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de Francisco P, Amaro F, Martín-González A, Gutiérrez JC. AP-1 (bZIP) Transcription Factors as Potential Regulators of Metallothionein Gene Expression in Tetrahymena thermophila. Front Genet 2018; 9:459. [PMID: 30405686 PMCID: PMC6205968 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) are multi-stress proteins mainly involved in metal detoxification. MT gene expression is normally induced by a broad variety of stimulus and its gene expression regulation mainly occurs at a transcriptional level. Conserved motifs in the Tetrahymena thermophila MT promoters have been described. These motifs show a consensus sequence very similar to AP-1 sites, and bZIP type transcription factors might participate in the MT gene expression regulation. In this research work, we characterize four AP-1 transcription factors in each of four different analyzed Tetrahymena species, detecting a high conservation among them. Each AP-1 molecule has its counterpart in the other three Tetrahymena species. A comparative qRT-PCR analysis of these AP-1 genes have been carried out in different T. thermophila strains (including metal-adapted, knockout and/or knockdown strains among others), and under different metal-stress conditions (1 or 24 h Cd2+, Cu2+, or Pb2+ treatments). The possible interaction of these transcription factors with the conserved AP-1 motifs present in MT promoters has been corroborated by protein-DNA interaction experiments. Certain connection between the expression patterns of the bZIP and MT genes seems to exist. For the first time, and based on our findings, a possible gene expression regulation model including both AP-1 transcription factors and MT genes from the ciliate T. thermophila has been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Francisco
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Amaro
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-González
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Evaluation of metallothioneins, oxidative stress and signs of cytotoxicity in young obese women. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Changjun L, Feizhou H, Dezhen P, Zhao L, Xianhai M. MiR-545-3p/MT1M axis regulates cell proliferation, invasion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:347-354. [PMID: 30227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that metallothionein 1 M (MT1M) is a tumor suppressor gene which is frequently down-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The methylation of MT1M promoter region is one of the important transcriptional regulation mechanisms that contribute to the loss of its expression. In our study, we found that there are still half of the 55 HCC tumor tissues in our cohort do not share the promoter methylation of MT1M. So, we speculated there maybe another mechanism participating in the downregulation of MT1M in HCC. Then, we provided evidences that miR-545-3p, which served as a tumor promoter, post-transcriptionally regulate MT1M in HCC through binding to its untranslated region (3'UTR). Taking together, we investigated the role of miR-545-3p in the process of HCC through regulating MT1M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Changjun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China; Department of General surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huang Feizhou
- Department of General surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Peng Dezhen
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Mao Xianhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
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Scheller JS, Irvine GW, Stillman MJ. Unravelling the mechanistic details of metal binding to mammalian metallothioneins from stoichiometric, kinetic, and binding affinity data. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3613-3637. [PMID: 29431781 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03319b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, cysteine-rich proteins, found throughout Nature. Their ability to bind a number of different metals with a range of stoichiometric ratios means that this protein family is critically important for essential metal (Zn2+ and Cu+) homeostasis, metal storage, metal donation to nascent metalloenzymes as well as heavy metal detoxification. With its 20 cysteines, metallothionein is also considered to protect cells against oxidative stress. MT has been studied by a large number of researchers over the last 6 decades using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The lack of distinguishing chromophores for the multitude of binding sites has made the evaluation of stoichiometric properties for different metals challenging. Initially, only 113Cd-NMR spectroscopy could provide strong evidence for the proposed cluster formation of Cd-MT. The extraordinary development of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), where all coexisting species in solution are observed, revolutionized MT research. Prior to the use of ESI-MS data, a range of "magic numbers" representing metal-to-MT molar ratios were reported from optical spectroscopic studies. The availability of ESI mass spectral data led to (i) the confirmation of cluster formation, (ii) a conceptual understanding of the cooperativity involved in multiple metal binding events, (iii) the presence of domain specificity between regions of the protein and (iv) mechanistic details involving both binding affinities and rate constants. The kinetic experiments identified the presence of multiple individual binding sites, each with a unique rate constant and an analogous binding affinity. The almost linear trend in rate constants as a function of bound As3+ provided a unique insight that became a critical step in the complete understanding of the mechanistic details of the metalation of MT. To fully define the biological function of this sulfur-rich protein it is necessary to determine kinetic rate constants and binding affinities for the essential metals. Recently, Zn2+ competition experiments between both of the isolated fragments (α and β) and the full-length protein (βα-MT 1a) as well as Zn2+ competition between βα-MT 1a and carbonic anhydrase were reported. From these data, the trend in binding affinities and the values of the Kf of the 7 bimolecular reactions involved in metalation were determined. From the analysis of ESI-MS data for Cu+ binding to βα-MT 1a at different pH-values, a trend in the 20 binding affinities for the complete metalation mechanism was reported. This review details a personal view of the historical development of the determination of stoichiometry for metal binding, the structure of the binding sites, the rates of the metalation reactions and the underlying binding affinities for each metalation step. We have attempted to summarize the experimental developments that led to the publication in May 2017 of the experimental determination of the 20 binding constants for the 20 sequential bimolecular reactions for Cu+ binding to the 20 Cys of apoMT as a function of pH that show the appearance and disappearance of clusters. We report both published data and in a series of tables an assembly of stoichiometries, and equilibrium constants for Zn2+ and Cu+ for many different metallothioneins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Scheller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Jakovac H, Grubić Kezele T, Radošević-Stašić B. Expression Profiles of Metallothionein I/II and Megalin in Cuprizone Model of De- and Remyelination. Neuroscience 2018; 388:69-86. [PMID: 30025861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Copper chelator cuprizone (CPZ) is neurotoxicant, which selectively disrupts oligodendroglial respiratory chain, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis. Demyelination is, however, followed by spontaneous remyelination owing to the activation of intrinsic CNS repair mechanisms. To explore the participation of metallothioneins (MTs) in these processes, in this study we analyzed the expression profiles of MT-I/II and their receptor megalin (low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein-2) in the brain of mice subjected to different protocols of CPZ feeding. Experiments were performed in female C57BL/6 mice fed with 0.25% CPZ during 1, 3 and 5 weeks. They were sacrificed immediately after feeding with CPZ or 2 weeks after the withdrawal of CPZ. The data showed that CPZ-induced demyelination was followed by high astrogliosis and enhanced expression of MTs and megalin in white (corpus callosum and internal capsule) and gray matter of the brain (cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum). Moreover, in numerous cortical neurons and progenitor cells the signs of MT/megalin interactions and Akt1 phosphorylation was found supporting the hypothesis that MTs secreted from the astrocytes might directly affect the neuronal differentiation and survival. Furthermore, in mice treated with CPZ for 5 weeks the prominent MTs and megalin immunoreactivities were found on several neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitors in subgranular zone of dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of lateral ventricles pointing to high modulatory effect of MTs on adult neuro- and oligodendrogenesis. The data show that MT I/II perform important cytoprotective and growth-regulating functions in remyelinating processes activated after toxic demyelinating insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Jakovac
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia
| | - Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia
| | - Biserka Radošević-Stašić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia.
