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Chen S, Li Y, Fan Z, Liu F, Liu H, Wang L, Wu H. Soil bacterial community dynamics following bioaugmentation with Paenarthrobacter sp. W11 in atrazine-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:130976. [PMID: 34089999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides, however it and its metabolites cause widespread contamination in soil and ground water. Bioaugmentation is an effective method for remediation of environmental organic pollutants. High-throughput sequencing provides an important tool for understanding the changes of microbial community and function in response to pollutants degradation based on bioaugmentation. In this study, the effect of biodegradation with Paenarthrobacter sp. W11 and the change of microbial community during atrazine degradation were investigated. The results showed that bioaugmentation significantly accelerated the degradation rate of atrazine in soil and reduced the toxic effect of atrazine residues on wheat growth. The extra available NH4+ through atrazine mineralization could serve as a nitrogen source to increase microbial numbers. High-throughput sequencing further revealed that the microbial community restored a new balance. The function of microbial community predicted by PICRUSt2 suggested that the biodegradation process of atrazine affected not only the atrazine degradation pathway, but also the nitrogen metabolism pathway. Methylobacillus and Pseudomonas were considered as the most important indigenous atrazine-degrading microorganisms, because their relative abundances were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Paenarthrobacter and atrazine degradation pathway. This study provides insight into the cooperation between indigenous microorganisms and external inoculums on atrazine degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaimin Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zuowei Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Shengtai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
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52
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Jing X, Li Q, Qiao X, Chen J, Cai X. Effects of accumulated straw residues on sorption of pesticides and antibiotics in soils with maize straw return. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126213. [PMID: 34111743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Outspread straw return practice leads to accumulation of structurally diverse organic materials in soils, including raw straw and straw residues. This practice provides a supplementary source of organic sorbents for compounds released into soils. However, effects of accumulated straw materials on sorption of compounds in soils remain poorly understood. Here we report that straw materials accumulated in soils display changing chemical structure and properties during decomposition, the majority of which distribute in exponential growth or decay manners with decomposition extents of materials. Sorption of straw materials toward 40 commonly used pesticides and antibiotics takes a compromise of decreasing crystalline index and increasing water absorption capacity of the sorbent materials during decomposition. This tradeoff in sorption leads to case-specific sorption trends of organic compounds in soils with straw return practice, following a composite linear sorption model of mixed soils and straw materials. The predictive model shows that relatively hydrophobic, hydrogen bond acceptor-rich chemicals (about 22.5% of the 40 compounds) display decreasing sorption capacity in organic matter-rich and/or relatively acidic soils with straw return. This finding may contradict the notion that crop straw return usually increases sorption and decreases leaching of compounds in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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53
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McAfee A, Milone JP, Metz B, McDermott E, Foster LJ, Tarpy DR. Honey bee queen health is unaffected by contact exposure to pesticides commonly found in beeswax. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15151. [PMID: 34312437 PMCID: PMC8313582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bee queen health is crucial for colony health and productivity, and pesticides have been previously associated with queen loss and premature supersedure. Prior research has investigated the effects of indirect pesticide exposure on queens via workers, as well as direct effects on queens during development. However, as adults, queens are in constant contact with wax as they walk on comb and lay eggs; therefore, direct pesticide contact with adult queens is a relevant but seldom investigated exposure route. Here, we conducted laboratory and field experiments to investigate the impacts of topical pesticide exposure on adult queens. We tested six pesticides commonly found in wax: coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, atrazine, 2,4-DMPF, chlorpyriphos, chlorothalonil, and a cocktail of all six, each administered at 1, 4, 8, 16, and 32 times the concentrations typically found in wax. We found no effect of any treatment on queen mass, sperm viability, or fat body protein expression. In a field trial testing queen topical exposure of a pesticide cocktail, we found no impact on egg-laying pattern, queen mass, emergence mass of daughter workers, and no proteins in the spermathecal fluid were differentially expressed. These experiments consistently show that pesticides commonly found in wax have no direct impact on queen performance, reproduction, or quality metrics at the doses tested. We suggest that previously reported associations between high levels of pesticide residues in wax and queen failure are most likely driven by indirect effects of worker exposure (either through wax or other hive products) on queen care or queen perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McAfee
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Joseph P Milone
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Bradley Metz
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Erin McDermott
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - David R Tarpy
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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54
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Xu Y, DU Z, Liu J, Su H, Ning F, Cui S, Wang L, Liu J, Ren C, DI S, Bai X. Male heterogametic sex determination in Rana dybowskii based on sex-linked molecular markers. Integr Zool 2021; 17:105-114. [PMID: 34254736 PMCID: PMC9290989 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanism for sex determination in amphibians is challenging. Very little is known about sex determination mechanisms of Rana dybowskii, a species of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology. We screened for sex‐linked molecular markers in R. dybowskii in China using target region amplification polymorphism with 2 fixed primers against the sequences of Dmrt1. We found 2 male‐linked molecular markers in R. dybowskii, which were 222 bp and 261 bp long. The detection rates of 222 bp marker in males form Xinglong, Huadian, and Dandong were 93.79%, 69.64%, and 13.64%, respectively, while the rate in females from Huadian was 27.50%. Besides, the detection rates of 261 bp marker in the above 3 regions were only observed in males at the rate of 93.79%, 87.50%, and 32.73%, respectively. The inheritance patterns of sex‐linked molecular markers showed that the 2 sex‐linked molecular markers were heterozygous. Compared to the XY‐male parent, progeny from XX‐pseudo‐male parent possessed lower sex reversal ratio at the same rearing temperature, and the proportion of female froglets from an XX‐pseudo‐male parent was more than 95% at low rearing temperature (15°C). Our findings suggest that R. dybowskii displays male heterogamety, and the 2 sex‐linked molecular markers may have a guiding significance for the protection and utilization of R. dybowskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiheng DU
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hang Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangyong Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiquan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- College of Agricultural, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Yili Animal Science Research Institute, Yining, China
| | - Chuanshuai Ren
- Animal Husbandry Administration of Huadian, Huadian, China
| | - Shengwei DI
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujuan Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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55
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Supe Tulcan RX, Ouyang W, Gu X, Lin C, Tysklind M, Wang B. Typical herbicide residues, trophic transfer, bioconcentration, and health risk of marine organisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106500. [PMID: 33714869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine, a potent herbicide for weeds removal during the growing season, has been widely used in China. It is known to be distributed in aquatic ecosystems with a long half-life, thus presenting a potential risk to species and consumers. This study analyzed the concentrations of degraded atrazine residues in marine organisms (N = 129) including 3 species of mollusks, 2 species of crustaceans, and 15 species of fish from a semi-enclosed bay, Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), adjacent to the Northwest Pacific Ocean in China. The corresponding trophic magnification factors (TMF), bioaccumulation factors (BCFs), and subsequent risks to final consumers were also determined. The results showed an average atrazine concentration of (0.301 ± 0.03) ng g-1 and (0.305 ± 0.04) ng g-1 in fish and invertebrates, respectively. The BCFs were (5.23 ± 1.75) L kg-1 and (5.81 ± 1.31) L kg-1 for fish and invertebrates, respectively. Atrazine was significantly bio-diluted in JZB through the sampled marine organisms with increasing trophic levels, with a TMF value below 1 (P < 0.01). An analysis of the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) predicted that<0.02% of species were exposed to a dissolved concentration of atrazine (57.88 ng L-1) that would lead to detrimental effects, while risk quotients predicted low long-term risks for species in the bay. Finally, people with a diet limited to species from JZB were found to face no associated health risk due to a significantly small daily intake and target hazard quotient of atrazine. The corresponding non-carcinogenic effect showed no significant risk from seafood consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Xavier Supe Tulcan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Baodong Wang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
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56
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Karlsson O, Svanholm S, Eriksson A, Chidiac J, Eriksson J, Jernerén F, Berg C. Pesticide-induced multigenerational effects on amphibian reproduction and metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145771. [PMID: 33621874 PMCID: PMC7615066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Underlying drivers of species extinctions need to be better understood for effective conservation of biodiversity. Nearly half of all amphibian species are at risk of extinction, and pollution may be a significant threat as seasonal high-level agrochemical use overlaps with critical windows of larval development. The potential of environmental chemicals to reduce the fitness of future generations may have profound ecological and evolutionary implications. This study characterized effects of male developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the anti-androgenic pesticide linuron over two generations of offspring in Xenopus tropicalis frogs. The adult male offspring of pesticide-exposed fathers (F1) showed reduced body size, decreased fertility, and signs of endocrine system disruption. Impacts were further propagated to the grand-offspring (F2), providing evidence of transgenerational effects in amphibians. The adult F2 males demonstrated increased weight and fat body palmitoleic-to-palmitic acid ratio, and decreased plasma glucose levels. The study provides important cross-species evidence of paternal epigenetic inheritance and pollutant-induced transgenerational toxicity, supporting a causal and complex role of environmental contamination in the ongoing species extinctions, particularly of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden.
