51
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Cortes J, Tamura K, DeAngelo DJ, de Bono J, Lorente D, Minden M, Uy GL, Kantarjian H, Chen LS, Gandhi V, Godin R, Keating K, McEachern K, Vishwanathan K, Pease JE, Dean E. Phase I studies of AZD1208, a proviral integration Moloney virus kinase inhibitor in solid and haematological cancers. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1425-1433. [PMID: 29765150 PMCID: PMC5988656 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proviral integration Moloney virus (PIM) kinases (PIM1, 2 and 3) are overexpressed in several tumour types and contribute to oncogenesis. AZD1208 is a potent ATP-competitive PIM kinase inhibitor investigated in patients with recurrent or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or advanced solid tumours. Methods Two dose-escalation studies were performed to evaluate the safety and tolerability, and to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), of AZD1208 in AML and solid tumours. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PD) and preliminary efficacy of AZD1208. Results Sixty-seven patients received treatment: 32 in the AML study over a 120–900 mg dose range, and 25 in the solid tumour study over a 120–800 mg dose range. Nearly all patients (98.5%) in both studies experienced adverse events, mostly gastrointestinal (92.5%). Dose-limiting toxicities included rash, fatigue and vomiting. AZD1208 was not tolerated at 900 mg, and the protocol-defined MTD was not confirmed. AZD1208 increased CYP3A4 activity after multiple dosing, resulting in increased drug clearance. There were no clinical responses; PD analysis showed biological activity of AZD1208. Conclusions Despite the lack of single-agent clinical efficacy with AZD1208, PIM kinase inhibition may hold potential as an anticancer treatment, perhaps in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast Oncology and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Room D-2050, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Johann de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - David Lorente
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Mark Minden
- Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Uy
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Lisa S Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Robert Godin
- AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Karen Keating
- AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emma Dean
- Clinical Trials Unit, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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52
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Białopiotrowicz E, Górniak P, Noyszewska-Kania M, Puła B, Makuch-Łasica H, Nowak G, Bluszcz A, Szydłowski M, Jabłonska E, Piechna K, Sewastianik T, Polak A, Lech-Marańda E, Budziszewska BK, Wasylecka-Juszczyńska M, Borg K, Warzocha K, Czardybon W, Gałęzowski M, Windak R, Brzózka K, Juszczyński P. Microenvironment-induced PIM kinases promote CXCR4-triggered mTOR pathway required for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cell migration. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3548-3559. [PMID: 29665227 PMCID: PMC6010703 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node microenvironment provides chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells with signals promoting their survival and granting resistance to chemotherapeutics. CLL cells overexpress PIM kinases, which regulate apoptosis, cell cycle and migration. We demonstrate that BCR crosslinking, CD40 stimulation, and coculture with stromal cells increases PIMs expression in CLL cells, indicating microenvironment‐dependent PIMs regulation. PIM1 and PIM2 expression at diagnosis was higher in patients with advanced disease (Binet C vs. Binet A/B) and in those, who progressed after first‐line treatment. In primary CLL cells, inhibition of PIM kinases with a pan‐PIM inhibitor, SEL24‐B489, decreased PIM‐specific substrate phosphorylation and induced dose‐dependent apoptosis in leukaemic, but not in normal B cells. Cytotoxicity of SEL24‐B489 was similar in TP53‐mutant and TP53 wild‐type cells. Finally, inhibition of PIM kinases decreased CXCR4‐mediated cell chemotaxis in two related mechanisms‐by decreasing CXCR4 phosphorylation and surface expression, and by limiting CXCR4‐triggered mTOR pathway activity. Importantly, PIM and mTOR inhibitors similarly impaired migration, indicating that CXCL12‐triggered mTOR is required for CLL cell chemotaxis. Given the microenvironment‐modulated PIM expression, their pro‐survival function and a role of PIMs in CXCR4‐induced migration, inhibition of these kinases might override microenvironmental protection and be an attractive therapeutic strategy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Białopiotrowicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Górniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Noyszewska-Kania
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Makuch-Łasica
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Nowak
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bluszcz
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłonska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Piechna
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Marańda
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena K Budziszewska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Borg
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Warzocha
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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53
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Brunen D, de Vries RC, Lieftink C, Beijersbergen RL, Bernards R. PIM Kinases Are a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:849-857. [PMID: 29440296 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of high-risk neuroblastoma patients are refractory to, or relapse on, current treatment regimens, resulting in 5-year survival rates of less than 50%. This emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we report that high PIM kinase expression is correlated with poor overall survival. Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with the pan-PIM inhibitors AZD1208 or PIM-447 suppressed proliferation through inhibition of mTOR signaling. In a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines, we observed a marked binary response to PIM inhibition, suggesting that specific genetic lesions control responses to PIM inhibition. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen, we identified NF1 loss as the major resistance mechanism to PIM kinase inhibitors. Treatment with AZD1208 impaired the growth of NF1 wild-type xenografts, while NF1 knockout cells were insensitive. Thus, our data indicate that PIM inhibition may be a novel targeted therapy in NF1 wild-type neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(4); 849-57. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Brunen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romy C de Vries
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Pim kinases are being implicated in oncogenic process in various human cancers. Pim kinases primarily deal with three broad categories of functions such as tumorigenesis, protecting cells from apoptotic signals and evading immune attacks. Here in this review, we discuss the regulation of Pim kinases and their expression, and how these kinases defend cancer cells from therapeutic and immune attacks with special emphasis on how Pim kinases maintain their own expression during apoptosis and cellular transformation, defend mitochondria during apoptosis, defend cancer cells from immune attack, defend cancer cells from therapeutic attack, choose localization, self-regulation, activation of oncogenic transcription, metabolic regulation and so on. In addition, we also discuss how Pim kinases contribute to tumorigenesis by regulating cellular transformation and glycolysis to reinforce the importance of Pim kinases in cancer and cancer stem cells.
