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Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228729. [PMID: 33227973 PMCID: PMC7699263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the key for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that an altered gut microbiome (dysbiosis) triggers both local and systemic inflammation to cause chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. There have been some microbiome-relevant pro-inflammatory mechanisms proposed to link the relationships between dysbiosis and atherosclerosis such as gut permeability disruption, trigger of innate immunity from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and generation of proatherogenic metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Meanwhile, immune responses, such as inflammasome activation and cytokine production, could reshape both composition and function of the microbiota. In fact, the immune system delicately modulates the interplay between microbiota and atherogenesis. Recent clinical trials have suggested the potential of immunomodulation as a treatment strategy of atherosclerosis. Here in this review, we present current knowledge regarding to the roles of microbiota in contributing atherosclerotic pathogenesis and highlight translational perspectives by discussing the mutual interplay between microbiota and immune system on atherogenesis.
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52
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Song D, Lai L, Ran Z. Metabolic Regulation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580467. [PMID: 33193381 PMCID: PMC7649203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. IBD is associated with complex pathogenesis, and considerable data suggest that innate lymphoid cells contribute to the development and progression of the condition. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) not only play a protective role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function, but also a pathogenic role in intestinal inflammation. ILC3s can sense environmental and host-derived signals and combine these cues to modulate cell expansion, migration and function, and transmit information to the broader immune system. Herein, we review current knowledge of how ILC3s can be regulated by dietary nutrients, microbiota and their metabolites, as well as other metabolites. In addition, we describe the phenotypic and functional alterations of ILC3s in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of ILC3s in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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53
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Lymph node stromal cells: cartographers of the immune system. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:369-380. [PMID: 32205888 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are strategically positioned at dedicated sites throughout the body to facilitate rapid and efficient immunity. Central to the structural integrity and framework of LNs, and the recruitment and positioning of leukocytes therein, are mesenchymal and endothelial lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs). Advances in the last decade have expanded our understanding and appreciation of LNSC heterogeneity, and the role they play in coordinating immunity has grown rapidly. In this review, we will highlight the functional contributions of distinct stromal cell populations during LN development in maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance and in the activation and control of immune responses.
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54
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Sugita K, Kabashima K. Tight junctions in the development of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:749-762. [PMID: 32108379 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0120-230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments related to asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis (AD), eosinophilic esophagitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with a particular focus on tight junctions (TJs) and their role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases. Lung, skin, and intestinal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells that interact with environmental factors and immune cells. Therefore, together with the cellular immune system, the epithelium performs a pivotal role as the first line physical barrier against external antigens. Paracellular space is almost exclusively sealed by TJs and is maintained by complex protein-protein interactions. Thus, TJ dysfunction increases paracellular permeability, resulting in enhanced flux across TJs. Epithelial TJ dysfunction also causes immune cell activation and contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic lung, skin, and intestinal inflammation. Characterization of TJ protein alteration is one of the key factors for enhancing our understanding of allergic diseases as well as IBDs. Furthermore, TJ-based epithelial disturbance can promote immune cell behaviors, such as those in dendritic cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), thereby offering new insights into TJ-based targets. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how TJ dysfunction can lead to the disruption of the immune homeostasis in barrier tissues and subsequent inflammation. This review also highlights the various TJ barrier dysfunctions across different organ sites, which would help to develop future drugs to target allergic diseases and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Sugita
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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55
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Imbratta C, Hussein H, Andris F, Verdeil G. c-MAF, a Swiss Army Knife for Tolerance in Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:206. [PMID: 32117317 PMCID: PMC7033575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its well-admitted role in development and organogenesis, it is now clear that the transcription factor c-Maf has owned its place in the realm of immune-related transcription factors. Formerly introduced solely as a Th2 transcription factor, the role attributed to c-Maf has gradually broadened over the years and has extended to most, if not all, known immune cell types. The influence of c-Maf is particularly prominent among T cell subsets, where c-Maf regulates the differentiation as well as the function of multiple subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells, lending it a crucial position in adaptive immunity and anti-tumoral responsiveness. Recent research has also revealed the role of c-Maf in controlling Th17 responses in the intestine, positioning it as an essential factor in intestinal homeostasis. This review aims to present and discuss the recent advances highlighting the particular role played by c-Maf in T lymphocyte differentiation, function, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Imbratta
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hind Hussein
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Andris
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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56
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Domingues RG, Hepworth MR. Immunoregulatory Sensory Circuits in Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell (ILC3) Function and Tissue Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:116. [PMID: 32117267 PMCID: PMC7015949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a revolution in our understanding of how cells of the immune system are modulated and regulated not only via complex interactions with other immune cells, but also through a range of potent inputs derived from diverse and varied biological systems. Within complex tissue environments, such as the gastrointestinal tract and lung, these systems act to orchestrate and temporally align immune responses, regulate cellular function, and ensure tissue homeostasis and protective immunity. Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC3s) are key sentinels of barrier tissue homeostasis and critical regulators of host-commensal mutualism—and respond rapidly to damage, inflammation and infection to restore tissue health. Recent findings place ILC3s as strategic integrators of environmental signals. As a consequence, ILC3s are ideally positioned to detect perturbations in cues derived from the environment—such as the diet and microbiota—as well as signals produced by the host nervous, endocrine and circadian systems. Together these cues act in concert to induce ILC3 effector function, and form critical sensory circuits that continually function to reinforce tissue homeostasis. In this review we will take a holistic, organismal view of ILC3 biology and explore the tissue sensory circuits that regulate ILC3 function and align ILC3 responses with changes within the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita G Domingues
