51
|
Jenkins LM, Stange JP, Barba A, DelDonno SR, Kling LR, Briceño EM, Weisenbach SL, Phan KL, Shankman SA, Welsh RC, Langenecker SA. Integrated cross-network connectivity of amygdala, insula, and subgenual cingulate associated with facial emotion perception in healthy controls and remitted major depressive disorder. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:1242-1254. [PMID: 29110183 PMCID: PMC5803100 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Emotion perception deficits could be due to disrupted connectivity of key nodes in the salience and emotion network (SEN), including the amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), and insula. We examined SEN resting-state (rs-)fMRI connectivity in rMDD in relation to Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT) performance. Fifty-two medication-free people ages 18 to 23 years participated. Twenty-seven had major depressive disorder (MDD) in remission (rMDD, 10 males), as MDD is associated with emotion perception deficits and alterations in rsfMRI. Twenty-five healthy controls (10 males) also participated. Participants completed the FEPT during fMRI, in addition to an 8-minute eyes-open resting-state scan. Seed regions of interest were defined in the amygdala, anterior insula and sgACC. Multiple regression analyses co-varied diagnostic group, sex and movement parameters. Emotion perception accuracy was positively associated with connectivity between amygdala seeds and regions primarily in the SEN and cognitive control network (CCN), and also the default mode network (DMN). Accuracy was also positively associated with connectivity between the sgACC seeds and other SEN regions, and the DMN, particularly for the right sgACC. Connectivity negatively associated with emotion perception was mostly with regions outside of these three networks, other than the left insula and part of the DMN. This study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate relationships between facial emotion processing and resting-state connectivity with SEN nodes and between SEN nodes and regions located within other neural networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jonathan P Stange
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Alyssa Barba
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sophie R DelDonno
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Leah R Kling
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Emily M Briceño
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Peters SE, Lumsden J, Peh OH, Penton-Voak IS, Munafò MR, Robinson OJ. Cognitive bias modification for facial interpretation: a randomized controlled trial of transfer to self-report and cognitive measures in a healthy sample. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170681. [PMID: 29308221 PMCID: PMC5749989 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive bias modification is a potential low-intensity intervention for mood disorders, but previous studies have shown mixed success. This study explored whether facial interpretation bias modification (FIBM), a similar paradigm designed to shift emotional interpretation (and/or perception) of faces would transfer to: (i) self-reported symptoms and (ii) a battery of cognitive tasks. In a preregistered, double-blind randomized controlled trial, healthy participants received eight online sessions of FIBM (N = 52) or eight sham sessions (N = 52). While we replicate that FIBM successfully shifts ambiguous facial expression interpretation in the intervention group, this failed to transfer to the majority of self-report or cognitive measures. There was, however, weak, inconclusive evidence of transfer to a self-report measure of stress, a cognitive measure of anhedonia, and evidence that results were moderated by trait anxiety (whereby transference was greatest in those with higher baseline symptoms). We discuss the need for work in both larger and clinical samples, while urging caution that these FIBM training effects may not transfer to clinically relevant domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Peters
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Lumsden
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - O. H. Peh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - I. S. Penton-Voak
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. R. Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - O. J. Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cheremushkin EA, Petrenko NE, Yakovenko IA, Gordeev SA, Alipov NN, Sergeeva OV. Neurophysiological markers of high anxiety level in man during the process of preparing for a visual recognition. J Integr Neurosci 2017; 17:377-390. [PMID: 29154291 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of EEG analysis the functional state of subjects with high and low levels of anxiety was studied in different periods preceding a cognitive task - a visual expression recognition. Several conditions were investigated: background/eyes closed; background/eyes opened; listening the instruction for the cognitive task; operative rest (time lapse between listening the instruction and the beginning of the task), as well as short intervals immediately preceding the exposition of target stimuli (stage of preparation) - pairs of faces pictures with identical or different emotional expressions. At all these pre-task stages high-anxiety subjects exhibited much lower amplitude values in alpha and theta bands (as compared with low-anxiety subjects). The most prominent differences were revealed in the phases of instruction listening and operative rest. These data could provide more precise electrophysiological markers of anxiety level in conditions preceeding cognitive task performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy A Cheremushkin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda E Petrenko
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Yakovenko
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A Gordeev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Alipov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Sergeeva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Social Cognition Deficits: Current Position and Future Directions for Neuropsychological Interventions in Cerebrovascular Disease. Behav Neurol 2017; 2017:2627487. [PMID: 28729755 PMCID: PMC5512037 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2627487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological assessments of cognitive dysfunction in cerebrovascular illness commonly target basic cognitive functions involving aspects of memory, attention, language, praxis, and number processing. Here, I highlight the clinical importance of often-neglected social cognition functions. These functions recruit a widely distributed neural network, making them vulnerable in most cerebrovascular diseases. Sociocognitive deficits underlie most of the problematic social conduct observed in patients and are associated with more negative clinical outcomes (compared to nonsocial cognitive deficits). In clinical settings, social cognition deficits are normally gleaned from collateral information from caregivers or from indirect inferences made from patients' performance on standard nonsocial cognitive tests. Information from these sources is however inadequate. I discuss key social cognition functions, focusing initially on deficits in emotion perception and theory of mind, two areas that have gained sizeable attention in neuroscientific research, and then extend the discussion into relatively new, less covered but crucial functions involving empathic behaviour, social awareness, social judgements, and social decision making. These functions are frequently impaired following neurological change. At present, a wide range of psychometrically robust social cognition tests is available, and this review also makes the case for their inclusion in neuropsychological assessments.
Collapse
|
55
|
Weidacker K, Snowden RJ, Boy F, Johnston SJ. Response inhibition in the parametric Go/No-Go task in psychopathic offenders. Psychiatry Res 2017; 250:256-263. [PMID: 28171793 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on response inhibition in psychopaths has failed to find consistent evidence for aberrant inhibitory ability, despite strong expectations to the contrary. However, previous examinations have utilised inhibition paradigms that suffer from critical shortcomings, such as a lack of ecological validity and overly simplistic response criteria. To assess inhibition under conditions close to the demands of everyday settings, the current study employs a parametric Go/No-go task in male offenders (n77). Additionally, rather than treating psychopathy as a categorical descriptor, a dimensional approach is taken to assess the relationship between individual psychopathic traits and response inhibition performance. Results indicate significant relationships between response inhibition and individual facets of psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version. A positive relationship was found between inhibitory ability and interpersonal aspects of psychopathy, reflecting an enhancement of inhibitory functioning for those scoring high on this facet. In addition, a negative association was found between psychopathic lifestyle characteristics and response inhibition. Whereas the negative association mirrors the conceptualisation of the lifestyle facet, the positive association between interpersonal psychopathic aspects and response inhibition might reflect a propensity for adaptive behaviour that enables psychopaths to adequately manipulate their victims and mask their true nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weidacker
- School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | | | - Frederic Boy
- School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Stephen J Johnston
- School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Stange JP, Bessette KL, Jenkins LM, Peters AT, Feldhaus C, Crane NA, Ajilore O, Jacobs RH, Watkins ER, Langenecker SA. Attenuated intrinsic connectivity within cognitive control network among individuals with remitted depression: Temporal stability and association with negative cognitive styles. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2939-2954. [PMID: 28345197 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience cognitive dysfunction including impaired cognitive control and negative cognitive styles. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging studies of individuals with current MDD have documented altered resting-state connectivity within the default-mode network and across networks. However, no studies to date have evaluated the extent to which impaired connectivity within the cognitive control network (CCN) may be present in remitted MDD (rMDD), nor have studies examined the temporal stability of such attenuation over time. This represents a major gap in understanding stable, trait-like depression risk phenotypes. In this study, resting-state functional connectivity data were collected from 52 unmedicated young adults with rMDD and 47 demographically matched healthy controls, using three bilateral seeds in the CCN (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex). Mean connectivity within the entire CCN was attenuated among individuals with rMDD, was stable and reliable over time, and was most pronounced with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right inferior parietal lobule, results that were corroborated by supplemental independent component analysis. Attenuated connectivity in rMDD appeared to be specific to the CCN as opposed to representing attenuated within-network coherence in other networks (e.g., default-mode, salience). In addition, attenuated connectivity within the CCN mediated relationships between rMDD status and cognitive risk factors for depression, including ruminative brooding, pessimistic attributional style, and negative automatic thoughts. Given that these cognitive markers are known predictors of relapse, these results suggest that attenuated connectivity within the CCN could represent a biomarker for trait phenotypes of depression risk. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2939-2954, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy T Peters
