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Oshimori N. Cancer stem cells and their niche in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3985-3992. [PMID: 32888236 PMCID: PMC7648029 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancers harbor a small population of highly tumorigenic cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Because of their stem cell-like properties and resistance to conventional therapies, CSCs are considered to be a rational target for curable cancer treatment. However, despite recent advances in CSC research, CSC-targeted therapies are not as successful as was initially hoped. The proliferative, invasive, and drug-resistant properties of CSCs are regulated by the tumor microenvironment associated with them, the so-called CSC niche. Thus, targeting tumor-promoting cellular crosstalk between CSCs and their niches is an attractive avenue for developing durable therapies. Using mouse models of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we have demonstrated that tumor cells responding to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) function as drug-resistant CSCs. The gene expression signature of TGF-β-responding tumor cells has accelerated the identification of novel pathways that drive invasive tumor progression. Moreover, by focusing on the cytokine milieu and macrophages in the proximity of TGF-β-responding tumor cells, we recently uncovered the molecular basis of a CSC-niche interaction that emerges during early tumor development. This review article summarizes the specialized tumor microenvironment associated with CSCs and discusses mechanisms by which malignant properties of CSCs are maintained and promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Zhang X, Chen W, Zeng P, Xu J, Diao H. The Contradictory Role of Interleukin-33 in Immune Cells and Tumor Immunity. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7527-7537. [PMID: 32904627 PMCID: PMC7457384 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s262745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and is a crucial cytokine playing the role of a dual-function molecule. IL-33 mediates its function by interacting with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), which is constitutively expressed on T helper (Th)1 cells, Th2 cells, and other immune cells. Previously, we summarized findings on IL-33 and performed an intensive study of the correlation between IL-33 and tumor. IL-33 enables anti-tumor immune responses through Th1 cells and natural killer (NK) cells and plays a role in tumor immune escape in cancers via Th2 cells and regulatory T cells. Herein, we discuss the contradictory role of IL-33 in immune cells in different cancer, and our summaries may be helpful for better understanding of the development of research on IL-33 and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
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53
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Aparicio-Domingo P, Cannelle H, Buechler MB, Nguyen S, Kallert SM, Favre S, Alouche N, Papazian N, Ludewig B, Cupedo T, Pinschewer DD, Turley SJ, Luther SA. Fibroblast-derived IL-33 is dispensable for lymph node homeostasis but critical for CD8 T-cell responses to acute and chronic viral infection. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:76-90. [PMID: 32700362 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon viral infection, stressed or damaged cells can release alarmins like IL-33 that act as endogenous danger signals alerting innate and adaptive immune cells. IL-33 coming from nonhematopoietic cells has been identified as important factor triggering the expansion of antiviral CD8+ T cells. In LN the critical cellular source of IL-33 is unknown, as is its potential cell-intrinsic function as a chromatin-associated factor. Using IL-33-GFP reporter mice, we identify fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) as the main IL-33 source. In homeostasis, IL-33 is dispensable as a transcriptional regulator in FRC, indicating it functions mainly as released cytokine. Early during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13, both FRC and LEC lose IL-33 protein expression suggesting cytokine release, correlating timewise with IL-33 receptor expression by reactive CD8+ T cells and their greatly augmented expansion in WT versus ll33-/- mice. Using mice lacking IL-33 selectively in FRC versus LEC, we identify FRC as key IL-33 source driving acute and chronic antiviral T-cell responses. Collectively, these findings show that LN T-zone FRC not only regulate the homeostasis of naïve T cells but also their expansion and differentiation several days into an antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Cannelle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sylvain Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sandra M Kallert
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Favre
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nagham Alouche
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Papazian
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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54
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Gugliandolo E, Palma E, Cordaro M, D'Amico R, Peritore AF, Licata P, Crupi R. Canine atopic dermatitis: Role of luteolin as new natural treatment. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:926-932. [PMID: 32741111 PMCID: PMC7738746 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Luteolin has been demonstrated to possess numerous biological effects. However, the effect of luteolin on LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) stimulation in CPEK cells has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives An in vitro model of atopic canine dermatitis was used to identify the antioxidant effect of luteolin as a new treatment that is capable of improving the conditions of veterinary patients. Methods CPEK cells were treated with or without luteolin in the presence or absence of LPS. A cell viability assay was performed to test luteolin toxicity and the protective effect of luteolin after LPS stimulation. Additionally, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the levels of IL‐33, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8. Results Luteolin was capable to significantly decrease levels expression of IL‐33, IL 1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8. Conclusions and clinical importance Luteolin could be a new pharmacological treatment for canine atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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55
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Taniguchi S, Elhance A, Van Duzer A, Kumar S, Leitenberger JJ, Oshimori N. Tumor-initiating cells establish an IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loop to promote cancer progression. Science 2020; 369:eaay1813. [PMID: 32675345 PMCID: PMC10870826 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the cross-talk between tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and the niche microenvironment is an attractive avenue for cancer therapy. We show here, using a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma, that TICs play a crucial role in creating a niche microenvironment that is required for tumor progression and drug resistance. Antioxidant activity in TICs, mediated by the transcription factor NRF2, facilitates the release of a nuclear cytokine, interleukin-33 (IL-33). This cytokine promotes differentiation of macrophages that express the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor FcεRIα and are in close proximity to TICs. In turn, these IL-33-responding FcεRIα+ macrophages send paracrine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals to TICs, inducing invasive and drug-resistant properties and further upregulating IL-33 expression. This TIC-driven, IL-33-TGF-β feedforward loop could potentially be exploited for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Taniguchi
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Avery Van Duzer
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Justin J Leitenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Eissmann MF, Buchert M, Ernst M. IL33 and Mast Cells-The Key Regulators of Immune Responses in Gastrointestinal Cancers? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1389. [PMID: 32719677 PMCID: PMC7350537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interleukin (IL-)1 family IL33 is best known for eliciting type 2 immune responses by stimulating mast cells (MCs), regulatory T-cells (Tregs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and other immune cells. MCs and IL33 provide critical control of immunological and epithelial homeostasis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Meanwhile, the role of MCs in solid malignancies appears tissue-specific with both pro and anti-tumorigenic activities. Likewise, IL33 signaling significantly shapes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, but these effects remain often dichotomous when assessed in experimental models of cancer. Thus, the balance between tumor suppressing and tumor promoting activities of IL33 are highly context dependent, and most likely dictated by the mixture of cell types responding to IL33. Adding to this complexity is the promiscuous nature by which MCs respond to cytokines other than IL33 and release chemotactic factors that recruit immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we integrate the outcomes of recent studies on the role of MCs and IL33 in cancer with our own observations in the GI tract. We propose a working model where the most abundant IL33 responsive immune cell type is likely to dictate an overall tumor-supporting or tumor suppressing outcome in vivo. We discuss how these opposing responses affect the therapeutic potential of targeting MC and IL33, and highlight the caveats and challenges facing our ability to effectively harness MCs and IL33 biology for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz F Eissmann