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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57
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Hussein H, Denanglaire S, Van Gool F, Azouz A, Ajouaou Y, El-Khatib H, Oldenhove G, Leo O, Andris F. Multiple Environmental Signaling Pathways Control the Differentiation of RORγt-Expressing Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3007. [PMID: 31998303 PMCID: PMC6961548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RORγt-expressing Tregs form a specialized subset of intestinal CD4+ Foxp3+ cells which is essential to maintain gut homeostasis and tolerance to commensal microbiota. Recently, c-Maf emerged as a critical factor in the regulation of RORγt expression in Tregs. However, aside from c-Maf signaling, the signaling pathways involved in the differentiation of RORγt+ Tregs and their possible interplay with c-Maf in this process are largely unknown. We show that RORγt+ Treg development is controled by positive as well as negative signals. Along with c-Maf signaling, signals derived from a complex microbiota, as well as IL-6/STAT3- and TGF-β-derived signals act in favor of RORγt+ Treg development. Ectopic expression of c-Maf did not rescue RORγt expression in STAT3-deficient Tregs, indicating the presence of additional effectors downstream of STAT3. Moreover, we show that an inflammatory IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathway acts as a negative regulator of RORγt+ Treg differentiation in a c-Maf independent fashion. These data thus argue for a complex integrative signaling network that finely tunes RORγt expression in Tregs. The finding that type 1 inflammation impedes RORγt+ Treg development even in the presence of an active IL-6/STAT3 pathway further suggests a dominant negative effect of STAT1 over STAT3 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Hussein
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Van Gool
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Yousra Ajouaou
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hana El-Khatib
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Oldenhove
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Andris
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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58
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Luo S, Zhu R, Yu T, Fan H, Hu Y, Mohanta SK, Hu D. Chronic Inflammation: A Common Promoter in Tertiary Lymphoid Organ Neogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2938. [PMID: 31921189 PMCID: PMC6930186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) frequently develop locally in adults in response to non-resolving inflammation. Chronic inflammation leads to the differentiation of stromal fibroblast cells toward lymphoid tissue organizer-like cells, which interact with lymphotoxin α1β2+ immune cells. The interaction initiates lymphoid neogenesis by recruiting immune cells to the site of inflammation and ultimately leads to the formation of TLOs. Mature TLOs harbor a segregated T-cell zone, B-cell follicles with an activated germinal center, follicular dendritic cells, and high endothelial venules, which architecturally resemble those in secondary lymphoid organs. Since CXCL13 and LTα1β2 play key roles in TLO neogenesis, they might constitute potential biomarkers of TLO activity. The well-developed TLOs actively regulate local immune responses and influence disease progression, and they are thereby regarded as the powerhouses of local immunity. In this review, we recapitulated the determinants for TLOs development, with great emphasis on the fundamental role of chronic inflammation and tissue-resident stromal cells for TLO neogenesis, hence offering guidance for therapeutic interventions in TLO-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sarajo Kumar Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Desheng Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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59
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Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Duerr CU. The interaction of intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells in health and disease throughout life. Immunology 2019; 159:39-51. [PMID: 31777064 PMCID: PMC6904614 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity is shaped by commensal microbiota. From early life onwards, microbes colonize mucosal surfaces of the body and thereby trigger the establishment of immune homeostasis and defense mechanisms. Recent evidence reveals that the family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are mainly located in mucosal tissues, are essential in the maintenance of barrier functions as well as in the initiation of an appropriate immune response upon pathogenic infection. In this review, we summarize recent insights on the functional interaction of microbiota and ILCs at steady‐state and throughout life. Furthermore, we will discuss the interplay of ILCs and the microbiota in mucosal infections focusing on intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia U Duerr
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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60
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Jeucken KCM, Koning JJ, Mebius RE, Tas SW. The Role of Endothelial Cells and TNF-Receptor Superfamily Members in Lymphoid Organogenesis and Function During Health and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2700. [PMID: 31824495 PMCID: PMC6879661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are crucial for the orchestration of immune responses. LN reactions depend on interactions between incoming and local immune cells, and stromal cells. To mediate these cellular interactions an organized vascular network within the LN exists. In general, the LN vasculature can be divided into two components: blood vessels, which include the specialized high endothelial venules that recruit lymphocytes from the bloodstream, and lymphatic vessels. Signaling via TNF receptor (R) superfamily (SF) members has been implicated as crucial for the development and function of LNs and the LN vasculature. In recent years the role of cell-specific signaling of TNFRSF members in different endothelial cell (EC) subsets and their roles in development and maintenance of lymphoid organs has been elucidated. Here, we discuss recent insights into EC-specific TNFRSF member signaling and highlight its importance in different EC subsets in LN organogenesis and function during health, and in lymphocyte activation and tertiary lymphoid structure formation during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C M Jeucken
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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61
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VPR-254: an inhibitor of ROR-gamma T with potential utility for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:499-511. [PMID: 31549280 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoic Acid Related Orphan Nuclear Receptor gamma T (RORγT) is a lineage specifying transcription factor for IL-17 expressing cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). VPR-254 is a selective in vitro inhibitor of RORγT. AIMS The main goals of our study were twofold: (1) To determine if ex vivo treatment with VPR-254 reduced relevant cytokine (IL-17 and IL-21) secretion from colonic strips of mice with colitis; (2) To determine if treatment of mice with VPR-254 attenuated parameters of colitis, using three murine IBD models. METHODS VPR-254 was evaluated ex vivo in a colonic strip assay, using tissue from mice with Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In vivo, VPR-254 was evaluated for efficacy in DSS, Trintirobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and Anti-CD40 antibody-induced murine models of colitis. RESULTS VPR-254 reduced the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17) in ex vivo and in vivo models of colitis. This small molecule inhibitor of RORγT also improved various morphometric and histological parameters associated with three diverse murine models of IBD. CONCLUSION Our results support the concept that an inhibitor of ROR-gamma T may have potential utility for the treatment of IBD.
