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Xie N, Chu SN, Azzag K, Schultz CB, Peifer LN, Kyba M, Perlingeiro RCR, Chan SSK. In vitro expanded skeletal myogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas have high engraftment capacity. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2900-2912. [PMID: 34798067 PMCID: PMC8693664 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One major challenge in realizing cell-based therapy for treating muscle-wasting disorders is the difficulty in obtaining therapeutically meaningful amounts of engraftable cells. We have previously described a method to generate skeletal myogenic progenitors with exceptional engraftability from pluripotent stem cells via teratoma formation. Here, we show that these cells are functionally expandable in vitro while retaining their in vivo regenerative potential. Within 37 days in culture, teratoma-derived skeletal myogenic progenitors were expandable to a billion-fold. Similar to their freshly sorted counterparts, the expanded cells expressed PAX7 and were capable of forming multinucleated myotubes in vitro. Importantly, these cells remained highly regenerative in vivo. Upon transplantation, the expanded cells formed new DYSTROPHIN+ fibers that reconstituted up to 40% of tibialis anterior muscle volume and repopulated the muscle stem cell pool. Our study thereby demonstrates the possibility of producing large quantities of engraftable skeletal myogenic cells for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sabrina N Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Karim Azzag
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cassandra B Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Lindsay N Peifer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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52
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Park Y, Chung TS, Lee G, Rogers JA. Materials Chemistry of Neural Interface Technologies and Recent Advances in Three-Dimensional Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5277-5316. [PMID: 34739219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in materials chemistry and engineering serve as the basis for multifunctional neural interfaces that span length scales from individual neurons to neural networks, neural tissues, and complete neural systems. Such technologies exploit electrical, electrochemical, optical, and/or pharmacological modalities in sensing and neuromodulation for fundamental studies in neuroscience research, with additional potential to serve as routes for monitoring and treating neurodegenerative diseases and for rehabilitating patients. This review summarizes the essential role of chemistry in this field of research, with an emphasis on recently published results and developing trends. The focus is on enabling materials in diverse device constructs, including their latest utilization in 3D bioelectronic frameworks formed by 3D printing, self-folding, and mechanically guided assembly. A concluding section highlights key challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonseok Park
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ted S Chung
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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53
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Lappin T, Cheng T. An urgent need for standardization of stem cells and stem cell-derived products toward clinical applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10 Suppl 2:S1-S3. [PMID: 34724716 PMCID: PMC8560195 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lappin
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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54
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Garmany A, Yamada S, Terzic A. Longevity leap: mind the healthspan gap. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:57. [PMID: 34556664 PMCID: PMC8460831 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased by three decades since the mid-twentieth century. Parallel healthspan expansion has however not followed, largely impeded by the pandemic of chronic diseases afflicting a growing older population. The lag in quality of life is a recognized challenge that calls for prioritization of disease-free longevity. Contemporary communal, clinical and research trends aspiring to extend the health horizon are here outlined in the context of an evolving epidemiology. A shared action integrating public and societal endeavors with emerging interventions that target age-related multimorbidity and frailty is needed. A multidimensional buildout of a curative perspective, boosted by modern anti-senescent and regenerative technology with augmented decision making, would require dedicated resources and cost-effective validation to responsibly bridge the healthspan-lifespan gap for a future of equitable global wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Garmany
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Regenerative Sciences Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Satsuki Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Family Comprehensive Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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55
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Novel therapies using cell sheets engineered from allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 4:677-689. [PMID: 33231260 PMCID: PMC7939697 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have long been recognized to help regenerate tissues, by exploiting their intrinsic potentials for differentiation and secretion of therapeutic paracrine factors together with feasibility for cell banking. These unique MSC properties are attractive to provide effective new cell-based therapies for unmet medical needs. Currently, the infusion of suspended MSCs is accepted as a promising therapy to treat systemic inflammatory diseases. However, low cell engraftment/retention in target organs and off-target entrapment using conventional cell infusion must be improved to provide reliable localized disease treatments. Cell sheet technology offers an alternative: three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like structures can be harvested from culture using mild temperature reduction, and transplanted directly onto target tissue sites without suturing, yielding stable cell engraftment and prolonged cell retention in situ without off-target losses. Engineered MSC sheets directly address two major cell therapy strategies based on their therapeutic benefits: (1) tissue replacements based on mult-ilineage differentiation capacities, focusing on cartilage regeneration in this review, and (2) enhancement of tissue recovery via paracrine signaling, employing their various secreted cytokines to promote neovascularization. MSCs also have production benefits as a promising allogeneic cell source by exploiting their reliable proliferative capacity to facilitate expansion and sustainable cell banking for off-the-shelf therapies. This article reviews the advantages of both MSCs as allogeneic cell sources in contrast with autologous cell sources, and allogeneic MSC sheets engineered on thermo-responsive cell dishes as determined in basic studies and clinical achievements, indicating promise to provide robust new cell therapies to future patients.
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Gilmozzi V, Gentile G, Riekschnitz DA, Von Troyer M, Lavdas AA, Kerschbamer E, Weichenberger CX, Rosato-Siri MD, Casarosa S, Conti L, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Pichler I, Zanon A. Generation of hiPSC-Derived Functional Dopaminergic Neurons in Alginate-Based 3D Culture. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:708389. [PMID: 34409038 PMCID: PMC8365765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.708389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent an unlimited cell source for the generation of patient-specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons, overcoming the hurdle of restricted accessibility to disease-affected tissue for mechanistic studies on Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the complexity of the human brain is not fully recapitulated by existing monolayer culture methods. Neurons differentiated in a three dimensional (3D) in vitro culture system might better mimic the in vivo cellular environment for basic mechanistic studies and represent better predictors of drug responses in vivo. In this work we established a new in vitro cell culture system based on the microencapsulation of hiPSCs in small alginate/fibronectin beads and their differentiation to DA neurons. Optimization of hydrogel matrix concentrations and composition allowed a high viability of embedded hiPSCs. Neural differentiation competence and efficiency of DA neuronal generation were increased in the 3D cultures compared to a conventional 2D culture methodology. Additionally, electrophysiological parameters and metabolic switching profile confirmed increased functionality and an anticipated metabolic resetting of neurons grown in alginate scaffolds with respect to their 2D counterpart neurons. We also report long-term maintenance of neuronal cultures and preservation of the mature functional properties. Furthermore, our findings indicate that our 3D model system can recapitulate mitochondrial superoxide production as an important mitochondrial phenotype observed in neurons derived from PD patients, and that this phenotype might be detectable earlier during neuronal differentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that our alginate-based 3D culture system offers an advantageous strategy for the reliable and rapid derivation of mature and functional DA neurons from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gilmozzi
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Diana A. Riekschnitz
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michael Von Troyer
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexandros A. Lavdas
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Kerschbamer
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian X. Weichenberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marcelo D. Rosato-Siri
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Simona Casarosa
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zanon
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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57
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Artificial cells for the treatment of liver diseases. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:98-114. [PMID: 34126265 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases have become an increasing health burden and account for over 2 million deaths every year globally. Standard therapies including liver transplant and cell therapy offer a promising treatment for liver diseases, but they also suffer limitations such as adverse immune reactions and lack of long-term efficacy. Artificial cells that mimic certain functions of a living cell have emerged as a new strategy to overcome some of the challenges that liver cell therapy faces at present. Artificial cells have demonstrated advantages in long-term storage, targeting capability, and tuneable features. This article provides an overview of the recent progress in developing artificial cells and their potential applications in liver disease treatment. First, the design of artificial cells and their biomimicking functions are summarized. Then, systems that mimic cell surface properties are introduced with two concepts highlighted: cell membrane-coated artificial cells and synthetic lipid-based artificial cells. Next, cell microencapsulation strategy is summarized and discussed. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of artificial cells are outlined. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liver diseases have become an increasing health burden. Standard therapies including liver transplant and cell therapy offer a promising treatment for liver diseases, but they have limitations such as adverse immune reactions and lack of long-term efficacy. Artificial cells that mimic certain functions of a living cell have emerged as a new strategy to overcome some of the challenges that liver cell therapy faces at present. This article provides an overview of the recent progress in developing artificial cells and their potential applications in liver disease treatment, including the design of artificial cells and their biomimicking functions, two systems that mimic cell surface properties (cell membrane-coated artificial cells and synthetic lipid-based artificial cells), and cell microencapsulation strategy. We also outline the challenges and future perspectives of artificial cells.