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding how environmental adjuvants promote the development of asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Asthma is a heterogeneous set of lung pathologies with overlapping features. Human studies and animal models suggest that exposure to different environmental adjuvants activate distinct immune pathways, which in turn give rise to distinct forms, or endotypes, of allergic asthma. Depending on their concentrations, inhaled TLR ligands can activate either type 2 inflammation, or Th17 differentiation, along with regulatory responses that function to attenuate inflammation. By contrast, a different category of environmental adjuvants, proteases, activate distinct immune pathways and prime predominantly type 2 immune responses. Asthma is not a single disease, but rather a group of pathologies with overlapping features. Different endotypes of asthma likely arise from perturbations of distinct immunologic pathways during allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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58
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Spallanzani RG, Zemmour D, Xiao T, Jayewickreme T, Li C, Bryce PJ, Benoist C, Mathis D. Distinct immunocyte-promoting and adipocyte-generating stromal components coordinate adipose tissue immune and metabolic tenors. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/35/eaaw3658. [PMID: 31053654 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key brakes on the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation that regulates local and systemic metabolic tenor. Breakdown of this regulation promotes type 2 diabetes. The cytokine IL-33 expands and sustains the unique Treg population residing within VAT. Here, relying on single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified the major IL-33 producers in VAT to be particular mesenchymal stromal cell subtypes, related to but distinct from adipocyte progenitor cells. We explored modulation of the VAT stromal cell landscape with physiologic variables such as age and sex, as well as its remodeling in pathogenic states like obesity. Last, we uncovered a VAT Treg:stromal cell negative regulatory loop that keeps the potent effect of IL-33 under rein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul German Spallanzani
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Zemmour
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianli Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teshika Jayewickreme
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Immunology & Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Sitia R, Rubartelli A. Evolution, role in inflammation, and redox control of leaderless secretory proteins. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7799-7811. [PMID: 32332096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.008907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-1 family are key determinants of inflammation. Despite their role as intercellular mediators, most lack the leader peptide typically required for protein secretion. This lack is a characteristic of dozens of other proteins that are actively and selectively secreted from living cells independently of the classical endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi exocytic route. These proteins, termed leaderless secretory proteins (LLSPs), comprise proteins directly or indirectly involved in inflammation, including cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), redox enzymes such as thioredoxin, and proteins most expressed in the brain, some of which participate in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite much effort, motifs that promote LLSP secretion remain to be identified. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of the unconventional secretory pathways that cells use to release LLSPs. We place special emphasis on redox regulation and inflammation, with a focus on IL-1β, which is secreted after processing of its biologically inactive precursor pro-IL-1β in the cytosol. Although LLSP externalization remains poorly understood, some possible mechanisms have emerged. For example, a common feature of LLSP pathways is that they become more active in response to stress and that they involve several distinct excretion mechanisms, including direct plasma membrane translocation, lysosome exocytosis, exosome formation, membrane vesiculation, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Further investigations of unconventional secretory pathways for LLSP secretion may shed light on their evolution and could help advance therapeutic avenues for managing pathological conditions, such as diseases arising from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy .,Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Zach V, Bähr FL, Edelmann F. Suppression of Tumourigenicity 2 in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Card Fail Rev 2020; 6:1-7. [PMID: 32257387 PMCID: PMC7111301 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), with steadily increasing incidence rates and mortality in an ageing population, represents a major challenge. Evidence suggests that more than half of all patients with a diagnosis of HF suffer from HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Emerging novel biomarkers to improve and potentially guide the treatment of HFpEF are the subject of discussion. One of these biomarkers is suppression of tumourigenicity 2 (ST2), a member of the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family, binding to IL-33. Its two main isoforms – soluble ST2 (sST2) and transmembrane ST2 (ST2L) – show opposite effects in cardiovascular diseases. While the ST2L/IL-33 interaction is considered as being cardioprotective, sST2 antagonises this beneficial effect by competing for binding to IL-33. Recent studies show that elevated levels of sST2 are associated with increased mortality in HF with reduced ejection fraction. Nevertheless, the significance of sST2 in HFpEF remains uncertain. This article aims to give an overview of the current evidence on sST2 in HFpEF with an emphasis on prognostic value, clinical association and interaction with HF treatment. The authors conclude that sST2 is a promising biomarker in HFpEF. However, further research is needed to fully understand underlying mechanisms and ultimately assess its full value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zach
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lucas Bähr
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Berlin, Germany
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61
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Kobari S, Kusakabe T, Momota M, Shibahara T, Hayashi T, Ozasa K, Morita H, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Ito S, Kuroda E, Ishii KJ. IL-33 Is Essential for Adjuvant Effect of Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodexrin on the Protective Intranasal Influenza Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:360. [PMID: 32210964 PMCID: PMC7069475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants are traditionally used to augment and modulate the immunogenicity of vaccines, although in many cases it is unclear which specific molecules contribute to their stimulatory activity. We previously reported that both subcutaneous and intranasal administration of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a pharmaceutical excipient widely used to improve solubility, can act as an effective adjuvant for an influenza vaccine. However, the mechanisms by which mucosal immune pathway is critical for the intranasal adjuvant activity of HP-β-CD have not been fully delineated. Here, we show that intranasally administered HP-β-CD elicits a temporary release of IL-33 from alveolar epithelial type 2 cells in the lung; notably, IL-33 expression in these cells is not stimulated following the use of other vaccine adjuvants. The experiments using gene deficient mice suggested that IL-33/ST2 signaling is solely responsible for the adjuvant effect of HP-β-CD when it is administered intranasally. In contrast, the subcutaneous injection of HP-β-CD and the intranasal administration of alum, as a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-inducing adjuvant, or cholera toxin, as a mucosal adjuvant, enhanced humoral immunity in an IL-33-independent manner, suggesting that the IL-33/ST2 pathway is unique to the adjuvanticity of intranasally administered HP-β-CD. Furthermore, the release of IL-33 was involved in the protective immunity against influenza virus infection which is induced by the intranasal administration of HP-β-CD-adjuvanted influenza split vaccine. In conclusion, our results suggest that an understanding of administration route- and tissue-specific immune responses is crucial for the design of unique vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kobari
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibahara
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ozasa
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock-up Vaccine Project, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Emerging Roles of Interleukin-33-responsive Kidney Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041544. [PMID: 32102434 PMCID: PMC7073188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-33 triggers pleiotropic immune functions in multiple types of immune cells, which express the IL-33 receptor, ST2. Recent studies have revealed the potential applications of IL-33 for treating acute kidney injury in preclinical animal models. However, IL-33 and IL-33-responding immune cells are reported to exhibit both detrimental and beneficial roles. The IL-33-mediated immunomodulatory functions have been investigated using loss-of-function approaches, such as IL33-deficient mice, IL-33 antagonists, or administration of exogenous IL-33 recombinant protein. This review will discuss the key findings on IL-33-mediated activation of kidney resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and summarize the current understanding of the differential functions of endogenous IL-33 and exogenous IL-33 and their potential implications in treating acute kidney injury.
