: 29042014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are the largest family of antimicrobial peptides. C-BF, which is short for Cathelicidin-Bungarus Fasciatus, was isolated from snake venom. C-BF was found to be the most potential substitutes for antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the effects of cathelicidin-derived peptide C-BF, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage in weaned piglets, to evaluate the therapeutic effect of C-BF on infectious disease of piglets. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned into four groups: control, C-BF, LPS, and C-BF+LPS. The LPS and C-BF+LPS groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at fixed timepoints, while the control and C-BF groups were injected with equal volumes of saline. The C-BF and C-BF+LPS groups were then intraperitoneally injected with antimicrobial peptide C-BF, while the control and LPS groups were injected with equal volumes of saline. All piglets were observed for 15days and then sacrificed for analysis. The results showed that C-BF significantly improved the growth performance of weaned piglets compared with LPS-treated animals (P<0.05), and that C-BF could ameliorate the structural and developmental damage to the small intestine caused by LPS treatment. Further, the level of apoptosis in the LPS group was significantly higher than in the other three groups (P<0.05), as was the invasion of inflammatory cells into the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum (P<0.05), leading to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, the study indicates that C-BF treatment may be a potential therapy for LPS/pathogen-induced intestinal injury in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kebang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingfeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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86
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Zhang LJ, Sen GL, Ward NL, Johnston A, Chun K, Chen Y, Adase C, Sanford JA, Gao N, Chensee M, Sato E, Fritz Y, Baliwag J, Williams MR, Hata T, Gallo RL. Antimicrobial Peptide LL37 and MAVS Signaling Drive Interferon-β Production by Epidermal Keratinocytes during Skin Injury. Immunity 2017; 45:119-30. [PMID: 27438769 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 interferons (IFNs) promote inflammation in the skin but the mechanisms responsible for inducing these cytokines are not well understood. We found that IFN-β was abundantly produced by epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) in psoriasis and during wound repair. KC IFN-β production depended on stimulation of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) by the antimicrobial peptide LL37 and double stranded-RNA released from necrotic cells. MAVS activated downstream TBK1 (TANK-Binding Kinase 1)-AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1)-IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) signaling cascade leading to IFN-β production and then promoted maturation of dendritic cells. In mice, the production of epidermal IFN-β by LL37 required MAVS, and human wounded and/or psoriatic skin showed activation of MAVS-associated IRF3 and induction of MAVS and IFN-β gene signatures. These findings show that KCs are an important source of IFN-β and MAVS is critical to this function, and demonstrates how the epidermis triggers unwanted skin inflammation under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kimberly Chun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Adase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina Gao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Melanie Chensee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yi Fritz
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jaymie Baliwag
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael R Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tissa Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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87
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Ghosh P. Variation, Indispensability, and Masking in the M protein. Trends Microbiol 2017; 26:132-144. [PMID: 28867148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The M protein is the major surface-associated virulence factor of group A Streptococcus (GAS) and an antigenically variable target of host immunity. How selection pressures to escape immune recognition, maintain indispensable functions, and mask vulnerabilities have shaped the sequences of the >220M protein types is unclear. Recent experiments have shed light on this question by showing that, hidden within the antigenic variability of many M protein types, are sequence patterns conserved for recruiting human C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Other host factors may be recruited in a similar manner by conserved but hidden sequence patterns in the M protein. The identification of such patterns may be applicable to the development of a GAS vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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88
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Rabbi MF, Eissa N, Munyaka PM, Kermarrec L, Elgazzar O, Khafipour E, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Reactivation of Intestinal Inflammation Is Suppressed by Catestatin in a Murine Model of Colitis via M1 Macrophages and Not the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2017; 8:985. [PMID: 28871257 PMCID: PMC5566981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is growing awareness of a relationship between chromogranin-A (CHGA) and susceptibility to inflammatory conditions, the role of human catestatin [(hCTS); CHGA352–67] in the natural history of established inflammatory bowel disease is not known. Recently, using two different experimental models, we demonstrated that hCTS-treated mice develop less severe acute colitis. We have also shown the implication of the macrophages in this effect. The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether hCTS treatment could attenuate the reactivation of inflammation in adult mice with previously established chronic colitis; (2) whether this effect is mediated through macrophages or the gut microbiota. Quiescent colitis was induced in 7–8-week-old C57BL6 mice using four cycles (2–4%) of dextran sulfate sodium. hCTS (1.5 mg/kg/day) treatment or vehicle started 2 days before the last induction of colitis and continuing for 7 days. At sacrifice, macro- and microscopic scores were determined. Colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and TNF- α], anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF- β), classically activated (M1) (iNOS, Mcp1), and alternatively activated (M2) (Ym1, Arg1) macrophages markers were studied using ELISA and/or RT-qPCR. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages isolated from naïve mice and treated with hCTS (10−5 M, 12 h) were exposed to either lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml, 12 h) to polarize M1 macrophages or to IL-4/IL-13 (20 ng/ml) to polarize M2 macrophages. M1/M2 macrophage markers along with cytokine gene expression were determined using RT-qPCR. Feces and mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) samples were collected, and the V4 region of 16 s rRNA was sequenced. Micro- and macroscopic scores, colonic IL-6, IL-1β, TNF- α, and M1 macrophages markers were significantly decreased in the hCTS-treated group. Treatment did not have any effect on colonic IL-10, TGF-β, and M2 markers nor modified the bacterial richness, diversity, or the major phyla in colitic fecal and MAM samples. In vitro, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, as well as their gene expression, were significantly reduced in hCTS-treated M1 macrophages. hCTS treatment did not affect M2 macrophage markers. These findings suggest that hCTS treatment attenuates the severity of inflammatory relapse through the modulation of the M1 macrophages and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Rabbi
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Children Research Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Children Research Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peris M Munyaka
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Omar Elgazzar
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,The Children Research Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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89
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Coorens M, Schneider VAF, de Groot AM, van Dijk A, Meijerink M, Wells JM, Scheenstra MR, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Cathelicidins Inhibit Escherichia coli-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation in a Viability-Dependent Manner. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:1418-1428. [PMID: 28710255 PMCID: PMC5544931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the immune system needs to be tightly regulated to provide protection against infections and, at the same time, to prevent excessive inflammation to limit collateral damage to the host. This tight regulation includes regulating the activation of TLRs, which are key players in the recognition of invading microbes. A group of short cationic antimicrobial peptides, called cathelicidins, have previously been shown to modulate TLR activation by synthetic or purified TLR ligands and may play an important role in the regulation of inflammation during infections. However, little is known about how these cathelicidins affect TLR activation in the context of complete and viable bacteria. In this article, we show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills Escherichia coli in an immunogenically silent fashion. Our results show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills E. coli by permeabilizing the bacterial inner membrane and subsequently binds the outer membrane-derived lipoproteins and LPS to inhibit TLR2 and TLR4 activation, respectively. In addition, other cathelicidins, including human, mouse, pig, and dog cathelicidins, which lack antimicrobial activity under cell culture conditions, only inhibit macrophage activation by nonviable E. coli In total, this study shows that cathelicidins do not affect immune activation by viable bacteria and only inhibit inflammation when bacterial viability is lost. Therefore, cathelicidins provide a novel mechanism by which the immune system can discriminate between viable and nonviable Gram-negative bacteria to tune the immune response, thereby limiting collateral damage to the host and the risk for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Coorens
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Marit de Groot
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Meijerink
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands;
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90
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Immuno-Stimulatory Peptides as a Potential Adjunct Therapy against Intra-Macrophagic Pathogens. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081297. [PMID: 28777342 PMCID: PMC6152048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of infectious diseases is increasingly prone to failure due to the rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural components of the innate immune system of most living organisms. Their capacity to kill microbes through multiple mechanisms makes the development of bacterial resistance less likely. Additionally, AMPs have important immunomodulatory effects, which critically contribute to their role in host defense. In this paper, we review the most recent evidence for the importance of AMPs in host defense against intracellular pathogens, particularly intra-macrophagic pathogens, such as mycobacteria. Cathelicidins and defensins are reviewed in more detail, due to the abundance of studies on these molecules. The cell-intrinsic as well as the systemic immune-related effects of the different AMPs are discussed. In the face of the strong potential emerging from the reviewed studies, the prospects for future use of AMPs as part of the therapeutic armamentarium against infectious diseases are presented.
