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Aguisanda F, Thorne N, Zheng W. Targeting Wolman Disease and Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease: Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Development. Curr Chem Genom Transl Med 2017; 11:1-18. [PMID: 28401034 PMCID: PMC5362971 DOI: 10.2174/2213988501711010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolman disease (WD) and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by a deficiency in lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) due to mutations in the LIPA gene. This enzyme is critical to the proper degradation of cholesterol in the lysosome. LAL function is completely lost in WD while some residual activity remains in CESD. Both are rare diseases with an incidence rate of less than 1/100,000 births for WD and approximate 2.5/100,000 births for CESD. Clinical manifestation of WD includes hepatosplenomegaly, calcified adrenal glands, severe malabsorption and a failure to thrive. As in CESD, histological analysis of WD tissues reveals the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) and esterified cholesterol (EC) in cellular lysosomes. However, the clinical presentation of CESD is less severe and more variable than WD. This review is to provide an overview of the disease pathophysiology and the current state of therapeutic development for both of WD and CESD. The review will also discuss the application of patient derived iPSCs for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Aguisanda
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Natasha Thorne
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
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Yasgar A, Titus SA, Wang Y, Danchik C, Yang SM, Vasiliou V, Jadhav A, Maloney DJ, Simeonov A, Martinez NJ. A High-Content Assay Enables the Automated Screening and Identification of Small Molecules with Specific ALDH1A1-Inhibitory Activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170937. [PMID: 28129349 PMCID: PMC5271370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDHs) have a broad spectrum of biological activities through the oxidation of both endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. Increased expression of ALDH1A1 has been identified in a wide-range of human cancer stem cells and is associated with cancer relapse and poor prognosis, raising the potential of ALDH1A1 as a therapeutic target. To facilitate quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) campaigns for the discovery, characterization and structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies of small molecule ALDH1A1 inhibitors with cellular activity, we show herein the miniaturization to 1536-well format and automation of a high-content cell-based ALDEFLUOR assay. We demonstrate the utility of this assay by generating dose-response curves on a comprehensive set of prior art inhibitors as well as hundreds of ALDH1A1 inhibitors synthesized in house. Finally, we established a screening paradigm using a pair of cell lines with low and high ALDH1A1 expression, respectively, to uncover novel cell-active ALDH1A1-specific inhibitors from a collection of over 1,000 small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Titus
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Carina Danchik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Shyh-Ming Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - David J. Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (NJM)
| | - Natalia J. Martinez
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (NJM)
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Sun W, He S, Martínez-Romero C, Kouznetsova J, Tawa G, Xu M, Shinn P, Fisher E, Long Y, Motabar O, Yang S, Sanderson PE, Williamson PR, García-Sastre A, Qiu X, Zheng W. Synergistic drug combination effectively blocks Ebola virus infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 137:165-172. [PMID: 27890675 PMCID: PMC5182099 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although a group of FDA-approved drugs were previously identified with activity against Ebola virus (EBOV), most of them are not clinically useful because their human blood concentrations are not high enough to inhibit EBOV infection. We screened 795 unique three-drug combinations in an EBOV entry assay. Two sets of three-drug combinations, toremifene-mefloquine-posaconazole and toremifene-clarithromycin-posaconazole, were identified that effectively blocked EBOV entry and were further validated for inhibition of live EBOV infection. The individual drug concentrations in the combinations were reduced to clinically relevant levels. We identified mechanisms of action of these drugs: functional inhibitions of Niemann-Pick C1, acid sphingomyelinase, and lysosomal calcium release. Our findings identify the drug combinations with potential to treat EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Carles Martínez-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer Kouznetsova
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Gregory Tawa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Ethan Fisher
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Long
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Omid Motabar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Philip E. Sanderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter R. Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
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Walkley SU, Davidson CD, Jacoby J, Marella PD, Ottinger EA, Austin CP, Porter FD, Vite CH, Ory DS. Fostering collaborative research for rare genetic disease: the example of niemann-pick type C disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:161. [PMID: 27903269 PMCID: PMC5131440 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare disease represents one of the most significant issues facing the medical community and health care providers worldwide, yet the majority of these disorders never emerge from their obscurity, drawing little attention from the medical community or the pharmaceutical industry. The challenge therefore is how best to mobilize rare disease stakeholders to enhance basic, translational and clinical research to advance understanding of pathogenesis and accelerate therapy development. Here we describe a rare, fatal brain disorder known as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and an innovative research collaborative known as Support of Accelerated Research for NPC (SOAR-NPC) which illustrates one pathway through which knowledge of a rare disease and its possible treatments are being successfully advanced. Use of the "SOAR" mechanism, we believe, offers a blueprint for similar advancement for many other rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven U. Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Cristin D. Davidson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Jonathan Jacoby
- Hide and Seek Foundation for Lysosomal Disease Research, 6475 East Pacific Coast Highway, Suite 466, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA
| | - Philip D. Marella
- Dana’s Angels Research Trust, 15 East Putnam Ave., #117, Greenwich, CT 06830 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ottinger
- Division of PreClinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Christopher P. Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Rm 5-2571, 10CRC, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Charles H. Vite
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel S. Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8086, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Soufan O, Ba-Alawi W, Afeef M, Essack M, Kalnis P, Bajic VB. DRABAL: novel method to mine large high-throughput screening assays using Bayesian active learning. J Cheminform 2016; 8:64. [PMID: 27895719 PMCID: PMC5105261 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mining high-throughput screening (HTS) assays is key for enhancing decisions in the area of drug repositioning and drug discovery. However, many challenges are encountered in the process of developing suitable and accurate methods for extracting useful information from these assays. Virtual screening and a wide variety of databases, methods and solutions proposed to-date, did not completely overcome these challenges. This study is based on a multi-label classification (MLC) technique for modeling correlations between several HTS assays, meaning that a single prediction represents a subset of assigned correlated labels instead of one label. Thus, the devised method provides an increased probability for more accurate predictions of compounds that were not tested in particular assays. Results Here we present DRABAL, a novel MLC solution that incorporates structure learning of a Bayesian network as a step to model dependency between the HTS assays. In this study, DRABAL was used to process more than 1.4 million interactions of over 400,000 compounds and analyze the existing relationships between five large HTS assays from the PubChem BioAssay Database. Compared to different MLC methods, DRABAL significantly improves the F1Score by about 22%, on average. We further illustrated usefulness and utility of DRABAL through screening FDA approved drugs and reported ones that have a high probability to interact with several targets, thus enabling drug-multi-target repositioning. Specifically DRABAL suggests the Thiabendazole drug as a common activator of the NCP1 and Rab-9A proteins, both of which are designed to identify treatment modalities for the Niemann–Pick type C disease. Conclusion We developed a novel MLC solution based on a Bayesian active learning framework to overcome the challenge of lacking fully labeled training data and exploit actual dependencies between the HTS assays. The solution is motivated by the need to model dependencies between existing experimental confirmatory HTS assays and improve prediction performance. We have pursued extensive experiments over several HTS assays and have shown the advantages of DRABAL. The datasets and programs can be downloaded from https://figshare.com/articles/DRABAL/3309562.. ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13321-016-0177-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Soufan
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail Ba-Alawi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Afeef
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Panos Kalnis
- Infocloud Group, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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Relative efficacy of nicotinamide treatment of a mouse model of infantile Niemann-Pick C1 disease. J Appl Genet 2016; 58:99-102. [PMID: 27783333 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-016-0367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide delivered in drinking water at about 2 g/kg/day significantly prolonged survival and showed a suggestive improvement on memory in the Npc1 nih / Npc1 nih mouse model of infantile NPC1 disease. It is likely that this role is due to its function as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor although another HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid, was without effect. Nicotinamide could also work by preventing/reversing oxidative stress.
