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Ben-Hail D, Begas-Shvartz R, Shalev M, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Gruzman A, Reina S, De Pinto V, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Novel Compounds Targeting the Mitochondrial Protein VDAC1 Inhibit Apoptosis and Protect against Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24986-25003. [PMID: 27738100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is thought to play a critical role in several pathological processes, such as neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and various cardiovascular diseases. Despite the fact that apoptotic mechanisms are well defined, there is still no substantial therapeutic strategy to stop or even slow this process. Thus, there is an unmet need for therapeutic agents that are able to block or slow apoptosis in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The outer mitochondrial membrane protein voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a convergence point for a variety of cell survival and death signals, including apoptosis. Recently, we demonstrated that VDAC1 oligomerization is involved in mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis. Thus, VDAC1 oligomerization represents a prime target for agents designed to modulate apoptosis. Here, high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry were employed to develop compounds that directly interact with VDAC1 and prevent VDAC1 oligomerization, concomitant with an inhibition of apoptosis as induced by various means and in various cell lines. The compounds protected against apoptosis-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, restoring dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, and thus cell energy and metabolism, decreasing reactive oxidative species production, and preventing detachment of hexokinase bound to mitochondria and disruption of intracellular Ca2+ levels. Thus, this study describes novel drug candidates with a defined mechanism of action that involves inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The compounds VBIT-3 and VBIT-4 offer a therapeutic strategy for treating different diseases associated with enhanced apoptosis and point to VDAC1 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya Ben-Hail
- From the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Racheli Begas-Shvartz
- From the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Moran Shalev
- From the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- From the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- the Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel, and
| | - Simona Reina
- the Departments of Biomedicine and Biotechnology and.,Chemical Sciences, National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- the Departments of Biomedicine and Biotechnology and
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- From the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel,
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Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the main interface between the cytosol and mitochondria of cells. It plays a crucial role in both mitochondrial metabolism and cell death. The main basic function of this channel is to mediate and gate the flux of small ions, metabolites, and adenosine triphosphate. Changes in its structure, and thus conformation, are expected to affect its activity and modulate the ability of cancer cells to expand. In this review, we describe a novel mechanism by which mitochondria of cells in hypoxia, a low level of oxygen, protects from apoptosis. In hypoxia, some mitochondria become enlarged due to hyperfusion. These mitochondria possess a truncated form of VDAC1 (VDAC1-ΔC), which is linked to the higher metabolic capacity and the greater resistance to cell death of hypoxic cells. However, not all of the VDAC1 protein is truncated, but the amount of the full-length form is diminished compared to the amount in normoxic cells. First, we describe how such a decrease effects cell proliferation, respiration, glycolysis, and other processes. Second, we report on a novel mitochondrial-endolysosomal crosstalk that leads to VDAC1 truncation. By pharmacological targeting of VDAC1-ΔC, the production of energy could be turned off and the sensitivity to cell death restored. This could counteract the favorable microenvironment that gives cancer cells a growth advantage and thereby disrupts the balance between life and death, which is controlled by VDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Mazure
- CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice, Nice, France; CNRS GDR 3697 Micronit (www.micronit.fr)
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Jan CI, Tsai MH, Chiu CF, Huang YP, Liu CJ, Chang NW. Fenofibrate Suppresses Oral Tumorigenesis via Reprogramming Metabolic Processes: Potential Drug Repurposing for Oral Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:786-98. [PMID: 27313493 PMCID: PMC4910598 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One anticancer strategy suggests targeting mitochondrial metabolism to trigger cell death through slowing down energy production from the Warburg effect. Fenofibrate is a clinical lipid-lowering agent and an effective anticancer drug. In the present study, we demonstrate that fenofibrate provided novel mechanisms for delaying oral tumor development via the reprogramming of metabolic processes. Fenofibrate induced cytotoxicity by decreasing oxygen consumption rate (OCR) that was accompanied with increasing extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and reducing ATP content. Moreover, fenofibrate caused changes in the protein expressions of hexokinase II (HK II), pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which are associated with the Warburg effect. In addition, fenofibrate reprogrammed the metabolic pathway by interrupting the binding of HK II to VDAC. In an oral cancer mouse model, fenofibrate exhibited both preventive and therapeutic efficacy on oral tumorigenesis. Fenofibrate administration suppressed the incidence rate of tongue lesions, reduced the tumor sizes, decreased the tumor multiplicity, and decreased the immunoreactivities of VDAC and mTOR. The molecular mechanisms involved in fenofibrate's ability to delay tumor development included the down-regulation of mTOR activity via TSC1/2-dependent signaling through activation of AMPK and inactivation of Akt, or via a TSC1/2-independent pathway through direct suppression of raptor. Our findings provide a molecular rationale whereby fenofibrate exerts anticancer and additional beneficial effects for the treatment of oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ing Jan
- 1. Department of Pathology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; 2. Department of Pathology, China Medical University and Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan.TOC
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- 3. Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Fang Chiu
- 4. Department of Hematology Oncology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- 5. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia Jen Liu
- 6. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nai Wen Chang
- 6. Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Novoderezhkina EA, Zhivotovsky BD, Gogvadze VG. Induction of unspecific permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane and its role in cell death. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang L, Qu T, Li L, Zhang G. Characterization of Oyster Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2 (VDAC2) Suggests Its Involvement in Apoptosis and Host Defense. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146049. [PMID: 26727366 PMCID: PMC4700975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic studies have revealed a sophisticated and powerful apoptosis regulation network in oyster, highlighting its adaptation to sessile life in a highly stressful intertidal environment. However, the functional molecular basis of apoptosis remains largely unexplored in oysters. In this study, we focused on a representative apoptotic gene encoding voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2), a porin that abounds at the mitochondrial outer membrane. This is the first report on the identification and characterization of a VDAC gene in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (CgVDAC2). The full length of CgVDAC2 was 1,738 bp with an open reading frame of 843 bp that encoded a protein of 281 amino acids. A four-element eukaryotic porin signature motif, a conserved ATP binding motif, and a VKAKV-like sequence were identified in the predicted CgVDAC2. Expression pattern analysis in different tissues and developmental stages as well as upon infection by ostreid herpesvirus 1 revealed the energy supply-related and immunity-related expression of CgVDAC2. CgVDAC2 was co-localized with mitochondria when it was transiently transfected into HeLa cells. Overexpression of CgVDAC2 in HEK293T cells suppressed the UV irradiation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the pro-apoptotic function of CgBak. RNA interference induced reduction in CgVDAC2 expression showed a promoted apoptosis level upon UV light irradiation in hemocytes. The yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated a direct interaction between CgVDAC2 and the pro-apoptotic protein CgBak. This study revealed the function of VDAC2 in oyster and provided new insights into its involvement in apoptosis modulation and host defense in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Qu
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (GZ)
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (GZ)
