51
|
Yang B, Ding L, Chen Y, Shi J. Augmenting Tumor-Starvation Therapy by Cancer Cell Autophagy Inhibition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902847. [PMID: 32195096 PMCID: PMC7080508 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It was recently recognized that cancer therapeutic efficacy may be greatly compromised by an intrinsic protective mechanism called autophagy, by which cancer cells survive in harsh conditions such as starvation. Here, a synergetic strategy is described for cancer treatment by suppressing such a protective mechanism for augmenting tumor-starvation therapy. The synergetic therapy is achieved by restraining glucose metabolism using an antiglycolytic agent to predispose cancer cells to severe energy deprivation; concurrently the downstream autophagic flux and compensatory energy supplies are blocked by the autophagy inhibitor black phosphorus nanosheet. Cancer cells fail to extract their own nutrient to feed themselves, finally succumbing to therapeutic interventions and starving to death. Both in vitro and in vivo results evidence the cooperative effect between the autophagy inhibitor and antiglycolytic agent, which leads to remarkable synergetic antineoplastic outcome. It is expected that such a combinational approach by concurrently blocking exogenous and endogenous nutrition supplies will be beneficial to the design of effective tumor-specific cancer therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hussein AM, Wang Y, Mathieu J, Margaretha L, Song C, Jones DC, Cavanaugh C, Miklas JW, Mahen E, Showalter MR, Ruzzo WL, Fiehn O, Ware CB, Blau CA, Ruohola-Baker H. Metabolic Control over mTOR-Dependent Diapause-like State. Dev Cell 2020; 52:236-250.e7. [PMID: 31991105 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of embryonic diapause, dormancy that interrupts the tight connection between developmental stage and time, is still poorly understood. Here, we characterize the transcriptional and metabolite profiles of mouse diapause embryos and identify unique gene expression and metabolic signatures with activated lipolysis, glycolysis, and metabolic pathways regulated by AMPK. Lipolysis is increased due to mTORC2 repression, increasing fatty acids to support cell survival. We further show that starvation in pre-implantation ICM-derived mouse ESCs induces a reversible dormant state, transcriptionally mimicking the in vivo diapause stage. During starvation, Lkb1, an upstream kinase of AMPK, represses mTOR, which induces a reversible glycolytic and epigenetically H4K16Ac-negative, diapause-like state. Diapause furthermore activates expression of glutamine transporters SLC38A1/2. We show by genetic and small molecule inhibitors that glutamine transporters are essential for the H4K16Ac-negative, diapause state. These data suggest that mTORC1/2 inhibition, regulated by amino acid levels, is causal for diapause metabolism and epigenetic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdiasis M Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lilyana Margaretha
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chaozhong Song
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel C Jones
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christopher Cavanaugh
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason W Miklas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisabeth Mahen
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Walter L Ruzzo
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carol B Ware
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Anthony Blau
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
El Hassouni B, Granchi C, Vallés-Martí A, Supadmanaba IGP, Bononi G, Tuccinardi T, Funel N, Jimenez CR, Peters GJ, Giovannetti E, Minutolo F. The dichotomous role of the glycolytic metabolism pathway in cancer metastasis: Interplay with the complex tumor microenvironment and novel therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:238-248. [PMID: 31445217 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
54
|
Aplak E, von Montfort C, Haasler L, Stucki D, Steckel B, Reichert AS, Stahl W, Brenneisen P. CNP mediated selective toxicity on melanoma cells is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227926. [PMID: 31951630 PMCID: PMC6968876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium (Ce) oxide nanoparticles (CNP; nanoceria) are reported to have cytotoxic effects on certain cancerous cell lines, while at the same concentration they show no cytotoxicity on normal (healthy) cells. Redox-active CNP exhibit both selective prooxidative as well as antioxidative properties. The former is proposed to be responsible for impairment of tumor growth and invasion and the latter for rescuing normal cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Here we address possible underlying mechanisms of prooxidative effects of CNP in a metastatic human melanoma cell line. Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and once it becomes metastatic the prognosis is very poor. We have shown earlier that CNP selectively kill A375 melanoma cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels, whose basic amount is significantly higher than in the normal (healthy) counterpart, the melanocytes. Here we show that CNP initiate a mitochondrial increase of ROS levels accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial thiol oxidation. Furthermore, we observed CNP-induced changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and cristae morphology demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction which finally led to tumor cell death. CNP-induced cell death is abolished by administration of PEG-conjugated catalase. Overall, we propose that cerium oxide nanoparticles mediate cell death via hydrogen peroxide production linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Aplak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia von Montfort
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Haasler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tomimoto K, Osafune Y, Kakizono D, Han J, Mukai N. Isolation methods of high glycosidase-producing mutants of Aspergillus luchuensis and its mutated genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:198-207. [PMID: 31566090 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1671788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High glycosidase-producing strains of Aspergillus luchuensis were isolated from 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) resistant mutants. α-Amylase, exo-α-1,4-glucosidase, β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase activity in the mutants was ~3, ~2, ~4 and ~2.5 times higher than the parental strain RIB2604 on koji-making conditions, respectively. Citric acid production and mycelia growth of the mutants, however, approximately halved to that of the parent. Compared to the parent, the alcohol yield from rice and sweet potato shochu mash of the mutant increased ~5.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The mutant strains showed significantly low glucose assimilability despite the fructose one was almost normal, and they had a single missense or nonsense mutation in the glucokinase gene glkA. The recombinant strain that was introduced at one of the mutations, glkA Q300K, demonstrated similar but not identical phenotypes to the mutant strain. This result indicates that glkA Q300K is one of the major mutations in 2-DG resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tomimoto
- Brewing Microbiology Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Osafune
- Brewing Technology Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dararat Kakizono
- Brewing Technology Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jinshun Han
- Brewing Technology Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mukai
- Brewing Technology Division, National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Defenouillère Q, Verraes A, Laussel C, Friedrich A, Schacherer J, Léon S. The induction of HAD-like phosphatases by multiple signaling pathways confers resistance to the metabolic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/597/eaaw8000. [PMID: 31481524 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-cancer strategies that target the glycolytic metabolism of tumors have been proposed. The glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) is imported into cells and, after phosphorylation, becomes 2DG-6-phosphate, a toxic by-product that inhibits glycolysis. Using yeast as a model, we performed an unbiased mass spectrometry-based approach to probe the cellular effects of 2DG on the proteome and study resistance mechanisms to 2DG. We found that two phosphatases that target 2DG-6-phosphate were induced upon exposure to 2DG and participated in 2DG detoxification. Dog1 and Dog2 are HAD (haloacid dehalogenase)-like phosphatases, which are evolutionarily conserved. 2DG induced Dog2 by activating several signaling pathways, such as the stress response pathway mediated by the p38 MAPK ortholog Hog1, the unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by 2DG-induced ER stress, and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway mediated by the MAPK Slt2. Loss of the UPR or CWI pathways led to 2DG hypersensitivity. In contrast, mutants impaired in the glucose-mediated repression of genes were 2DG resistant because glucose availability transcriptionally repressed DOG2 by inhibiting signaling mediated by the AMPK ortholog Snf1. The characterization and genome resequencing of spontaneous 2DG-resistant mutants revealed that DOG2 overexpression was a common strategy underlying 2DG resistance. The human Dog2 homolog HDHD1 displayed phosphatase activity toward 2DG-6-phosphate in vitro and its overexpression conferred 2DG resistance in HeLa cells, suggesting that this 2DG phosphatase could interfere with 2DG-based chemotherapies. These results show that HAD-like phosphatases are evolutionarily conserved regulators of 2DG resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Defenouillère
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Agathe Verraes
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Clotilde Laussel
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Anne Friedrich
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Schacherer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Léon