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Mikowska M, Dziublińska B, Świergosz-Kowalewska R. Variation of Metallothionein I and II Gene Expression in the Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) Under Environmental Zinc and Cadmium Exposure. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:66-74. [PMID: 29248947 PMCID: PMC5988772 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main idea of the study was to assess how environmental metal pollution activates defence responses at transcription levels in the tissues of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). For this purpose, the metallothioneine (MT) genes expression (a well known biomarker of exposure and response to various metals) was measured. The real-time PCR method was used for relative quantification of metallothionein I and metallothionein II expressions in the livers, kidneys and testes of bank voles from six populations exposed to different contaminants, mainly zinc, cadmium and iron. The assessment of Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations in the tissues allowed to study the MTs gene expression responses to these metals. ANOVA analysis showed differences between populations in terms of metal concentration in tissues, livers and kidneys. Student T test showed significant differences in metal concentration between unpolluted and polluted sites only for the liver tissue: significantly lower Zn levels and significantly higher Fe levels in the unpolluted sites. Kruskal-Wallis test performed on C T data shows differences in the gene expressions between populations for both MT genes for liver and testes. In the liver metallothionein I gene expression was upregulated in populations considered as more polluted (up to 7.5 higher expression in Miasteczko Śląskie comparing to Mikołajki). Expression of metallothionein II revealed a similar pattern. In kidneys, differences in expression of both MT genes were not that evident. In testes, MT upregulation in polluted sites was noted for metallothionein II. For metallothionein however, we found downregulation in populations from more contaminated sites. The expressions of both MTs were positively influenced by cadmium in kidney (concentration data from the previous study) and zinc and copper in liver, while cadmium had effects only on the liver MT II gene expression. Positive relationship was obtained for lead and metallothionein II expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mikowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Dziublińska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Anand A, Chi CH, Banerjee S, Chou MY, Tseng FG, Pan CY, Chen YT. The Extracellular Zn 2+ Concentration Surrounding Excited Neurons Is High Enough to Bind Amyloid-β Revealed by a Nanowire Transistor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704439. [PMID: 29770576 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Zn2+ stored in the secretory vesicles of glutamatergic neurons is coreleased with glutamate upon stimulation, resulting in the elevation of extracellular Zn2+ concentration (CZn2+ex). This elevation of CZn2+ex regulates the neurotransmission and facilitates the fibrilization of amyloid-β (Aβ). However, the exact CZn2+ex surrounding neurons under (patho)physiological conditions is not clear and the connection between CZn2+ex and the Aβ fibrilization remains obscure. Here, a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) with the Zn2+ -sensitive fluorophore, FluoZin-3 (FZ-3), to quantify the CZn2+ex in real time is modified. This FZ-3/SiNW-FET device has a dissociation constant of ≈12 × 10-9 m against Zn2+ . By placing a coverslip seeded with cultured embryonic cortical neurons atop an FZ-3/SiNW-FET, the CZn2+ex elevated to ≈110 × 10-9 m upon stimulation with α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). Blockers against the AMPA receptor or exocytosis greatly suppress this elevation, indicating that the Zn2+ stored in the synaptic vesicles is the major source responsible for this elevation of CZn2+ex. In addition, a SiNW-FET modified with Aβ could bind Zn2+ with a dissociation constant of ≈633 × 10-9 m and respond to the Zn2+ released from AMPA-stimulated neurons. Therefore, the CZn2+ex can reach a level high enough to bind Aβ and the Zn2+ homeostasis can be a therapeutic strategy to prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Anand
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chi
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Subhasree Banerjee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Chou
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Pan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yit-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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58
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Park Y, Zhang J, Cai L. Reappraisal of metallothionein: Clinical implications for patients with diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2018; 10:213-231. [PMID: 29072367 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) are byproducts of cellular physiological processes of the metabolism of intermediary nutrients. Although physiological defense mechanisms readily convert these species into water or urea, an improper balance between their production and removal leads to oxidative stress (OS), which is harmful to cellular components. This OS may result in uncontrolled growth or, ultimately, cell death. In addition, ROS and RNS are closely related to the development of diabetes and its complications. Therefore, numerous researchers have proposed the development of strategies for the removal of ROS/RNS to prevent or treat diabetes and its complications. Some molecules that are synthesized in the body or obtained from food participate in the removal and neutralization of ROS and RNS. Metallothionein, a cysteine-rich protein, is a metal-binding protein that has a wide range of functions in cellular homeostasis and immunity. Metallothionein can be induced by a variety of conditions, including zinc supplementation, and plays a crucial role in mediating anti-OS, anti-apoptotic, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory effects. Metallothionein can modulate various stress-induced signaling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase and fibroblast growth factor 21) to alleviate diabetes and diabetic complications. However, a deeper understanding of the functional, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of metallothionein is needed to bring about new opportunities for OS therapy. This review focuses on newly proposed functions of a metallothionein and their implications relevant to diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hanyang University, College of Medicine and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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59
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Rahman A, Khan KM, Rao MS. Exposure to low level of lead during preweaning period increases metallothionein-3 expression and dysregulates divalent cation levels in the brain of young rats. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:135-143. [PMID: 29452138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxic heavy metal, but the mechanism of its neurotoxicity is not clearly understood. Expression of metallothioneins (MTs) is induced in response to heavy metal exposure as a protective mechanism against heavy metal toxicity. There are several isoforms of MTs (MT-1 to 4), of which MT-3 is the neuron specific isoform, which also has neurite growth inhibitory effects. Whereas, the induction of MT-1 and 2 in response to Pb has been reported, the effect of Pb on the expression of MT-3 in the brain has not been documented. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Pb exposure on the expression of MT-3 in the cerebrum and hippocampus. Wistar rat pups were exposed to Pb via their dams' drinking water (0.2% lead acetate in deionized water) from postnatal day (PND) 0 to 21 and directly via drinking water until PND30. Expression of MT-3 was measured by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. MT-3 localization was done by immunohistochemistry. Divalent metal ions were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Levels of Pb in blood and cerebrum were significantly increased, while that of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) were significantly decreased in the Pb-exposed rats at both PND21 and PND30. MT-3 protein was significantly increased in the cerebrum (by 2.5-fold) and in hippocampus (1.4 to 3.2-fold) in both PND21 and PND30 Pb-exposed rats over controls. MT-3 gene expression also increased in the cerebrum (by 42%), and in the hippocampus (by 65% and 43% in the PND21 and PND30 rats, respectively), in the Pb-exposed rats over controls, but the increase was statistically significant (p < 0.05) only in the PND30 rats. Pb exposure significantly increased (p < 0.05) percentage of MT-3 immunoreactive cells in Cornu Ammonis and dentate gyrus regions in the PND21 rats, and in the Cornu Ammonis 1, dentate gyrus and cortex regions in the PND30 rats. Our data thus provide convincing evidence that exposure to low levels of Pb during preweaning period increases the expression of MT-3 in the brain of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Khalid M Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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60
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Zhou H, Xu J, Wang W. Functional analysis of metallothionein MTT5 from
Tetrahymena thermophila. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3257-3266. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationInstitute of BiotechnologyShanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina
- School of Environment and SafetyTaiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuanChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationInstitute of BiotechnologyShanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationInstitute of BiotechnologyShanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina
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Ziller A, Fraissinet-Tachet L. Metallothionein diversity and distribution in the tree of life: a multifunctional protein. Metallomics 2018; 10:1549-1559. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are diverse, but not represented yet in all phyla. Moreover, they play a central role as a [MT:T:TO] protein system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Ziller
- Microbial Ecology
- CNRS UMR 5557
- UMR INRA 1418
- Université Lyon1
- Université de Lyon
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62
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de Francisco P, Martín-González A, Turkewitz AP, Gutiérrez JC. Extreme metal adapted, knockout and knockdown strains reveal a coordinated gene expression among different Tetrahymena thermophila metallothionein isoforms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189076. [PMID: 29206858 PMCID: PMC5716537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) constitute a superfamily of small cytosolic proteins that are able to bind metal cations through numerous cysteine (Cys) residues. Like other organisms the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila presents several MT isoforms, which have been classified into two subfamilies (Cd- and Cu-metallothioneins). The main aim of this study was to examine the specific functions and transcriptional regulation of the five MT isoforms present in T. thermophila, by using several strains of this ciliate. After a laboratory evolution experiment over more than two years, three different T. thermophila strains adapted to extreme metal stress (Cd2+, Cu2+ or Pb2+) were obtained. In addition, three knockout and/or knockdown strains for different metallothionein (MT) genes were generated. These strains were then analyzed for expression of the individual MT isoforms. Our results provide a strong basis for assigning differential roles to the set of MT isoforms. MTT1 appears to have a key role in adaptation to Cd. In contrast, MTT2/4 are crucial for Cu-adaptation and MTT5 appears to be important for Pb-adaptation and might be considered as an “alarm” MT gene for responding to metal stress. Moreover, results indicate that likely a coordinated transcriptional regulation exists between the MT genes, particularly among MTT1, MTT5 and MTT2/4. MTT5 appears to be an essential gene, a first such report in any organism of an essential MT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Francisco