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The role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune disorders: Friend or foe? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:60-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Izadi D, Layton TB, Williams L, McCann F, Cabrita M, Espirito Santo AI, Xie W, Fritzsche M, Colin-York H, Feldmann M, Midwood KS, Nanchahal J. Identification of TNFR2 and IL-33 as therapeutic targets in localized fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay0370. [PMID: 31840071 PMCID: PMC6892635 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissecting the molecular landscape of fibrotic disease, a major unmet need, will inform the development of novel treatment strategies to target disease progression and identify desperately needed therapeutic targets. Here, we provide a detailed single-cell analysis of the immune landscape in Dupuytren's disease, a localized fibrotic condition of the hand, and identify a pathogenic signaling circuit between stromal and immune cells. We demonstrate M2 macrophages and mast cells as key cellular sources of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that promotes myofibroblast development. TNF acts via the inducible TNFR2 receptor and stimulates interleukin-33 (IL-33) secretion by myofibroblasts. In turn, stromal cell IL-33 acts as a potent stimulus for TNF production from immune cells. Targeting this reciprocal signaling pathway represents a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit the low-grade inflammation in fibrosis and the mechanism that drives chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Izadi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas B. Layton
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lynn Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona McCann
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marisa Cabrita
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Weilin Xie
- Department of Inflammation Research, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huw Colin-York
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc Feldmann
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Kany S, Vollrath JT, Relja B. Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236008. [PMID: 31795299 PMCID: PMC6929211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to briefly discuss a short list of a broad variety of inflammatory cytokines. Numerous studies have implicated that inflammatory cytokines exert important effects with regard to various inflammatory diseases, yet the reports on their specific roles are not always consistent. They can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease or its progress, and also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for therapies. Yet, their precise role is not always clearly defined. Thus, in this review, we focus on the existing literature dealing with the biology of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-8. We will briefly focus on the correlations and role of these inflammatory mediators in the genesis of inflammatory impacts (e.g., shock, trauma, immune dysregulation, osteoporosis, and/or critical illness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwan Kany
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Cardiology with Emphasis on Electrophysiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Tilmann Vollrath
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6721395
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66
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Zhou Q, Wu X, Wang X, Yu Z, Pan T, Li Z, Chang X, Jin Z, Li J, Zhu Z, Liu B, Su L. The reciprocal interaction between tumor cells and activated fibroblasts mediated by TNF-α/IL-33/ST2L signaling promotes gastric cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2019; 39:1414-1428. [PMID: 31659258 PMCID: PMC7018661 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by extensive local invasion, distant metastasis and poor prognosis. In most cases, GC progression is associated with aberrant expression of cytokines or activation of signaling cascades mediated by tumor–stroma interactions. However, the mechanisms by which these interactions contribute to GC progression are poorly understood. In this study, we find that IL-33 and its receptor ST2L are upregulated in the human GC and served as prognostic markers for poor survival of GC patients. In a co-culture model with GC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), we further demonstrate that CAFs-derived IL-33 enhances the migration and invasion of GC cells by inducing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through activation of the ERK1/2-SP1-ZEB2 pathway in a ST2L-dependent manner. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-33 by CAFs can be induced by the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α that is released by GC cells via TNFR2-NF-κB-IRF-1 pathway. Additionally, silencing of IL-33 expression in CAFs or ST2L expression in GC cells inhibits the peritoneal dissemination and metastatic potential of GC cells in nude mice. Taken together, these results characterize a critical role of the interaction between epithelial-stroma mediated by the TNF-α/IL-33/ST2L signaling in GC progression, and provide a rationale for targeting this pathway to treat GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Center for Organ Transplantation, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Jin
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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68
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Alvarez P, Bogen O, Levine JD. Nociceptor Interleukin 33 Receptor/ST2 Signaling in Vibration-Induced Muscle Pain in the Rat. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:506-512. [PMID: 31562993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to mechanical vibration can produce the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), whose most disabling symptom is persistent muscle pain. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of HAVS pain is still poorly understood, precluding the development of mechanism-based therapies. Since interleukin 33 (IL-33) is essential for inflammation and recovery that follows skeletal muscle injury, we explored its role in muscle pain in a model of HAVS, in adult male rats. Concomitant to mechanical hyperalgesia, an increase in IL-33 in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle was observed 24 hours after vibration. A similar hyperalgesia was produced by intramuscular injection of recombinant rat IL-33 (rrIL-33, 10-300 ng). Intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to IL-33R/ST2 mRNA decreased the expression of ST2 in DRG and attenuated both rrIL-33 and vibration-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Together these data support the suggestion that IL-33 plays a central role in vibration-induced muscle pain by action, at least in part, on skeletal muscle nociceptors. PERSPECTIVE: Our findings provide evidence of the contribution of IL-33, acting on its canonical receptor, in nociceptors, to muscle pain induced by ergonomic vibration. This suggests that targeting IL-33/ST2 signaling may be a useful strategy for the treatment of muscle pain in HAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alvarez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Oliver Bogen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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69
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The IL-33-ST2 Pathway Contributes to Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in Septic Mice in a Tidal Volume-Dependent Manner. Shock 2019; 52:e1-e11. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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70
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B cells with aberrant activation of Notch1 signaling promote Treg and Th2 cell-dominant T-cell responses via IL-33. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2282-2295. [PMID: 30213787 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch-signaling pathway in a variety of mature B-cell neoplasms is often activated by gene alterations, but its role remains unclear. Here, we show that B cells harboring dysregulated activation of Notch1 signaling have an immunomodulatory effect on T cells by amplifying regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses in an interleukin-33 (IL-33)-dependent manner. A conditional mouse model, in which constitutive expression of an active form of Notch1 is induced in B cells by Aicda gene promoter-driven Cre recombinase, revealed no obvious phenotypic changes in B cells; however, mice demonstrated an expansion of Treg and Th2 cell subsets and a decrease in cytokine production by Th1 and CD8+ T cells. The mice were susceptible to soft tissue sarcoma and defective production of CD8+ T cells specific for inoculated tumor cells, suggesting impaired antitumor T-cell activity. Gene-expression microarray revealed that altered T-cell responses were due to increased IL-33 production by Notch1-activated B cells. Knockout of IL33 or blockade of IL-33 by a receptor-blocking antibody abrogated the Treg and Th2 cell-dominant T-cell response triggered by B cells. Gene-expression data derived from human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples showed that an activated Notch-signaling signature correlates positively with IL33 expression and Treg cell-rich gene-expression signatures. These findings indicate that B cells harboring dysregulated Notch signaling alter T-cell responses via IL-33, and suggest that aberrant activation of Notch signaling plays a role in fostering immune privilege in mature B-cell neoplasms.