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Olin-Sandoval V, Yu JSL, Miller-Fleming L, Alam MT, Kamrad S, Correia-Melo C, Haas R, Segal J, Peña Navarro DA, Herrera-Dominguez L, Méndez-Lucio O, Vowinckel J, Mülleder M, Ralser M. Lysine harvesting is an antioxidant strategy and triggers underground polyamine metabolism. Nature 2019; 572:249-253. [PMID: 31367038 PMCID: PMC6774798 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both single and multicellular organisms depend on anti-stress mechanisms that enable them to deal with sudden changes in the environment, including exposure to heat and oxidants. Central to the stress response are dynamic changes in metabolism, such as the transition from the glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway-a conserved first-line response to oxidative insults1,2. Here we report a second metabolic adaptation that protects microbial cells in stress situations. The role of the yeast polyamine transporter Tpo1p3-5 in maintaining oxidant resistance is unknown6. However, a proteomic time-course experiment suggests a link to lysine metabolism. We reveal a connection between polyamine and lysine metabolism during stress situations, in the form of a promiscuous enzymatic reaction in which the first enzyme of the polyamine pathway, Spe1p, decarboxylates lysine and forms an alternative polyamine, cadaverine. The reaction proceeds in the presence of extracellular lysine, which is taken up by cells to reach concentrations up to one hundred times higher than those required for growth. Such extensive harvest is not observed for the other amino acids, is dependent on the polyamine pathway and triggers a reprogramming of redox metabolism. As a result, NADPH-which would otherwise be required for lysine biosynthesis-is channelled into glutathione metabolism, leading to a large increase in glutathione concentrations, lower levels of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidant tolerance. Our results show that nutrient uptake occurs not only to enable cell growth, but when the nutrient availability is favourable it also enables cells to reconfigure their metabolism to preventatively mount stress protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Olin-Sandoval
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jason Shu Lim Yu
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Leonor Miller-Fleming
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephan Kamrad
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clara Correia-Melo
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Robert Haas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Joanna Segal
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Oscar Méndez-Lucio
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jakob Vowinckel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biognosys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yoshihara A, Sakoguchi H, Shintani T, Fleet GWJ, Izumori K, Sato M. Growth inhibition by 1-deoxy-d-allulose, a novel bioactive deoxy sugar, screened using Caenorhabditis elegans assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2483-2486. [PMID: 31345631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The biological activities of deoxy sugars (deoxy monosaccharides) have remained largely unstudied until recently. We compared the growth inhibition by all 1-deoxyketohexoses using the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Among the eight stereoisomers, 1-deoxy-d-allulose (1d-d-Alu) showed particularly strong growth inhibition. The 50% inhibition of growth (GI50) concentration by 1d-d-Alu was estimated to be 5.4 mM, which is approximately 10 times lower than that of d-allulose (52.7 mM), and even lower than that of the potent glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (19.5 mM), implying that 1d-d-Alu has a strong growth inhibition. In contrast, 5-deoxy- and 6-deoxy-d-allulose showed no growth inhibition of C. elegans. The inhibition by 1d-d-Alu was alleviated by the addition of d-ribose or d-fructose. Our findings suggest that 1d-d-Alu-mediated growth inhibition could be induced by the imbalance in d-ribose metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of biological activity of 1d-d-Alu which may be considered as an antimetabolite drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Yoshihara
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakoguchi
- Kagawa Prefectural Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health, Takamatsu, Kagawa 760-0065, Japan
| | - Tomoya Shintani
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - George W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ken Izumori
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Masashi Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Current Status and Future Prospects of Clinically Exploiting Cancer-specific Metabolism-Why Is Tumor Metabolism Not More Extensively Translated into Clinical Targets and Biomarkers? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061385. [PMID: 30893889 PMCID: PMC6471292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit a specialized metabolism supporting their superior ability for rapid proliferation, migration, and apoptotic evasion. It is reasonable to assume that the specific metabolic needs of the tumor cells can offer an array of therapeutic windows as pharmacological disturbance may derail the biochemical mechanisms necessary for maintaining the tumor characteristics, while being less important for normally proliferating cells. In addition, the specialized metabolism may leave a unique metabolic signature which could be used clinically for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Quantitative global metabolic profiling (metabolomics) has evolved over the last two decades. However, despite the technology’s present ability to measure 1000s of endogenous metabolites in various clinical or biological specimens, there are essentially no examples of metabolomics investigations being translated into actual utility in the cancer clinic. This review investigates the current efforts of using metabolomics as a tool for translation of tumor metabolism into the clinic and further seeks to outline paths for increasing the momentum of using tumor metabolism as a biomarker and drug target opportunity.
Collapse
|
60
|
Wilson JJ, Chow KH, Labrie NJ, Branca JA, Sproule TJ, Perkins BRA, Wolf EE, Costa M, Stafford G, Rosales C, Mills KD, Roopenian DC, Hasham MG. Enhancing the efficacy of glycolytic blockade in cancer cells via RAD51 inhibition. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:169-182. [PMID: 30183475 PMCID: PMC6343731 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1507666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the early steps of the glycolysis pathway in cancers is a well-established therapeutic strategy; however, the doses required to elicit a therapeutic effect on the cancer can be toxic to the patient. Consequently, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have combined glycolytic blockade with other therapies. However, most of these other therapies do not specifically target cancer cells, and thus adversely affect normal tissue. Here we first show that a diverse number of cancer models – spontaneous, patient-derived xenografted tumor samples, and xenografted human cancer cells – can be efficiently targeted by 2-deoxy-D-Glucose (2DG), a well-known glycolytic inhibitor. Next, we tested the cancer-cell specificity of a therapeutic compound using the MEC1 cell line, a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell line that expresses activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID). We show that MEC1 cells, are susceptible to 4,4ʹ-Diisothiocyano-2,2ʹ-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS), a specific RAD51 inhibitor. We then combine 2DG and DIDS, each at a lower dose and demonstrate that this combination is more efficacious than fludarabine, the current standard- of- care treatment for CLL. This suggests that the therapeutic blockade of glycolysis together with the therapeutic inhibition of RAD51-dependent homologous recombination can be a potentially beneficial combination for targeting AID positive cancer cells with minimal adverse effects on normal tissue. Implications: Combination therapy targeting glycolysis and specific RAD51 function shows increased efficacy as compared to standard of care treatments in leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Wilson
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Kin-Hoe Chow
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Nathan J Labrie
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Jane A Branca
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Thomas J Sproule
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Bryant R A Perkins
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Elise E Wolf
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Mauro Costa
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Grace Stafford
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Christine Rosales
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | | | - Derry C Roopenian
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| | - Muneer G Hasham
- a Research Department , The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang F, Zhang S, Vuckovic I, Jeon R, Lerman A, Folmes CD, Dzeja PP, Herrmann J. Glycolytic Stimulation Is Not a Requirement for M2 Macrophage Differentiation. Cell Metab 2018; 28:463-475.e4. [PMID: 30184486 PMCID: PMC6449248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced glucose uptake and a switch to glycolysis are key traits of M1 macrophages, whereas enhanced fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation are the main metabolic characteristics of M2 macrophages. Recent studies challenge this traditional view, indicating that glycolysis may also be critically important for M2 macrophage differentiation, based on experiments with 2-DG. Here we confirm the inhibitory effect of 2-DG on glycolysis, but also demonstrate that 2-DG impairs oxidative phosphorylation and significantly reduces 13C-labeled Krebs cycle metabolites and intracellular ATP levels. These metabolic derangements were associated with reduced JAK-STAT6 pathway activity and M2 differentiation marker expression. While glucose deprivation and glucose substitution with galactose effectively suppressed glycolytic activity, there was no effective suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, intracellular ATP levels, STAT6 phosphorylation, and M2 differentiation marker expression. These data indicate that glycolytic stimulation is not required for M2 macrophage differentiation as long as oxidative phosphorylation remains active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Ivan Vuckovic
- Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Ryounghoon Jeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Clifford D Folmes