- Departamento de Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-González
- Departamento de Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aaron P. Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Cummings Life Sciences Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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63
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Nielsen AE, Bohr A, Penkowa M. The Balance between Life and Death of Cells: Roles of Metallothioneins. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190600100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) is a highly conserved, low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich protein that occurs in 4 isoforms (MT-I to MT-IV), of which MT-I+II are the major and best characterized proteins. This review will focus on mammalian MT-I+II and their functional impact upon cellular survival and death, as seen in two rather contrasting pathological conditions: Neurodegeneration and neoplasms. MT-I+II have analogous functions including: 1) Antioxidant scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS); 2) Cytoprotection against degeneration and apoptosis; 3) Stimulation of cell growth and repair including angiogenesis/revascularization, activation of stem/progenitor cells, and neuroregeneration. Thereby, MT-I+II mediate neuroprotection, CNS restoration and clinical recovery during neurodegenerative disorders. Due to the promotion of cell survival, increased MT-I+II levels have been associated with poor tumor prognosis, although the data are less clear and direct causative roles of MT-I+II in oncogenesis remain to be identified. The MT-I+II molecular mechanisms of actions are not fully elucidated. However, their role in metal ion homeostasis might be fundamental in controlling Zn-dependent transcription factors, protein synthesis, cellular energy levels/metabolism and cell redox state. Here, the neuroprotective and regenerative functions of MT-I+II are reviewed, and the presumed link to oncogenesis is critically perused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Evald Nielsen
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Bohr
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milena Penkowa
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:545-554. [PMID: 28889024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent bio-accumulative toxic metal with unique physicochemical properties of public health concern since their natural and anthropogenic diffusions still induce high risk to human and environmental health. The goal of this review was to analyze scientific literature evaluating the role of global concerns over Hg exposure due to human exposure to ingestion of contaminated seafood (methyl-Hg) as well as elemental Hg levels of dental amalgam fillings (metallic Hg), vaccines (ethyl-Hg) and contaminated water and air (Hg chloride). Mercury has been recognized as a neurotoxicant as well as immunotoxic and designated by the World Health Organization as one of the ten most dangerous chemicals to public health. It has been shown that the half-life of inorganic Hg in human brains is several years to several decades. Mercury occurs in the environment under different chemical forms as elemental Hg (metallic), inorganic and organic Hg. Despite the raising understanding of the Hg toxicokinetics, there is still fully justified to further explore the emerging theories about its bioavailability and adverse effects in humans. In this review, we describe current research and emerging trends in Hg toxicity with the purpose of providing up-to-date information for a better understanding of the kinetics of this metal, presenting comprehensive knowledge on published data analyzing its metabolism, interaction with other metals, distribution, internal doses and targets, and reservoir organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Metallothionein in Brain Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5828056. [PMID: 29085556 PMCID: PMC5632493 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5828056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are a family of proteins which are able to bind metals intracellularly, so their main function is to regulate the cellular metabolism of essential metals. There are 4 major isoforms of MTs (I-IV), three of which have been localized in the central nervous system. MT-I and MT-II have been localized in the spinal cord and brain, mainly in astrocytes, whereas MT-III has been found mainly in neurons. MT-I and MT-II have been considered polyvalent proteins whose main function is to maintain cellular homeostasis of essential metals such as zinc and copper, but other functions have also been considered: detoxification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, processes of inflammation, and protection against free radicals generated by oxidative stress. On the other hand, the MT-III has been related in events of pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer. Likewise, the participation of MTs in other neurological disorders has also been reported. This review shows recent evidence about the role of MT in the central nervous system and its possible role in neurodegenerative diseases as well as in brain disorders.
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Smolentseva O, Gusarov I, Gautier L, Shamovsky I, DeFrancesco AS, Losick R, Nudler E. Mechanism of biofilm-mediated stress resistance and lifespan extension in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7137. [PMID: 28769037 PMCID: PMC5540977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria naturally form communities of cells known as biofilms. However the physiological roles of biofilms produced by non-pathogenic microbiota remain largely unknown. To assess the impact of a biofilm on host physiology we explored the effect of several non-pathogenic biofilm-forming bacteria on Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Pseudomonas fluorescens induces C. elegans stress resistance. Biofilm also protects against pathogenic infection and prolongs lifespan. Total mRNA analysis identified a set of host genes that are upregulated in response to biofilm formation by B. subtilis. We further demonstrate that mtl-1 is responsible for the biofilm-mediated increase in oxidative stress resistance and lifespan extension. Induction of mtl-1 and hsp-70 promotes biofilm-mediated thermotolerance. ilys-2 activity accounts for biofilm-mediated resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing. These results reveal the importance of non-pathogenic biofilms for host physiology and provide a framework to study commensal biofilms in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Smolentseva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ivan Gusarov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Laurent Gautier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ilya Shamovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alicia S DeFrancesco
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Richard Losick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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67
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Kitowski I, Jakubas D, Wiącek D, Sujak A, Pitucha G. Trace element concentrations in livers of Common Buzzards Buteo buteo from eastern Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:421. [PMID: 28756588 PMCID: PMC5534201 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, our aim was to determine the common sources of origin of 18 elements in the livers of Common Buzzards collected during the breeding season in an extensive agricultural landscape in south-east Poland with respect to age (adults and immatures) and sex (males and females). In all 34 specimens collected, the element concentrations followed the pattern of S > Na > Fe > Mg > Zn > Si > Cu > Mn > Ba > Se > B > Pb > Hg > Cd > Cr > Ni > Sr > V. Among the heavy metals examined, only the concentration of Pb was relatively high. Given the prevalence of farmland in the studied area (and the wide use of fertilizers), common use of lead-hunting ammunition and moderate concentration of Pb in fertilizers, the indirect influence of hunting ammunition ingested with food or as gastroliths was apparently responsible for the elevated levels of Pb in the livers of Common Buzzards. In our study, no significant sex-related differences were detected in the hepatic concentrations of any element. However, a significant age effect was observed for three elements, which had elevated levels in adults (Hg) and immature birds (B, Pb), and a significant age x sex interaction was found for S and Fe. These results might be explained by the importance of these elements in bone growth in immature birds (B), variable strategies of foraging between adults and immature birds (Pb), and possible intersex differences in the immature cohort in response to the presence of lead (S, Fe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Kitowski
- State School of Higher Education in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100, Chełm, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Jakubas
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sujak
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-933, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Pitucha
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by a rapid loss of lower and upper motor neurons. As a complex disease, the ageing process and complicated gene-environment interactions are involved in the majority of cases. Main body Significant advances have been made in unravelling the genetic susceptibility to ALS with massively parallel sequencing technologies, while environmental insults remain a suspected but largely unexplored source of risk. Several studies applying the strategy of Mendelian randomisation have strengthened the link between environmental insults and ALS, but none so far has proved conclusive. We propose a new ALS model which links the current knowledge of genetic factors, ageing and environmental insults. This model provides a mechanism as to how ALS is initiated, with environmental insults playing a critical role. Conclusion The available evidence has suggested that inherited defect(s) could cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which would establish the primary susceptibility to ALS. Further study of the underlying mechanism may shed light on ALS pathogenesis. Environmental insults are a critical trigger for ALS, particularly in the aged individuals with other toxicant susceptible genes. The identification of ALS triggers could lead to preventive strategies for those individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Sydney Medical School (Central), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia.,Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
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Mammalian Metallothionein-3: New Functional and Structural Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061117. [PMID: 28538697 PMCID: PMC5485941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein-3 (MT-3), a member of the mammalian metallothionein (MT) family, is mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). MT-3 possesses a unique neuronal growth inhibitory activity, and the levels of this intra- and extracellularly occurring metalloprotein are markedly diminished in the brain of patients affected by a number of metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In these pathologies, the redox cycling of copper, accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a key role in the neuronal toxicity. Although MT-3 shares the metal-thiolate clusters with the well-characterized MT-1 and MT-2, it shows distinct biological, structural and chemical properties. Owing to its anti-oxidant properties and modulator function not only for Zn, but also for Cu in the extra- and intracellular space, MT-3, but not MT-1/MT-2, protects neuronal cells from the toxicity of various Cu(II)-bound amyloids. In recent years, the roles of zinc dynamics and MT-3 function in neurodegeneration are slowly emerging. This short review focuses on the recent developments regarding the chemistry and biology of MT-3.