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55
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Aziz AUR, Farid S, Qin K, Wang H, Liu B. PIM Kinases and Their Relevance to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in the Regulation of Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8010007. [PMID: 29401696 PMCID: PMC5871976 DOI: 10.3390/biom8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a medical term that includes a number of tumors with different molecular biology, phenotypes, tumor progression, etiology, and even different diagnosis. Some specific treatments are required to address this heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, thus molecular characterization may provide an important tool for this purpose. On a molecular level, proviral-integration site for Moloney-murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are over expressed in ovarian cancer and play a vital role in the regulation of different proteins responsible for this tumorigenesis. Likewise, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is also a central regulator of the ovarian cancer. Interestingly, recent research has linked the PIM kinases to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in several types of cancers, but their connection in ovarian cancer has not been studied yet. Once the exact relationship of PIM kinases with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is acquired in ovarian cancer, it will hopefully provide effective treatments on a molecular level. This review mainly focuses on the role of PIM kinases in ovarian cancer and their interactions with proteins involved in its progression. In addition, this review suggests a connection between the PIM kinases and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and their parallel mechanism in the regulation of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Sumbal Farid
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hanqin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou 441300, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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56
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Brunen D, García-Barchino MJ, Malani D, Jagalur Basheer N, Lieftink C, Beijersbergen RL, Murumägi A, Porkka K, Wolf M, Zwaan CM, Fornerod M, Kallioniemi O, Martínez-Climent JÁ, Bernards R. Intrinsic resistance to PIM kinase inhibition in AML through p38α-mediated feedback activation of mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37407-37419. [PMID: 27270648 PMCID: PMC5122321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although conventional therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are effective in inducing remission, many patients relapse upon treatment. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel therapies. PIM kinases are often overexpressed in AML and DLBCL and are therefore an attractive therapeutic target. However, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that intrinsic resistance to PIM inhibition is common. It is therefore likely that only a minority of patients will benefit from single agent PIM inhibitor treatment. In this study, we performed an shRNA-based genetic screen to identify kinases whose suppression is synergistic with PIM inhibition. Here, we report that suppression of p38α (MAPK14) is synthetic lethal with the PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208. PIM inhibition elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently activates p38α and downstream AKT/mTOR signaling. We found that p38α inhibitors sensitize hematological tumor cell lines to AZD1208 treatment in vitro and in vivo. These results were validated in ex vivo patient-derived AML cells. Our findings provide mechanistic and translational evidence supporting the rationale to test a combination of p38α and PIM inhibitors in clinical trials for AML and DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Brunen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Disha Malani
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noorjahan Jagalur Basheer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Murumägi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maija Wolf
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Fornerod
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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57
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Santio NM, Landor SKJ, Vahtera L, Ylä-Pelto J, Paloniemi E, Imanishi SY, Corthals G, Varjosalo M, Manoharan GB, Uri A, Lendahl U, Sahlgren C, Koskinen PJ. Phosphorylation of Notch1 by Pim kinases promotes oncogenic signaling in breast and prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43220-43238. [PMID: 27281612 PMCID: PMC5190019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving co-operation between several deregulated oncoproteins. In this study, we unravel previously unrecognized interactions and crosstalk between Pim kinases and the Notch signaling pathway, with implications for both breast and prostate cancer. We identify Notch1 and Notch3, but not Notch2, as novel Pim substrates and demonstrate that for Notch1, the serine residue 2152 is phosphorylated by all three Pim family kinases. This target site is located in the second nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), and is shown to be important for both nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of N1ICD. Phosphorylation-dependent stimulation of Notch1 signaling promotes migration of prostate cancer cells, balances glucose metabolism in breast cancer cells, and supports in vivo growth of both types of cancer cells on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes. Furthermore, Pim-induced growth of orthotopic prostate xenografts in mice is associated with enhanced nuclear Notch1 activity. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of Pim and Notch abrogates the cellular responses more efficiently than individual treatments, opening up new vistas for combinatorial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina M Santio
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Vahtera
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Ylä-Pelto
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Current address: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Garry Corthals
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Current address: Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Päivi J Koskinen
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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58
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Santio NM, Koskinen PJ. PIM kinases: From survival factors to regulators of cell motility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 93:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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59
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Rebello RJ, Huglo AV, Furic L. PIM activity in tumours: A key node of therapy resistance. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 67:163-169. [PMID: 29111105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The PIM kinases are proto-oncogenes which have been shown to facilitate cell survival and proliferation to drive malignancy and resistance post-therapy. They are able to suppress cell death signals, sustain PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway activity and regulate the MYC oncogenic program. Recent work has revealed PIM kinase essentiality for advanced tumour maintenance and described tumour sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors targeting PIM kinase in multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rebello
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alisée V Huglo
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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60
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Barberis C, Moorcroft N, Pribish J, Tserlin E, Gross A, Czekaj M, Barrague M, Erdman P, Majid T, Batchelor J, Levit M, Hebert A, Shen L, Moreno-Mazza S, Wang A. Discovery of N-substituted 7-azaindoles as Pan-PIM kinase inhibitors - Lead series identification - Part II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4735-4740. [PMID: 28927793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
N-Substituted azaindoles have been discovered as pan-PIM kinase inhibitors. Initial SAR, early ADME and PK/PD data of a series of compounds is described and led to the identification of promising pan-PIM inhibitors which validated our interest in the 7-azaindole scaffold and led us to pursue the identification of a clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Barberis
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | - Neil Moorcroft
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - James Pribish
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Elina Tserlin
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Alexandre Gross
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Mark Czekaj
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Matthieu Barrague
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Paul Erdman
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Tahir Majid
- IDD Medicinal Chemistry, Sanofi Genzyme, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Joseph Batchelor
- IDD In Vitro Biology, Sanofi, 153 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Mikhail Levit
- Oncology Biology, Sanofi, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Hebert
- Oncology Biology, Sanofi, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liduo Shen
- DSAR, Sanofi Genzyme, 211 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Anlai Wang
- Oncology Biology, Sanofi, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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61
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Nair JR, Caserta J, Belko K, Howell T, Fetterley G, Baldino C, Lee KP. Novel inhibition of PIM2 kinase has significant anti-tumor efficacy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 31:1715-1726. [PMID: 28008178 PMCID: PMC5537056 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The PIM kinase family (PIM1, 2 and 3) have a central role in integrating growth and survival signals, and are expressed in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies. We now confirm that PIM2 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and within MM group it is overexpressed in the high-risk MF subset (activation of proto-oncogenes MAF/MAFB). This is consistent with our finding of PIM2's role in key signaling pathways (IL-6, CD28 activation) that confer chemotherapy resistance in MM cells. These studies have identified a novel PIM2-selective non-ATP competitive inhibitor (JP11646) that has a 4 to 760-fold greater suppression of MM proliferation and viability than ATP-competitive PIM inhibitors. This increased efficacy is due not only to the inhibition of PIM2 kinase activity, but also to a novel mechanism involving specific downregulation of PIM2 mRNA and protein expression not seen with the ATP competitive inhibitors. Treatment with JP11646 in xenogeneic myeloma murine models demonstrated significant reduction in tumor burden and increased median survival. Altogether our findings suggest the existence of previously unrecognized feedback loop(s) where PIM2 kinase activity regulates PIM2 gene expression in malignant cells, and that JP11646 represents a novel class of PIM2 inhibitors that interdicts this feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar R. Nair
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Justin Caserta
- Jasco Pharmaceuticals, 10-N Roessler Road, Woburn, MA 01801
- Boston Biomedical, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Krista Belko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Tyger Howell
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Gerald Fetterley
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Carmen Baldino
- Jasco Pharmaceuticals, 10-N Roessler Road, Woburn, MA 01801
| | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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Mary Photini S, Chaiwangyen W, Weber M, Al-Kawlani B, Favaro RR, Jeschke U, Schleussner E, Morales-Prieto DM, Markert UR. PIM kinases 1, 2 and 3 in intracellular LIF signaling, proliferation and apoptosis in trophoblastic cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:275-283. [PMID: 28729093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Proviral insertion in murine (PIM) lymphoma proteins are mainly regulated by the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which can be activated by members of the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, including Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). Aim of the study was to compare PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3 expression and potential cellular functions in human first and third trimester trophoblast cells, the immortalized first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo and the choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3. Expression was analyzed by qPCR and immunochemical staining. Functions were evaluated by PIM inhibition followed by analysis of kinetics of cell viability as assessed by MTS assay, proliferation by BrdU assay, and apoptosis by Western blotting for BAD, BCL-XL, (cleaved) PARP, CASP3 and c-MYC. Apoptosis and necrosis were tested by flow cytometry (annexin V/propidium iodide staining). All analyzed PIM kinases are expressed in primary trophoblast cells and both cell lines and are regulated upon stimulation with LIF. Inhibition of PIM kinases significantly reduces viability and proliferation and induces apoptosis. Simultaneously, phosphorylation of c-MYC was reduced. These results demonstrate the involvement of PIM kinases in LIF-induced regulation in different trophoblastic cell lines which may indicate similar functions in primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Mary Photini
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Wittaya Chaiwangyen
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Maja Weber
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Boodor Al-Kawlani
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Rodolfo R Favaro
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Reproductive and Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schleussner
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Diana M Morales-Prieto
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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63
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PIM1: a promising target in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:142. [PMID: 28721678 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have poor prognosis, and chemotherapy remains the mainstay of therapy because of lack of discovered possible target. MYC were found overexpressed in TNBCs compared with other subtypes and especially in those resistant to chemotherapy, but the inhibition has been challenging to achieve. Recently, the cooperation of PIM1 and MYC was identified involved in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis of TNBCs, which has been reported in hematological malignancy and prostatic cancer. Inhibition of PIM1 can promote the apoptosis of tumor cells and enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy. Notably, PIM1-null mice develop normally and are fertile, suggesting the side effects can be tolerated. Thus, PIM1 may be a promising target in TNBCs and further investigation, both in vivo and in vitro, needs to be carried out.