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Dai S, Li R, Long Y, Titus S, Zhao J, Huang R, Xia M, Zheng W. One-Step Seeding of Neural Stem Cells with Vitronectin-Supplemented Medium for High-Throughput Screening Assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:1112-1124. [PMID: 27647668 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116670068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human neuronal cells differentiated from induced pluripotent cells have emerged as a new model system for the study of disease pathophysiology and evaluation of drug efficacy. Differentiated neuronal cells are more similar in genetics and biological content to human brain cells than other animal disease models. However, culture of neuronal cells in assay plates requires a labor-intensive procedure of plate precoating, hampering its applications in high-throughput screening (HTS). We developed a simplified method with one-step seeding of neural stem cells in assay plates by supplementing the medium with a recombinant human vitronectin (VTN), thus avoiding plate precoating. Robust results were obtained from cell viability, calcium response, and neurite outgrowth assays using this new method. Our data demonstrate that this approach greatly simplifies high-throughput assays using neuronal cells differentiated from human stem cells for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dai
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,2 Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Long
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,3 Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steve Titus
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Long Y, Xu M, Li R, Dai S, Beers J, Chen G, Soheilian F, Baxa U, Wang M, Marugan JJ, Muro S, Li Z, Brady R, Zheng W. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Evaluation of Therapeutics for Niemann-Pick Disease Type A. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1644-1655. [PMID: 27484861 PMCID: PMC5189647 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA)-induced pluripotent stem cells from patient dermal fibroblasts were differentiated into neural stem cells. By using the differentiated NPA neuronal cells as a cell-based disease model system, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly reduced sphingomyelin accumulation in these NPA neuronal cells. This cell-based NPA model can be used for further study of disease pathophysiology and for high-throughput screening of compound libraries to identify lead compounds for drug development. Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the SMPD1 gene that encodes acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Deficiency in ASM function results in lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin and neurodegeneration. Currently, there is no effective treatment for NPA. To accelerate drug discovery for treatment of NPA, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells from two patient dermal fibroblast lines and differentiated them into neural stem cells. The NPA neural stem cells exhibit a disease phenotype of lysosomal sphingomyelin accumulation and enlarged lysosomes. By using this disease model, we also evaluated three compounds that reportedly reduced lysosomal lipid accumulation in Niemann-Pick disease type C as well as enzyme replacement therapy with ASM. We found that α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and ASM reduced sphingomyelin accumulation and enlarged lysosomes in NPA neural stem cells. Therefore, the NPA neural stem cells possess the characteristic NPA disease phenotype that can be ameliorated by tocopherols, cyclodextrin, and ASM. Our results demonstrate the efficacies of cyclodextrin and tocopherols in the NPA cell-based model. Our data also indicate that the NPA neural stem cells can be used as a new cell-based disease model for further study of disease pathophysiology and for high-throughput screening to identify new lead compounds for drug development. Significance Currently, there is no effective treatment for Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA). To accelerate drug discovery for treatment of NPA, NPA-induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from patient dermal fibroblasts and differentiated into neural stem cells. By using the differentiated NPA neuronal cells as a cell-based disease model system, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly reduced sphingomyelin accumulation in these NPA neuronal cells. Therefore, this cell-based NPA model can be used for further study of disease pathophysiology and for high-throughput screening of compound libraries to identify lead compounds for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeanette Beers
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guokai Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrich Baxa
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mengqiao Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Roscoe Brady
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Fraldi A, Klein AD, Medina DL, Settembre C. Brain Disorders Due to Lysosomal Dysfunction. Annu Rev Neurosci 2016; 39:277-95. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-014031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Andrés D. Klein
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Diego L. Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; ,
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Stern AM, Schurdak ME, Bahar I, Berg JM, Taylor DL. A Perspective on Implementing a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Platform for Drug Discovery and the Advancement of Personalized Medicine. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2016; 21:521-34. [PMID: 26962875 PMCID: PMC4917453 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116635818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug candidates exhibiting well-defined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles that are otherwise safe often fail to demonstrate proof-of-concept in phase II and III trials. Innovation in drug discovery and development has been identified as a critical need for improving the efficiency of drug discovery, especially through collaborations between academia, government agencies, and industry. To address the innovation challenge, we describe a comprehensive, unbiased, integrated, and iterative quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP)-driven drug discovery and development strategy and platform that we have implemented at the University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute. Intrinsic to QSP is its integrated use of multiscale experimental and computational methods to identify mechanisms of disease progression and to test predicted therapeutic strategies likely to achieve clinical validation for appropriate subpopulations of patients. The QSP platform can address biological heterogeneity and anticipate the evolution of resistance mechanisms, which are major challenges for drug development. The implementation of this platform is dedicated to gaining an understanding of mechanism(s) of disease progression to enable the identification of novel therapeutic strategies as well as repurposing drugs. The QSP platform will help promote the paradigm shift from reactive population-based medicine to proactive personalized medicine by focusing on the patient as the starting and the end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Stern
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark E. Schurdak
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Berg
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
Lysosomes have emerged in the last decade as an immensely important intracellular site of Ca2+ storage and signalling. More recently there has been an increase in the number of new ion channels found to be functional on lysosomes and the potential roles that these signalling pathways might play in fundamental cellular processes are being uncovered. Defects in lysosomal function have been shown to result in changes in lysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis and ultimately can result in cell death. Several neurodegenerative diseases, from rare lysosomal storage diseases through to more common diseases of ageing, have recently been identified as having alterations in lysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis that may play an important role in neuronal excitotoxicity and ultimately cell death. This review will critically summarise these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
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62
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Drug combination therapy increases successful drug repositioning. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1189-95. [PMID: 27240777 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Repositioning of approved drugs has recently gained new momentum for rapid identification and development of new therapeutics for diseases that lack effective drug treatment. Reported repurposing screens have increased dramatically in number in the past five years. However, many newly identified compounds have low potency; this limits their immediate clinical applications because the known, tolerated plasma drug concentrations are lower than the required therapeutic drug concentrations. Drug combinations of two or more compounds with different mechanisms of action are an alternative approach to increase the success rate of drug repositioning.