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58
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Diaz-Navarro R, Urrútia G, Cleland JG, Poloni D, Villagran F, Acosta-Dighero R, Bangdiwala SI, Rada G, Madrid E. Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 7:CD013433. [PMID: 34286511 PMCID: PMC8406792 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013433.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapy (SCT) has been proposed as an alternative treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), nonetheless its effectiveness remains debatable. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of SCT in adults with non-ischaemic DCM. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase for relevant trials in November 2020. We also searched two clinical trials registers in May 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing stem/progenitor cells with no cells in adults with non-ischaemic DCM. We included co-interventions such as the administration of stem cell mobilizing agents. Studies were classified and analysed into three categories according to the comparison intervention, which consisted of no intervention/placebo, cell mobilization with cytokines, or a different mode of SCT. The first two comparisons (no cells in the control group) served to assess the efficacy of SCT while the third (different mode of SCT) served to complement the review with information about safety and other information of potential utility for a better understanding of the effects of SCT. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened all references for eligibility, assessed trial quality, and extracted data. We undertook a quantitative evaluation of data using random-effects meta-analyses. We evaluated heterogeneity using the I² statistic. We could not explore potential effect modifiers through subgroup analyses as they were deemed uninformative due to the scarce number of trials available. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. We created summary of findings tables using GRADEpro GDT. We focused our summary of findings on all-cause mortality, safety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), performance status, and major adverse cardiovascular events. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 RCTs involving 762 participants (452 cell therapy and 310 controls). Only one study was at low risk of bias in all domains. There were many shortcomings in the publications that did not allow a precise assessment of the risk of bias in many domains. Due to the nature of the intervention, the main source of potential bias was lack of blinding of participants (performance bias). Frequently, the format of the continuous data available was not ideal for use in the meta-analysis and forced us to seek strategies for transforming data in a usable format. We are uncertain whether SCT reduces all-cause mortality in people with DCM compared to no intervention/placebo (mean follow-up 12 months) (risk ratio (RR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 1.31; I² = 0%; studies = 7, participants = 361; very low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether SCT increases the risk of procedural complications associated with cells injection in people with DCM (data could not be pooled; studies = 7; participants = 361; very low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether SCT improves HRQoL (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.62, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.23; I² = 72%; studies = 5, participants = 272; very low-certainty evidence) and functional capacity (6-minute walk test) (mean difference (MD) 70.12 m, 95% CI -5.28 to 145.51; I² = 87%; studies = 5, participants = 230; very low-certainty evidence). SCT may result in a slight functional class (New York Heart Association) improvement (data could not be pooled; studies = 6, participants = 398; low-certainty evidence). None of the included studies reported major adverse cardiovascular events as defined in our protocol. SCT may not increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia (data could not be pooled; studies = 8, participants = 504; low-certainty evidence). When comparing SCT to cell mobilization with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), we are uncertain whether SCT reduces all-cause mortality (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.31; I² = 39%; studies = 3, participants = 195; very low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether SCT increases the risk of procedural complications associated with cells injection (studies = 1, participants = 60; very low-certainty evidence). SCT may not improve HRQoL (MD 4.61 points, 95% CI -5.62 to 14.83; studies = 1, participants = 22; low-certainty evidence). SCT may improve functional capacity (6-minute walk test) (MD 140.14 m, 95% CI 119.51 to 160.77; I² = 0%; studies = 2, participants = 155; low-certainty evidence). None of the included studies reported MACE as defined in our protocol or ventricular arrhythmia. The most commonly reported outcomes across studies were based on physiological measures of cardiac function where there were some beneficial effects suggesting potential benefits of SCT in people with non-ischaemic DCM. However, it is unclear if this intermediate effects translates into clinical benefits for these patients. With regard to specific aspects related to the modality of cell therapy and its delivery, uncertainties remain as subgroup analyses could not be performed as planned, making it necessary to wait for the publication of several studies that are currently in progress before any firm conclusion can be reached. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are uncertain whether SCT in people with DCM reduces the risk of all-cause mortality and procedural complications, improves HRQoL, and performance status (exercise capacity). SCT may improve functional class (NYHA), compared to usual care (no cells). Similarly, when compared to G-CSF, we are also uncertain whether SCT in people with DCM reduces the risk of all-cause mortality although some studies within this comparison observed a favourable effect that should be interpreted with caution. SCT may not improve HRQoL but may improve to some extent performance status (exercise capacity). Very low-quality evidence reflects uncertainty regarding procedural complications. These suggested beneficial effects of SCT, although uncertain due to the very low certainty of the evidence, are accompanied by favourable effects on some physiological measures of cardiac function. Presently, the most effective mode of administration of SCT and the population that could benefit the most is unclear. Therefore, it seems reasonable that use of SCT in people with DCM is limited to clinical research settings. Results of ongoing studies are likely to modify these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rienzi Diaz-Navarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Vina del Mar, Chile
| | - Gerard Urrútia
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Gf Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Poloni
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Vina del Mar, Chile
| | - Francisco Villagran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Vina del Mar, Chile
| | - Roberto Acosta-Dighero
- Cochrane Chile Associate Centre, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Department of Internal Medicine and Evidence-Based Healthcare Program, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Madrid
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies CIESAL, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Cochrane Chile Associate Centre, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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59
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Mullin NK, Voigt AP, Cooke JA, Bohrer LR, Burnight ER, Stone EM, Mullins RF, Tucker BA. Patient derived stem cells for discovery and validation of novel pathogenic variants in inherited retinal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 83:100918. [PMID: 33130253 PMCID: PMC8559964 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of inherited retinal disease has benefited immensely from molecular genetic analysis over the past several decades. New technologies that allow for increasingly detailed examination of a patient's DNA have expanded the catalog of genes and specific variants that cause retinal disease. In turn, the identification of pathogenic variants has allowed the development of gene therapies and low-cost, clinically focused genetic testing. Despite this progress, a relatively large fraction (at least 20%) of patients with clinical features suggestive of an inherited retinal disease still do not have a molecular diagnosis today. Variants that are not obviously disruptive to the codon sequence of exons can be difficult to distinguish from the background of benign human genetic variations. Some of these variants exert their pathogenic effect not by altering the primary amino acid sequence, but by modulating gene expression, isoform splicing, or other transcript-level mechanisms. While not discoverable by DNA sequencing methods alone, these variants are excellent targets for studies of the retinal transcriptome. In this review, we present an overview of the current state of pathogenic variant discovery in retinal disease and identify some of the remaining barriers. We also explore the utility of new technologies, specifically patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based modeling, in further expanding the catalog of disease-causing variants using transcriptome-focused methods. Finally, we outline bioinformatic analysis techniques that will allow this new method of variant discovery in retinal disease. As the knowledge gleaned from previous technologies is informing targets for therapies today, we believe that integrating new technologies, such as iPSC-based modeling, into the molecular diagnosis pipeline will enable a new wave of variant discovery and expanded treatment of inherited retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel K Mullin
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew P Voigt
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jessica A Cooke
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Laura R Bohrer
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erin R Burnight
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- The Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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60
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Yamada S, Jeon R, Garmany A, Behfar A, Terzic A. Screening for regenerative therapy responders in heart failure. Biomark Med 2021; 15:775-783. [PMID: 34169733 PMCID: PMC8252977 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk of outcome variability challenges therapeutic innovation. Selection of the most suitable candidates is predicated on reliable response indicators. Especially for emergent regenerative biotherapies, determinants separating success from failure in achieving disease rescue remain largely unknown. Accordingly, (pre)clinical development programs have placed increased emphasis on the multi-dimensional decoding of repair capacity and disease resolution, attributes defining responsiveness. To attain regenerative goals for each individual, phenotype-based patient selection is poised for an upgrade guided by new insights into disease biology, translated into refined surveillance of response regulators and deep learning-amplified clinical decision support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ryounghoon Jeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Armin Garmany
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Regenerative Sciences Track, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Petrus-Reurer S, Romano M, Howlett S, Jones JL, Lombardi G, Saeb-Parsy K. Immunological considerations and challenges for regenerative cellular therapies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:798. [PMID: 34172826 PMCID: PMC8233383 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The central goal of regenerative medicine is to replace damaged or diseased tissue with cells that integrate and function optimally. The capacity of pluripotent stem cells to produce unlimited numbers of differentiated cells is of considerable therapeutic interest, with several clinical trials underway. However, the host immune response represents an important barrier to clinical translation. Here we describe the role of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as triggers of allogeneic graft rejection. We discuss how the immune response is determined by the cellular therapy. Additionally, we describe the range of available in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to examine the immunogenicity of cellular therapies, and finally we review potential strategies to ameliorate immune rejection. In conclusion, we advocate establishment of platforms that bring together the multidisciplinary expertise and infrastructure necessary to comprehensively investigate the immunogenicity of cellular therapies to ensure their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Romano