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64
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Zwang Y, Jonas O, Chen C, Rinne ML, Doench JG, Piccioni F, Tan L, Huang HT, Wang J, Ham YJ, O'Connell J, Bhola P, Doshi M, Whitman M, Cima M, Letai A, Root DE, Langer RS, Gray N, Hahn WC. Synergistic interactions with PI3K inhibition that induce apoptosis. eLife 2017; 6:e24523. [PMID: 28561737 PMCID: PMC5479695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations involving the PI3K pathway occur frequently in human cancers. However, PI3K inhibitors primarily induce cell cycle arrest, leaving a significant reservoir of tumor cells that may acquire or exhibit resistance. We searched for genes that are required for the survival of PI3K mutant cancer cells in the presence of PI3K inhibition by conducting a genome scale shRNA-based apoptosis screen in a PIK3CA mutant human breast cancer cell. We identified 5 genes (PIM2, ZAK, TACC1, ZFR, ZNF565) whose suppression induced cell death upon PI3K inhibition. We showed that small molecule inhibitors of the PIM2 and ZAK kinases synergize with PI3K inhibition. In addition, using a microscale implementable device to deliver either siRNAs or small molecule inhibitors in vivo, we showed that suppressing these 5 genes with PI3K inhibition induced tumor regression. These observations identify targets whose inhibition synergizes with PI3K inhibitors and nominate potential combination therapies involving PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Zwang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Oliver Jonas
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Casandra Chen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Mikael L Rinne
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Hai-Tsang Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Young Jin Ham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joyce O'Connell
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Mihir Doshi
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Matthew Whitman
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Michael Cima
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Robert S Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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65
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Kim J, Choi S, Saxena N, Singh AK, Singh I, Won JS. Regulation of STAT3 and NF-κB activations by S-nitrosylation in multiple myeloma. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:245-253. [PMID: 28232202 PMCID: PMC5826580 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports suggest that aberrant activations of STAT3 and NF-κB promote survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In the present report, we demonstrate that a synthetic S-nitrosothiol compound, S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC), inhibits proliferation and survival of multiple MM cells via S-nitrosylation-dependent inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB. In human MM cells (e.g. U266, H929, and IM-9 cells), SNAC treatment increased S-nitrosylation of STAT3 and NF-κB and inhibited their activities. Consequently, SNAC treatment resulted in MM cell cycle arrest at G1/S check point and inhibited their proliferation. SNAC also decreased the expression of cell survival factors and increased the activities of caspases, thus increased sensitivity of MM cells to melphalan, a chemotherapeutic agent for MM. In U266 xenografted mice, SNAC treatment decreased the activity of STAT3 and reduced the growth of human CD138 positive cells (U266 cells) in the bone marrow and also reduced their production of human IgE into the serum. Taken together, these data document the S-nitrosylation mediated inhibition of MM cell proliferation and cell survival via inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB pathways and its efficacy in animal model of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Seungho Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Nishant Saxena
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, United States
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Je-Seong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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66
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Rebello RJ, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Furic L. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting MYC-Driven Prostate Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020071. [PMID: 28212321 PMCID: PMC5333060 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcript encoding the proto-oncogene MYC is commonly overexpressed in prostate cancer (PC). MYC protein abundance is also increased in the majority of cases of advanced and metastatic castrate-resistant PC (mCRPC). Accordingly, the MYC-directed transcriptional program directly contributes to PC by upregulating the expression of a number of pro-tumorigenic factors involved in cell growth and proliferation. A key cellular process downstream of MYC activity is the regulation of ribosome biogenesis which sustains tumor growth. MYC activity also cooperates with the dysregulation of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote PC cell survival. Recent advances in the understanding of these interactions through the use of animal models have provided significant insight into the therapeutic efficacy of targeting MYC activity by interfering with its transcriptional program, and indirectly by targeting downstream cellular events linked to MYC transformation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rebello
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
- The ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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67
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Xu Y, Xing Y, Xu Y, Huang C, Bao H, Hong K, Cheng X. Pim-2 protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis via downregulation of Bim expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:94-102. [PMID: 27770661 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We know that silencing Bim, a pro-apoptosis protein, significantly attenuates glucose and oxygen-deprived induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the Bim activation in the heart have remained unknown. Pim-2 is one of three Pim serine/threonine kinase family members thought to be involved in cell survival and proliferation. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) condition in vitro, mimicking ischemic/reperfusion injury in vivo. H/R augmented the expression of Bim, Cyt C, and Pim-2 and induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. Overexpression of Pim-2 attenuated apoptosis which induced by H/R in H9c2 cells, via downregulation of Bim and Cyt C expression. Silencing of Pim-2 promoted H/R-induced apoptosis via upregulation of Bim and Cyt C expression. Co-IP revealed the interaction between Pim-2 and Bim protein, with Bim Ser65 phosphorylated by Pim-2. Furthermore, blocking proteasome activity by MG132 prevented Bim degradation, and Bim S65A mutation could reverse the anti-apoptotic role of Pim-2 which induced by H/R. These data demonstrated that Pim-2 is a novel Bim-interacting protein, which negatively regulates Bim degradation and protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Yawei Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Chahua Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Huihui Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China; Medical Molecular Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Cardiovascular disease in Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China.
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68
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Horiuchi D, Camarda R, Zhou AY, Yau C, Momcilovic O, Balakrishnan S, Corella AN, Eyob H, Kessenbrock K, Lawson DA, Marsh LA, Anderton BN, Rohrberg J, Kunder R, Bazarov AV, Yaswen P, McManus MT, Rugo HS, Werb Z, Goga A. PIM1 kinase inhibition as a targeted therapy against triple-negative breast tumors with elevated MYC expression. Nat Med 2016; 22:1321-1329. [PMID: 27775705 PMCID: PMC5341692 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in which cells lack expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR) and the ERBB2 (also known as HER2) receptor, is the breast cancer subtype with the poorest outcome. No targeted therapy is available against this subtype of cancer owing to a lack of validated molecular targets. We previously reported that signaling involving MYC-an essential, pleiotropic transcription factor that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes-is disproportionally higher in triple-negative (TN) tumors than in receptor-positive (RP) tumors. Direct inhibition of the oncogenic transcriptional activity of MYC has been challenging to achieve. Here, by conducting a shRNA screen targeting the kinome, we identified PIM1, a non-essential serine-threonine kinase, in a synthetic lethal interaction with MYC. PIM1 expression was higher in TN tumors than in RP tumors and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with hormone- and HER2-negative tumors. Small-molecule PIM kinase inhibitors halted the growth of human TN tumors with elevated MYC expression in patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and MYC-driven transgenic mouse models of breast cancer by inhibiting the oncogenic transcriptional activity of MYC and restoring the function of the endogenous cell cycle inhibitor, p27. Our findings warrant clinical evaluation of PIM kinase inhibitors in patients with TN tumors that have elevated MYC expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Horiuchi
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alicia Y. Zhou
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cancer and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Olga Momcilovic
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sanjeev Balakrishnan
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexandra N. Corella
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Henok Eyob
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Devon A. Lawson
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brittany N. Anderton
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia Rohrberg
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ratika Kunder
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexey V. Bazarov
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Paul Yaswen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael T. McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hope S. Rugo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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69
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Mou S, Wang G, Ding D, Yu D, Pei Y, Teng S, Fu Q. Expression and function of PIM kinases in osteosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2116-2126. [PMID: 27826617 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The provirus integrating site Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) family of serine/threonine protein kinases is composed of three members, PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3, which have been identified as oncoproteins in various malignancies. However, their role in osteosarcoma (OS) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the expression patterns and the clinical significance of PIM kinases in human OS and their biological effects in human OS cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect PIM kinases in archived pathologic material from 43 patients with primary OS; in addition, the effects of PIM knockdown and overexpression on the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cell lines were determined. We observed that all three PIM kinases were frequently expressed in OS, but only PIM1 positive expression was associated with poorer prognosis regarding overall survival of OS patients. In addition, knockdown of PIM kinases notably inhibited OS cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, whereas overexpression of PIM kinases resulted in increased OS cell growth and motility. This study suggests that PIM1 could be a valuable prognostic marker in patients with OS, and the biological functions of PIM kinase family in the osteosarcoma cell lines indicate that they could serve as potential therapeutic targets for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 11004, P.R. China
| | - Songling Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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70
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Wurz RP, Sastri C, D'Amico DC, Herberich B, Jackson CLM, Pettus LH, Tasker AS, Wu B, Guerrero N, Lipford JR, Winston JT, Yang Y, Wang P, Nguyen Y, Andrews KL, Huang X, Lee MR, Mohr C, Zhang JD, Reid DL, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Wang HL. Discovery of imidazopyridazines as potent Pim-1/2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5580-5590. [PMID: 27769621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High levels of Pim expression have been implicated in several hematopoietic and solid tumor cancers, suggesting that inhibition of Pim signaling could provide patients with therapeutic benefit. Herein, we describe our progress towards this goal using a screening hit (rac-1) as a starting point. Modification of the indazole ring resulted in the discovery of a series of imidazopyridazine-based Pim inhibitors exemplified by compound 22m, which was found to be a subnanomolar inhibitor of the Pim-1 and Pim-2 isoforms (IC50 values of 0.024nM and 0.095nM, respectively) and to potently inhibit the phosphorylation of BAD in a cell line that expresses high levels of all Pim isoforms, KMS-12-BM (IC50=28nM). Profiling of Pim-1 and Pim-2 expression levels in a panel of multiple myeloma cell lines and correlation of these data with the potency of compound 22m in a proliferation assay suggests that Pim-2 inhibition would be advantageous for this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Wurz
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.