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63
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Xu M, Motabar O, Ferrer M, Marugan JJ, Zheng W, Ottinger EA. Disease models for the development of therapies for lysosomal storage diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1371:15-29. [PMID: 27144735 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare diseases in which the function of the lysosome is disrupted by the accumulation of macromolecules. The complexity underlying the pathogenesis of LSDs and the small, often pediatric, population of patients make the development of therapies for these diseases challenging. Current treatments are only available for a small subset of LSDs and have not been effective at treating neurological symptoms. Disease-relevant cellular and animal models with high clinical predictability are critical for the discovery and development of new treatments for LSDs. In this paper, we review how LSD patient primary cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cellular models are providing novel assay systems in which phenotypes are more similar to those of the human LSD physiology. Furthermore, larger animal disease models are providing additional tools for evaluation of the efficacy of drug candidates. Early predictors of efficacy and better understanding of disease biology can significantly affect the translational process by focusing efforts on those therapies with the higher probability of success, thus decreasing overall time and cost spent in clinical development and increasing the overall positive outcomes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Omid Motabar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Ottinger
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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64
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Geraets RD, Koh SY, Hastings ML, Kielian T, Pearce DA, Weimer JM. Moving towards effective therapeutic strategies for Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:40. [PMID: 27083890 PMCID: PMC4833901 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a family of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders that annually affect 1:100,000 live births worldwide. This family of diseases results from mutations in one of 14 different genes that share common clinical and pathological etiologies. Clinically, the diseases are subcategorized into infantile, late-infantile, juvenile and adult forms based on their age of onset. Though the disease phenotypes may vary in their age and order of presentation, all typically include progressive visual deterioration and blindness, cognitive impairment, motor deficits and seizures. Pathological hallmarks of NCLs include the accumulation of storage material or ceroid in the lysosome, progressive neuronal degeneration and massive glial activation. Advances have been made in genetic diagnosis and counseling for families. However, comprehensive treatment programs that delay or halt disease progression have been elusive. Current disease management is primarily targeted at controlling the symptoms rather than "curing" the disease. Recognizing the growing need for transparency and synergistic efforts to move the field forward, this review will provide an overview of the therapeutic approaches currently being pursued in preclinical and clinical trials to treat different forms of NCL as well as provide insight to novel therapeutic approaches in development for the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Geraets
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
- />Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Seung yon Koh
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Michelle L. Hastings
- />Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- />Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - David A. Pearce
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
- />Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
- />Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
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65
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Chang J, Kwon HJ. Discovery of novel drug targets and their functions using phenotypic screening of natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:221-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural products are valuable resources that provide a variety of bioactive compounds and natural pharmacophores in modern drug discovery. Discovery of biologically active natural products and unraveling their target proteins to understand their mode of action have always been critical hurdles for their development into clinical drugs. For effective discovery and development of bioactive natural products into novel therapeutic drugs, comprehensive screening and identification of target proteins are indispensable. In this review, a systematic approach to understanding the mode of action of natural products isolated using phenotypic screening involving chemical proteomics-based target identification is introduced. This review highlights three natural products recently discovered via phenotypic screening, namely glucopiericidin A, ecumicin, and terpestacin, as representative case studies to revisit the pivotal role of natural products as powerful tools in discovering the novel functions and druggability of targets in biological systems and pathological diseases of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Chang
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Republic of Korea
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Yonsei University 120-752 Seoul Republic of Korea
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Abstract
TRPML1 is a ubiquitously expressed cation channel found on lysosomes and late endosomes. Mutations in TRPML1 cause mucolipidosis type IV and it has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and HIV. However, the mechanisms by which TRPML1 activity is regulated are not well understood. This review summarizes the current understanding of TRPML1 activation and regulation.