| | - Sofie Svanholm
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph Chidiac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Eriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Jernerén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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57
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Rohr JR. The Atrazine Saga and its Importance to the Future of Toxicology, Science, and Environmental and Human Health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1544-1558. [PMID: 33999476 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly used, well studied, and controversial pesticides on the planet. Much of the controversy involves the effects of atrazine on wildlife, particularly amphibians, and the ethically questionable decision making of members of industry, government, the legal system, and institutions of higher education, in most cases in an effort to "bend science," defined as manipulating research to advance economic, political, or ideological ends. In this Critical Perspective I provide a timeline of the most salient events in the history of the atrazine saga, which includes a multimillion-dollar smear campaign, lawsuits, investigative reporting, accusation of impropriety against the US Environmental Protection Agency, and a multibillion-dollar transaction. I argue that the atrazine controversy must be more than just a true story of cover-ups, bias, and vengeance. It must be used as an example of how manufacturing uncertainty and bending science can be exploited to delay undesired regulatory decisions and how greed and conflicts of interest-situations where personal or organizational considerations have compromised or biased professional judgment and objectivity-can affect environmental and public health and erode trust in the discipline of toxicology, science in general, and the honorable functioning of societies. Most importantly, I offer several recommendations that should help to 1) prevent the history of atrazine from repeating itself, 2) enhance the credibility and integrity of science, and 3) enrich human and environmental health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1544-1558. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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58
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Fan L, Liang G, Zhang C, Fan L, Yan W, Guo Y, Shuang S, Bi Y, Li F, Dong C. Visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical sensing platform based on BiOI nanoflowers/TiO 2 nanotubes for detection of atrazine in environmental samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124894. [PMID: 33412470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform was developed based on BiOI nanoflowers/TiO2 nanotubes (BiOI NFs/TiO2 NTs) for detection of atrazine (ATZ). The BiOI NFs/TiO2 NTs p-n heterojunctions synthesized by decorating BiOI NFs on TiO2 NTs via simple hydrothermal approach exhibit strong visible-light absorption ability, high photocurrent response and PEC activity. Thus BiOI NFs/TiO2 NTs heterostructures were first explored to act as the photoelectrode for the immobilization of the anti-ATZ aptamer to develop a PEC sensing platform. The design PEC aptasensing platform exhibits prominent analytical performance for determination of ATZ with a low detection limit of 0.5 pM under visible-light irradiation, and displays good selectivity for ATZ in the control experiments. The superior behavior of the sensing platform could be ascribed to the design of the appropriate sensing material with tubular microstructure, excellent PEC response of the photoelectrode, and the large loading amount of aptamer. Meanwhile, the PEC sensing platform was used to determine ATZ in environmental samples and a satisfied result was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Guifang Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Institute of Coal Chemistry, CAS, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yingpu Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Babalola OO, Truter JC, Archer E, van Wyk JH. Exposure Impacts of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of a Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide Formulation on Larval Development and Thyroid Histology of Xenopus laevis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:717-725. [PMID: 32948887 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play critical roles in body growth and development as well as reproduction. They also influence the activities of a wider variety of tissues and biological functions, such as osmoregulation, metabolism, and especially metamorphosis in organisms, such as frogs. These complex activities of thyroid hormones are prone to disruption by agricultural pesticides, often leading to modulation of growth and the reproductive system in particular. These substances include Glufosinate ammonium, Glyphosates, Imazapyr, Penoxsulam, and Diquat dibromide among other herbicides. In this study, the standardized Xenopus Metamorphosis Assay protocol was used to assess the potential thyroid-modulatory properties of the Glufosinate ammonium Basta formulation, at relevant environmental concentrations (0.05 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L, and 0.25 mg/L) for 21 days. The results showed that this formulation only reduced the hind-limb length among the morphological endpoints. Histological evaluation showed that the mean thyroid gland area and the mean thyroidal follicle epithelium height were significantly increased following 0.15 and 0.25 mg/L exposures. The present study confirmed that this Basta formulation interacts with the thyroid axis and therefore potentially pose health hazard to amphibian in particular and potentially metamorphic aquatic vertebrates. Furthermore, the result is a signal of inherent potential thyroid disrupting activities that must be further investigated and characterised in some of the aquatic herbicide formulations to safeguard the aquatic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun O Babalola
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- Zoology and Environmental Biology, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - J Christoff Truter
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Edward Archer
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johannes H van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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60
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Babalola OO, van Wyk HJ. Exposure Impacts of Diquat dibromide herbicide formulation on amphibian larval development. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06700. [PMID: 33912705 PMCID: PMC8066383 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anthropogenic chemicals in general, and specifically aquatic herbicide formulations have the potential to modulate the thyroid pathways of the endocrine system of aquatic organisms, because they are normally applied directly into the aquatic system, to manage aquatic weeds. These thyroidal effects have been widely linked with disruption in developmental and reproductive processes. In fact, the exposure impacts of many of these substances on metamorphic organisms could produce a precocious metamorphosis. Using Xenopus Metamorphosis Assay (XEMA) protocol, this study assessed the thyroidal effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of Diquat dibromide at 0.05, 0.11, and 0.14 mg/L on Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. The formulation significantly reduced both the fore and hind limb lengths, and disrupted the developmental stage at concentrations of 0.11 and 0.14 mg/L, with a median at NF-stage 57, while median of NF-stage 60 was recorded in the control. Histopathologically, although there was no significant difference in thyroid gland area, the thyroid colloidal area was significantly reduced at 0.14 mg/L, while the mean height of the thyroid follicle increased at 0.05 mg/L The result indicates an extra-thyroidal pathway, due to the dissociation between stage developmental effects and thyroid histopathology. The role of stress pathway occasioned by oxidative mode of action, involving lipid peroxidation and cell damage observed in this study need further investigation, in order to further characterize the physiological and ecological effects on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Olusegun Babalola
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Ecotoxicology & Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
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61
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Goldberg RF, Vandenberg LN. The science of spin: targeted strategies to manufacture doubt with detrimental effects on environmental and public health. Environ Health 2021; 20:33. [PMID: 33771171 PMCID: PMC7996119 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous groups, such as the tobacco industry, have deliberately altered and misrepresented knowable facts and empirical evidence to promote an agenda, often for monetary benefit, with consequences for environmental and public health. Previous research has explored cases individually, but none have conducted an in-depth comparison between cases. The purpose of this study was to compile a comprehensive list of tactics used by disparate groups and provide a framework for identifying further instances of manufactured doubt. METHODS We examined scholarly books, peer-reviewed articles, well-researched journalism pieces, and legal evidence related to five disparate industries and organizations selected for their destructive impacts on environmental and public health (tobacco, coal, and sugar industries, manufacturers of the pesticide Atrazine, and the Marshall Institute, an institute focused on climate change research, and other scientists from the era that associated with those in the Institute). These documents provided evidence for a list of tactics used to generate pro-industry spin and manufacture doubt about conferred harm. We then identified trends among sets of strategies that could explain their differential use or efficacy. RESULTS We recognized 28 unique tactics used to manufacture doubt. Five of these tactics were used by all five organizations, suggesting that they are key features of manufactured doubt. The intended audience influences the strategy used to misinform, and logical fallacies contribute to their efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This list of tactics can be used by others to build a case that an industry or group is deliberately manipulating information associated with their actions or products. Improved scientific and rhetorical literacy could be used to render them less effective, depending on the audience targeted, and ultimately allow for the protection of both environmental health and public health more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F. Goldberg
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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Atrazine impairs testicular function in BalB/c mice by affecting Leydig cells. Toxicology 2021; 455:152761. [PMID: 33766575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the effects of atrazine on the gonads of many experimental models. However, the short-term effects of in vivo exposure to atrazine on the testes of mice are not well clarified. Here we reported that adult BalB/c mice exposed to atrazine (50 mg kg-1 body weight) by gavage for three consecutive days have reduced numbers of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase positive Leydig cells (LCs), associated with increased in situ cell death fluorescence and caspase-3 immuno-expression in the testes. Consequently, immunostaining for cell cycle gene regulators showed increased expressions of p45, accompanied with increased expressions of cyclin D2 and E2. Histological observations of the gonads showed reduced number of germ cells in particular areas, sloughed seminiferous epithelium, presence of giant apoptotic cells close to the seminiferous tubule lumen and in the epididymal lumen along with low numbers of Leydig cells in the testicular interstitial areas. Similarly, LCs isolated from the testes of BalB/c mice that were exposed to atrazine (0.5, 25, 50 mg kg-1 body weight) in the same manner as in the first experiment presented dose-dependent increased caspase-3 activity, decreased cell viability, intratesticular and serum testosterone concentrations and LCs testosterone secretion. In summary, atrazine appears to directly decrease the number of testosterone secreting LCs in mice through apoptosis.