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Dawson EL, Caveney AF, Meyers KK, Weisenbach SL, Giordani B, Avery ET, Schallmo MP, Bahadori A, Bieliauskas LA, Mordhorst M, Marcus SM, Kerber K, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Executive Functioning at Baseline Prospectively Predicts Depression Treatment Response. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2017; 19. [PMID: 28196313 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.16m01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Existing cognitive and clinical predictors of treatment response to date are not of sufficient strength to meaningfully impact treatment decision making and are not readily employed in clinical settings. This study investigated whether clinical and cognitive markers used in a tertiary care clinic could predict response to usual treatment over a period of 4 to 6 months in a sample of 75 depressed adults. Methods Patients (N = 384) were sequentially tested in 2 half-day clinics as part of a quality improvement project at an outpatient tertiary care center between August 2003 and September 2007; additional subjects evaluated in the clinic between 2007 and 2009 were also included. Diagnosis was according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and completed by residents and attending faculty. Test scores obtained at intake visits on a computerized neuropsychological screening battery were the Parametric Go/No-Go task and Facial Emotion Perception Task. Treatment outcome was assessed using 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) self-ratings at follow-up (n = 75). Usual treatment included psychotropic medication and psychotherapy. Decline in PHQ-9 scores was predicted on the basis of baseline PHQ-9 score and education, with neuropsychological variables entered in the second step. Results PHQ-9 scores declined by 46% at follow-up (56% responders). Using 2-step multiple regression, baseline PHQ-9 score (P ≤ .05) and education (P ≤ .01) were significant step 1 predictors of percent change in PHQ-9 follow-up scores. In step 2 of the model, faster processing speed with interference resolution (go reaction time) independently explained a significant amount of variance over and above variables in step 1 (12% of variance, P < .01), while other cognitive and affective skills did not. This 2-step model accounted for 28% of the variance in treatment change in PHQ-9 scores. Processing speed with interference resolution also accounted for 12% variance in treatment and follow-up attrition. Conclusions Use of executive functioning assessments in clinics may help identify individuals with cognitive weaknesses at risk for not responding to standard treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angela F Caveney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kortni K Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Erich T Avery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael-Paul Schallmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Armita Bahadori
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Linas A Bieliauskas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Mordhorst
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sheila M Marcus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin Kerber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor Ave, Chicago, 60612. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Crane NA, Jenkins LM, Bhaumik R, Dion C, Gowins JR, Mickey BJ, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Multidimensional prediction of treatment response to antidepressants with cognitive control and functional MRI. Brain 2017; 140:472-486. [PMID: 28122876 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting treatment response for major depressive disorder can provide a tremendous benefit for our overstretched health care system by reducing number of treatments and time to remission, thereby decreasing morbidity. The present study used neural and performance predictors during a cognitive control task to predict treatment response (% change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale pre- to post-treatment). Forty-nine individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder were enrolled with intent to treat in the open-label study; 36 completed treatment, had useable data, and were included in most data analyses. Participants included in the data analysis sample received treatment with escitalopram (n = 22) or duloxetine (n = 14) for 10 weeks. Functional MRI and performance during a Parametric Go/No-go test were used to predict per cent reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores after treatment. Haemodynamic response function-based contrasts and task-related independent components analysis (subset of sample: n = 29) were predictors. Independent components analysis component beta weights and haemodynamic response function modelling activation during Commission errors in the rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate, mid-cingulate, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and lateral orbital frontal cortex predicted treatment response. In addition, more commission errors on the task predicted better treatment response. Together in a regression model, independent component analysis, haemodynamic response function-modelled, and performance measures predicted treatment response with 90% accuracy (compared to 74% accuracy with clinical features alone), with 84% accuracy in 5-fold, leave-one-out cross-validation. Convergence between performance markers and functional magnetic resonance imaging, including novel independent component analysis techniques, achieved high accuracy in prediction of treatment response for major depressive disorder. The strong link to a task paradigm provided by use of independent component analysis is a potential breakthrough that can inform ways in which prediction models can be integrated for use in clinical and experimental medicine studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natania A Crane
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lisanne M Jenkins
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Runa Bhaumik
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Catherine Dion
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer R Gowins
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brian J Mickey
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and the Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA .,The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Peters AT, Van Meter A, Pruitt PJ, Briceño EM, Ryan KA, Hagan M, Weldon AL, Kassel MT, Vederman A, Zubieta JK, McInnis M, Weisenbach SL, Langenecker SA. Acute cortisol reactivity attenuates engagement of fronto-parietal and striatal regions during emotion processing in negative mood disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:67-78. [PMID: 27474908 PMCID: PMC5048542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and bipolar disorder (negative mood disorders, NMD) are associated with dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function and disrupted emotion processing. The neural networks involved in attenuation of HPA-axis reactivity overlap with the circuitry involved in perception and modulation of emotion; however, direct links between these systems are understudied. This study investigated whether cortisol activity prior to undergoing fMRI was related to neural processing of emotional information in participants with NMD. METHODS Forty-one adults (Mage=40.33, SD=15.57) with major depression (n=29) or bipolar disorder (n=12) and 23 healthy control comparisons (Mage=36.43, SD=17.33) provided salivary cortisol samples prior to completing a facial emotion perception test during 3-Tesla fMRI. RESULTS Overall, pre-scan cortisol level was positively associated with greater engagement of the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC), inferior parietal lobule, insula, putamen, precuneus, middle and medial frontal and postcentral gyri, posterior cingulate, and inferior temporal gyrus during emotion processing of all faces. NMD status moderated this effect; in NMD participants' pre-scan cortisol was associated with attenuated activation of the insula, postcentral gyrus, precuneus, and putamen for fearful faces and the medial frontal gyrus for angry faces relative to HCs. Cortisol-related attenuation of activation among NMD participants was also observed for facial identification in the dACC, putamen, middle temporal gyrus, precuneus, and caudate. CONCLUSIONS Across all participants, cortisol was associated with greater activation in several regions involved in the perception and control of emotion. However, cortisol responsivity was associated with hypoactivation of several of these regions in the NMD group, suggesting that HPA-axis activity may selectively interfere with the potentially adaptive recruitment of circuits supporting emotion perception, processing and/or regulation in mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy T. Peters
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Van Meter
- Ferkauf Graduate School, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J. Pruitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily M. Briceño
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly A. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melissa Hagan
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne L. Weldon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michelle T. Kassel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron Vederman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Crane NA, Jenkins LM, Dion C, Meyers KK, Weldon AL, Gabriel LB, Walker SJ, Hsu DT, Noll DC, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Comorbid anxiety increases cognitive control activation in Major Depressive Disorder. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:967-977. [PMID: 27454009 PMCID: PMC5050098 DOI: 10.1002/da.22541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders often co-occur, with poorer treatment response and long-term outcomes. However, little is known about the shared and distinct neural mechanisms of comorbid MDD and anxiety (MDD+Anx). This study examined how MDD and MDD+Anx differentially impact cognitive control. METHODS Eighteen MDD, 29 MDD+Anx, and 54 healthy controls (HC) completed the Parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) during fMRI, including Target, Commission, and Rejection trials. RESULTS MDD+Anx had more activation in the anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and caudate during Rejections, and inferior parietal lobule during correct Targets than MDD and HC. During Rejections HC had greater activation in a number of cognitive control regions compared to MDD; in the posterior cingulate compared to MDD+Anx; and in the fusiform gyrus compared to all MDD. During Commissions HC had greater activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus than all MDD. MDD had more activation in the mid-cingulate, inferior parietal lobule, and superior temporal gyrus than MDD+Anx during Commissions. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar performance, MDD and MDD+Anx showed distinct differences in neural mechanisms of cognitive control in relation to each other, as well as some shared differences in relation to HC. The results were consistent with our hypothesis of hypervigilance in MDD+Anx within the cognitive control network, but inconsistent with our hypothesis that there would be greater engagement of salience and emotion network regions. Comorbidity of depression and anxiety may cause increased heterogeneity in study samples, requiring further specificity in detection and measurement of intermediate phenotypes and treatment Targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne L. Weldon
- University of Illinois at Chicago,University of Michigan
| | | | - Sara J. Walker
- University of Michigan,Oregon Health and Science University
| | - David T. Hsu
- University of Michigan,State University of New York, Stony Brook
| | | | - Heide Klumpp
- University of Illinois at Chicago,University of Michigan
| | - K. Luan Phan
- University of Illinois at Chicago,University of Michigan,Jesse Brown VA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Schallmo MP, Kassel MT, Weisenbach SL, Walker SJ, Guidotti-Breting LM, Rao JA, Hazlett KE, Considine CM, Sethi G, Vats N, Pecina M, Welsh RC, Starkman MN, Giordani B, Langenecker SA. A new semantic list learning task to probe functioning of the Papez circuit. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 37:816-33. [PMID: 26313512 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1052732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION List learning tasks are powerful clinical tools for studying memory, yet have been relatively underutilized within the functional imaging literature. This limits understanding of regions such as the Papez circuit that support memory performance in healthy, nondemented adults. METHOD The current study characterized list learning performance in 40 adults who completed a semantic list learning task (SLLT) with a Brown-Peterson manipulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cued recall with semantic cues and recognition memory were assessed after imaging. Internal reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated. RESULTS Subjects averaged 38% accuracy in recall (62% for recognition), with primacy but no recency effects observed. Validity and reliability were demonstrated by showing that the SLLT was correlated with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), but not with executive functioning tests, and by high intraclass correlation coefficient across lists for recall (.91). fMRI measurements during encoding (vs. silent rehearsal) revealed significant activation in bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampus, and bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Post hoc analyses showed increased activation in anterior and middle hippocampus, subgenual cingulate, and mammillary bodies specific to encoding. In addition, increasing age was positively associated with increased activation in a diffuse network, particularly frontal cortex and specific Papez regions for correctly recalled words. Gender differences were specific to left inferior and superior frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS This is a clinically relevant list learning task that can be used in studies of groups for which the Papez circuit is damaged or disrupted, in mixed or crossover studies at imaging and clinical sites.