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67
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Rappaport J, Manthe RL, Solomon M, Garnacho C, Muro S. A Comparative Study on the Alterations of Endocytic Pathways in Multiple Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:357-368. [PMID: 26702793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular activities and pharmaceutical interventions involve endocytosis and delivery to lysosomes for processing. Hence, lysosomal processing defects can cause cell and tissue damage, as in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) characterized by lysosomal accumulation of undegraded materials. This storage causes endocytic and trafficking alterations, which exacerbate disease and hinder treatment. However, there have been no systematic studies comparing different endocytic routes in LSDs. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological models of four LSDs (type A Niemann-Pick, type C Niemann-Pick, Fabry, and Gaucher diseases) and evaluated the pinocytic and receptor-mediated activity of the clathrin-, caveolae-, and macropinocytic routes. Bulk pinocytosis was diminished in all diseases, suggesting a generic endocytic alteration linked to lysosomal storage. Fluid-phase (dextran) and ligand (transferrin) uptake via the clathrin route were lower for all LSDs. Fluid-phase and ligand (cholera toxin B) uptake via the caveolar route were both affected but less acutely in Fabry or Gaucher diseases. Epidermal growth factor-induced macropinocytosis was altered in Niemann-Pick cells but not other LSDs. Intracellular trafficking of ligands was also distorted in LSD versus wild-type cells. The extent of these endocytic alterations paralleled the level of cholesterol storage in disease cell lines. Confirming this, pharmacological induction of cholesterol storage in wild-type cells disrupted endocytosis, and model therapeutics restored uptake in proportion to their efficacy in attenuating storage. This suggests a proportional and reversible relationship between endocytosis and lipid (cholesterol) storage. By analogy, the accumulation of biological material in other diseases, or foreign material from drugs or their carriers, may cause similar deficits, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rappaport
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Rachel L Manthe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Normal and Pathological Histology and Cytology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
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Davis LC, Platt FM, Galione A. Preferential Coupling of the NAADP Pathway to Exocytosis in T-Cells. MESSENGER (LOS ANGELES, CALIF. : PRINT) 2015; 4:53-66. [PMID: 27330870 PMCID: PMC4910867 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2015.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) kills an infected or tumorigenic cell by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of cytolytic granules at the immunological synapse formed between the two cells. However, these granules are more than reservoirs of secretory cytolytic proteins but may also serve as unique Ca2+ signaling hubs that autonomously generate their own signals for exocytosis. This review discusses a selective role for the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and its molecular targets, two-pore channels (TPCs), in stimulating exocytosis. Given that TPCs reside on the exocytotic granules themselves, these vesicles generate as well as respond to NAADP-dependent Ca2+ signals, which may have wider implications for stimulus-secretion coupling, vesicular fusion, and patho-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
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69
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Khoh-Reiter S, Sokolowski SA, Jessen B, Evans M, Dalvie D, Lu S. Contribution of membrane trafficking perturbation to retinal toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:383-95. [PMID: 25771199 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is a highly structured tissue that is formed by layers containing 7 different cell types. The photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron in the retina that is capable of absorbing and converting light into electrophysiological signals. There is a constant renewal process for photoreceptors consisting of intermittent shedding of the distal tips of the photosensitive outer segment and subsequent phagocytosis (uptake, degradation and recycling) by retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. This rebuilding process is essential for vision and the survival of photoreceptors and RPE cells. Drugs with a basic moiety have the potential to accumulate in the lysosome and impair its functions including the phagocytosis process, which could hinder clearance of outer segments and ultimately induce retinopathy. To determine the prevalence of this cellular mechanism in retinal toxicity, a collection of proprietary compounds associated with retinal toxicity were subjected to a battery of in vitro tests using the human adult retinal pigmented epithelium cell line, ARPE-19. The tests included a phagocytosis assay, and lysosomal and autophagosomal staining. The compounds that induced retinopathy clustered in the basic and lipophilic region, which drives lysosomal sequestration. This accumulation coincided with phagocytosis inhibition and an increase in autophagosome staining, suggesting a blockage of the membrane trafficking process. A correlation between the physicochemical properties and in vitro lysosomal pathway effects was established. These data reveal the importance of physicochemical properties of compounds and lysosome accumulation as a potential mechanism for drug-induced retinopathy and demonstrate the usefulness of in vitro screening in predicting this liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Khoh-Reiter
- *Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Sharon A Sokolowski
- *Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Bart Jessen
- *Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Mark Evans
- *Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Deepak Dalvie
- *Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Shuyan Lu
- *Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
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70
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Wassif CA, Cross JL, Iben J, Sanchez-Pulido L, Cougnoux A, Platt FM, Ory DS, Ponting CP, Bailey-Wilson JE, Biesecker LG, Porter FD. High incidence of unrecognized visceral/neurological late-onset Niemann-Pick disease, type C1, predicted by analysis of massively parallel sequencing data sets. Genet Med 2015; 18:41-8. [PMID: 25764212 PMCID: PMC4486368 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC) is a recessive, neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2. The diagnosis is difficult and frequently delayed. Ascertainment is likely incomplete due to both these factors and that the full phenotypic spectrum may not have been fully delineated. Given the recent development of a blood-based diagnostic test and development of potential therapies, it is important to understand the incidence of NPC and to define at risk patient populations. Method We evaluated data from four large massively parallel exome sequencing data sets. Variant sequences were identified and classified as pathogenic or non-pathogenic based on a combination of literature review and bioinformatic analysis. This methodology provided an unbiased approach to determining the allele frequency. Results Our data suggests an incidence rate for NPC1 and NPC2 of 1/92,104 and 1/2,858,998, respectively. However, evaluation of common NPC1 variants, suggests that there may be a late-onset NPC1phenotype with a markedly higher incidence on the order of 1/20,000-39,000. Conclusions We determined a combined incidence of classical NPC of 1/89,229 or 1.12 affected patients per 100,000 conceptions, but predict incomplete ascertainment of a late-onset phenotype of NPC1. This finding strongly supports the need for increased screening of potential patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Wassif
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna L Cross
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Iben
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis Sanchez-Pulido
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chris P Ponting
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Statistical Genetics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Clinical Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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71
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He L, Yang X, Zhao F, Wang K, Wang Q, Liu J, Huang J, Li W, Yang M. Self-Assembled Supramolecular Nanoprobes for Ratiometric Fluorescence Measurement of Intracellular pH Values. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2459-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key
Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan
Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