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Adams E, Leeb C, Brühl CA. Pesticide exposure affects reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in a viticultural landscape. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:213-223. [PMID: 33471271 PMCID: PMC7902574 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian populations are declining worldwide at alarming rates. Among the large variety of contributing stressors, chemical pollutants like pesticides have been identified as a major factor for this decline. Besides direct effects on aquatic and terrestrial amphibian stages, sublethal effects like impairments in reproduction can affect a population. Therefore, we investigated the reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in the pesticide-intensive viticultural landscape of Palatinate in Southwest Germany along a pesticide gradient. In a semi-field study, we captured reproductively active common toad pairs of five breeding ponds with different pesticide contamination level and kept them in a net cage until spawning. Toads from more contaminated ponds showed an increased fecundity (more eggs) but decreased fertilization rates (fewer hatching tadpoles) as well as lower survival rates and reduced size in Gosner stage 25, suggesting that the higher exposed populations suffer from long-term reproductive impairments. In combination with acute toxicity effects, the detected sublethal effects, which are mostly not addressed in the ecological risk assessment of pesticides, pose a serious threat on amphibian populations in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adams
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leeb
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
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Rezende WR, Santos LRDS, Franco-Belussi L, De Oliveira C. Testicular morphometric changes in neotropical anurans from agroecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116265. [PMID: 33385891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the causes of the global decline of amphibians is agricultural activity, responsible for causing habitat fragmentation and bringing a range of agrochemicals and fertilizers in the environment, compounds with a potential disrupting effect on non-target organisms, such as frogs. Exposure to these compounds has numerous harmful effects on the testes of these animals, which can compromise reproduction and, consequently, the maintenance of their communities. In this context, we compared the morphology and morphometry of the testes of three species of neotropical anurans (Physalaemus cuvieri, Dendropsophus minutus, and Boana albopunctata) from an agricultural area and a conservation unit. Histologically, the testicular morphology of the species was similar for both environments; however, morphometrically, there was a difference in the measured testicular parameters (locular area and area of spermatogenic cysts). Physalaemus cuvieri presented higher averages of locular and spermatogonial area in the agricultural environment, whereas the area occupied by the spermatozoa was smaller. Additionally, the testicular pigmentation, which is only present in this species, was greater in animal from the agricultural area. In D. minutus, the locular, spermatogonial, and sperm areas showed lower values in the agricultural area, whereas in B. albopunctata, the opposite pattern was found, with the area of the locule, spermatocytes, and spermatozoids being higher. Agricultural activities influence the testicular metric parameters in different species, and our results suggest that D. minutus is most sensitive to anthropic pressures. The least sensitive species is B. albopunctata. We highlight the importance of evaluating different species, since each species responds differently to agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadson Rodrigues Rezende
- Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus São José do Rio Preto (IBILCE/UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal (EcotoxSA) Instituto Federal Goiano Campus Rio Verde- GO (IF Goiano), Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Instituto de Biociências - INBIO, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus São José do Rio Preto (IBILCE/UNESP), Brazil
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Torquetti CG, Guimarães ATB, Soto-Blanco B. Exposure to pesticides in bats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142509. [PMID: 33032135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bats provide a variety of ecological services that are essential to the integrity of ecosystems. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has been a threat to biodiversity, and the exposure of bats to these xenobiotics is a threat to their populations. This study presents a review of articles regarding the exposure of bats to pesticides published in the period from January 1951 to July 2020, addressing the temporal and geographical distribution of research, the studied species, and the most studied classes of pesticides. The research was concentrated in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the USA. Of the total species in the world, only 5% of them have been studied, evaluating predominantly insectivorous species of the Family Vespertilionidae. Insecticides, mainly organochlorines, were the most studied pesticides. Most research was observational, with little information available on the effects of pesticides on natural bat populations. Despite the advances in analytical techniques for detecting contaminants, the number of studies is still insufficient compared to the number of active ingredients used. The effects of pesticides on other guilds and tropical species remain poorly studied. Future research should investigate the effects of pesticides, especially in sublethal doses causing chronic exposure. It is crucial to assess the impact of these substances on other food guilds and investigate how natural populations respond to the exposure to mixtures of pesticides found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guimarães Torquetti
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigações Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Cascavel, PR 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil.
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Venkidasamy B, Subramanian U, Samynathan R, Rajakumar G, Shariati MA, Chung IM, Thiruvengadam M. Organopesticides and fertility: where does the link lead to? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6289-6301. [PMID: 33387319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organopesticides (OPs) are a group of various synthetic chemicals prevalently used in agriculture and homestead plantations. OPs were originally developed to remove insects, weeds, and other pests from agricultural fields for improving crop yields. Modern pesticides including organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, and amido-formyl ester are closely related to our lives. Many people are exposed to various OPs during farming practice. OPs can cause adverse effects and provoke serious impacts on normal reproductive functions of humans, resulting in loss of fertility. The effects of OPs in the reproductive system include association with fluctuation in the levels of sex hormones, delayed menstrual cycle, ovarian dysfunction, alteration in ovary weight, changes of follicle growth, altered oocyte feasibility, and changed the quality of spermatogenesis. Current literature clearly states that exposure to various OPs can impair the fertility of women and cause a high risk of reproductive potential. However, investigations on OPs exposure to woman fertility remain scarce. This review highlights effects of exposure to OPs on the fertility of occupational women and mechanisms of action involved in such effects on the reproductive function of women along with their related impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641062, India
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600051, India
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641062, India
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia, 109004
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Usal M, Veyrenc S, Darracq-Ghitalla-Ciock M, Regnault C, Sroda S, Fini JB, Canlet C, Tremblay-Franco M, Raveton M, Reynaud S. Transgenerational metabolic disorders and reproduction defects induced by benzo[a]pyrene in Xenopus tropicalis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116109. [PMID: 33234375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors (ED) may contribute to amphibian population declines but no transgenerational studies have evaluated this hypothesis. Here we show that Xenopus tropicalis, exposed from the tadpole stage, to the ED benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 50 ng.L-1) produced F2 progeny with delayed metamorphosis and sexual maturity. At the adult stage, F2-BaP females displayed fatty liver with inflammation, tissue disorganization and metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures typical of nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). This phenotype, similar to that observed in F0 and F1 females, was accompanied by a pancreatic insulin secretory defect. Metabolic disrupted F2-BaP females laid eggs with metabolite contents significantly different from the control and these eggs did not produce viable progeny. This study demonstrated that an ED can induce transgenerational disruption of metabolism and population collapse in amphibians under laboratory conditions. These results show that ED benzo[a]pyrene can impact metabolism over multiple generations and support epidemiological studies implicating environmental EDs in metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Usal
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvie Veyrenc
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Christophe Regnault
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sophie Sroda
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation Du Vivant, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027, Toulouse, France.
| | - Muriel Raveton
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Herek JS, Vargas L, Rinas Trindade SA, Rutkoski CF, Macagnan N, Hartmann PA, Hartmann MT. Genotoxic effects of glyphosate on Physalaemus tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103516. [PMID: 33080355 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity studies have revealed that pesticides bind to genetic material in non-target vertebrates, thereby impairing the genetic integrity of these animals. The main objective of this study was to determine the genotoxic damage in erythrocytes of two native South American amphibian Physalaemus cuvieri and Physalaemus gracilis, both species exposed to a glyphosate-based herbicide. We evaluated the presence of micronuclei (MN) and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) as biomarkers for potential genotoxic compounds. Tadpoles were exposed to doses permitted by Brazilian legislation and concentrations found naturally in Brazilian and Argentinian waters (500, 700 and 1000 μg/L). Glyphosate-based herbicide caused micronuclei formation and several types of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in both Physalaemus species. The total frequency of MN and ENA demonstrated the occurrence of cell damage at all tested concentrations. Glyphosate herbicide can be considered a genotoxic that may impact the genetic integrity of native populations of P. cuvieri and P. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Samara Herek
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil, ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Vargas
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil, ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Suélen Andressa Rinas Trindade
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil, ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila Fatima Rutkoski
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil, ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natani Macagnan
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil, ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Afonso Hartmann
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil, ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Teresinha Hartmann
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, Brazil, ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
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69
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Marshall MM, McCluney KE. Mixtures of co-occurring chemicals in freshwater systems across the continental US. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115793. [PMID: 33069045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace chemicals are common in marine and freshwater ecosystems globally. It is recognized that in the environment, individual chemicals are rarely found in isolation. Insufficient work has examined which chemicals co-occur and which methods best identify these mixtures. Using an existing data set, we found evidence that simple correlation analysis is better at identifying mixtures of commonly co-occurring trace chemicals than more commonly used PCA methods. Moreover, simple correlation analysis, unlike PCA, can be used in cases with unbalanced designs and with data points below reportable limits. Application of this approach allowed identification of 10 groups of chemicals commonly found together in freshwaters of the continental US, representing common "chemical syndromes." Better identification of co-occurring chemical combinations could aid in our understanding of biological and ecological effects of aquatic contaminants. This research provides evidence of correlation analyses as a more effective method for identifying commonly co-occurring aquatic contaminants. We also examined the patterns of these mixtures with a dataset consisting of concentrations of 406 trace chemicals from 38 sample locations across the continental US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Marshall
- Wright State University - Lake Campus, Celina, OH, 45822, United States; Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43402, United States.