| | - Christine Sastri
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.
| | - Derin C D'Amico
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Brad Herberich
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Claire L M Jackson
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Liping H Pettus
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Andrew S Tasker
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Nadia Guerrero
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - J Russell Lipford
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Winston
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Yajing Yang
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Paul Wang
- Department of Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Yen Nguyen
- Department of Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Kristin L Andrews
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Matthew R Lee
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Christopher Mohr
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - J D Zhang
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Darren L Reid
- Department of Pre-pivotal Drug Product, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Yihong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
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Mazzacurati L, Lambert QT, Pradhan A, Griner LN, Huszar D, Reuther GW. The PIM inhibitor AZD1208 synergizes with ruxolitinib to induce apoptosis of ruxolitinib sensitive and resistant JAK2-V617F-driven cells and inhibit colony formation of primary MPN cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40141-57. [PMID: 26472029 PMCID: PMC4741885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic stem cell disorders that exhibit excess mature myeloid cells, bone marrow fibrosis, and risk of leukemic transformation. Aberrant JAK2 signaling plays an etiological role in MPN formation. Because neoplastic cells in patients are largely insensitive to current anti-JAK2 therapies, effective therapies remain needed. Members of the PIM family of serine/threonine kinases are induced by JAK/STAT signaling, regulate hematopoietic stem cell growth, protect hematopoietic cells from apoptosis, and exhibit hematopoietic cell transforming properties. We hypothesized that PIM kinases may offer a therapeutic target for MPNs. We treated JAK2-V617F-dependent MPN model cells as well as primary MPN patient cells with the PIM kinase inhibitors SGI-1776 and AZD1208 and the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. While MPN model cells were rather insensitive to PIM inhibitors, combination of PIM inhibitors with ruxolitinib led to a synergistic effect on MPN cell growth due to enhanced apoptosis. Importantly, PIM inhibitor mono-therapy inhibited, and AZD1208/ruxolitinib combination therapy synergistically suppressed, colony formation of primary MPN cells. Enhanced apoptosis by combination therapy was associated with activation of BAD, inhibition of downstream components of the mTOR pathway, including p70S6K and S6 protein, and activation of 4EBP1. Importantly, PIM inhibitors re-sensitized ruxolitinib-resistant MPN cells to ruxolitinib by inducing apoptosis. Finally, exogenous expression of PIM1 induced ruxolitinib resistance in MPN model cells. These data indicate that PIMs may play a role in MPNs and that combining PIM and JAK2 kinase inhibitors may offer a more efficacious therapeutic approach for MPNs over JAK2 inhibitor mono-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mazzacurati
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Que T Lambert
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anuradha Pradhan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lori N Griner
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dennis Huszar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Gary W Reuther
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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72
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Ramachandran J, Santo L, Siu KT, Panaroni C, Raje N. Pim2 is important for regulating DNA damage response in multiple myeloma cells. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e462. [PMID: 27564460 PMCID: PMC5022183 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pan proviral integrations of Moloney virus (PIM) inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) results in reduced cell viability in tested human-derived MM cell lines and reduces tumor burden in xenograft mouse models, making PIMs important therapeutic targets for the disease. PIM kinase inhibitors are currently being tested clinically in MM. We sought to elucidate the role of the various PIMs in MM. Our data demonstrate that Pim2 has a significant role in MM cell cytotoxicity. Our data provide evidence for a novel role for Pim2 in the regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR). Knockdown of Pim2 upregulates several downstream DDR markers, mimicking the effects of doxorubicin (Dox) treatment of MM cells, and suggesting a role for the kinase as a negative regulator of this pathway. Dox-induced DNA damage results in a decrease in Pim2 levels, placing the kinase directly downstream of the site of Dox-DNA binding. Overexpression of Pim2 confers a slight survival advantage against Dox through antiapoptotic activity, further underscoring its relevance in the DDR pathway. These data provide insights into a novel mechanism of PIM kinase activity and provide the framework for designing therapeutic approaches in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramachandran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MGH Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Santo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MGH Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K T Siu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MGH Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Panaroni
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MGH Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Raje
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MGH Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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73
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Balistreri CR, Madonna R, Melino G, Caruso C. The emerging role of Notch pathway in ageing: Focus on the related mechanisms in age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:50-65. [PMID: 27328278 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for the development of all tissues, organs and systems of human body. Recently, a considerable and still growing number of studies have highlighted the contribution of Notch signaling in various pathological processes of the adult life, such as age-related diseases. In particular, the Notch pathway has emerged as major player in the maintenance of tissue specific homeostasis, through the control of proliferation, migration, phenotypes and functions of tissue cells, as well as in the cross-talk between inflammatory cells and the innate immune system, and in onset of inflammatory age-related diseases. However, until now there is a confounding evidence about the related mechanisms. Here, we discuss mechanisms through which Notch signaling acts in a very complex network of pathways, where it seems to have the crucial role of hub. Thus, we stress the possibility to use Notch pathway, the related molecules and pathways constituting this network, both as innovative (predictive, diagnostic and prognostic) biomarkers and targets for personalised treatments for age-related diseases.