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Chen XY, Wen CM, Wu JL, Su YC, Hong JR. Giant seaperch iridovirus (GSIV) induces mitochondria-mediated cell death that is suppressed by bongkrekic acid and cycloheximide in a fish cell line. Virus Res 2015; 213:37-45. [PMID: 26548846 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Giant seaperch iridovirus (GSIV) induces cell death by an unknown mechanism. We postulated that this mechanism involves mitochondria-mediated cell death. Cell viability assays revealed a steady increase in dead grouper fin cells (GF-1) after GSIV infection, from 11% at 2 days post-infection (dpi) to 67% at 5 dpi. Annexin V/PI staining revealed GSIV infection induced apoptosis in a steadily increasing fraction of cells, from 4% at 1 dpi to 29% at 5 dpi. Furthermore, post-apoptotic necrosis was apparent at 4 and 5 dpi in the late replication stage. In the early replication stage, JC-1 dye revealed mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss in 42% of infected cells at 1 dpi, increasing to 98% at 3 dpi. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and loss of ΔΨm from apoptosis/necrosis was attenuated by treatment with the adenine nucleotide translocase inhibitor bongkrekic acid (BKA) and the protein synthesis inhibitor cyclohexamide (CHX). These data suggest GSIV induces GF-1 apoptotic/necrotic cell death through pathways that require newly synthesized protein and involve the mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ming Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Ruey Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Zhao M, Li H, Bu X, Lei C, Fang Q, Hu Z. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cellular Resistance to the Nanoparticle Abraxane. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10099-10112. [PMID: 26324059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abraxane, an FDA-approved albumin-bound nanoparticle (NP) form of paclitaxel (PTX) to treat breast cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has been demonstrated to be more effective than the original Taxol, the single molecule form. We have established a cell line from NSCLC A549 cells to be resistant to Abraxane. To further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the NP drug resistance, global protein expression profiles of Abraxane sensitive (A549) and resistant cells (A549/Abr), along with the treatment of Abraxane, have been obtained by a quantitative proteomic approach. The most significantly differentially expressed proteins are associated with lipid metabolism, cell cycle, cytoskeleton, apoptosis pathways and processes, suggesting several mechanisms are working synergistically in A549 Abraxane-resistant cells. Overexpression of proteins in the lipid metabolism processes, such as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF139 (RNF139) and Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS1), have not been reported previously in the study of paclitaxel resistance, suggesting possibly different mechanism between nanoparticle and single molecular drug resistance. In particular, RNF139 is one of the most up-regulated proteins in A549 Abraxane-resistant cell line, but remains no change when the resistant cells were further treated with Abraxane and down-regulated in the sensitive cells after 4 h treatment of Abraxane. This study shows the use of a proteomic strategy to understand the unique response of drug resistant cells to a nanoparticle therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangli Bu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunni Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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DIDS (4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate) directly inhibits caspase activity in HeLa cell lysates. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15037. [PMID: 27551467 PMCID: PMC4979491 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell demise in multicellular organisms and Cl(-) transport has an important role in the progression of the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). DIDS (4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate) is one of the most commonly used Cl(-) transport inhibitors that eliminates or reduces different apoptotic hallmarks such as AVD, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. DIDS is also a protein crosslinker that alkylates either amino or thiol groups. Since caspases are thiol proteases, our aim was to study whether DIDS could directly inhibit the activity of these proteases. Here, we show that caspase activity induced by 4 h incubation with staurosporine was inhibited by DIDS in HeLa cells that were maintained in the absence of serum for 24 h. Interestingly, the caspase-inhibitory effect of DIDS is downstream to the inhibition of cytochrome c release, suggesting that DIDS might be also acting at the apoptosome. Moreover, DIDS was able to inhibit capase-3, -9, and -8 activities in cell lysates, implying that DIDS can react with and directly block caspases. Our data suggest that antiapoptotic activity of DIDS involves not only inhibition of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) at the mitochondria and Cl(-) channels at the plasma membrane, but also a third mechanism based on the direct inhibition of caspases.
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Xiao M, Tang Y, Chen WW, Wang YL, Yang L, Li X, Song GL, Kuang J. Tubb3 regulation by the Erk and Akt signaling pathways: a mechanism involved in the effect of arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (Art1) on apoptosis of colon carcinoma CT26 cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2353-63. [PMID: 26373733 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the most important classical mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (Art1), on survival and apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells and the potential mechanisms have been partly discussed in our previous study but still need to be further studied. In this present study, Art1 of colon carcinoma CT26 cells was silenced with lentiviral vector-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or overexpressed with lentiviral vector-mediated complementary DNA (cDNA) and allograft transplant tumors are established in Balb/c mice. We verified Art1 knockdown increases apoptosis of CT26 cells transplant tumor; Art1 overexpression acts oppositely. Accordingly, growth of transplant tumors is inhibited in Art1 knockdown transplant tumors and increases in Art1 overexpression transplant tumors. Furthermore, activity of Akt and Erk cell signal pathways and expression of an apoptosis biomarker, βIII-tubulin (Tubb3), decrease when Art1 was silenced and increase when Art1 was overexpressed. Inhibiting Akt pathway or Erk pathway both downregulates expression of Tubb3 on protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) level, indicating that Tubb3 could be regulated by both Akt and Erk pathways, and plays a role in the influence of Art1 on apoptosis of Balb/c mice allograft transplant tumor. We also demonstrated that Bcl-2 family is not the responsible downstream factor of the Erk pathway in colon carcinoma cells which is undergoing apoptosis. These findings enrich the molecular mechanism for the function of Art1 in colon carcinoma and provide a complementary support for Art1 to be a potential therapeutic target of the treatment of this kind of malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guang-Lin Song
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Kuang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Huang L, Han J, Ben-Hail D, He L, Li B, Chen Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu L, Zhu Y, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Liu H, Chen Q. A New Fungal Diterpene Induces VDAC1-dependent Apoptosis in Bax/Bak-deficient Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23563-78. [PMID: 26253170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.648774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak proteins are considered central to apoptosis, yet apoptosis occurs in their absence. Here, we asked whether the mitochondrial protein VDAC1 mediates apoptosis independently of Bax/Bak. Upon screening a fungal secondary metabolite library for compounds inducing apoptosis in Bax/Bak-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we identified cyathin-R, a new cyathane diterpenoid compound able to activate apoptosis in the absence of Bax/Bak via promotion of the VDAC1 oligomerization that mediates cytochrome c release. Diphenylamine-2-carboxilic acid, an inhibitor of VDAC1 conductance and oligomerization, inhibited cyathin-R-induced VDAC1 oligomerization and apoptosis. Similarly, Bcl-2 overexpression conferred resistance to cyathin-R-induced apoptosis and VDAC1 oligomerization. Silencing of VDAC1 expression prevented cyathin-R-induced apoptosis. Finally, cyathin-R effectively attenuated tumor growth and induced apoptosis in Bax/Bak-deficient cells implanted into a xenograft mouse model. Hence, this study identified a new compound promoting VDAC1-dependent apoptosis as a potential therapeutic option for cancerous cells lacking or presenting inactivated Bax/Bak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Han
- the State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Danya Ben-Hail
- the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and
| | - Luwei He
- the State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baowei Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziheng Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 30071, China
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- the Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and
| | - Hongwei Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
| | - Quan Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,
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Chen XY, Wen CM, Hui CF, Chen MC, Wu JL, Hsueh TC, Lei WH, Hong JR. Giant seaperch iridovirus infection upregulates Bas and Bak expression, leading to apoptotic death of fish cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:848-857. [PMID: 26067170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The giant seaperch iridovirus (GSIV) induces host cell apoptosis by a poorly-understood process. In this study, GSIV is shown to upregulate the pro-apoptotic death genes Bax and Bak at the middle replication stage, and factors in the grouper fin cell line (GF-1) are shown to modulate this process. Studying the mechanism of cell death, we found that upregulated, de novo-synthesized Bax and Bak proteins formed heterodimers. This up-regulation process correlated with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, increased caspase-3 activity, and increased apoptotic cell death. All effects were diminished by treatment of infected GF-1 cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Interestingly, overexpression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL also diminished GSIV-induced mitochondria-mediated cell death, increasing host cell viability and decreasing MMP loss at the early replication stage. Our data suggest that GSIV induces GF-1 apoptotic cell death through up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bak, which are regulated by Bcl-xL overexpression on mitochondria in GF-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ming Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Fat Hui
- Laboratory of Marine Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyuan Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsueh
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lei