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62
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JunB plays a crucial role in development of regulatory T cells by promoting IL-2 signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1104-1117. [PMID: 31285535 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor JunB plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes, including placental formation and bone homeostasis. We recently reported that JunB is essential for development of Th17 cells, and thus Junb-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the role of JunB in CD4+ T cells under other inflammatory disease conditions is unknown. Here we show that mice lacking JunB in CD4+ T cells (Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice) were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis because of impaired development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Production of interleukin (IL)-2 and expression of CD25, a high affinity IL-2 receptor component, were decreased in Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Naive CD4+ T cells from Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice failed to differentiate into Treg cells in the absence of exogenously added IL-2 in vitro. A mixed bone marrow transfer experiment revealed that defective Treg development of Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells was not rescued by co-transferred wild-type cells, indicating a significance of the cell-intrinsic defect. Injection of IL-2-anti-IL-2 antibody complexes induced expansion of Treg cells and alleviated DSS-induced colitis in Junbfl/flCd4-Cre mice. Thus JunB plays a crucial role in the development of Treg cells by facilitating IL-2 signaling.
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63
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Branzk N, Gronke K, Diefenbach A. Innate lymphoid cells, mediators of tissue homeostasis, adaptation and disease tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:86-101. [PMID: 30294961 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a recently identified group of tissue-resident innate lymphocytes. Available data support the view that ILC or their progenitors are deposited and retained in tissues early during ontogeny. Thereby, ILC become an integral cellular component of tissues and organs. Here, we will review the intriguing relationships between ILC and basic developmental and homeostatic processes within tissues. Studying ILC has already led to the appreciation of the integral roles of immune cells in tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, metabolism, regeneration, and growth. This area of immunology has not yet been studied in-depth but is likely to reveal important networks contributing to disease tolerance and may be harnessed for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Branzk
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
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64
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Lin L, Hu X, Zhang H, Hu H. Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Cancer Immunology: Mechanisms and the New Strategy for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1398. [PMID: 31281318 PMCID: PMC6596321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays pivotal roles in the occurrence and progression of cancers. As blockade of immune-checkpoint has been proven effective at improving anti-tumor immune response in multiple tumor types, the tumor immunotherapy still faces many challenges. Emerging evidence indicates lymphoid organ-like structures, also called tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) or ectopic lymphoid organs (ELOs), have been identified in cancers, as the result of lymphoid neoorganogenesis. The prognostic value of TLOs in cancer patients has been evaluated with debates, however, such well-organized lymphoid structures in the site of cancer indicate TLOs are the important modulators of cancer immunological microenvironment. TLOs have attracted remarkable efforts to investigate their neoorganogenesis and function in immune responses, aiming to develop new strategies for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current understandings about the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the formation and function of TLOs in immune responses against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Collaboration and Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Collaboration and Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Collaboration and Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Collaboration and Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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65
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A growing body of evidence supports the relevance of the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 (IL-23/IL-17) pathway for the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and its treatment. Recently, innate lymphoid cells (ILC), a heterogeneous family of immune effector cells, have been identified as a relevant contributor in tissue homeostasis, partially via IL-23/IL-17 axis. This review describes the biology and the origins of the group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) in humans, focusing on their role in the pathogenesis of axSpA. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials showed the effectiveness of IL23/IL-17 axis inhibition in both spondyloarthritis (SpA) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Recent findings confirm the high prevalence of subclinical gut inflammation in patients with SpA. Translational data in humans have demonstrated an increase in the number of ILC3s responsive to IL-23 and producing either IL-22 or IL-17 in the gut of SpA patients. The observation of gut-derived ILC3s in circulation and at inflamed tissues in patients with SpA suggest a recirculation of ILCs from mucosal site to lymphoid tissues and possibly enthesis and joints. Multiple observations demonstrate the expansion of IL-17- and IL-22-producing ILC3 in the subclinically inflamed gut of SpA patients. These innate immune cells, also observed in normal entheses, seem to be able to re-circulate from the gut to inflamed tissues of SpA patients, thus contributing to the disease perpetuation. The development of tools that can provide access to diseased tissue from sacroiliac joint and spinal entheses will provide valuable knowledge on the role of ILC3 in axSpA pathogenesis.
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66
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Sautès-Fridman C, Petitprez F, Calderaro J, Fridman WH. Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:307-325. [PMID: 31092904 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 874] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid organs that develop in non-lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation including tumours. Key common characteristics between secondary lymphoid organogenesis and TLS neogenesis have been identified. TLSs exist under different maturation states in tumours, culminating in germinal centre formation. The mechanisms that underlie the role of TLSs in the adaptive antitumour immune response are being deciphered. The description of the correlation between TLS presence and clinical benefit in patients with cancer, suggesting that TLSs could be a prognostic and predictive factor, has drawn strong interest into investigating the role of TLSs in tumours. A current major challenge is to exploit TLSs to promote lymphocyte infiltration, activation by tumour antigens and differentiation to increase the antitumour immune response. Several approaches are being developed using chemokines, cytokines, antibodies, antigen-presenting cells or synthetic scaffolds to induce TLS formation. Strategies aiming to induce TLS neogenesis in immune-low tumours and in immune-high tumours, in this case, in combination with therapeutic agents dampening the inflammatory environment and/or with immune checkpoint inhibitors, represent promising avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Equipe 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université de Paris, Equipe Inflammation, complément et cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
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Abstract
Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that prevents formation of high-affinity interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (IL-2R). Because activated T cells up-regulate high-affinity IL-2R and IL-2 is used to grow activated T cells in vitro, daclizumab was envisioned to selectively inhibit activated T cells. However, the mechanism of action (MOA) of daclizumab is surprisingly broad and it includes many unanticipated effects on innate immunity. Specifically, daclizumab modulates the development of innate lymphoid cells, leading to expansion of immunoregulatory CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells. Activated CD56bright NK cells migrate to the intrathecal compartment in multiple sclerosis (MS) and regulate autoreactive T cells via cytotoxicity. Finally, daclizumab also restricts initial steps of T-cell activation by blocking trans-presentation of IL-2 by dendritic cells to antigen-specific T cells. In conclusion, daclizumab has complex immunomodulatory effects with resultant inhibition of central nervous system inflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Bielekova
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Unit (NDU), Neuroimmunology Branch (NIB), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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68
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Wyss A, Raselli T, Perkins N, Ruiz F, Schmelczer G, Klinke G, Moncsek A, Roth R, Spalinger MR, Hering L, Atrott K, Lang S, Frey-Wagner I, Mertens JC, Scharl M, Sailer AW, Pabst O, Hersberger M, Pot C, Rogler G, Misselwitz B. The EBI2-oxysterol axis promotes the development of intestinal lymphoid structures and colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:733-745. [PMID: 30742043 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding for Epstein-Barr virus-induced G-protein-coupled receptor 2 (EBI2) is a risk gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Together with its oxysterol ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, EBI2 mediates migration and differentiation of immune cells. However, the role of EBI2 in the colonic immune system remains insufficiently studied. We found increased mRNA expression of EBI2 and oxysterol-synthesizing enzymes (CH25H, CYP7B1) in the inflamed colon of patients with ulcerative colitis and mice with acute or chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. Accordingly, we detected elevated levels of 25-hydroxylated oxysterols, including 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol in mice with acute colonic inflammation. Knockout of EBI2 or CH25H did not affect severity of DSS colitis; however, inflammation was decreased in male EBI2-/- mice in the IL-10 colitis model. The colonic immune system comprises mucosal lymphoid structures, which accumulate upon chronic inflammation in IL-10-deficient mice and in chronic DSS colitis. However, EBI2-/- mice formed significantly less colonic lymphoid structures at baseline and showed defects in inflammation-induced accumulation of lymphoid structures. In summary, we report induction of the EBI2-7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol axis in colitis and a role of EBI2 for the accumulation of lymphoid tissue during homeostasis and inflammation. These data implicate the EBI2-7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol axis in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wyss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Perkins
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ruiz
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Schmelczer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Glynis Klinke
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Moncsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Roth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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69
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential molecule for life. It is a component of the cell membrane, and it is a precursor molecule for bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. Cholesterol is actively metabolized, but the impact of endogenous cholesterol metabolites on immune function, especially in the intestine, is poorly understood. In this review, I focus on oxysterols, hydroxylated forms of cholesterol, and their specialized functions in intestinal immunity. Oxysterols act through various intracellular and extracellular receptors and serve as key metabolic signals, coordinating immune activity and inflammation. Our recent work has identified an unexpected link between cholesterol metabolism, innate lymphoid cell function and intestinal homeostasis. We discovered that oxysterol sensing through the G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183) directs the migration of innate lymphoid cells, which is essential for the formation of lymphoid tissue in the colon. Moreover, we found that the interaction of GPR183 with oxysterols regulates intestinal inflammation. I will discuss the therapeutic potential of oxysterols and future possibilities of treating inflammatory bowel disease through the modulation of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Willinger
- Department of Medicine HuddingeCenter for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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70
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Kellermayer Z, Vojkovics D, Dakah TA, Bodó K, Botz B, Helyes Z, Berta G, Kajtár B, Schippers A, Wagner N, Scotto L, O'Connor OA, Arnold HH, Balogh P. IL-22-Independent Protection from Colitis in the Absence of Nkx2.3 Transcription Factor in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1833-1844. [PMID: 30700585 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nkx2.3 regulates the vascular specification of Peyer patches in mice through determining endothelial addressin preference and may function as a susceptibility factor in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. We wished to analyze the role of Nkx2.3 in colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue composition and in colitis pathogenesis. We studied the colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue of Nkx2.3-deficient mice with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Colitis was induced in mice using 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate, and severity was assessed with histology, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR. We found that the lack of Nkx2.3 impairs maturation of isolated lymphoid follicles and attenuates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis independent of endothelial absence of mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), which was also coupled with enhanced colonic epithelial regeneration. Although we observed increased numbers of group 3 innate lymphoid cells and Th17 cells and enhanced transcription of IL-22, Ab-mediated neutralization of IL-22 did not abolish the protection from colitis in Nkx2.3-deficient mice. Nkx2.3-/- hematopoietic cells could not rescue wild-type mice from colitis. Using LacZ-Nkx2.3 reporter mice, we found that Nkx2.3 expression was restricted to VAP-1+ myofibroblast-like pericryptal cells. These results hint at a previously unknown stromal role of Nkx2.3 as driver of colitis and indicate that Nkx2.3+ stromal cells play a role in epithelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kellermayer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Dóra Vojkovics
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Tareq Abu Dakah
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Béla Kajtár
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Luigi Scotto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10019, NY
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10019, NY; and
| | - Hans-Henning Arnold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary;
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
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71
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Martínez-López M, Iborra S, Conde-Garrosa R, Mastrangelo A, Danne C, Mann ER, Reid DM, Gaboriau-Routhiau V, Chaparro M, Lorenzo MP, Minnerup L, Saz-Leal P, Slack E, Kemp B, Gisbert JP, Dzionek A, Robinson MJ, Rupérez FJ, Cerf-Bensussan N, Brown GD, Bernardo D, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Sancho D. Microbiota Sensing by Mincle-Syk Axis in Dendritic Cells Regulates Interleukin-17 and -22 Production and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Immunity 2019; 50:446-461.e9. [PMID: 30709742 PMCID: PMC6382412 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 by T helper 17 (Th17) cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in response to the gut microbiota ensures maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Here, we examined the mechanisms whereby the immune system detects microbiota in the steady state. A Syk-kinase-coupled signaling pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) was critical for commensal-dependent production of IL-17 and IL-22 by CD4+ T cells. The Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptor Mincle detected mucosal-resident commensals in the Peyer's patches (PPs), triggered IL-6 and IL-23p19 expression, and thereby regulated function of intestinal Th17- and IL-17-secreting ILCs. Mice deficient in Mincle or with selective depletion of Syk in CD11c+ cells had impaired production of intestinal RegIIIγ and IgA and increased systemic translocation of gut microbiota. Consequently, Mincle deficiency led to liver inflammation and deregulated lipid metabolism. Thus, sensing of commensals by Mincle and Syk signaling in CD11c+ cells reinforces intestinal immune barrier and promotes host-microbiota mutualism, preventing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruth Conde-Garrosa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Annalaura Mastrangelo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Camille Danne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Delyth M Reid
