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BES1 is activated by EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2-mediated signaling to control tapetum development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4164. [PMID: 31519953 PMCID: PMC6744560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BES1 and BZR1 were originally identified as two key transcription factors specifically regulating brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated gene expression. They belong to a family consisting of six members, BES1, BZR1, BEH1, BEH2, BEH3, and BEH4. bes1 and bzr1 single mutants do not exhibit any characteristic BR phenotypes, suggesting functional redundancy of these proteins. Here, by generating higher order mutants, we show that a quintuple mutant is male sterile due to defects in tapetum and microsporocyte development in anthers. Our genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrate that BES1 family members also act as downstream transcription factors in the EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2 pathway. Ectopic expression of both TPD1 and EMS1 in bri1-116, a BR receptor null mutant, leads to the accumulation of non-phosphorylated, active BES1, similar to activation of BES1 by BRI1-BR-BAK1 signaling. These data suggest that two distinctive receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathways share BES1 family members as downstream transcription factors to regulate different aspects of plant development. BES1 and BZR1 transcription factors are activated by the BRI1-BAK1 receptor complex during brassinosteroid signaling. Here the authors show that BES1-family members also act in anthers, downstream of another receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathway, EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2, to promote tapetum development.
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Li X, Lian H, Zhao Q, He Y. MicroRNA166 Monitors SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE for Building of the Anther Internal Boundary. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:208-220. [PMID: 31248965 PMCID: PMC6716238 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The internal boundary between inner and outer microsporangia within anthers is essential for male fertility of vascular plants. Dehiscence zones embedded in the boundary release pollen for fertilization. However, the molecular mechanism underlying boundary formation in anthers remains poorly understood. Here, we report that microRNA166 (miR166) and its target PHABULOSA (PHB) regulate SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ), which controls microsporogenesis. In developing anthers of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the expression domains of miR165/6 and SPL/NZZ are overlapped and rearranged synchronously. Dominant mutation of PHB suppresses SPL/NZZ expression on the adaxial sides of stamens, resulting in a thickened boundary, whereas activation of MIR166g up-regulates SPL/NZZ expression, leading to ectopic microsporogenesis in the boundary. PHB limits the expression domains of SPL/NZZ to facilitate construction of the boundary, while miR166 preserves the expression domains of SPL/NZZ by inhibiting PHB to allow the inner microsporangia to take shape. Subsequently, PHB activates the key stem cell maintainer WUSCHEL in anthers to restrict the stomium cells to the boundary so that dehiscence zones develop and release pollen properly. These findings link adaxial/abaxial polarity to microsporogenesis in building of the internal boundary of anthers and thus advance the concepts underlying the establishment of the internal structure of male organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuke He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Dai D, Xiong A, Yuan L, Sheng Y, Ji P, Jin Y, Li D, Wang Y, Luan F. Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes during anther development stages on male sterility and fertility in Cucumis melo L. line. Gene 2019; 707:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Roque E, Gómez-Mena C, Hamza R, Beltrán JP, Cañas LA. Engineered Male Sterility by Early Anther Ablation Using the Pea Anther-Specific Promoter PsEND1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31293612 PMCID: PMC6603094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineered male sterility has different applications, ranging from hybrid seed production to bioconfinement of transgenes in genetic modified crops. The impact of this technology is currently patent in a wide range of crops, including legumes, which has helped to deal with the challenges of global food security. Production of engineered male sterile plants by expression of a ribonuclease gene under the control of an anther- or pollen-specific promoter has proven to be an efficient way to generate pollen-free elite cultivars. In the last years, we have been studying the genetic control of flower development in legumes and several genes that are specifically expressed in a determinate floral organ were identified. Pisum sativum ENDOTHECIUM 1 (PsEND1) is a pea anther-specific gene displaying very early expression in the anther primordium cells. This expression pattern has been assessed in both model plants and crops (tomato, tobacco, oilseed rape, rice, wheat) using genetic constructs carrying the PsEND1 promoter fused to the uidA reporter gene. This promoter fused to the barnase gene produces full anther ablation at early developmental stages, preventing the production of mature pollen grains in all plant species tested. Additional effects produced by the early anther ablation in the PsEND1::barnase-barstar plants, with interesting biotechnological applications, have also been described, such as redirection of resources to increase vegetative growth, reduction of the need for deadheading to extend the flowering period, or elimination of pollen allergens in ornamental plants (Kalanchoe, Pelargonium). Moreover, early anther ablation in transgenic PsEND1::barnase-barstar tomato plants promotes the developing of the ovaries into parthenocarpic fruits due to the absence of signals generated during the fertilization process and can be considered an efficient tool to promote fruit set and to produce seedless fruits. In legumes, the production of new hybrid cultivars will contribute to enhance yield and productivity by exploiting the hybrid vigor generated. The PsEND1::barnase-barstar construct could be also useful to generate parental lines in hybrid breeding approaches to produce new cultivars in different legume species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Pío Beltrán
- Department of Plant Development and Hormone Action, Biology and Biotechnology of Reproductive Development, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis A. Cañas
- Department of Plant Development and Hormone Action, Biology and Biotechnology of Reproductive Development, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
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Lora J, Yang X, Tucker MR. Establishing a framework for female germline initiation in the plant ovule. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2937-2949. [PMID: 31063548 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Female gametogenesis in flowering plants initiates in the ovule, where a single germline progenitor differentiates from a pool of somatic cells. Germline initiation is a fundamental prerequisite for seed development but is poorly understood at the molecular level due to the location of the cells deep within the flower. Studies in Arabidopsis have shown that regulators of germline development include transcription factors such as NOZZLE/SPOROCYTELESS and WUSCHEL, components of the RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway such as ARGONAUTE9 and RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6, and phytohormones such as auxin and cytokinin. These factors accumulate in a range of cell types from where they establish an environment to support germline differentiation. Recent studies provide fresh insight into the transition from somatic to germline identity, linking chromatin regulators, cell cycle genes, and novel mobile signals, capitalizing on cell type-specific methodologies in both dicot and monocot models. These findings are providing unique molecular and compositional insight into the mechanistic basis and evolutionary conservation of female germline development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Department of Subtropical Fruits, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Mathew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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Ning L, Wang H, Li D, Lin Z, Li Y, Zhao W, Chao H, Miao L, Li M. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Shaan2A Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Its Maintainer Line in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:252. [PMID: 30886625 PMCID: PMC6409359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines are widely used for hybrid production in Brassica napus. The Shaan2A CMS system is one of the most important in China and has been used for decades; however, the male sterility mechanism underlying Shaan2A CMS remains unknown. Here, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, combined with additional morphological observation, in the Shaan2A CMS. Sporogenous cells, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum could not be clearly distinguished in Shaan2A anthers. Furthermore, Shaan2A anther chloroplasts contained fewer starch grains than those in Shaan2B (a near-isogenic line of Shaan2A), and the lamella structure of chloroplasts in Shaan2A anther wall cells was obviously aberrant. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly related to carbon metabolism, lipid and flavonoid metabolism, and the mitochondrial electron transport/ATP synthesis pathway. Proteomic results showed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and genetic information processing pathways. Importantly, nine gene ontology categories associated with anther and pollen development were enriched among down-regulated DEGs at the young bud (YB) stage, including microsporogenesis, sporopollenin biosynthetic process, and tapetal layer development. Additionally, 464 down-regulated transcription factor (TF) genes were identified at the YB stage, including some related to early anther differentiation such as SPOROCYTELESS (SPL, also named NOZZLE, NZZ), DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1), MYB80 (formerly named MYB103), and ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS). These results suggested that the sterility gene in the Shaan2A mitochondrion might suppress expression of these TF genes in the nucleus, affecting early anther development. Finally, we constructed an interaction network of candidate proteins based on integrative analysis. The present study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of Shaan2A CMS in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Ning
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Dianrong Li
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyun Miao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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Tan C, Liu Z, Huang S, Feng H. Mapping of the male sterile mutant gene ftms in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis via BSR-Seq combined with whole-genome resequencing. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:355-370. [PMID: 30382313 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A male sterile mutant was created by 60Co γ-rays of microspores isolated from Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT'. A candidate gene for the male sterile trait was identified as Bra010198. Male sterility is used for hybrid seed production in Chinese cabbage. In this study, we derived a male sterile mutant (ftms) from Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT' by irradiating microspores with 60Co γ-rays and realized the rapid trait transformation from male fertility to sterility for creating valuable breeding materials. Genetic analysis indicated that the male sterile trait is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, ftms. Microspore development in mutant ftms was aborted at the tetrad stage and associated with severely retarded degeneration and vacuolation of tapetum. Using BSR-seq analysis, the candidate region for ftms was mapped on chromosome A05. A large F2 population was created, and the region was narrowed to approximately 1.7-Mb between markers Indel20 and Indel14 via linkage analysis. The recombination frequency was extremely suppressed because the region was located on the chromosome A05 centromere. Whole-genome resequencing of mutant ftms and wild-type 'FT' aligned only one nonsynonymous SNP to Bra010198; this gene is a homolog of Arabidopsis KNS4/UPEX1, which encodes a putative β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase that controls pollen exine development. Comparative sequencing verified the SNP position on the fifth exon of Bra010198 in mutant ftms. Further genotyping revealed that the male sterile phenotype was fully co-segregated with this SNP. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that Bra0101918 specifically expressed in stamen. The data presented herein suggested that Bra010198 is a strong candidate gene for ftms. Hence, we developed a male sterile line for potential application in breeding and expanded the knowledge about the molecular mechanism underlying male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Ding X, Zhang H, Ruan H, Li Y, Chen L, Wang T, Jin L, Li X, Yang S, Gai J. Exploration of miRNA-mediated fertility regulation network of cytoplasmic male sterility during flower bud development in soybean. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:22. [PMID: 30622860 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) plays an important role in the production of soybean hybrid seeds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding endogenous ~ 21 nt small RNAs that play crucial roles in flower and pollen development by targeting genes in plants. To dissect the function of miRNAs in soybean CMS, a total of 558 known miRNAs, 10 novel miRNAs, and 466 target genes were identified in flower buds of the soybean CMS line NJCMS1A and its restorer line NJCMS1C through small RNA sequencing and degradome analysis. In addition, miRNA-mediated editing events were also observed, and the two most frequently observed editing types (A → G and C → U) were validated by cloning and sequencing. And as the base editing occurred, some targets were filtered, such as gma-miR2118b-P6GT with Glyma.08G122000.2. Further integrated analysis of transcriptome and small RNA found some miRNAs and their targets' expression patterns showing a negative correlation, such as gma-miR156b/GmSPL9a and gma-miR4413b/GmPPR. Furthermore, opposite expression pattern was observed between gma-miR156b and GmSPL9 during early stage of flower bud development. Taken together, the regulatory network of gma-miR156b/GmSPL9 and gma-miR4413b/GmPPR with flower bud development in soybean CMS was developed. Most importantly, previous reports showed that these targets might be related to pollen development and male sterility, suggesting that both conserved and species-specific miRNAs might act as regulators of flower bud development in soybean CMS. These findings may provide a better understanding of the miRNA-mediated regulatory networks of CMS mechanisms in soybean.