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Paíno T, Garcia-Gomez A, González-Méndez L, San-Segundo L, Hernández-García S, López-Iglesias AA, Algarín EM, Martín-Sánchez M, Corbacho D, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C, Corchete LA, Gutiérrez NC, Maetos MV, Garayoa M, Ocio EM. The Novel Pan-PIM Kinase Inhibitor, PIM447, Displays Dual Antimyeloma and Bone-Protective Effects, and Potently Synergizes with Current Standards of Care. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:225-238. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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75
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Pettus LH, Andrews KL, Booker SK, Chen J, Cee VJ, Chavez F, Chen Y, Eastwood H, Guerrero N, Herberich B, Hickman D, Lanman BA, Laszlo J, Lee MR, Lipford JR, Mattson B, Mohr C, Nguyen Y, Norman MH, Powers D, Reed AB, Rex K, Sastri C, Tamayo N, Wang P, Winston JT, Wu B, Wu T, Wurz RP, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Tasker AS, Wang HL. Discovery and Optimization of Quinazolinone-pyrrolopyrrolones as Potent and Orally Bioavailable Pan-Pim Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6407-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping H. Pettus
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kristin L. Andrews
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Shon K. Booker
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Victor J. Cee
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Frank Chavez
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Heather Eastwood
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Nadia Guerrero
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bradley Herberich
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dean Hickman
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Brian A. Lanman
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jimmy Laszlo
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew R. Lee
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - J. Russell Lipford
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bethany Mattson
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher Mohr
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Yen Nguyen
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Mark H. Norman
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - David Powers
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Anthony B. Reed
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Karen Rex
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christine Sastri
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Nuria Tamayo
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Paul Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Winston
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ryan P. Wurz
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Yihong Zhou
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Andrew S. Tasker
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery—Medicinal
Chemistry, ‡Molecular Structure, §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, ∥Oncology Research, ⊥Pharmaceutics, #Discovery Technologies, Amgen Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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76
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An N, Xiong Y, LaRue AC, Kraft AS, Cen B. Activation of Pim Kinases Is Sufficient to Promote Resistance to MET Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2016; 75:5318-28. [PMID: 26670562 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) blockade offers a new targeted therapy particularly in those cancers with MET amplification. However, the efficacy and the duration of the response to MET inhibitors are limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we report that resistance to small-molecule inhibitors of MET can arise from increased expression of the prosurvival Pim protein kinases. This resistance mechanism was documented in non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer cells with MET amplification. Inhibition of Pim kinases enhanced cell death triggered by short-term treatment with MET inhibitors. Pim kinases control the translation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 at an internal ribosome entry site and this mechanism was identified as the basis for Pim-mediated resistance to MET inhibitors. Protein synthesis was increased in drug-resistant cells, secondary to a Pim-mediated increase in cap-independent translation. In cells rendered drug resistant by chronic treatment with MET inhibitors, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of Pim kinases was sufficient to restore sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results rationalize Pim inhibition as a strategy to augment responses and blunt acquired resistance to MET inhibitors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei An
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ying Xiong
- The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Bo Cen
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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Kapelko-Slowik K, Owczarek TB, Grzymajlo K, Urbaniak-Kujda D, Jazwiec B, Slowik M, Kuliczkowski K, Ugorski M. Elevated PIM2 gene expression is associated with poor survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2140-9. [PMID: 26764044 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1124991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The PIM2 gene encodes the serine/threonine kinase involved in cell survival and apoptosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of the PIM2 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to examine its role in apoptosis of the blastic cells. We analyzed the PIM2 expression in 148 patients: 91 with AML, 57 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 24 healthy controls by Real-Time PCR and Western blot. Inhibition of the PIM2 gene in human leukemic HL60 cell line was performed with RNAi and apoptosis rate was analyzed. Our results indicate that overexpression of PIM2 in AML is associated with low complete remission rate, high-risk cytogenetics, shorter leukemia-free survival, and event-free survival. Cytometric analysis of HL60/PAC-GFP and HL60/PAC-GFP-shPIM2 cells revealed an increase in the number of apoptotic cells after inhibition of PIM2 gene. In summary, the elevated expression of PIM2 in blastic cells is associated with poor prognosis of AML patients and their resistance to induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kapelko-Slowik
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz B Owczarek
- b Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland ;,c Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grzymajlo
- c Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Donata Urbaniak-Kujda
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Bozena Jazwiec
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Miroslaw Slowik
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- a Department of Hematology, Neoplastic Blood Disorders and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- b Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland ;,c Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
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78
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Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell death is a critical and active process that maintains tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially harmful cells. There are three major types of morphologically distinct cell death: apoptosis (type I cell death), autophagic cell death (type II), and necrosis (type III). All three can be executed through distinct, and sometimes overlapping, signaling pathways that are engaged in response to specific stimuli. Apoptosis is triggered when cell-surface death receptors such as Fas are bound by their ligands (the extrinsic pathway) or when Bcl2-family proapoptotic proteins cause the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (the intrinsic pathway). Both pathways converge on the activation of the caspase protease family, which is ultimately responsible for the dismantling of the cell. Autophagy defines a catabolic process in which parts of the cytosol and specific organelles are engulfed by a double-membrane structure, known as the autophagosome, and eventually degraded. Autophagy is mostly a survival mechanism; nevertheless, there are a few examples of autophagic cell death in which components of the autophagic signaling pathway actively promote cell death. Necrotic cell death is characterized by the rapid loss of plasma membrane integrity. This form of cell death can result from active signaling pathways, the best characterized of which is dependent on the activity of the protein kinase RIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Fabien Llambi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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79
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Provirus integrating site Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) family are proteins with serine/threonine kinase activity. Studies have demonstrated overexpression of Pims in cancer. To our knowledge, only a single study has examined Pim-1 in urothelial carcinoma. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3 in urothelial carcinoma and assess for expression that may contribute to disease progression and serve as a site for targeted therapy. METHODS This retrospective study included 137 cases taken from specimens from the University of Utah, Department of Pathology (2008 to 2011). Tissue was stained with antibodies against Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3. Cases were classified into 3 groups, based upon current World Health Organization criteria (invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma [IHG] [n=84], noninvasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma/carcinoma in situ [n=32], and noninvasive low-grade urothelial carcinoma [NILG] [n=21]). Cases were scored and recorded as positive or negative on the basis of the percentage of cells with cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining. RESULTS NILG showed higher expression of Pim-1 (relative expression rate [RER]=2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.183-0.764) and Pim-3 (RER=3.06; 95% CI, 0.423-0.816) compared with other lesions. IHG had lower expression of Pim-1 (RER=0.31; 95% CI, 0.401-0.844) and Pim-3 (RER=0.354; 95% CI, 0.322-0.816) and noninvasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NIHG) demonstrated increased expression of Pim-1 and (RER=2.09; 95% CI, 0.124-0.739) and Pim-2 (RER=1.70; 95% CI, 0.151-0.591). At least 1 Pim kinase protein was expressed at the following rates: 49% in IHG, 66% in NIHG, and 76% in NILG. CONCLUSION A high percentage of urothelial carcinomas express Pim kinases. Pim expression differs in NILG, NIHG, and IHG lesions.