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Valérie Gaboriau-Routhiau
- INRA Micalis Institut, UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maria Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - María P Lorenzo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, km 0, M501, Alcorcón 28925, Spain
| | | | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco J Rupérez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, km 0, M501, Alcorcón 28925, Spain
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - David Bernardo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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72
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Magrone T, Jirillo E. Development and Organization of the Secondary and Tertiary Lymphoid Organs: Influence of Microbial and Food Antigens. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:128-135. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181128160411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are distributed in many districts of the body and, especially, lymph nodes, spleen and gut-associated lymphoid tissue are the main cellular sites. On the other hand, tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) are formed in response to inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic events. </P><P> Developmental Studies: In the present review, emphasis will be placed on the developmental differences of SLO and TLO between small intestine and colon and on the role played by various chemokines and cell receptors. Undoubtedly, microbiota is indispensable for the formation of SLO and its absence leads to their poor formation, thus indicating its strict interaction with immune and non immune host cells. Furthermore, food antigens (for example, tryptophan derivatives, flavonoids and byphenils) bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor on innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), thus promoting the development of postnatal lymphoid tissues. Also retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, contributes to SLO development during embryogenesis. Vitamin A deficiency seems to account for reduction of ILCs and scarce formation of solitary lymphoid tissue. </P><P> Translational Studies: The role of lymphoid organs with special reference to intestinal TLO in the course of experimental and human disease will also be discussed. </P><P> Future Perspectives: Finally, a new methodology, the so-called “gut-in-a dish”, which has facilitated the in vitro interaction study between microbe and intestinal immune cells, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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73
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Jansen CS, Prokhnevska N, Kissick HT. The requirement for immune infiltration and organization in the tumor microenvironment for successful immunotherapy in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 37:543-555. [PMID: 30446449 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy-particularly immune checkpoint blockade-has seen great success in many tumor types. However, checkpoint-based therapies have not demonstrated high levels of success in prostate cancer, and there is much to be learned from both the successes and failures of these treatments. Here we review the evidence that composition of infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is fundamental to the response to immunotherapy. Additionally, we discuss the emerging idea that the organization of these immune cells may also be crucial to this response. In prostate cancer, the composition and organization of the tumor immune microenvironment are preeminent topics of discussion and areas of important future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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74
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Tertiary lymphoid organs: A novel target in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1673-1676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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75
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a recently identified group of innate lymphocytes that are preferentially located at barrier surfaces. Barrier surfaces are in direct contact with complex microbial ecosystems, collectively referred to as the microbiota. It is now believed that the interplay of the microbiota with host components (i.e. epithelial cells and immune cells) promotes host fitness by regulating organ homeostasis, metabolism, and host defense against pathogens. In this review, we will give an overview of this multifaceted interplay between ILC and components of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Britanova
- Research Centre Immunotherapy and Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Department of Microbiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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76
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Pipi E, Nayar S, Gardner DH, Colafrancesco S, Smith C, Barone F. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Autoimmunity Goes Local. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1952. [PMID: 30258435 PMCID: PMC6143705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are frequently observed in target organs of autoimmune diseases. TLS present features of secondary lymphoid organs such as segregated T and B cell zones, presence of follicular dendritic cell networks, high endothelial venules and specialized lymphoid fibroblasts and display the mechanisms to support local adaptive immune responses toward locally displayed antigens. TLS detection in the tissue is often associated with poor prognosis of disease, auto-antibody production and malignancy development. This review focuses on the contribution of TLS toward the persistence of the inflammatory drive, the survival of autoreactive lymphocyte clones and post-translational modifications, responsible for the pathogenicity of locally formed autoantibodies, during autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pipi
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Experimental Medicine Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charlotte Smith
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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77
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New Insights on the Pathogenesis of Takayasu Arteritis: Revisiting the Microbial Theory. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7030073. [PMID: 30200570 PMCID: PMC6160975 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic vasculitis that mainly affects the aorta, its major branches, and the pulmonary arteries. Since the description of the first case by Mikito Takayasu in 1908, several aspects of this rare disease, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, and the appropriate clinical assessment, have been substantially defined. Nevertheless, while it is well-known that TAK is associated with a profound inflammatory process, possibly rooted to an autoimmune disorder, its precise etiology has remained largely unknown. Efforts to identify the antigen(s) that trigger autoimmunity in this disease have been unsuccessful, however, it is likely that viruses or bacteria, by a molecular mimicry mechanism, initiate or propagate the auto-immune process in this disease. In this article, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of TAK, with emphasis on new insights related to the pathogenesis of this entity that may contribute to the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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78