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59
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Gasser CS, Skinner DJ. Development and evolution of the unique ovules of flowering plants. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 131:373-399. [PMID: 30612624 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovules are the precursors to seeds and as such are critical to plant propagation and food production. Mutant studies have led to the identification of numerous genes regulating ovule development. Genes encoding transcription factors have been shown to direct ovule spacing, ovule identity and integument formation. Particular co-regulators have now been associated with activities of some of these transcription factors, and other protein families including cell surface receptors have been shown to regulate ovule development. Hormone levels and transport, especially of auxin, have also been shown to play critical roles in ovule emergence and morphogenesis and to interact with the transcriptional regulators. Ovule diversification has been studied using orthologs of regulatory genes in divergent angiosperm groups. Combining modern genetic evidence with expanding knowledge of the fossil record illuminates the possible origin of the unique bitegmic ovules of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Gasser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Debra J Skinner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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60
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Verma N. Transcriptional regulation of anther development in Arabidopsis. Gene 2018; 689:202-209. [PMID: 30572098 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the current knowledge of transcription factors involved in Arabidopsis anther development. Anther development is a multistage process and controlled by a complex network of transcription factors acting in spatio/temporal manner. Molecular understanding of anther developmental pathway is critical from the perspective of controlling male fertility and hybrid generation. Generation of hybrid lines relies upon the effective mechanisms of controlling the process of pollen development and pollen release. Controlling any developmental program requires a good knowledge of regulatory pathways governing that developmental program. In a regulatory pathway, transcription factors represent an important link between the developmental program and response of genes to growth regulators and environmental signals. Therefore, identifying the entire cohort of anther specific transcription factors is an essential step towards the molecular understanding of regulatory networks involved in pollen formation and pollen release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.
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61
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Niu H, Liu X, Tong C, Wang H, Li S, Lu L, Pan Y, Zhang X, Weng Y, Li Z. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox1 gene of cucumber regulates reproductive organ development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5373-5387. [PMID: 30204887 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The WUSCHEL-related homeobox1 (WOX1) transcription factor plays an important role in lateral growth of plant organs; however, the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of reproductive development are largely unknown. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) has separate male and female flowers, facilitating the study of the role of WOX1 in stamen and carpel development. Here, we identified a mango fruit (mf) mutant in cucumber, which displayed multiple defects in flower growth as well as male and female sterility. Map-based cloning showed that Mf encodes a WOX1-type transcriptional regulator (CsWOX1), and that the mf mutant encodes a truncated protein lacking the conserved WUS box. Further analysis showed that elevated expression of CsWOX1 was responsible for the mutant phenotype in cucumber and Arabidopsis. Comparative transcriptome profiling revealed certain key players and CsWOX1-associated networks that regulate reproductive development. CsWOX1 directly interacts with cucumber SPOROCYTELESS (CsSPL), and many genes in the CsSPL-mediated pathway were down-regulated in plants with the mutant allele at the Mf locus. In addition, auxin distribution was affected in both male and female flowers of the mutant. Taking together, these data suggest that CsWOX1 may regulate early reproductive organ development and be involved in sporogenesis via the CsSPL-mediated pathway and/or modulate auxin signaling in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Tong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Li
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Horticulture College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Li Lu
- Departments of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yupeng Pan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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62
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Tang H, Song Y, Guo J, Wang J, Zhang L, Niu N, Ma S, Zhang G, Zhao H. Physiological and metabolome changes during anther development in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:18-32. [PMID: 30172190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This study used cytology, cytochemistry, and non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the distribution characteristic of polysaccharides, lipids, and all the metabolites present during five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther developmental stages to provide insights into wheat anther development. Anthers were collected from the tetrad through trinucleate stages, and 1.5% (w/v) acetocarmine and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining were used to confirm the developmental stage and visualize the nuclei, respectively. Polysaccharides and lipids were detected by staining with periodic acid-Schiff and Sudan Black B, respectively. The integrated optical density of the tapetum and microspores were calculated using IPP6.0 software. Furthermore, the metabolites were identified by gas chromatograph system coupled with a Pegasus HT time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS). The results indicated that the interior and exterior surface cells of anthers are orderly. Pollen was rich in numerous nutrient substances (e.g., lipids, insoluble carbohydrates, and others), and formed a normal sperm cell that contained three nuclei, i.e., one vegetative nuclei and two reproductive nuclei in the mature pollen. Semi-thin sectioning indicated that the tapetum cells degraded progressively from the tetrad to late uninucleate stage and disappeared from the bi-to trinucleate stages. Moreover, nutrient substances (lipids and insoluble carbohydrates) accumulated, were synthesized in the pollen, and gradually increased from the tetrad to trinucleate stages. Finally, the metabolomics results identified that 146 metabolites were present throughout the wheat anther developmental stages. Principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and metabolite-metabolite correlation revealed distinct dynamic changes in metabolites. The metabolism of organic acids, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, amines, polyols, and nucleotides were interrelated and involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis. Furthermore, their interactions were revealed using an integrated metabolic map, which indicated that the TCA cycle and glycolysis were very active during anther development to provide the required energy for anther and pollen development. Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of substance metabolism in wheat anthers and can be used for possible application by metabolic engineers for the improvement of cell characteristics or creating new compounds and molecular breeders in improving pollen fertility or creating the ideal male sterile line, to improve wheat yield per unit area to address global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Tang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yulong Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jialin Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Pérez-Martín F, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Pineda B, García-Sogo B, Olmo ID, de Dios Alché J, Egea I, Flores FB, Piñeiro M, Jarillo JA, Angosto T, Capel J, Moreno V, Lozano R. Developmental role of the tomato Mediator complex subunit MED18 in pollen ontogeny. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:300-315. [PMID: 30003619 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a crucial step in higher plants, which not only makes possible plant fertilization and seed formation, but also determines fruit quality and yield in crop species. Here, we reported a tomato T-DNA mutant, pollen deficient1 (pod1), characterized by an abnormal anther development and the lack of viable pollen formation, which led to the production of parthenocarpic fruits. Genomic analyses and the characterization of silencing lines proved that pod1 mutant phenotype relies on the tomato SlMED18 gene encoding the subunit 18 of Mediator multi-protein complex involved in RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The loss of SlMED18 function delayed tapetum degeneration, which resulted in deficient microspore development and scarce production of viable pollen. A detailed histological characterization of anther development proved that changes during microgametogenesis and a significant delay in tapetum degeneration are associated with a high proportion of degenerated cells and, hence, should be responsible for the low production of functional pollen grains. Expression of pollen marker genes indicated that SlMED18 is essential for the proper transcription of a subset of genes specifically required to pollen formation and fruit development, revealing a key role of SlMED18 in male gametogenesis of tomato. Additionally, SlMED18 is able to rescue developmental abnormalities of the Arabidopsis med18 mutant, indicating that most biological functions have been conserved in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pérez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando J Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Benito Pineda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña García-Sogo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Del Olmo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ-CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Egea
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B Flores
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Piñeiro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - José A Jarillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
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64
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Cui Y, Hu C, Zhu Y, Cheng K, Li X, Wei Z, Xue L, Lin F, Shi H, Yi J, Hou S, He K, Li J, Gou X. CIK Receptor Kinases Determine Cell Fate Specification during Early Anther Development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2383-2401. [PMID: 30201822 PMCID: PMC6241272 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate cell division and differentiation ensure normal anther development in angiosperms. BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1/2 (BAM1/2) and RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE2 (RPK2), two groups of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases, are required for early anther cell specification. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these two RLK-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we show that CLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASEs (CIKs), a group of novel coreceptor protein kinase-controlling stem cell homeostasis, play essential roles in BAM1/2- and RPK2-regulated early anther development in Arabidopsis thaliana The archesporial cells of cik1/2/3 triple and cik1/2/3/4 quadruple mutant anthers perform anticlinal division instead of periclinal division. Defective cell division and specification of the primary and inner secondary parietal cells occur in these mutant anthers. The disordered divisions and specifications of anther wall cells finally result in excess microsporocytes and a lack of one to three parietal cell layers in mutant anthers, resembling rpk2 or bam1/2 mutant anthers. Genetic and biochemical analyses indicate that CIKs function as coreceptors of BAM1/2 and RPK2 to regulate archesporial cell division and determine the specification of anther parietal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yafen Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaili Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhuoyun Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongyong Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kai He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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65