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70
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Jakovac H, Grubić Kezele T, Šućurović S, Mulac-Jeričević B, Radošević-Stašić B. Osteopontin-metallothionein I/II interactions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuroscience 2017; 350:133-145. [PMID: 28344072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glyco-phosphoprotein, plays an important role in autoimmune-mediated demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As an integrin and CD44 binding protein it participates in bidirectional communication between the ECM and target cells and affects transduction pathways that maintain neuronal and immune cell homeostasis. Its biological activity is also heavily influenced by microenvironment, which stimulates the cleavage of OPN and changes its functions. In this study we estimated the expression profile of OPN in neural tissues of DA rats during the first relapse of chronic relapsing EAE and investigated the relationship of OPN to metallothionein I+II (MTs), which play pivotal role in zinc-related cell homeostasis and in protection of CNS against cytokine-induced injury. The data showed that in EAE rats OPN mRNA and protein levels increased concurrently with the transcription of MTs and that within the spinal cord (SC) lysates EAE-afflicted rats had a higher content of OPN fragments of low molecular weight than untreated and CFA-treated rats. The expression of OPN and MTs was upregulated on ependymal, lymphoid and astroglial cells and on multiple αvβ3+ neurons in SC and in the brain (cortex, white matter, hippocampus, and cerebellum). Besides, multiple cells co-expressed OPN and MTs. Granular OPN signals were detected in secretory vesicles of Golgy (αvβ3 neurons) and in patches adjacent to the plasma membrane (subventricular zone). The findings imply that in demyelinating lesions are generated proteolytic OPN fragments and that OPN/MT interactions contribute to tissue remodeling during an autoimmune attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Jakovac
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sandra Šućurović
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Biserka Mulac-Jeričević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Biserka Radošević-Stašić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Durkalec M, Kolenda R, Owczarek T, Szkoda J, Nawrocka A, Grzegrzółka J, Dzięgiel P, Socha P, Kołacz R, Schierack P, Żmudzki J, Posyniak A. Expression of metallothionein in the liver and kidneys of the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from an industrial metal smelting area of Poland. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:121-129. [PMID: 27918943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The metallothionein 1 (MT1) coding sequence of red deer was identified and compared to orthologous sequences from other mammals. Over 90% identity was observed between red deer MT1 amino acid sequence and MT1 sequences of other ruminants. Liver and kidney samples of red deer were collected from the industrial zinc smelting site of Miasteczko Slaskie and from the Masuria Lake District serving as a pollution-free control site. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrometry technique (AAS). The levels of Cd in the liver of red deer from the metal smelting region was about 8 times higher than for the reference control site. Next, the expression of MT1 mRNA in the liver of red deer was quantified by the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and the expression of MT1/2 protein in the liver and kidneys was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Positive correlations were found between expression levels for MT1 mRNA and the concentrations of Cu and Zn in liver of red deer, and with the age of animals. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the nuclear and cytoplasmatic expression in both liver and kidney tissues, but with no obvious relationship shown for the expression of MT1/2 protein and tissue metal levels. Our results showed that the analysis of MT expression levels in the red deer could not be used independently as a biomarker for identifying exposure to Cd, but could be co-analyzed with tissue metal levels to give better prognosis for environmental exposure to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Durkalec
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C. K. Norwida 31, 51-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Owczarek
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C. K. Norwida 31, 51-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Józef Szkoda
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Grzegrzółka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roman Kołacz
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jan Żmudzki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Thioredoxin and metallothionein: Homeostasis-related proteins in lip carcinogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 77:75-81. [PMID: 28183007 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thioredoxin (Trx) and metallothionein (MT) are involved in the development of some carcinomas; however, the role of these proteins in labial carcinogenesis has not yet been tested. The aims of the study were to evaluate and to correlate the immunoexpression of Trx and MT in actinic cheilitis, lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal vermillion lip mucosa. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was undertaken for Trx and MT in samples of actinic cheilitis, lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal lip mucosa. Qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluations were conducted. The proportion of stained cells, intensity of staining, and the cell compartment labeled were evaluated. A quickscore index was also calculated by multiplying the values of extension and intensity of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, respectively, giving a maximum value of 9. Statistics were performed. RESULTS A remarkable nuclear Trx staining was seen in normal lip mucosa and cheilitis, not in carcinoma (p<0.05). Cytoplasmic Trx expression was widely detected in all lesions (p>0.05). MT was broadly expressed in nuclei and cytoplasm of carcinoma, but not in normal lip mucosa and cheilitis (p<0.05). Quickscores were in accordance with the qualitative results. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed a different immunopattern of Trx and MT between normal lip mucosa, actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma. The cellular compartment-based analyses evidenced differences that can be related to the proteins function. Considering the relevant roles of these proteins in cellular homeostasis, they seem to have an important role in lip carcinogenesis.
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Qiang J, Tao YF, He J, Xu P, Bao JW, Sun YL. miR-122 promotes hepatic antioxidant defense of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to cadmium by directly targeting a metallothionein gene. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:39-48. [PMID: 27855320 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate target gene expression by binding to the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the target mRNA. MiRNAs regulate a large variety of genes, including those involved in liver homeostasis and energy metabolism. Down-regulated levels of hepatic miR-122 were found in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to cadmium (Cd) stress. Here, we report for the first time that reduction of miR-122 post-transcriptionally increased metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels by binding to its 3'UTR, as shown by a 3' UTR luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of miR-122 were negatively related to MT levels in GIFT under Cd stress. We performed in vivo functional analysis of miR-122 by injecting the fish with a miR-122 antagomir. Inhibition of miR-122 levels in GIFT liver caused a significant increase in MT expression, affected white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and glucose levels, all of which may help to relieve Cd stress-related liver stress. miR-122 silencing modulated oxidative stress and stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Our findings indicate that miR-122 regulated MT levels by binding to the 3'UTR of MT mRNA, and this interaction affected Cd stress induction and the resistance response in GIFT. We concluded that miR-122 plays an important role in regulating the stress response in GIFT liver. Our findings may contribute to understanding the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in tilapia in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin-Wen Bao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yi-Lan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
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Stankovic RK, Lee V, Kekic M, Harper C. The Expression and Significance of Metallothioneins in Murine Organs and Tissues Following Mercury Vapour Exposure. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 31:514-23. [PMID: 14692620 DOI: 10.1080/01926230390226069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The fate of inspired mercury vapour (Hg0) is critical in the central nervous system (CNS) where it can circumvent the blood—brain barrier (BBB) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and accumulate indefinitely in motor neurons by retrograde transport. The detoxification of systemic Hg0 by lung and liver requires investigation. We exposed 129/Sv wild-type (Wt) and 129/Sv MT-I, II double knockout (KO) mice to 500 μg Hg0/m3 for 4 hours to investigate the expression of MT in the lung, liver, and spinal cord following Hg0 exposure using unexposed groups as controls. There were congestive changes in liver and lung of both Wt and MT-KO groups of Hg0-treated mice; these changes appeared more pronounced in the MT-KO group. Motor neurons in the spinal cord did not show any pathological changes. Based on expression of MT, liver appears to have a major role in trapping and stabilising mercury. In the spinal cord, MT was expressed in all white matter astrocytes and in some grey matter astrocytes. Notably, motor neurons did not express MT, and the presence of MT could not be demonstrated in the axons of the ventral root. The absence of MT expression in motor neurons and their axons suggests the dependence of the motor system on the detoxifying capacity of liver MTs.