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Howlett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Louise Jones
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Cui P, Zhang P, Yuan L, Wang L, Guo X, Cui G, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhang X, Li X, Yin Y, Yu Z. HIF-1α Affects the Neural Stem Cell Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via MFN2-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671704. [PMID: 34235146 PMCID: PMC8256873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays pivotal roles in maintaining pluripotency, and the developmental potential of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, the mechanisms underlying HIF-1α regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that HIF-1α knockdown significantly inhibits the pluripotency and self-renewal potential of hiPSCs. We further uncovered that the disruption of HIF-1α promotes the NSC differentiation and development potential in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HIF-1α knockdown significantly enhances mitofusin2 (MFN2)-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and excessive mitochondrial fusion could also promote the NSC differentiation potential of hiPSCs via activating the β-catenin signaling. Additionally, MFN2 significantly reverses the effects of HIF-1α overexpression on the NSC differentiation potential and β-catenin activity of hiPSCs. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition could also reverse the effects of HIF-1α knockdown on the NSC differentiation potential of hiPSCs. This study provided a novel strategy for improving the directed differentiation efficiency of functional NSCs. These findings are important for the development of potential clinical interventions for neurological diseases caused by metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Institute of Precision of Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Precision of Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanghui Cui
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Precision of Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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63
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Madl CM, Flaig IA, Holbrook CA, Wang YX, Blau HM. Biophysical matrix cues from the regenerating niche direct muscle stem cell fate in engineered microenvironments. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120973. [PMID: 34224984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for efficacious muscle repair, making MuSCs promising therapeutic targets for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MuSCs are presented with a diverse and temporally defined set of cues from their microenvironment during regeneration that direct stem cell expansion, differentiation, and return to quiescence. Understanding the complex interplay among these biophysical and biochemical cues is necessary to develop therapies targeting or employing MuSCs. To probe the role of mechanical cues presented by the extracellular matrix, we leverage chemically defined hydrogel substrates with controllable stiffness and adhesive ligand composition to characterize the MuSC response to matrix cues presented during early and late phases of regeneration. We demonstrate that relatively soft hydrogels recapitulating healthy muscle stiffness promote MuSC activation and expansion, while relatively stiff hydrogels impair MuSC proliferation and arrest myogenic progression. These effects are seen on soft and stiff hydrogels presenting laminin-111 and exacerbated on hydrogels presenting RGD adhesive peptides. Soluble factors present in the MuSC niche during different phases of regeneration, prostaglandin E2 and oncostatin M, synergize with matrix-presented cues to enhance stem cell expansion on soft substrates and block myogenic progression on stiff substrates. To determine if temporally varied matrix stiffness reminiscent of the regenerating microenvironment alters MuSC fate, we developed a photoresponsive hydrogel system with accelerated reaction kinetics that can be rapidly softened on demand. MuSCs cultured on these materials revealed that the cellular response to a stiff microenvironment is fixed within the first three days of culture, as subsequent softening back to a healthy stiffness did not rescue MuSC proliferation or myogenic progression. These results highlight the importance of temporally controlled biophysical and biochemical cues in regulating MuSC fate that can be harnessed to improve regenerative medicine approaches to restore skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Madl
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Iris A Flaig
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Colin A Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yu Xin Wang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Zhao H, Xu J, Zhang E, Qi R, Huang Y, Lv F, Liu L, Gu Q, Wang S. 3D Bioprinting of Polythiophene Materials for Promoting Stem Cell Proliferation in a Nutritionally Deficient Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25759-25770. [PMID: 34036779 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of stem cells provides a tremendous opportunity to tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. However, developing new bioactive materials to rationally augment stem cell viability is still an enormous challenge owing to the nutritionally deficient environment caused by the limited-penetration distance of nutrition when cells are encapsulated within biomaterials. In this work, a cationic conjugated polythiophene derivative, poly[3-(3'-N,N,N-triethylamino-1'-propyloxy)-4-methyl-2,5-thiophene hydrochloride] (PMNT), is designed and integrated into an anionic gelatin/alginate matrix to develop a new 3D bioprintable conjugated polymer ink Gel/Alg/PMNT, while the electrostatic interaction can assist PMNT to anchor inside ink without severe diffusional loss. In principle, PMNT is confirmed to promote human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation in a serum-free medium by driving cell cycles and up-regulating gene expression in the pathways of biosynthesis and the metabolism. By employing the 3D bioprinting strategy together with hMSCs, the accelerated healing of full-thickness excisional wounds is further realized through the augmented-stem cell therapeutics utilizing Gel/Alg/PMNT ink, in which hMSC proliferation can be effectively promoted upon inductive stimulation of PMNT. The inherent highly bioactive and robust proliferation-promoted nature of the developed conjugated polymer ink Gel/Alg/PMNT significantly overcomes the nutritionally deficient environment, especially in 3D-printed large-scale architectures. The bioactive polythiophene material exhibits a unique capacity to promote stem cell proliferation without the need of serum, providing a new bioink for 3D bioprinting in tissue reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Endong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruilian Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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65
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Ren S, Xiong H, Chen J, Yang X, Liu Y, Guo J, Jiang T, Xu Z, Yuan M, Liu Y, Zhou N, Chen H, Li W, Machens HG, Chen Z. The whole profiling and competing endogenous RNA network analyses of noncoding RNAs in adipose-derived stem cells from diabetic, old, and young patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:313. [PMID: 34051854 PMCID: PMC8164820 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have a considerable potential in the field of translational medicine. Unfortunately, multiple factors (e.g., older age, co-existing diabetes, and obesity) may impair cellular function, which hinders the overall effectiveness of autologous stem cell therapy. Noncoding RNAs—including microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs)—have been shown to play important roles in stem cell biology. However, the overall diabetes-related and aging-related expression patterns and interactions of these RNAs in ASCs remain unknown. Method The phenotypes and functions of ASCs isolated from diabetic (D-ASCs), old (O-ASCs), and young (Y-ASCs) donors were evaluated by in vitro assays. We conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in these ASCs to identify the differentially expressed (DE) RNAs. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to investigate mRNAs with significant differences among groups. The lncRNA- or circRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed based on bioinformatics analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. The miR-145-5p mimics were transfected into O-ASCs and verified by PCR. Results ASCs from diabetic and old donors showed inferior migration ability and increased cellular senescence. Furthermore, O-ASCs have decreased capacities for promoting endothelial cell angiogenesis and fibroblast migration, compared with Y-ASCs. The DE miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were successfully identified by RNA-seq in O-ASCs vs. Y-ASCs and D-ASCs vs. O-ASCs. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that DE mRNAs were significantly enriched in aging and cell senescence terms separately. PPI networks revealed critical DE mRNAs in the above groups. RNAs with high fold changes and low p values were validated by PCR. ceRNA networks were constructed based on bioinformatics analyses and validated RNAs. Additionally, the lncRNA RAET1E-AS1–miR-145-5p–WNT11/BMPER axis was validated by PCR and correlation analyses. Finally, the overexpression of miR-145-5p was found to rejuvenate O-ASCs phenotype and augment the functionality of these cells. Conclusion Our research may provide insights regarding the underlying mechanisms of ASC dysfunction; it may also offer novel targets for restoring therapeutic properties in ASCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02388-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hewei Xiong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yutian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiahe Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongrui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Kim TW, Piao J, Koo SY, Kriks S, Chung SY, Betel D, Socci ND, Choi SJ, Zabierowski S, Dubose BN, Hill EJ, Mosharov EV, Irion S, Tomishima MJ, Tabar V, Studer L. Biphasic Activation of WNT Signaling Facilitates the Derivation of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons from hESCs for Translational Use. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:343-355.e5. [PMID: 33545081 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells show considerable promise for applications in regenerative medicine, including the development of cell replacement paradigms for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Protocols have been developed to generate authentic midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons capable of reversing dopamine-related deficits in animal models of Parkinson's disease. However, the generation of mDA neurons at clinical scale suitable for human application remains an important challenge. Here, we present an mDA neuron derivation protocol based on a two-step WNT signaling activation strategy that improves expression of midbrain markers, such as Engrailed-1 (EN1), while minimizing expression of contaminating posterior (hindbrain) and anterior (diencephalic) lineage markers. The resulting neurons exhibit molecular, biochemical, and electrophysiological properties of mDA neurons. Cryopreserved mDA neuron precursors can be successfully transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) lesioned rats to induce recovery of amphetamine-induced rotation behavior. The protocol presented here is the basis for clinical-grade mDA neuron production and preclinical safety and efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinghua Piao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program of Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonja Kriks
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sun Young Chung
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Se Joon Choi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Zabierowski
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brittany N Dubose
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen J Hill
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Irion
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Tomishima