Collapse
|
62
|
Rao JA, Kassel MT, Weldon AL, Avery ET, Briceno EM, Mann M, Cornett B, Kales HC, Zubieta JK, Welsh RC, Langenecker SA, Weisenbach SL. The double burden of age and major depressive disorder on the cognitive control network. Psychol Aging 2016; 30:475-85. [PMID: 26030776 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor cognitive control (CC) is common among older individuals with major depressive disorder (OMDD). At the same time, studies of CC in OMDD with fMRI are relatively limited and often have small samples. The present study was conducted to further examine poor CC in OMDD with early onset depression, as well as to investigate the interactive effects of MDD and aging on cognitive control. Twenty OMDD, 17 older never-depressed comparisons (ONDC), 16 younger adults with MDD (YMDD), and 18 younger never-depressed comparisons (YNDC) participated. All participants completed the Go level of the Parametric Go/No-Go Test, which requires sustained attention and inhibitory control while undergoing functional MRI (fMRI). YNDC were faster in reaction times (RTs) to go targets relative to the other 3 groups, and the YMDD group was faster than the OMDD group. fMRI effects of both age and diagnosis were present, with greater activation in MDD, and in aging. Additionally, the interaction of age and MDD was also significant, such that OMDD exhibited greater recruitment of fronto-subcortical regions relative to older comparisons. These results are consistent with prior research reporting that OMDD recruit more fronto-striatal regions in order to perform at the same level as their never-depressed peers, here on a task of sustained attention and inhibitory control. There may be an interaction of cognitive aging and depression to create a double burden on the CC network in OMDD, including possible fronto-striatal compensation during CC that is unique to OMDD, as younger MDD individuals do not show this pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Anne L Weldon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Erich T Avery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Emily M Briceno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Megan Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Bridget Cornett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Helen C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Weidacker K, Whiteford S, Boy F, Johnston SJ. Response inhibition in the parametric go/no-go task and its relation to impulsivity and subclinical psychopathy. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2016; 70:473-487. [PMID: 26821562 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1135350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study utilizes the parametric go/no-go task (PGNG), a task that examines changes in inhibitory performance as executive function load increases, to examine the link between psychopathic traits, impulsivity, and response inhibition in a cohort of healthy participants. The results show that as executive function load increased, inhibitory ability decreased. High scores on the Cognitive Complexity subscale of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) predict poor inhibitory ability in the PGNG. Similarly, high scores on the Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) Blame Externalization subscale predict response inhibition deficits in the PGNG, which loads more on the executive functions than the standard go/no-go task. The remaining BIS-11 as well as PPI-R subscales did not interact with inhibitory performance in the PGNG highlighting the specificity of associations between aspects of personality and impulsivity with inhibitory performance as cognitive load is increased. These data point towards the sensitivity of the PGNG in studying response inhibition in the context of highly impulsive populations and its utility as a measure of impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weidacker
- a School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of Swansea , Swansea , UK
| | - Seb Whiteford
- a School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of Swansea , Swansea , UK
| | - Frederic Boy
- a School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of Swansea , Swansea , UK
| | - Stephen J Johnston
- a School of Human and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology , University of Swansea , Swansea , UK
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Fonseka BA, Jaworska N, Courtright A, MacMaster FP, MacQueen GM. Cortical thickness and emotion processing in young adults with mild to moderate depression: a preliminary study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:38. [PMID: 26911621 PMCID: PMC4765096 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted illness involving cognitive, emotional, and structural brain changes; illness onset typically occurs in adolescence or young adulthood. Cortical thickness modulations may underlie, or accompany, functional brain activity changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during emotional processing that tend to be observed in MDD. METHODS Thirteen unmedicated young adults with mild to moderate MDD, aged 18-24, completed a facial expression Go/No Go task and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to assess cortical thickness. Cortical thickness and performance on the Go/No Go task was also assessed in age-matched healthy comparison subjects (HCs; N = 14). RESULTS Participants with depression had thicker left pars opercularis cortices than HCs. They also exhibited impaired response inhibition to neutral faces when responding only to sad faces, and a faster response time overall. CONCLUSIONS Though our sample size is limited, this pilot study nevertheless provides evidence for cortical thickening in left frontal brain regions in a non-severely depressed, young adult group compared to healthy controls. There was also evidence of disturbances in emotion processing in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernice A Fonseka
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Allegra Courtright
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Strategic Clinical Network for Addictions and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Glenda M MacQueen
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Marshall DF, Passarotti AM, Ryan KA, Kamali M, Saunders EFH, Pester B, McInnis MG, Langenecker SA. Deficient inhibitory control as an outcome of childhood trauma. Psychiatry Res 2016; 235:7-12. [PMID: 26707783 PMCID: PMC6639093 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Childhood trauma has been linked to the development and severity of psychiatric disorders as well as deficits in cognitive functioning. This study aimed to investigate the performance of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy controls (HC), with or without a history of childhood trauma, on a parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) task measuring important aspects of executive functions, namely attention and inhibitory control. Two hundred and thirty-three individuals with BD and 90 HC completed diagnostic interview, childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), symptom severity scales, and a PGNG task. Four comparison groups were created using a 1.0 standard deviation cut-off of the mean of the HC total CTQ score: BD-trauma, BD-normative, HC-trauma and HC-normative. We assessed interactions between diagnosis and trauma on Go/No-Go levels of interest by using a two-way multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed a significant main effect of trauma on inhibitory control accuracy, as the trauma group exhibited significantly poorer accuracy on inhibition trials compared to the normative group. There was also a main effect of diagnosis on response time. These findings suggest that early trauma might adversely impact the development of cognitive systems and brain circuits that support inhibitory aspects of executive functioning in individuals with a history of trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. Tel.: + 1 734 763 9259, Fax: + 1 734 936 9262,
| | | | - Kelly A. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masoud Kamali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erika F. H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Bethany Pester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melvin G. McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Jenkins LM, Kassel MT, Gabriel LB, Gowins JR, Hymen EA, Vergés A, Calamia M, Crane NA, Jacobs RH, Ajilore O, Welsh RC, Drevets WC, Phillips ML, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Amygdala and dorsomedial hyperactivity to emotional faces in youth with remitted Major Depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:736-45. [PMID: 26714574 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We present neuroimaging markers of the remitted state of major depressive disorder (rMDD) during facial emotion perception in 84 individuals during fMRI. Participants comprised 47 individuals (aged 18-23) diagnosed with rMDD and 37 healthy controls (HCs). Participants classified emotional faces or animals (control condition) in the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT) during fMRI. Behavioural performance on the FEPT did not differ significantly between groups. During fMRI, both groups demonstrated significant blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity in bilateral inferior frontal gyri for the faces minus animals (F-A) contrast. The rMDD group additionally showed BOLD activity during F-A in numerous regions, including the bilateral paracingulate gyri, middle temporal gyri and right amygdala. The rMDD group exhibited significantly greater activity than the HC group in regions including the bilateral middle temporal gyri and left superior frontal gyrus. Although the rMDD group did not manifest the behavioural performance deficits on facial emotion recognition tasks that have been observed in actively depressed individuals, the rMDD group nevertheless showed increased BOLD activity compared with never-depressed controls during F-A in multiple posterior brain regions, suggesting that persistent effects of illness or possible trait vulnerabilities may distinguish individuals with rMDD from never-depressed controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michelle T Kassel
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Laura B Gabriel
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer R Gowins
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Erica A Hymen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alvaro Vergés
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew Calamia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Natania A Crane
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rachel H Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, and