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91
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Saliva-Derived Host Defense Peptides Histatin1 and LL-37 Increase Secretion of Antimicrobial Skin and Oral Mucosa Chemokine CCL20 in an IL-1 α-Independent Manner. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:3078194. [PMID: 28815185 PMCID: PMC5549474 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3078194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though skin and oral mucosae are continuously in contact with commensal and opportunistic microorganisms, they generally remain healthy and uninflamed. Host defense peptides (HDPs) make up the body's first line of defense against many invading pathogens and are involved in the orchestration of innate immunity and the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the effect of two salivary HDPs, LL-37 and Hst1, on the inflammatory and antimicrobial response by skin and oral mucosa (gingiva) keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The potent antimicrobial chemokine CCL20 was investigated and compared with chemokines CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL27 and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-6. Keratinocyte-fibroblast cocultures showed a synergistic increase in CCL20 secretion upon Hst1 and LL-37 exposure compared to monocultures. These cocultures also showed increased IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL2 secretion, which was IL-1α dependent. Secretion of the antimicrobial chemokine CCL20 was clearly IL-1α independent. These results indicate that salivary peptides can stimulate skin as well as gingiva cells to secrete antimicrobial chemokines as part of the hosts' defense to counteract infection.
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92
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Das S, Sardar AH, Abhishek K, Kumar A, Rabidas VN, Das P. Cathelicidin augments VDR-dependent anti-leishmanial immune response in Indian Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:130-138. [PMID: 28662432 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indian Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is the cutaneous aftermath of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by L. donovani. Vitamin D-regulated cationic antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (hCAP-18/LL-37) has microbicidal and immunomodulatory role against cutaneous infections, but its role in PKDL remains elusive. METHODS Skin snips and blood-derived monocytes of PKDL patients (n=46), before (BT) and after (AT) chemotherapy, were used for this study. Serum vitamin D3 level was evaluated by ELISA. Cathelicidin and vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and flowcytometry in PKDL patients. The mechanistic effect of cathelicidin on macrophage differentiation and anti-leishmanial activity was assessed through RNA interference techniques followed by subsequent microscopic evaluation of in vitro parasite killing and Th1/Th2 counter-regulation by ELISA/RT-PCR. RESULTS Low vitamin D3 levels were accompanied with decreased expression of cathelicidin and VDR in PKDL-BT patients. Results suggested positive induction of VDR-dependent cathelicidin in PKDL macrophages by Amphotericin B treatment, which could be due to indirect effect of drug-induced IL12 upregulation. 1,25-Vitamin D3 stimulation induced cathelicidin in PKDL-BT patients through involvement of TLR2/IL-1β, but not TLR4. Cathelicidin also augmented the anti-leishmanial effect and macrophage activating potential of Amphotericin B, attributable to regulation of VDR-dependent enhancement of CD40, p-STAT-I and MHC-II expression leading to regulation of IL10/IL12 balance in PKDL-BT patient macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that cathelicidin augments anti-leishmanial macrophage activating property of Amphotericin B in a TLR2/VDR dependent mechanism, and advocate the development of novel adjunct treatment modality of cathelicidin with conventional Amphotericin B in PKDL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Das
- Department of Microbiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Abul Hasan Sardar
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research (I.C.M.R.), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research (I.C.M.R.), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research (I.C.M.R.), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vidya Nand Rabidas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research (I.C.M.R.), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research (I.C.M.R.), Patna, Bihar, India.