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Li Y, Min L, Zhang L, Hu Q, Wu Y, Li J, Xie S, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhu L. Promoters of Arabidopsis Casein kinase I-like 2 and 7 confer specific high-temperature response in anther. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:33-49. [PMID: 30145767 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE: (1) We systematically analyze the promoter activities of AtCKLs in various tissues; (2) AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 were expressed in early developmental anthers under high temperature (HT) conditions; (3) AtMYB24 may function as a positive regulator of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 expression under HT. High temperature (HT) can seriously impede plant growth and development, causing severe loss of crop production. In Arabidopsis, AtCKL genes show high similarity to GhCKI, a gene reported to disrupt tapetal programmed cell death in cotton. However, most of AtCKL genes are not well characterized. Here, we systematically analyzed the expression patterns of AtCKLs in various tissues. The expression of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 was induced in early anther development under HT, which is similar to the case of GhCKI. In silico analysis of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 promoters indicated that four types of transcription factors (TFs) (MADS, NAC, WRKY and R2R3-MYB) might bind to AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 promoters. Furthermore, three MADS, three NAC, one WRKY, and three R2R3-MYB TFs were up-regulated in stage 1-8 anthers and three R2R3-MYB TFs were up-regulated in stage 9-10 anthers under HT, implying the important roles of R2R3-MYB genes in the response of anthers to HT. Among the R2R3-MYB genes, AtMYB24 showed the similar expression as AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 in the anthers under HT. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter system assays verified that AtMYB24 could bind to AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 promoters and activate the expression of these two genes. In brief, this study provides the overall expression profiles of AtCKLs, useful information for unraveling the molecular mechanism of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 gene expression in early anther development under HT, and important clues for elucidating the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of CKI genes in plant anther under HT, which are critical to the reduction of crop yield loss resulting from HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sai Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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66
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Coen O, Magnani E. Seed coat thickness in the evolution of angiosperms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2509-2518. [PMID: 29730767 PMCID: PMC6003975 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The seed habit represents a remarkable evolutionary advance in plant sexual reproduction. Since the Paleozoic, seeds carry a seed coat that protects, nourishes and facilitates the dispersal of the fertilization product(s). The seed coat architecture evolved to adapt to different environments and reproductive strategies in part by modifying its thickness. Here, we review the great natural diversity observed in seed coat thickness among angiosperms and its molecular regulation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Coen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
- Ecole Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, bat 360, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Enrico Magnani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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67
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Guo J, Liu C, Wang P, Cheng Q, Sun L, Yang W, Shen H. The Aborted Microspores ( AMS)-Like Gene Is Required for Anther and Microspore Development in Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051341. [PMID: 29724052 PMCID: PMC5983743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. Although many genes associated with anther and pollen development have been identified, little is known about the mechanism of pollen abortion in pepper. Here, we identified and isolated two putative aborted microspore (AMS) isoforms from pepper flowers: CaAMS1 and CaAMS2. Sequence analysis showed that CaAMS2 was generated by retention of the fourth intron in CaAMS1 pre-mRNA. CaAMS1 encodes a putative protein with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain belonging to the MYC subfamily of bHLH transcription factors, and it is localized to the nucleus. Truncated CaAMS2-1 and CaAMS2-2 are produced by alternative splicing. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CaAMS (referred to CaAMS1 and CaAMS2-2) was preferentially expressed in stamens and its expression level gradually decreases with flower development. RNA in situ hybridization analysis showed that CaAMS is strongly expressed in the tapetum at the tetrad and uninucleate stages. Downregulation of CaAMS led to partial shortened filaments, shriveled, indehiscent stamens and abortive pollens in pepper flowers. Several genes involved in pollen exine formation were downregulated in defective CaAMS-silenced anthers. Thus, CaAMS seems to play an important role in pepper tapetum and pollen development by regulating a complex genetic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qing Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wencai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huolin Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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68
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Liu X, Ning K, Che G, Yan S, Han L, Gu R, Li Z, Weng Y, Zhang X. CsSPL functions as an adaptor between HD-ZIP III and CsWUS transcription factors regulating anther and ovule development in Cucumis sativus (cucumber). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:535-547. [PMID: 29474743 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anther and ovule genesis preconditions crop fertilization and fruit production; however, coordinative regulation of anther and ovule development and underlying molecular pathways remain largely elusive. Here, we found that SPOROCYTELESS (SPL)/NOZZLE (NZZ) expression was nearly abolished in a Cucumis sativus (cucumber) mutant with severely defective anther and ovule development. CsSPL was expressed specifically in the developing anthers and ovules. Knock-down of CsSPL reduced male and female fertility with malformed pollen and suppressed ovule development. Importantly, CsSPL directly interacted with CsWUS (WUSCHEL) in the nucellus and YABBY family genes in integuments, and positively regulated CsWUS expression, meanwhile the HD-ZIP III gene CsPHB (PHABULOSA), expressed specifically in the nucellus, promoted CsSPL expression by binding to the CsSPL promoter. Thus, CsSPL acts as an adaptor to link CsPHB and CsWUS functioning, underpinning a previously unidentified regulatory pathway orchestrating sex organ development in planta. In addition, auxin accumulation was reduced in the reproductive organs of CsSPL knock-down plants. Biochemical analyses further showed that CsSPL stimulated the expression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (CsARF3), and was positively regulated by CsARF13 during reproductive organ development, indicating sequential interactions of CsSPL with auxin signaling components in orchestrating anther and ovule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gen Che
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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69
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Ren L, Tang D, Zhao T, Zhang F, Liu C, Xue Z, Shi W, Du G, Shen Y, Li Y, Cheng Z. OsSPL regulates meiotic fate acquisition in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:789-803. [PMID: 29479720 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, the key step in sexual reproduction is successful acquisition of meiotic fate. However, the molecular mechanism determining meiotic fate remains largely unknown. Here, we report that OsSPOROCYTELESS (OsSPL) is critical for meiotic entry in rice (Oryza sativa). We performed a large-scale genetic screen of rice sterile mutants aimed to identify genes regulating meiotic entry and identified OsSPL using map-based cloning. We showed that meiosis-specific callose deposition, chromatin organization, and centromere-specific histone H3 loading were altered in the cells corresponding to pollen mother cells in Osspl anthers. Global transcriptome analysis showed that the enriched differentially expressed genes in Osspl were mainly related to redox status, meiotic process, and parietal cell development. OsSPL might form homodimers and interact with TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factor OsTCP5 via the SPL dimerization and TCP interaction domain. OsSPL also interacts with TPL (TOPLESS) corepressors, OsTPL2 and OsTPL3, via the EAR motif. Our results suggest that the OsSPL-mediated signaling pathway plays a crucial role in rice meiotic entry, which appears to be a conserved regulatory mechanism for meiotic fate acquisition in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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70
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Hamid R, Tomar RS, Marashi H, Shafaroudi SM, Golakiya BA, Mohsenpour M. Transcriptome profiling and cataloging differential gene expression in floral buds of fertile and sterile lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Gene 2018; 660:80-91. [PMID: 29577977 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility is maternally inherited trait in plants, characterized by failure to produce functional pollen during anther development. Anther development is modulated through the interaction of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In the present study, differential gene expression of floral buds at the sporogenous stage (SS) and microsporocyte stage (MS) between CGMS and its fertile maintainer line of cotton plants was studied. A total of 320 significantly differentially expressed genes, including 20 down-regulated and 37 up-regulated in CGMS comparing with its maintainer line at the SS stage, as well as and 89 down-regulated and 4 up-regulated in CGMS compared to the fertile line at MS stage. Comparing the two stages in the same line, there were 6 down-regulated differentially expressed genes only induced in CGMS and 9 up-regulated differentially expressed gene only induced in its maintainer. GO analysis revealed essential genes responsible for pollen development, and cytoskeleton category show differential expression between the fertile and CGMS lines. Validation studies by qRT-PCR shows concordance with RNA-seq result. A set of novel SSRs identified in this study can be used in evaluating genetic relationships among cultivars, QTL mapping, and marker-assisted breeding. We reported aberrant expression of genes related to pollen exine formation, and synthesis of pectin lyase, myosine heavy chain, tubulin, actin-beta, heat shock protein and myeloblastosis (MYB) protein as targets for CMS in cotton. The results of this study contribute to basic information for future screening of genes and identification of molecular portraits responsible for CMS as well as to elucidate molecular mechanisms that lead to CMS in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmieh Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rukam S Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Hassan Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Balaji A Golakiya