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Ladegaard N, Videbech P, Lysaker PH, Larsen ER. The course of social cognitive and metacognitive ability in depression: Deficit are only partially normalized after full remission of first episode major depression. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 55:269-86. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Ladegaard
- Department of Affective Disorders; Q, Mood Disorders Research Unit; Risskov Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Psychiatric Research; Aarhus University Hospital; Risskov Denmark
| | - Paul H. Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Center; Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Erik R. Larsen
- Department of Affective Disorders; Q, Mood Disorders Research Unit; Risskov Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Air T, Weightman MJ, Baune BT. Symptom severity of depressive symptoms impacts on social cognition performance in current but not remitted major depressive disorder. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1118. [PMID: 26300814 PMCID: PMC4523699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the social cognitive functioning of participants with depression when compared with healthy controls, and to assess the impact of symptom severity. One hundred and eight patients with depression (66 remitted and 42 current) and 52 healthy controls were assessed using the Wechsler Advanced Clinical Solutions: Social Perception Subtest, measuring facial affect recognition in isolation and in combination with prosody and body language interpretation. When healthy controls, remitted depression and currently depressed groups were compared, no associations were found on any of the social cognition subscales. Severity of depressive and anxious symptoms predicted performance on all social cognition subscales in currently depressed participants, controlling for age, gender, education and psychotropic medication. Affective depressive symptoms were inversely related to ACS Pairs and Prosody subscales, while somatic symptoms were inversely related to the ACS Affect Recognition and Total scores. There was no association between severity and the WAIS ACS in remitted depression participants. People with MDD exhibiting more severe depressive and anxious symptoms and a cluster of affective symptoms have greater difficulty undertaking complex social cognitive tasks. Given the state like nature to these deficits, these impairments may cause problems with day to day functioning and have implications in targeted therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Air
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael J Weightman
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Realmuto S, Zummo L, Cerami C, Agrò L, Dodich A, Canessa N, Zizzo A, Fierro B, Daniele O. Social cognition dysfunctions in patients with epilepsy: Evidence from patients with temporal lobe and idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 47:98-103. [PMID: 25982884 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Despite an extensive literature on cognitive impairments in focal and generalized epilepsy, only a few number of studies specifically explored social cognition disorders in epilepsy syndromes. The aim of our study was to investigate social cognition abilities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients (21 patients with TLE and 18 patients with IGE) and 21 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All subjects underwent a basic neuropsychological battery plus two experimental tasks evaluating emotion recognition from facial expression (Ekman-60-Faces test, Ek-60F) and mental state attribution (Story-based Empathy Task, SET). In particular, the latter is a newly developed task that assesses the ability to infer others' intentions (i.e., intention attribution - IA) and emotions (i.e., emotion attribution - EA) compared with a control condition of physical causality (i.e., causal inferences - CI). RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with TLE showed significantly lower performances on both social cognition tasks. In particular, all SET subconditions as well as the recognition of negative emotions were significantly impaired in patients with TLE vs. HCs. On the contrary, patients with IGE showed impairments on anger recognition only without any deficit at the SET task. DISCUSSION Emotion recognition deficits occur in patients with epilepsy, possibly because of a global disruption of a pathway involving frontal, temporal, and limbic regions. Impairments of mental state attribution specifically characterize the neuropsychological profile of patients with TLE in the context of the in-depth temporal dysfunction typical of such patients. CONCLUSION Impairments of socioemotional processing have to be considered as part of the neuropsychological assessment in both TLE and IGE in view of a correct management and for future therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Realmuto
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience Department (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Leila Zummo
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience Department (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerami
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience Division, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Clinical Neuroscience Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Agrò
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience Department (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience Division, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- Neuroscience Division, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zizzo
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience Department (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Brigida Fierro
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience Department (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ornella Daniele
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience Department (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Russo M, Mahon K, Burdick KE. Measuring cognitive function in MDD: emerging assessment tools. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:262-9. [PMID: 25421437 PMCID: PMC4407945 DOI: 10.1002/da.22297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is emerging as an important therapeutic target in patients with psychiatric illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this general overview is to briefly review the evidence for cognitive impairment in MDD and to summarize a representative sample of cognitive assessment tools currently available to assess cognitive function in depressed patients. Study results in MDD patients with cognitive dysfunction are somewhat inconsistent, likely due to the heterogeneity of the disorder as well as the use of diverse assessment tools. Measuring cognitive changes in this population is challenging. Cognitive symptoms are typically less severe than in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, requiring greater sensitivity than afforded by existing tools. Preliminary evidence suggests antidepressant treatments may improve cognitive functioning as a direct result of ameliorating depressive symptoms; however, any procognitive effects have not been elucidated. To evaluate antidepressant efficacy in MDD patients with cognitive dysfunction, a standardized cognitive battery for use in clinical trials is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine E Burdick
- *Correspondence to: Katherine E. Burdick, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, PO Box 1230, New York, NY 10029. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Ryan KA, Dawson EL, Kassel MT, Weldon AL, Marshall DF, Meyers KK, Gabriel LB, Vederman AC, Weisenbach SL, McInnis MG, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Shared dimensions of performance and activation dysfunction in cognitive control in females with mood disorders. Brain 2015; 138:1424-34. [PMID: 25818869 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder share symptoms that may reflect core mood disorder features. This has led to the pursuit of intermediate phenotypes and a dimensional approach to understand neurobiological disruptions in mood disorders. Executive dysfunction, including cognitive control, may represent a promising intermediate phenotype across major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. This study examined dimensions of cognitive control in women with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder in comparison to healthy control subjects using two separate, consecutive experiments. For Experiment 1, participants completed a behavioural cognitive control task (healthy controls = 150, major depressive disorder = 260, bipolar disorder = 202; age range 17-84 years). A sample of those participants (healthy controls = 17, major depressive disorder = 19, and bipolar disorder = 16) completed a similar cognitive control task in an event-related design functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol for Experiment 2. Results for Experiment 1 showed greater impairments on the cognitive control task in patients with mood disorders relative to healthy controls (P < 0.001), with more of those in the mood disorder group falling into the 'impaired' range when using clinical cut-offs (<5th percentile). Experiment 2 revealed only a few areas of shared activation differences in mood disorder greater than healthy controls. Activation analyses using performance as a regressor, irrespective of diagnosis, revealed within and extra-network areas that were more active in poor performers. In summary, performance and activation during cognitive control tasks may represent an intermediate phenotype for mood disorders. However, cognitive control dysfunction is not uniform across women with mood disorders, and activation is linked to performance more so than disease. These findings support subtype and dimensional approaches to understanding risk and expression of mood disorders and are a promising area of inquiry, in line with the Research Domain Criteria initiative of NIMH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Ryan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica L Dawson
- ‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle T Kassel
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne L Weldon
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David F Marshall
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kortni K Meyers
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura B Gabriel
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sara L Weisenbach
- † Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USAδ Present address: Now in private practice in Portland, OR, USA† Present address: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- ‡ Present address: Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Briceño EM, Rapport LJ, Kassel MT, Bieliauskas LA, Zubieta JK, Weisenbach SL, Langenecker SA. Age and gender modulate the neural circuitry supporting facial emotion processing in adults with major depressive disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:304-13. [PMID: 25085721 PMCID: PMC4241383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotion processing, supported by frontolimbic circuitry known to be sensitive to the effects of aging, is a relatively understudied cognitive-emotional domain in geriatric depression. Some evidence suggests that the neurophysiological disruption observed in emotion processing among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) may be modulated by both gender and age. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of gender and age on the neural circuitry supporting emotion processing in MDD. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparison of fMRI signal during performance of an emotion processing task. SETTING Outpatient university setting. PARTICIPANTS One hundred adults recruited by MDD status, gender, and age. MEASUREMENTS Participants underwent fMRI while completing the Facial Emotion Perception Test. They viewed photographs of faces and categorized the emotion perceived. Contrast for fMRI was of face perception minus animal identification blocks. RESULTS Effects of depression were observed in precuneus and effects of age in a number of frontolimbic regions. Three-way interactions were present between MDD status, gender, and age in regions pertinent to emotion processing, including frontal, limbic, and basal ganglia. Young women with MDD and older men with MDD exhibited hyperactivation in these regions compared with their respective same-gender healthy comparison (HC) counterparts. In contrast, older women and younger men with MDD exhibited hypoactivation compared to their respective same-gender HC counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This the first study to report gender- and age-specific differences in emotion processing circuitry in MDD. Gender-differential mechanisms may underlie cognitive-emotional disruption in older adults with MDD. The present findings have implications for improved probes into the heterogeneity of the MDD syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Briceño
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,Wayne State University Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI
| | - Lisa J. Rapport
- Wayne State University Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI
| | - Michelle T. Kassel
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sara L. Weisenbach
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL,Jesse Brown VA Healthcare System, Chicago, IL
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Nelson BD, Shankman SA. Visuospatial and mathematical dysfunction in major depressive disorder and/or panic disorder: A study of parietal functioning. Cogn Emot 2015; 30:417-29. [PMID: 25707308 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1009003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The parietal cortex is critical for several different cognitive functions, including visuospatial processing and mathematical abilities. There is strong evidence indicating parietal dysfunction in depression. However, it is less clear whether anxiety is associated with parietal dysfunction and whether comorbid depression and anxiety are associated with greater impairment. The present study compared participants with major depression (MDD), panic disorder (PD), comorbid MDD/PD and controls on neuropsychological measures of visuospatial processing, Judgement of Line Orientation (JLO), and mathematical abilities, Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) Arithmetic. Only comorbid MDD/PD was associated with decreased performance on JLO, whereas all psychopathological groups exhibited comparably decreased performance on WRAT Arithmetic. Furthermore, the results were not accounted for by other comorbid disorders, medication use or psychopathology severity. The present study suggests comorbid depression and anxious arousal are associated with impairment in visuospatial processing and provides novel evidence indicating mathematical deficits across depression and/or anxiety. Implications for understanding parietal dysfunction in internalising psychopathology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady D Nelson
- a Department of Psychology , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- b Department of Psychology , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Meyers KK, Crane NA, O'Day R, Zubieta JK, Giordani B, Pomerleau CS, Horowitz JC, Langenecker SA. Smoking history, and not depression, is related to deficits in detection of happy and sad faces. Addict Behav 2015; 41:210-7. [PMID: 25452067 PMCID: PMC4314430 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has demonstrated that chronic cigarette smoking and major depressive disorder (MDD) are each associated with cognitive decrements. Further, these conditions co-occur commonly, though mechanisms in the comorbid condition are poorly understood. There may be distinct, additive, or overlapping factors underlying comorbid cigarette smoking and MDD. The present study investigated the impact of smoking and MDD on executive function and emotion processing. METHODS Participants (N=198) were grouped by diagnostic category (MDD and healthy controls, HC) and smoking status (ever-smokers, ES and never-smokers, NS). Participants completed the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT), a measure of emotional processing, and the parametric Go/No-go task (PGNG), a measure of executive function. RESULTS FEPT performance was analyzed using ANCOVA with accuracy and reaction time as separate dependent variables. Repeated measures MANCOVA was conducted for PGNG with performance measure and task level as dependent variables. Analyses for each task included diagnostic and smoking group as independent variables, and gender was controlled for. Results for FEPT reveal that lower overall accuracy was found for ES relative to NS, though MDD did not differ from HC. Post-hoc analyses revealed that ES were poorer at identifying happy and sad, but not fearful or angry, faces. For PGNG, poorer performance was observed in MDD relative to HC in response time to Go targets, but there were no differences for ES and NS. Interaction of diagnosis and smoking group was not observed for performance on either task. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for distinctive cognitive decrements in smokers and individuals with depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N A Crane
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R O'Day
- Nicotine Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J K Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B Giordani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C S Pomerleau
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Nicotine Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C Horowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Nicotine Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Doose-Grünefeld S, Eickhoff SB, Müller VI. Audiovisual emotional processing and neurocognitive functioning in patients with depression. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25688188 PMCID: PMC4311605 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the processing of emotional stimuli (e.g., facial expressions, prosody, music) have repeatedly been reported in patients with major depression. Such impairments may result from the likewise prevalent executive deficits in these patients. However, studies investigating this relationship are rare. Moreover, most studies to date have only assessed impairments in unimodal emotional processing, whereas in real life, emotions are primarily conveyed through more than just one sensory channel. The current study therefore aimed at investigating multi-modal emotional processing in patients with depression and to assess the relationship between emotional and neurocognitive impairments. Fourty one patients suffering from major depression and 41 never-depressed healthy controls participated in an audiovisual (faces-sounds) emotional integration paradigm as well as a neurocognitive test battery. Our results showed that depressed patients were specifically impaired in the processing of positive auditory stimuli as they rated faces significantly more fearful when presented with happy than with neutral sounds. Such an effect was absent in controls. Findings in emotional processing in patients did not correlate with Beck's depression inventory score. Furthermore, neurocognitive findings revealed significant group differences for two of the tests. The effects found in audiovisual emotional processing, however, did not correlate with performance in the neurocognitive tests. In summary, our results underline the diversity of impairments going along with depression and indicate that deficits found for unimodal emotional processing cannot trivially be generalized to deficits in a multi-modal setting. The mechanisms of impairments therefore might be far more complex than previously thought. Our findings furthermore contradict the assumption that emotional processing deficits in major depression are associated with impaired attention or inhibitory functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Doose-Grünefeld
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Veronika I. Müller
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre JülichJülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Weldon AL, Hagan M, Van Meter A, Jacobs RH, Kassel MT, Hazlett KE, Haase BD, Vederman AC, Avery E, Briceno EM, Welsh RC, Zubieta JK, Weisenbach SL, Langenecker SA. Stress Response to the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Environment in Healthy Adults Relates to the Degree of Limbic Reactivity during Emotion Processing. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 71:85-96. [PMID: 25871424 PMCID: PMC6679601 DOI: 10.1159/000369027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging techniques are increasingly being used to examine the neural correlates of stress and emotion processing; however, relations between the primary stress hormone cortisol, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) environment, and individual differences in response to emotional challenges are not yet well studied. The present study investigated whether cortisol activity prior to, and during, an fMRI scan may be related to neural processing of emotional information. METHODS Twenty-six healthy individuals (10 female) completed a facial emotion perception test during 3-tesla fMRI. RESULTS Prescan cortisol was significantly correlated with enhanced amygdala, hippocampal, and subgenual cingulate reactivity for facial recognition. Cortisol change from pre- to postscanning predicted a greater activation in the precuneus for both fearful and angry faces. A negative relationship between overall face accuracy and activation in limbic regions was observed. CONCLUSION Individual differences in response to the fMRI environment might lead to a greater heterogeneity of brain activation in control samples, decreasing the power to detect differences between clinical and comparison groups. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Collapse