| | - Kevin E McCluney
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43402, United States
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70
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Horak I, Horn S, Pieters R. Agrochemicals in freshwater systems and their potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals: A South African context. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115718. [PMID: 33035912 PMCID: PMC7513804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
South Africa is the largest agrochemical user in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 3000 registered pesticide products. Although they reduce crop losses, these chemicals reach non-target aquatic environments via leaching, spray drift or run-off. In this review, attention is paid to legacy and current-use pesticides reported in literature for the freshwater environment of South Africa and to the extent these are linked to endocrine disruption. Although banned, residues of many legacy organochlorine pesticides (endosulfan and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) are still detected in South African watercourses and wildlife. Several current-use pesticides (triazine herbicides, glyphosate-based herbicides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and chlorpyrifos) have also been reported. Agrochemicals can interfere with normal hormone function of non-target organism leading to various endocrine disrupting (ED) effects: intersex, reduced spermatogenesis, asymmetric urogenital papillae, testicular lesions and infertile eggs. Although studies investigating the occurrence of agrochemicals and/or ED effects in freshwater aquatic environments in South Africa have increased, few studies determined both the levels of agricultural pesticides present and associated ED effects. The majority of studies conducted are either laboratory-based employing in vitro or in vivo bioassays to determine ED effects of agrochemicals or studies that investigate environmental concentrations of pesticides. However, a combined approach of bioassays and chemical screening will provide a more comprehensive overview of agrochemical pollution of water systems in South Africa and the risks associated with long-term chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzé Horak
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Suranie Horn
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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71
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Gao J, Shen W. Xenopus in revealing developmental toxicity and modeling human diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115809. [PMID: 33096388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Xenopus model offers many advantages for investigation of the molecular, cellular, and behavioral mechanisms underlying embryo development. Moreover, Xenopus oocytes and embryos have been extensively used to study developmental toxicity and human diseases in response to various environmental chemicals. This review first summarizes recent advances in using Xenopus as a vertebrate model to study distinct types of tissue/organ development following exposure to environmental toxicants, chemical reagents, and pharmaceutical drugs. Then, the successful use of Xenopus as a model for diseases, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, autism, epilepsy, and cardiovascular disease, is reviewed. The potential application of Xenopus in genetic and chemical screening to protect against embryo deficits induced by chemical toxicants and related diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China; College of Life and Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wanhua Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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72
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Tavalieri YE, Galoppo GH, Canesini G, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro MM. Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110918. [PMID: 32619582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides represent a significant class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to which non-target organisms around the world are constantly exposed. Laboratory studies have found strong evidence showing the endocrine-disruptive potential of these pesticides at environmentally relevant exposure levels. Since the field of endocrine disruption continues to grow in richness and complexity, this review aims to provide an update on the effects of two agricultural pesticides that act as EDCs: atrazine and endosulfan. We will focus mainly on the effects on crocodilians due to their worldwide occurrence in tropical and sub-tropical wetland ecosystems and their ecological and physiological features, which render them vulnerable to exposure to pesticides with endocrine-disrupting action at all life stages. The results here reviewed provide important insights into the effects of hormonally active agricultural pesticides at cellular, tissue, and organ levels in the reproductive system of crocodiles. A better understanding of the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of EDCs on the reproductive system of crocodilians will contribute to protect and improve the health of both wildlife species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Tavalieri
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G H Galoppo
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Canesini
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E H Luque
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M M Muñoz-de-Toro
- Laboratorio de EcoFisioPatología, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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73
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Vandenberg LN, Najmi A, Mogus JP. Agrochemicals with estrogenic endocrine disrupting properties: Lessons Learned? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110860. [PMID: 32407980 PMCID: PMC9448509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many agrochemicals have endocrine disrupting properties. A subset of these chemicals is characterized as "estrogenic". In this review, we describe several distinct ways that chemicals used in crop production can affect estrogen signaling. Using three agrochemicals as examples (DDT, endosulfan, and atrazine), we illustrate how screening tests such as the US EPA's EDSP Tier 1 assays can be used as a first-pass approach to evaluate agrochemicals for endocrine activity. We then apply the "Key Characteristics" approach to illustrate how chemicals like DDT can be evaluated, together with the World Health Organization's definition of an endocrine disruptor, to identify data gaps. We conclude by describing important issues that must be addressed in the evaluation and regulation of hormonally active agrochemicals including mixture effects, efforts to reduce vertebrate animal use, chemical prioritization, and improvements in hazard, exposure, and risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
| | - Aimal Najmi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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Harper AP, Finger BJ, Green MP. Chronic Atrazine Exposure Beginning Prenatally Impacts Liver Function and Sperm Concentration With Multi-Generational Consequences in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:580124. [PMID: 33324343 PMCID: PMC7726345 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.580124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrazine is a commonly used herbicide frequently detected in waterways and drinking water around the world. Worryingly, atrazine is an endocrine and metabolic disruptor but there is a lack of research regarding the effects of long-term exposure beginning in utero. In this study we investigated how chronic exposure to atrazine (5 mg/kg bw/day) in drinking water from E9.5 until 12 or 26 weeks of age affected metabolic and reproductive characteristics in male mice. We then examined whether mating these males to unexposed females altered in vitro embryo characteristics. Atrazine exposure caused a decrease in liver weight and changes in both liver and testis gene expression, specifically in genes involved in lipid uptake and fatty acid metabolism in the liver, as well as androgen conversion in the testis. Notably, atrazine exposure decreased epididymal sperm concentration and subsequent embryo cell numbers generated from the 12-week cohort males. Collectively, these data suggest that atrazine exposure, beginning prenatally, affects both metabolic and reproductive characteristics, and highlights the importance of assessing atrazine effects at different life stages and over multiple generations. The continued widespread use of atrazine warrants further studies, as it is essential to understand the health risks for all species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark P. Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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75
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Qian L, Qi S, Zhang J, Duan M, Schlenk D, Jiang J, Wang C. Exposure to Boscalid Induces Reproductive Toxicity of Zebrafish by Gender-Specific Alterations in Steroidogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14275-14287. [PMID: 33138376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide and is frequently detected in surface water. Due to the frequent detection of boscalid, we evaluated its impact on the reproduction of adult zebrafish following a 21 d exposure to 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L. Following exposure to boscalid, the fertility of female zebrafish and fertilization rate of spawning eggs were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner up to a respective 87% and 20% in the highest concentration. A significant 16% reduction in the percentage of late vitellogenic oocytes was noted in ovaries, and a significant 74% reduction in the percentage of spermatids in testis was also observed after treatment with 1.0 mg/L. 17β-Estradiol (E2) concentrations decreased significantly in females (34% decrease) but significantly increased in males (15% increase) following 1.0 mg/L boscalid treatment. The expression of genes (such as era, er2b, cyp19a, and cyp19b) related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis was significantly altered and positively correlated with E2 concentrations in female and male zebrafish (p < 0.05). Molecular docking results revealed that the binding modes between boscalid and target proteins (ER and CYP19) of zebrafish were similar to that of the reference compounds and the target proteins. The binding energies indicate that boscalid may have a weak estrogen-like binding effect or CYP19 inhibition, potentially altering the HPGL axis, thereby reducing E2 concentrations and fecundity in females. In contrast, boscalid caused significant induction of E2 steroidogenesis and subsequent feminization of gonads in males, indicating gender-specific adverse outcome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Duan