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
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Cai W, Zhang D. The role of receptor-like kinases in regulating plant male reproduction. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:77-87. [PMID: 29508076 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
RLKs in anther development. The cell-to-cell communication is essential for specifying different cell types during plant growth, development and adaption to the ever-changing environment. Plant male reproduction, in particular, requires the exquisitely synchronized development of different cell layers within the male tissue, the anther. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) belong to a large group of kinases localized on the cell surfaces, perceiving extracellular signals and thereafter regulating intracellular processes. Here we update the role of RLKs in early anther development by defining the cell fate and anther patterning, responding to the changing environment and controlling anther carbohydrate metabolism. We provide speculation of the poorly characterized ligands and substrates of these RLKs. The conserved and diversified aspects underlying the function of RLKs in anther development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguo Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
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72
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Heng S, Gao J, Wei C, Chen F, Li X, Wen J, Yi B, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T, Shen J. Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau cytoplasmic male sterility system and altered nuclear gene expression in Brassica juncea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:455-466. [PMID: 29301015 PMCID: PMC5853284 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genomes. In Brassica juncea, orf288 has been identified as a CMS-associated gene in the hau CMS line; however, neither the specific abortive stage nor the molecular function of the gene have been determined. We therefore characterized the hau CMS line, and found that defective mitochondria affect the development of archesporial cells during the L2 stage, leading to male sterility. The expression level of the orf288 transcript was higher in the male-sterility line than in the fertility-restorer line, although no significant differences were apparent at the protein level. The toxicity region of ORF288 was found to be located near the N-terminus and repressed growth of Escherichia coli. However, transgenic expression of different portions of ORF288 indicated that the region that causes male sterility resides between amino acids 73 and 288, the expression of which in E. coli did not result in growth inhibition. Transcriptome analysis revealed a wide range of genes involved in anther development and mitochondrial function that were differentially expressed in the hau CMS line. This study provides new insights into the hau CMS mechanism by which orf288 affects the fertility of Brassica juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Heng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xianwen Li
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Correspondence:
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73
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Heng S, Gao J, Wei C, Chen F, Li X, Wen J, Yi B, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T, Shen J. Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau cytoplasmic male sterility system and altered nuclear gene expression in Brassica juncea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018. [PMID: 29301015 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9s68p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genomes. In Brassica juncea, orf288 has been identified as a CMS-associated gene in the hau CMS line; however, neither the specific abortive stage nor the molecular function of the gene have been determined. We therefore characterized the hau CMS line, and found that defective mitochondria affect the development of archesporial cells during the L2 stage, leading to male sterility. The expression level of the orf288 transcript was higher in the male-sterility line than in the fertility-restorer line, although no significant differences were apparent at the protein level. The toxicity region of ORF288 was found to be located near the N-terminus and repressed growth of Escherichia coli. However, transgenic expression of different portions of ORF288 indicated that the region that causes male sterility resides between amino acids 73 and 288, the expression of which in E. coli did not result in growth inhibition. Transcriptome analysis revealed a wide range of genes involved in anther development and mitochondrial function that were differentially expressed in the hau CMS line. This study provides new insights into the hau CMS mechanism by which orf288 affects the fertility of Brassica juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Heng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xianwen Li
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Chen ZS, Liu XF, Wang DH, Chen R, Zhang XL, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Transcription Factor OsTGA10 Is a Target of the MADS Protein OsMADS8 and Is Required for Tapetum Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:819-835. [PMID: 29158333 PMCID: PMC5761795 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating regulatory components behind floral organ identity determination and tissue development. It remains unclear how organ identity proteins facilitate development of organ primordia into tissues with a determined identity, even though it has long been accepted that floral organ identity is genetically determined by interaction of identity genes according to the ABC model. Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing technique, we identified OsTGA10, encoding a bZIP transcription factor, as a target of the MADS box protein OsMADS8, which is annotated as an E-class organ identity protein. We characterized the function of OsTGA10 using genetic and molecular analyses. OsTGA10 was preferentially expressed during stamen development, and mutation of OsTGA10 resulted in male sterility. OsTGA10 was required for tapetum development and functioned by interacting with known tapetum genes. In addition, in ostga10 stamens, the hallmark cell wall thickening of the endothecium was defective. Our findings suggest that OsTGA10 plays a mediator role between organ identity determination and tapetum development in rice stamen development, between tapetum development and microspore development, and between various regulatory components required for tapetum development. Furthermore, the defective endothecium in ostga10 implies that cell wall thickening of endothecium is dependent on tapetum development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu-Nong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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75
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Lee SJ, Lee BH, Jung JH, Park SK, Song JT, Kim JH. GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR Specify Meristematic Cells of Gynoecia and Anthers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:717-729. [PMID: 29114079 PMCID: PMC5761776 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the biological roles of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) transcriptional complex in the development of gynoecia and anthers. There are nine GRFs and three GIFs in Arabidopsis, and seven GRFs are posttranscriptionally silenced by microRNA396 (miR396). We found that overexpression of MIR396 in the gif1 gif2 double mutant background (gif1 gif2 35S:MIR396) resulted in neither ovary nor pollen. Histological and molecular marker-based analyses revealed that the mutant gynoecial primordia failed to develop carpel margin meristems and mature flowers lacked the ovary, consisting only of the stigma, style, and replum-like tissues. The mutant anther primordia were not able to form the pluripotent archesporial cells that produce pollen mother cells and microsporangia. Multiple combinations of GRF mutations also displayed the same phenotypes, indicating that the GRF-GIF duo is required for the formation of those meristematic and pluripotent cells. Most GRF proteins are localized and abundant in those cells. We also found that the weak gynoecial defects of pinoid-3 (pid-3) mutants were remarkably exacerbated by gif1 gif2 double mutations and 35S:MIR396, so that none of the gynoecia produced by gif1 gif2 pid-3 and 35S:MIR396 pid-3 developed ovaries at all. Moreover, gif1 gif2 double mutations and 35S:MIR396 also acted synergistically with 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid in forming aberrant gynoecia. The results altogether suggest that the GRF-GIF duo regulates the meristematic and pluripotent competence of carpel margin meristems and the archesporial cell lineage and that this regulation is implemented in association with auxin action, ultimately conferring reproductive competence on Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Joo Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Jung
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoe Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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76
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Lora J, Herrero M, Tucker MR, Hormaza JI. The transition from somatic to germline identity shows conserved and specialized features during angiosperm evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:495-509. [PMID: 27878998 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
How and why specific plant cells adopt germline identity during ovule development has proved challenging to address, and the pathways that are active in the ovules of basal/early-divergent angiosperms possessing a multilayered nucellus are still unclear. Here, we compare megasporogenesis between two early-divergent angiosperms (Annona cherimola and Persea americana) and the evolutionarily derived Arabidopsis thaliana, studying the three-dimensional spatial position of the megaspore mother cell (MMC), the compositional details of the MMC wall and the location of PIN1 expression. Specific wall polymers distinguished the central position of the MMC and its meiotic products from surrounding tissues in early-divergent angiosperms, whereas, in A. thaliana, only callose (in mature MMCs) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) (in megaspores) distinguished the germline. However, PIN1 expression, which regulates polar auxin transport, was observed around the MMC in the single-layer nucellus of A. thaliana and in the multilayered nucellus of A. cherimola, or close to the MMC in P. americana. The data reveal a similar microenvironment in relation to auxin during megasporogenesis in all three species. However, the different wall polymers that mark MMC fate in early-divergent angiosperms may reflect a specific response to mechanical stress during differentiation, or the specific recruitment of polymers to sustain MMC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Department of Subtropical Fruits, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Herrero
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 13034, Zaragoza, 50080, Spain
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - José I Hormaza
- Department of Subtropical Fruits, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
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77