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Scudiero R, Cigliano L, Verderame M. Age-related changes of metallothionein 1/2 and metallothionein 3 expression in rat brain. C R Biol 2016; 340:13-17. [PMID: 27939232 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is one of the main physiological consequences of aging on brain. Metallothioneins (MTs), low molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy-metal ions and oxygen-free radicals, are commonly expressed in various tissues of mammals. MTs are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and protection, and may be engaged in aging. Expression of the ubiquitous MTs (1 and 2) and the brain specific MT3 have been studied in many neurodegenerative disorders. The research results indicate that MTs may play important, although not yet fully known, roles in brain diseases; in addition, data lack the ability to identify the MT isoforms functionally involved. The aim of this study was to analyse the level of gene expression of selected MT isoforms during brain aging. By using real-time PCR analysis, we determined the MT1/2 and MT3 expression profiles in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of adolescent (2months), adult (4 and 8months), and middle-aged (16months) rats. We show that the relative abundance of all types of MT transcripts changes during aging in both hippocampus and cortex; the first effect is a generalized decrease in the content of MTs transcripts from 2- to 8-months-old rats. After passing middle age, at 16months, we observe a huge increase in MT3 transcripts in both cortical and hippocampal areas, while the MT1/2 mRNA content increases slightly, returning to the levels measured in adolescent rats. These findings demonstrate an age-related expression of the MT3 gene. A possible link between the increasing amount of MT3 in brain aging and its different metal-binding behaviour is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariailaria Verderame
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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Saad AA, El-Sikaily A, Kassem H. Metallothionein and Glutathione Content as Biomarkers of Metal Pollution in Mussels and Local Fishermen in Abu Qir Bay, Egypt. J Health Pollut 2016; 6:50-60. [PMID: 30524805 PMCID: PMC6221500 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-6-12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When heavy metals accumulate in air, soil, and water, the risk of human exposure increases among industrial workers, as well as in people living near polluted areas. Heavy metals adversely affect a variety of bodily systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. In addition, long-term exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body may disturb oxidative stress genes and thus increase the susceptibility to various diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to estimate the metallothionein concentration in both mussel samples from Abu Qir Bay, Egypt and the blood of local fishermen as a biomarker of exposure to metal pollution. METHODS Levels of metallothionein and heavy metals were measured in mussels. Blood levels of metallothionein and heavy metals of local fishermen were measured and compared with a control group. The effect of heavy metal exposure on oxidative stress status was investigated through the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and glutathione content. RESULTS The results of this study showed high concentrations of metallothionein in mussels and in fishermen's blood, accompanied by high concentrations of metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). At the same time, a significant decrease in glutathione content and catalase enzyme activity was associated with a significant increase in the malondialdehyde concentrations in sera of fishermen. CONCLUSIONS The present study found that the El Maadiya region is polluted with heavy metals, inducing oxidative stress in fishermen in the vicinity. These results reveal the necessity of further environmental monitoring in the study area in order to evaluate other types of pollutants and their effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza A. Saad
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Amany El-Sikaily
- Marine Pollution Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt
| | - Hany Kassem
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Pan Y, Pan Y, Zhai J, Xiong Y, Li J, Du X, Su C, Zhang X. Cucumber Metallothionein-Like 2 (CsMTL2) Exhibits Metal-Binding Properties. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:E106. [PMID: 27916887 PMCID: PMC5192482 DOI: 10.3390/genes7120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified a novel member of the metallothionein (MT) family, Cucumis sativus metallothionein-like 2 (CsMTL2), by screening a young cucumber fruit complementary DNA (cDNA) library. The CsMTL2 encodes a putative 77-amino acid Class II MT protein that contains two cysteine (Cys)-rich domains separated by a Cys-free spacer region. We found that CsMTL2 expression was regulated by metal stress and was specifically induced by Cd2+ treatment. We investigated the metal-binding characteristics of CsMTL2 and its possible role in the homeostasis and/or detoxification of metals by heterologous overexpression in Escherichia coli cells. Furthermore, we produced a deletion mutant form of the protein, CsMTL2m, that contained the two Cys-rich clusters but lacked the spacer region, in E. coli. We compared the metal-binding properties of CsMTL2 with those of CsMTL2m, the β domain of human metallothionein-like protein 1 (HsMTXb), and phytochelatin-like (PCL) heterologously expressed in E. coli using metal-binding assays. We found that E. coli cells expressing CsMTL2 accumulated the highest levels of Zn2+ and Cd2+ of the four transformed cell types, with levels being significantly higher than those of control cells containing empty vector. E. coli cells expressing CsMTL2 had a higher tolerance for cadmium than for zinc ions. These findings show that CsMTL2 improves metal tolerance when heterologously expressed in E. coli. Future studies should examine whether CsMTL2 improves metal tolerance in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yanglu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Qijiang District Bureau of Forestry, Chongqing 401420, China.
| | - Yan Xiong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiaobing Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chenggang Su
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Bertrand L, Monferrán MV, Mouneyrac C, Bonansea RI, Asis R, Amé MV. Sensitive biomarker responses of the shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus exposed to chlorpyrifos at environmental concentrations: Roles of alpha-tocopherol and metallothioneins. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:72-81. [PMID: 27588703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) at environmental concentrations on the shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus, a South American native species. Organisms were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CPF (from 3.5 to 94.5ngCPFL(-1)) at laboratory conditions for 96h. A wide battery of biochemical responses including bioaccumulation, damage and defense biomarkers were measured in cephalothorax and abdomen of shrimp. The concentration of CPF was below the detection limit of the method in both body sectors (8ngCPFg(-1)ww), probably indicating fast biotransformation of the parental compound. Our results showed that CPF exposure inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity from 3.5ngCPFL(-1), a concentration below the suggested Argentinean guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota. Moreover, oxidative stress was evidenced by increased H2O2 content and increased levels of TBARs and carbonyl groups in proteins. The induction of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase seems not be sufficient to prevent oxidative damages. In addition, the mobilization of α-tocopherol from abdomen to cephalothorax was observed and reported for the first time in non-reproductive condition. Likewise, a strong diminution of metallothioneins occurred in cephalothorax from the lowest CPF concentration while induction occurred from the same treatment in abdomen as an oxidative stress response. Finally, significant correlation between Integrated Biomarker Response values and exposure concentrations suggest the usefulness of P. argentinus as bioindicator of CPF exposure at concentrations as low as environmental ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwina Bertrand
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magadalena Victoria Monferrán
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba-ICYTAC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS EA2160, LUNAM Université, 3 Place André Leroy, BP10808, 49008 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Rocio Inés Bonansea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ramón Asis
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Amé
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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79
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Zinc and zinc-containing biomolecules in childhood brain tumors. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1199-1215. [PMID: 27638340 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc ions are essential cofactors of a wide range of enzymes, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins. Moreover, zinc is also involved in cellular signaling and enzymes inhibition. Zinc dysregulation, deficiency, over-supply, and imbalance in zinc ion transporters regulation are connected with various diseases including cancer. A zinc ion pool is maintained by two types of proteins: (i) zinc-binding proteins, which act as a buffer and intracellular donors of zinc and (ii) zinc transporters responsible for zinc fluxes into/from cells and organelles. The decreased serum zinc ion levels have been identified in patients suffering from various cancer diseases, including head and neck tumors and breast, prostate, liver, and lung cancer. On the contrary, increased zinc ion levels have been found in breast cancer and other malignant tissues. Zinc metalloproteomes of a majority of tumors including brain ones are still not yet fully understood. Current knowledge show that zinc ion levels and detection of certain zinc-containing proteins may be utilized for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In addition, these proteins can also be promising therapeutic targets. The aim of the present work is an overview of the importance of zinc ions, zinc transporters, and zinc-containing proteins in brain tumors, which are, after leukemia, the second most common type of childhood cancer and the second leading cause of death in children after accidents.