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71
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Biferali B, Proietti D, Mozzetta C, Madaro L. Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors Cross-Talk in Skeletal Muscle: The Social Network. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1074. [PMID: 31496956 PMCID: PMC6713247 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of a large and heterogeneous assortment of cell populations that interact with each other to maintain muscle homeostasis and orchestrate regeneration. Although satellite cells (SCs) – which are muscle stem cells – are the protagonists of functional muscle repair following damage, several other cells such as inflammatory, vascular, and mesenchymal cells coordinate muscle regeneration in a finely tuned process. Fibro–adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are a muscle interstitial mesenchymal cell population, which supports SCs differentiation during tissue regeneration. During the first days following muscle injury FAPs undergo massive expansion, which is followed by their macrophage-mediated clearance and the re-establishment of their steady-state pool. It is during this critical time window that FAPs, together with the other cellular components of the muscle stem cell niche, establish a dynamic network of interactions that culminate in muscle repair. A number of different molecules have been recently identified as important mediators of this cross-talk, and its alteration has been associated with different muscle pathologies. In this review, we will focus on the soluble factors that regulate FAPs activity, highlighting their roles in orchestrating the inter-cellular interactions between FAPs and the other cell populations that participate in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biferali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daisy Proietti
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mozzetta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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72
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Halát G, Haider T, Dedeyan M, Heinz T, Hajdu S, Negrin LL. IL-33 and its increased serum levels as an alarmin for imminent pulmonary complications in polytraumatized patients. World J Emerg Surg 2019; 14:36. [PMID: 31360218 PMCID: PMC6642565 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-019-0256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to recently published findings, we hypothesized that serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) may qualify for predicting pulmonary complications in polytraumatized patients. Methods One hundred and thirty patients (age ≥ 18 years, ISS ≥ 16) were included in our prospective analysis after primary admission to our level I trauma center during the first post-traumatic hour. Serum samples immediately after admission and on day 2 after trauma were obtained and analyzed. Results Median initial IL-33 levels (in picograms per milliliter) were higher in polytrauma victims (1) with concomitant thoracic trauma [5.08 vs. 3.52; p = 0.036], (2) sustaining parenchymal lung injury (PLI) [5.37 vs. 3.71; p = 0.027], and (3) developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [6.19 vs. 4.48; p = 0.003], compared to the respective rest of the study group. The median initial IL-33 levels were higher in patients experiencing both PLI and ARDS compared to those sustaining PLI and not developing ARDS [6.99 vs. 4.69; p = 0.029]. ROC statistics provided an AUC of 0.666 (p = 0.003) and a cut-off value of 4.77 (sensitivity, 71.8%; specificity, 75.7%) for predicting ARDS. Moreover, a higher initial median IL-33 level was revealed in the deceased compared to the survivors [12.25 vs. 4.72; p = 0.021]. ROC statistics identified the initial level of IL-33 as a predictor of death with 11.19 as cut-off value (sensitivity, 80.0%; specificity, 80.0%; AUC = 0.805; p = 0.021). Conclusions Following tissue damage, IL-33 is abundantly released in the serum of polytraumatized patients immediately after their injuries occurred. As initial IL-33 levels were particularly high in individuals experiencing both PLI and ARDS, IL-33 release after trauma seems to be involved in the promotion of ARDS and might serve already at admission as a solid indicator of impending death in polytraumatized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Halát
- University Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Haider
- University Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel Dedeyan
- University Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Heinz
- University Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hajdu
- University Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas L Negrin
- University Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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73
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Ohta N, Yasudo H, Mizutani M, Matsushige T, Fukano R, Kittaka S, Maehara K, Ichihara K, Ohga S, Hasegawa S. Serum soluble ST2 as a marker of renal scar in pediatric upper urinary tract infection. Cytokine 2019; 120:258-263. [PMID: 31153005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Upper urinary tract infection is the most common serious bacterial infection in childhood. Patients with upper urinary tract infection have a risk for renal scarring with subsequent complications including hypertension, proteinuria, and progressive renal failure. However, the predictive biomarkers of renal scarring in children with upper urinary tract infection are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated whether soluble ST2 levels can be biomarkers of subsequent renal scarring in patients with upper urinary tract infection. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS We retrospectively studied pediatric patients with upper urinary tract infection at a tertiary center. Twenty-eight children had an upper urinary tract infection with (n = 14) and without (n = 14) renal scarring and underwent 99mtechnetium dimercaptosuccinic acid imaging. In addition, 13 control subjects were enrolled. The clinical data and serum cytokine levels, including soluble ST2 levels, were compared between those with and without renal scars. RESULTS Serum soluble ST2 levels were significantly higher in the scar group than in the non-scar group, whereas there was no difference in the levels of serum interferon-γ, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and transforming growth factor-β between the scar and non-scar groups. The area under the curve for differentiating between the non-scar and scar groups on the basis of measurements of serum soluble ST2 was 0.79, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.9% and 64.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that serum soluble ST2 levels on admission could be a useful biomarker of subsequent renal scarring in pediatric patients with upper urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yasudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Makoto Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsushige
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Reiji Fukano
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Setsuaki Kittaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kenji Maehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shunji Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
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Roan F, Obata-Ninomiya K, Ziegler SF. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines: more than just signaling the alarm. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1441-1451. [PMID: 30932910 DOI: 10.1172/jci124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses. Often characterized as "alarmins" that are released by the barrier epithelium in response to external insults, these epithelial cell-derived cytokines were initially thought to act only early in allergic inflammation. Indeed, TSLP can condition dendritic cells to initiate type 2 responses, and IL-33 may influence susceptibility to asthma through its role in establishing the immune environment in the perinatal lungs. However, TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 all regulate a broad spectrum of innate immune cell populations and are particularly potent in eliciting and activating type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that may act throughout allergic inflammation. Recent data suggest that a TSLP/ILC axis may mediate steroid resistance in asthma. Recent identification of memory Th2 cell subsets that are characterized by high receptor expression for TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 further supports a role for these cytokines in allergic exacerbations. There is therefore growing interest in developing biologics that target TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. This Review provides an overview of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 and the development of blocking antibodies that target these epithelial cell-derived cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Najjar E, Faxén UL, Hage C, Donal E, Daubert JC, Linde C, Lund LH. ST2 in heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2019; 53:21-27. [DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2019.1583363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Najjar
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ljung Faxén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hage
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Donal
- Département de Cardiologie & CIC-IT U 804, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Daubert
- Département de Cardiologie & CIC-IT U 804, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - Cecilia Linde
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Identification of the IL-33 protein segment that controls subcellular localization, extracellular secretion, and functional maturation. Cytokine 2019; 119:1-6. [PMID: 30856600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic activation of the IL-33 precursor, full-length interleukin-33 (FLIL33), at multiple sites within the sensor domain (aa 95-109) yields several functionally mature (MIL33) forms. Unlike nuclear FLIL33, intracellular MIL33 occurs in the cytoplasm, is secreted from source cells, and exerts biological effects by activating the ST2 receptor on target cells. Previous studies and our findings in this report indicated that IL-33 forms that are substantially longer than those produced by cleavage within the sensor domain are biologically indistinguishable from classical MIL33. We utilized a series of human and mouse N-terminal FLIL33 mutants to narrow down the boundaries of the nuclear localization sequence to aa 46-67, a segment known to include a portion of the chromatin-binding motif as well as another site controlling intracellular stability of FLIL33 in an importin-5-dependent fashion. The N-terminal FLIL33 deletion mutants starting prior to this region were intranuclear, non-secreted in cell culture, and manifested modest functional activity in vivo, similar to FLIL33. By contrast, the mutants starting after this region were cytoplasmic, secreted from cells in culture, and overtly biologically active in vivo, similar to MIL33. The deletion mutants starting within this region manifested an intermediate phenotype between FLIL33 and MIL33. Thus, this segment of IL-33 molecule controls multiple aspects of its biology, including subcellular localization, extracellular secretion, and functional maturation into the longest possible form of mature IL-33 cytokine. Future anti-IL-33 therapies may be based on interfering with this segment, thus restraining extracellular release and maturation of IL-33 into the active cytokine.