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Ruey Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Slimen IB, Najar T, Ghram A, Dabbebi H, Ben Mrad M, Abdrabbah M. Reactive oxygen species, heat stress and oxidative-induced mitochondrial damage. A review. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 30:513-23. [PMID: 25354680 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.971446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been enormous interest in researching oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived from the metabolism of oxygen as by-products of cell respiration, and are continuously produced in all aerobic organisms. Oxidative stress occurs as a consequence of an imbalance between ROS production and the available antioxidant defence against them. Nowadays, a variety of diseases and degenerative processes such as cancer, Alzheimer's and autoimmune diseases are mediated by oxidative stress. Heat stress was suggested to be an environmental factor responsible for stimulating ROS production because of similarities in responses observed following heat stress compared with that occurring following exposure to oxidative stress. This manuscript describes the main mitochondrial sources of ROS and the antioxidant defences involved to prevent oxidative damage in all the mitochondrial compartments. It also deals with discussions concerning the cytotoxic effect of heat stress, mitochondrial heat-induced alterations, as well as heat shock protein (HSP) expression as a defence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Belhadj Slimen
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Application, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies , Tunisia
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Salidroside attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension via adenosine A2a receptor related mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:153-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Giorgi C, Missiroli S, Patergnani S, Duszynski J, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondria-associated membranes: composition, molecular mechanisms, and physiopathological implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:995-1019. [PMID: 25557408 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In all cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are physically connected to form junctions termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). This subcellular compartment is under intense investigation because it represents a "hot spot" for the intracellular signaling of important pathways, including the synthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids, calcium homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activity. RECENT ADVANCES The advanced methods currently used to study this fascinating intracellular microdomain in detail have enabled the identification of the molecular composition of MAMs and their involvement within different physiopathological contexts. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review the knowledge regarding (i) MAMs composition in terms of protein composition, (ii) the relationship between MAMs and ROS, (iii) the involvement of MAMs in cell death programs with particular emphasis within the tumor context, (iv) the emerging role of MAMs during inflammation, and (v) the key role of MAMs alterations in selected neurological disorders. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Whether alterations in MAMs represent a response to the disease pathogenesis or directly contribute to the disease has not yet been unequivocally established. In any case, the signaling at the MAMs represents a promising pharmacological target for several important human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- 1 Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
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Mato E, Barceló-Batllori S, Orera I, Selva L, Corra M, González C, Bell O, Lerma E, Moral A, Pérez JI, de Leiva A. The proteomic 2D-DIGE approach reveals the protein voltage-dependent anion channel 2 as a potential therapeutic target in epithelial thyroid tumours. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 404:37-45. [PMID: 25617717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of VDAC2 in human epithelial thyroid tumours using proteomic 2D-DIGE analysis and qRT-PCR. We found a significant up-regulation of VDAC2 in thyroid tumours and in thyroid tumour cell lines (TPC-1 and CAL-62). We did not detect overexpression of VDAC2 in a normal thyroid cell line (Nthy-ori 3-1). Silico analysis revealed that two proteins, BAK1 and BAX, had a strong relationship with VDAC2. BAK1 gene expression showed down-regulation in thyroid tumours (follicular and papillary tumours) and in TPC-1 and CAL-62 cell lines. Transient knockdown of VDAC2 in TPC-1 and CAL-62 promoted upregulation of the BAK1 gene and protein expression, and increased susceptibility to sorafenib treatment. Overexpression of the BAK1 gene in CAL-62 showed lower sorafenib sensitivity than VDAC2 knockdown cells. We propose the VDAC2 gene as a novel therapeutic target in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mato
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain; EDUAB-HSP Neoplasia Thyroid Study Group, IIB, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sílvia Barceló-Batllori
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Orera
- Centro Investigaciones Biomédicas Aragón (CIBA), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IACS-IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laia Selva
- EDUAB-HSP Neoplasia Thyroid Study Group, IIB, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martina Corra
- EDUAB-HSP Neoplasia Thyroid Study Group, IIB, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cintia González
- EDUAB-HSP Neoplasia Thyroid Study Group, IIB, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bell
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain; EDUAB-HSP Neoplasia Thyroid Study Group, IIB, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Moral
- General Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alberto de Leiva
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB), Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain; EDUAB-HSP Neoplasia Thyroid Study Group, IIB, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu YZ, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Li J, Tian Q, Zhang JG, Deng HW. Attenuated monocyte apoptosis, a new mechanism for osteoporosis suggested by a transcriptome-wide expression study of monocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116792. [PMID: 25659073 PMCID: PMC4319757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is caused by excessive bone resorption (by osteoclasts) over bone formation (by osteoblasts). Monocytes are important to osteoporosis by serving as progenitors of osteoclasts and produce cytokines for osteoclastogenesis. AIM To identify osteoporosis-related genes, we performed microarray analyses of monocytes using Affymetrix 1.0 ST arrays in 42 (including 16 pre- and 26 postmenopausal) high hip BMD (bone mineral density) vs. 31 (including 15 pre- and 16 postmenopausal) low hip BMD Caucasian female subjects. Here, high vs. low BMD is defined as belonging to top vs. bottom 30% of BMD values in population. METHOD Differential gene expression analysis in high vs. low BMD subjects was conducted in the total cohort as well as pre- and post-menopausal subjects. Focusing on the top differentially expressed genes identified in the total, the pre- and the postmenopausal subjects (with a p <5E-03), we performed replication of the findings in 3 independent datasets of microarray analyses of monocytes (total N = 125). RESULTS We identified (in the 73 subjects) and successfully replicated in all the 3 independent datasets 2 genes, DAXX and PLK3. Interestingly, both genes are apoptosis induction genes and both down-regulated in the low BMD subjects. Moreover, using the top 200 genes identified in the meta-analysis across all of the 4 microarray datasets, GO term enrichment analysis identified a number of terms related to induction of apoptosis, for which the majority of component genes are also down-regulated in the low BMD subjects. Overall, our result may suggest that there might be a decreased apoptosis activity of monocytes in the low BMD subjects. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time suggested a decreased apoptosis rate (hence an increased survival) of monocytes, an important osteoclastogenic cell, as a novel mechanism for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Ben-Hail D, Admoni L, Krelin Y, Tripathi SS. The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 in tumor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2547-75. [PMID: 25448878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
VDAC1 is found at the crossroads of metabolic and survival pathways. VDAC1 controls metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell by allowing the influx and efflux of metabolites, ions, nucleotides, Ca2+ and more. The location of VDAC1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane also enables its interaction with proteins that mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with cellular activities. As a transporter of metabolites, VDAC1 contributes to the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. Indeed, this protein is over-expressed in many cancer types, and silencing of VDAC1 expression induces an inhibition of tumor development. At the same time, along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is involved in the process of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by mediating the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. The engagement of VDAC1 in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the inter-membranal space involves VDAC1 oligomerization that mediates the release of cytochrome c and AIF to the cytosol, subsequently leading to apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis can also be regulated by VDAC1, serving as an anchor point for mitochondria-interacting proteins, such as hexokinase (HK), Bcl2 and Bcl-xL, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers. By binding to VDAC1, HK provides both a metabolic benefit and apoptosis-suppressive capacity that offer the cell a proliferative advantage and increase its resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, these and other functions point to VDAC1 as an excellent target for impairing the re-programed metabolism of cancer cells and their ability to evade apoptosis. Here, we review current evidence pointing to the function of VDAC1 in cell life and death, and highlight these functions in relation to both cancer development and therapy. In addressing the recently solved 3D structures of VDAC1, this review will point to structure-function relationships of VDAC as critical for deciphering how this channel can perform such a variety of roles, all of which are important for cell life and death. Finally, this review will also provide insight into VDAC function in Ca2+ homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, regulation of apoptosis and involvement in several diseases, as well as its role in the action of different drugs. We will discuss the use of VDAC1-based strategies to attack the altered metabolism and apoptosis of cancer cells. These strategies include specific siRNA able to impair energy and metabolic homeostasis, leading to arrested cancer cell growth and tumor development, as well VDAC1-based peptides that interact with anti-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis, thereby overcoming the resistance of cancer cell to chemotherapy. Finally, small molecules targeting VDAC1 can induce apoptosis. VDAC1 can thus be considered as standing at the crossroads between mitochondrial metabolite transport and apoptosis and hence represents an emerging cancer drug target. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Danya Ben-Hail