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Mammalian Metallothionein-2A and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091483. [PMID: 27608012 PMCID: PMC5037761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian metallothionein-2A (MT2A) has received considerable attention in recent years due to its crucial pathophysiological role in anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, detoxification and anti-inflammation. For many years, most studies evaluating the effects of MT2A have focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS), as second messengers that lead to oxidative stress injury of cells and tissues. Recent studies have highlighted that oxidative stress could activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and MT2A, as a mediator of MAPKs, to regulate the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the molecule mechanism of MT2A remains elusive. A deeper understanding of the functional, biochemical and molecular characteristics of MT2A would be identified, in order to bring new opportunities for oxidative stress therapy.
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81
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Chi C, Giri SS, Jun JW, Kim HJ, Yun S, Kim SG, Park SC. Marine Toxin Okadaic Acid Affects the Immune Function of Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians). Molecules 2016; 21:E1108. [PMID: 27563864 PMCID: PMC6272952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is produced by dinoflagellates during harmful algal blooms and is a diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin. This toxin is particularly problematic for bivalves that are cultured for human consumption. This study aimed to reveal the effects of exposure to OA on the immune responses of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Various immunological parameters were assessed (total hemocyte counts (THC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and nitric oxide (NO) in the hemolymph of scallops at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure (hpe) to different concentrations of OA (50, 100, and 500 nM). Moreover, the expression of immune-system-related genes (CLT-6, FREP, HSP90, MT, and Cu/ZnSOD) was also measured. Results showed that ROS, MDA, and NO levels and LDH activity were enhanced after exposure to different concentrations of OA; however, both THC and GSH decreased between 24-48 hpe. The expression of immune-system-related genes was also assessed at different time points during the exposure period. Overall, our results suggest that exposure to OA had negative effects on immune system function, increased oxygenic stress, and disrupted metabolism of bay scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea.
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea.
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea.
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, Korea.
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Saeedi A, Fardid R, Khoshnoud MJ, Kazemi E, Omidi M, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. Disturbance of zinc and glucose homeostasis by methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE); evidence for type 2 diabetes. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:547-552. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1201872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arastoo Saeedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran and
| | - Reza Fardid
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khoshnoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran and
| | - Elaheh Kazemi
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Omidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran and
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran and
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Uehara T, Miyoshi T, Tsuchiya N, Masuno K, Okada M, Inoue S, Torii M, Yamate J, Maruyama T. Comparative analysis of gene expression between renal cortex and papilla in nedaplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 26:767-80. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327107084069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of nephrotoxicity caused by anti-neoplastic platinum complex, nedaplatin (NDP), treatment with a particular focus on the renal papillary toxicity, we analysed the gene expression profiles of two renal regions, the cortex (RC) and the papilla (RP) in rat kidneys. Male Wistar rats received a single administration of 10 mg/kg intravenous NDP or vehicle alone (5% xylitol solution) and were sacrificed six days later. The kidneys were dissected into the RC and RP and used for histopathological and microarray analyses. Histopathologically, NDP caused characteristic renal lesions, such as necrosis, single cell necrosis (with TUNEL TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling-positive) and regeneration/hyperplasia of the epithelial cells in both renal regions. Global gene expression analysis revealed that several genes involved in various functional categories were commonly deregulated in both renal regions, such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, DNA metabolism, cell migration/adhesion and cytoskeleton organization or genes induced as a perturbation of oxidative status and calcium homeostasis. Comparative analysis of gene expression between RC and RP revealed that genes encoding several subtypes of cytokeratins were identified as being specifically overexpressed in RP by the NDP treatment. Differential expression patterns of these selected genes observed by microarray analysis were further confirmed by quantitative real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, which demonstrated increased expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 14 and 19 at the epithelium covering RP and/or collecting duct epithelium. Overall, the results contribute to understanding the renal molecular events of NDP-induced nephrotoxicity including novel potential biomarker genes encoding CKs 14 and 19 that may serve as indicators of renal papillary toxicity. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 767—780
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeki Uehara
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan,
| | - Takako Miyoshi
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuchiya
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Koichi Masuno
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Manabu Okada
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Mikinori Torii
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Maruyama
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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Huang D, Hu Q, Fang S, Feng J. Dosage Effect of Zinc Glycine Chelate on Zinc Metabolism and Gene Expression of Zinc Transporter in Intestinal Segments on Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:363-370. [PMID: 26507438 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zinc plays an essential role in various fundamental biological processes. The focus of this research was to investigate the dosage effect of zinc glycine chelate (Zn-Gly) on zinc metabolism and the gene expression of zinc transporters in intestinal segments. A total of 30 4-week-old SD rats were randomized into five treatment groups. The basal diets for each group were supplemented with gradient levels of Zn (0, 30, 60, 90, and 180 mg/kg) from Zn-Gly. After 1-week experiment, the results showed that serum and hepatic zinc concentration were elevated linearly with supplemental Zn levels from 0 to 180 mg Zn/kg. Serum Cu-Zn SOD activities resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) quadratic response and reached the peak when fed 60 mg Zn/kg. There were linear responses to the addition of Zn-Gly from 0 to 180 mg Zn/kg on Cu-Zn SOD and AKP activities in the liver. In the duodenum, MT1 mRNA was upregulated with the increasing dietary Zn-Gly levels and reached the peak of 180 mg Zn/kg (P < 0.05). Zip4 mRNA expression was downregulated with the increasing zinc levels (P < 0.05) in both duodenum and jejunum. In the jejunum, Zip5 mRNA expression in 60 mg Zn/kg was higher compared with other groups (P < 0.05). ZnT1 mRNA in duodenum was numerically increased with the rising levels of zinc content and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with 180 mg Zn/kg. In the duodenum, adding 60 or 90 mg Zn/kg increased PepT1 expression, but in the jejunum, 60 mg Zn/kg did not differ from 0 added Zn. In summary, there is a dose-dependent effect of dietary Zn-Gly on serum and hepatic zinc levels and the activities of Cu-Zn SOD and AKP on rats. Dietary Zn-Gly has a certain effect on MT1, Zip4, Zip5, and ZnT1 expression, which expressed differently in intestinal segments with different levels of Zn-Gly load. Besides, Zn-Gly also could regulate PepT1 expression in intestinal segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, 310058
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, 310058
| | - Shenglin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, 310058
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, 310058.