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Effects of low doses of Tat-PIM2 protein against hippocampal neuronal cell survival. J Neurol Sci 2015; 358:226-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Control of Pim2 kinase stability and expression in transformed human haematopoietic cells. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150217. [PMID: 26500282 PMCID: PMC4672348 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic Pim2 kinase is overexpressed in several haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and constitutes a strong therapeutic target candidate. Like other Pim kinases, Pim2 is constitutively active and is believed to be essentially regulated through its accumulation. We show that in leukaemic cells, the three Pim2 isoforms have dramatically short half-lives although the longer isoform is significantly more stable than the shorter isoforms. All isoforms present a cytoplasmic localization and their degradation was neither modified by broad-spectrum kinase or phosphatase inhibitors such as staurosporine or okadaic acid nor by specific inhibition of several intracellular signalling pathways including Erk, Akt and mTORC1. Pim2 degradation was inhibited by proteasome inhibitors but Pim2 ubiquitination was not detected even by blocking both proteasome activity and protein de-ubiquitinases (DUBs). Moreover, Pyr41, an ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) inhibitor, did not stabilize Pim2, strongly suggesting that Pim2 was degraded by the proteasome without ubiquitination. In agreement, we observed that purified 20S proteasome particles could degrade Pim2 molecule in vitro. Pim2 mRNA accumulation in UT7 cells was controlled by erythropoietin (Epo) through STAT5 transcription factors. In contrast, the translation of Pim2 mRNA was not regulated by mTORC1. Overall, our results suggest that Pim2 is only controlled by its mRNA accumulation level. Catalytically active Pim2 accumulated in proteasome inhibitor-treated myeloma cells. We show that Pim2 inhibitors and proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, have additive effects to inhibit the growth of myeloma cells, suggesting that Pim2 could be an interesting target for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Cervantes-Gomez F, Lavergne B, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, Gandhi V. Combination of Pim kinase inhibitors and Bcl-2 antagonists in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:436-444. [PMID: 26088877 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1063141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Pim proteins are Ser/Thr kinases over-expressed in several hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some solid cancers like prostate cancer. Several small molecules have been developed to inhibit these kinases. In prostate cancer cell lines, the Pim kinase inhibitor SMI-4a and the Bcl-2 antagonist ABT-737 resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. Akin to prostate cancer cells, CLL lymphocytes over-express Pim and Bcl-2 proteins. It was hypothesized that similar cytotoxic interaction should be observed in CLL. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effect of three Pim kinase inhibitors (AZD1208, SGI-1776 and SMI-4a) combined with Bcl-2 antagonists (ABT-737 or ABT-199) in malignant CLL lymphocytes. Data indicated Pim kinase inhibitors in combination with ABT-737 or ABT-199 resulted mostly in additive cytotoxicity with a few synergistic responses; however, the extent of synergism was less robust than that observed previously in prostate cancer cell lines treated with SMI-4a and ABT-737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cervantes-Gomez
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Bethany Lavergne
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- b Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - William G Wierda
- b Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly dependent on host cellular proteins for virus propagation. In order to identify the cellular factors involved in HCV propagation, we performed protein microarray assay using the HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein as a probe. Of ∼ 9,000 human cellular proteins immobilized in a microarray, approximately 90 cellular proteins were identified as NS5A interactors. Of these candidates, Pim1, a member of serine/threonine kinase family composed of three different isoforms (Pim1, Pim2, and Pim3), was selected for further study. Pim kinases share a consensus sequence which overlaps with kinase activity. Pim kinase activity has been implicated in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we verified the physical interaction between NS5A and Pim1 by both in vitro pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Pim1 interacted with NS5A through amino acid residues 141 to 180 of Pim1. We demonstrated that protein stability of Pim1 was increased by NS5A protein and this increase was mediated by protein interplay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Pim kinase abrogated HCV propagation. By employing HCV pseudoparticle entry and single-cycle HCV infection assays, we further demonstrated that Pim kinase was involved in HCV entry at a postbinding step. These data suggest that Pim kinase may represent a new host factor for HCV entry. IMPORTANCE Pim1 is an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase. HCV NS5A protein physically interacts with Pim1 and contributes to Pim1 protein stability. Since Pim1 protein expression level is upregulated in many cancers, NS5A-mediated protein stability may be associated with HCV pathogenesis. Either gene silencing or chemical inhibition of Pim kinase abrogated HCV propagation in HCV-infected cells. We further showed that Pim kinase was specifically required at an early entry step of the HCV life cycle. Thus, we have identified Pim kinase not only as an HCV cell entry factor but also as a new anti-HCV therapeutic target.
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Doktorova H, Hrabeta J, Khalil MA, Eckschlager T. Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in cancer cells: The role of not only HIF-1. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:166-77. [PMID: 26001024 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this review is to provide the information about molecular basis of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance, focusing on the possibility of diagnostic and therapeutic use. RESULTS Hypoxia is a common feature of tumors and represents an independent prognostic factor in many cancers. It is the result of imbalances in the intake and consumption of oxygen caused by abnormal vessels in the tumor and the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, melphalan, 5-flouoruracil, gemcitabine, and docetaxel has been reported in a number of experiments. Adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia has important biological effects. The most studied factor responsible for these effects is hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) that significantly contributes to the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of different tumors. The HIF-1 complex, induced by hypoxia, binds to target genes, thereby increasing the expression of many genes. In addition, the expression of hundreds of genes can be also decreased in response to hypoxia in HIF-1 dependent manner, but without the detection of HIF-1 in these genes' promoters. HIF-1 independent mechanisms for drug resistance in hypoxia have been described, however, they are still rarely reported. The first clinical studies focusing on diagnosis of hypoxia and on inhibition of hypoxia-induced changes in cancer cells are starting to yield results. CONCLUSIONS The adaptation to hypoxia requires many genetic and biochemical responses that regulate one another. Hypoxia-induced resistance is a very complex field and we still know very little about it. Different approaches to circumvent hypoxia in tumors are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Doktorova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Pim-2/mTORC1 Pathway Shapes Inflammatory Capacity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Cells Exposed to Lipid Peroxidations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:240210. [PMID: 26064888 PMCID: PMC4434176 DOI: 10.1155/2015/240210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of multiple joints, with disruption of joint cartilage. The proliferation of synovial fibroblasts in response to multiple inflammation factors is central to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Our previous studies showed that 4-HNE may induce synovial intrinsic inflammations by activating NF-κB pathways and lead to cell apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of how synovial NF-κB activation is modulated are not fully understood. Here, the present findings demonstrated that 4-HNE may induce synovial intrinsic inflammations by mTORC1 inactivation. While ectopic activation of mTORC1 pathway by the overexpression of Pim-2 may disrupt the initiation of inflammatory reactions and maintain synovial homeostasis, our findings will help to uncover novel signaling pathways between inflammations and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis development and imply that Pim-2/mTORC1 pathway may be critical for the initiation of inflammatory reactions in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells.
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Abstract
The initiation and progression of human cancer is frequently linked to the uncontrolled activation of survival kinases. Two such pro-survival kinases that are commonly amplified in cancer are PIM and Akt. These oncogenic proteins are serine/threonine kinases that regulate tumorigenesis by phosphorylating substrates that control the cell cycle, cellular metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Growing evidence suggests that cross-talk exists between the PIM and Akt kinases, indicating that they control partially overlapping survival signaling pathways that are critical to the initiation, progression, and metastatic spread of many types of cancer. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is activated in many human tumors, and it is well established as a promising anticancer target. Likewise, based on the role of PIM kinases in normal and tumor tissues, it is clear that this family of kinases represents an interesting target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacological inhibition of PIM has the potential to significantly influence the efficacy of standard and targeted therapies. This review focuses on the regulation of PIM kinases, their role in tumorigenesis, and the biological impact of their interaction with the Akt signaling pathway on the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Wurz RP, Pettus LH, Jackson C, Wu B, Wang HL, Herberich B, Cee V, Lanman BA, Reed AB, Chavez F, Nixey T, Laszlo J, Wang P, Nguyen Y, Sastri C, Guerrero N, Winston J, Lipford JR, Lee MR, Andrews KL, Mohr C, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Reid DL, Tasker AS. The discovery and optimization of aminooxadiazoles as potent Pim kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:847-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Discovery of 5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines as potent PIM inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:775-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang XH, Yu HL, Wang FJ, Han YL, Yang WL. Pim-2 Modulates Aerobic Glycolysis and Energy Production during the Development of Colorectal Tumors. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:487-93. [PMID: 26078709 PMCID: PMC4466513 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have higher rates of glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis to meet energy demands for proliferation and metastasis. The characteristics of increased glucose uptake, accompanied with aerobic glycolysis, has been exploited for the diagnosis of cancers. Although much progress has been made, the mechanisms regulating tumor aerobic glycolysis and energy production are still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that Pim-2 is required for glycolysis and energy production in colorectal tumor cells. Our results show that Pim-2 is highly expressed in colorectal tumor cells, and may be induced by nutrient stimulation. Activation of Pim-2 in colorectal cells led to increase glucose utilization and aerobic glycolysis, as well as energy production. While knockdown of Pim-2 decreased energy production in colorectal tumor cells and increased their susceptibility to apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of Pim-2 kinase on aerobic glycolysis seem to be partly dependent on mTORC1 signaling, because inhibition of mTORC1 activity reversed the aerobic glycolysis mediated by Pim-2. Our findings suggest that Pim-2-mediated aerobic glycolysis is critical for monitoring Warburg effect in colorectal tumor cells, highlighting Pim-2 as a potential metabolic target for colorectal tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-hui Zhang