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Zhou X, Liu Z, Ji R, Feng H. Comparative transcript profiling of fertile and sterile flower buds from multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:967-990. [PMID: 28492984 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the underlying causes of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to pollen sterility between fertile and sterile flower buds. In this work, we verified the stages of sterility microscopically and then performed transcriptome analysis of mRNA isolated from fertile and sterile buds using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform sequencing. Approximately 80% of ~229 million high-quality paired-end reads were uniquely mapped to the reference genome. In sterile buds, 699 genes were significantly up-regulated and 4096 genes were down-regulated. Among the DEGs, 28 pollen cell wall-related genes, 54 transcription factor genes, 45 phytohormone-related genes, 20 anther and pollen-related genes, 212 specifically expressed transcripts, and 417 DEGs located on linkage group A07 were identified. Six transcription factor genes BrAMS, BrMS1, BrbHLH089, BrbHLH091, BrAtMYB103, and BrANAC025 were identified as putative sterility-related genes. The weak auxin signal that is regulated by BrABP1 may be one of the key factors causing pollen sterility observed here. Moreover, several significantly enriched GO terms such as "cell wall organization or biogenesis" (GO:0071554), "intrinsic to membrane" (GO:0031224), "integral to membrane" (GO:0016021), "hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds" (GO:0016788), and one significantly enriched pathway "starch and sucrose metabolism" (ath00500) were identified in this work. qRT-PCR, PCR, and in situ hybridization experiments validated our RNA-seq transcriptome analysis as accurate and reliable. This study will lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) that underly sterility and provide valuable information for studying multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in the Chinese cabbage line 'AB01'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqin Ji
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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78
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Rojas-Gracia P, Roque E, Medina M, Rochina M, Hamza R, Angarita-Díaz MP, Moreno V, Pérez-Martín F, Lozano R, Cañas L, Beltrán JP, Gómez-Mena C. The parthenocarpic hydra mutant reveals a new function for a SPOROCYTELESS-like gene in the control of fruit set in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1198-1212. [PMID: 28134991 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is an essential process to ensure successful sexual plant reproduction. The development of the flower into a fruit is actively repressed in the absence of pollination. However, some cultivars from a few species are able to develop seedless fruits overcoming the standard restriction of unpollinated ovaries to growth. We report here the identification of the tomato hydra mutant that produces seedless (parthenocarpic) fruits. Seedless fruit production in hydra plants is linked to the absence of both male and female sporocyte development. The HYDRA gene is therefore essential for the initiation of sporogenesis in tomato. Using positional cloning, virus-induced gene silencing and expression analysis experiments, we identified the HYDRA gene and demonstrated that it encodes the tomato orthologue of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ) of Arabidopsis. We found that the precocious growth of the ovary is associated with changes in the expression of genes involved in gibberellin (GA) metabolism. Our results support the conservation of the function of SPL-like genes in the control of sporogenesis in plants. Moreover, this study uncovers a new function for the tomato SlSPL/HYDRA gene in the control of fruit initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rojas-Gracia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Edelin Roque
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Mónica Medina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Maricruz Rochina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Rim Hamza
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - María Pilar Angarita-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Luis Cañas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - José Pío Beltrán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
| | - Concepción Gómez-Mena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edf. 8E. C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, 46011, Spain
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79
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Zhao F, Zheng YF, Zeng T, Sun R, Yang JY, Li Y, Ren DT, Ma H, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Phosphorylation of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE by the MPK3/6 Kinase Is Required for Anther Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:2265-2277. [PMID: 28209842 PMCID: PMC5373039 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Germ cells are indispensable carriers of genetic information from one generation to the next. In contrast to the well-understood process in animals, information on the mechanism of germ cell initiation in plants is very limited. SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE was previously identified as an essential regulator of diploid germ cell (archesporial cell) differentiation in the stamens and ovules of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although SPOROCYTELESS (SPL) transcription is activated by the floral organ identity regulator AGAMOUS and epigenetically regulated by SET DOMAIN GROUP2, little is known about the regulation of the SPL protein. Here, we report that the protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 can both interact with SPL in vitro and in vivo and can phosphorylate the SPL protein in vitro. In addition, phosphorylation of the SPL protein by MPK3/6 is required for SPL function in the Arabidopsis anther, as measured by its effect on archesporial cell differentiation. We further demonstrate that phosphorylation enhances SPL protein stability. This work not only uncovers the importance of SPL phosphorylation for its regulatory role in Arabidopsis anther development, but also supports the hypothesis that the regulation of precise spatiotemporal patterning of germ cell initiation and that differentiation is achieved progressively through multiple levels of regulation, including transcriptional and posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Ya-Feng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Ting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Ji-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Dong-Tao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.)
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.)
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
| | - Shu-Nong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., Y.-F.Z., T.Z., R.S., J.-Y.Y., Z.-H.X., S.-N.B.);
- The National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100871, China (F.Z., S.-N.B.);
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China (Y.L., D.-T.R.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China (H.M.)
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Mao Y, Botella JR, Zhu JK. Heritability of targeted gene modifications induced by plant-optimized CRISPR systems. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1075-1093. [PMID: 27677493 PMCID: PMC11107718 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Streptococcus-derived CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) system has emerged as a very powerful tool for targeted gene modifications in many living organisms including plants. Since the first application of this system for plant gene modification in 2013, this RNA-guided DNA endonuclease system has been extensively engineered to meet the requirements of functional genomics and crop trait improvement in a number of plant species. Given its short history, the emphasis of many studies has been the optimization of the technology to improve its reliability and efficiency to generate heritable gene modifications in plants. Here we review and analyze the features of customized CRISPR/Cas9 systems developed for plant genetic studies and crop breeding. We focus on two essential aspects: the heritability of gene modifications induced by CRISPR/Cas9 and the factors affecting its efficiency, and we provide strategies for future design of systems with improved activity and heritability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Mao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jose Ramon Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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81
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Sun M, Xu H, Zeng X, Zhao X. Automated numerical simulation of biological pattern formation based on visual feedback simulation framework. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172643. [PMID: 28225811 PMCID: PMC5321435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are various fantastic biological phenomena in biological pattern formation. Mathematical modeling using reaction-diffusion partial differential equation systems is employed to study the mechanism of pattern formation. However, model parameter selection is both difficult and time consuming. In this paper, a visual feedback simulation framework is proposed to calculate the parameters of a mathematical model automatically based on the basic principle of feedback control. In the simulation framework, the simulation results are visualized, and the image features are extracted as the system feedback. Then, the unknown model parameters are obtained by comparing the image features of the simulation image and the target biological pattern. Considering two typical applications, the visual feedback simulation framework is applied to fulfill pattern formation simulations for vascular mesenchymal cells and lung development. In the simulation framework, the spot, stripe, labyrinthine patterns of vascular mesenchymal cells, the normal branching pattern and the branching pattern lacking side branching for lung branching are obtained in a finite number of iterations. The simulation results indicate that it is easy to achieve the simulation targets, especially when the simulation patterns are sensitive to the model parameters. Moreover, this simulation framework can expand to other types of biological pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingjuan Zeng
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Tianjin, China
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82
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Zhou S, Zhang H, Li R, Hong Q, Li Y, Xia Q, Zhang W. Function Identification of the Nucleotides in Key cis-Element of DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 ( DYT1) Promoter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28261229 PMCID: PMC5313476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a core regulatory gene of the anther development, DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 (DYT1) was expressed in tapetum preferentially. Previous study had confirmed that a "CTCC" sequence within DYT1 promoter was indispensable for correct DYT1 expression. However, precise analysis on the function of each nucleotide of this sequence still lacks. Here we employed site mutation assay to identify the function roles of the nucleotides. As a result, the "T" and final "C" of "CTCC" were found essential for the temporal and spatial specificity of DYT1 expression, whereas the other two "C" nucleotides exhibited substitutable somewhat. The substitutes of two flanking nucleotides of "CTCC," however, hardly affected the normal promoter function, suggesting that the "CTCC" sequence as a whole did meet the standard of a canonical cis-element by definition. In addition, it was found that as short as 497 bp DYT1 promoter was sufficient for tissue-specific expression, while longer 505 bp DYT1 promoter sequence was sufficient for species-specific expression.