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de Francisco P, Melgar LM, Díaz S, Martín-González A, Gutiérrez JC. The Tetrahymena metallothionein gene family: twenty-one new cDNAs, molecular characterization, phylogenetic study and comparative analysis of the gene expression under different abiotic stressors. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:346. [PMID: 27165301 PMCID: PMC4862169 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ciliate metallothioneins (MTs) are included in family 7 of the MT superfamily. This family has been divided into two main subfamilies: 7a or CdMTs and 7b or CuMTs. All ciliate MTs reported have been isolated from different Tetrahymena species and present unique features with regard to standard MTs. Likewise, an expression analysis has been carried out on some of MT genes under metal stress, corroborating their classification into two subfamilies. Results We isolated 21 new cDNAs from different Tetrahymena species to obtain a wider view of the biodiversity of these conserved genes. Structural analysis (cysteine patterns) and an updated phylogenetic study both corroborated the previous classification into two subfamilies. A new CuMT from a Tetrahymena-related species Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was also included in this general analysis. We detected a certain tendency towards the presentation of a CdMT tri-modular structure in Borealis group species with respect to Australis group. We report for the first time a semi-complete paralog duplication of a CdMT gene originating a new CdMT gene isoform in T. malaccensis. An asymmetry of the codon usage for glutamine residues was detected between Cd- and CuMTs, and the phylogenetic implications are discussed. A comparative gene expression analysis of several MT genes by qRT-PCR revealed differential behavior among them under different abiotic stressors in the same Tetrahymena species. Conclusions The Tetrahymena metallothionein family represents a quite conserved protein structure group with unique features with respect to standard MTs. Both Cd- and CuMT subfamilies present very defined and differentiated characteristics at several levels: cysteine patterns, modular structure, glutamine codon usage and gene expression under metal stress, among others. Gene duplication through evolution seems to be the major genetic mechanism for creating new MT gene isoforms and increasing their functional diversity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2658-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Francisco
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura María Melgar
- Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Tecnológico de la fábrica de armas, Edificio Sabatini. Av. Carlos III, s/n. 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-González
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Chi C, Giri SS, Jun JW, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Yun S, Park SC. Effect of the Algaecide Palmitoleic Acid on the Immune Function of the Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050610. [PMID: 27171074 PMCID: PMC6274082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (PA), an algicidal compound, is used against the toxin producing dinofagelate Alexandrium tamarense, however, its impact on the edible bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impacts of effective algicidal concentrations (20, 40, and 80 mg/L) of PA on immune responses in A. irradians. Various immune parameters including acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme, phagocytic activity, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of immune-related genes (PrxV, CLT-6, MT, and BD) were measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure (hpe) to PA. Lysozyme activity was lower in scallops at 12-48 hpe to 80 mg/L. SOD, ACP activity, ROS production, the total protein, and MDA level was higher at 12 to 48 hpe with different concentrations of PA. Phagocytic activity increased at 6-12 hpe to 40-80 mg/L of PA, but decreased at 24-48 hpe. The expressions of genes PrxV, CLT-6, MT and BD down-regulated at 3 hpe were observed, while differential expressions from 6-48 hpe with different concentrations of PA. The present study demonstrated that immersing A. irradians in PA at effective concentrations could result in differential effects on non-specific immune responses and expressions of immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
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87
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Kimura T, Kambe T. The Functions of Metallothionein and ZIP and ZnT Transporters: An Overview and Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:336. [PMID: 26959009 PMCID: PMC4813198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 3000 proteins are thought to bind zinc in vivo, which corresponds to ~10% of the human proteome. Zinc plays a pivotal role as a structural, catalytic, and signaling component that functions in numerous physiological processes. It is more widely used as a structural element in proteins than any other transition metal ion, is a catalytic component of many enzymes, and acts as a cellular signaling mediator. Thus, it is expected that zinc metabolism and homeostasis have sophisticated regulation, and elucidating the underlying molecular basis of this is essential to understanding zinc functions in cellular physiology and pathogenesis. In recent decades, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered critical roles of a number of proteins in zinc metabolism and homeostasis through influxing, chelating, sequestrating, coordinating, releasing, and effluxing zinc. Metallothioneins (MT) and Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIP) and Zn transporters (ZnT) are the proteins primarily involved in these processes, and their malfunction has been implicated in a number of inherited diseases such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. The present review updates our current understanding of the biological functions of MTs and ZIP and ZnT transporters from several new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kimura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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88
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Pedrini-Martha V, Niederwanger M, Kopp R, Schnegg R, Dallinger R. Physiological, Diurnal and Stress-Related Variability of Cadmium-Metallothionein Gene Expression in Land Snails. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150442. [PMID: 26935042 PMCID: PMC4774997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial Roman snail Helix pomatia has successfully adapted to strongly fluctuating conditions in its natural soil habitat. Part of the snail’s stress defense strategy is its ability to express Metallothioneins (MTs). These are multifunctional, cysteine-rich proteins that bind and inactivate transition metal ions (Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu+) with high affinity. In Helix pomatia a Cadmium (Cd)-selective, inducible Metallothionein Isoform (CdMT) is mainly involved in detoxification of this harmful metal. In addition, the snail CdMT has been shown to also respond to certain physiological stressors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological and diurnal variability of CdMT gene expression in snails exposed to Cd and non-metallic stressors such as desiccation and oxygen depletion. CdMT gene expression was upregulated by Cd exposure and desiccation, whereas no significant impact on the expression of CdMT was measured due to oxygen depletion. Overall, Cd was clearly more effective as an inducer of the CdMT gene expression compared to the applied non-metallic stressors. In unexposed snails, diurnal rhythmicity of CdMT gene expression was observed with higher mRNA concentrations at night compared to daytime. This rhythmicity was severely disrupted in Cd-exposed snails which exhibited highest CdMT gene transcription rates in the morning. Apart from diurnal rhythmicity, feeding activity also had a strong impact on CdMT gene expression. Although underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, it is clear that factors increasing MT expression variability have to be considered when using MT mRNA quantification as a biomarker for environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pedrini-Martha
- Department of Ecophysiology, Division of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
- * E-mail: (RD); (VPM)
| | - Michael Niederwanger
- Department of Ecophysiology, Division of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Renate Kopp
- Department of Ecophysiology, Division of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Raimund Schnegg
- Department of Ecophysiology, Division of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Department of Ecophysiology, Division of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
- * E-mail: (RD); (VPM)
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89
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Duan Q, Wang T, Zhang N, Perera V, Liang X, Abeysekera IR, Yao X. Propylthiouracil, Perchlorate, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Modulate High Concentrations of Iodide Instigated Mitochondrial Superoxide Production in the Thyroids of Metallothionein I/II Knockout Mice. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:174-84. [PMID: 26754589 PMCID: PMC4803556 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.1.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms in iodide excess-induced thyroid disease. Metallothioneins (MTs) are regarded as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress. Our aim is to investigate the effects of propylthiouracil (PTU), a thyroid peroxidase inhibitor, perchlorate (KClO₄), a competitive inhibitor of iodide transport, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on mitochondrial superoxide production instigated by high concentrations of iodide in the thyroids of MT-I/II knockout (MT-I/II KO) mice. METHODS Eight-week-old 129S7/SvEvBrd-Mt1(tm1Bri) Mt2(tm1Bri)/J (MT-I/II KO) mice and background-matched wild type (WT) mice were used. RESULTS By using a mitochondrial superoxide indicator (MitoSOX Red), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, we demonstrated that the decreased relative viability and increased LDH release and mitochondrial superoxide production induced by potassium iodide (100 μM) can be relieved by 300 μM PTU, 30 μM KClO₄, or 10 U/L TSH in the thyroid cell suspensions of both MT-I/II KO and WT mice (P<0.05). Compared to the WT mice, a significant decrease in the relative viability along with a significant increase in LDH release and mitochondrial superoxide production were detected in MT-I/II KO mice(P<0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded that PTU, KClO₄, or TSH relieved the mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by high concentrations of iodide in the thyroids of both MT-I/II KO and WT mice. MT-I/II showed antioxidant effects against high concentrations of iodide-induced mitochondrial superoxide production in the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Vern Perera
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Iruni Roshanie Abeysekera
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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90
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Ghedira J, Chicano-Gálvez E, Fernández-Cisnal R, Jebali J, Banni M, Chouba L, Boussetta H, López-Barea J, Alhama J. Using environmental proteomics to assess pollutant response of Carcinus maenas along the Tunisian coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:109-118. [PMID: 26402481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical responses to pollutants were studied at four Tunisia littoral sites using Carcinus maenas as a bioindicator. Proteomic analysis was used to assess the global impact of complex pollution mixtures, and to provide new biomarkers and basic insights into pollutant toxicity. Metal contents and metallothionein levels followed a gradient based on sampling sites: Bizerte ≫ Teboulba > Gargour~Mahres. Approximately 900 and 700 spots were resolved in digestive glands and gills, respectively. Gills from Bizerte animals had the maximum number of altered spots, mostly upregulated. In other locations, the number of altered spots in gills decreased in parallel to total metals in in the following order: Teboulba > Gargour > Mahres (mostly downregulated). Out of the 39 spots excised, ten proteins were identified in digestive glands and eight in gills. Digestive glands of Bizerte crabs had higher levels of ferritin, three vitellogenin forms and mannose-binding protein, while Gargour crabs had higher levels of four cryptocyanin forms. Gills of Bizerte crabs had higher levels of ferritin, three vitellogenins forms, lectin 4C, actin, and collagenolytic serine protease. Proteins with altered expression in crabs from Tunisia littoral are related to molting, oxidative stress and inflammation, innate immune response, and proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Ghedira