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Wysoczynski M, Bolli R. A realistic appraisal of the use of embryonic stem cell-based therapies for cardiac repair. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2397-2404. [PMID: 31778154 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-documented capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, transplantation of ESCs or ESC-derived cells is plagued by several formidable problems, including graft rejection, arrhythmias, and potential risk of teratomas. Life-long immunosuppression is a disease in itself. Transplantation of human ESC-derived cells in primates causes life-threatening arrhythmias, and the doses used to show efficacy are not clinically relevant. In contemporary clinical research, the margin of tolerance for such catastrophic effects as malignancies is zero, and although the probability of tumours can be reduced by ESC differentiation, it is unlikely to be completely eliminated, particularly when billions of cells are injected. Although ESCs and ESC-derived cells were touted as capable of long-term regeneration, these cells disappear rapidly after transplantation and there is no evidence of long-term engraftment, let alone regeneration. There is, however, mounting evidence that they act via paracrine mechanisms-just like adult cells. To date, no controlled clinical trial of ESC-derived cells in cardiovascular disease has been conducted or even initiated. In contrast, adult cells have been used in thousands of patients with heart disease, with no significant adverse effects and with results that were sufficiently encouraging to warrant Phase II and III trials. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells offer pluripotency similar to ESCs without the need for lifelong immunosuppression. After two decades, the promise that ESC-derived cells would regenerate dead myocardium has not been fulfilled. The most reasonable interpretation of current data is that ESC-based therapies are not likely to have clinical application for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysoczynski
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Orzechowski M, Schochow M, Kühl M, Steger F. Content and Method of Information for Participants in Clinical Studies With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627816. [PMID: 33996790 PMCID: PMC8113756 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) involves specific ethical challenges, which should be addressed in the informed consent process. Up to now, little concern has been paid to the practice of information in iPSC-clinical studies. In order to fill this research gap, we have searched the documentation of the Research Ethics Committee at Ulm University from the years 2007 to 2019. In our previous research, we have identified 11 items for evaluation of the process of information in iPSC research. We used these items to analyze content and form of information provided for participants in the iPSC studies conducted at Ulm University and Ulm University Hospital in Germany. All analyzed studies provide general information regarding the study's aim, method, and collection of donor's personal data and specimen. The information for participants in these studies adheres to general guidelines for research involving human subjects; however, in several areas fails to take into account the specific nature of research with iPSCs. The majority of analyzed studies fail to provide information about possible individual consequences connected with genetic research, such as the possibility of re-identification of the donor or incidental findings acquired during research. Missing is also information about the possibility of future studies involving reproductive research or transplantation of cells and organs. The donor information process in all analyzed studies is conducted in form of the information sheet and oral information. The results of our research show that the process of informed consent in iPSC research should be updated as new developments emerge in this area. However, comprehension of information should not be jeopardized through information overload. Effective communication of essential information requires improved information methods tailored to the needs of participants, such as video animations, interactive consent modules or social media instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Orzechowski
- Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schochow
- Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Steger
- Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Kobuszewska A, Kolodziejek D, Wojasinski M, Ciach T, Brzozka Z, Jastrzebska E. Study of Stem Cells Influence on Cardiac Cells Cultured with a Cyanide-P-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone in Organ-on-a-Chip System. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050131. [PMID: 33922423 PMCID: PMC8145317 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and stem cells could prove to be an effective solution to the problem of treating heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease. However, further studies on the understanding of the processes which occur during the regeneration of damaged tissue are needed. Microfluidic systems, which provide conditions similar to in vivo, could be useful tools for the development of new therapies using stem cells. We investigated how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) affect the metabolic activity of cardiac cells (rat cardiomyoblasts and human cardiomyocytes) incubated with a potent uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation under microfluidic conditions. A cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) was used to mimic disfunctions of mitochondria of cardiac cells. The study was performed in a microfluidic system integrated with nanofiber mats made of poly-l-lactid acid (PLLA) or polyurethane (PU). The microsystem geometry allows four different cell cultures to be conducted under different conditions (which we called: normal, abnormal-as both a mono- and co-culture). Metabolic activity of the cells, based on the bioluminescence assay, was assessed in the culture's performed in the microsystem. It was proved that stem cells increased metabolic activity of cardiac cells maintained with FCCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kobuszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (Z.B.)
| | - Dominik Kolodziejek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (Z.B.)
| | - Michal Wojasinski
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ludwika Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ludwika Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Zbigniew Brzozka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (Z.B.)
| | - Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Borrego-González S, de la Cerda B, Díaz-Corrales FJ, Díaz-Cuenca A. Nanofibrous Matrix of Defined Composition Sustains Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3035-3040. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borrego-González
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, C/Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville 41092, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Berta de la Cerda
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Díaz-Corrales
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, C/Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville 41092, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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71
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Flahou C, Morishima T, Takizawa H, Sugimoto N. Fit-For-All iPSC-Derived Cell Therapies and Their Evaluation in Humanized Mice With NK Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662360. [PMID: 33897711 PMCID: PMC8059435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be limitlessly expanded and differentiated into almost all cell types. Moreover, they are amenable to gene manipulation and, because they are established from somatic cells, can be established from essentially any person. Based on these characteristics, iPSCs have been extensively studied as cell sources for tissue grafts, blood transfusions and cancer immunotherapies, and related clinical trials have started. From an immune-matching perspective, autologous iPSCs are perfectly compatible in principle, but also require a prolonged time for reaching the final products, have high cost, and person-to-person variation hindering their common use. Therefore, certified iPSCs with reduced immunogenicity are expected to become off-the-shelf sources, such as those made from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-homozygous individuals or genetically modified for HLA depletion. Preclinical tests using immunodeficient mice reconstituted with a human immune system (HIS) serve as an important tool to assess the human alloresponse against iPSC-derived cells. Especially, HIS mice reconstituted with not only human T cells but also human natural killer (NK) cells are considered crucial. NK cells attack so-called “missing self” cells that do not express self HLA class I, which include HLA-homozygous cells that express only one allele type and HLA-depleted cells. However, conventional HIS mice lack enough reconstituted human NK cells for these tests. Several measures have been developed to overcome this issue including the administration of cytokines that enhance NK cell expansion, such as IL-2 and IL-15, the administration of vectors that express those cytokines, and genetic manipulation to express the cytokines or to enhance the reconstitution of human myeloid cells that express IL15R-alpha. Using such HIS mice with enhanced human NK cell reconstitution, alloresponses against HLA-homozygous and HLA-depleted cells have been studied. However, most studies used HLA-downregulated tumor cells as the target cells and tested in vitro after purifying human cells from HIS mice. In this review, we give an overview of the current state of iPSCs in cell therapies, strategies to lessen their immunogenic potential, and then expound on the development of HIS mice with reconstituted NK cells, followed by their utilization in evaluating future universal HLA-engineered iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Flahou
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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72
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Cao JY, Wang B, Tang TT, Wen Y, Li ZL, Feng ST, Wu M, Liu D, Yin D, Ma KL, Tang RN, Wu QL, Lan HY, Lv LL, Liu BC. Exosomal miR-125b-5p deriving from mesenchymal stem cells promotes tubular repair by suppression of p53 in ischemic acute kidney injury. Theranostics 2021; 11:5248-5266. [PMID: 33859745 PMCID: PMC8039965 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have attracted great interest as a cell-free therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the in vivo biodistribution of MSC-exos in ischemic AKI has not been established. The potential of MSC-exos in promoting tubular repair and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting were used to characterize the properties of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) derived exosomes. The biodistribution of MSC-exos in murine ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced AKI was imaged by the IVIS spectrum imaging system. The therapeutic efficacy of MSC-exos was investigated in renal I/R injury. The cell cycle arrest, proliferation and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) were evaluated in vivo and in HK-2 cells. The exosomal miRNAs of MSC-exos were profiled by high-throughput miRNA sequencing. One of the most enriched miRNA in MSC-exos was knockdown by transfecting miRNA inhibitor to hucMSCs. Then we investigated whether this candidate miRNA was involved in MSC-exos-mediated tubular repair. Results:Ex vivo imaging showed that MSC-exos was efficiently homing to the ischemic kidney and predominantly accumulated in proximal tubules by virtue of the VLA-4 and LFA-1 on MSC-exos surface. MSC-exos alleviated murine ischemic AKI and decreased the renal tubules injury in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MSC-exos significantly attenuated the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of TECs both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-125b-5p, which was highly enriched in MSC-exos, repressed the protein expression of p53 in TECs, leading to not only the up-regulation of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 to rescue G2/M arrest, but also the modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax to inhibit TEC apoptosis. Finally, inhibiting miR-125b-5p could mitigate the protective effects of MSC-exos in I/R mice. Conclusion: MSC-exos exhibit preferential tropism to injured kidney and localize to proximal tubules in ischemic AKI. We demonstrate that MSC-exos ameliorate ischemic AKI and promote tubular repair by targeting the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of TECs through miR-125b-5p/p53 pathway. This study provides a novel insight into the role of MSC-exos in renal tubule repair and highlights the potential of MSC-exos as a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Cao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Song-Tao Feng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Yin