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lee Admoni
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi
- Department of Life Sciences, and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Electro-acupuncture at Neiguan pretreatment alters genome-wide gene expressions and protects rat myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion. Molecules 2014; 19:16158-78. [PMID: 25302705 PMCID: PMC6271995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated genome-wide gene expressions and the cardioprotective effects of electro-acupuncture pretreatment at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (SO), I/R, electro-acupuncture at the PC6 Neiguan acupoint pretreatment (EA) and electro-acupuncture at non-acupoint pretreatment (NA). Compared with the I/R group, the survival rate of the EA group was significantly increased, the arrhythmia score, infarction area, serum concentrations of CK, LDH and CK-Mb and plasma level of cTnT were significantly decreased. RNA-seq results showed that 725 genes were up-regulated and 861 genes were down-regulated under I/R conditions compared to the SO group; both EA and NA reversed some of these gene expression levels (592 in EA and 238 in NA group). KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in multiple pathways, including ECM, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, cytokine and leukocyte pathways. In addition, some pathways were uniquely regulated by EA, but not NA pretreatment, such as oxidative stress, cardiac muscle contraction, gap junction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, hypertrophic, NOD-like receptor, and P53 and B-cell receptor pathways. This study was first to reveal the gene expression signatures of acute myocardial I/R injury and electro-acupuncture pretreatment in rats.
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Asmarinah A, Paradowska-Dogan A, Kodariah R, Tanuhardja B, Waliszewski P, Mochtar CA, Weidner W, Hinsch E, HINSCH ELVIRA. Expression of the Bcl-2 family genes and complexes involved in the mitochondrial transport in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1489-96. [PMID: 25177836 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of molecular pathways triggering apoptosis gives raise to various pathological tissue processes, such as tumorigenesis. The mitochondrial pathway is regulated by both the genes of the Bcl-2 family and the genes encoding mitochondrial transport molecules. Those proteins allow a release of cyctochrome c through the outer mitochondrial membrane. This release activates the caspase cascade resulting in death of cells. There are at least two main transport systems associated with the family of Bcl-2 proteins that are involved in transport of molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane, i.e., the voltage dependent anion channels (VDACs) and translocases of the outer mitochondrial membrane proteins (TOMs). We investigated the expression of genes of the Bcl-2 family, i.e., pro-apoptotic Bak and Bid, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2; VDAC gene, i.e., VDAC1, VDAC2 and VDAC3; and TOMM genes, i.e., TOMM20, TOMM22 and TOMM40. This study was performed at the mRNA and the protein level. Fourteen paraffin embedded prostate cancer tissues and five normal prostate tissues were analyzed by the quantitative PCR array and immunohistochemistry. We found a significant increase in both mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene and VDAC1 gene in prostate cancer tissue in comparison with their normal counterparts. Translation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and VDAC1 genes in prostate cancer tissue was slightly increased. We observed no significant differences in the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic Bak and Bid genes, VDAC2 or VDAC3 genes or the three TOMM genes in these tissues. The pro-apoptotic Bax protein was downtranslated significantly in secretory cells of prostate cancer as compared to normal prostate. We suggest that this protein is a good candidate as biomarker for prostate cancer.
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Agarwal B, Stowe DF, Dash RK, Bosnjak ZJ, Camara AKS. Mitochondrial targets for volatile anesthetics against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Physiol 2014; 5:341. [PMID: 25278902 PMCID: PMC4165278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical modulators of cell function and are increasingly recognized as proximal sensors and effectors that ultimately determine the balance between cell survival and cell death. Volatile anesthetics (VA) are long known for their cardioprotective effects, as demonstrated by improved mitochondrial and cellular functions, and by reduced necrotic and apoptotic cell death during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. The molecular mechanisms by which VA impart cardioprotection are still poorly understood. Because of the emerging role of mitochondria as therapeutic targets in diseases, including ischemic heart disease, it is important to know if VA-induced cytoprotective mechanisms are mediated at the mitochondrial level. In recent years, considerable evidence points to direct effects of VA on mitochondrial channel/transporter protein functions and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes as potential targets in mediating cardioprotection. This review furnishes an integrated overview of targets that VA impart on mitochondrial channels/transporters and ETC proteins that could provide a basis for cation regulation and homeostasis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission in redox signaling for cardiac cell protection during IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Agarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David F. Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Zablocki VA Medical CenterMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette UniversityMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ranjan K. Dash
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette UniversityMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zeljko J. Bosnjak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amadou K. S. Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
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Pan X, Chen Z, Yang X, Liu G. Arabidopsis voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (AtVDAC1) is required for female development and maintenance of mitochondrial functions related to energy-transaction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106941. [PMID: 25192453 PMCID: PMC4156401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane, play important roles in the metabolite exchange, energy metabolism and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis process in mammalian cells. However, relatively little is known about the functions of VDACs in plants. To further investigate the function of AtVDAC1 in Arabidopsis, we analyzed a T-DNA insertion line for the AtVDAC1 gene. The knock-out mutant atvdac1 showed reduced seed set due to a large number of undeveloped ovules in siliques. Genetic analyses indicated that the mutation of AtVDAC1 affected female fertility and belonged to a sporophytic mutation. Abnormal ovules in the process of female gametogenesis were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Interestingly, both mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ) and ATP synthesis rate were obviously reduced in the mitochondria isolated from atvdac1 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Allaman-Pillet N, Oberson A, Schorderet DF. BIRO1, a Cell-Permeable BH3 Peptide, Promotes Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Death of Retinoblastoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:86-97. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Regulators of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in cerebral ischemia. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:395-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Thinnes FP. Opening up of plasmalemma type-1 VDAC to form apoptotic "find me signal" pathways is essential in early apoptosis - evidence from the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis resulting from failure of apoptotic cell clearance followed by sterile inflammation. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:439-44. [PMID: 24613483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell membrane-standing type-1 VDAC is involved in cell volume regulation and thus apoptosis. The channel has been shown to figure as a pathway for osmolytes of varying classes, ATP included. An early event in apoptotic cell death is the release of "find me signals" by cells that enter the apoptotic process. ATP is one of those signals. Apoptotic cells this way attract phagocytes for an immunologically silent cell clearance. Thus, whenever apoptosis fails by a blockade of plasmalemma type-1 VDAC processes of sterile inflammation must be assumed for cell elimination. This is evident from a close look on the pathogenetic process of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, in normal airway epithelia two different anion channels cooperate to guarantee an appropriate volume of airway surface liquid (ASL) necessary for surface clearing: the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) and the outwardly rectifying chloride channel (ORCC) complex also called "alternate chloride channel" and under the control of the CFTR. There are arguments, that type-1 VDAC forms the channel part of the ORCC complex, and it has been shown that CFTR and type-1 VDAC co-localize in the apical membranes of human surface respiratory epithelium. In cystic fibrosis, the central cAMP-dependent regulation of ion and water transport via functional CFTR is lost. Here, CFTR molecules do not reach the apical membranes of airway epithelia anymore or work in an insufficient way, respectively. In addition, type-1 VDAC is no longer available to work as a "find me signal" pathway. In consequence, clearing away of apoptotic cells is blocked. There are experimental data on the channel characteristics of type-1 VDAC under the anion channel blocker DIDS (4,4-diisothiocyanato-stilbenedisulphonic acid) that argue in favor of this hypothesis. Together, type-1 VDAC should be kept as a "find me signal" pathway, which may give way to several classes of such signals.