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Eduardo Chicano-Gálvez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Chemical Laboratory, Higher Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, La Goulette Center, 2060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Boussetta
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Juan López-Barea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José Alhama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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91
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Sridhar V, Narnaware S, Kumar P, Kale SB, Majumdar AS. Co-treatment with sulforaphane–zein microparticles enhances the chemopreventive potential of zinc in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis rat model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis of the study was that zinc and sulforaphane will act on common targets MT and Nrf2 in colon, increasing their intracellular levels leading to improvement in DMH induced oxidative stress thereby hindering the process of colon carcinogenesis in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sridhar
- Department of Pharmacology
- Bombay College of Pharmacy
- Mumbai-400098
- India
| | - Sharad Narnaware
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences (CEB)
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences (CEB)
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Sandeep B. Kale
- DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences (CEB)
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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92
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Murray BS, Babak MV, Hartinger CG, Dyson PJ. The development of RAPTA compounds for the treatment of tumors. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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93
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ABIKO T, KOBAYASHI K, MATSUKAWA T, SHINOHARA A, FURUTA N. Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Proteins Containing Essential Trace Elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se) in Mouse Brain. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2016. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto ABIKO
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University
| | - Keito KOBAYASHI
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University
| | - Takehisa MATSUKAWA
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University
| | - Atsuko SHINOHARA
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University
| | - Naoki FURUTA
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University
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94
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Mehrian-Shai R, Yalon M, Simon AJ, Eyal E, Pismenyuk T, Moshe I, Constantini S, Toren A. High metallothionein predicts poor survival in glioblastoma multiforme. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:68. [PMID: 26493598 PMCID: PMC4618994 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Even with vigorous surgery, radiation and chemotherapy treatment, survival rates of GBM are very poor and predictive markers for prognosis are currently lacking. Methods We performed whole genome expression studies of 67 fresh frozen untreated GBM tumors and validated results by 210 GBM samples’ expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results and discussion Here we show that in GBM patients, high metallothionein (MT) expression is associated with poor survival whereas low MT levels correspond to good prognosis. Furthermore we show that in U87 GBM cell line, p53 is found to be in an inactive mutant-like conformation concurrently with more than 4 times higher MT3 expression level than normal astrocytes and U251GBM cell line. We then show that U87- p53 inactivity can be rescued by zinc (Zn). Conclusions Taken together, these data suggest that MT expression may be a potential novel prognostic biomarker for GBM, and that U87 cells may be a good model for patients with non active WT p53 resulting from high levels of MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruty Mehrian-Shai
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Michal Yalon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Amos J Simon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eran Eyal
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tatyana Pismenyuk
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Itai Moshe
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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95
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Cabras T, Sanna M, Manconi B, Fanni D, Demelia L, Sorbello O, Iavarone F, Castagnola M, Faa G, Messana I. Proteomic investigation of whole saliva in Wilson's disease. J Proteomics 2015; 128:154-63. [PMID: 26254010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism, manifesting hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Early diagnosis is often unfeasible and a unique diagnostic test is currently inapplicable. We performed the qualitative/quantitative characterization of the salivary proteome/peptidome of 32 Wilson's disease patients by an integrated top-down/bottom-up approach. Patients exhibited significant higher levels of S100A9 and S100A8 proteoforms, and their oxidized forms with respect to controls. Oxidation occurred on methionine and tryptophan residues, and on the unique cysteine residue, in position 42 in S100A8, and 3 in S100A9, that generated glutathionylated, cysteinylated, sulfinic, sulfonic, and disulfide dimeric forms. Wilson's disease patient saliva showed high levels of two new fragments of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, and of α-defensins 2 and 4. Overall, the salivary proteome of Wilson's disease patients reflected oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions characteristic of the pathology, highlighting differences that could be useful clues of disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Monica Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Surgery Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Luigi Demelia
- Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", AOU, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Orazio Sorbello
- Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", AOU, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Surgery Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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96
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Nejdl L, Nguyen HV, Richtera L, Krizkova S, Guran R, Masarik M, Hynek D, Heger Z, Lundberg K, Erikson K, Adam V, Kizek R. Label-free bead-based metallothionein electrochemical immunosensor. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1894-904. [PMID: 26033737 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel microfluidic label-free bead-based metallothionein immunosensors was designed. To the surface of superparamagnetic agarose beads coated with protein A, polyclonal chicken IgY specifically recognizing metallothionein (MT) were immobilized via rabbit IgG. The Brdicka reaction was used for metallothionein detection in a microfluidic printed 3D chip. The assembled chip consisted of a single copper wire coated with a thin layer of amalgam as working electrode. Optimization of MT detection using designed microfluidic chip was performed in stationary system as well as in the flow arrangement at various flow rates (0-1800 μL/min). In stationary arrangement it is possible to detect MT concentrations up to 30 ng/mL level, flow arrangement allows reliable detection of even lower concentration (12.5 ng/mL). The assembled miniature flow chip was subsequently tested for the detection of MT elevated levels (at approx. level 100 μg/mL) in samples of patients with cancer. The stability of constructed device for metallothionein detection in flow arrangement was found to be several days without any maintenance needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Nejdl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hoai Viet Nguyen
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Guran
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Lundberg
- Lab on a Bead AΒ, Division of Research and Development, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Erikson
- Lab on a Bead AΒ, Division of Research and Development, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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97
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Li Y, Chen YY, Yang SG, Tian WM. Cloning and characterization of HbMT2a, a metallothionein gene from Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg differently responds to abiotic stress and heavy metals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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98
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Metallothionein 2A affects the cell respiration by suppressing the expression of mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:209-16. [PMID: 25808318 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) are involved in a broad range of cellular processes and play a major role in protection of cells towards various stressors. Two functions of MTs, namely the maintaining of the homeostasis of transition metal ions and the redox balance, are directly linked to the functioning of mitochondria. Dyshomeostasis of MTs is often related with malfunctioning of mitochondria; however, the mechanism by which MTs affect the mitochondrial respiratory chain is still unknown. We demonstrated that overexpression of MT-2A in HEK cell line decreased the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of the cells. HEK cells overexpressing MT-2A demonstrated reduced oxygen consumption and lower cellular ATP levels. MT-2A did not affect the number of mitochondria, but reduced specifically the level of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein, which resulted in lower activity of the complex IV.
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99
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Brazão-Silva MT, Rodrigues MFS, Eisenberg ALA, Dias FL, de Castro LM, Nunes FD, Faria PR, Cardoso SV, Loyola AM, de Sousa SCOM. Metallothionein gene expression is altered in oral cancer and may predict metastasis and patient outcomes. Histopathology 2015; 67:358-67. [PMID: 25640883 DOI: 10.1111/his.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Metallothioneins (MTs) are proteins associated with the carcinogenesis and prognosis of various tumours. Previous studies have shown their potential as biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aiming to understand more clearly the function of MTs in OSCC we evaluated, for the first time, the gene expression profile of MTs in this neoplasm. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Tissue samples from 35 cases of tongue and/or floor of mouth OSCC, paired with their corresponding non-neoplastic oral mucosa (NNOM), were retrieved (2007-09). All tissues were analysed for the following genes using TaqMan(®) reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays: MT1A, MT1B, MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1X, MT2A, MT3 and MT4. The expression of MT1B and MT1H was seldom detected in both OSCC and NNOM. A significant loss of MT1A, MT1X, MT3 and MT4 expression and gain of MT1F expression was observed in OSCC, compared to NNOM. Cases with MT1G down-regulation exhibited the worst prognoses. The up-regulation of MT1X was restricted to non-metastatic cases, whereas up-regulation of MT3 was related to cases with lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Metallothionein mRNA expression is altered significantly in oral squamous cell carcinomas. The expression of MT1G, MT1X and MT3 may aid in the prognostic discrimination of OSCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco T Brazão-Silva
- PhD program in Estomatology and Basic and Applied Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia A Eisenberg
- Department of Pathology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute/INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Dias
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Brazilian National Cancer Institute/INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana M de Castro
- National Tumor Bank, Brazilian National Cancer Institute/INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio D Nunes
- PhD program in Estomatology and Basic and Applied Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Faria
- Department of Histology and Morphology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio V Cardoso
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Adriano M Loyola
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Suzana C O M de Sousa
- PhD program in Estomatology and Basic and Applied Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Changes in Caco-2 cells transcriptome profiles upon exposure to gold nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:187-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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