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Efthymiou AG, Steiner J, Pavan WJ, Wincovitch S, Larson DM, Porter FD, Rao MS, Malik N. Rescue of an in vitro neuron phenotype identified in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons by modulating the WNT pathway and calcium signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:230-8. [PMID: 25637190 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a familial disorder that has devastating consequences on postnatal development with multisystem effects, including neurodegeneration. There is no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment option for NPC1; however, several potentially therapeutic compounds have been identified in assays using yeast, rodent models, and NPC1 human fibroblasts. Although these discoveries were made in fibroblasts from NPC1 subjects and were in some instances validated in animal models of the disease, testing these drugs on a cell type more relevant for NPC1 neurological disease would greatly facilitate both study of the disease and identification of more relevant therapeutic compounds. Toward this goal, we have generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a subject homozygous for the most frequent NPC1 mutation (p.I1061T) and subsequently created a stable line of neural stem cells (NSCs). These NSCs were then used to create neurons as an appropriate disease model. NPC1 neurons display a premature cell death phenotype, and gene expression analysis of these cells suggests dysfunction of important signaling pathways, including calcium and WNT. The clear readout from these cells makes them ideal candidates for high-throughput screening and will be a valuable tool to better understand the development of NPC1 in neural cells, as well as to develop better therapeutic options for NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Efthymiou
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joe Steiner
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Wincovitch
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise M Larson
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nasir Malik
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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73
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Deng S, Hou G, Xue Z, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Li Z. Vitamin E isomer δ-tocopherol enhances the efficiency of neural stem cell differentiation via L-type calcium channel. Neurosci Lett 2015; 585:166-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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74
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Zeng X, Hunsberger JG, Simeonov A, Malik N, Pei Y, Rao M. Concise review: modeling central nervous system diseases using induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1418-28. [PMID: 25368377 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an opportunity to delve into the mechanisms underlying development while also affording the potential to take advantage of a number of naturally occurring mutations that contribute to either disease susceptibility or resistance. Just as with any new field, several models of screening are being explored, and innovators are working on the most efficient methods to overcome the inherent limitations of primary cell screens using iPSCs. In the present review, we provide a background regarding why iPSCs represent a paradigm shift for central nervous system (CNS) disease modeling. We describe the efforts in the field to develop more biologically relevant CNS disease models, which should provide screening assays useful for the pharmaceutical industry. We also provide some examples of successful uses for iPSC-based screens and suggest that additional development could revolutionize the field of drug discovery. The development and implementation of these advanced iPSC-based screens will create a more efficient disease-specific process underpinned by the biological mechanism in a patient- and disease-specific manner rather than by trial-and-error. Moreover, with careful and strategic planning, shared resources can be developed that will enable exponential advances in the field. This will undoubtedly lead to more sensitive and accurate screens for early diagnosis and allow the identification of patient-specific therapies, thus, paving the way to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Zeng
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua G Hunsberger
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nasir Malik
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying Pei
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mahendra Rao
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
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75
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Vitamin E dietary supplementation improves neurological symptoms and decreases c-Abl/p73 activation in Niemann-Pick C mice. Nutrients 2014; 6:3000-17. [PMID: 25079853 PMCID: PMC4145291 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of free cholesterol in lysosomes. We have previously reported that oxidative stress is the main upstream stimulus activating the proapoptotic c-Abl/p73 pathway in NPC neurons. We have also observed accumulation of vitamin E in NPC lysosomes, which could lead to a potential decrease of its bioavailability. Our aim was to determine if dietary vitamin E supplementation could improve NPC disease in mice. NPC mice received an alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH) supplemented diet and neurological symptoms, survival, Purkinje cell loss, α-TOH and nitrotyrosine levels, astrogliosis, and the c-Abl/p73 pathway functions were evaluated. In addition, the effect of α-TOH on the c-Abl/p73 pathway was evaluated in an in vitro NPC neuron model. The α-TOH rich diet delayed loss of weight, improved coordination and locomotor function and increased the survival of NPC mice. We found increased Purkinje neurons and α-TOH levels and reduced astrogliosis, nitrotyrosine and phosphorylated p73 in cerebellum. A decrease of c-Abl/p73 activation was also observed in the in vitro NPC neurons treated with α-TOH. In conclusion, our results show that vitamin E can delay neurodegeneration in NPC mice and suggest that its supplementation in the diet could be useful for the treatment of NPC patients.
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Reiner Ž, Guardamagna O, Nair D, Soran H, Hovingh K, Bertolini S, Jones S, Ćorić M, Calandra S, Hamilton J, Eagleton T, Ros E. Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency--an under-recognized cause of dyslipidaemia and liver dysfunction. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:21-30. [PMID: 24792990 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by deleterious mutations in the LIPA gene. The age at onset and rate of progression vary greatly and this may relate to the nature of the underlying mutations. Patients presenting in infancy have the most rapidly progressive disease, developing signs and symptoms in the first weeks of life and rarely surviving beyond 6 months of age. Children and adults typically present with some combination of dyslipidaemia, hepatomegaly, elevated transaminases, and microvesicular hepatosteatosis on biopsy. Liver damage with progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure occurs in a large proportion of patients. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are common features, and cardiovascular disease may manifest as early as childhood. Given that these clinical manifestations are shared with other cardiovascular, liver and metabolic diseases, it is not surprising that LAL-D is under-recognized in clinical practice. This article provides practical guidance to lipidologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists and hepatologists on how to recognize individuals with this life-limiting disease. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed with a view to achieving definitive diagnosis using a recently developed blood test for lysosomal acid lipase. Finally, current management options are reviewed in light of the ongoing development of enzyme replacement therapy with sebelipase alfa (Synageva BioPharma Corp., Lexington, MA, USA), a recombinant human lysosomal acid lipase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Reiner
- University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Department of Public and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Devaki Nair
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Handrean Soran
- Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Bertolini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simon Jones
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Marijana Ćorić
- University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sebastiano Calandra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - John Hamilton
- Biochemistry Department, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK
| | - Terence Eagleton
- Synageva BioPharma Corp., 33 Hayden Ave., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigations Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, C. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carloss III (ISCIII), Spain.