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Tomasello MF, Guarino F, Reina S, Messina A, De Pinto V. The voltage-dependent anion selective channel 1 (VDAC1) topography in the mitochondrial outer membrane as detected in intact cell. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81522. [PMID: 24324700 PMCID: PMC3855671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-Dependent Anion selective Channel maintains the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane and is relevant in bioenergetic metabolism and apoptosis. The structure of the protein was shown to be a β-barrel formed by 19 strands. The topology or sideness of the pore has been predicted with various approaches but a general consensus was never reached. This is an important issue since VDAC is considered receptor of Hexokinase and Bcl-2. We fused at VDAC1 C-terminus two tags separated by a caspase cleavage site. Activation in cellulo of caspases was used to eventually separate the two reporters. This experiment did not require the isolation of mitochondria and limited the possibility of outer membrane rupture due to similar procedures. Our results show that the C-terminus end of VDAC faces the mitochondrial inter-membrane space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna F. Tomasello
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Catania, and National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Guarino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Catania, and National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Reina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Catania, and National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Catania, and National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Catania, and National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ogden A, Rida PCG, Reid MD, Aneja R. Interphase microtubules: chief casualties in the war on cancer? Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:824-9. [PMID: 24201225 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) profoundly affect interphase cells, such as by disrupting axonal transport, transcription, translation, mitochondrial permeability, immune cell function, directional migration and centrosome clustering. This finding is antithetical to the conventionally held notion that MTAs act on mitosis to trigger arrest-mediated apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the paucity of mitotic cells in patient tumors and lack of correlation of MTA efficacy with tumor proliferation rate provide strong impetus to re-examine the mechanistic basis of action of MTAs, with an eye toward interphase activities. Whereas targeted antimitotics have unequivocally failed their promise across clinical studies, MTAs constitute a mainstay of chemotherapy. This paradox necessitates the conclusion that MTAs exert mitosis-independent effects, spurring a dramatic paradigm shift in our understanding of the mode of action of MTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ogden
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is conserved from worms to humans and plays a critical role in the normal development and homeostatic control of adult tissues. As a result, numerous diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration are associated with either too little or too much apoptosis. RECENT ADVANCES B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family members regulate cell death, primarily via their effects on mitochondria. In stressed cells, proapoptotic BCL-2 family members promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and cytochrome c (cyt c) release into the cytoplasm, where it stimulates formation of the "apoptosome." This large, multimeric complex is composed of the adapter protein, apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, and the cysteine protease, caspase-9. Recent studies suggest that proteins involved in the processes leading up to (and including) formation of the apoptosome are subject to various forms of post-translational modification, including proteolysis, phosphorylation, and in some cases, direct oxidative modification. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite intense investigation of the intrinsic pathway, significant questions remain regarding how cyt c is released from mitochondria, how the apoptosome is formed and regulated, and how caspase-9 is activated within the complex. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies on the biochemistry of MOMP and apoptosome formation are needed to understand the mechanisms that underpin these critical processes, and novel animal models will be necessary in the future to ascertain the importance of the many posttranslational modifications reported for BCL-2 family members and components of the apoptosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chiao Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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78
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Onodera R, Motoyama K, Okamatsu A, Higashi T, Kariya R, Okada S, Arima H. Involvement of cholesterol depletion from lipid rafts in apoptosis induced by methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tian S, Qin G, Li B. Reactive oxygen species involved in regulating fruit senescence and fungal pathogenicity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:593-602. [PMID: 23515879 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a vital aspect of fruit life cycles, and directly affects fruit quality and resistance to pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as the primary mediators of oxidative damage in plants, are involved in senescence. Mitochondria are the main ROS and free radical source. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins caused by ROS is implicated in the process of senescence, and a number of senescence-related disorders in a variety of organisms. However, the specific sites of ROS generation in mitochondria remain largely unknown. Recent discoveries have ascertained that fruit senescence is greatly related to ROS and incidental oxidative damage of mitochondrial protein. Special mitochondrial proteins involved in fruit senescence have been identified as the targets of ROS. We focus in discussion on our recent advances in exploring the mechanisms of how ROS regulate fruit senescence and fungal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
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80
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Webster KA. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cell death during myocardial infarction: roles of calcium and reactive oxygen species. Future Cardiol 2013; 8:863-84. [PMID: 23176689 DOI: 10.2217/fca.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic calcium accumulation play major roles in the initiation of programmed cell death during acute myocardial infarction. Cell death may include necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy, and combinations thereof. During ischemia, calcium handling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofilament is disrupted and calcium is diverted to the mitochondria causing swelling. Reperfusion, while essential for survival, reactivates energy transduction and contractility and causes the release of ROS and additional ionic imbalance. During acute ischemia-reperfusion, the principal death pathways are programmed necrosis and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, initiated by the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, respectively. Despite intense investigation, the mechanisms of action and modes of regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization are incompletely understood. Extrinsic apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy may also contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, the roles of dysregulated calcium and ROS and the contributions of Bcl-2 proteins, as well as mitochondrial morphology in promoting mitochondrial membrane permeability change and the ensuing cell death during myocardial infarction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Webster
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Medical Center, FL 33101, USA.