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77
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Soong L. Dysregulated Th1 Immune and Vascular Responses in Scrub Typhus Pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 200:1233-1240. [PMID: 29431689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Scrub typhus is an emerging, insect-transmitted disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Gram- and LPS-negative bacterium that replicates freely within professional phagocytes and endothelial cells. Scrub typhus is prevalent with high mortality rates, but information regarding its molecular pathogenesis, microbial virulence determinants, and key immune responses is limited. Improved animal models have recently been developed that respectively resemble the pathological features of self-limiting or severe scrub typhus in humans. Strong activation of Th1 and CD8, but not Th2 and regulatory T, immune responses, accompanied by altered angiopoietin/Tie2-related regulation, are hallmarks of lethal infection in murine models. This review, based primarily on recent advances from clinical and experimental studies, highlights tissue- and endothelial cell-specific biomarkers that are indicative of immune dysregulation. The potential roles of neutrophils and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules at late stages of disease are discussed in the context of vascular leakage, pulmonary and renal injury, and scrub typhus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and .,Department of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
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78
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Interleukin-18 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030649. [PMID: 30717382 PMCID: PMC6387150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhanced IFN-γ production from anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, especially in the presence of IL-12. Upon stimulation with Ag plus IL-12, naïve T cells develop into IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) expressing Th1 cells, which increase IFN-γ production in response to IL-18 stimulation. Therefore, IL-12 is a commitment factor that induces the development of Th1 cells. In contrast, IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that facilitates type 1 responses. However, IL-18 without IL-12 but with IL-2, stimulates NK cells, CD4+ NKT cells, and established Th1 cells, to produce IL-3, IL-9, and IL-13. Furthermore, together with IL-3, IL-18 stimulates mast cells and basophils to produce IL-4, IL-13, and chemical mediators such as histamine. Therefore, IL-18 is a cytokine that stimulates various cell types and has pleiotropic functions. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-18 demonstrates a unique function by binding to a specific receptor expressed on various types of cells. In this review article, we will focus on the unique features of IL-18 in health and disease in experimental animals and humans.
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79
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Hussey GS, Dziki JL, Lee YC, Bartolacci JG, Behun M, Turnquist HR, Badylak SF. Matrix bound nanovesicle-associated IL-33 activates a pro-remodeling macrophage phenotype via a non-canonical, ST2-independent pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:26-35. [PMID: 31656879 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative healing response of injured skeletal muscle is dependent upon an appropriately timed switch from a local type-I to a type-II immune response. Biologic scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to facilitate a macrophage phenotype transition that leads to downstream site-appropriate functional tissue deposition and myogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which ECM directs the switching of immune cell phenotype are only partially understood. Herein, we provide the first evidence that matrix bound nanovesicles (MBV) embedded within ECM-scaffolds are a rich and stable source of interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin/cytokine with emerging reparative properties. We show that IL-33 encapsulated within MBV bypass the classical IL33/ST2 receptor signaling pathway to direct macrophage differentiation into the reparative, pro-remodeling M2 phenotype, which in turn facilitates myogenesis of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Our results suggest the potential of IL-33+ MBV as a clinical therapy to augment the restorative efficacy of existing ECM-based and non-ECM based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jenna L Dziki
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yoojin C Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Joseph G Bartolacci
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Marissa Behun
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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80
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Loering S, Cameron GJM, Starkey MR, Hansbro PM. Lung development and emerging roles for type 2 immunity. J Pathol 2019; 247:686-696. [PMID: 30506724 DOI: 10.1002/path.5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung development is a complex process mediated through the interaction of multiple cell types, factors and mediators. In mice, it starts as early as embryonic day 9 and continues into early adulthood. The process can be separated into five different developmental stages: embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar. Whilst lung bud formation and branching morphogenesis have been studied extensively, the mechanisms of alveolarisation are incompletely understood. Aberrant lung development can lead to deleterious consequences for respiratory health such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease primarily affecting preterm neonates, which is characterised by increased pulmonary inflammation and disturbed alveolarisation. While the deleterious effects of type 1-mediated inflammatory responses on lung development have been well established, the role of type 2 responses in postnatal lung development remains poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that type 2-associated immune cells, such as group 2 innate lymphoid cells and alveolar macrophages, are increased in number during postnatal alveolarisation. Here, we present the current state of understanding of the postnatal stages of lung development and the key cell types and mediators known to be involved. We also provide an overview of how stem cells are involved in lung development and regeneration, and the negative influences of respiratory infections. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Loering
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy J M Cameron
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Center's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Center for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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81
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Shlomovitz I, Erlich Z, Speir M, Zargarian S, Baram N, Engler M, Edry-Botzer L, Munitz A, Croker BA, Gerlic M. Necroptosis directly induces the release of full-length biologically active IL-33 in vitro and in an inflammatory disease model. FEBS J 2019; 286:507-522. [PMID: 30576068 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a significant role in inflammatory diseases by activating immune cells to induce type 2 immune responses upon its release. Although IL-33 is known to be released during tissue damage, its exact release mechanism is not yet fully understood. Previously, we have shown that cleaved IL-33 can be detected in the plasma and epithelium of Ripk1-/- neonates, which succumb to systemic inflammation driven by spontaneous receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3)-dependent necroptotic cell death, shortly after birth. Thus, we hypothesized that necroptosis, a RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase-like protein (MLKL)-dependent, caspase-independent cell death pathway controls IL-33 release. Here, we show that necroptosis directly induces the release of nuclear IL-33 in its full-length form. Unlike the necroptosis executioner protein, MLKL, which was released in its active phosphorylated form in extracellular vesicles, IL-33 was released directly into the supernatant. Importantly, full-length IL-33 released in response to necroptosis was found to be bioactive, as it was able to activate basophils and eosinophils. Finally, the human and murine necroptosis inhibitor, GW806742X, blocked necroptosis and IL-33 release in vitro and reduced eosinophilia in Aspergillus fumigatus extract-induced asthma in vivo, an allergic inflammation model that is highly dependent on IL-33. Collectively, these data establish for the first time, necroptosis as a direct mechanism for IL-33 release, a finding that may have major implications in type 2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Shlomovitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ziv Erlich
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mary Speir
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sefi Zargarian
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Noam Baram
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Maya Engler
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Liat Edry-Botzer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ben A Croker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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82
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Chudakov DB, Shevchenko MA, Fattakhova GV, Svirshchevskaya EV. Effect of Alarmins on the Synthesis of Tissue Cytokines. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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83
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Fairlie-Clarke K, Barbour M, Wilson C, Hridi SU, Allan D, Jiang HR. Expression and Function of IL-33/ST2 Axis in the Central Nervous System Under Normal and Diseased Conditions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2596. [PMID: 30515150 PMCID: PMC6255965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a well-recognized immunomodulatory cytokine which plays critical roles in tissue function and immune-mediated diseases. The abundant expression of IL-33 in brain and spinal cord prompted many scientists to explore its unique role in the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological and pathological conditions. Indeed emerging evidence from over a decade's research suggests that IL-33 acts as one of the key molecular signaling cues coordinating the network between the immune and CNS systems, particularly during the development of neurological diseases. Here, we highlight the recent advances in our knowledge regarding the distribution and cellular localization of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in specific CNS regions, and more importantly the key roles IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway play in CNS function under normal and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui-Rong Jiang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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84