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Petras P Dzeja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; Mayo Clinic Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Wang F, Zhang S, Jeon R, Vuckovic I, Jiang X, Lerman A, Folmes CD, Dzeja PD, Herrmann J. Interferon Gamma Induces Reversible Metabolic Reprogramming of M1 Macrophages to Sustain Cell Viability and Pro-Inflammatory Activity. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:303-316. [PMID: 29463472 PMCID: PMC5953001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical activation of M1 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. However, the generalizability of such metabolic remodeling to other modes of M1 macrophage stimulation, e.g. type II interferons (IFNs) such as IFNγ, has remained unknown as has the functional significance of aerobic glycolysis during macrophage activation. Here we demonstrate that IFNγ induces a rapid activation of aerobic glycolysis followed by a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation in M1 macrophages. Elevated glycolytic flux sustains cell viability and inflammatory activity, while limiting reliance on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) distributed by aerobic glycolysis is critical for sustaining IFN-γ triggered JAK (Janus tyrosine kinase)-STAT-1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1) signaling with phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT-1 as its signature trait. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis not only blocks the M1 phenotype and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in murine macrophages and also human monocytes/macrophages. These findings extend on the potential functional role of immuno-metabolism from LPS- to IFNγ-linked diseases such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ryounghoon Jeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ivan Vuckovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Petras D Dzeja
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Le Pogam P, Doué M, Le Page Y, Habauzit D, Zhadobov M, Sauleau R, Le Dréan Y, Rondeau D. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal Lipid Alterations upon 2-Deoxyglucose Treatment in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1146-1157. [PMID: 29430917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) impedes cancer progression in animal models and is currently being assessed as an anticancer therapy, yet the mode of action of this drug of high clinical significance has not been fully delineated. In an attempt to better characterize its pharmacodynamics, an integrative UPLC-Q-Exactive-based joint metabolomic and lipidomic approach was undertaken to evaluate the metabolic perturbations induced by this drug in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. R-XCMS data processing and subsequent multivariate pattern recognition, metabolites identification, and pathway analyses identified eight metabolites that were most significantly changed upon a 3 h 2-DG exposure. Most of these dysregulated features were emphasized in the course of lipidomic profiling and could be identified as ceramide and glucosylceramide derivatives, consistently with their involvement in cell death programming. Even though metabolomic analyses did not generally afford such clear-cut dysregulations, some alterations in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives could be highlighted as well. Overall, these results support the adequacy of the proposed analytical workflow and might contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the promising effects of 2-DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Pogam
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, University of Rennes , Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mickael Doué
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, University of Rennes , Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yann Le Page
- Transcription, Environment and Cancer Group, Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, University of Rennes 1 , 9 avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Denis Habauzit
- Transcription, Environment and Cancer Group, Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, University of Rennes 1 , 9 avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Maxim Zhadobov
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, University of Rennes , Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Ronan Sauleau
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, University of Rennes , Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yves Le Dréan
- Transcription, Environment and Cancer Group, Institute for Research on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm UMR1085, University of Rennes 1 , 9 avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - David Rondeau
- Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, University of Rennes , Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Département de Chimie, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Jeon M, Kang HW, An S. A Mathematical Model for Enzyme Clustering in Glucose Metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2696. [PMID: 29426820 PMCID: PMC5807315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the rate-limiting enzymes in human glucose metabolism organize into cytoplasmic clusters to form a multienzyme complex, the glucosome, in at least three different sizes. Quantitative high-content imaging data support a hypothesis that the glucosome clusters regulate the direction of glucose flux between energy metabolism and building block biosynthesis in a cluster size-dependent manner. However, direct measurement of their functional contributions to cellular metabolism at subcellular levels has remained challenging. In this work, we develop a mathematical model using a system of ordinary differential equations, in which the association of the rate-limiting enzymes into multienzyme complexes is included as an essential element. We then demonstrate that our mathematical model provides a quantitative principle to simulate glucose flux at both subcellular and population levels in human cancer cells. Lastly, we use the model to simulate 2-deoxyglucose-mediated alteration of glucose flux in a population level based on subcellular high-content imaging data. Collectively, we introduce a new mathematical model for human glucose metabolism, which promotes our understanding of functional roles of differently sized multienzyme complexes in both single-cell and population levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miji Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Hye-Won Kang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
| | - Songon An
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Watts JL, Ristow M. Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2017; 207:413-446. [PMID: 28978773 PMCID: PMC5629314 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are highly conserved processes that affect nearly all aspects of organismal biology. Caenorhabditis elegans eat bacteria, which consist of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins that are broken down during digestion into fatty acids, simple sugars, and amino acid precursors. With these nutrients, C. elegans synthesizes a wide range of metabolites that are required for development and behavior. In this review, we outline lipid and carbohydrate structures as well as biosynthesis and breakdown pathways that have been characterized in C. elegans We bring attention to functional studies using mutant strains that reveal physiological roles for specific lipids and carbohydrates during development, aging, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Watts
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach-Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Varanasi SK, Donohoe D, Jaggi U, Rouse BT. Manipulating Glucose Metabolism during Different Stages of Viral Pathogenesis Can Have either Detrimental or Beneficial Effects. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:1748-1761. [PMID: 28768727 PMCID: PMC5584583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This report deals with physiological changes and their implication following ocular infection with HSV. This infection usually results in a blinding inflammatory reaction in the cornea, orchestrated mainly by proinflammatory CD4 T cells and constrained in severity by regulatory T cells. In the present report, we make the unexpected finding that blood glucose levels change significantly during the course of infection. Whereas levels remained normal during the early phase of infection when the virus was actively replicating in the cornea, they increased around 2-fold during the time when inflammatory responses to the virus was occurring. We could show that glucose levels influenced the extent of induction of the inflammatory T cell subset in vitro that mainly drives lesions, but not regulatory T cells. Additionally, if glucose utilization was limited in vivo as a consequence of therapy in the inflammatory phase with the drug 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), lesions were diminished compared with untreated infected controls. In addition, lesions in 2DG-treated animals contained less proinflammatory effectors. Glucose metabolism also influenced the acute phase of infection when the replicating virus was present in the eye. Thus, therapy with 2DG to limit glucose utilization caused mice to become susceptible to the lethal effects of HSV infection, with the virus spreading to the brain causing encephalitis. Taken together, our results indicate that glucose metabolism changed during the course of HSV infection and that modulating glucose levels can influence the outcome of infection, being detrimental or beneficial according to the stage of viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Karthik Varanasi
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, College of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996;
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Bizjak M, Malavašič P, Dolinar K, Pohar J, Pirkmajer S, Pavlin M. Combined treatment with Metformin and 2-deoxy glucose induces detachment of viable MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1761. [PMID: 28496098 PMCID: PMC5431940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple naegative breast cancer has an increased rate of distant metastasis and consequently poor prognosis. To metastasize, breast cancer cells must detach from the main tumour mass and resist anoikis, a programmed cell death induced by lack of cell-extracellular matrix communication. Although cancer cells must detach to metastasize in vivo, the viability of floating cancer cells in vitro is rarely investigated. Here we show that co-treatment of anoikis-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells with metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) increased the percentage of floating cells, of which about 95% were viable. Floating cells resumed their proliferation once they were reseeded in the pharmacological compound-free medium. Similar effects on detachment were observed on anoikis-prone MCF-7 cells. Co-treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with metformin and 2-DG induced a strong activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which was reduced by AMPK inhibitor compound C that prevented detachment of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, direct AMPK activators A-769662 and AICAR did not have any major effect on the percentage of floating MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that AMPK activation is necessary but not sufficient for triggering detachment of cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that separate analysis of floating and attached cancer cells might be important for evaluation of anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maruša Bizjak
- Group for nano and biotechnological applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Malavašič