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jiazhen Jiang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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76
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Cai H, Li J, Yin H, Yao G, Lai B. Degradation of atrazine in aqueous solution through peroxymonosulfate activated by Co-modified nano-titanium dioxide. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1363-1375. [PMID: 32159886 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) heterogeneous activation by Co3 O4 -modified catalyst has shown significant implications to generate free radicals for organic pollutants degradation in water. In this study, PMS heterogeneous activation was applied to degrade atrazine (ATZ) using Co3 O4 -mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs), which were synthesized by sol-gel method. Firstly, characteristics of the fresh and used Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs were analyzed via SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, and XPS techniques. Then, the influences of several key parameters (i.e., Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs dose (0.02-0.3 g/L), PMS dose (0-0.6 mM), initial pH (3.0-11.0), and co-existing anions) on the ATZ degradation were investigated systematically. Besides, control systems were set up to verify the high efficiency of Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs. In addition, the radical scavenging experiments revealed that sulfate and hydroxyl radicals were generated in the Co3 O4 /TiO2 -PMS system, while sulfate radicals were the dominant reactive species responsible for ATZ degradation. Furthermore, the stability and reusability of the Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs were investigated after four consecutive experiments. Based on the identified products, possible degradation pathways of ATZ in the Co3 O4 /TiO2 -PMS system were proposed. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism of Co3 O4 /TiO2 -PMS system was proposed according to the comprehensive analysis. Findings of this study provided useful information for the application of Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs in recalcitrant organic contaminants degradation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs were synthesized via the simple sol-gel method. Co3 O4 /TiO2 NPs possessed excellent catalytic performance for PMS to eliminate ATZ. Sulfate radicals play a dominant role in the degradation of ATZ. ATZ degradation pathways and reaction mechanism in the system were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoxiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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77
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Kolenda K, Kuśmierek N, Pstrowska K. Microplastic ingestion by tadpoles of pond-breeding amphibians-first results from Central Europe (SW Poland). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33380-33384. [PMID: 32601862 PMCID: PMC7417386 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystems. Surprisingly, our knowledge of its occurrence and its impact on the organisms that dwell in small water bodies is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and chemical composition of MPs in tadpoles of pond-breeding amphibians. In total, 201 tadpoles belonging to 5 species were collected from 8 ponds located in southwestern Poland. MPs were found in all examined sites and in all studied species. Among those tested, 53 (26%) tadpoles ingested a total of 71 MPs. IR-ATR analysis revealed that particles were of anthropogenic origin and included nylon, polyurethane, polyisoprene and 1,2 polybutadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kolenda
- Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław, 50-335, Poland
| | - Natalia Kuśmierek
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Pstrowska
- Department of Fuels Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Gdańska 7/9, Wrocław, 50-344, Poland
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78
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Trudeau VL, Thomson P, Zhang WS, Reynaud S, Navarro-Martin L, Langlois VS. Agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine axes in amphibians. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 513:110861. [PMID: 32450283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Concern over global amphibian declines and possible links to agrochemical use has led to research on the endocrine disrupting actions of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, metals, and mixtures. Amphibians, like other species, have to partition resources for body maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that metabolic impairments induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals, and more particularly agrichemicals, may disrupt physiological constraints associated with these limited resources and could cause deleterious effects on growth and reproduction. Metabolic disruption has hardly been considered for amphibian species following agrichemical exposure. As for metamorphosis, the key thyroid hormone-dependent developmental phase for amphibians, it can either be advanced or delayed by agrichemicals with consequences for juvenile and adult health and survival. While numerous agrichemicals affect anuran sexual development, including sex reversal and intersex in several species, little is known about the mechanisms involved in dysregulation of the sex differentiation processes. Adult anurans display stereotypical male mating calls and female phonotaxis responses leading to successful amplexus and spawning. These are hormone-dependent behaviours at the foundation of reproductive success. Therefore, male vocalizations are highly ecologically-relevant and may be a non-invasive low-cost method for the assessment of endocrine disruption at the population level. While it is clear that agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine systems in frogs, very little has been uncovered regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms at the basis of these actions. This is surprising, given the importance of the frog models to our deep understanding of developmental biology and thyroid hormone action to understand human health. Several agrochemicals were found to have multiple endocrine effects at once (e.g., targeting both the thyroid and gonadal axes); therefore, the assessment of agrochemicals that alter cross-talk between hormonal systems must be further addressed. Given the diversity of life-history traits in Anura, Caudata, and the Gymnophiona, it is essential that studies on endocrine disruption expand to include the lesser known taxa. Research under ecologically-relevant conditions will also be paramount. Closer collaboration between molecular and cellular endocrinologists and ecotoxicologists and ecologists is thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Paisley Thomson
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Wo Su Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martin
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valérie S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
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79
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Guidony NS, Lopes FM, Guimarães PS, Escarrone ALV, Souza MM. Can short-term exposure to copper and atrazine be cytotoxic to microalgae? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27961-27970. [PMID: 32405941 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments can be easily contaminated due to anthropogenic activities that may affect local biota. Microalgae are abundant and have an important role on the food chain. Consequently, they stand out as promising models for studies of contaminants. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of atrazine and copper (separate and mixture) exposure in microalgae Desmodesmus communis, as well as its cellular defense due to ABC (ATP-binding cassette) proteins activity against the xenobiotics. We analyzed two different ABC proteins activity pathways: P-gp, which is responsible for nonspecific substance efflux, and MRP that is associated with metals efflux. It was observed that the microalgae exposure to atrazine (90 nM) and copper (141 nM) has been considered cytotoxic. When contaminants were mixed, only the combination of both highest concentrations tested was cytotoxic. The P-gp blocker, verapamil, demonstrated that the contaminants tested caused proteins inhibition. However, the MK-571 (MRP blocker) did not block pump activity. There was an inverse relationship between ABC protein activity and cytotoxicity; non-cytotoxic conditions suggest increased activity of microalgae defense proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Soares Guidony
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Moreira Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Santos Guimarães
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Marques Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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80
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Wang A, Hu X, Wan Y, Mahai G, Jiang Y, Huo W, Zhao X, Liang G, He Z, Xia W, Xu S. A nationwide study of the occurrence and distribution of atrazine and its degradates in tap water and groundwater in China: Assessment of human exposure potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126533. [PMID: 32217410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite frequent detection of atrazine (ATZ) and its degradates (including hydroxyatrazine, ATZ-OH; deethylatrazine, DEA; deisopropylatrazine, DIA; and deethyldeisopropylatrazine, DACT) in a variety of water bodies, documentation of their occurrence and distribution in tap water in China is still scarce. A nationwide survey about ATZ and its degradates (ATZs) in tap water from 31 provinces in 7 regions of mainland China and Hong Kong was conducted during June 2019. At least one of the analytes was found in all the water samples (n = 884). The median sum concentrations of ATZs (ΣATZs) was 21.0 ng/L (range: 0.02 ng/L-3.04 μg/L). The predominant compounds of ATZs in tap water were ATZ and DEA, with a detection frequency of 99.5% and 98.0%, respectively, followed by ATZ-OH (87.3%), DACT (84.0%), and DIA (78.1%). Significant regional variations (p < 0.05) were found in the concentrations of ATZs in tap water, and the highest concentration of ΣATZs (median: 254 ng/L, range: 0.44 ng/L-3.04 μg/L) was found in Northeastern China, followed by Eastern (37.2 ng/L, 0.02-706 ng/L), Northern (30.2 ng/L, 0.04-317 ng/L), Central (29.3 ng/L, 0.04-256 ng/L), Southern (25.0 ng/L, 0.04-297 ng/L), Southwestern (17.2 ng/L, 0.02-388 ng/L), and Northwestern China (3.22 ng/L, 0.06-214 ng/L). The level of ΣATZs in groundwater from rural area of China was about 1/3 of that found in tap water. ATZs cannot be removed by boiling tap water. The highest estimated daily intake of ΣATZs (248 ng/kg-body weight/day) was found in the infant population of Changchun, Jilin, Northeastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Xun Hu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, PR China.
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518054, PR China.