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Li L, Zhu H, Zuo X. Interleukin-33 in Systemic Sclerosis: Expression and Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2663. [PMID: 30498500 PMCID: PMC6249369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 superfamily, functions as a traditional cytokine and nuclear factor. It is proposed to have an “alarmin” role. IL-33 mediates biological effects by interacting with the ST2 receptor and IL-1 receptor accessory protein, particularly in innate immune cells and T helper 2 cells. Recent articles have described IL-33 as an emerging pro-fibrotic cytokine in the immune system as well as a novel potential target for systemic sclerosis. Here, we review the available information and focus on the pleiotropic expression and pathogenesis of IL-33 in systemic sclerosis, as well as the feasibility of using IL-33 in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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85
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Farjood F, Vargis E. Novel devices for studying acute and chronic mechanical stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3413-3424. [PMID: 30328441 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00659h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of blindness in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic protein, by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a key stimulator of CNV. Mechanical stress occurs during different stages of AMD and is a possible inducer of VEGF expression in RPE cells. However, robust and realistic approaches to studying acute and chronic mechanical stress under various AMD stages do not exist. The majority of previous work has studied cyclic stretching of RPE cells grown on flexible substrates, but an ideal model must be able to mimic localized and continuous stretching of the RPE as would occur in AMD in vivo. To bridge this gap, we developed two in vitro devices to model chronic and acute mechanical stress on RPE cells during different stages of AMD. In one device, high levels of continuous mechanical stress were applied to focal regions of the RPE monolayer by stretching the underlying silicon substrate to study the role of chronic mechanical stimulation. In the second device, RPE cells were grown on porous plastic substrates and acute stress was studied by stretching small areas. Using these devices, we studied the effect of mechanical stress on VEGF expression in RPE cells. Our results suggest that mechanical stress in RPE cells induces VEGF expression and promotes in vitro angiogenesis. These results confirm the hypothesis that mechanical stress is involved in the initiation and progression of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Farjood
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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86
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Fournié JJ, Poupot M. The Pro-tumorigenic IL-33 Involved in Antitumor Immunity: A Yin and Yang Cytokine. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2506. [PMID: 30416507 PMCID: PMC6212549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), considered as an alarmin released upon tissue stress or damage, is a member of the IL-1 family and binds the ST2 receptor. First described as a potent initiator of type 2 immune responses through the activation of T helper 2 (TH2) cells and mast cells, IL-33 is now also known as an effective stimulator of TH1 immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells, iNKT cells, and CD8 T lymphocytes. Moreover, IL-33 was shown to play an important role in several cancers due to its pro and anti-tumorigenic functions. Currently, IL-33 is a possible inducer and prognostic marker of cancer development with a direct effect on tumor cells promoting tumorigenesis, proliferation, survival, and metastasis. IL-33 also promotes tumor growth and metastasis by remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) and inducing angiogenesis. IL-33 favors tumor progression through the immune system by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and tumor infiltration, and upon activation of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) or regulatory T cells. The anti-tumor functions of IL-33 also depend on infiltrated immune cells displaying TH1 responses. This review therefore summarizes the dual role of this cytokine in cancer and suggests that new proposals for IL-33-based cancer immunotherapies should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Fournié
- INSERM UMR 1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), ERL 5294 CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan, Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- INSERM UMR 1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), ERL 5294 CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan, Toulouse, France
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87
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Kotsiou OS, Gourgoulianis KI, Zarogiannis SG. IL-33/ST2 Axis in Organ Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2432. [PMID: 30405626 PMCID: PMC6207585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in barrier sites, acting via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 receptor (ST2). IL-33/ST2 axis has long been known to play a pivotal role in immunity and cell homeostasis by promoting wound healing and tissue repair. However, it is also involved in the loss of balance between extensive inflammation and tissue regeneration lead to remodeling, the hallmark of fibrosis. The aim of the current review is to critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in organ fibrosis. The role of the axis in tissue remodeling is better understood considering its crucial role reported in organ development and regeneration. Generally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has mainly anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative effects; however, chronic tissue injury is responsible for pro-fibrogenetic responses. Regarding pulmonary fibrosis mature IL-33 enhances pro-fibrogenic type 2 cytokine production in an ST2- and macrophage-dependent manner, while full-length IL-33 is also implicated in the pulmonary fibrotic process in an ST2-independent, Th2-independent fashion. In liver fibrosis, evidence indicate that when acute and massive liver damage occurs, the release of IL-33 might act as an activator of tissue-protective mechanisms, while in cases of chronic injury IL-33 plays the role of a hepatic fibrotic factor. IL-33 signaling has also been involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, IL-33 could be used as an early marker for ulcer-associated activated fibroblasts and myofibroblast trans-differentiation; thus one cannot rule out its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease-associated fibrosis. Similarly, the upregulation of the IL-33/ST2 axismay contribute to tubular cell injury and fibrosis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of various cell types in the kidneys. Of note, IL-33 exerts a cardioprotective role via ST2 signaling, while soluble ST2 has been demonstrated as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. Finally, IL-33 is a crucial cytokine in skin pathology responsible for abnormal fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte infiltration and morphologic differentiation of human endothelial cells. Overall, emerging data support a novel contribution of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in tissue fibrosis and highlight the significant role of the Th2 pattern of immune response in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
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88
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Martin Jensen M, Jia W, Schults AJ, Ye X, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S. IL-33 mast cell axis is central in LL-37 induced bladder inflammation and pain in a murine interstitial cystitis model. Cytokine 2018; 110:420-427. [PMID: 29784508 PMCID: PMC6103803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome (PBS), is a debilitating chronic condition that afflicts over 3 million women above the age of 18 in the U.S., and most patients fail to respond to current treatment options. Mast cells have previously been implicated as both a diagnostic and prognostic marker in IC/PBS. Patients with IC/PBS have been shown to have elevated levels of IL-33, a cytokine released in response to tissue insult, in their urine. We hypothesize that mast cell-mediated inflammation induced from IL-33 may play an important role in initiating pain and inflammation in IC/PBS. A human cathelicidin, LL-37, which is found at elevated levels in IC/PBS patients, was used to induce an IC/PBS-like state of inflammation and bladder pain in mast cell deficient C-kit (-/-) and wild type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice. Inflammation was quantified using myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression in bladder tissues measured via ELISA. Response rate to suprapubic stimulation from von Frey filaments was used to assess the relative pain and discomfort. Both types of mice increased IL-33 expression in response to LL-37 exposure. However, mast cell deficient mice demonstrated significantly lower levels of inflammation (p < 0.001) and reduced pain response (p < 0.001) compared to WT mice. These findings implicate an IL-33-mast cell dependent axis with a potential etiology of pain and inflammation in IC/PBS. Future therapeutics aimed at targeting the IL-33 - mast cell axis could potentially serve as useful targets for treating IC/PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Austin J Schults
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Xiangyang Ye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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89
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Altara R, Ghali R, Mallat Z, Cataliotti A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Conflicting vascular and metabolic impact of the IL-33/sST2 axis. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1578-1594. [PMID: 29982301 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is expressed by several immune cell types, endothelial and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, is a cytokine of the IL-1 family that acts both intra- and extracellularly to either enhance or resolve the inflammatory response. Intracellular IL-33 acts in the nucleus as a regulator of transcription. Once released from cells by mechanical stress, inflammatory cytokines, or necrosis, extracellular IL-33 is proteolytically processed to act in an autocrine/paracrine manner as an 'alarmin' on neighbouring or various immune cells expressing the ST2 receptor. Thus, IL-33 may serve an important role in tissue preservation and repair in response to injury; however, the actions of IL-33 are dampened by a soluble form of ST2 (sST2) that acts as a decoy receptor and is produced by endothelial and certain immune cells. Accumulating evidence supports the conclusion that sST2 is a biomarker of vascular health with diagnostic and/or prognostic value in various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, giant-cell arteritis, acute aortic dissection, and ischaemic stroke, as well as obesity and diabetes. Although sST2 levels are positively associated with cardiovascular disease severity, the assumption that IL-33 is always beneficial is naïve. It is increasingly appreciated that the pathophysiological importance of IL-33 is highly dependent on cellular and temporal expression. Although IL-33 is atheroprotective and may prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes by regulating lipid metabolism, IL-33 appears to drive endothelial inflammation. Here, we review the current knowledge of the IL-33/ST2/sST2 signalling network and discuss its pathophysiological and translational implications in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Building 7, 4th floor, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Building 7, 4th floor, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo, Norway