|
77
|
Clark CM, Chiu CG, Diaz RL, Goghari VM. Intact anger recognition in depression despite aberrant visual facial information usage. J Affect Disord 2014; 165:196-202. [PMID: 24882200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has indicated abnormalities in facial emotion recognition abilities, as well as deficits in basic visual processes in major depression. However, the literature is unclear on a number of important factors including whether or not these abnormalities represent deficient or enhanced emotion recognition abilities compared to control populations, and the degree to which basic visual deficits might impact this process. METHODS The present study investigated emotion recognition abilities for angry versus neutral facial expressions in a sample of undergraduate students with Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores indicative of moderate depression (i.e., ≥20), compared to matched low-BDI-II score (i.e., ≤2) controls via the Bubbles Facial Emotion Perception Task. RESULTS Results indicated unimpaired behavioural performance in discriminating angry from neutral expressions in the high depressive symptoms group relative to the minimal depressive symptoms group, despite evidence of an abnormal pattern of visual facial information usage. LIMITATIONS The generalizability of the current findings is limited by the highly structured nature of the facial emotion recognition task used, as well as the use of an analog sample undergraduates scoring high in self-rated symptoms of depression rather than a clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that basic visual processes are involved in emotion recognition abnormalities in depression, demonstrating consistency with the emotion recognition literature in other psychopathologies (e.g., schizophrenia, autism, social anxiety). Future research should seek to replicate these findings in clinical populations with major depression, and assess the association between aberrant face gaze behaviours and symptom severity and social functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Carina G Chiu
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Ruth L Diaz
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Langenecker SA, Jacobs RH, Passarotti AM. Current Neural and Behavioral Dimensional Constructs across Mood Disorders. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2014; 1:144-153. [PMID: 25147755 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-014-0018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the underlying neurobiology for mood disorders is still limited. We present an integrated model for conceptualizing and understanding mood disorders drawing upon a broad literature pertinent to mood disorders. The integrated model of emotion processing and regulation incorporates the linguistic constructs of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. In particular, we focus on the Positive Valence domain/circuit (PVC), highlighting recent reward research and the Negative Valence domain/circuit (NVC), highlighting rumination. Furthermore, we also illustrate the Cognitive Control and Problem Solving (CCaPS) circuit, which is heavily involved in emotion regulation, as well as the default mode network (DMN) and interactions between circuits. We conclude by proposing methods for addressing challenges in the developmental study of mood disorders including using high-risk design that incorporates risk for many disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Langenecker
- The University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Cognitive Neuroscience Center
| | - Rachel H Jacobs
- The University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Cognitive Neuroscience Center ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Institute for Juvenile Research
| | - Alessandra M Passarotti
- The University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Cognitive Neuroscience Center ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Institute for Juvenile Research
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Li YR, Loft S, Weinborn M, Maybery MT. Event-based prospective memory deficits in individuals with high depressive symptomatology: problems controlling attentional resources? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2014; 36:577-87. [PMID: 24848441 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2014.918090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression has been found to be related to neurocognitive deficits in areas important to successful prospective memory (PM) performance, including executive function, attention, and retrospective memory. However, research specific to depression and PM has produced a mixed pattern of results. The current study further examined the task conditions in which event-based PM deficits may emerge in individuals with high depressive symptomatology (HDS) relative to individuals with low depressive symptomatology (LDS) and the capacity of HDS individuals to allocate attentional resources to event-based PM tasks. Sixty-four participants (32 HDS, 32 LDS) were required to make a PM response when target words were presented during an ongoing lexical decision task. When the importance of the ongoing task was emphasized, response time costs to the ongoing task, and PM accuracy, did not differ between the HDS and LDS groups. This finding is consistent with previous research demonstrating that event-based PM task accuracy is not always impaired by depression, even when the PM task is resource demanding. When the importance of the PM task was emphasized, costs to the ongoing task further increased for both groups, indicating an increased allocation of attentional resources to the PM task. Crucially, while a corresponding improvement in PM accuracy was observed in the LDS group when the importance of the PM task was emphasized, this was not true for the HDS group. The lack of improved PM accuracy in the HDS group compared with the LDS group despite evidence of increased cognitive resources allocated to PM tasks may have been due to inefficiency in the application of the allocated attention, a dimension likely related to executive function difficulties in depression. Qualitatively different resource allocation patterns may underlie PM monitoring in HDS versus LDS individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Ryan Li
- a School of Psychology , University of Western Australia , Perth , WA , Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Pauls F, Petermann F, Lepach AC. Episodic memory and executive functioning in currently depressed patients compared to healthy controls. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:383-400. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.915208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Pauls
- Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen , Bremen, Germany
| | - Franz Petermann
- Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen , Bremen, Germany
| | - Anja Christina Lepach
- Center of Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen , Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Ladegaard N, Larsen ER, Videbech P, Lysaker PH. Higher-order social cognition in first-episode major depression. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216:37-43. [PMID: 24524945 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from major depression experience difficulties in multiple cognitive faculties. A growing body of research has linked affective disorders to abnormalities in social cognition and specifically the processing of discrete emotional stimuli. However, little inquiry has gone into possible impairment in higher-order social cognition including theory of mind, social perception and metacognition. Forty-four medication-naïve patients with first-episode unipolar major depressive disorder and an equal number of matched controls were assessed by the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A), The Frith-Happé animations (FHA) and The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). Additionally, neurocognition was assessed utilyzing the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Depressed patients showed impairment in all domains of higher-order social cognitive ability. Importantly, social cognitive variables retained their inter-group significance after controlling for possible covariates including neurocognition. Results indicate that first-episode depressed patients experience difficulties in all domains of higher-order social cognition including theory of mind, social perception and metacognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Ladegaard
- Mood Disorders Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark.
| | - Erik Roj Larsen
- Mood Disorders Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Emotional facial expression processing in depression: data from behavioral and event-related potential studies. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44:169-87. [PMID: 24930940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral literature investigating emotional processes in depressive populations (i.e., unipolar and bipolar depression) states that, compared to healthy controls, depressive subjects exhibit disrupted emotional processing, indexed by lower performance and/or delayed response latencies. The development of brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), provided the possibility to visualize the brain regions engaged in emotional processes and how they fail to interact in psychiatric diseases. However, fMRI suffers from poor temporal resolution and cognitive function involves various steps and cognitive stages (serially or in parallel) to give rise to a normal performance. Thus, the origin of a behavioral deficit may result from the alteration of a cognitive stage differently situated along the information-processing stream, outlining the importance of access to this dynamic "temporal" information. In this paper, we will illustrate, through depression, the role that should be attributed to cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs). Indeed, owing to their optimal temporal resolution, ERPs can monitor the neural processes engaged in disrupted cognitive function and provide crucial information for its treatment, training of the impaired cognitive functions and guidelines for clinicians in the choice and monitoring of appropriate medication for the patient.