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93
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Gimblet C, Meisel JS, Loesche MA, Cole SD, Horwinski J, Novais FO, Misic AM, Bradley CW, Beiting DP, Rankin SC, Carvalho LP, Carvalho EM, Scott P, Grice EA. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Induces a Transmissible Dysbiotic Skin Microbiota that Promotes Skin Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:13-24.e4. [PMID: 28669672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin microbiota can impact allergic and autoimmune responses, wound healing, and anti-microbial defense. We investigated the role of skin microbiota in cutaneous leishmaniasis and found that human patients infected with Leishmania braziliensis develop dysbiotic skin microbiota, characterized by increases in the abundance of Staphylococcus and/or Streptococcus. Mice infected with L. major exhibit similar changes depending upon disease severity. Importantly, this dysbiosis is not limited to the lesion site, but is transmissible to normal skin distant from the infection site and to skin from co-housed naive mice. This observation allowed us to test whether a pre-existing dysbiotic skin microbiota influences disease, and we found that challenging dysbiotic naive mice with L. major or testing for contact hypersensitivity results in exacerbated skin inflammatory responses. These findings demonstrate that a dysbiotic skin microbiota is not only a consequence of tissue stress, but also enhances inflammation, which has implications for many inflammatory cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Gimblet
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacquelyn S Meisel
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A Loesche
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen D Cole
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Horwinski
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fernanda O Novais
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ana M Misic
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles W Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley C Rankin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucas P Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador 40110-160, Brazil
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador 40110-160, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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94
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 PMCID: PMC5339276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to “inflammaging” that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241doi|] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to "inflammaging" that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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96
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Abstract
Human skin is the first defense barrier against the external environment, especially microbial pathogens and physical stimulation. Many studies on skin health with Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been published for many years, including prevention of skin disease and improvement of skin conditions. LAB, a major group of gram-positive bacteria, are known to be beneficial to human health by acting as probiotics. Recent studies have shown that LAB and their extracts have beneficial effects on maintenance and improvement of skin health. Oral administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii inhibits the development of atopic disease. In addition, LAB and LAB extracts are known to have beneficial effects on intestinal diseases, with Lactobacillus plantarum having been shown to attenuate IL-10 deficient colitis. In addition to intestinal health, L. plantarum also has beneficial effects on skin. pLTA, which is lipoteichoic acid isolated from L. plantarum, has anti-photoaging effects on human skin cells by regulating the expression matrix meralloprotionase-1 (MMP-1) expression. While several studies have proposed a relationship between diseases of the skin and small intestines, there are currently no published reviews of the effects of LAB for skin health through regulation of intestinal conditions and the immune system. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the effects of LAB on skin health and its potential applications in beauty foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jeong
- a Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea
| | - Chang Y Lee
- b Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York USA
| | - Dae Kyun Chung
- a Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea.,b Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York USA.,c School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University , Yongin , South Korea.,d RNA Inc., College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , South Korea
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97
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Yang B, Suwanpradid J, Sanchez-Lagunes R, Choi HW, Hoang P, Wang D, Abraham SN, MacLeod AS. IL-27 Facilitates Skin Wound Healing through Induction of Epidermal Proliferation and Host Defense. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1166-1175. [PMID: 28132857 PMCID: PMC5552041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound repair requires a coordinated program of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation as well as resistance to invading microbes. However, the factors that trigger epithelial cell proliferation in this inflammatory process are incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-27 is rapidly and transiently produced by CD301b+ cells in the skin after injury. The functional role of IL-27 and CD301b+ cells is demonstrated by the finding that CD301b-depleted mice exhibit delayed wound closure in vivo, which could be rescued by topical IL-27 treatment. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the IL-27 receptor (Il27Ra−/−) attenuates wound healing, suggesting an essential role for IL-27 signaling in skin regeneration in vivo. Mechanistically, IL-27 feeds back on keratinocytes to stimulate cell proliferation and re-epithelialization in the skin, whereas IL-27 leads to suppression of keratinocyte terminal differentiation. Finally, we identify that IL-27 potently increases expression of the antiviral oligoadenylate synthetase 2, but does not affect expression of antibacterial human beta defensin 2 or regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha. Together, our data suggest a previously unrecognized role for IL-27 in regulating epithelial cell proliferation and antiviral host defense during the normal wound healing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Hoang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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98
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Rabbi MF, Munyaka PM, Eissa N, Metz-Boutigue MH, Khafipour E, Ghia JE. Human Catestatin Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2151. [PMID: 28144234 PMCID: PMC5239785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal tract is heavily colonized with a dense, complex, and diversified microbial populations. In healthy individuals, an array of epithelial antimicrobial agents is secreted in the gut to aid intestinal homeostasis. Enterochromaffin cells (EC) in the intestinal epithelium are a major source of chromogranin A (CgA), which is a pro-hormone and can be cleaved into many bioactive peptides that include catestatin (CST). This study was carried out to evaluate the possible impact of CST on gut microbiota in vivo using a mouse model. The CST (Human CgA352−372) or normal saline was intrarectally administered in C57BL/6 male mice for 6 days and then sacrificed. Feces and colonic mucosa tissue samples were collected, DNA was extracted, the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to MiSeq Illumina sequencing. The α-diversity was calculated using Chao 1 and β-diversity was determined using QIIME. Differences at the genus level were determined using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) was used to predict functional capacity of bacterial community. CST treatment did not modify bacterial richness in fecal and colonic mucosa-associated microbiota; however, treatment significantly modified bacterial community composition between the groups. Also, CST-treated mice had a significantly lower relative abundance of Firmicutes and higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, observed only in fecal samples. However, at lower phylogenetic levels, PLS-DA analysis revealed that some bacterial taxa were significantly associated with the CST-treated mice in both fecal and colonic mucosa samples. In addition, differences in predicted microbial functional pathways in both fecal and colonic mucosa samples were detected. The results support the hypothesis that CST treatment modulates gut microbiota composition under non-pathophysiological conditions, however, the result of this study needs to be further validated in a larger experiment. The data may open new avenues for the development of a potential new line of antimicrobial peptides and their use as therapeutic agents to treat several inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS), or other health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Rabbi
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peris M Munyaka
- Department of Immunology, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Strasbourg, France
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; The Children's Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; The Children's Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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Takahashi T, Gallo RL. The Critical and Multifunctional Roles of Antimicrobial Peptides in Dermatology. Dermatol Clin 2017; 35:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mahlapuu M, Håkansson J, Ringstad L, Björn C. Antimicrobial Peptides: An Emerging Category of Therapeutic Agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:194. [PMID: 28083516 PMCID: PMC5186781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1065] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides, are short and generally positively charged peptides found in a wide variety of life forms from microorganisms to humans. Most AMPs have the ability to kill microbial pathogens directly, whereas others act indirectly by modulating the host defense systems. Against a background of rapidly increasing resistance development to conventional antibiotics all over the world, efforts to bring AMPs into clinical use are accelerating. Several AMPs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials as novel anti-infectives, but also as new pharmacological agents to modulate the immune response, promote wound healing, and prevent post-surgical adhesions. In this review, we provide an overview of the biological role, classification, and mode of action of AMPs, discuss the opportunities and challenges to develop these peptides for clinical applications, and review the innovative formulation strategies for application of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Mahlapuu
- Promore Pharma AB, Karolinska Institutet Science ParkSolna, Sweden; The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Chemistry, Materials, and Surfaces Borås, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Ringstad
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Chemistry, Materials, and Surfaces Borås, Sweden
| | - Camilla Björn
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden; SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Chemistry, Materials, and SurfacesBorås, Sweden
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