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Bruscoli S, Sorcini D, Flamini S, Gagliardi A, Adamo F, Ronchetti S, Migliorati G, Bereshchenko O, Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Inhibits Interferon-Gamma Production in B Cells and Suppresses Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1720. [PMID: 30083167 PMCID: PMC6064738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is transcriptionally upregulated by glucocorticoids (GCs) and mediates many of the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs. Since B cell activity has been linked to cytokine production and modulation of inflammatory responses, we herein investigated the role of GILZ in B cells during colitis development. B cell-specific gilz knock-out (gilz B cKO) mice exhibited increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in B cells, and consequently CD4+ T cell activation. Increased IFN-γ production in B cells was associated with enhanced transcriptional activity of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) on the IFN-γ promoter. Moreover, GILZ deficiency in B cells was linked to enhanced susceptibility to experimental colitis in mice, and this was reversed by administering GILZ protein. Interestingly, we observed increased production of IFN-γ in both B and T cells infiltrating the lamina propria (LP) of gilz B cKO mice. Together, these findings indicate that GILZ controls IFN-γ production in B cells, which also affects T cell activity, and increased production of IFN-γ by B and T cells in LP is associated with predisposition to inflammatory colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bruscoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Sorcini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Flamini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gagliardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Adamo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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79
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Cording S, Medvedovic J, Lécuyer E, Aychek T, Déjardin F, Eberl G. Mouse models for the study of fate and function of innate lymphoid cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1271-1280. [PMID: 29974461 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells were discovered more than 40 and 20 years ago, respectively. These two cell types were initially studied for their unique functions in the elimination of infected or transformed cells, and in the development of lymphoid tissues. It took an additional 10 years to realize that NK cells and LTi cells were members of a larger family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), whose phenotypes and functions mirror those of T cells. Many mouse models have since been developed to identify and isolate ILCs, map their developmental pathways and characterize their functions. Because of the similarity between ILCs and T cells, this exploration remains a challenge. In spite of this, a broad range of mouse models available to researchers has lead to significant progress in untangling the unique roles of ILCs early in defense, regulation of adaptive immunity and homeostasis. Here, we review these mouse models, and discuss their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Cording
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Institute IMAGINE, INSERM 1163, Paris, France
| | - Jasna Medvedovic
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Emelyne Lécuyer
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Tegest Aychek
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - François Déjardin
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France
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80
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Planchais C, Hocqueloux L, Ibanez C, Gallien S, Copie C, Surenaud M, Kök A, Lorin V, Fusaro M, Delfau-Larue MH, Lefrou L, Prazuck T, Lévy M, Seddiki N, Lelièvre JD, Mouquet H, Lévy Y, Hüe S. Early Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves Functional Follicular Helper T and HIV-Specific B Cells in the Gut Mucosa of HIV-1-Infected Individuals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3519-3529. [PMID: 29632141 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is associated with B cell dysregulation and dysfunction. In HIV-1-infected patients, we previously reported preservation of intestinal lymphoid structures and dendritic cell maturation pathways after early combination antiretroviral therapy (e-ART), started during the acute phase of the infection, compared with late combination antiretroviral therapy started during the chronic phase. In this study, we investigated whether the timing of combination antiretroviral therapy initiation was associated with the development of the HIV-1-specific humoral response in the gut. The results showed that e-ART was associated with higher frequencies of functional resting memory B cells in the gut. These frequencies correlated strongly with those of follicular Th cells in the gut. Importantly, frequencies of HIV-1 Env gp140-reactive B cells were higher in patients given e-ART, in whom gp140-reactive IgG production by mucosal B cells increased after stimulation. Moreover, IL-21 release by PBMCs stimulated with HIV-1 peptide pools was greater with e-ART than with late combination antiretroviral therapy. Thus, early treatment initiation helps to maintain HIV-1-reactive memory B cells in the gut as well as follicular Th cells, whose role is crucial in the development of potent affinity-matured and broadly neutralizing Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Planchais
- INSERM U955, équipe 16, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Laurent Hocqueloux
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans-La Source, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Clara Ibanez
- INSERM U955, équipe 16, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Sébastien Gallien
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Christiane Copie
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Pathologie, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France.,INSERM U955, équipe 9, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- INSERM U955, équipe 16, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Ayrin Kök
- Laboratory of Humoral Response to Pathogens, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75015, France.,INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie Lorin
- Laboratory of Humoral Response to Pathogens, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75015, France.,INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Laurent Lefrou
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans-La Source, Orléans F-45000, France; and
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans-La Source, Orléans F-45000, France
| | - Michael Lévy
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Nabila Seddiki
- INSERM U955, équipe 16, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- INSERM U955, équipe 16, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Laboratory of Humoral Response to Pathogens, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75015, France.,INSERM U1222, Paris 75015, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, équipe 16, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France; .,Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Sophie Hüe
- INSERM U955, équipe 16, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France; .,Vaccine Research Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil F-94010, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil F-94010, France
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81
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Kaplon H, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Quel avenir pour les lymphocytes B infiltrant les tumeurs solides. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:72-78. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20183401016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Le rôle des lymphocytes B (LB) dans l’immuno-surveillance des tumeurs a longtemps été négligé car il a été souvent considéré comme peu efficace, voire pro-tumoral. Des études approfondies du microenvironnement immunitaire, notamment dans les cancers humains, ont permis de préciser la nature des interactions entre le LB et ses partenaires cellulaires. Cette revue examine un certain nombre de paramètres qui dictent le devenir du LB vers une fonction pro-ou anti-tumorale. Ainsi, la capacité à élaborer une immunité antitumorale qui repose sur les lymphocytes B, et/ ou des anticorps qu’ils sécrètent, fait appel à une palette très variée de mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires dont certains pourraient représenter de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques en oncologie.