- Group for nano and biotechnological applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dolinar
- Group for nano and biotechnological applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jelka Pohar
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for nano and biotechnological applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Hipkiss AR. On the Relationship between Energy Metabolism, Proteostasis, Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Possible Causative Role of Methylglyoxal and Alleviative Potential of Carnosine. Aging Dis 2017; 8:334-345. [PMID: 28580188 PMCID: PMC5440112 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that energy metabolism can strongly influence proteostasis and thereby affect onset of aging and related disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Changes in glycolytic and proteolytic activities (influenced by diet and development) are suggested to synergistically create a self-reinforcing deleterious cycle via enhanced formation of triose phosphates (dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) and their decomposition product methylglyoxal (MG). It is proposed that triose phosphates and/or MG contribute to the development of PD and its attendant pathophysiological symptoms. MG can induce many of the macromolecular modifications (e.g. protein glycation) which characterise the aged-phenotype. MG can also react with dopamine to generate a salsolinol-like product, 1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinaline (ADTIQ), which accumulates in the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain and whose effects on mitochondria, analogous to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), closely resemble changes associated with PD. MG can directly damage the intracellular proteolytic apparatus and modify proteins into non-degradable (cross-linked) forms. It is suggested that increased endogenous MG formation may result from either, or both, enhanced glycolytic activity and decreased proteolytic activity and contribute to the macromolecular changes associated with PD. Carnosine, a naturally-occurring dipeptide, may ameliorate MG-induced effects due, in part, to its carbonyl-scavenging activity. The possibility that ingestion of highly glycated proteins could also contribute to age-related brain dysfunction is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA), School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Lima JO, Pereira JF, Araújo EFD, Queiroz MVD. Pectin lyase overproduction by Penicillium griseoroseum mutants resistant to catabolite repression. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:602-606. [PMID: 28237679 PMCID: PMC5498439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of pectinolytic genes is regulated by catabolic repression limiting the production of pectin lyase (PL) if the natural inducer, pectin, is missing from the growth medium. Here, we report the isolation of Penicillium griseoroseum mutants resistant to 2-deoxy-d-glucose (DG) that show resistance to catabolite repression and overproduce PL. Three spontaneous and nine UV-induced mutants were obtained. Some mutants produced sectors (segments morphologically different) that were also studied. The mutants were analyzed for pectinases production on pectinase-agar plates and five mutants and two sectors showing larger clearing zones than the wild type were selected for quantitative assay. Although PL production higher than the wild type has been found, phenotype instability was observed for most of the mutants and, after transfers to nonselective medium, the DG resistance was no longer present. Only mutants M03 and M04 were stable maintaining the DG-resistance phenotype. When growing for 120 h in liquid medium containing glucose with or without pectin, both mutants showed higher PL production. In the presence of glucose as sole carbon source, the mutant M03 produced 7.8-fold more PL than the wild type. Due its phenotypic stability and PL overproduction, the mutant M03 presents potential for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Fernando Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Shen DL, Liu TW, Zandberg W, Clark T, Eskandari R, Alteen MG, Tan HY, Zhu Y, Cecioni S, Vocadlo D. Catalytic Promiscuity of O-GlcNAc Transferase Enables Unexpected Metabolic Engineering of Cytoplasmic Proteins with 2-Azido-2-deoxy-glucose. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:206-213. [PMID: 27935279 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes the installation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) O-linked to nucleocytoplasmic proteins (O-GlcNAc) within multicellular eukaryotes. OGT shows surprising tolerance for structural changes in the sugar component of its nucleotide sugar donor substrate, uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). Here, we find that OGT uses UDP-glucose to install O-linked glucose (O-Glc) onto proteins only 25-fold less efficiently than O-GlcNAc. Spurred by this observation, we show that OGT transfers 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (GlcAz) in vitro from UDP-GlcAz to proteins. Further, feeding cells with per-O-acetyl GlcAz (AcGlcAz), in combination with inhibition or inducible knockout of OGT, shows OGT-dependent modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with O-GlcAz as detected using microscopy, immunoblot, and proteomics. We find that O-GlcAz is reversible within cells, and an unidentified cellular enzyme exists to cleave O-Glc that can also process O-GlcAz. We anticipate that AcGlcAz will prove to be a useful tool to study the O-GlcNAc modification. We also speculate that, given the high concentration of UDP-Glc within certain mammalian tissues, O-Glc may exist within mammals and serve as a physiologically relevant modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Shen
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Wesley Zandberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tom Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Razieh Eskandari
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthew G. Alteen
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hong Yee Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Samy Cecioni
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David Vocadlo
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Vishwanatha A, D'Souza CJM. Multifaceted effects of antimetabolite and anticancer drug, 2-deoxyglucose on eukaryotic cancer models budding and fission yeast. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:137-147. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Vishwanatha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry; University of Mysore; Manasagangotri Mysore Karnataka India
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Sun L, Liu X, Fu H, Zhou W, Zhong D. 2-Deoxyglucose Suppresses ERK Phosphorylation in LKB1 and Ras Wild-Type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168793. [PMID: 28033353 PMCID: PMC5198974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate ATP, namely the "Warburg" effect. 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) is well characterized as a glycolytic inhibitor, but its effect on cellular signaling pathways has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we sought to investigate the effect of 2-DG on ERK function in lung cancer cells. We found that 2-DG inhibits ERK phosphorylation in a time and dose-dependent manner in lung cancer cells. This inhibition requires functional LKB1. LKB1 knockdown in LKB1 wildtype cells correlated with an increase in the basal level of p-ERK. Restoration of LKB1 in LKB1-null cells significantly inhibits ERK activation. Blocking AMPK function with AMPK inhibitor, AMPK siRNA or DN-AMPK diminishes the inhibitory effect of 2-DG on ERK, suggesting that 2-DG—induced ERK inhibition is mediated by LKB1/AMPK signaling. Moreover, IGF1-induced ERK phosphorylation is significantly decreased by 2-DG. Conversely, a subset of oncogenic mutants of K-Ras, the main upstream regulator of ERK, blocks 2-DG—induced LKB1/AMPK signaling. These findings reveal the potential cross-talk between LKB1/AMPK and ERK signaling and help to better understand the mechanism of action of 2-DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DZ); (WZ)
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (WZ)
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Mediani L, Gibellini F, Bertacchini J, Frasson C, Bosco R, Accordi B, Basso G, Bonora M, Calabrò ML, Mattiolo A, Sgarbi G, Baracca A, Pinton P, Riva G, Rampazzo E, Petrizza L, Prodi L, Milani D, Luppi M, Potenza L, De Pol A, Cocco L, Capitani S, Marmiroli S. Reversal of the glycolytic phenotype of primary effusion lymphoma cells by combined targeting of cellular metabolism and PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5521-37. [PMID: 26575168 PMCID: PMC4868703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PEL is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, occurring predominantly as a lymphomatous effusion in body cavities, characterized by aggressive clinical course, with no standard therapy. Based on previous reports that PEL cells display a Warburg phenotype, we hypothesized that the highly hypoxic environment in which they grow in vivo makes them more reliant on glycolysis, and more vulnerable to drugs targeting this pathway. We established here that indeed PEL cells in hypoxia are more sensitive to glycolysis inhibition. Furthermore, since PI3K/Akt/mTOR has been proposed as a drug target in PEL, we ascertained that pathway-specific inhibitors, namely the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, and the Akt inhibitor, Akti 1/2, display improved cytotoxicity to PEL cells in hypoxic conditions. Unexpectedly, we found that these drugs reduce lactate production/extracellular acidification rate, and, in combination with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), they shift PEL cells metabolism from aerobic glycolysis towards oxidative respiration. Moreover, the associations possess strong synergistic cytotoxicity towards PEL cells, and thus may reduce adverse reaction in vivo, while displaying very low toxicity to normal lymphocytes. Finally, we showed that the association of 2-DG and PF-04691502 maintains its cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect also in PEL cells co-cultured with human primary mesothelial cells, a condition known to mimic the in vivo environment and to exert a protective and pro-survival action. All together, these results provide a compelling rationale for the clinical development of new therapies for the treatment of PEL, based on combined targeting of glycolytic metabolism and constitutively activated signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mediani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bosco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Mattiolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Petrizza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zhu J, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Sun H. Targeting cancer cell metabolism: The combination of metformin and 2-Deoxyglucose regulates apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via p38 MAPK/JNK signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4812-4821. [PMID: 27904682 PMCID: PMC5126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting cancer cell metabolism is a new promising strategy to fight cancer. Metformin, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, exerts anti-cancer and anti-proliferative action. 