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun-Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiu-Li Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Liu Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210009, China
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73
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Yamada S, Behfar A, Terzic A. Regenerative medicine clinical readiness. Regen Med 2021; 16:309-322. [PMID: 33622049 PMCID: PMC8050983 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, poised to transform 21st century healthcare, has aspired to enrich care options by bringing cures to patients in need. Science-driven responsible and regulated translation of innovative technology has enabled the launch of previously unimaginable care pathways adopted prudently for select serious diseases and disabilities. The collective resolve to advance the design, manufacture and validity of affordable regenerative solutions aims to democratize such health benefits for all. The objective of this Review is to outline the framework and prerequisites that underpin clinical readiness of regenerative care. Integrated research and development, specialized workforce education and accessible evidence-based practice implementation are at the core of realizing an equitable regenerative medicine vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
| | - Atta Behfar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA
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74
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Direct cell reprogramming: approaches, mechanisms and progress. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:410-424. [PMID: 33619373 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors, which converts cells from one lineage into cells of another, has greatly reshaped our traditional views on cell identity and cell fate determination. Direct reprogramming (also known as transdifferentiation) refers to cell fate conversion without transitioning through an intermediary pluripotent state. Given that the number of cell types that can be generated by direct reprogramming is rapidly increasing, it has become a promising strategy to produce functional cells for therapeutic purposes. This Review discusses the evolution of direct reprogramming from a transcription factor-based method to a small-molecule-driven approach, the recent progress in enhancing reprogrammed cell maturation, and the challenges associated with in vivo direct reprogramming for translational applications. It also describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct reprogramming, including the role of transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, non-coding RNAs, and the function of metabolic reprogramming, and highlights novel insights gained from single-cell omics studies.
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75
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Optimal Expression of the Envelope Glycoprotein of Orthobornaviruses Determines the Production of Mature Virus Particles. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02221-20. [PMID: 33268525 PMCID: PMC8092845 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02221-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec) whose backbone is Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) can provide long-term gene expression in transduced cells. To improve the transduction efficiency of REVec, we evaluated the role of the viral envelope glycoprotein (G) of the genus Orthobornavirus, including that of BoDV-1, in the production of infectious particles. By using G-pseudotype assay in which the lack of G in G-deficient REVec (ΔG-REVec) was compensated for expression of G, we found that excess expression of BoDV-1-G does not affect particle production itself but results in uncleaved and aberrant mature G expression in the cells, leading to the production of REVec particles with low transduction titers. We revealed that the expression of uncleaved G in the cells inhibits the incorporation of mature G and vgRNA into the particles. This feature of G was conserved among mammalian and avian orthobornaviruses; however, the cleavage efficacy of canary bornavirus 1 (CnBV-1)-G was exceptionally not impaired by its excess expression, which led to the production of the pseudotype ΔG-REVec with the highest titer. Chimeric G proteins between CnBV-1 and -2 revealed that the signal peptide of CnBV-1-G was responsible for the cleavage efficacy through the interaction with intracellular furin. We showed that CnBV-1 G leads to the development of pseudotyped REVec with high transduction efficiency and a high-titer recombinant REVec. Our study demonstrated that the restricted expression of orthobornavirus G contributes to the regulation of infectious particle production, the mechanism of which can improve the transduction efficiency of REVec.IMPORTANCE Most viruses causing persistent infection produce few infectious particles from the infected cells. Borna disease virus 1, a member of the genus Orthobornavirus, is an RNA virus that persistently infects the nucleus and has been applied to vectors for long-term gene expression. In this study, we showed that, common among orthobornaviruses, excessive G expression does not affect particle production itself but reduces the production of infectious particles with mature G and genomic RNA. This result suggested that limited G expression contributes to suppressing abnormal viral particle production. On the other hand, we found that canary bornavirus 1 has an exceptional G maturation mechanism and produces a high-titer virus. Our study will contribute to not only understanding the mechanism of infectious particle production but also improving the vector system of orthobornaviruses.
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Lange L, Morgan M, Schambach A. The hemogenic endothelium: a critical source for the generation of PSC-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4143-4160. [PMID: 33559689 PMCID: PMC8164610 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In vitro generation of hematopoietic cells and especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are subject to intensive research in recent decades, as these cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine and autologous cell replacement therapies. Despite many attempts, in vitro, de novo generation of bona fide HSCs remains challenging, and we are still far away from their clinical use, due to insufficient functionality and quantity of the produced HSCs. The challenges of generating PSC-derived HSCs are already apparent in early stages of hemato-endothelial specification with the limitation of recapitulating complex, dynamic processes of embryonic hematopoietic ontogeny in vitro. Further, these current shortcomings imply the incompleteness of our understanding of human ontogenetic processes from embryonic mesoderm over an intermediate, specialized hemogenic endothelium (HE) to their immediate progeny, the HSCs. In this review, we examine the recent investigations of hemato-endothelial ontogeny and recently reported progress for the conversion of PSCs and other promising somatic cell types towards HSCs with the focus on the crucial and inevitable role of the HE to achieve the long-standing goal—to generate therapeutically applicable PSC-derived HSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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77
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Chen J, Wang H, Lu X, Yang K, Lu C. Safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy: an overview protocol on published meta-analyses and evidence mapping. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:270. [PMID: 33708897 PMCID: PMC7940926 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Stem cell therapy (SCT) is an emerging and promising treatment measure for many conditions (e.g., chronic liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and knee osteoarthritis). Although there are numerous meta-analyses (MAs) concerning SCT, the quality of these MAs and the efficacy and safety data for SCT reported in these MAs remain unknown. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to conduct an overview of existing MAs concerning SCT for evaluating these parameters. Methods We will systematically search PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to October 2020 for identifying MAs of SCT published in English. Two independent reviewers will select appropriate MAs against the predefined eligibility criteria. The efficacy and safety data of SCT reported in MAs will be descriptively summarized. Following this, the reporting quality and methodological quality of included MAs will be appraised using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tools by two reviewers, respectively. Further, the evidence mapping method will be used to present assessment results. The key information will also be extracted by two independent reviewers. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient will be used to explore the association between reporting quality and methodological quality. The factors influencing the quality will be assessed through linear regression analyses. The sensitivity analysis will also be conducted. Data analyses will be performed using Stata 16.0 and Excel 2016. P<0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Discussion This overview of MAs concerning SCTs will provide comprehensive evidence on the quality of MAs and data of interest reported in MAs. Further, these data can be used to guide clinical practice and future research. Overview registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020206642.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cuncun Lu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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78
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Sinenko SA, Ponomartsev SV, Tomilin AN. Pluripotent stem cell-based gene therapy approach: human de novo synthesized chromosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1207-1220. [PMID: 33011821 PMCID: PMC11072874 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach in gene therapy was introduced 20 years ago since artificial non-integrative chromosome-based vectors containing gene loci size inserts were engineered. To date, different human artificial chromosomes (HAC) were generated with the use of de novo construction or "top-down" engineering approaches. The HAC-based therapeutic approach includes ex vivo gene transferring and correction of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or highly proliferative modified stem cells. The current progress in the technology of induced PSCs, integrating with the HAC technology, resulted in a novel platform of stem cell-based tissue replacement therapy for the treatment of genetic disease. Nowadays, the sophisticated and laborious HAC technology has significantly improved and is now closer to clinical studies. In here, we reviewed the achievements in the technology of de novo synthesized HACs for a chromosome transfer for developing gene therapy tissue replacement models of monogenic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Sinenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave, St-Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Ponomartsev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave, St-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave, St-Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St-Petersburg State University, 7-9, Universitetskaya Emb, St-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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Zhang J, Chan HF, Wang H, Shao D, Tao Y, Li M. Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies using cell aggregates and decellularized scaffolds for the rescue of liver failure. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420986711. [PMID: 35003615 PMCID: PMC8733710 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420986711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is a lethal condition with hepatocellular dysfunction, and liver transplantation is presently the only effective treatment. However, due to the limited availability of donors and the potential immune rejection, novel therapeutic strategies are actively sought to restore the normal hepatic architectures and functions, especially for livers with inherited metabolic dysfunctions or chronic diseases. Although the conventional cell therapy has shown promising results, the direct infusion of hepatocytes is hampered by limited hepatocyte sources, poor cell viability, and engraftment. Hence, this review mainly highlights the role of stem cells and progenitors as the alternative cell source and summarizes the potential approaches based on tissue engineering to improve the delivery efficiency of cells. Particularly, the underlying mechanisms for cell therapy using stem cells and progenitors are discussed in two main aspects: paracrine effect and cell differentiation. Moreover, tissue-engineering approaches using cell aggregates and decellularized liver scaffolds for bioengineering of functional hepatic constructs are discussed and compared in terms of the potential to replicate liver physiological structures. In the end, a potentially effective strategy combining the premium advantages of stem cell aggregates and decellularized liver scaffolds is proposed as the future direction of liver tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou, China