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut & Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut-Lebanon
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90
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Pentz R, Kaun C, Thaler B, Stojkovic S, Lenz M, Krychtiuk KA, Zuckermann A, Huber K, Wojta J, Hohensinner PJ, Demyanets S. Cardioprotective cytokine interleukin-33 is up-regulated by statins in human cardiac tissue. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6122-6133. [PMID: 30216659 PMCID: PMC6237563 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)‐33 is a member of the IL‐1 family and is able to act cardioprotective. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of IL‐33 by 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme‐A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) and bisphosphonates (BPs) in human cardiac tissue. The lipophilic fluvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and lovastatin as well as the nitrogenous BPs alendronate and ibandronate, but not hydrophilic pravastatin increased IL‐33 mRNA and intracellular IL‐33 protein levels in both human adult cardiac myocytes (HACM) and fibroblasts (HACF). Additionally, fluvastatin reduced soluble ST2 secretion from HACM. IL‐33 was also up‐regulated by the general inhibitor of prenylation perillic acid, a RhoA kinase inhibitor Y‐27632, and by latrunculin B, but statin‐induced IL‐33 expression was inhibited by mevalonate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and RhoA activator U‐46619. The IL‐33 promoter was 2.3‐fold more accessible in statin‐treated HACM compared to untreated cells (P = 0.037). In explanted hearts of statin‐treated patients IL‐33 protein was up‐regulated as compared with the hearts of non‐statin‐treated patients (P = 0.048). As IL‐33 was previously shown to exert cardioprotective effects, one could speculate that such up‐regulation of IL‐33 expression in human cardiac cells, which might happen mainly through protein geranylgeranylation, could be a novel mechanism contributing to known cardioprotective effects of statins and BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pentz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Thaler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Max Lenz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp J Hohensinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Svitlana Demyanets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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91
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Dziki JL, Hussey G, Badylak SF. Alarmins of the extracellular space. Semin Immunol 2018; 38:33-39. [PMID: 30170910 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to discriminate between healthy-self, abnormal-self, and non-self has been attributed mainly to alarmins signaling as "danger signals". It is now evident, however, that alarmins are much more complex and can perform specialized functions that can regulate a wide spectrum of processes ranging from propagation of disease to tissue homeostasis. As such, alarmins and their signaling mechanisms are now actively pursued as therapeutic targets. The clinical utility of alarmins requires an understanding of their specific localization. Specifically, many alarmins can function paradoxically depending upon their localization, intra or extracellular. The present review focuses upon alarmin presence and differential expression in the extracellular space versus within the cell and how variation of the localization of alarmins can reveal important mechanistic insights into alarmin functions and their efficacy as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Dziki
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - George Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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92
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Pietka W, Khnykin D, Bertelsen V, Lossius AH, Stav-Noraas TE, Hol Fosse J, Galtung HK, Haraldsen G, Sundnes O. Hypo-osmotic Stress Drives IL-33 Production in Human Keratinocytes-An Epidermal Homeostatic Response. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:81-90. [PMID: 30120934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although inflammation has traditionally been considered a response to either exogenous pathogen-associated signals or endogenous signals of cell damage, other perturbations of homeostasis, generally referred to as stress, may also induce inflammation. The relationship between stress and inflammation is, however, not well defined. Here, we describe a mechanism of IL-33 induction driven by hypo-osmotic stress in human keratinocytes and also report interesting differences when comparing the responsiveness of other inflammatory mediators. The induction of IL-33 was completely dependent on EGFR and calcium signaling, and inhibition of calcium signaling not only abolished IL-33 induction but also dramatically changed the transcriptional pattern of other cytokines upon hypo-osmotic stress. IL-33 was not secreted but instead showed nuclear sequestration, conceivably acting as a failsafe mechanism whereby it is induced by potential danger but released only upon more extreme homeostatic perturbations that result in cell death. Finally, stress-induced IL-33 was also confirmed in an ex vivo human skin model, translating this mechanism to a potential tissue-relevant signal in the human epidermis. In conclusion, we describe hypo-osmotic stress as an inducer of IL-33 expression, linking cellular stress to nuclear accumulation of a strong proinflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pietka
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis Khnykin
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Bertelsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Haaskjold Lossius
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Espen Stav-Noraas
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Hol Fosse
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Kanli Galtung
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Olav Sundnes
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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93
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Ebner F, Kuhring M, Radonić A, Midha A, Renard BY, Hartmann S. Silent Witness: Dual-Species Transcriptomics Reveals Epithelial Immunological Quiescence to Helminth Larval Encounter and Fostered Larval Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1868. [PMID: 30158930 PMCID: PMC6104121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are among the most prevalent parasites infecting humans and livestock worldwide. Infective larvae of the soil-transmitted nematode Ascaris spp. enter the host and start tissue migration by crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier. The initial interaction of the intestinal epithelium with the parasite, however, has received little attention. In a time-resolved interaction model of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and infective Ascaris suum larvae, we addressed the early transcriptional changes occurring simultaneously in both organisms using dual-species RNA-Seq. Functional analysis of the host response revealed an overall induction of metabolic activity, without induction of immune responsive genes or immune signaling pathways and showing suppression of chemotactic genes like CXCL8/IL-8 or CHI3L1. Ascaris larvae, when getting in contact with the epithelium, showed induction of genes that orchestrate motor activity and larval development, such as myosin, troponin, myoglobin, and protein disulfide isomerase 2 (PDI-2). In addition, excretory-secretory products that likely facilitate parasite invasion were increased, among them, aspartic protease 6 or hyaluronidase. Integration of host and pathogen data in an interspecies gene co-expression network indicated links between nematode fatty acid biosynthesis and host ribosome assembly/protein synthesis. In summary, our study provides new molecular insights into the early factors of parasite invasion, while at the same time revealing host immunological unresponsiveness. Reproducible software for dual RNA-Seq analysis of non-model organisms is available at https://gitlab.com/mkuhring/project_asuum and can be applied to similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Ebner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Kuhring
- Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Department for Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Radonić
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ankur Midha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Y Renard
- Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Department for Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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94
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Copland DA, Theodoropoulou S, Liu J, Dick AD. A Perspective of AMD Through the Eyes of Immunology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:AMD83-AMD92. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Copland
- Translational Health Sciences (Ophthalmology), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London-Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Theodoropoulou
- Translational Health Sciences (Ophthalmology), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Liu
- Translational Health Sciences (Ophthalmology), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- Translational Health Sciences (Ophthalmology), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London-Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University College London–Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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95