- 1. Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Zhongkang Street 9, Daqing, 163001, China
| | - Hong-liang Yu
- 1. Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Zhongkang Street 9, Daqing, 163001, China ; 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Road Xuefu 246, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Fu-jing Wang
- 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Road Xuefu 246, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yong-long Han
- 3. The Sixth People's Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Road Yishan 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei-liang Yang
- 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Road Xuefu 246, Harbin, 150086, China
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Mondello P, Cuzzocrea S, Mian M. Pim kinases in hematological malignancies: where are we now and where are we going? J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:95. [PMID: 25491234 PMCID: PMC4266197 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proviral insertion in murine (PIM) lymphoma proteins are a serine/threonine kinase family composed of three isoformes: Pim-1, Pim-2 and Pim-3. They play a critical role in the control of cell proliferation, survival, homing and migration. Recently, overexpression of Pim kinases has been reported in human tumors, mainly in hematologic malignancies. In vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed their oncogenic potential. Indeed, PIM kinases have shown to be involved in tumorgenesis, to enhance tumor growth and to induce chemo-resistance, which is why they have become an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Novel molecules inhibiting Pim kinases have been evaluated in preclinical studies, demonstrating to be effective and with a favorable toxicity profile. Given the promising results, some of these compounds are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Herein, we provide an overview of the biological activity of PIM-kinases, their role in hematologic malignancies and future therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mondello
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Michael Mian
- Department of Hematology, Hospital S. Maurizio, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy. .,Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Meja K, Stengel C, Sellar R, Huszar D, Davies BR, Gale RE, Linch DC, Khwaja A. PIM and AKT kinase inhibitors show synergistic cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukaemia that is associated with convergence on mTOR and MCL1 pathways. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:69-79. [PMID: 24975213 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PIM kinases (PIM1, 2 and 3) are involved in cell proliferation and survival signalling and are emerging targets for the therapy of various malignancies. We found that a significant proportion of primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) samples showed PIM1 and PIM2 expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a novel ATP-competitive pan-PIM inhibitor, AZD1897, on AML cell growth and survival. PIM inhibition showed limited single agent activity in AML cell lines and primary AML cells, including those with or without FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. However, significant synergy was seen when AZD1897 was combined with the Akt inhibitor AZD5363, a compound that is in early-phase clinical trials. AML cells from putative leukaemia stem cell subsets, including CD34+38- and CD34+38+ fractions, were equivalently affected by dual PIM/Akt inhibition when compared with bulk tumour cells. Analysis of downstream signalling pathways showed that combined PIM/Akt inhibition downregulated mTOR outputs (phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and S6) and markedly reduced levels of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1. The combination of PIM and Akt inhibition holds promise for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koremu Meja
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
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Li YY, Mukaida N. Pathophysiological roles of Pim-3 kinase in pancreatic cancer development and progression. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9392-9404. [PMID: 25071334 PMCID: PMC4110571 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pim-3 is a member of the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) family proteins that exhibit serine/threonine kinase activity. Similar to the other Pim kinases (Pim-1 and Pim-2), Pim-3 is involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and protein synthesis. Although Pim-3 is expressed in normal vital organs, it is overexpressed particularly in tumor tissues of endoderm-derived organs, including the liver, pancreas, and colon. Silencing of Pim-3 expression can retard in vitro cell proliferation of hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colon carcinoma cell lines by promoting cell apoptosis. Pim-3 lacks the regulatory domains similarly as Pim-1 and Pim-2 lack, and therefore, Pim-3 can exhibit its kinase activity once it is expressed. Pim-3 expression is regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by transcription factors (e.g., Ets-1) and post-translational modifiers (e.g., translationally-controlled tumor protein), respectively. Pim-3 could promote growth and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer cells in vivo in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Furthermore, a Pim-3 kinase inhibitor inhibited cell proliferation when human pancreatic cancer cells were injected into nude mice, without inducing any major adverse effects. Thus, Pim-3 kinase may serve as a novel molecular target for developing targeting drugs against pancreatic and other types of cancer.
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Siddiqi S, Sussman MA. Cell and gene therapy for severe heart failure patients: the time and place for Pim-1 kinase. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:949-57. [PMID: 23984924 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.814830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapy in severe heart failure patients presents a challenging set of circumstances including a damaged myocardial environment that accelerates senescence in myocytes and cardiac progenitor cells. Failing myocardium suffers from deterioration of contractile function coupled with impaired regenerative potential that drives the heart toward decompensation. Efficacious regenerative cell therapy for severe heart failure requires disruption of this vicious circle that can be accomplished by alteration of the compromised myocyte phenotype and rejuvenation of progenitor cells. This review focuses upon potential for Pim-1 kinase to mitigate chronic heart failure by improving myocyte quality through preservation of mitochondrial integrity, prevention of hypertrophy and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, cardiac progenitors engineered with Pim-1 possess enhanced regenerative potential, making Pim-1 an important player in future treatment of severe heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailay Siddiqi
- Department of Biology and Heart Institute, Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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94
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Guo Q, Lan P, Yu X, Han Q, Zhang J, Tian Z, Zhang C. Immunotherapy for hepatoma using a dual-function vector with both immunostimulatory and pim-3-silencing effects. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1503-13. [PMID: 24723452 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is an immortalization process in which the growth of normal cells is uncontrolled and programmed cell death is suppressed. Molecular biologic and immunologic studies have revealed that the aberrant expression of some proto-oncogenes boosts proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, which is vital for tumor development. The hypofunction of the host immune system also drives the development and metastasis of malignant tumors. Pim-3, a member of the Pim family, is aberrantly expressed in several cancers. Data suggest that Pim-3 inhibits apoptosis by phosphorylating the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bad. Here, we constructed a dual-function small hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector containing an shRNA targeting Pim-3 and a TLR7-stimulating ssRNA. Stimulation with this bi-functional vector in vitro promoted significant apoptosis of Hepa1-6 cells by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and induced secretion of type I IFNs. Most importantly, this bi-functional vector more effectively inhibited subcutaneous Hepa1-6 cell growth than did single shRNA and ssRNA treatment in vivo. Natural killer (NK), CD4(+) T, and CD8(+) T cells and macrophages were required for effective tumor suppression, and CD4(+) T cells were shown to play a helper role in the activation of NK cells, possibly by regulating the secretion of Th1 or Th2 cytokines. This ssRNA-shRNA bi-functional vector may represent a promising approach for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qie Guo