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81
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Yu Z, Liu N, Li Y, Xu J, Wang X. Neuroglobin overexpression inhibits oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in primary cultured mouse cortical neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 56:95-103. [PMID: 23639789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogenous neuroprotective molecule against hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Our recent study revealed that Ngb can bind to voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a regulator of mitochondria permeability transition (MPT). In this study we examined the role of Ngb in MPT pore (mPTP) opening following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in primary cultured mouse cortical neurons. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunocytochemistry showed that the binding between Ngb and VDAC was increased after OGD compared to normoxia, indicating the OGD-enhanced Ngb-VDAC interaction. Ngb overexpression protected primary mouse cortical neurons from OGD-induced neuronal death, to an extent comparable to mPTP opening inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CsA) pretreatment. We further measured the role of Ngb in OGD-induced mPTP opening using Ngb overexpression and knockdown approaches in primary cultured neurons, and recombinant Ngb exposure to isolated mitochondria. Same as CsA pretreatment, Ngb overexpression significantly reduced OGD-induced mPTP opening markers including mitochondria swelling, mitochondrial NAD(+) release, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) release in primary cultured neurons. Recombinant Ngb incubation significantly reduced OGD-induced NAD(+) release and Cyt c release from isolated mitochondria. In contrast, Ngb knockdown significantly increased OGD-induced neuron death, and increased OGD-induced mitochondrial NAD(+) release and Cyt c release as well, and these outcomes could be rescued by CsA pretreatment. In summary, our results demonstrated that Ngb overexpression can inhibit OGD-induced mPTP opening in primary cultured mouse cortical neurons, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of Ngb's neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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82
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Thinnes FP. New findings concerning vertebrate porin II--on the relevance of glycine motifs of type-1 VDAC. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 108:212-24. [PMID: 23419876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
New findings concerning vertebrate porin part I was published in 1997, then summarizing early data and reflections regarding the molecular structure of vertebrate voltage-dependent anion-selective channels, VDAC/eukaryotic porin, and the extra-mitochondrial expression pattern of human type-1 VDAC. Meanwhile, endeavors of different laboratories confirmed and widened this beginning by encircling the function of the channels. Regarding the function of mitochondrial outer membrane-standing VDACs the channels are established parts of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and thus therapeutic targets in studies on several diseases: cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, cystic fibrosis and malaria. Regarding cell membrane-integrated type-1 VDAC it has been documented by different approaches that this porin channel is engaged in cell volume regulation, trans-membrane electron transport and apoptosis. Furthermore, new data insinuate a bridging of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, putatively gaining relevance in Alzheimer research. Mammalian type-1 VDAC, a β-barrel, is basically built up by nineteen β-sheets connected by peptide stretches of varying lengths. The molecule also comprises an N-terminal stretch of some twenty amino acids which, according to biochemical data, traverses the channel lumen towards the cytosolic surface of outer mitochondrial membranes or the plasma lemma, respectively and works as voltage sensor in channel gating. In artificial lipid bilayers VDACs figure as anion or cation-channels, as VDACs are permeable to both cations and anions, with voltage shifts changing the relative permeability. Type-1 VDAC carries several motifs where glycine residues are in critical positions. Motifs of this type, on the on hand, are established nucleotide binding sites. On the other hand, the GxxxG motifs are also discussed as relevant peptide dimerization/aggregation/membrane perturbation motifs. Finally, GxxxG motifs bind cholesterol. Type-1 VDAC shows one such GxxxG motif at the proximal end of its N-terminal voltage sensor while amyloid Aβ peptides include three of them in series. Noteworthy, two additional may be modified versions, GxxxGxG and GxxGxxxG, are found on β-sheet 19 or 9, respectively. Recent data have allowed speculating that amyloid Aβ induces apoptosis via opening type-1 VDAC in cell membranes of hypo-metabolic neurons, a process most likely running over life time--as leaves fall from trees in the tropics--and ending in Alzheimer's disease whenever critical brain regions are affected. The expression of GxxxG motifs on either reactant under consideration is in line with this model of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, which clearly differs from the amyloid Aβ cascade theory, and which can, furthermore, be understood as a basic model for apoptosis induction. However, to assume randomly distributed interactions of body wide found amyloid Aβ peptides with the N-terminal voltage sensors of ubiquitously expressed cell membrane-standing human type-1 VDAC opens up a new view on Alzheimer's disease, which might even include a clue on systemic aspects of the disease. While elaborating this concept, my focus was at first only on the GxxxG motif at the proximal end of the N-terminal voltage sensor of type-1 VDAC. Here, I include a corresponding sequence stretch on the channel's β-sheet 19, too.
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83
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Abstract
This review focuses on the role of cyclophilin D (CypD) as a prominent mediator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and subsequent effects on cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Although a great number of reviews have been written on the MPTP and its effects on cell death, we focus on the biology surrounding CypD itself and the non-cell death physiologic functions of the MPTP. A greater understanding of the physiologic functions of the MPTP and its regulation by CypD will likely suggest novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular disease, both dependent and independent of programmed necrotic cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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84
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Abstract
Mitochondria are implicated in many important cellular functions covering the whole life cycle from mitochondrial biogenesis to cell death. Mitochondrial homeostasis is tightly regulated, and mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently associated with severe human pathologies (eg, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegeneration). The permeability transition pore (PTP) is an unselective voltage-dependent mitochondrial channel. Despite the extensive use of electrophysiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, and genetic invalidation in mice, the molecular identity of PTP is still unknown. Nevertheless, PTP is central to mitochondrial vital functions and can play a lethal role in many pathophysiological conditions. This review recapitulates the current knowledge of the various modes of conductance of the PTP channel and discusses their implication in the physiological roles of PTP and their regulation. Based on its involvement in normal physiology and human pathology, a better understanding of this channel and its roles remains a major goal for basic scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Brenner
- INSERM UMR-S 769, LabEx LERMIT, Université de Paris-Sud, 5, Rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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85
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Mendonça-Torres MC, Roberts SS. The translocator protein (TSPO) ligand PK11195 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and sensitizes to chemotherapy treatment in pre- and post-relapse neuroblastoma cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:319-26. [PMID: 23358477 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) has a poor prognosis. Even with intensive myeloablative chemotherapy, relapse is common and almost uniformly fatal, and new treatments are needed. Translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) ligands have been studied as potential new therapeutic agents in many cancers, but not in NB. We studied the effects of TSPO ligands on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis using paired cell lines derived from the same patient at the time of initial surgery and again after development of progressive disease or relapse post-chemotherapy. We found that TSPO expression was significantly increased 2- to 10-fold in post-relapse cell lines compared with pre-treatment lines derived from the same individual. Subsequently, these cell lines were treated with the specific TSPO ligand 1-(2-chlorophenyl-N-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (PK11195) (0-160µM) as a single agent, with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents alone (carboplatin, etoposide or melphalan), or with combinations of PK11195 and chemotherapy drugs. We found that PK11195 inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis and caused G 1/S cell cycle arrest in all tested NB cell lines at micromolar concentrations. In addition, PK11195 significantly decreased mRNA expression of the chemotherapy resistance efflux pumps ABCA3, ABCB1 and ABCC1 in two post-relapse NB cell lines. We also found that pre-treatment with PK11195 sensitized these cell lines to treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. These results suggest that PK11195 alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutic drugs warrants further study for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Mendonça-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
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86
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Siemen D, Ziemer M. What is the nature of the mitochondrial permeability transition poreand What is it Not? IUBMB Life 2013; 65:255-62. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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87
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Mizrachi D, Keinan N. Oligomerization of the Mitochondrial Protein VDAC1. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 117:303-34. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386931-9.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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88