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77
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Yu D, Swaroop M, Wang M, Baxa U, Yang R, Yan Y, Coksaygan T, DeTolla L, Marugan JJ, Austin CP, McKew JC, Gong DW, Zheng W. Niemann-Pick Disease Type C: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Cells for Modeling Neural Disease and Evaluating Drug Efficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1164-73. [PMID: 24907126 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114537378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by recessive mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene that result in lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in patient cells. Patient fibroblasts have been used for evaluation of compound efficacy, although neuronal degeneration is the hallmark of NPC disease. Here, we report the application of human NPC1 neural stem cells as a cell-based disease model to evaluate nine compounds that have been reported to be efficacious in the NPC1 fibroblasts and mouse models. These cells are differentiated from NPC1 induced pluripotent stem cells and exhibit a phenotype of lysosomal cholesterol accumulation. Treatment of these cells with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, and δ-tocopherol significantly ameliorated the lysosomal cholesterol accumulation. Combined treatment with cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol shows an additive or synergistic effect that otherwise requires 10-fold higher concentration of cyclodextrin alone. In addition, we found that hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is much more potent and efficacious in the NPC1 neural stem cells compared to the NPC1 fibroblasts. Miglustat, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, curcumin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and rapamycin did not, however, have significant effects in these cells. The results demonstrate that patient-derived NPC1 neural stem cells can be used as a model system for evaluation of drug efficacy and study of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozhan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manju Swaroop
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mengqiao Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Baxa
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rongze Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Turhan Coksaygan
- Comparative Medicine Program, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John C McKew
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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78
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Brooks P, Tagle DA, Groft S. Expanding rare disease drug trials based on shared molecular etiology. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:515-8. [PMID: 24911489 PMCID: PMC4548299 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Brooks
- Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7518
| | - Danilo A. Tagle
- Office of Special Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7518
| | - Steve Groft
- Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7518
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79
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Logan R, Kong AC, Axcell E, Krise JP. Amine-Containing Molecules and the Induction of an Expanded Lysosomal Volume Phenotype: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1572-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Matalonga L, Arias A, Coll MJ, Garcia-Villoria J, Gort L, Ribes A. Treatment effect of coenzyme Q(10) and an antioxidant cocktail in fibroblasts of patients with Sanfilippo disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:439-46. [PMID: 24347096 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a key role in the exchange of electrons in lysosomal membrane, which contributes to protons' translocation into the lumen and to the acidification of intra-lysosomal medium, which is essential for the proteolytic function of hydrolases responsible -when deficient- of a wide range of inherited lysosomal diseases such as Sanfilippo syndromes. Our aim was to evaluate whether treatment with CoQ10 or with an antioxidant cocktail (α-tocopherol, N-acetylcysteine and α-lipoic acid) were able to ameliorate the biochemical phenotype in cultured fibroblasts of Sanfilippo patients. Basal CoQ10 was analyzed in fibroblasts and Sanfilippo A patients showed decreased basal levels. However, no dysfunction in the CoQ10 biosynthesis pathways was found, revealing for the first time a secondary CoQ10 deficiency in Sanfilippo A fibroblasts. Cultured fibroblasts from five patients affected by Sanfilippo A and B diseases were treated with CoQ10 and an antioxidant cocktail. Upon CoQ10 treatment, none of the Sanfilippo A fibroblasts increased their residual enzymatic activity, but the two Sanfilippo B cell lines showed a statistically significant increase of their residual activity. The antioxidant treatment had no effect on the residual activity in all tested cell lines. Moreover, one Sanfilippo A and two Sanfilippo B fibroblasts showed a statistically significant reduction of glycosaminoglycans accumulation both, after 50 μmol/L CoQ10 and antioxidant treatment. Fibroblasts responsive to treatment enhanced their exocytosis levels. Our results are encouraging as some cellular alterations observed in Sanfilippo syndrome can be partially restored by CoQ10 or other antioxidant treatment in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Matalonga
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme-IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Edifici Helios III, planta baixa, C/Mejía Lequerica s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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81
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Tamura A, Yui N. Lysosomal-specific cholesterol reduction by biocleavable polyrotaxanes for ameliorating Niemann-Pick type C disease. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4356. [PMID: 24619155 PMCID: PMC3950578 DOI: 10.1038/srep04356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal trafficking disorder, in which the cholesterols are abnormally accumulated in lysosomes. Recently, the β-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives are revealed to show therapeutic effect for NPC disease through the removal of accumulated cholesterols in lysosomes. Herein, to enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the toxicity of β-CD derivatives, biocleavable Pluronic/β-CD-based polyrotaxanes (PRXs) bearing terminal disulfide linkages that can release threaded β-CDs in lysosomes were developed. The biocleavable PRXs show negligible interaction with the plasma membrane, leading to avoiding the toxicity of β-CDs derived from their hydrophobic cavity. Additionally, lysosomal release of threaded β-CDs from biocleavable PRXs by the intracellular cleavage of terminal disulfide linkages is found to achieve approximately 100-fold higher cholesterol removal ability from NPC disease-derived cells than β-CD derivatives. Consequently, the biocleavable PRXs is considered to be a noninvasive and effective therapeutics for NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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82
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Vilaça R, Silva E, Nadais A, Teixeira V, Matmati N, Gaifem J, Hannun YA, Sá Miranda MC, Costa V. Sphingolipid signalling mediates mitochondrial dysfunctions and reduced chronological lifespan in the yeast model of Niemann-Pick type C1. Mol Microbiol 2013; 91:438-51. [PMID: 24286211 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Niemann-Pick type C is a rare metabolic disease with a severe neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by an accumulation of high amounts of lipids (cholesterol and sphingolipids) in the late endosomal/lysosomal network. It is caused by loss-of-function point mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2, which seem to mediate proper intracellular lipid transport through endocytic pathway. In this study, we show that yeast cells lacking Ncr1p, an orthologue of mammalian NPC1, exhibited a higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and a shortened chronological lifespan. These phenotypes were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress markers, decreased levels of antioxidant defences and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Moreover, we report that Ncr1p-deficient cells displayed high levels of long chain bases (LCB), and that Sch9p-phospho-T570 and Sch9p levels increased in ncr1Δ cells through a mechanism regulated by Pkh1p, a LCB-activated protein kinase. Notably, deletion of PKH1 or SCH9 suppressed ncr1Δ phenotypes but downregulation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis had no protective effect, suggesting that LCBs accumulation may result from an increased turnover of complex sphingolipids. These results suggest that sphingolipid signalling through Pkh1p-Sch9p mediate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress sensitivity and shortened chronological lifespan in the yeast model of Niemann-Pick type C disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vilaça
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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83
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84
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Molino D, Galli T. Biogenesis and transport of membrane domains-potential implications in brain pathologies. Biochimie 2013; 96:75-84. [PMID: 24075975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipids in biological membranes show astonishing chemical diversity, but they also show some key conserved structures in different organisms. In addition, some of their biophysical properties have been related to specific functions. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of sphingolipids- and cholesterol-rich micro- and nano-membrane domains (MD) and highlight their pivotal role in lipid-protein clustering processes, vesicle biogenesis and membrane fusion. We further review potential connections between human pathologies and defects in MD biosynthesis, recycling and homeostasis. Brain, which is second only to the adipose tissues in term of lipid abundance, is particularly affected by MD defects which are linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Finally we propose a potential connection between MD and several nutrient-related processes and envision how diet and autophagy could bring insights towards understanding the impact of global lipid homeostasis on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Molino
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France; INSERM ERL U950, Membrane Traffic in Neuronal and Epithelial Morphogenesis, F-75013 Paris, France.