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiuge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Gaodao Liang
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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81
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Gawel A, Seiwert B, Sühnholz S, Schmitt-Jansen M, Mackenzie K. In-situ treatment of herbicide-contaminated groundwater-Feasibility study for the cases atrazine and bromacil using two novel nanoremediation-type materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122470. [PMID: 32208331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two injectable reactive and sorption-active particle types were evaluated for their applicability in permeable reaction zones for in-situ removal of herbicides ("nanoremediation"). As model substances, atrazine and bromacil were used, two herbicides frequently occurring in groundwater. In order to provide recommendations for best use, particle performance was assessed regarding herbicide degradation and detoxification. For chemical reduction, Carbo-Iron® was studied, a composite material consisting of zerovalent iron and colloidal activated carbon. Carbo-Iron reduced bromacil with increased activity compared to nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI). The sole reaction product, 3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil, showed 500-fold increase in half-maximal-effect concentration (EC50) towards the chlorophyte Scendesmus vacuolatus compared to the parent compound. The detoxification based on dehalogenation confirmed the dependency of the specific mode-of-action on the carbon-halide bond. For atrazine, neither nZVI nor Carbo-Iron showed significant degradation under the conditions applied. As novel subsurface treatment option, Trap-Ox® zeolite FeBEA35 was studied for generation of in-situ permeable oxidation barriers. Both adsorbed atrazine and bromacil underwent fast unselective oxidation. The transformation products of the Fenton-like reaction were identified, and oxidation pathways derived. For atrazine, a 300-fold increase in EC50 for S. vacuolatus was found over the duration of the reaction, and a loss of phytotoxicity to non-detectable levels for bromacil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gawel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany; Intrapore GmbH, Katernberger Str. 107, D-45327, Essen, Germany.
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Sühnholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Mackenzie
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
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82
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Campbell Grant EH, Miller DA, Muths E. A Synthesis of Evidence of Drivers of Amphibian Declines. HERPETOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David A.W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Erin Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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83
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Lopes RDO, Pereira PM, Pereira ARB, Fernandes KV, Carvalho JF, França ADSD, Valente RH, da Silva M, Ferreira-Leitão VS. Atrazine, desethylatrazine (DEA) and desisopropylatrazine (DIA) degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus INCQS 40310. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1754805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Oliveira Lopes
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maia Pereira
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Ramalho Brandão Pereira
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Keysson Vieira Fernandes
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia Finamor Carvalho
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Silva de França
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Richard Hemmi Valente
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manuela da Silva
- Vice-Presidency of Research and Biological Collections, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viridiana S. Ferreira-Leitão
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication (MCTIC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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84
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Lamb SD, Chia JHZ, Johnson SL. Paternal exposure to a common herbicide alters the behavior and serotonergic system of zebrafish offspring. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228357. [PMID: 32275662 PMCID: PMC7147785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, studies are revealing that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter animal behavior. Early life exposure to EDCs may permanently alter phenotypes through to adulthood. In addition, the effects of EDCs may not be isolated to a single generation − offspring may indirectly be impacted, via non-genetic processes. Here, we analyzed the effects of paternal atrazine exposure on behavioral traits (distance moved, exploration, bottom-dwelling time, latency to enter the top zone, and interaction with a mirror) and whole-brain mRNA of genes involved in the serotonergic system regulation (slc6a4a, slc6a4b, htr1Aa, htr1B, htr2B) of zebrafish (Danio rerio). F0 male zebraFIsh were exposed to atrazine at 0.3, 3 or 30 part per billion (ppb) during early juvenile development, the behavior of F1 progeny was tested at adulthood, and the effect of 0.3 ppb atrazine treatment on mRNA transcription was quantified. Paternal exposure to atrazine significantly reduced interactions with a mirror (a proxy for aggression) and altered the latency to enter the top zone of a tank in unexposed F1 offspring. Bottom-dwelling time (a proxy for anxiety) also appeared to be somewhat affected, and activity (distance moved) was reduced in the context of aggression. slc6a4a and htr1Aa mRNA transcript levels were found to correlate positively with anxiety levels in controls, but we found that this relationship was disrupted in the 0.3 ppb atrazine treatment group. Overall, paternal atrazine exposure resulted in alterations across a variety of behavioral traits and showed signs of serotonergic system dysregulation, demonstrating intergenerational effects. Further research is needed to explore transgenerational effects on behavior and possible mechanisms underpinning behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D. Lamb
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (SDL); (SLJ)
| | - Jolyn H. Z. Chia
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sheri L. Johnson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (SDL); (SLJ)
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85
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Beaulieu M, Cabana H, Huot Y. Adverse effects of atrazine, DCMU and metolachlor on phytoplankton cultures and communities at environmentally relevant concentrations using Fast Repetition Rate Fluorescence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136239. [PMID: 31931192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and persistent contamination of freshwater environments by low concentrations of pesticides is a growing concern worldwide. In aquatic environments, herbicide pollution is of greatest concern for phytoplankton, due to their similarities to terrestrial plants. Through the use of Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry (FRRF) during weeklong experiments on 10 phytoplankton cultures from 4 classes and 4 natural communities, we demonstrate that PSII-inhibiting herbicides, notably atrazine that is extensively used in North America, consistently have effects on freshwater phytoplankton photophysiology at concentrations far below concentrations affecting the most sensitive species in previous studies. The parameters specific to FRRF (Ρ, σ, τ1, τ2, τ3) were those most sensitive to PSII inhibitors, compared to the standard fluorescence parameters derived from other fluorescence protocols such as Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry (F0, Fm, Fv/Fm) and extracted chlorophyll a concentrations. Based on these findings, existing national environmental guidelines and standards are insufficient to adequately prevent adverse effects of atrazine and other PSII inhibiting herbicides on algal physiology in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Beaulieu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Yannick Huot
- Department of Geomatics, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
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86
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Boruah PK, Das MR. Dual responsive magnetic Fe 3O 4-TiO 2/graphene nanocomposite as an artificial nanozyme for the colorimetric detection and photodegradation of pesticide in an aqueous medium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121516. [PMID: 31708291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Fe3O4-TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4-TiO2/rGO) nanocomposite was successfully prepared by one step hydrothermal method and exhibit intrinsic peroxidase mimic activity and photocatalytic efficiency. The as-prepared nanomaterials were characterized by several analytical tools including XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, XPS, VSM, FT-IR, AFM, TGA and zeta potential analysis. The average particle size of Fe3O4 and TiO2 NPs on the rGO nanosheets are found to be 9 ± 0.2 nm. The synthesized nanocomposite showed dual responsive including highly sensitive colorimetric detection of harmful atrazine pesticide in an aqueous medium as well as photocatalytic degradation of atrazine pesticide. The Fe3O4-TiO2/rGO nanocomposite showed the efficient peroxidase-like catalytic activity throughout the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a peroxidase substrate to the blue-colored oxidized product (ox-TMB) in presence of H2O2. Based on this observation, the colorimetric detection technique is applied for the sensing of atrazine as model pesticides using TMB as a peroxidase substrate molecule and 2.98 μg/L of the limit of detection (LOD) was obtained in the linear range of 2-20 μg/L. Thus the proposed colorimetric sensing technique is simple and low cost for the real-time monitoring of the pesticides in an aqueous medium. Further, the Fe3O4-TiO2/rGO nanocomposite was also successfully utilized towards efficient photocatalytic degradation of atrazine molecule (100 %) under irradiation of natural sunlight. Moreover, Fe3O4-TiO2/rGO nanocomposite was successfully recycled for 10 times without a significant loss of its photocatalytic efficiency. This work delivers a new insight for the dual responsive of the Fe3O4-TiO2/rGO nanocomposite as an artificial nanozyme for colorimetric sensing of the water pollutant and also removal of the water pollutant by simple photocatalytic degradation method under natural sunlight irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna K Boruah
- Advanced Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, India
| | - Manash R Das
- Advanced Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, India.