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Mizrachi D. VDAC1: from structure to cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2012; 2:164. [PMID: 23233904 PMCID: PMC3516065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review current evidence pointing to the function of VDAC1 in cell life and death, and highlight these functions in relation to cancer. Found at the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC1 assumes a crucial position in the cell, controlling the metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. Moreover, its location at the boundary between the mitochondria and the cytosol enables VDAC1 to interact with proteins that mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with other cellular activities. As a metabolite transporter, VDAC1 contributes to the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. This is reflected by VDAC1 over-expression in many cancer types, and by inhibition of tumor development upon silencing VDAC1 expression. Along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is also a key protein in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, participating in the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. The involvement of VDAC1 in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the inter-membranal space is discussed, as is VDAC1 oligomerization as an important step in apoptosis induction. VDAC also serves as an anchor point for mitochondria-interacting proteins, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers, such as hexokinase (HK), Bcl2, and Bcl-xL. By binding to VDAC, HK provides both metabolic benefit and apoptosis-suppressive capacity that offers the cell a proliferative advantage and increases its resistance to chemotherapy. VDAC1-based peptides that bind specifically to HK, Bcl2, or Bcl-xL abolished the cell’s abilities to bypass the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, these peptides promote cell death in a panel of genetically characterized cell lines derived from different human cancers. These and other functions point to VDAC1 as a rational target for the development of a new generation of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel ; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
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89
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Zhang X, Weng C, Li Y, Wang X, Jiang C, Li X, Xu Y, Chen Q, Pan L, Tang H. Human Bop is a novel BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 protein family. Protein Cell 2012; 3:790-801. [PMID: 23055042 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One group of Bcl-2 protein family, which shares only the BH3 domain (BH3-only), is critically involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Herein we demonstrated a novel human BH3-only protein (designated as Bop) which could induce apoptosis in a BH3 domain-dependent manner. Further analysis indicated that Bop mainly localized to mitochondria and used its BH3 domain to contact the loop regions of voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane. In addition, purified Bop protein induced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) and the release of cytochrome c. Furthermore, Bop used its BH3 domain to contact pro-survival Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Mcl-1, A1 and Bcl-w), which could inhibit Bop-induced apoptosis. Bop would be constrained by pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in resting cells, because Bop became released from phosphorylated Bcl-2 induced by microtubule-interfering agent like vincristine (VCR). Indeed, knockdown experiments indicated that Bop was partially required for VCR induced cell death. Finally, Bop might need to function through Bak and Bax, likely by releasing Bak from Bcl-X(L) sequestration. In conclusion, Bop may be a novel BH3-only factor that can engage with the regulatory network of Bcl-2 family members to process intrinsic apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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90
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Palmieri MC, Perazzolli M, Matafora V, Moretto M, Bachi A, Pertot I. Proteomic analysis of grapevine resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum T39 reveals specific defence pathways activated against downy mildew. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:6237-51. [PMID: 23105132 PMCID: PMC3481215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew is caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola and is one of the most serious diseases of grapevine. The beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum T39 (T39) has previously been shown to induce plant-mediated resistance and to reduce the severity of downy mildew in susceptible grapevines. In order to better understand the cellular processes associated with T39-induced resistance, the proteomic and histochemical changes activated by T39 in grapevine were investigated before and 1 day after P. viticola inoculation. A comprehensive proteomic analysis of T39-induced resistance in grapevine was performed using an eight-plex iTRAQ protocol, resulting in the identification and quantification of a total of 800 proteins. Most of the proteins directly affected by T39 were found to be involved in signal transduction, indicating activation of a complete microbial recognition machinery. Moreover, T39-induced resistance was associated with rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species and callose at infection sites, as well as changes in abundance of proteins involved in response to stress and redox balance, indicating an active defence response to downy mildew. On the other hand, proteins affected by P. viticola in control plants mainly decreased in abundance, possibly reflecting the establishment of a compatible interaction. Finally, the high-throughput iTRAQ protocol allowed de novo peptide sequencing, which will be used to improve annotation of the Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Palmieri
- IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Vittoria Matafora
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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91
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Effects of genotype and dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oil on the intestinal transcriptome and proteome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2012; 13:448. [PMID: 22943471 PMCID: PMC3460786 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expansion of aquaculture requires alternative feeds and breeding strategies to reduce dependency on fish oil (FO) and better utilization of dietary vegetable oil (VO). Despite the central role of intestine in maintaining body homeostasis and health, its molecular response to replacement of dietary FO by VO has been little investigated. This study employed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to study effects of dietary VO in two family groups of Atlantic salmon selected for flesh lipid content, 'Lean' or 'Fat'. Results Metabolism, particularly of lipid and energy, was the functional category most affected by diet. Important effects were also measured in ribosomal proteins and signalling. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis pathway, assessed by fatty acid composition and gene expression, was influenced by genotype. Intestinal tissue contents of docosahexaenoic acid were equivalent in Lean salmon fed either a FO or VO diet and expression of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes was up-regulated in VO-fed fish in Fat salmon. Dietary VO increased lipogenesis in Lean fish, assessed by expression of FAS, while no effect was observed on β-oxidation although transcripts of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were down-regulated, suggesting less active energetic metabolism in fish fed VO. In contrast, dietary VO up-regulated genes and proteins involved in detoxification, antioxidant defence and apoptosis, which could be associated with higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this diet. Regarding genotype, the following pathways were identified as being differentially affected: proteasomal proteolysis, response to oxidative and cellular stress (xenobiotic and oxidant metabolism and heat shock proteins), apoptosis and structural proteins particularly associated with tissue contractile properties. Genotype effects were accentuated by dietary VO. Conclusions Intestinal metabolism was affected by diet and genotype. Lean fish may have higher responsiveness to low dietary n-3 LC-PUFA, up-regulating the biosynthetic pathway when fed dietary VO. As global aquaculture searches for alternative oils for feeds, this study alerts to the potential of VO introducing contaminants and demonstrates the detoxifying role of intestine. Finally, data indicate genotype-specific responses in the intestinal transcriptome and proteome to dietary VO, including possibly structural properties of the intestinal layer and defence against cellular stress, with Lean fish being more susceptible to diet-induced oxidative stress.
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92
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Arbel N, Ben-Hail D, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Mediation of the antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-xL protein upon interaction with VDAC1 protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:23152-61. [PMID: 22589539 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.345918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial protein, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is implicated in the control of apoptosis, including via its interaction with the pro- and antiapoptotic proteins. We previously demonstrated the direct interaction of Bcl2 with VDAC, leading to reduced channel conductance. VDAC1-based peptides interacted with Bcl2 to prevent its antiapoptotic activity. Here, using a variety of approaches, we show the interaction of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, with VDAC1 and reveal that this interaction mediates Bcl-xL protection against apoptosis. C-terminally truncated Bcl-xL(Δ21) interacts with purified VDAC1, as revealed by microscale thermophoresis and as reflected in the reduced channel conductivity of bilayer-reconstituted VDAC1. Overexpression of Bcl-xL prevented staurosporine-induced apoptosis in cells expressing native VDAC1 but not certain VDAC1 mutants. Having identified mutations in VDAC1 that interfere with the Bcl-xL interaction, certain peptides representing VDAC1 sequences, including the N-terminal domain, were designed and generated as recombinant and synthetic peptides. The VDAC1 N-terminal region and two internal sequences were found to bind specifically, and in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, to immobilized Bcl-xL(Δ21), as revealed by surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, expression of the recombinant peptides in cells overexpressing Bcl-xL prevented protection offered by the protein against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. These results point to Bcl-xL acting as antiapoptotic protein, promoting tumor cell survival via binding to VDAC1. These findings suggest that interfering with Bcl-xL binding to the mitochondria by VDAC1-based peptides may serve to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and to potentiate the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Arbel
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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93
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Chong HZ, Rahmat A, Yeap SK, Md Akim A, Alitheen NB, Othman F, Gwendoline-Ee CL. In vitro cytotoxicity of Strobilanthes crispus ethanol extract on hormone dependent human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:35. [PMID: 22471785 PMCID: PMC3377542 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Strobilanthes crispus has been traditionally used as antidiabetic, anticancer, diuretic, antilytic and laxative agent. However, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect of S. crispus is still unclear. Results Strobilanthes cripus was able to reduce cell viability and proliferation in MTT and BrdU assays. Both cell cycle progression and Tunel assay suggested that IC50 of S. crispus ethanol extract induced sub-G1 cell cycle phase, and DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, translocation of mitochondria cytochrome c release, induction of caspase 3/7 and p53 while suppress XIAP on treated MCF-7 cell were also observed in this study. Conclusion Our findings suggest that S. crispus ethanol extract induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation on hormone dependent breast cancer cell line MCF-7 via mitochondria dependent p53 apoptosis pathway.