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85
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Rodriguez-Gil JL, Larson DM, Wassif CA, Yanjanin NM, Anderson SM, Kirby MR, Trivedi NS, Porter FD, Pavan WJ. A somatic cell defect is associated with the onset of neurological symptoms in a lysosomal storage disease. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:188-90. [PMID: 23850077 PMCID: PMC3775472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in individuals with the lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) are heterogeneous, not localized to specific protein domains, and not correlated to time of onset or disease severity. We demonstrate direct correlation of the time of neurological symptom onset with the severity of lysosomal defects in NPC1 patient-derived fibroblasts. This is a novel assay for NPC1 individuals that may be predictive of NPC1 disease progression and broadly applicable to other lysosomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Denise M. Larson
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A. Wassif
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole M. Yanjanin
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stacie M. Anderson
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martha R. Kirby
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Niraj S. Trivedi
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National, Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William J. Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Corresponding author: William J. Pavan, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 4A82, Bethesda, MD 20892-4472, , 301-496-7584 (phone), 301-402-2170 (FAX)
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86
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Xu M, Liu K, Swaroop M, Sun W, Dehdashti SJ, McKew JC, Zheng W. A phenotypic compound screening assay for lysosomal storage diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:168-75. [PMID: 23983233 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113501197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The lysosome is a vital cellular organelle that primarily functions as a recycling center for breaking down unwanted macromolecules through a series of hydrolases. Functional deficiencies in lysosomal proteins due to genetic mutations have been found in more than 50 lysosomal storage diseases that exhibit characteristic lipid/macromolecule accumulation and enlarged lysosomes. Recently, the lysosome has emerged as a new therapeutic target for drug development for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases. However, a suitable assay for compound screening against the diseased lysosomes is currently unavailable. We have developed a Lysotracker staining assay that measures the enlarged lysosomes in patient-derived cells using both fluorescence intensity readout and fluorescence microscopic measurement. This phenotypic assay has been tested in patient cells obtained from several lysosomal storage diseases and validated using a known compound, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, in primary fibroblast cells derived from Niemann Pick C disease patients. The results demonstrate that the Lysotracker assay can be used in compound screening for the identification of lead compounds that are capable of reducing enlarged lysosomes for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- 1Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Disease, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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87
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Sun W, Park YD, Sugui JA, Fothergill A, Southall N, Shinn P, McKew JC, Kwon-Chung KJ, Zheng W, Williamson PR. Rapid identification of antifungal compounds against Exserohilum rostratum using high throughput drug repurposing screens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70506. [PMID: 23990907 PMCID: PMC3749181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent large outbreak of fungal infections by Exserohilum rostratum from contaminated compounding solutions has highlighted the need to rapidly screen available pharmaceuticals that could be useful in therapy. The present study utilized two newly-developed high throughput assays to screen approved drugs and pharmaceutically active compounds for identification of potential antifungal agents. Several known drugs were found that have potent effects against E. rostratum including the triazole antifungal posaconazole. Posaconazole is likely to be effective against infections involving septic joints and may provide an alternative for refractory central nervous system infections. The anti-E. rostratum activities of several other drugs including bithionol (an anti-parasitic drug), tacrolimus (an immunosuppressive agent) and floxuridine (an antimetabolite) were also identified from the drug repurposing screens. In addition, activities of other potential antifungal agents against E. rostratum were excluded, which may avoid unnecessary therapeutic trials and reveals the limited therapeutic alternatives for this outbreak. In summary, this study has demonstrated that drug repurposing screens can be quickly conducted within a useful time-frame. This would allow clinical implementation of identified alternative therapeutics and should be considered as part of the initial public health response to new outbreaks or rapidly-emerging microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Dong Park
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janyce A. Sugui
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Annette Fothergill
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John C. McKew
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Immunology and International Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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88
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Boustany RMN. Lysosomal storage diseases--the horizon expands. NATURE REVIEWS. NEUROLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23938739 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.163]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the lysosome in 1955, advances have been made in understanding the key roles and functions of this organelle. The concept of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs)--disorders characterized by aberrant, excessive storage of cellular material in lysosomes--developed following the discovery of α-glucosidase deficiency as the cause of Pompe disease in 1963. Great strides have since been made in understanding the pathobiology of LSDs and the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). The NCLs are neurodegenerative disorders that display symptoms of cognitive and motor decline, seizures, blindness, early death, and accumulation of lipofuscin in various cell types, and also show some similarities to 'classic' LSDs. Defective lysosomal storage can occur in many cell types, but the CNS and PNS are particularly vulnerable to LSDs and NCLs, being affected in two-thirds of these disorders. Most LSDs are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with the exception of X-linked Hunter disease, Fabry disease and Danon disease, and a variant type of adult NCL (Kuf disease). This Review provides a summary of known LSDs, and the pathways affected in these disorders. Existing therapies and barriers to development of novel and improved treatments for LSDs and NCLs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Mary Naaman Boustany