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82
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Mohammadi H, Sharafkandi N, Hemmatzadeh M, Azizi G, Karimi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Baradaran B, Babaloo Z. The role of innate lymphoid cells in health and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4512-4529. [PMID: 29058773 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are kind of innate immune cells which can be divided into three main subsets according to their cytokine release profile, transcription factors, and surface markers. ILCs affect the initial stages of immunity in response to microbes and participate in immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair. ILCs modulate immunity through resistance to the pathogens and regulation of autoimmune inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. Therefore dysregulation of ILCs may lead to chronic pathologies such as allergies (i.e., asthma), inflammation (i.e., inflammatory bowel disease), and autoimmunity (i.e., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and ankylosing spondylitis). Regarding the critical role of ILCs in the regulation of immune system, the elucidation of their function in different conditions makes an interesting target for improvement of novel therapeutic approach to modulate an immune response in different disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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83
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Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Among the World of Noncanonical Ectopic Lymphoid Organizations. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1845:1-15. [PMID: 30141004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8709-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLOs), also known as ectopic lymphoid structures, are associated with chronic infections and inflammatory diseases. Despite their association with pathology, these structures are actually a normal, albeit transient, component of the immune system and facilitate local immune responses that are meant to mitigate inflammation and resolve infection. Many of the mechanisms controlling the formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures have been identified, in part by experimentally triggering their formation using defined stimuli under controlled conditions. Here, we introduce the experimental and pathological conditions in which tertiary lymphoid tissues are formed, describe the mechanisms linked to their formation, and discuss their functions in the context of both infection and inflammation.
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84
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Colbeck EJ, Ager A, Gallimore A, Jones GW. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer: Drivers of Antitumor Immunity, Immunosuppression, or Bystander Sentinels in Disease? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1830. [PMID: 29312327 PMCID: PMC5742143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs are integral to initiation and execution of adaptive immune responses. These organs provide a setting for interactions between antigen-specific lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells recruited from local infected or inflamed tissues. Secondary lymphoid organs develop as a part of a genetically preprogrammed process during embryogenesis. However, organogenesis of secondary lymphoid tissues can also be recapitulated in adulthood during de novo lymphoid neogenesis of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). These ectopic lymphoid-like structures form in the inflamed tissues afflicted by various pathological conditions, including cancer, autoimmunity, infection, or allograft rejection. Studies are beginning to shed light on the function of such structures in different disease settings, raising important questions regarding their contribution to progression or resolution of disease. Data show an association between the tumor-associated TLSs and a favorable prognosis in various types of human cancer, attracting the speculation that TLSs support effective local antitumor immune responses. However, definitive evidence for the role for TLSs in fostering immune responses in vivo are lacking, with current data remaining largely correlative by nature. In fact, some more recent studies have even demonstrated an immunosuppressive, tumor-promoting role for cancer-associated TLSs. In this review, we will discuss what is known about the development of cancer-associated TLSs and the current understanding of their potential role in the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Ager
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Awen Gallimore
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Wyn Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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85
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Cording S, Medvedovic J, Aychek T, Eberl G. Innate lymphoid cells in defense, immunopathology and immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2017; 17:755-7. [PMID: 27328004 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Cording
- Microenvironment &Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, and INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Jasna Medvedovic
- Microenvironment &Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, and INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Tegest Aychek
- Microenvironment &Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, and INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Microenvironment &Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, and INSERM U1224, Paris, France
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86
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Alsughayyir J, Pettigrew GJ, Motallebzadeh R. Spoiling for a Fight: B Lymphocytes As Initiator and Effector Populations within Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Autoimmunity and Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1639. [PMID: 29218052 PMCID: PMC5703719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) develop at ectopic sites within chronically inflamed tissues, such as in autoimmunity and rejecting organ allografts. TLOs differ structurally from canonical secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), in that they lack a mantle zone and are not encapsulated, suggesting that they may provide unique immune function. A notable feature of TLOs is the frequent presence of structures typical of germinal centers (GCs). However, little is known about the role of such GCs, and in particular, it is not clear if the B cell response within is autonomous, or whether it synergizes with concurrent responses in SLOs. This review will discuss ectopic lymphoneogenesis and the role of the B cell in TLO formation and subsequent effector output in the context of autoimmunity and transplantation, with particular focus on the contribution of ectopic GCs to affinity maturation in humoral immune responses and to the potential breakdown of self-tolerance and development of humoral autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Alsughayyir
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Pettigrew
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Motallebzadeh
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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87
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Lycke NY, Bemark M. The regulation of gut mucosal IgA B-cell responses: recent developments. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1361-1374. [PMID: 28745325 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of activated B cells differentiate into IgA plasma cells, with the gut being the largest producer of immunoglobulin in the body. Secretory IgA antibodies have numerous critical functions of which protection against infections and the role for establishing a healthy microbiota appear most important. Expanding our knowledge of the regulation of IgA B-cell responses and how effective mucosal vaccines can be designed are of critical importance. Here we discuss recent developments in the field that shed light on the uniqueness and complexity of mucosal IgA responses and the control of protective IgA responses in the gut, specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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88
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An J, Nagaishi T, Watabe T, Naruse TK, Watanabe M, Kimura A. MKL1 expressed in macrophages contributes to the development of murine colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13650. [PMID: 29057966 PMCID: PMC5651926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the megakaryoblastic leukaemia 1 (Mkl1) gene experience less severe dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, implying that Mkl1 plays a pathological role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the contribution of Mkl1 to the development of colitis remains to be elucidated. The expression of Mkl1 is higher in the colonic lamina propria macrophages (LPMac) of DSS-treated mice than in those of control mice. Therefore, we established a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses human MKL1 (MKL1-Tg) specifically in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, in order to investigate the potential role of macrophage MKL1 in the pathogenesis of colitis. MKL1-Tg mice displayed spontaneous colon shortening and rectal prolapse. Flow cytometric and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that, in MKL1-Tg mice compared to littermate controls, the population of LPMac was decreased and had an altered inflammatory phenotype indicative of impaired anti-inflammatory properties, whereas bone marrow-derived macrophages from MKL1-Tg mice skewed towards M1 polarisation. In addition, MKL1-Tg mice had higher susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis than their littermate controls. These observations indicated that MKL1 crucially contributes to the development of colitis via the regulation of the function of macrophages, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo An