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94
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Betaneli V, Petrov EP, Schwille P. The role of lipids in VDAC oligomerization. Biophys J 2012; 102:523-31. [PMID: 22325275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), located on the outer membrane of mitochondria, plays a central role in apoptosis. The involvement of VDAC oligomerization in apoptosis has been suggested in various studies. However, it still remains unknown how exactly VDAC supramolecular assembly can be regulated in the membrane. This study addresses the role of lipids in this process. We investigate the effect of cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), anionic lipids important for mitochondria metabolism and apoptosis, on VDAC oligomerization. By applying fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to VDAC reconstituted into giant unilamellar vesicles, we demonstrate that PG significantly enhances VDAC oligomerization in the membrane, whereas cardiolipin disrupts VDAC supramolecular assemblies. During apoptosis, the level of PG in mitochondria increases, whereas the CL level decreases. We suggest that the specific lipid composition of the outer mitochondrial membrane might be of crucial relevance and, thus, a potential cue for regulating the oligomeric state of VDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Betaneli
- Biophysics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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95
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Sharaf el dein O, Gallerne C, Brenner C, Lemaire C. Increased expression of VDAC1 sensitizes carcinoma cells to apoptosis induced by DNA cross-linking agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1172-82. [PMID: 22285227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A major clinical problem regarding antitumoral treatment with DNA cross-linking agents such as cisplatin (Cisp), mechlorethamine (HN2) or its derivative melphalan (MLP) is intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy, which frequently results from a resistance to apoptosis induction. In this study, aimed to identify novel sensitizing targets to DNA cross-linker-induced cell death, we demonstrated that MLP, Cisp and HN2 induce mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP)-mediated apoptosis in cervical and colon carcinoma cells. This apoptotic pathway is characterized by dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, production of ROS, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, release of apoptogenic factors, caspase activation and nuclear alterations. The opening of PTP and subsequent apoptosis was reduced in Bax deficient cells and in cells with elevated Bcl-2 level, but not in cells invalidated for Bak. We further showed that, among the pro-apoptotic PTP regulators tested (VDAC1, creatine kinase, ANT1 and ANT3), exogenous overexpression of VDAC1 was the most effective in enhancing Cisp- and MLP-induced apoptosis. In addition, pharmacologically induced up-regulation of VDAC1 by the chemotherapeutic agent arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) greatly sensitized HeLa cells to Cisp and MLP treatment. These data indicate that increased expression of VDAC1 appears as a promising strategy to improve DNA cross-linker-induced chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Sharaf el dein
- INSERM UMR-S 769, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud 11, 5 rue J B Clement, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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96
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Ben-Hail D. VDAC, a multi-functional mitochondrial protein as a pharmacological target. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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97
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Sridharan M, Bowles EA, Richards JP, Krantic M, Davis KL, Dietrich KA, Stephenson AH, Ellsworth ML, Sprague RS. Prostacyclin receptor-mediated ATP release from erythrocytes requires the voltage-dependent anion channel. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H553-9. [PMID: 22159995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes have been implicated as controllers of vascular caliber by virtue of their ability to release the vasodilator ATP in response to local physiological and pharmacological stimuli. The regulated release of ATP from erythrocytes requires activation of a signaling pathway involving G proteins (G(i) or G(s)), adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase A, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as well as a final conduit through which this highly charged anion exits the cell. Although pannexin 1 has been shown to be the final conduit for ATP release from human erythrocytes in response to reduced oxygen tension, it does not participate in transport of ATP following stimulation of the prostacyclin (IP) receptor in these cells, which suggests that an additional protein must be involved. Using antibodies directed against voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1, we confirm that this protein is present in human erythrocyte membranes. To address the role of VDAC in ATP release, two structurally dissimilar VDAC inhibitors, Bcl-x(L) BH4(4-23) and TRO19622, were used. In response to the IP receptor agonists, iloprost and UT-15C, ATP release was inhibited by both VDAC inhibitors although neither iloprost-induced cAMP accumulation nor total intracellular ATP concentration were altered. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that VDAC is the ATP conduit in the IP receptor-mediated signaling pathway in human erythrocytes. In addition, neither the pannexin inhibitor carbenoxolone nor Bcl-x(L) BH4(4-23) attenuated ATP release in response to incubation of erythrocytes with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol, suggesting the presence of yet another channel for ATP release from human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Sridharan
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO 63104, USA.
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98
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Yu TY, Raschle T, Hiller S, Wagner G. Solution NMR spectroscopic characterization of human VDAC-2 in detergent micelles and lipid bilayer nanodiscs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1562-9. [PMID: 22119777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three isoforms of the human voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, are crucial regulators of mitochondrial function. Numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate biochemical properties, as well as the three-dimensional structure of VDAC-1. However, functional and structural studies of VDAC-2 and VDAC-3 at atomic resolution are still scarce. VDAC-2 is highly similar to VDAC-1 in amino acid sequence, but has substantially different biochemical functions and expression profiles. Here, we report the reconstitution of functional VDAC-2 in lauryldimethylamine-oxide (LDAO) detergent micelles and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) lipid bilayer nanodiscs. We find that VDAC-2 is properly folded in both membrane-mimicking systems and that structural and functional characterization by solution NMR spectroscopy is feasible. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: VDAC structure, function, and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsyr-Yan Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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99
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Godbole A, Mitra R, Dubey AK, Reddy PS, Mathew MK. Bacterial expression, purification and characterization of a rice voltage-dependent, anion-selective channel isoform, OsVDAC4. J Membr Biol 2011; 244:67-80. [PMID: 22057934 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-011-9399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) is the most abundant protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane and forms the major conduit for metabolite transport across this membrane. VDACs from different sources show varied primary sequence but conserved functional properties. Here, we report on the characterization of a rice channel, OsVDAC4, which complements a VDAC1 deficiency in yeast. We present a consensus secondary structure prediction of an N-terminal α-helix and 19 β-strands. Bacterially expressed OsVDAC4 was purified from inclusion bodies into detergent-containing solution, where it is largely helical. Detergent-solubilized OsVDAC4 inserts spontaneously into artificial membranes of two topologies-spherical liposomes and planar bilayers. Insertion into liposomes results in an increase in β-structure. Transport of polyethylene glycols was used to estimate a pore diameter of ~2.6 nm in liposomes. Channels formed in planar bilayers exhibit large conductance (4.6 ± 0.3 nS in 1 M KCl), strong voltage dependence and weak anion selectivity. The open state of the channel is shown to be permeable to ATP. These data are consistent with a large β-barrel pore formed by OsVDAC4 on inserting into membranes. This study forms a platform to carry out studies of the interaction of OsVDAC4 with putative modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Godbole
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
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100
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McCommis KS, Baines CP. The role of VDAC in cell death: friend or foe? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1444-50. [PMID: 22062421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) forms the interface between mitochondria and the cytosol, its importance in metabolism is well understood. However, research on VDAC's role in cell death is a rapidly growing field, unfortunately with much confusing and contradictory results. The fact that VDAC plays a role in outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization is undeniable, however, the mechanisms behind this remain very poorly understood. In this review, we will summarize the studies that show evidence of VDAC playing a role in cell death. To begin, we will discuss the evidence for and against VDAC's involvement in mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and attempt to clarify that VDAC is not an essential component of the MPT pore (MPTP). Next, we will evaluate the remaining literature on VDAC in cell death which can be divided into three models: proapoptotic agents escaping through VDAC, VDAC homo- or hetero-oligomerization, or VDAC closure resulting in outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization through an unknown pathway. We will then discuss the growing list of modulators of VDAC activity that have been associated with induction/protection against cell death. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: VDAC structure, function, and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, USA
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