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), a glucose analog, works as a competitive inhibitor of glycolysis. In this study, we show for the first time that metformin in combination with 2-DG inhibited growth, migration, invasion and induced cell cycle arrest of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, metformin and 2-DG could efficiently induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, which was achieved by activating p38 MAPK and JNK pathways. Our study reinforces the growing interest of metabolic interference in cancer therapy and highlights the potential use of the combination of metformin and 2-DG as an anti-tumor treatment in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Pei S, Minhajuddin M, D'Alessandro A, Nemkov T, Stevens BM, Adane B, Khan N, Hagen FK, Yadav VK, De S, Ashton JM, Hansen KC, Gutman JA, Pollyea DA, Crooks PA, Smith C, Jordan CT. Rational Design of a Parthenolide-based Drug Regimen That Selectively Eradicates Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21984-22000. [PMID: 27573247 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multidrug approaches to cancer therapy are common, few strategies are based on rigorous scientific principles. Rather, drug combinations are largely dictated by empirical or clinical parameters. In the present study we developed a strategy for rational design of a regimen that selectively targets human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) stem cells. As a starting point, we used parthenolide, an agent shown to target critical mechanisms of redox balance in primary AML cells. Next, using proteomic, genomic, and metabolomic methods, we determined that treatment with parthenolide leads to induction of compensatory mechanisms that include up-regulated NADPH production via the pentose phosphate pathway as well as activation of the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway. Using this knowledge we identified 2-deoxyglucose and temsirolimus as agents that can be added to a parthenolide regimen as a means to inhibit such compensatory events and thereby further enhance eradication of AML cells. We demonstrate that the parthenolide, 2-deoxyglucose, temsirolimus (termed PDT) regimen is a potent means of targeting AML stem cells but has little to no effect on normal stem cells. Taken together our findings illustrate a comprehensive approach to designing combination anticancer drug regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | | | | | | | | | - Vinod K Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, and
| | - Subhajyoti De
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, and
| | - John M Ashton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | | | | | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Vishwanatha A, Rallis C, Bevkal Subramanyaswamy S, D'Souza CJM, Bähler J, Schweingruber ME. Identification of nuclear genes affecting 2-Deoxyglucose resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow061. [PMID: 27481777 PMCID: PMC5452730 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) is a toxic glucose analog. To identify genes involved in 2-DG toxicity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we screened a wild-type overexpression library for genes which render cells 2-DG resistant. A gene we termed odr1, encoding an uncharacterized hydrolase, led to strong resistance and altered invertase expression when overexpressed. We speculate that Odr1 neutralizes the toxic form of 2-DG, similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dog1 and Dog2 phosphatases which dephosphorylate 2-DG-6-phosphate synthesized by hexokinase. In a complementary approach, we screened a haploid deletion library to identify 2-DG-resistant mutants. This screen identified the genes snf5, ypa1, pas1 and pho7. In liquid medium, deletions of these genes conferred 2-DG resistance preferentially under glucose-repressed conditions. The deletion mutants expressed invertase activity more constitutively than the control strain, indicating defects in the control of glucose repression. No S. cerevisiae orthologs of the pho7 gene is known, and no 2-DG resistance has been reported for any of the deletion mutants of the other genes identified here. Moreover, 2-DG leads to derepressed invertase activity in S. pombe, while in S. cerevisiae it becomes repressed. Taken together, these findings suggest that mechanisms involved in 2-DG resistance differ between budding and fission yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Vishwanatha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shubha Bevkal Subramanyaswamy
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Bähler
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Martin Ernst Schweingruber
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Tran Q, Lee H, Park J, Kim SH, Park J. Targeting Cancer Metabolism - Revisiting the Warburg Effects. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:177-93. [PMID: 27437085 PMCID: PMC4946416 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than half of century since the Warburg effect was described, this atypical metabolism has been standing true for almost every type of cancer, exhibiting higher glycolysis and lactate metabolism and defective mitochondrial ATP production. This phenomenon had attracted many scientists to the problem of elucidating the mechanism of, and reason for, this effect. Several models based on oncogenic studies have been proposed, such as the accumulation of mitochondrial gene mutations, the switch from oxidative phosphorylation respiration to glycolysis, the enhancement of lactate metabolism, and the alteration of glycolytic genes. Whether the Warburg phenomenon is the consequence of genetic dysregulation in cancer or the cause of cancer remains unknown. Moreover, the exact reasons and physiological values of this peculiar metabolism in cancer remain unclear. Although there are some pharmacological compounds, such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose, dichloroacetic acid, and 3-bromopyruvate, therapeutic strategies, including diet, have been developed based on targeting the Warburg effect. In this review, we will revisit the Warburg effect to determine how much scientists currently understand about this phenomenon and how we can treat the cancer based on targeting metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Mesquita VA, Machado MD, Silva CF, Soares EV. Influence of the metabolic state on the tolerance of Pichia kudriavzevii to heavy metals. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1244-1251. [PMID: 27283353 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to examine the influence of the metabolic state of the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii on the susceptibility to a metals mixture (5 mg L-1 Cd, 10 mg L-1 Pb, and 5 mg L-1 Zn). Cells exposed to the metals mixture in the presence of 25 mmol L-1 glucose displayed a higher loss of membrane integrity and proliferation capacity, compared to cells incubated in the absence of glucose. The analysis of the effect of individual metals revealed that glucose increased the toxic effect of Cd marginally, and of Pb significantly. The increased susceptibility to heavy metals due to glucose was attenuated in the simultaneous presence of a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor such as sodium azide (NaN3 ). ATP-depleted yeast cells, resulting from treatment with the non-metabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose, showed an increased susceptibility to heavy metals mixture. Pre-incubation of yeast cells with 1 or 1.5 mmol L-1 Ca2+ reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the loss of membrane integrity induced by the metals mixture. These findings contribute to the understanding of metals mechanisms of toxicity in the non-conventional yeast P. kudriavzevii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Mesquita
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIETI, Department of Chemical Engineering, ISEP-School of Engineering of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIETI, Department of Chemical Engineering, ISEP-School of Engineering of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Cristina F Silva
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIETI, Department of Chemical Engineering, ISEP-School of Engineering of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Sleiman SF, Henry J, Al-Haddad R, El Hayek L, Abou Haidar E, Stringer T, Ulja D, Karuppagounder SS, Holson EB, Ratan RR, Ninan I, Chao MV. Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27253067 PMCID: PMC4915811 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise induces beneficial responses in the brain, which is accompanied by an increase in BDNF, a trophic factor associated with cognitive improvement and the alleviation of depression and anxiety. However, the exact mechanisms whereby physical exercise produces an induction in brain Bdnf gene expression are not well understood. While pharmacological doses of HDAC inhibitors exert positive effects on Bdnf gene transcription, the inhibitors represent small molecules that do not occur in vivo. Here, we report that an endogenous molecule released after exercise is capable of inducing key promoters of the Mus musculus Bdnf gene. The metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate, which increases after prolonged exercise, induces the activities of Bdnf promoters, particularly promoter I, which is activity-dependent. We have discovered that the action of β-hydroxybutyrate is specifically upon HDAC2 and HDAC3, which act upon selective Bdnf promoters. Moreover, the effects upon hippocampal Bdnf expression were observed after direct ventricular application of β-hydroxybutyrate. Electrophysiological measurements indicate that β-hydroxybutyrate causes an increase in neurotransmitter release, which is dependent upon the TrkB receptor. These results reveal an endogenous mechanism to explain how physical exercise leads to the induction of BDNF. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15092.001 Exercise is not only good for our physical health but it benefits our mental health and abilities too. Physical exercise can affect how much of certain proteins are made in the brain. In particular, the levels of a protein called brain derived neurotrophic factor (or BDNF for short) increase after exercise. BDNF has already been shown to enhance mental abilities at the same time as acting against anxiety and depression in mice, and might act in similar way in humans. Nevertheless, it is currently not clear how exercise increases the production of BDNF by cells in the brain. Sleiman et al. have now investigated this question by comparing mice that were allowed to use a running wheel for 30 days with control mice that did not exercise. The comparison showed that the exercising mice had higher levels of BDNF in their brains than the control mice, which confirms the results of previous studies. Next, biochemical experiments showed that this change occurred when enzymes known as histone deacetylases stopped inhibiting the production of BDNF. Therefore Sleiman et al. hypothesised that exercise might produce a chemical that itself inhibits the histone deacetylases. Indeed, the exercising mice produced more of a molecule called β-hydroxybutyrate in their livers, which travels through the blood into the brain where it could inhibit histone deacetylases. Further experiments showed that injecting β-hydroxybutyrate directly into the brains of mice led to increase in BDNF. These new findings reveal with molecular detail one way in which exercise can affect the expression of proteins in the brain. This new understanding may provide ideas for new therapies to treat psychiatric diseases, such as depression, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15092.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sama F Sleiman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jeffrey Henry