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Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Type 2 immunity: Expanding our view. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaat1604. [PMID: 29980619 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The classical vision of type 2 immune reactions is that they are characterized by a distinct cellular and cytokine repertoire that is critical for host resistance against helminthic worm infections but, when dysregulated, may cause atopic reactions that result in conditions such as asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, and anaphylaxis. In this traditional view, the type 2 response is categorized as an adaptive immune response with differentiated T helper cells taking center stage, driving eosinophil recruitment and immunoglobulin production via the secretion of a distinct repertoire of cytokines that include interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13. The recent discovery of a group of innate cells that has the capacity to secrete copious amounts of type 2 cytokines, potentially in the absence of adaptive immunity, has reignited interest in type 2 biology. The discovery that these innate lymphoid cells and type 2 cytokines are involved in diverse biological processes-including wound healing, control of metabolic homeostasis, and temperature-has considerably changed our view of type 2 responses and the cytokines, chemokines, and receptors that regulate these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Lloyd
- Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington NHLI, Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington NHLI, Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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96
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The effects of resiquimod in an ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:233-242. [PMID: 29665497 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the Toll-like receptor7/8(TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) is a potential inhibitor of type-2 immunity. However, the mechanisms mediating its therapeutic effects are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of R848 on OVA-induced allergic rhinitis(AR) mice and the expression of IL-25, IL-33, TSLP, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin1 (TIM1) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin3 (TIM3). BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), and R848 was intraperitoneally injected into AR mice. Histological changes in the nasal mucosa were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining; cytokine levels in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs);the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and Foxp3 in the spleen determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); the proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg and TIM3 + IFN-γ + Th1 cells in the spleen were assessed with flow cytometry; TIM1, TIM3 and IL-33 expression levels in the nasal mucosa were evaluated with immunofluorescence staining(IF).R848 alleviated the nasal allergic symptoms; reduced eosinophil cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia in the nasal mucosa; reduced IL-13, IL-17, IL-25 and IL-33 levels in serum; upregulated the relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ and Foxp3, and downregulated the relative mRNA expression of IL-17 in the spleen; decreased Th2, Th17 and TIM3 + IFN-γ + Th1 cells ratios, increased the proportion of Th1 and Treg cells in the spleen; suppressed TIM1 and TIM3,but increased IL-33 expression in the nasal mucosa in OVA-induced AR mice. R848 suppresses IL-25, IL-33 released and TIM1, TIM3 expression, which may contribute to its anti-allergic effects.
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97
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Khaitov MR, Gaisina AR, Shilovskiy IP, Smirnov VV, Ramenskaia GV, Nikonova AA, Khaitov RM. The Role of Interleukin-33 in Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma. New Experimental Data. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29534664 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 cytokine family and plays an important role in modulating immune system by inducing Th2 immune response via the ST2 membrane receptor. Epithelial cells are the major producers of IL-33. However, IL-33 is also secreted by other cells, e.g., bone marrow cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. IL-33 targets a broad range of cell types bearing the ST2 surface receptor. Many ST2-positive cells, such as Th2 cells, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, are involved in the development of allergic bronchial asthma (BA). This suggests that IL-33 directly participates in BA pathogenesis. Currently, the role of IL-33 in pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including BA, has been extensively investigated using clinical samples collected from patients, as well as asthma animal models. In particular, numerous studies on blocking IL-33 and its receptor by monoclonal antibodies in asthma mouse model have been performed over the last several years; IL-33- and ST2-deficient transgenic mice have also been generated. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the data on the role of IL-33 in BA pathogenesis and the prospects for creating new treatments for BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Khaitov
- Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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98
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DaSilva-Arnold SC, Thyagarajan A, Seymour LJ, Yi Q, Bradish JR, Al-Hassani M, Zhou H, Perdue NJ, Nemeth V, Krbanjevic A, Serezani APM, Olson MR, Spandau DF, Travers JB, Kaplan MH, Turner MJ. Phenotyping acute and chronic atopic dermatitis-like lesions in Stat6VT mice identifies a role for IL-33 in disease pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:197-207. [PMID: 29368135 PMCID: PMC6198812 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Stat6VT mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) is induced by T-cell-specific expression of a constitutively active form of the protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Although AD-like lesions are known to develop in Stat6VT mice, this study was designed to determine if these mice develop acute and chronic phases of disease similar to humans. To address this, AD-like lesions from Stat6VT mice were harvested at two different timepoints relative to their onset. Lesions harvested within 1 week after development were defined as acute lesions, and those present for 1 month or more were defined as chronic lesions. Acute and chronic AD-like lesions from Stat6VT mice exhibited histologic findings and cytokine expression patterns similar to acute and chronic AD lesions in humans. Further analysis revealed increased levels of interleukin (IL)-33 transcripts in AD-like lesions compared to Stat6VT nonlesional and wild-type skin controls. Immunofluorescence also revealed increased numbers of IL-33+ keratinocytes in Stat6VT lesional skin and localized IL-33+ keratinocytes to a keratin 5+ subset. Furthermore, AD-like disease was more severe in IL-33-deficient Stat6VT mice compared to IL-33-sufficient Stat6VT mice. These studies suggest that Stat6VT mice can serve as a model of acute and chronic AD and that IL-33 may attenuate inflammation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia C DaSilva-Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Leroy J Seymour
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Qiaofang Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joshua R Bradish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Hassani
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongming Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nikolajs J Perdue
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Val Nemeth
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krbanjevic
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ana P M Serezani
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Matthew J Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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99
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Drake LY, Kita H. IL-33: biological properties, functions, and roles in airway disease. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:173-184. [PMID: 28658560 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL-33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL-33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essential axis for rapid immune responses and tissue homeostasis. In adaptive immunity, IL-33 interacts with dendritic cells, Th2 cells, follicular T cells, and regulatory T cells, where IL-33 influences the development of chronic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. The clinical findings that both the IL-33 and ILC2 levels are elevated in patients with allergic airway diseases suggest that IL-33 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. IL-33 and ILC2 may also serve as biomarkers for disease classification and to monitor the progression of diseases. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the biology of IL-33 and discussed the roles of the IL-33 in regulating airway immune responses and allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin Drake
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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100
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Meyer AR, Goldenring JR. Injury, repair, inflammation and metaplasia in the stomach. J Physiol 2018; 596:3861-3867. [PMID: 29427515 DOI: 10.1113/jp275512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of intestinal-type gastric cancer is preceded by the emergence of metaplastic cell lineages in the gastric mucosa. In particular, intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) have been associated with the pathological progression to intestinal-type gastric cancer. The development of SPEM represents a physiological response to damage that recruits reparative cells to sites of mucosal injury. Metaplastic cell lineages are characterized by mucus secretion, adding a protective barrier to the epithelium. Increasing evidence indicates that the influence of alarmins and cytokines is required to initiate the process of metaplasia development. In particular, IL-33 derived from epithelial cells stimulates IL-13 production by specialized innate immune cells to induce chief cell transdifferentiation into SPEM following the loss of parietal cells from the corpus of the stomach. While SPEM represents a physiological healing response to acute injury, persistent injury and chronic inflammation can perpetuate a recurring pattern of reprogramming and metaplasia that is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. The transdifferentiation of zymogen secreting cells into mucous cell metaplasia may represent both a general repair mechanism in response to mucosal injury in many epithelia as well as a common pre-neoplastic pathway associated with chronic injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Meyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,The Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,The Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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