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80
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The debit side of stem-cell joint injections: a prospective cohort study. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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81
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Generation and manipulation of human iPSC-derived platelets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3385-3401. [PMID: 33439272 PMCID: PMC7804213 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of iPSCs has led to the ex vivo production of differentiated cells for regenerative medicine. In the case of transfusion products, the derivation of platelets from iPSCs is expected to complement our current blood-donor supplied transfusion system through donor-independent production with complete pathogen-free assurance. This derivation can also overcome alloimmune platelet transfusion refractoriness by resulting in autologous, HLA-homologous or HLA-deficient products. Several developments were necessary to produce a massive number of platelets required for a single transfusion. First, expandable megakaryocytes were established from iPSCs through transgene expression. Second, a turbulent-type bioreactor with improved platelet yield and quality was developed. Third, novel drugs that enabled efficient feeder cell-free conditions were developed. Fourth, the platelet-containing suspension was purified and resuspended in an appropriate buffer. Finally, the platelet product needed to be assured for competency and safety including non-tumorigenicity through in vitro and in vivo preclinical tests. Based on these advancements, a clinical trial has started. The generation of human iPSC-derived platelets could evolve transfusion medicine to the next stage and assure a ubiquitous, safe supply of platelet products. Further, considering the feasibility of gene manipulations in iPSCs, other platelet products may bring forth novel therapeutic measures.
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Abstract
Each year 790,000 people in the United States suffer from a myocardial infarction. This results in the permanent loss of cardiomyocytes and an irreversible loss of cardiac function. Current therapies lower mortality rates, but do not address the core pathology, which opens a pathway to step-wise heart failure. Utilizing stem cells to regenerate the dead tissue is a potential method to reverse these devastating effects. Several clinical trials have already demonstrated the safety of stem cell therapy. In this review, we highlight clinical trials, which have utilized various stem cell lineages, and discuss areas for future research.
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83
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Ampaw AA, Sibthorpe A, Ben RN. Use of Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Assays to Screen for Compounds That Inhibit Ice Recrystallization. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2180:271-283. [PMID: 32797415 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization inhibition assays are used to screen for compounds that possess the ability to inhibit ice recrystallization. The most common of these assays are the splat cooling assay (SCA) and sucrose sandwich assay (SSA). These two assays possess similarities; however, they vary in their sample size, cooling rate, and the solution used to dissolve the analyte. In this chapter, both assay methods are described in detail, and we perform a direct comparison of the assays by evaluating the IRI activity of an antifreeze protein (AFP I). IRI activity is quantified by using ImageJ software to analyze ice crystals, and a quantitative value describing the efficiency of the inhibitor is generated. This analysis emphasizes the importance of choosing the right assay to measure IRI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Ampaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - August Sibthorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert N Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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84
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Xie Q, Feng Y, Li J, Chen X, Ding J. Transaminitis in a Three-year-old Boy with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:474-475. [PMID: 33447533 PMCID: PMC7782112 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked genetic disease of the neuromuscular system and is the most serious type of muscular dystrophy in humans. The disease is characterized by progressive muscular atrophy and a poor prognosis. The incidence rate is 1/3500, and symptoms appear at age of 5 years-old. Some patients present with abnormal aminotransferases as the first symptom. In addition to the clinical characteristics and genetic history, electromyography examination, muscle biopsy, serum enzyme examination, and measures of creatine kinase (CK), CK isoenzyme, and serum lactate dehydrogenase are important features of auxiliary examination. Clinicians who encounter unknown causes of transaminitis should consider the possibility of DMD. We describe here a 3 year-old pediatric patient with increased aminotransferases who had elevated CK and a family genetic history but without liver damage on computed tomography. He was suspected as having inherited the disorder and was finally diagnosed as having DMD by next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingen Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqiang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence to: Jianqiang Ding, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, #1 Jiazi Road, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, China. Tel: +86-757-22318693, Fax: +86-757-22223899, E-mail:
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85
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Madsen SD, Giler MK, Bunnell BA, O'Connor KC. Illuminating the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells In Vivo with Bioluminescence Imaging. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000248. [PMID: 33089922 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical animal studies are essential to the development of safe and effective stem cell therapies. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful tool in animal studies that enables the real-time longitudinal monitoring of stem cells in vivo to elucidate their regenerative properties. This review describes the application of BLI in preclinical stem cell research to address critical challenges in producing successful stem cell therapeutics. These challenges include stem cell survival, proliferation, homing, stress response, and differentiation. The applications presented here utilize bioluminescence to investigate a variety of stem and progenitor cells in several different in vivo models of disease and implantation. An overview of luciferase reporters is provided, along with the advantages and disadvantages of BLI. Additionally, BLI is compared to other preclinical imaging modalities and potential future applications of this technology are discussed in emerging areas of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Madsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Margaret K Giler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kim C O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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86
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Leask F, Terzic A. Regenerative outlook: offering global solutions for equitable care. Regen Med 2020; 15:2249-2252. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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87
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Han F, Lu P. Introduction for Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1266:1-8. [PMID: 33105491 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4370-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of neurological diseases caused by the progressive degeneration of neurons and glial cells in the brain and spinal cords. Usually there is a selective loss of specific neuronal cells in a restricted brain area from any neurodegenerative diseases, such as dopamine (DA) neuron death in Parkinson disease (PD) and motor neuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or a widespread degeneration affecting many types of neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). As there is no effective treatment to stop the progression of these neurodegenerative diseases, stem cell-based therapies have provided great potentials for these disorders. Currently transplantation of different stem cells or their derivatives has improved neural function in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases by replacing the lost neural cells, releasing cytokines, modulation of inflammation, and mediating remyelination. With the advance in somatic cell reprogramming to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and directly induced neural stem cells or neurons, pluripotent stem cell can be induced to differentiate to any kind of neural cells and overcome the immune rejection of the allogeneic transplantation. Recent studies have proved the effectiveness of transplanted stem cells in animal studies and some clinical trials on patients with NDs. However, some significant hurdles need to be resolved before these preclinical results can be translated to clinic. In particular, we need to better understand the molecular mechanisms of stem cell transplantation and develop new approaches to increase the directed neural differentiation, migration, survival, and functional connections of transplanted stem cells in the pathological environment of the patient's central nerve system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Han
- The Institute for Translational Medicine, Shandong University/Affiliated Second Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| | - Paul Lu
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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88
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Combined application of CRISPR-Cas and stem cells for clinical and basic research. CELL REGENERATION 2020; 9:19. [PMID: 33033974 PMCID: PMC7544516 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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89
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Chong JJH, Thompson P. Clarifying the Role of Stem Cells in Cardiac Clinical Therapeutics. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1854-1856. [PMID: 32981744 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J H Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Peter Thompson
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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90
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Manufacturing autologous myoblast for regenerative medicine applications. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:605-614. [PMID: 32902721 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous myoblasts have been tested in the treatment of muscle-related diseases. However, the standardization of manufacturing myoblasts is still not established. Here we report a flask and animal-free medium-based method of manufacturing clinical-grade myoblast together with establishing releasing criteria for myoblast products under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). METHODS Quadriceps muscle biopsy samples were donated from three patients with myogenic ptosis. After biopsy samples were digested through enzymatic dissociation, the cells were grown in T175 flasks (passage 0) and hyperflasks (passage 1) in the animal-free SkGMTM-2 skeletal muscle cell growth medium containing 5% human platelet lysate for 15-17 days. The harvested cells were released based on cell morphology, cell dose, viability, sterility, endotoxin, mycoplasma and immunophenotype. Myotube differentiation was also evaluated. RESULTS 400 to 500 million myoblast cells were manufactured within 15 to 17 days by the end of passage 1, which met pre-determined releasing criteria. The manufactured myoblast cells could differentiate and fuse into myotubes in vitro, with the possible trend that the donor age may impact the differentiation ability of myoblasts. CONCLUSIONS The present study establishes a flask-based method of manufacturing myoblast in the animal-free medium together with releasing criteria, which is simple, robust, inexpensive and easily reproducible. This study will serve as the validation for a planned phase 1 clinical trial to assess the use of autologous myoblast transplants for the treatment of myogenic ptosis and other myogenic diseases.