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Rami Al-Haddad
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Lauretta El Hayek
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Edwina Abou Haidar
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Thomas Stringer
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Devyani Ulja
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, United States.,Brain Mind Research Institue, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Edward B Holson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Atlas Venture, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, United States.,Brain Mind Research Institue, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Ipe Ninan
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Moses V Chao
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Shirai T, Nazarewicz RR, Wallis BB, Yanes RE, Watanabe R, Hilhorst M, Tian L, Harrison DG, Giacomini JC, Assimes TL, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. The glycolytic enzyme PKM2 bridges metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction in coronary artery disease. J Exp Med 2016; 213:337-54. [PMID: 26926996 PMCID: PMC4813677 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism and enhanced oxidative stress accelerate cardiovascular disease, a chronic inflammatory condition causing high morbidity and mortality. Here, we report that in monocytes and macrophages of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), overutilization of glucose promotes excessive and prolonged production of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β, driving systemic and tissue inflammation. In patient-derived monocytes and macrophages, increased glucose uptake and glycolytic flux fuel the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which in turn promote dimerization of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and enable its nuclear translocation. Nuclear PKM2 functions as a protein kinase that phosphorylates the transcription factor STAT3, thus boosting IL-6 and IL-1β production. Reducing glycolysis, scavenging superoxide and enforcing PKM2 tetramerization correct the proinflammatory phenotype of CAD macrophages. In essence, PKM2 serves a previously unidentified role as a molecular integrator of metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress and tissue inflammation and represents a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rafal R Nazarewicz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Barbara B Wallis
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rolando E Yanes
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ryu Watanabe
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Marc Hilhorst
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lu Tian
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - John C Giacomini
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhang D, Fei Q, Li J, Zhang C, Sun Y, Zhu C, Wang F, Sun Y. 2-Deoxyglucose Reverses the Promoting Effect of Insulin on Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151115. [PMID: 26939025 PMCID: PMC4777557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased risk of colorectal cancer is related to the development of metabolic syndromes including hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. The high circulatory levels of glucose and/or insulin or the application of exogenous insulin may promote carcinogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis, which can be attributed to the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. We attempted to resolve these existing questions by applying the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). According to the in vitro studies we performed, the glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells could be interrupted by 2DG as it decreased the cellular productions of ATP and lactate. In addition, 2DG induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. Since insulin can stimulate the cellular uptake of hexose, including 2DG, the combination of 2DG and insulin improved the cytotoxicity of 2DG and meanwhile overcame the cancer-promoting effects of insulin. This in vitro study provided a viewpoint of 2DG as a potential therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer, especially for patients with concomitant hyperinsulinemia or treated with exogenous insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Chang J, Kwon HJ. Discovery of novel drug targets and their functions using phenotypic screening of natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:221-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural products are valuable resources that provide a variety of bioactive compounds and natural pharmacophores in modern drug discovery. Discovery of biologically active natural products and unraveling their target proteins to understand their mode of action have always been critical hurdles for their development into clinical drugs. For effective discovery and development of bioactive natural products into novel therapeutic drugs, comprehensive screening and identification of target proteins are indispensable. In this review, a systematic approach to understanding the mode of action of natural products isolated using phenotypic screening involving chemical proteomics-based target identification is introduced. This review highlights three natural products recently discovered via phenotypic screening, namely glucopiericidin A, ecumicin, and terpestacin, as representative case studies to revisit the pivotal role of natural products as powerful tools in discovering the novel functions and druggability of targets in biological systems and pathological diseases of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Chang
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Republic of Korea
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Yonsei University 120-752 Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhu M, Lu Y, Wang J, Li S, Wang X. Carbon Catabolite Repression and the Related Genes of ccpA, ptsH and hprK in Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142121. [PMID: 26540271 PMCID: PMC4634974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium, Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27, is capable of producing ethanol, hydrogen and lactic acid by directly fermenting glucan, xylan and various lignocellulosically derived sugars. By using non-metabolizable and metabolizable sugars as substrates, we found that cellobiose, galactose, arabinose and starch utilization was strongly inhibited by the existence of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). However, the xylose and mannose consumptions were not markedly affected by 2-DG at the concentration of one-tenth of the metabolizable sugar. Accordingly, T. aotearoense SCUT27 could consume xylose and mannose in the presence of glucose. The carbon catabolite repression (CCR) related genes, ccpA, ptsH and hprK were confirmed to exist in T. aotearoense SCUT27 through gene cloning and protein characterization. The highly purified Histidine-containing Protein (HPr) could be specifically phosphorylated at Serine 46 by HPr kinase/phosphatase (HPrK/P) with no need to add fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) or glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) in the reaction mixture. The specific protein-interaction of catabolite control protein A (CcpA) and phosphorylated HPr was proved via affinity chromatography in the absence of formaldehyde. The equilibrium binding constant (KD) of CcpA and HPrSerP was determined as 2.22 ± 0.36 nM by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, indicating the high affinity between these two proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Lu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney, the Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Osugi J, Yamaura T, Muto S, Okabe N, Matsumura Y, Hoshino M, Higuchi M, Suzuki H, Gotoh M. Prognostic impact of the combination of glucose transporter 1 and ATP citrate lyase in node-negative patients with non-small lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2015; 88:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
85
|
Muley P, Olinger A, Tummala H. 2-Deoxyglucose induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosisin colorectal cancer cells independent of its glycolysis inhibition. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:514-22. [PMID: 25751508 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1002626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxyglucose (2DG) is an anticancer drug with excellent safety profile. Because of its higher dose requirements, its potential is yet to translate into a monotherapy. However, recently, 2DG has been tested as an adjunct in established chemotherapeutic regimens. 2DG enhanced the potency of several chemotherapeutic agents but not all. The rationale selection of known chemotherapeutic agents to use with 2DG is hampered because of the lack of complete understanding of mechanism behind 2DG anticancer effects. Although, 2DG is a well-known glycolytic inhibitor, which inhibits the key glycolytic enzyme hexokinase, its anticancer effects cannot be fully explained by this simplistic mechanism alone. In this article, we have shown for the first time that 2DG induced a transient expression of p21 and a continuous expression of p53 in colorectal cancer cells (SW620). The treatment also caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The effects of 2DG on p21 and p53 protein levels were totally independent of its inhibitory effect on either hexokinase or ATP levels. Results from this study provides key insights into novel molecular mechanisms of 2DG and directs rational selection of other anticancer drugs to combine with 2DG in colorectal cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Muley