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83
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Huang S, Liu Z, Li C, Yao R, Li D, Hou L, Li X, Liu W, Feng H. Transcriptome Analysis of a Female-sterile Mutant ( fsm) in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:546. [PMID: 28443127 PMCID: PMC5385380 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Female-sterile mutants are ideal materials for studying pistil development in plants. Here, we identified a female-sterile mutant fsm in Chinese cabbage. This mutant, which exhibited stable inheritance, was derived from Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT' using a combination of isolated microspore culture and ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. Compared with the wild-type line 'FT,' the fsm plants exhibited pistil abortion, and floral organs were also relatively smaller. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of fsm is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Morphological observations revealed that the presence of abnormal ovules in fsm likely influenced normal fertilization process, ultimately leading to female sterility. Comparative transcriptome analysis on the flower buds of 'FT' and fsm using RNA-Seq revealed a total of 1,872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Of these, a number of genes involved in pistil development were identified, such as PRETTY FEW SEEDS 2 (PFS2), temperature-induced lipocalin (TIL), AGAMOUS-LIKE (AGL), and HECATE (HEC). Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs suggested that a variety of biological processes and metabolic pathways are significantly enriched during pistil development. In addition, the expression patterns of 16 DEGs, including four pistil development-related genes and 12 floral organ development-related genes, were analyzed using qRT-PCR. A total of 31,272 single nucleotide polymorphisms were specifically detected in fsm. These results contribute to shed light on the regulatory mechanisms underlying pistil development in Chinese cabbage.
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84
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Thomson B, Zheng B, Wellmer F. Floral Organogenesis: When Knowing Your ABCs Is Not Enough. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:56-64. [PMID: 27789738 PMCID: PMC5210729 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of new experimental approaches enhances the understanding of floral organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Thomson
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Frank Wellmer
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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85
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Hao S, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. SEXUAL STERILITY is Essential for Both Male and Female Gametogenesis in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:22-34. [PMID: 28082517 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gametogenesis is a key step in the production of ovules or pollen in higher plants. The molecular aspects of gametogenesis are well characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis; however, little information is known in tomato, which is a model plant for fleshy fruit development. In this study, we characterized a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) γ-ray mutant, sexual sterility (Slses), that exhibited both male and female sterility. Morphological analysis revealed that the Slses mutant forms incomplete ovules and wilted anthers devoid of pollen grains at the anthesis stage. Genetic and next-generation sequencing analyses revealed that the Slses mutant carried a 13 bp deletion within the first exon of a homolog of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ), which plays an important role in gametogenesis in Arabidopsis. Complementation analysis in which the complete SlSES genomic region was introduced into the Slses mutant fully restored normal phenotypes, demonstrating that Solyc07g063670 is responsible for the Slses mutation. SlSES probably act as a transcriptional repressor because of an EAR motif at the C-terminal region. Gene expression levels of WUSCHEL (SlWUS) and INNER NO OUTER (SlINO), both of which are required for ovule development, were dramatically reduced in the early stages of pistil development in the Slses mutant, suggesting a positive regulatory role for SlSES in the transcription of gametogenesis genes and differences in the regulation of INO (SlINO) and integument development by SPL/NZZ (SLSES) between Arabidopsis and tomato. Taken together, our results indicate that SlSES is a novel tomato gametogenesis gene essential for both male and female gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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86
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Huang J, Zhang T, Linstroth L, Tillman Z, Otegui MS, Owen HA, Zhao D. Control of Anther Cell Differentiation by the Small Protein Ligand TPD1 and Its Receptor EMS1 in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006147. [PMID: 27537183 PMCID: PMC4990239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental feature of sexual reproduction in plants and animals is the specification of reproductive cells that conduct meiosis to form gametes, and the associated somatic cells that provide nutrition and developmental cues to ensure successful gamete production. The anther, which is the male reproductive organ in seed plants, produces reproductive microsporocytes (pollen mother cells) and surrounding somatic cells. The microsporocytes yield pollen via meiosis, and the somatic cells, particularly the tapetum, are required for the normal development of pollen. It is not known how the reproductive cells affect the differentiation of these somatic cells, and vice versa. Here, we use molecular genetics, cell biological, and biochemical approaches to demonstrate that TPD1 (TAPETUM DETERMINANT1) is a small secreted cysteine-rich protein ligand that interacts with the LRR (Leucine-Rich Repeat) domain of the EMS1 (EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1) receptor kinase at two sites. Analyses of the expressions and localizations of TPD1 and EMS1, ectopic expression of TPD1, experimental missorting of TPD1, and ablation of microsporocytes yielded results suggesting that the precursors of microsporocyte/microsporocyte-derived TPD1 and pre-tapetal-cell-localized EMS1 initially promote the periclinal division of secondary parietal cells and then determine one of the two daughter cells as a functional tapetal cell. Our results also indicate that tapetal cells suppress microsporocyte proliferation. Collectively, our findings show that tapetal cell differentiation requires reproductive-cell-secreted TPD1, illuminating a novel mechanism whereby signals from reproductive cells determine somatic cell fate in plant sexual reproduction. The differentiation of distinct somatic and reproductive cells in flowers is required for the successful sexual reproduction of plants. The anther produces reproductive microsporocytes (pollen mother cells) that give rise to pollen (male gametophytes), as well as surrounding somatic cells (particularly the tapetal cells) that support the normal development of pollen. In animals, signals from somatic cells are known to influence reproductive cell fate determination, and vice versa. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic and reproductive cell fate determination in plants. In this paper, we demonstrate that TPD1 (TAPETUM DETERMINANT1) is processed into a small secreted cysteine-rich protein ligand for the EMS1 (EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1) leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK). TPD1 is secreted from reproductive cells to the plasma membrane of somatic cells, where activated TPD1-EMS1 signaling first promotes periclinal cell division and then determines tapetal cell fate. Moreover, tapetal cells suppress microsporocyte proliferation. Our findings illuminate a novel mechanism by which reproductive cells determine somatic cell fate, and somatic cells in turn limit reproductive cell proliferation. Plants extensively employ LRR-RLKs to control growth, development, and defense. Our identification of TPD1 as the first small protein ligand for all LRR-RLKs characterized to date will provide a valuable system for studying how small protein ligands activate LRR-RLK signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lisa Linstroth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zachary Tillman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marisa S. Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Owen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dazhong Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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87
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Li Q, Huo Q, Wang J, Zhao J, Sun K, He C. Expression of B-class MADS-box genes in response to variations in photoperiod is associated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development in Viola philippica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:151. [PMID: 27388887 PMCID: PMC4936093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some plants develop a breeding system that produces both chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) flowers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. RESULTS In the present study, we observed that Viola philippica develops CH flowers with short daylight, whereas an extended photoperiod induces the formation of intermediate CL and CL flowers. In response to long daylight, the respective number and size of petals and stamens was lower and smaller than those of normally developed CH flowers, and a minimum of 14-h light induced complete CL flowers that had no petals but developed two stamens of reduced fertility. The floral ABC model indicates that B-class MADS-box genes largely influence the development of the affected two-whorl floral organs; therefore, we focused on characterizing these genes in V. philippica to understand this particular developmental transition. Three such genes were isolated and respectively designated as VpTM6-1, VpTM6-2, and VpPI. These were differentially expressed during floral development (particularly in petals and stamens) and the highest level of expression was observed in CH flowers; significantly low levels were detected in intermediate CL flowers, and the lowest level in CL flowers. The observed variations in the levels of expression after floral induction and organogenesis apparently occurred in response to variations in photoperiod. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, inhibition of the development of petals and stamens might be due to the downregulation of B-class MADS-box gene expression by long daylight, thereby inducing the generation of CL flowers. Our work contributes to the understanding of the adaptive evolutionary formation of dimorphic flowers in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Li
- />Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Qingdi Huo
- />Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Juan Wang
- />Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Jing Zhao
- />Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu China
- />State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Kun Sun
- />Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Chaoying He
- />State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan 100093 Beijing, China
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88