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaAuthors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaAuthors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Decker S, Finter J, Forde AJ, Kissel S, Schwaller J, Mack TS, Kuhn A, Gray N, Follo M, Jumaa H, Burger M, Zirlik K, Pfeifer D, Miduturu CV, Eibel H, Veelken H, Dierks C. PIM kinases are essential for chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell survival (PIM2/3) and CXCR4-mediated microenvironmental interactions (PIM1). Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1231-45. [PMID: 24659821 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0575-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the CXCR4 receptor is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is important for CLL cell survival, migration, and interaction with their protective microenvironment. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), PIM1 was shown to regulate the surface expression of the CXCR4 receptor. Here, we show that PIM (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) kinases 1-3 are overexpressed and that the CXCR4 receptor is hyperphosphorylated on Ser339 in CLL compared with normal lymphocytes. Furthermore, CXCR4 phosphorylation correlates with PIM1 protein expression and PIM1 transcript levels in CLL. PIM kinase inhibition with three different PIM kinase inhibitors induced apoptosis in CLL cells independent of the presence of protective stromal cells. In addition, PIM inhibition caused dephosphorylation of the CXCR4 receptor on Ser339, resulting in enhanced ligand-dependent CXCR4 internalization and reduced re-externalization after withdrawal of CXCL12. Furthermore, PIM inhibition in CLL cells blocked CXCR4 functions, such as migration toward CXCL12- or CXCL12-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In concordance, pretreatment of CLL cells with PIM kinase inhibitors strongly reduced homing of CLL cells toward the bone marrow and the spleen of Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice in vivo. Interestingly, the knockdown of PIM kinases in CLL cells demonstrated diverging functions, with PIM1 regulating CXCR4 surface expression and PIM2 and PIM3 as important for the survival of CLL cells. Our results show that PIM kinase inhibitors are an effective therapeutic option for CLL, not only by impairing PIM2/3-mediated CLL cell survival, but also by blocking the PIM1/CXCR4-mediated interaction of CLL cells with their protective microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Decker
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Hematology/Oncology; Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre Freiburg; Faculty of Biology; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Faber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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96
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Yu Z, Zhao X, Ge Y, Zhang T, Huang L, Zhou X, Xie L, Liu J, Huang G. A regulatory feedback loop between HIF-1α and PIM2 in HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88301. [PMID: 24505470 PMCID: PMC3914973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive under hypoxic conditions, cancer cells remodel glucose metabolism to support tumor progression. HIF transcription factor is essential for cellular response to hypoxia. The underlying mechanism how HIF is constitutively activated in cancer cells remains elusive. In the present study, we characterized a regulatory feedback loop between HIF-1α and PIM2 in HepG2 cells. Serine/threonine kinase proto-oncogene PIM2 level was induced upon hypoxia in a HIF-1α-mediated manner in cancer cells. HIF-1α induced PIM2 expression via binding to the hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) of the PIM2 promoter. In turn, PIM2 interacted with HIF-1α, especially a transactivation domain of HIF-1α. PIM2 as a co-factor but not an upstream kinase of HIF-1α, enhanced HIF-1α effect in response to hypoxia. The positive feedback loop between PIM2 and HIF-1α was correlated with glucose metabolism as well as cell survival in HepG2 cells. Such a regulatory mode may be important for the adaptive responses of cancer cells in antagonizing hypoxia during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangqian Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (GH)
| | - Gang Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (GH)
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97
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Garcia PD, Langowski JL, Wang Y, Chen M, Castillo J, Fanton C, Ison M, Zavorotinskaya T, Dai Y, Lu J, Niu XH, Basham S, Chan J, Yu J, Doyle M, Feucht P, Warne R, Narberes J, Tsang T, Fritsch C, Kauffmann A, Pfister E, Drueckes P, Trappe J, Wilson C, Han W, Lan J, Nishiguchi G, Lindvall M, Bellamacina C, Aycinena JA, Zang R, Holash J, Burger MT. Pan-PIM kinase inhibition provides a novel therapy for treating hematologic cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:1834-45. [PMID: 24474669 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PIM kinases have been shown to act as oncogenes in mice, with each family member being able to drive progression of hematologic cancers. Consistent with this, we found that PIMs are highly expressed in human hematologic cancers and show that each isoform has a distinct expression pattern among disease subtypes. This suggests that inhibitors of all three PIMs would be effective in treating multiple hematologic malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Pan-PIM inhibitors have proven difficult to develop because PIM2 has a low Km for ATP and, thus, requires a very potent inhibitor to effectively block the kinase activity at the ATP levels in cells. We developed a potent and specific pan-PIM inhibitor, LGB321, which is active on PIM2 in the cellular context. RESULTS LGB321 is active on PIM2-dependent multiple myeloma cell lines, where it inhibits proliferation, mTOR-C1 signaling and phosphorylation of BAD. Broad cancer cell line profiling of LGB321 demonstrates limited activity in cell lines derived from solid tumors. In contrast, significant activity in cell lines derived from diverse hematological lineages was observed, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Furthermore, we demonstrate LGB321 activity in the KG-1 AML xenograft model, in which modulation of pharmacodynamics markers is predictive of efficacy. Finally, we demonstrate that LGB321 synergizes with cytarabine in this model. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a potent and selective pan-PIM inhibitor with single-agent antiproliferative activity and show that it synergizes with cytarabine in an AML xenograft model. Our results strongly support the development of Pan-PIM inhibitors to treat hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Garcia
- Authors' Affiliations: Oncology Disease Area Research; Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry; MAP Group; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling Group, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California; Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Oncology Disease Area Research; and Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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98
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AZD1208, a potent and selective pan-Pim kinase inhibitor, demonstrates efficacy in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2013; 123:905-13. [PMID: 24363397 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-495366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of Pim kinases is observed in several types of leukemias and lymphomas. Pim-1, -2, and -3 promote cell proliferation and survival downstream of cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways. AZD1208 is a potent, highly selective, and orally available Pim kinase inhibitor that effectively inhibits all three isoforms at <5 nM or <150 nM in enzyme and cell assays, respectively. AZD1208 inhibited the growth of 5 of 14 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines tested, and sensitivity correlates with Pim-1 expression and STAT5 activation. AZD1208 causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MOLM-16 cells, accompanied by a dose-dependent reduction in phosphorylation of Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death, 4EBP1, p70S6K, and S6, as well as increases in cleaved caspase 3 and p27. Inhibition of p4EBP1 and p-p70S6K and suppression of translation are the most representative effects of Pim inhibition in sensitive AML cell lines. AZD1208 inhibits the growth of MOLM-16 and KG-1a xenograft tumors in vivo with a clear pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic relationship. AZD1208 also potently inhibits colony growth and Pim signaling substrates in primary AML cells from bone marrow that are Flt3 wild-type or Flt3 internal tandem duplication mutant. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of Pim kinase inhibition for the treatment of AML.
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99
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Wang C, Li HY, Liu B, Huang S, Wu L, Li YY. Pim-3 promotes the growth of human pancreatic cancer in the orthotopic nude mouse model through vascular endothelium growth factor. J Surg Res 2013; 185:595-604. [PMID: 23845873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most lethal cancers, pancreatic cancer presents poor prognosis with an overall 5-y survival of less than 5%. We previously reported that Pim-3, a member of the proto-oncogene Pim family that encodes serine/threonine kinases, is aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer lesions. In the current study, we investigated the role of Pim-3 in promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. METHODS We constructed retroviral vectors for human Pim-3 and a kinase-dead mutant of human Pim-3 (K69M); the retroviral supernatants generated from these vectors were then used to infect the human pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2 to establish stable cell lines. We assessed cell proliferation using CCK-8, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. While tumor size was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor tissues were excised for protein extraction and histological analysis to detect vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) expression and vessel density. RESULTS We established an orthotopic nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. We observed that Pim-3 promoted the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Pim-3 is required for vasculogenesis of primary human pancreatic tumors in vivo and promotion of angiogenesis through the induction of VEGF expression. CONCLUSIONS Pim-3 can promote tumor growth and angiogenesis by stimulating the VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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100
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Yu Z, Zhao X, Huang L, Zhang T, Yang F, Xie L, Song S, Miao P, Zhao L, Sun X, Liu J, Huang G. Proviral insertion in murine lymphomas 2 (PIM2) oncogene phosphorylates pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and promotes glycolysis in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35406-16. [PMID: 24142698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.508226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key player in the Warburg effect of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of regulating PKM2 are not fully elucidated. Here, we identified the protein-serine/threonine kinase PIM2, a known oncogene, as a novel binding partner of PKM2. The interaction between PIM2 and PKM2 was confirmed by multiple biochemical approaches in vitro and in cultured cells. Importantly, we found that PIM2 could directly phosphorylate PKM2 on the Thr-454 residue, resulting in an increase of PKM2 protein levels. Compared with wild type, PKM2 with the phosphorylation-defective mutation displayed a reduced effect on glycolysis, co-activating HIF-1α and β-catenin, and cell proliferation, while enhancing mitochondrial respiration of cancer cells. These findings demonstrate that PIM2-dependent phosphorylation of PKM2 is critical for regulating the Warburg effect in cancer, highlighting PIM2 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Yu
- From the School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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