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the lysosome in 1955, advances have been made in understanding the key roles and functions of this organelle. The concept of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs)--disorders characterized by aberrant, excessive storage of cellular material in lysosomes--developed following the discovery of α-glucosidase deficiency as the cause of Pompe disease in 1963. Great strides have since been made in understanding the pathobiology of LSDs and the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). The NCLs are neurodegenerative disorders that display symptoms of cognitive and motor decline, seizures, blindness, early death, and accumulation of lipofuscin in various cell types, and also show some similarities to 'classic' LSDs. Defective lysosomal storage can occur in many cell types, but the CNS and PNS are particularly vulnerable to LSDs and NCLs, being affected in two-thirds of these disorders. Most LSDs are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with the exception of X-linked Hunter disease, Fabry disease and Danon disease, and a variant type of adult NCL (Kuf disease). This Review provides a summary of known LSDs, and the pathways affected in these disorders. Existing therapies and barriers to development of novel and improved treatments for LSDs and NCLs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Mary Naaman Boustany
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mutations in lysosomal acid lipase A (LIPA) result in two phenotypes depending on the extent of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency: the severe, early-onset Wolman disease or the less severe cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). In CESD, the severity of the symptoms, hepatomegaly and hypercholesterolaemia, can be highly variable, presenting in childhood or adulthood. Therefore, it is likely that many patients are undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Nevertheless, LAL deficiency has been recognized for more than 25 years, but adequate therapeutic strategies are limited. RECENT FINDINGS CESD has an estimated prevalence of one in 90,000 to 170,000 individuals in the general population, confirming the likelihood that this disease is currently underdiagnosed. A number of studies have shown that in LIPA deficient patients the hypercholesterolaemic phenotype can be attenuated using statin therapy, and favourable effects on reduction of lipid accumulation in lysosomes have been reported. Targeting lysosomal exocytosis with LAL replacement therapy was shown to be successful in animal models and recently a phase I/II study demonstrated its safety and its potential metabolic efficacy on transaminase levels. SUMMARY The hypercholesterolaemic phenotype in CESD can be difficult to distinguish from other known hypercholesterolaemic disorders. In the majority of CESD cases with hypercholesterolaemia favourable responses on statin treatment are observed, but the effect on reduction of lipid accumulation in lysosomes needs to be further evaluated. Combining statins with LAL replacement therapy may provide a promising approach for optimal treatment of LIPA deficiencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid W Fouchier
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zheng W, Thorne N, McKew JC. Phenotypic screens as a renewed approach for drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1067-73. [PMID: 23850704 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The significant reduction in the number of newly approved drugs in the past decade has been partially attributed to failures in discovery and validation of new targets. Evaluation of recently approved new drugs has revealed that the number of approved drugs discovered through phenotypic screens, an original drug screening paradigm, has exceeded those discovered through the molecular target-based approach. Phenotypic screening is thus gaining new momentum in drug discovery with the hope that this approach may revitalize drug discovery and improve the success rate of drug approval through the discovery of viable lead compounds and identification of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA.
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Wolfe DM, Lee JH, Kumar A, Lee S, Orenstein SJ, Nixon RA. Autophagy failure in Alzheimer's disease and the role of defective lysosomal acidification. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1949-61. [PMID: 23773064 PMCID: PMC3694736 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process which recycles cellular waste and eliminates potentially toxic damaged organelles and protein aggregates. The important cytoprotective functions of autophagy are demonstrated by the diverse pathogenic consequences that may stem from autophagy dysregulation in a growing number of neurodegenerative disorders. In many of the diseases associated with autophagy anomalies, it is the final stage of autophagy-lysosomal degradation that is disrupted. In several disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), defective lysosomal acidification contributes to this proteolytic failure. The complex regulation of lysosomal pH makes this process vulnerable to disruption by many factors, and reliable lysosomal pH measurements have become increasingly important in investigations of disease mechanisms. Although various reagents for pH quantification have been developed over several decades, they are not all equally well suited for measuring the pH of lysosomes. Here, we evaluate the most commonly used pH probes for sensitivity and localisation, and identify LysoSensor yellow/blue-dextran, among currently used probes, as having the optimal profile of properties for measuring lysosomal pH. In addition, we review evidence that lysosomal acidification is defective in AD and extend our original findings, of elevated lysosomal pH in presenilin 1 (PS1)-deficient blastocysts and neurons, to additional cell models of PS1 and PS1/2 deficiency, to fibroblasts from AD patients with PS1 mutations, and to neurons in the PS/APP mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M. Wolfe
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
| | - Ju-hyun Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
| | - Asok Kumar
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
- Department of Pathology, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
| | - Samantha J. Orenstein
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, USA 10461
| | - Ralph A. Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
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Spampanato C, Feeney E, Li L, Cardone M, Lim JA, Annunziata F, Zare H, Polishchuk R, Puertollano R, Parenti G, Ballabio A, Raben N. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a new therapeutic target for Pompe disease. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:691-706. [PMID: 23606558 PMCID: PMC3662313 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently proposed therapeutic approach for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) relies upon the ability of transcription factor EB (TFEB) to stimulate autophagy and induce lysosomal exocytosis leading to cellular clearance. This approach is particularly attractive in glycogen storage disease type II [a severe metabolic myopathy, Pompe disease (PD)] as the currently available therapy, replacement of the missing enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase, fails to reverse skeletal muscle pathology. PD, a paradigm for LSDs, is characterized by both lysosomal abnormality and dysfunctional autophagy. Here, we show that TFEB is a viable therapeutic target in PD: overexpression of TFEB in a new muscle cell culture system and in mouse models of the disease reduced glycogen load and lysosomal size, improved autophagosome processing, and alleviated excessive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Unexpectedly, the exocytosed vesicles were labelled with lysosomal and autophagosomal membrane markers, suggesting that TFEB induces exocytosis of autophagolysosomes. Furthermore, the effects of TFEB were almost abrogated in the setting of genetically suppressed autophagy, supporting the role of autophagy in TFEB-mediated cellular clearance.
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