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Yang L, Qian X, Chen M, Fei Q, Meyers BC, Liang W, Zhang D. Regulatory Role of a Receptor-Like Kinase in Specifying Anther Cell Identity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2085-100. [PMID: 27208278 PMCID: PMC4936546 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, sequential formation of anther cell types is a highly ordered process that is essential for successful meiosis and sexual reproduction. Differentiation of meristematic cells and cell-cell communication are proposed to coordinate anther development. Among the proposed mechanisms of cell fate specification are cell surface-localized Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) and their putative ligands. Here, we present the genetic and biochemical evidence that a rice (Oryza sativa) LRR-RLK, MSP1 (MULTIPLE SPOROCYTE1), interacts with its ligand OsTDL1A (TPD1-like 1A), specifying the cell identity of anther wall layers and microsporocytes. An in vitro assay indicates that the 21-amino acid peptide of OsTDL1A has a physical interaction with the LRR domain of MSP1. The ostdl1a msp1 double mutant showed the defect in lacking middle layers and tapetal cells and having an increased number of microsporocytes similar to the ostdl1a or msp1 single mutant, indicating the same pathway of OsTDL1A-MSP1 in regulating anther development. Genome-wide expression profiles showed the altered expression of genes encoding transcription factors, particularly basic helix-loop-helix and basic leucine zipper domain transcription factors in ostdl1a and msp1 Among these reduced expressed genes, one putatively encodes a TGA (TGACGTCA cis-element-binding protein) factor OsTGA10, and another one encodes a plant-specific CC-type glutaredoxin OsGrx_I1. OsTGA10 was shown to interact with OsGrx_I1, suggesting that OsTDL1A-MSP1 signaling specifies anther cell fate directly or indirectly affecting redox status. Collectively, these data point to a central role of the OsTDL1A-MSP1 signaling pathway in specifying somatic cell identity and suppressing overproliferation of archesporial cells in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Y., X.Q., M.C., W.L., D.Z.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (Q.F., B.C.M.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (B.C.M.); Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian 223300, China (W.L., D.Z.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaoling Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Y., X.Q., M.C., W.L., D.Z.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (Q.F., B.C.M.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (B.C.M.); Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian 223300, China (W.L., D.Z.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Y., X.Q., M.C., W.L., D.Z.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (Q.F., B.C.M.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (B.C.M.); Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian 223300, China (W.L., D.Z.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Qili Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Y., X.Q., M.C., W.L., D.Z.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (Q.F., B.C.M.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (B.C.M.); Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian 223300, China (W.L., D.Z.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Blake C Meyers
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Y., X.Q., M.C., W.L., D.Z.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (Q.F., B.C.M.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (B.C.M.); Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian 223300, China (W.L., D.Z.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Y., X.Q., M.C., W.L., D.Z.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (Q.F., B.C.M.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (B.C.M.); Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian 223300, China (W.L., D.Z.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (L.Y., X.Q., M.C., W.L., D.Z.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (Q.F., B.C.M.); Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (B.C.M.); Key Laboratory of Crop Marker-Assisted Breeding of Huaian Municipality, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaian 223300, China (W.L., D.Z.); and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
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89
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Walbot V, Egger RL. Pre-Meiotic Anther Development: Cell Fate Specification and Differentiation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:365-95. [PMID: 26735065 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Research into anther ontogeny has been an active and developing field, transitioning from a strictly lineage-based view of cellular differentiation events to a more complex understanding of cell fate specification. Here we describe the modern interpretation of pre-meiotic anther development, from the earliest cell specifications within the anther lobes through SPL/NZZ-, MSP1-, and MEL1-dependent pathways as well as the initial setup of the abaxial and adaxial axes and outgrowth of the anther lobes. We then continue with a look at the known information regarding further differentiation of the somatic layers of the anther (the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum), with an emphasis on male-sterile mutants identified as defective in somatic cell specification. We also describe the differences in developmental stages among species and use this information to discuss molecular studies that have analyzed transcriptome, proteome, and small-RNA information in the anther.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Walbot
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020; ,
| | - Rachel L Egger
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020; ,
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90
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Figueiredo DD, Köhler C. Bridging the generation gap: communication between maternal sporophyte, female gametophyte and fertilization products. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:16-20. [PMID: 26658334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In seed plants, as in placental animals, gamete formation and zygotic development take place within the parental tissues. To ensure timely onset and to coordinate the development of the new generation, communication between the parent plant with the filial tissues and its precursors is of utmost importance. During female gametogenesis the maternal tissues tightly regulate megagametophyte formation and the interplay between the sporophyte and the fertilization products, embryo and endosperm, has major implications in the formation of a viable seed. We review the current knowledge on these interactions and highlight the many questions that still remain unanswered, in particular the nature of the pathways involved in these signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte D Figueiredo
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.
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91
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Qu C, Fu F, Liu M, Zhao H, Liu C, Li J, Tang Z, Xu X, Qiu X, Wang R, Lu K. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Recessive Male Sterility (RGMS) in Sterile and Fertile Brassica napus Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144118. [PMID: 26656530 PMCID: PMC4675519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recessive genetic male sterility (RGMS) system plays a key role in the production of hybrid varieties in self-pollinating B. napus plants, and prevents negative cytoplasmic effects. However, the complete molecular mechanism of the male sterility during male-gametogenesis in RGMS remains to be determined. To identify transcriptomic changes that occur during the transition to male sterility in RGMS, we examined the male sterile line WSLA and male fertile line WSLB, which are near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing only in the fertility trait. We evaluated the phenotypic features and sterility stage using anatomical analysis. Comparative RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 3,199 genes were differentially expressed between WSLA and WSLB. Many of these genes are mainly involved in biological processes related to flowering, including pollen tube development and growth, pollen wall assembly and modification, and pollen exine formation and pollination. The transcript profiles of 93 genes associated with pollen wall and anther development were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in different flower parts, and classified into the following three major clades: 1) up-regulated in WSLA plants; 2) down-regulated in WSLA plants; and 3) down-regulated in buds, but have a higher expression in stigmas of WSLA than in WSLB. A subset of genes associated with sporopollenin accumulation were all up-regulated in WSLA. An excess of sporopollenin results in defective pollen wall formation, which leads to male sterility in WSLA. Some of the genes identified in this study are candidates for future research, as they could provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying RGMS in WSLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Food and Bioproduct science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Fuyou Fu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, S7N 02X, Saskatoon SK, Canada
| | - Miao Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhanglin Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Food and Bioproduct science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
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92
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Transcriptome profiling of differentially expressed genes in floral buds and flowers of male sterile and fertile lines in watermelon. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:914. [PMID: 26552448 PMCID: PMC4640349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male sterility is an important mechanism for the production of hybrid seeds in watermelon. Although fruit development has been studied extensively in watermelon, there are no reports on gene expression in floral organs. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in two near-isogenic watermelon lines (genic male sterile [GMS] line, DAH3615-MS and male fertile line, DAH3615) to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to male sterility. Results DEG analysis showed that 1259 genes were significantly associated with male sterility at a FDR P-value of < 0.01. Most of these genes were only expressed in the male fertile line. In addition, 11 functional clusters were identified using DAVID functional classification analysis. Of detected genes in RNA-seq analysis, 19 were successfully validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusions In this study, we carried out a comprehensive floral transcriptome sequence comparison of a male fertile line and its near-isogenic male sterile line in watermelon. This analysis revealed essential genes responsible for stamen development, including pollen development and pollen tube elongation, and allowed their functional classification. These results provided new information on global mechanisms related to male sterility in watermelon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2186-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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93
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Gómez JF, Talle B, Wilson ZA. Anther and pollen development: A conserved developmental pathway. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:876-91. [PMID: 26310290 PMCID: PMC4794635 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for hybrid breeding and increased crop yield. However, although there is a good understanding developing of the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen anther development in model species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known about the equivalent processes in important crops. Nevertheless the onset of increased genomic information and genetic tools is facilitating translation of information from the models to crops, such as barley and wheat; this will enable increased understanding and manipulation of these pathways for agricultural improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández Gómez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Behzad Talle
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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94
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Shumin Z, Yan C, Hulin S, Bang Z, Licheng S, Wei Z. One novel cis-element is essential for correct DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1773-1780. [PMID: 26134855 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the function of DYT1 promoter, found the important sectors controlling specific expression of DYT1 , and identified a new cis -element for further investigation of DYT1 upstream genes. DYT1 is a core regulatory gene for tapetum development in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the mechanism leading to DYT1 tapetum-preferential expression is still unknown up to date. Here we employed promoter truncation and deletion assay to identify a 'CTCC' cis-element, which was essential for correct DYT1 expression within DYT1 promoter region. Through comparing truncated DYT1 promoter-driven GFP expression, the -481 to -513 bp region from the start point of transcription (SPT) of DYT1 was found indispensable for proper DYT1 expression. Further deletion assay around this region revealed that an approximate -468 bp 'CTCC' sequence deletion abolished normal DYT1 expression completely. Bioinformatics assay suggested that this 'CTCC' motif was potentially a novel DNA-recognition sequence, providing new clue for investigating relationship between DYT1 and its upstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Shumin