Collapse
|
83
|
Orgeta V. Emotion Recognition Ability and Mild Depressive Symptoms in Late Adulthood. Exp Aging Res 2014; 40:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2014.857535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
84
|
Schönenberg M, Mares L, Smolka R, Jusyte A, Zipfel S, Hautzinger M. Facial affect perception and mentalizing abilities in female patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:949-56. [PMID: 24395204 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated a robust link between alexithymic traits and somatic complaints in patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders, while less is known about disease-related impairments in the processing of affective social information. Deficits in emotion recognition can lead to misinterpretations of social signals and induce distress in interpersonal interactions. This, in turn, might contribute to somatoform symptomatology in affected individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate basal facial affect recognition as well as higher-order cognitive mind-reading skills in order to further clarify the association between alexithymia and the processing of social affective information in a homogenous sample of patients suffering from somatoform pain. METHODS We employed a series of animated morph clips that gradually displayed the onset and development of the six basic emotional expressions to investigate facial affect perception in a female sample of patients diagnosed with persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) and matched healthy controls. In addition, all participants were presented with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition to explore mind-reading abilities. RESULTS Specifically impaired mentalizing skills and increased alexithymic traits were observed in PSPD, while emotional facial expression recognition appeared to be intact in these patients. CONCLUSIONS PSPD subjects tend to overattribute inappropriate affective states to others, which could be the consequence of the inability to adequately experience and express their own emotional reactions. This cognitive bias might lead to the experience of poor psychosocial functioning and has the potential to negatively impact the course and outcome of this psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schönenberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Shape-based modeling of the fundamental frequency contour for emotion detection in speech. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
86
|
Weightman MJ, Air TM, Baune BT. A review of the role of social cognition in major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:179. [PMID: 25566100 PMCID: PMC4263091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition - the ability to identify, perceive, and interpret socially relevant information - is an important skill that plays a significant role in successful interpersonal functioning. Social cognitive performance is recognized to be impaired in several psychiatric conditions, but the relationship with major depressive disorder is less well understood. The aim of this review is to characterize the current understanding of: (i) the different domains of social cognition and a possible relationship with major depressive disorder, (ii) the clinical presentation of social cognition in acute and remitted depressive states, and (iii) the effect of severity of depression on social cognitive performance. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify clinical studies investigating social cognition in a major depressive disorder population, yielding 31 studies for this review. RESULTS Patients with major depressive disorder appear to interpret social cognitive stimuli differently to healthy controls: depressed individuals may interpret emotion through a mood-congruent bias and have difficulty with cognitive theory of mind tasks requiring interpretation of complex mental states. Social cognitive performance appears to be inversely associated with severity of depression, whilst the bias toward negative emotions persists even in remission. Some deficits may normalize following effective pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The difficulties with social interaction observed in major depressive disorder may, at least in part, be due to an altered ability to correctly interpret emotional stimuli and mental states. These features seem to persist even in remission, although some may respond to intervention. Further research is required in this area to better understand the functional impact of these findings and the way in which targeted therapy could aid depressed individuals with social interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Weightman
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA , Australia
| | - Tracy Michele Air
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA , Australia
| | - Bernhard Theodor Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Schlosser N, Wolf OT, Fernando SC, Terfehr K, Otte C, Spitzer C, Beblo T, Driessen M, Löwe B, Wingenfeld K. Effects of acute cortisol administration on response inhibition in patients with major depression and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:439-46. [PMID: 23332680 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have repeatedly been shown to impair hippocampus-mediated, declarative memory retrieval and prefrontal cortex-based working memory in healthy subjects. However, recent experimental studies indicated that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) lack these impairing effects. These missing effects have been suggested to result from dysfunctional brain GC receptors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether response inhibition, an executive function relying on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex, would be impaired after cortisol administration in patients with MDD. In a placebo-controlled, double blind crossover study, 50 inpatients with MDD and 54 healthy control participants conducted an emotional go/no-go task consisting of human face stimuli (fearful, happy, and neutral) after receiving a dose of 10 mg hydrocortisone and after placebo. GC administration had an enhancing effect on inhibitory performance in healthy control participants, indicated by faster responses, while no GC effect was revealed for the patients group. Moreover, patients showed an overall worse performance than healthy participants. In conclusion, this study further supports the hypothesis of impaired central glucocorticoid receptor function in MDD patients. Regarding the importance of inhibitory functioning for daily living, further studies are needed to examine the impact of glucocorticoids on response inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schlosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Briceño EM, Weisenbach SL, Rapport LJ, Hazlett KE, Bieliauskas LA, Haase BD, Ransom MT, Brinkman ML, Pecina M, Schteingart DE, Starkman MN, Giordani B, Welsh RC, Noll DC, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Shifted inferior frontal laterality in women with major depressive disorder is related to emotion-processing deficits. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1433-1445. [PMID: 23298715 PMCID: PMC4380502 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial emotion perception (FEP) is a critical human skill for successful social interaction, and a substantial body of literature suggests that explicit FEP is disrupted in major depressive disorder (MDD). Prior research suggests that weakness in FEP may be an important phenomenon underlying patterns of emotion-processing challenges in MDD and the disproportionate frequency of MDD in women. Method Women with (n = 24) and without (n = 22) MDD, equivalent in age and education, completed a FEP task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The MDD group exhibited greater extents of frontal, parietal and subcortical activation compared with the control group during FEP. Activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) appeared shifted from a left >right pattern observed in healthy women to a bilateral pattern in MDD women. The ratio of left to right suprathreshold IFG voxels in healthy controls was nearly 3:1, whereas in the MDD group, there was a greater percentage of suprathreshold IFG voxels bilaterally, with no leftward bias. In MDD, relatively greater activation in right IFG compared with left IFG (ratio score) was present and predicted FEP accuracy (r = 0.56, p < 0.004), with an inverse relationship observed between FEP and subgenual cingulate activation (r = - 0.46, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study links, for the first time, disrupted IFG activation laterality and increased subgenual cingulate activation with deficient FEP in women with MDD, providing an avenue for imaging-to-assessment translational applications in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Briceño
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, 7 floor, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sara L. Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa J. Rapport
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, 7 floor, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Linas A. Bieliauskas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brennan D. Haase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Michael T. Ransom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Michael L. Brinkman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Marta Pecina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - David E. Schteingart
- Department of Internal Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Monica N. Starkman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Robert C. Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Douglas C. Noll
- Department of Radiology, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Lisiecka DM, Carballedo A, Fagan AJ, Ferguson Y, Meaney J, Frodl T. Recruitment of the left hemispheric emotional attention neural network in risk for and protection from depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2013; 38:117-28. [PMID: 23010257 PMCID: PMC3581592 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of major depressive disorder (MDD) increases individuals' vulnerability to depression and alters the way depression manifests itself. Emotion processing and attention shifting are functions altered by MDD and family history of the disease; therefore, it is important to recognize the neural correlates of these functions in association with both factors. METHODS Our study determines neural correlates of emotion processing and attention shifting for healthy individuals and patients with MDD with and without family history of depression. We compared the performance and neural activity in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment examining emotion processing and attention shifting in all participants. RESULTS Our sample included 4 study groups: healthy controls without family history of depression (n = 25), patients with MDD without family history of the disease (n = 20), unaffected healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD (n = 21) and patients with MDD with family history of MDD (n = 30). Compared with healthy controls, unaffected first-degree relatives overactivate the somatosensory cortex and the attention controlling areas during both emotion processing and attention shifting. Patients with family history of MDD have stronger neural activation in subcortical areas during shifting attention from negative stimuli. Patients without family history of MDD have less activation in the paralimbic regions and more activation in core limbic areas, especially during emotion processing. LIMITATIONS The conclusions about the intergroup differences in activation can be drawn only about neural areas engaged in the task. CONCLUSION Unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with MDD overreact to external emotional cues and compensate for the vulnerability with increased involvement of executive control. Patients with a family history of MDD have less executive control over their attentional shifts in the face of negative stimuli. Patients without a family history of MDD process emotional stimuli in a more visceral way than controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Frodl
- Correspondence to: T. Frodl, Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Dublin, Trinity College, Lloyd Bldg. 3.59, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to physical, neuropsychological, and emotional deficits that interfere with the individual’s capacity to return to his or her former lifestyle. This review focuses on social cognition, that is, the capacity to attend to, recognize and interpret interpersonal cues that guide social behavior. Social cognition entails ‘‘hot’’ processes, that is, emotion perception and emotional empathy and ‘‘cold’’ processes, that is, the ability to infer the beliefs, feelings, and intentions of others (theory of mind: ToM) to see their point of view (cognitive empathy) and what they mean when communicating (pragmatic inference). This review critically examines research attesting to deficits in each of these domains and also examines evidence for theorized mechanisms including specific neural networks, the role of simulation, and non-social cognition. Current research is hampered by small, heterogeneous samples and the inherent complexity of TBI pathology. Nevertheless, there is evidence that facets of social cognition are impaired in this population. New assessment tools to measure social cognition following TBI are required that predict everyday social functioning. In addition, research into remediation needs to be guided by the growing empirical base for understanding social cognition that may yet reveal how deficits dissociate following TBI.
Collapse
|
91
|
Paradiso S, Ostedgaard K, Vaidya J, Ponto LB, Robinson R. Emotional blunting following left basal ganglia stroke: the role of depression and fronto-limbic functional alterations. Psychiatry Res 2013; 211:148-59. [PMID: 23176970 PMCID: PMC4019790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the basal ganglia (BG) alter perception and experience of emotions. Left hemisphere BG (LBG) stroke is also associated with depression. The interplay between depression and alterations in emotional processing following LBG stroke was examined. Evoked affective responses to emotion-laden pictorial stimuli were compared among LBG stroke and healthy participants and participants with stroke damage in brain regions not including the LBG selected to equate depression severity (measured using the Hamilton Depression Scale) with LBG damage participants. Brain activity {[O(15)]water positron emission tomography, PET} was measured in LBG stroke relative to healthy participants to identify changes in regions associated with emotion processing and depression. LBG stroke subjects reported less intense emotions compared with healthy, but not stroke comparison participants. Depression negatively correlated with emotional experience for positive and negative emotions. In response to positive stimuli, LBG subjects exhibited higher activity in amygdala, anterior cingulate, dorsal prefrontal cortex, and insula compared to healthy volunteers. In response to negative stimuli, LBG subjects demonstrated lower activity in right frontal-polar region and fusiform gyrus. Higher baseline activity in amygdala and ventral and mesial prefrontal cortex and lower activity in left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex were associated with higher depression scores. LBG stroke led to blunted emotions, and brain activity alterations accounting for reduced affective experience, awareness and depression. Depression and fronto-limbic activity changes may contribute to emotional blunting following LBG stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paradiso
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa-Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Evans VC, Chan SSL, Iverson GL, Bond DJ, Yatham LN, Lam RW. Systematic review of neurocognition and occupational functioning in major depressive disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/npy.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
93
|
Votruba KL, Langenecker SA. Factor structure, construct validity, and age- and education-based normative data for the Parametric Go/No-Go Test. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:132-46. [PMID: 23289626 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2012.758239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) test assesses cognitive domains including attention and executive functioning with three levels of increasing difficulty. Level 1 measures accuracy and response time to three targets. Level 2 adds a nonrepeating rule, measuring response time to two targets, accuracy for targets, and accuracy for appropriate inhibition. Level 3 has three targets with the same nonrepeating rule. The task shows good construct validity, and factor analyses show adequate ability to distinguish between processing speed, sustained attention, and inhibition. Normative data for the PGNG, stratified by age and education, as well as strategies for identifying atypical responding, are presented.