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Brookings , South Dakota , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Mims J, Bansal N, Bharadwaj MS, Chen X, Molina AJ, Tsang AW, Furdui CM. Energy metabolism in a matched model of radiation resistance for head and neck squamous cell cancer. Radiat Res 2015; 183:291-304. [PMID: 25738895 DOI: 10.1667/rr13828.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While radiation therapy is commonly used for treating cancer, radiation resistance can limit long-term control of the disease. In this study, we investigated the reprogramming of the energy metabolism in radiosensitive and radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using a preclinical matched model of radiation resistance. Our investigation found that radioresistant rSCC-61 cells: 1. They display increased glucose uptake and decreased fatty acid uptake; 2. They deviate from the classical Warburg effect by diverting the glycolytic flux into the pentose phosphate pathway; 3. They are more dependent on glucose than glutamine metabolism to support growth; 4. They have decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation; 5. They have enhanced fatty acid biosynthesis by increasing the expression of fatty acid synthase; and 6. They utilize endogenous fatty acids to meet the energy demands for proliferation. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase with orlistat or FASN siRNA resulted in increased cytotoxicity and sensitivity to radiation in rSCC-61 cells. These results demonstrate the potential of combination therapy using radiation and orlistat or other inhibitors of lipid and energy metabolism for treating radiation resistance in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Mims
- Sections on a Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Pineda E, Encalada R, Vázquez C, Néquiz M, Olivos-García A, Moreno-Sánchez R, Saavedra E. In vivoidentification of the steps that control energy metabolism and survival ofEntamoeba histolytica. FEBS J 2014; 282:318-31. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pineda
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; México D.F México
| | - Rusely Encalada
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; México D.F México
| | - Citlali Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; México D.F México
| | - Mario Néquiz
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - Alfonso Olivos-García
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; México D.F México
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; México D.F México
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Zhou N, Zhu S, Maharjan S, Hao Z, Song Y, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Yang B, Lu L. Elucidating the endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and exocytosis of carbon dots in neural cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
89
|
Mota S, Vieira N, Barbosa S, Delaveau T, Torchet C, Le Saux A, Garcia M, Pereira A, Lemoine S, Coulpier F, Darzacq X, Benard L, Casal M, Devaux F, Paiva S. Role of the DHH1 gene in the regulation of monocarboxylic acids transporters expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111589. [PMID: 25365506 PMCID: PMC4218774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous experiments revealed that DHH1, a RNA helicase involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation, complemented the phenotype of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant affected in the expression of genes coding for monocarboxylic-acids transporters, JEN1 and ADY2 (Paiva S, Althoff S, Casal M, Leao C. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 1999, 170:301-306). In wild type cells, JEN1 expression had been shown to be undetectable in the presence of glucose or formic acid, and induced in the presence of lactate. In this work, we show that JEN1 mRNA accumulates in a dhh1 mutant, when formic acid was used as sole carbon source. Dhh1 interacts with the decapping activator Dcp1 and with the deadenylase complex. This led to the hypothesis that JEN1 expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by Dhh1 in formic acid. Analyses of JEN1 mRNAs decay in wild-type and dhh1 mutant strains confirmed this hypothesis. In these conditions, the stabilized JEN1 mRNA was associated to polysomes but no Jen1 protein could be detected, either by measurable lactate carrier activity, Jen1-GFP fluorescence detection or western blots. These results revealed the complexity of the expression regulation of JEN1 in S. cerevisiae and evidenced the importance of DHH1 in this process. Additionally, microarray analyses of dhh1 mutant indicated that Dhh1 plays a large role in metabolic adaptation, suggesting that carbon source changes triggers a complex interplay between transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mota
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Health and Environmental Research (CISA), School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Neide Vieira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Barbosa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Thierry Delaveau
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR7238, Laboratoire de Biologie computationnelle et quantitative, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7238, Laboratoire de Biologie computationnelle et quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Claire Torchet
- CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Le Saux
- CNRS, FRE3630, Laboratoire de l’Expression Génétique Microbienne, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Garcia
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR7238, Laboratoire de Biologie computationnelle et quantitative, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7238, Laboratoire de Biologie computationnelle et quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Ana Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sophie Lemoine
- École normale supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, IBENS, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1024, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- École normale supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, IBENS, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1024, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- École normale supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, IBENS, Paris, France
- Inserm, U1024, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Benard
- CNRS, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Devaux
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR7238, Laboratoire de Biologie computationnelle et quantitative, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR7238, Laboratoire de Biologie computationnelle et quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Paiva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Wu H, Li Z, Yang P, Zhang L, Fan Y, Li Z. PKM2 depletion induces the compensation of glutaminolysis through β-catenin/c-Myc pathway in tumor cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2397-405. [PMID: 25041845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic activity in cancer cells primarily rely on aerobic glycolysis. Besides glycolysis, some tumor cells also exhibit excessive addition to glutamine, which constitutes an advantage for tumor growth. M2-type pyruvate kinase (PKM2) plays a pivotal role in sustaining aerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and serine synthesis pathway. However, the participation of PKM2 in glutaminolysis is little to be known. Here we demonstrated that PKM2 depletion could provoke glutamine metabolism by enhancing the β-catenin signaling pathway and consequently promoting its downstream c-Myc-mediated glutamine metabolism in colon cancer cells. Treatment with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), a glycolytic inhibitor, got consistent results with the above. In addition, the dimeric form of PKM2, which lacks the pyruvate kinase activities, plays a critical role in regulating β-catenin. Moreover, we found that overexpression of PKM2 negatively regulated β-catenin through miR-200a. These insights supply evidence that glutaminolysis plays a compensatory role for cell survival upon glucose metabolism impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haili Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Zhang D, Li J, Wang F, Hu J, Wang S, Sun Y. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose targeting of glucose metabolism in cancer cells as a potential therapy. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:176-83. [PMID: 25218591 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by altered glucose metabolism known as the Warburg effect in which aerobic glycolysis is increased. Glucose is converted to lactate even under sufficient oxygen tension. Interfering with this process may be a potential effective strategy to cause cancer cell death because these cells rely heavily on glucose metabolism for survival and proliferation. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), a glucose analog, targets glucose metabolism to deplete cancer cells of energy. In addition, 2DG increases oxidative stress, inhibits N-linked glycosylation, and induces autophagy. It can efficiently slow cell growth and potently facilitate apoptosis in specific cancer cells. Although 2DG itself has limited therapeutic effect in many types of cancers, it may be combined with other therapeutic agents or radiotherapy to exhibit a synergistic anticancer effect. In this review, we describe the Warburg effect and discuss 2DG and its underlying mechanisms and potential application for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic pathway utilized by human cancer cells and also by yeast cells when they ferment glucose to ethanol. Both cancer cells and yeast cells are inhibited by the presence of low concentrations of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). Genetic screens in yeast used resistance to 2-deoxyglucose to identify a small set of genes that function in regulating glucose metabolism. A recent high throughput screen for 2-deoxyglucose resistance identified a much larger set of seemingly unrelated genes. Here, we demonstrate that these newly identified genes do not in fact confer significant resistance to 2-deoxyglucose. Further, we show that the relative toxicity of 2-deoxyglucose is carbon source dependent, as is the resistance conferred by gene deletions. Snf1 kinase, the AMP-activated protein kinase of yeast, is required for 2-deoxyglucose resistance in cells growing on glucose. Mutations in the SNF1 gene that reduce kinase activity render cells hypersensitive to 2-deoxyglucose, while an activating mutation in SNF1 confers 2-deoxyglucose resistance. Snf1 kinase activated by 2-deoxyglucose does not phosphorylate the Mig1 protein, a known Snf1 substrate during glucose limitation. Thus, different stimuli elicit distinct responses from the Snf1 kinase.