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91
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Ye K, Takemoto Y, Ito A, Onda M, Morimoto N, Mandai M, Takahashi M, Kato R, Osakada F. Reproducible production and image-based quality evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium sheets from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14387. [PMID: 32873827 PMCID: PMC7462996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) sheets derived from human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSC) is a promising cell therapy for RPE degeneration, such as in age-related macular degeneration. Current RPE replacement therapies, however, face major challenges. They require a tedious manual process of selecting differentiated RPE from hiPSC-derived cells, and despite wide variation in quality of RPE sheets, there exists no efficient process for distinguishing functional RPE sheets from those unsuitable for transplantation. To overcome these issues, we developed methods for the generation of RPE sheets from hiPSC, and image-based evaluation. We found that stepwise treatment with six signaling pathway inhibitors along with nicotinamide increased RPE differentiation efficiency (RPE6iN), enabling the RPE sheet generation at high purity without manual selection. Machine learning models were developed based on cellular morphological features of F-actin-labeled RPE images for predicting transepithelial electrical resistance values, an indicator of RPE sheet function. Our model was effective at identifying low-quality RPE sheets for elimination, even when using label-free images. The RPE6iN-based RPE sheet generation combined with the non-destructive image-based prediction offers a comprehensive new solution for the large-scale production of pure RPE sheets with lot-to-lot variations and should facilitate the further development of RPE replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ye
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuto Takemoto
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Bioengineering, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Arisa Ito
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masanari Onda
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nao Morimoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Laboratory of Neural Information Processing, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Opthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Opthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Vison Care Inc., Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Bioengineering, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Osakada
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Laboratory of Neural Information Processing, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,PRESTO/CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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92
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Kim TW, Koo SY, Studer L. Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease: Present Challenges and Future Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:729. [PMID: 32903681 PMCID: PMC7438741 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), there are currently no effective therapies to prevent or slow down disease progression. Cell replacement therapy using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived dopamine neurons holds considerable promise. It presents a novel, regenerative strategy, building on the extensive history of fetal tissue grafts and capturing the potential of hPSCs to serve as a scalable and standardized cell source. Progress in establishing protocols for the direct differentiation to midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons from hPSC have catalyzed the development of cell-based therapies for PD. Consequently, several groups have derived clinical-grade mDA neuron precursors under clinical good manufacture practice condition, which are progressing toward clinical testing in PD patients. Here we will review the current status of the field, discuss the remaining key challenges, and highlight future areas for further improvements of hPSC-based technologies in the clinical translation to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - So Yeon Koo
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program of Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
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93
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Kim K, Khang D. Past, Present, and Future of Anticancer Nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5719-5743. [PMID: 32821098 PMCID: PMC7418170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the methods that have been used till today, highlight methods that are currently being developed, and predict the future roadmap for anticancer therapy. In the beginning of this review, established approaches for anticancer therapy, such as conventional chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are summarized. To counteract the side effects of conventional chemotherapy and to increase limited anticancer efficacy, nanodrug- and stem cell-based therapies have been introduced. However, current level of understanding and strategies of nanodrug and stem cell-based therapies have limitations that make them inadequate for clinical application. Subsequently, this manuscript reviews methods with fewer side effects compared to those of the methods mentioned above which are currently being investigated and are already being applied in the clinic. The newer strategies that are already being clinically applied include cancer immunotherapy, especially T cell-mediated therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and strategies that are gaining attention include the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment or the activation of dendritic cells. Tumor-associated macrophage repolarization is another potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy, a method which activates macrophages to immunologically attack malignant cells. At the end of this review, we discuss combination therapies, which are the future of cancer treatment. Nanoparticle-based anticancer immunotherapies seem to be effective, in that they effectively use nanodrugs to elicit a greater immune response. The combination of these therapies with others, such as photothermal or tumor vaccine therapy, can result in a greater anticancer effect. Thus, the future of anticancer therapy aims to increase the effectiveness of therapy using various therapies in a synergistic combination rather than individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungeun Kim
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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94
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Bujko K, Cymer M, Adamiak M, Ratajczak MZ. An Overview of Novel Unconventional Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Development and Regulators of Hematopoiesis - a Roadmap for Future Investigations. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:785-794. [PMID: 31642043 PMCID: PMC6925068 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-characterized stem cells in adult tissues. Nevertheless, as of today, many open questions remain. First, what is the phenotype of the most primitive "pre-HSC" able to undergo asymmetric divisions during ex vivo expansion that gives rise to HSC for all hemato-lymphopoietic lineages. Next, most routine in vitro assays designed to study HSC specification into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for major hematopoietic lineages are based on a limited number of peptide-based growth factors and cytokines, neglecting the involvement of several other regulators that are endowed with hematopoietic activity. Examples include many hormones, such as pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal sex hormones, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones, as well as bioactive phosphosphingolipids and extracellular nucleotides (EXNs). Moreover, in addition to regulation by stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), trafficking of these cells during mobilization or homing after transplantation is also regulated by bioactive phosphosphingolipids, EXNs, and three ancient proteolytic cascades, the complement cascade (ComC), the coagulation cascade (CoA), and the fibrinolytic cascade (FibC). Finally, it has emerged that bone marrow responds by "sterile inflammation" to signals sent from damaged organs and tissues, systemic stress, strenuous exercise, gut microbiota, and the administration of certain drugs. This review will address the involvement of these unconventional regulators and present a broader picture of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bujko
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Monika Cymer
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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95
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Wang H, Zhang K, Ruan Z, Sun D, Zhang H, Lin G, Hu L, Zhao S, Fu Q. Probucol enhances the therapeutic efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats by prolonging their survival time via Nrf2 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:302. [PMID: 32693824 PMCID: PMC7374958 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracavernous injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising method for diabetic mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED), but short survival time of MSCs in cavernous is a fatal defect for therapy. This study investigated therapeutic efficiency and potential mechanism of probucol combined with MSCs. METHODS In vivo study, a total of forty-eight 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used. Twelve rats received intraperitoneal injection of PBS as the sham group; the rest received intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin to establish DM models. DM rats were randomly divided into three groups: received intracavernosal (IC) injection of either PBS (DM group), MSCs (M group), or administrated probucol after intracavernosal injection of MSCs (P + M group). Erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves with real-time intracavernous pressure measurement. After euthanasia, penile tissue was investigated for histologic examination and Western blotting. In in vitro experiment, H2O2 was used to create oxidative stress environment to detect changes in cell viability. CCK8 was used to measure cell viability of MSCs treated with or without probucol. Intracellular ROS changes were detected by flow cytometry. Autophagy and apoptosis were detected by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Recovery of erectile function was observed in the P + M group. The combination therapy decreased fibrosis and increased endothelial function compared with MSC therapy alone. Western blotting results confirmed the increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cavernous body. H2O2 induced high oxidative stress and reduced cell viability in vitro, which was gradually reversed with increased concentration of probucol. H2O2 reduced Nrf2 expression, which was reversed by probucol's intervention. Furthermore, the expression of Bax, Caspase3, and Cleaved-Caspase3 decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 increased in a dose-dependent manner because of probucol's intervention. In addition, Beclin1 and LC3II both increased in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the expression of P62 decreased. In the study of autophagy flux, we found probucol did not block it. CONCLUSION Probucol enhanced therapeutic efficiency of MSCs in DMED by prolonging their survival time, which mediated through improving the transplanted microenvironment of MSCs, increasing self-antioxidant ability of MSCs, strengthening protective autophagy, and inhibiting apoptosis of MSCs via Nrf2 pathway. Schematic model showing combined probucol and MSCs to improve DMED. Probucol increases self-antioxidant ability of MSCs, strengthening protective autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 and Nrf2/autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liangliang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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96