Collapse
|
94
|
Is impaired set-shifting a feature of "pure" anorexia nervosa? Investigating the role of depression in set-shifting ability in anorexia nervosa and unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:538-43. [PMID: 22748187 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Impaired set-shifting has been reported in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and in patients with affective disorders, including major depression. Due to the prevalent comorbidity of major depression in AN, this study aimed to examine the role of depression in set-shifting ability. Fifteen patients with AN without a current comorbid depression, 20 patients with unipolar depression (UD) and 35 healthy control participants were assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and a Parametric Go/No-Go Test (PGNG). Set-shifting ability was intact in patients with AN without a comorbid depression. However, patients with UD performed significantly poorer in all three tasks compared to AN patients and in the TMT compared to healthy control participants. In both patient groups, set-shifting ability was moderately negatively correlated with severity of depressive symptoms, but was unrelated to BMI and severity of eating disorder symptoms in AN patients. Our results suggest a pivotal role of comorbidity for neuropsychological functioning in AN. Impairments of set-shifting ability in AN patients may have been overrated and may partly be due to comorbid depressive disorders in investigated patients.
Collapse
|
95
|
Greater executive and visual memory dysfunction in comorbid bipolar disorder and substance use disorder. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:252-7. [PMID: 22769049 PMCID: PMC3650480 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Measures of cognitive dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder (BD) have identified state and trait dependent metrics. An influence of substance abuse (SUD) on BD has been suggested. This study investigates potential differential, additive, or interactive cognitive dysfunction in bipolar patients with or without a history of SUD. Two hundred fifty-six individuals with BD, 98 without SUD and 158 with SUD, and 97 Healthy Controls (HC) completed diagnostic interviews, neuropsychological testing, and symptom severity scales. The BD groups exhibited poorer performance than the HC group on most cognitive factors. The BD with SUD exhibited significantly poorer performance than BD without SUD in visual memory and conceptual reasoning/set-shifting. In addition, a significant interaction effect between substance use and depressive symptoms was found for auditory memory and emotion processing. BD patients with a history of SUD demonstrated worse visual memory and conceptual reasoning skills above and beyond the dysfunction observed in these domains among individuals with BD without SUD, suggesting greater impact on integrative, gestalt-driven processing domains. Future research might address longitudinal outcome as a function of BD, SUD, and combined BD/SUD to evaluate neural systems involved in risk for, and effects of, these illnesses.
Collapse
|
96
|
Strand M, Oram MW, Hammar Å. Emotional Information Processing in Major Depression Remission and Partial Remission: Faces Come First. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2012; 20:110-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09084282.2012.670159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Strand
- a Department of Biological and Medical Psychology , University of Bergen, and Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Mike W. Oram
- b School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews , Scotland , United Kingdom
| | - Åsa Hammar
- a Department of Biological and Medical Psychology , University of Bergen, and Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Abstract
Research in emotional regulation has revealed that difficulties in the use and processing of affective information constitute a key factor in most mental disorders. To evaluate perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) deficits in patients with diverse psychopathological disorders and their relationship with clinical symptoms. Differences in PEI have been identified between a clinical group (n = 163) and a group of non-clinical individuals (n = 163). In the clinical group, the patients met DSM diagnostic criteria for one of the following: anxiety disorder, mood disorder, substance abuse disorder, psychotic disorder or borderline personality disorder. The PEI and clinical symptoms were assessed using the Spanish version of the TMMS-24 and the SCL-90-R, respectively. Patients from clinical group show higher levels of attention to feelings, but lower scores in abilities to manage effectively their negative emotional states compared to participants from non-clinical control group. Similarly, significant differences in PEI levels between different diagnostic groups were found. Our study provides preliminary evidence that deficits in PEI are related to the presence and severity of clinical symptoms in patients with different mental disorders.
Collapse
|
98
|
Weisenbach SL, Rapport LJ, Briceno EM, Haase BD, Vederman AC, Bieliauskas LA, Welsh RC, Starkman MN, McInnis MG, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Reduced emotion processing efficiency in healthy males relative to females. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23196633 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined sex differences in categorization of facial emotions and activation of brain regions supportive of those classifications. In Experiment 1, performance on the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT) was examined among 75 healthy females and 63 healthy males. Females were more accurate in the categorization of fearful expressions relative to males. In Experiment 2, 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for a separate sample of 21 healthy females and 17 healthy males while performing the FEPT. Activation to neutral facial expressions was subtracted from activation to sad, angry, fearful and happy facial expressions. Although females and males demonstrated activation in some overlapping regions for all emotions, many regions were exclusive to females or males. For anger, sad and happy, males displayed a larger extent of activation than did females, and greater height of activation was detected in diffuse cortical and subcortical regions. For fear, males displayed greater activation than females only in right postcentral gyri. With one exception in females, performance was not associated with activation. Results suggest that females and males process emotions using different neural pathways, and these differences cannot be explained by performance variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 2101 Commonwealth Boulevard, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Bertocci MA, Bebko GM, Mullin BC, Langenecker SA, Ladouceur CD, Almeida JRC, Phillips ML. Abnormal anterior cingulate cortical activity during emotional n-back task performance distinguishes bipolar from unipolar depressed females. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1417-1428. [PMID: 22099606 PMCID: PMC3601380 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171100242x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in the context of bipolar disorder (BDd) is often misdiagnosed as unipolar disorder depression (UDd) leading to poor clinical outcomes for many bipolar sufferers. We examined neural circuitry supporting emotion regulation in females with either BDd or UDd as a first stage toward identifying biomarkers that may differentiate BDd from UDd. METHOD Fifty-seven females aged 18-45 years participated in this study: 23 with UDd, 18 with bipolar disorder type I depression (BDId) and 16 healthy females. During 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the participants performed an emotional face n-back (EFNBACK) task, that is an n-back task with high (2-back) and low (0-back) memory load conditions flanked by two positive, negative or neutral face distracters. This paradigm examines executive control with emotional distracters-emotion regulation. RESULTS High memory load with neutral face distracters elicited greater bilateral and left dorsal anterior midcingulate cortex (dAMCC) activity in UDd than in healthy and BDId females respectively, and greater bilateral putamen activity in both depressed groups versus healthy females. High memory load with happy face distracters elicited greater left putamen activity in UDd than in healthy females. Psychotropic medication was associated with greater putamen activity to these contrasts in UDd females. CONCLUSIONS During high memory load with neutral face distracters, elevated dAMCC activity in UDd suggests abnormal recruitment of attentional control circuitry to maintain task performance, whereas elevated putamen activity unrelated to psychotropic medication in BDId females may suggest an attentional bias toward ambiguous neutral face distracters. Differential patterns of functional abnormalities in neural circuitry supporting attentional control during emotion regulation, especially in the dAMCC, is a promising neuroimaging measure to distinguish UDd from BDId in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in executive cognitive function, including inhibitory control. However, inconsistencies have been found across studies. Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and these inconsistencies may therefore relate to heterogeneity in relatively small samples. METHOD Here we sought to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) during a cognitive Go/No-Go task in melancholic (n = 60) and non-melancholic depressed patients (n = 54) relative to controls (n = 114). RESULTS Behavioural responses indicate that inhibitory control processes are differentially affected by subtypes of depression such that melancholic patients exhibit a greater number of commission errors and more variable response rates in comparison to non-melancholic patients and controls respectively. However, ERPs do not differ during a cognitive Go/No-Go task when ERPs associated with correct responses are examined. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that while patients with melancholia differ from patients without melancholia and controls, no neurophysiological differences are observed when controlling for observable behavioural impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice R Quinn
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|