- Lab of Plant Development Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Lab of Plant Development Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Hulin
- Lab of Plant Development Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Bang
- Lab of Plant Development Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Licheng
- Lab of Plant Development Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Wei
- Lab of Plant Development Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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95
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Zhu E, You C, Wang S, Cui J, Niu B, Wang Y, Qi J, Ma H, Chang F. The DYT1-interacting proteins bHLH010, bHLH089 and bHLH091 are redundantly required for Arabidopsis anther development and transcriptome. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:976-990. [PMID: 26216374 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The anther is the male reproductive organ of flowering plants, and the Arabidopsis bHLH transcription factors encoded by DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 (DYT1) and ABORTED MICROSPORE (AMS) are required for control of the complex transcriptional networks regulating anther development. Knowledge of the mechanisms by which the bHLH proteins affect this diverse gene expression is quite limited. We examine here three recently duplicated Arabidopsis bHLH genes, bHLH010, bHLH089 and bHLH091, using evolutionary, genetic, morphological and transcriptomic approaches, and uncover their redundant functions in anther development. These three genes are relatively highly expressed in the tapetum of the Arabidopsis anther; single mutants at each of the bHLH010, bHLH089 and bHLH091 loci are developmentally normal, but the various double and triple combinations progressively exhibit increasingly defective anther phenotypes (abnormal tapetum morphology, delayed callose degeneration, and aborted pollen development), indicating their redundant functions in male fertility. Further transcriptomic and molecular analyses suggest that these three proteins act slightly later than DYT1, and also form protein complexes with DYT1, subsequently affecting the correct expression of many DYT1 target genes in the anther development transcriptional network. This study demonstrated that bHLH010, bHLH089 and bHLH091 together are important for the normal transcriptome of the developing Arabidopsis anther, possibly by forming a feed-forward loop with DYT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenjiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Baixiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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96
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Robert HS, Crhak Khaitova L, Mroue S, Benková E. The importance of localized auxin production for morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5029-42. [PMID: 26019252 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant sexual reproduction involves highly structured and specialized organs: stamens (male) and gynoecia (female, containing ovules). These organs synchronously develop within protective flower buds, until anthesis, via tightly coordinated mechanisms that are essential for effective fertilization and production of viable seeds. The phytohormone auxin is one of the key endogenous signalling molecules controlling initiation and development of these, and other, plant organs. In particular, its uneven distribution, resulting from tightly controlled production, metabolism and directional transport, is an important morphogenic factor. In this review we discuss how developmentally controlled and localized auxin biosynthesis and transport contribute to the coordinated development of plants' reproductive organs, and their fertilized derivatives (embryos) via the regulation of auxin levels and distribution within and around them. Current understanding of the links between de novo local auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and/or signalling is presented to highlight the importance of the non-cell autonomous action of auxin production on development and morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos. An overview of transcription factor families, which spatiotemporally define local auxin production by controlling key auxin biosynthetic enzymes, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Crhak Khaitova
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Souad Mroue
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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97
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Ryan PT, Ó'Maoiléidigh DS, Drost HG, Kwaśniewska K, Gabel A, Grosse I, Graciet E, Quint M, Wellmer F. Patterns of gene expression during Arabidopsis flower development from the time of initiation to maturation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:488. [PMID: 26126740 PMCID: PMC4488132 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The formation of flowers is one of the main model systems to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that control developmental processes in plants. Although several studies have explored gene expression during flower development in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana on a genome-wide scale, a continuous series of expression data from the earliest floral stages until maturation has been lacking. Here, we used a floral induction system to close this information gap and to generate a reference dataset for stage-specific gene expression during flower formation. Results Using a floral induction system, we collected floral buds at 14 different stages from the time of initiation until maturation. Using whole-genome microarray analysis, we identified 7,405 genes that exhibit rapid expression changes during flower development. These genes comprise many known floral regulators and we found that the expression profiles for these regulators match their known expression patterns, thus validating the dataset. We analyzed groups of co-expressed genes for over-represented cellular and developmental functions through Gene Ontology analysis and found that they could be assigned specific patterns of activities, which are in agreement with the progression of flower development. Furthermore, by mapping binding sites of floral organ identity factors onto our dataset, we were able to identify gene groups that are likely predominantly under control of these transcriptional regulators. We further found that the distribution of paralogs among groups of co-expressed genes varies considerably, with genes expressed predominantly at early and intermediate stages of flower development showing the highest proportion of such genes. Conclusions Our results highlight and describe the dynamic expression changes undergone by a large number of genes during flower development. They further provide a comprehensive reference dataset for temporal gene expression during flower formation and we demonstrate that it can be used to integrate data from other genomics approaches such as genome-wide localization studies of transcription factor binding sites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1699-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Ryan
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid S Ó'Maoiléidigh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Present address: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hajk-Georg Drost
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Alexander Gabel
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ivo Grosse
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Graciet
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Marcel Quint
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Frank Wellmer
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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98
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Bianchi VJ, Rubio M, Trainotti L, Verde I, Bonghi C, Martínez-Gómez P. Prunus transcription factors: breeding perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:443. [PMID: 26124770 PMCID: PMC4464204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plant processes depend on differential gene expression, which is generally controlled by complex proteins called transcription factors (TFs). In peach, 1533 TFs have been identified, accounting for about 5.5% of the 27,852 protein-coding genes. These TFs are the reference for the rest of the Prunus species. TF studies in Prunus have been performed on the gene expression analysis of different agronomic traits, including control of the flowering process, fruit quality, and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. These studies, using quantitative RT-PCR, have mainly been performed in peach, and to a lesser extent in other species, including almond, apricot, black cherry, Fuji cherry, Japanese apricot, plum, and sour and sweet cherry. Other tools have also been used in TF studies, including cDNA-AFLP, LC-ESI-MS, RNA, and DNA blotting or mapping. More recently, new tools assayed include microarray and high-throughput DNA sequencing (DNA-Seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). New functional genomics opportunities include genome resequencing and the well-known synteny among Prunus genomes and transcriptomes. These new functional studies should be applied in breeding programs in the development of molecular markers. With the genome sequences available, some strategies that have been used in model systems (such as SNP genotyping assays and genotyping-by-sequencing) may be applicable in the functional analysis of Prunus TFs as well. In addition, the knowledge of the gene functions and position in the peach reference genome of the TFs represents an additional advantage. These facts could greatly facilitate the isolation of genes via QTL (quantitative trait loci) map-based cloning in the different Prunus species, following the association of these TFs with the identified QTLs using the peach reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmor J. Bianchi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de PelotasPelotas-RS, Brazil
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | | | - Ignazio Verde
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) - Centro di ricerca per la frutticolturaRoma, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, and Environment (DAFNAE). University of PaduaPadova, Italy
| | - Pedro Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
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99
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Huang Q, Dresselhaus T, Gu H, Qu LJ. Active role of small peptides in Arabidopsis reproduction: Expression evidence. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:518-21. [PMID: 25828584 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Chawla A, Stobdan T, Srivastava RB, Jaiswal V, Chauhan RS, Kant A. Sex-Biased Temporal Gene Expression in Male and Female Floral Buds of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124890. [PMID: 25915052 PMCID: PMC4410991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabuckthorn is an economically important dioecious plant in which mechanism of sex determination is unknown. The study was conducted to identify seabuckthorn homologous genes involved in floral development which may have role in sex determination. Forty four putative Genes involved in sex determination (GISD) reported in model plants were shortlisted from literature survey, and twenty nine seabuckthorn homologous sequences were identified from available seabuckthorn genomic resources. Of these, 21 genes were found to differentially express in either male or female flower bud stages. HrCRY2 was significantly expressed in female flower buds only while HrCO had significant expression in male flowers only. Among the three male and female floral development stages (FDS), male stage II had significant expression of most of the GISD. Information on these sex-specific expressed genes will help in elucidating sex determination mechanism in seabuckthorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Chawla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Tsering Stobdan
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence R & D Organisation, Leh, Jammu, and Kashmir, India
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence R & D Organisation, Leh, Jammu, and Kashmir, India
| | - Varun Jaiswal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Rajinder S. Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Anil Kant
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
- * E-mail:
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