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87
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Zhang W, Deng Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Wang Z, Liu R, Diao J, Zhou Z. Effect of triadimefon and its metabolite on adult amphibians Xenopus laevis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125288. [PMID: 31743868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in the population of amphibians all over the world has raised concerns. Adult X. laevis frogs were exposed to 0, 1 and 10 mg/L triadimefon and triadimenol. After 14 or 28 days exposure, we collected male and female specimens to study swimming activity, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and antioxidant enzyme activity in blood samples, histopathology of liver and thyroid tissue, thyroid hormone levels and thyroid hormone-related gene expression levels in brains. Our results showed that triadimefon and triadimenol could affect the swimming activity of frogs and that this was distinct at different levels of triadimenol. Moreover, triadimefon and triadimenol exposure produced a greater effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) in females than in males, which was reverse to the finding for glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). After 28 days exposure, triadimefon produced more toxic effects on the liver than observed for triadimenol. Besides this, triadimefon and triadimenol exposure exerted a greater effect on liver histology and thyroid hormone levels in male frogs than in the females. Our results also found that the expression of genes related to thyroid hormone in brains depended on the exposure level and time, as well as the sex of the treated individual. This study shed light on the relationships between the toxicity of metabolite products and their parent compounds and provided further understanding of the risk of pesticide use on amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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88
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Yu T, Wang L, Ma F, Wang Y, Bai S. A bio-functions integration microcosm: Self-immobilized biochar-pellets combined with two strains of bacteria to remove atrazine in water and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121326. [PMID: 31629595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A self-immobilization method for microorganisms was developed based on fungal pellets. Generally, pellets have some problems such as cell leakage, cell loading limitation and low mechanical strength. Therefore, biochar was applied to overcome these disadvantages. Atrazine degradable microorganism Arthrobacter sp. ZXY-2 was immobilized by Aspergillus niger Y3 pellets. After adding biochar with optimal dosage (0.006 g biochar for 0.3 g pellets with ZXY-2), the self-immobilized biomixture (SIB) removed 50 mg /L atrazine rapidly within 1 h, which was 61% higher compared to pellets without biochar. The kinetic adsorption results showed that the biosorption of biochar by pellets followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The ATZ removal ability and reusability of SIB were significantly increased by biochar. The results showed that the addition of biochar could enhance the connection between ZXY-2 and pellets based carrier, and the favorable biodegradation pH of ZXY-2 changed to 6 and 10. Several analyses such as ζ-potential measurements, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDS, and elemental analyses were performed to evaluate the mechanism of action of SIB. To enhance the ATZ degradation by single strain, Agrobacterium, sp WL-1 was isolated and added. The metabolic pathways and their function complementation were studied. Furthermore, a biomass integration model for wastewater treatment was proposed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmiao Yu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, People's Republic of China
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89
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Zhang J, Qian L, Wang C, Teng M, Duan M, Zhou Y, Chen X, Bo R, Wang C, Li X. Dysregulation of endocrine disruption, apoptosis and the transgenerational toxicity induced by spirotetramat. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124900. [PMID: 31563099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spirotetramat (SPT) is a new tetronic acid derivative insecticide used to control scales and aphids; the potential for endocrine disruptor effects in fish could not be finalized with the available data. In this study, zebrafish were selected to assess the endocrine-disrupting effects. Significant decrease of plasma estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were observed in both male and female following the spirotetramat exposure; the vitellogenin (VTG) level in females significantly decreased. The expression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis genes fshr, lhr and esr1 showed significant increase in the gonads, which expression in males is higher than in females. In addition, the activities of capspase-3 and caspase-9 significantly decreased in both males and females liver, while the capspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased in male testis, the mRNA expression levels of genes expression related to the apoptosis pathway were also significantly altered after the spirotetramat exposure. Additionally, we found the parental zebrafish exposed to spirotetramat induced the development delay of its offspring. Above all, the adverse effects induced by spirotetramat suggesting that spirotetramat is a potential exogenous hazardous agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Manman Duan
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangguang Chen
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Bo
- The Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan mingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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90
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Cook LE, Finger BJ, Green MP, Pask AJ. Exposure to atrazine during puberty reduces sperm viability, increases weight gain and alters the expression of key metabolic genes in the liver of male mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:920-931. [PMID: 30636190 DOI: 10.1071/rd18505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide and is a common contaminant in human drinking water. It disrupts metabolic pathways in plants, and has metabolic and reproductive effects in vertebrates, including humans. Few studies have investigated the effects of exposure to low doses of ATZ, especially during sexual development in males. In this study, we exposed C57BL/6J male mice from weaning for 8 weeks to drinking water containing 0.5mgkg-1 bodyweight (BW) day-1 ATZ, the 'no observed effect' level used by the Australian government, or a 10-fold higher dose (5mgkg-1 BW day-1). Mice treated with the low dose of ATZ showed increased total and cumulative weight gain. At 12 weeks of age, there was a significant increase in the percentage of dead spermatozoa in both ATZ-exposed groups, as well as decreased epididymal sperm motility in the low-dose ATZ group. Significant changes in testis and liver gene expression were also observed following ATZ exposure. These data demonstrate that a low dose of ATZ can perturb metabolic and reproductive characteristics in male mice. A chronic reduction in sperm quality and increased weight gain could have negative consequences on the reproductive capacity of males, and further studies should consider the effects of long-term ATZ exposure on male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Cook
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
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91
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Photo-electrocatalytic oxidation of atrazine using sputtured deposited TiO2: WN photoanodes under UV/visible light. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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92
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Li S, Qiao K, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Coffin S, Gui W, Zhu G. Disruptive effects of two organotin pesticides on the thyroid signaling pathway in Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134140. [PMID: 31476497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are the ubiquitous environmental pollutants due to their wide industrial and agricultural applications and unexpected releasing into the environment, which show characteristic of endocrine disruptors to interfere with the synthesis, receptor binding or action of endogenous-hormones. Organotin pesticides (OTPs) are used in agriculture and may impact endocrine functions on organisms. Thyroid hormones (THs) play fundamental roles in regulating the basal metabolism and energy balance, while thyroid function can be impaired by environmental contaminants. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the effects and mechanisms of OTPs on hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. In this study, Xenopus laevis tadpoles at stage 51 were exposed to fentin hydroxide and fenbutatin oxide (0.04, 0.20 and 1.00 μg·L-1) for 21 days. It was found that both compounds caused inhibitory effects on metamorphic development of tadpoles (e.g., significant decrease in hindlimb length and retarding development). Triiodothyronine (T3) significantly decreased in tadpoles exposed to 0.20 μg/L and 1.00 μg/L of the two OTPs for 14 days or 21 days. The expressions of TH responsive genes trβ, bteb and dio2 were down-regulated, while tshβ and slc5a5 were up-regulated. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assays showed that fentin hydroxide had a moderate affinity to recombinant human thyroid hormone receptor β but fenbutatin oxide did not have. Result of the SPR assay was highly consistent with the luciferase reporter gene assays that fentin hydroxide suppressed the relative luciferase activity in the presence of T3 while fenbutatin oxide did not, demonstrating fentin hydroxide but not fenbutatin oxide displayed an antagonistic activity against T3-TR complex mediated transcriptional activation. Overall, the findings elucidated the mechanisms induced by OTPs along HPT axis. These results highlighted the adverse influences of organotin pesticides on thyroid hormone- dependent development in vertebrates and the need for more comprehensive investigations of their potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Scott Coffin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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93
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Goldberg RF, Vandenberg LN. Distract, delay, disrupt: examples of manufactured doubt from five industries. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:349-363. [PMID: 31271562 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manufactured doubt describes the efforts used by organizations or individuals to obscure the harmful effects of their products or actions by manipulating science. Although approaches to do so are widely used, relevant stakeholders are often unaware of these tactics. Here, we examine the strategies used in five cases of manufactured doubt: tobacco and adverse health; coal and black lung; Syngenta and the herbicide atrazine; the sugar industry and cardiovascular disease; and the Marshall Institute and climate change. By describing the tactics used in these cases, effective methods for identifying and countering instances of manufactured doubt can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Goldberg
- Graduate program in Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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94
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Zlotnik S, Gridi-Papp M, Bernal XE. Laryngeal Demasculinization in Wild Cane Toads Varies with Land Use. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:682-693. [PMID: 31628632 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic factors, including the spread of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, have been linked to alterations in the reproductive physiology, morphology, and behavior of wildlife. Few studies of endocrine disruption, however, focus on secondary sexual traits that affect mating signals, despite their importance for reproductive success. The larynx of many anurans (frogs and toads), for example, is larger in males than in females and is crucial for producing mating calls. We aim to determine if wild populations of cane toads (Rhinella marina) near sugarcane fields in Florida have demasculinized larynges when compared to populations near urban areas. We find evidence of demasculinization in both primary and secondary sexual traits in male toads living near sugarcane. Relative to body size, the laryngeal mass, vocal cord length, and dilator muscle width are all reduced in males from sugarcane regions compared to their urban counterparts. Strong correlations between primary and secondary male sexual traits indicate that demasculinization occurs in concert both within and across diverse organs, including the testes, larynx, and skin. Our results show that anurans near sugarcane fields have demasculinized reproductive systems, that this disruption extends to secondary sexual traits like the larynx, and that it is likely due to anthropogenic causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zlotnik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 103 Black Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Marcos Gridi-Papp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Ximena E Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
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95
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Hansen SP, Messer TL, Mittelstet AR. Mitigating the risk of atrazine exposure: Identifying hot spots and hot times in surface waters across Nebraska, USA. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109424. [PMID: 31472378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine, one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, threatens human health along with terrestrial and aquatic biota. Recent reports have found atrazine in drinking water to be associated with increased birth defects and incidences of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, with higher levels of significance from exposure to both atrazine and nitrate-N. The Midwest region of the United States, which includes Nebraska, is one of the leading regions for high nitrate-N concentrations and agrochemicals, including atrazine, in surface waters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide a case study for completing an environmental risk analysis for the potential exposure of atrazine and nitrate-N to ecosystems and humans through interaction with surface waters using two approaches: (1) Identify watersheds across Nebraska that were at risk for exceeding atrazine and nitrate-N maximum contaminant limits (MCLs) in surface water; and (2) Determine the specific times of year where risks were greatest. Factors were then analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS) software to identify areas of high risk. Impairments for both nitrate-N and atrazine in the surface water were found predominately during the early growing season in the southeastern region of Nebraska, in watershed areas with the highest amount of corn production and annual precipitation. Further, the methodology developed in this study has the potential for application in regions with higher dependency on surface water to determine multiple agrochemical load influxes from upstream regions and evaluate other surface water contaminants during the same time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Hansen
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 223 L.W. Chase Hall P.O. Box 830726, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
| | - Tiffany L Messer
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 223 L.W. Chase Hall P.O. Box 830726, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA; School of Natural Resources, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 101 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0961, USA.