Collapse
|
93
|
Urakami K, Zangiacomi V, Yamaguchi K, Kusuhara M. Impact of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the target metabolome profile of a human endometrial cancer cell line. Biomed Res 2014; 34:221-9. [PMID: 24190234 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) has been clinically evaluated for its potential use as an anticancer drug. Although 2DG is generally thought to inhibit the glycolytic pathway through accumulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate (2DG6P), it may also interfere with various other biological processes. Here, to further understand the role of 2DG as an inhibitor of tumor progression, we assessed the metabolism of 2DG in a human endometrial cancer cell line using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). A total of 113 target metabolite peaks were identified and 90 metabolites of them were quantified. Furthermore, we present a new methodology which uses CE-TOFMS metabolome profiling following introduction of an artificial metabolite to evaluate tumor-specific metabolite traces. Aside from 2DG6P, we detected the presence of unique 2DG-derived deoxy metabolites in 2DG-treated cells. These metabolites may be responsible for the alteration of global metabolism in cells and act as various biological effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Division Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Vilalta A, Brown GC. Deoxyglucose prevents neurodegeneration in culture by eliminating microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:58. [PMID: 24669778 PMCID: PMC3986974 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2-Deoxy-d-glucose is an inhibitor of glycolysis, which is protective in animal models of brain pathology, but the mechanisms of this protection are unclear. We examined whether, when and how deoxyglucose protects neurons in co-culture with astrocytes and microglia. Microglia are brain macrophages, which can damage neurons in inflammatory conditions. Methods Deoxyglucose was added to primary cultures of microglia and astrocytes from rat cortex, or neurons and glia from rat cerebellum, or the BV-2 microglial cell line, and cell death and cell functions were evaluated. Results Surprisingly, addition of deoxyglucose induced microglial loss and prevented spontaneous neuronal loss in long-term cultures of neurons and glia, while elimination of microglia by l-leucine-methyl ester prevented the deoxyglucose-induced neuroprotection. Deoxyglucose also prevented neuronal loss induced by addition of amyloid beta or disrupted neurons (culture models of Alzheimer’s disease and brain trauma respectively). However, deoxyglucose greatly increased the neuronal death induced by hypoxia. Addition of deoxyglucose to pure microglia induced necrosis and loss, preceded by rapid ATP depletion and followed by phagocytosis of the microglia. Deoxyglucose did not kill astrocytes or neurons. Conclusions We conclude that deoxyglucose causes microglial loss by ATP depletion, and this can protect neurons from neurodegeneration, except in conditions of hypoxia. Deoxyglucose may thus be beneficial in brain pathologies mediated by microglia, including brain trauma, but not where hypoxia is involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
He X, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang W, Dai Y, Yan Q. Nuclear modifier MTO2 modulates the aminoglycoside-sensitivity of mitochondrial 15S rRNA C1477G mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81490. [PMID: 24339937 PMCID: PMC3858254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic manifestations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are modulated by mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, nuclear modifier genes and environmental factors. The yeast mitochondrial 15S rRNA C1477G (PR or PR454) mutation corresponds to the human 12S rRNA C1494T and A1555G mutations, which are well known as primary factors for aminoglycoside-induced nonsyndromic deafness. Here we report that the deletion of the nuclear modifier gene MTO2 suppressed the aminoglycoside-sensitivity of mitochondrial 15S rRNA C1477G mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the strain with a single mtDNA C1477G mutation exhibited hypersensitivity to neomycin. Functional assays indicated that the steady-state transcription level of mitochondrial DNA, the mitochondrial respiratory rate, and the membrane potential decreased significantly after neomycin treatment. The impaired mitochondria could not produce sufficient energy to maintain cell viability. Second, when the mto2 null and the mitochondrial C1477G mutations co-existed (mto2(PR)), the oxygen consumption rate in the double mutant decreased markedly compared to that of the control strains (MTO2(PS), mto2(PS) and MTO2(PR)). The expression levels of the key glycolytic genes HXK2, PFK1 and PYK1 in the mto2(PR) strain were stimulated by neomycin and up-regulated by 89%, 112% and 55%, respectively. The enhanced glycolysis compensated for the respiratory energy deficits, and could be inhibited by the glycolytic enzyme inhibitor. Our findings in yeast will provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of human deafness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu He
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuexiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Dai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
The LKB1 tumor suppressor differentially affects anchorage independent growth of HPV positive cervical cancer cell lines. Virology 2013; 446:9-16. [PMID: 24074562 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses is causally linked to cervical carcinogenesis. However, most lesions caused by high-risk HPV infections do not progress to cancer. Host cell mutations contribute to malignant progression but the molecular nature of such mutations is unknown. Based on a previous study that reported an association between liver kinase B1 (LKB1) tumor suppressor loss and poor outcome in cervical cancer, we sought to determine the molecular basis for this observation. LKB1-negative cervical and lung cancer cells were reconstituted with wild type or kinase defective LKB1 mutants and we examined the importance of LKB1 catalytic activity in known LKB1-regulated processes including inhibition of cell proliferation and elevated resistance to energy stress. Our studies revealed marked differences in the biological activities of two kinase defective LKB1 mutants in the various cell lines. Thus, our results suggest that LKB1 may be a cell-type specific tumor suppressor.
Collapse
|
97
|
Hand LE, Saer BRC, Hui ST, Jinnah HA, Steinlechner S, Loudon ASI, Bechtold DA. Induction of the metabolic regulator Txnip in fasting-induced and natural torpor. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2081-91. [PMID: 23584857 PMCID: PMC3740491 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Torpor is a physiological state characterized by controlled lowering of metabolic rate and core body temperature, allowing substantial energy savings during periods of reduced food availability or harsh environmental conditions. The hypothalamus coordinates energy homeostasis and thermoregulation and plays a key role in directing torpor. We recently showed that mice lacking the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr50 readily enter torpor in response to fasting and have now used these mice to conduct a microarray analysis of hypothalamic gene expression changes related to the torpor state. This revealed a strong induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in the hypothalamus of torpid mice, which was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. In situ hybridization identified the ependyma lining the third ventricle as the principal site of torpor-related expression of Txnip. To characterize further the relationship between Txnip and torpor, we profiled Txnip expression in mice during prolonged fasting, cold exposure, and 2-deoxyglucose-induced hypometabolism, as well as in naturally occurring torpor bouts in the Siberian hamster. Strikingly, pronounced up-regulation of Txnip expression was only observed in wild-type mice when driven into torpor and during torpor in the Siberian hamster. Increase of Txnip was not limited to the hypothalamus, with exaggerated expression in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and liver also demonstrated in torpid mice. Given the recent identification of Txnip as a molecular nutrient sensor important in the regulation of energy metabolism, our data suggest that elevated Txnip expression is critical to regulating energy expenditure and fuel use during the extreme hypometabolic state of torpor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hand
- Faculty of Life Sciences, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Levesley J, Steele L, Taylor C, Sinha P, Lawler SE. ABT-263 enhances sensitivity to metformin and 2-deoxyglucose in pediatric glioma by promoting apoptotic cell death. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64051. [PMID: 23691145 PMCID: PMC3656874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high grade glioma is refractory to conventional multimodal treatment, highlighting a need to develop novel efficacious therapies. We investigated tumor metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in a panel of diverse pediatric glioma cell lines (SF188, KNS42, UW479 and RES186) using metformin and 2-deoxyglucose. As a single agent, metformin had little effect on cell viability overall. SF188 cells were highly sensitive to 2-deoxyglucose however, combination of metformin with 2-deoxyglucose significantly reduced cell proliferation compared to either drug alone in all cell lines tested. In addition, the combination of the two agents was associated with a rapid decrease in cellular ATP and subsequent AMPK activation. However, increased cell death was only observed in select cell lines after prolonged exposure to the drug combination and was caspase independent. Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins have been indicated as mediators of resistance against metabolic stress. Therefore we sought to determine whether pharmacological inhibition of BCL-2/BCL-xL with ABT-263 could potentiate apoptosis in response to these agents. We found that ABT-263 increased sensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose and promoted rapid and extensive cell death in response to the combination of 2-deoxyglucose and metformin. Furthermore, cell death was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK suggesting that ABT-263 potentiated caspase-dependent cell death in response to 2-deoxyglucose or its combination with metformin. Overall, these data provide support for the concept that targeting metabolic and anti-apoptotic pathways may be an effective therapeutic strategy in pediatric glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Levesley
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JL); (SL)
| | - Lynette Steele
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Taylor
- Genomics Facility, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Priyank Sinha
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JL); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Abstract
Single-cell level measurements are necessary to characterize the intrinsic biological variability in a population of cells. In this study, we demonstrate that, with the microarrays for mass spectrometry platform, we are able to observe this variability. We monitor environmentally (2-deoxy-D-glucose) and genetically (ΔPFK2) perturbed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells at the single-cell, few-cell, and population levels. Correlation plots between metabolites from the glycolytic pathway, as well as with the observed ATP/ADP ratio as a measure of cellular energy charge, give biological insight that is not accessible from population-level metabolomic data.
Collapse
|
100
|
Azad CS, Saxena AK. One pot conversion of carbohydrates alcohol into chloride via benzotriazole sulfonate. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|