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Scognamiglio C, Soloperto A, Ruocco G, Cidonio G. Bioprinting stem cells: building physiological tissues one cell at a time. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C465-C480. [PMID: 32639873 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00124.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting aims to direct the spatial arrangement in three dimensions of cells, biomaterials, and growth factors. The biofabrication of clinically relevant constructs for the repair or modeling of either diseased or damaged tissues is rapidly advancing, resulting in the ability to three-dimensional (3D) print biomimetic platforms which imitate a large number of tissues in the human body. Primary tissue-specific cells are typically isolated from patients and used for the fabrication of 3D models for drug screening or tissue repair purposes. However, the lack of resilience of these platforms, due to the difficulties in harnessing, processing, and implanting patient-specific cells can limit regeneration ability. The printing of stem cells obviates these hurdles, producing functional in vitro models or implantable constructs. Advancements in biomaterial science are helping the development of inks suitable for the encapsulation and the printing of stem cells, promoting their functional growth and differentiation. This review specifically aims to investigate the most recent studies exploring innovative and functional approaches for the printing of 3D constructs to model disease or repair damaged tissues. Key concepts in tissue physiology are highlighted, reporting stem cell applications in biofabrication. Bioprinting technologies and biomaterial inks are listed and analyzed, including recent advancements in biomaterial design for bioprinting applications, commenting on the influence of biomaterial inks on the encapsulated stem cells. Ultimately, most recent successful efforts and clinical potentials for the manufacturing of functional physiological tissue substitutes are reported here, with a major focus on specific tissues, such as vasculature, heart, lung and airways, liver, bone and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cidonio
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
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97
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Fan D, Zeng M, Xia Q, Wu S, Ye S, Rao J, Lin D, Zhang H, Ma H, Han Z, Guo X, Liu Z. Efficacy and safety of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of cesarean section skin scars: a randomized clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:244. [PMID: 32586366 PMCID: PMC7316165 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological skin scars, caused by cesarean section, affected younger mothers esthetically and psychosocially and to some extent frustrated obstetricians and dermatologists. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), as a population of multipotent cells, are abundant in human tissues, providing several possibilities for their effects on skin scar tissues. Herein, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm clinical trial, aiming to assess the efficacy and safety of UC-MSCs in the treatment of cesarean section skin scars among primiparous singleton pregnant women. METHODS Ninety primiparous singleton pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section were randomly allocated to receive placebo, low-dose (3 × 106 cells), or high-dose (6 × 106 cells) transdermal hydrogel UC-MSCs on the surface of the skin incision. The primary outcome was cesarean section skin scars followed after the sixth month, assessed by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). RESULTS All the participants completed their trial of the primary outcome according to the protocol. The mean score of estimated total VSS was 5.52 in all participants at the sixth-month follow-up, with 6.43 in the placebo group, 5.18 in the low-dose group, and 4.71 in the high-dose group, respectively. No significant difference was found between-group in the mean scores for VSS at the sixth month. Additional prespecified secondary outcomes were not found with significant differences among groups either. No obvious side effects or adverse effects were reported in any of the three arms. CONCLUSION This randomized clinical trial showed that UC-MSCs did not demonstrate the effects of improvement of cesarean section skin scars. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02772289. Registered on 13 May 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Shuzhen Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxin Ye
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Rao
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huishan Zhang
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiting Ma
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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98
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Park YS, Kim Y, Kim SW, Kim IB. Light microscopic evidence of in vivo differentiation from the transplanted inferior turbinate-derived stem cell into the rod photoreceptor in degenerating retina of the mouse. Appl Microsc 2020; 50:11. [PMID: 33580384 PMCID: PMC7818368 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-020-00031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The human turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs), which were DiI-labeled and transplanted into the subretinal space in degenerating mouse retina, were observed in retinal vertical sections processed for rhodopsin (a marker for rod photoreceptor) by confocal microscope with differential interference contrast (DIC) filters. The images clearly demonstrated that DiI-labeled hTMSCs have rhodopsin-immunoreactive appendages, indicating differentiation of transplanted hTMSC into rod photoreceptor. Conclusively, the finding suggests therapeutic potential of hTMSCs in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea. .,Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea. .,Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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99
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Zhang S, Hang Y, Wu J, Tang Z, Li X, Zhang S, Wang L, Brash JL, Chen H. Dual Pathway for Promotion of Stem Cell Neural Differentiation Mediated by Gold Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22066-22073. [PMID: 32223207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is of great value in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. On the basis of the two related signaling pathways that direct the neural differentiation of ESCs, we used gold nanoparticles (GNP) as a means of combining chemical and physical cues to trigger the neurogenic differentiation of stem cells. Neural differentiation-related functional units (glyco and sulfonate units on glycosaminoglycans, GAG) were anchored on the GNP surface and were then transferred to the cell membrane surface via GNP-membrane interactions. The functional units were able to activate the GAG-related signaling pathway, in turn promoting differentiation and maturation of stem cells into neuronal lineages. In addition, using the photothermal effect of GNP, the differentiation-inducing factor retinoic acid (RA), could be actively delivered into cells via laser irradiation. The RA-related intracellular signaling pathway was thereby further triggered, resulting in strong promotion of neurogenesis with a 300-fold increase in mature neural marker expression. The gold nanocomposites developed in this work provide the basis for a new strategy directing ESCs differentiation into nerve cells with high efficiency and high purity by acting on two related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Hang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zengchao Tang
- Jiangsu Biosurf Biotech Company, Ltd., Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Suzhou Seemine-Nebula Biotech Company, Ltd., Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shenghan Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - John L Brash
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L7, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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100
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Zhang X, Ruan Y, Wu AK, Zaid U, Villalta JD, Wang G, Banie L, Reed-Maldonado AB, Lin G, Lue TF. Delayed Treatment With Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in an Irreversible Rat Model of Stress Urinary Incontinence. Urology 2020; 141:187.e1-187.e7. [PMID: 32283169 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the outcomes and mechanisms of delayed low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) in a rat model of irreversible stress urinary incontinence (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: sham control, vaginal balloon dilation + β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN; SUI group), and vaginal balloon dilation + BAPN + treatment with Li-ESWT (SUI-Li-ESWT group). An irreversible SUI model was developed by inhibiting the urethral structural recovery with BAPN daily for 5 weeks. Thereafter, in the SUI-Li-ESWT group, Li-ESWT was administered twice per week for 2 weeks. After a 1-week washout, all 24 rats were evaluated with functional and histologic studies at 17 weeks of age. Endogenous progenitor cells were detected via the EdU-labeling method. RESULTS Functional analysis with leak point pressure testing showed that the SUI-Li-ESWT group had significantly higher leak point pressures compared with untreated rats. Increased urethral and vaginal smooth and striated muscle content and increased thickness of the vaginal wall were noted in the SUI-Li-ESWT group. The SUI group had significantly decreased neuronal nitric oxide /tyrosine hydroxylase positive nerves ratio in the smooth muscle layers of the urethra, while the SUI-Li-ESWT group had neuronal nitric oxide/tyrosine hydroxylase+ nerves ratio similar to that of the control group. The continuality of urothelial cell lining was also improved in the SUI-Li-ESWT group. In addition, there were significantly increased EdU-positive cells in the SUI-Li-ESWT group. CONCLUSION Li-ESWT appears to increase smooth muscle content in the urethra and the vagina, increase the thickness of urethral wall, improve striated muscle content and neuromuscular junctions, restore the integrity of the urothelium, and increase the number of EdU-retaining progenitor cells in the urethral wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alex K Wu
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Uwais Zaid
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jaqueline D Villalta
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lia Banie
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Amanda B Reed-Maldonado
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Guiting Lin
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tom F Lue
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
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