| | - Aaron R Mittelstet
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 223 L.W. Chase Hall P.O. Box 830726, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
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96
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Sopniewski J, Shams F, Scheele BC, Kefford BJ, Ezaz T. Identifying sex-linked markers in Litoria aurea: a novel approach to understanding sex chromosome evolution in an amphibian. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16591. [PMID: 31719585 PMCID: PMC6851140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Few taxa exhibit the variability of sex-determining modes as amphibians. However, due to the presence of homomorphic sex chromosomes in many species, this phenomenon has been difficult to study. The Australian frog, Litoria aurea, has been relatively well studied over the past 20 years due to widespread declines largely attributable to chytrid fungus. However, it has been subject to few molecular studies and its mode of sex determination remained unknown. We applied DArTseq™ to develop sex-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and restriction fragment presence/absence (PA) markers in 44 phenotypically sexed L. aurea individuals from the Molonglo River in NSW, Australia. We conclusively identified a male heterogametic (XX-XY) sex determination mode in this species, identifying 11 perfectly sex-linked SNP and six strongly sex-linked PA markers. We identified a further 47 moderately sex-linked SNP loci, likely serving as evidence indicative of XY recombination. Furthermore, within these 47 loci, a group of nine males were found to have a feminised Y chromosome that significantly differed to all other males. We postulate ancestral sex-reversal as a means for the evolution of this now pseudoautosomal region on the Y chromosome. Our findings present new evidence for the ‘fountain of youth’ hypothesis for the retention of homomorphic sex chromosomes in amphibians and describe a novel approach for the study of sex chromosome evolution in amphibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Sopniewski
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Foyez Shams
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Canberra, Australia
| | - Benjamin C Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Canberra, Australia
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Canberra, Australia.
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97
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Hirano LQL, Alves LDS, Menezes-Reis LT, Mendonça JDS, Simões K, Santos ALQ, Vieira LG. Effects of egg exposure to atrazine and/or glyphosate on bone development in Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemididae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109400. [PMID: 31276883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate skeletal changes in Podocnemis unifilis embryos derived from artificially incubated eggs exposed to different concentrations of atrazine, glyphosate or atrazine and glyphosate mixture. Forty-two eggs were randomly allocated to one of seven trays containing vermiculite treated distilled water (control group) or the following solutions: 2 or 200 μg L-1 of atrazine (groups A1 and A2 respectively); 65 or 6500 μg L-1 of glyphosate (groups G1 and G2 respectively); 2 μg L-1 and 65 μg L-1 or 200 μg L-1 and 6500 μg L-1 of atrazine and glyphosate mixture (groups AG1 and AG2 respectively). Three eggs per tray were randomly collected on days 30 and 50 of the incubation period. Embryos were submitted to soft tissue diaphanization and stained with Alizarin red S or Alcian blue for morphological analysis of bone and cartilage tissues; histological analysis was performed to confirm ossification changes. Findings were compared between groups. Morphological changes were limited to sclerotic ring features and number of ribs. Malformations rates differed significantly (p < 0.05) between embryos in the control and treated groups A2, AG1 and AG2. Concurrent exposure to atrazine and glyphosate did not affect the presence or severity of embryonic malformations and was not associated with appendicular skeleton changes in P. unifilis embryos. However, further studies focusing on the axial skeleton with particular emphasis on rib abnormalities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karina Simões
- (b)Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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98
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Genomic Data Reveal Conserved Female Heterogamety in Giant Salamanders with Gigantic Nuclear Genomes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:3467-3476. [PMID: 31439718 PMCID: PMC6778777 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systems of genetic sex determination and the homology of sex chromosomes in different taxa vary greatly across vertebrates. Much progress remains to be made in understanding systems of genetic sex determination in non-model organisms, especially those with homomorphic sex chromosomes and/or large genomes. We used reduced representation genome sequencing to investigate genetic sex determination systems in the salamander family Cryptobranchidae (genera Cryptobranchus and Andrias), which typifies both of these inherent difficulties. We tested hypotheses of male- or female-heterogamety by sequencing hundreds of thousands of anonymous genomic regions in a panel of known-sex cryptobranchids and characterized patterns of presence/absence, inferred zygosity, and depth of coverage to identify sex-linked regions of these 56 gigabase genomes. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that all cryptobranchid species possess homologous systems of female heterogamety, despite maintenance of homomorphic sex chromosomes over nearly 60 million years. Additionally, we report a robust, non-invasive genetic assay for sex diagnosis in Cryptobranchus and Andrias which may have great utility for conservation efforts with these endangered salamanders. Co-amplification of these W-linked markers in both cryptobranchid genera provides evidence for long-term sex chromosome stasis in one of the most divergent salamander lineages. These findings inform hypotheses about the ancestral mode of sex determination in salamanders, but suggest that comparative data from other salamander families are needed. Our results further demonstrate that massive genomes are not necessarily a barrier to effective genome-wide sequencing and that the resulting data can be highly informative about sex determination systems in taxa with homomorphic sex chromosomes.
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99
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Rojas-Hucks S, Gutleb AC, González CM, Contal S, Mehennaoui K, Jacobs A, Witters HE, Pulgar J. Xenopus laevis as a Bioindicator of Endocrine Disruptors in the Region of Central Chile. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:390-408. [PMID: 31422435 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the direct causes of biodiversity loss is environmental pollution resulting from the use of chemicals. Different kinds of chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants and some heavy metals, can be endocrine disruptors, which act at low doses over a long period of time and have a negative effect on the reproductive and thyroid system in vertebrates worldwide. Research on the effects of endocrine disruptors and the use of bioindicators in neotropical ecosystems where pressure on biodiversity is high is scarce. In Chile, although endocrine disruptors have been detected at different concentrations in the environments of some ecosystems, few studies have been performed on their biological effects in the field. In this work, Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), an introduced species, is used as a bioindicator for the presence of endocrine disruptors in aquatic systems with different degrees of contamination in a Mediterranean zone in central Chile. For the first time for Chile, alterations are described that can be linked to exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as vitellogenin induction, decreased testosterone in male frogs, and histological changes in gonads. Dioxin-like and oestrogenic activity was detected in sediments at locations where it seem to be related to alterations found in the frogs. In addition, an analysis of land use/cover use revealed that urban soil was the best model to explain the variations in frog health indicators. This study points to the usefulness of an invasive species as a bioindicator for the presence of endocrine-disruptive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Rojas-Hucks
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carlos M González
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Servane Contal
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - An Jacobs
- Department Environmental Health and Risk, Team Applied Bio and Molecular Sciences (ABS), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Hilda E Witters
- Department Environmental Health and Risk, Team Applied Bio and Molecular Sciences (ABS), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
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100
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Roueinfar M, Abraham KM, Hong KL. In-Solution Molecular Recognition Comparison of Aptamers against the Herbicide Atrazine. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16201-16208. [PMID: 31592487 PMCID: PMC6777074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is a common herbicide that is widely used to control weed growth in both agricultural and residential settings. It has been shown to act as an endocrine disruptor that affects aquatic organisms. Rapid and low-cost monitoring methods for atrazine is the first step to mitigate its widespread persistency. Aptamers are small synthetic oligonucleotides that can assume a 3D structure to act as the molecular recognition element for a specific target of interest. Two different atrazine binding aptamers (R12.23 Trunc. and R12.45 Trunc.) have been identified from the same library design but with fundamentally different in vitro selection methodologies. While the R12.23 Trunc. has been utilized in immobilized biosensing platforms, it is unclear if in-solution-based applications would be suitable for both atrazine binding aptamers. This study provides the first insight of comparative in-solution binding profiles of the two atrazine binding aptamers. Based on our results, this information will be useful for future biosensing platform development utilizing the two aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Roueinfar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology,
College of Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, College of
Science and Engineering, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, United States
| | - Kevin M. Abraham
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology,
College of Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, College of
Science and Engineering, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, United States
| | - Ka Lok Hong
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology,
College of Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, College of
Science and Engineering, Wilkes University, 84 W. South Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, United States
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