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Watabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeko K Naruse
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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89
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Tang H, Zhu M, Qiao J, Fu YX. Lymphotoxin signalling in tertiary lymphoid structures and immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:809-818. [PMID: 28413217 PMCID: PMC5649108 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) often develop at sites of persistent inflammation, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. In most cases, the presence of TLS correlates with active immune responses. Because of their proximity to pathological loci, TLS are an intriguing target for the manipulation of immune responses. For several years, it has become clear that lymphotoxin (LT) signalling plays critical roles in lymphoid tissue organogenesis and maintenance. In the current review, we will discuss the role of LT signalling in the development of TLS. With a focus on cancers and autoimmune diseases, we will highlight the correlations between TLS and disease progression. We will also discuss the current efforts and potential directions for manipulating TLS for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group, Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group, Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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90
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Yadava K, Pattaroni C, Sichelstiel AK, Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES, Salami O, von Garnier C, Nicod LP, Marsland BJ. Microbiota Promotes Chronic Pulmonary Inflammation by Enhancing IL-17A and Autoantibodies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 193:975-87. [PMID: 26630356 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201504-0779oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Changes in the pulmonary microbiota are associated with progressive respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether there is a causal relationship between these changes and disease progression remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the link between an altered microbiota and disease, we used a murine model of chronic lung inflammation that is characterized by key pathological features found in COPD and compared responses in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and mice depleted of microbiota by antibiotic treatment or devoid of a microbiota (axenic). METHODS Mice were challenged with LPS/elastase intranasally over 4 weeks, resulting in a chronically inflamed and damaged lung. The ensuing cellular infiltration, histological damage, and decline in lung function were quantified. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Similar to human disease, the composition of the pulmonary microbiota was altered in diseased animals. We found that the microbiota richness and diversity were decreased in LPS/elastase-treated mice, with an increased representation of the genera Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus and a reduction in Prevotella. Moreover, the microbiota was implicated in disease development as mice depleted, or devoid, of microbiota exhibited an improvement in lung function, reduced inflammation, and lymphoid neogenesis. The absence of microbial cues markedly decreased the production of IL-17A, whereas intranasal transfer of fluid enriched with the pulmonary microbiota isolated from diseased mice enhanced IL-17A production in the lungs of antibiotic-treated or axenic recipients. Finally, in mice harboring a microbiota, neutralizing IL-17A dampened inflammation and restored lung function. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that host-microbial cross-talk promotes inflammation and could underlie the chronicity of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshika Yadava
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland.,2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Céline Pattaroni
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anke K Sichelstiel
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Trompette
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva S Gollwitzer
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olawale Salami
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; and.,4 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurent P Nicod
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- 1 Service de Pneumologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise-Université Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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91
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Choi G, Kim BS, Park YJ, Shim I, Chung Y. Clonal Expansion of Allergen-specific CD4 + T Cell in the Lung in the Absence of Lymph Nodes. Immune Netw 2017; 17:163-170. [PMID: 28680377 PMCID: PMC5484646 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells is a critical step in inducing airway inflammation during allergic asthma. Such clonal expansion of T cells is initiated through the interaction between allergen-bearing dendritic cells and allergen-specific naïve T cells in the draining lymph nodes. Whether such T cell clonal expansion also occurs in the lung, the primary organ encountering inhaled allergens, remains unclear. Compared with wild-type mice, we found similar frequencies of CD4+ T cells in the lung of lymph node-deficient Rorgtgfp/gfp mice after repeated exposure to inhaled allergens. In addition, we observed an evident population of CD4+ T cells that underwent clonal expansion in the lung of allergen-challenged mice treated with an S1P antagonist FTY720 in an in vivo proliferation study with CFSE-labeled OT-II T cells. Moreover, the expansion of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells was significantly enhanced in the lungs of Rorgtgfp/gfp mice in comparison to that of wild-type mice. These results together demonstrate that the clonal expansion of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells occurs in the absence of the lymph nodes, indicating that the lung can act as a primary site of the clonal expansion of CD4+ T cells in response to inhaled allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Choi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Inbo Shim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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92
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Tertiary lymphoid organs in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1371-1373.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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93
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Jin S, Zhao D, Cai C, Song D, Shen J, Xu A, Qiao Y, Ran Z, Zheng Q. Low-dose penicillin exposure in early life decreases Th17 and the susceptibility to DSS colitis in mice through gut microbiota modification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43662. [PMID: 28272549 PMCID: PMC5341569 DOI: 10.1038/srep43662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic exposure in early life can lead to a significant change of the gut microbiota and may contribute to later onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the relationship between early-life antibiotic treatment and IBD is ambiguous, according to contradicting results of epidemiologic studies. In the present study, we demonstrated that low-dose penicillin pre-treatment had a unique protective effect against mouse colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Low-dose penicillin also suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 in various intestinal tissues, and decreased the amount of Th17 cells in small-intestine lamina propria. Neither metronidazole nor enrofloxacin had a similar effect. We further confirmed that low-dose penicillin could cause specific changes of the gut microbiota, especially the eradication of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). Mice without SFB inoculation showed no disparity when treated with penicillin or water. Taken together, the results showed that low-dose penicillin can achieve a highly specific manipulation of sensitive bacteria and interfere with development of intestinal immune system in early life. The study may further indicate the possibility of achieving a favorable immune state among a certain group of patients with IBD, or other autoimmune diseases, by fine-tuning the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chenwen Cai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dongjuan Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Antao Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yuqi Qiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
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94
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Yin C, Mohanta S, Maffia P, Habenicht AJR. Editorial: Tertiary Lymphoid Organs (TLOs): Powerhouses of Disease Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:228. [PMID: 28321222 PMCID: PMC5337484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; BHF Centre for Excellence in Vascular Science and Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreas J R Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Germany
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95
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Eberl G. RORγt, a multitask nuclear receptor at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:27-34. [PMID: 27706126 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RORγt is a nuclear hormone receptor that has followed an exponential success carrier. Its modest origins as an orphan receptor cloned from human pancreas blossomed within 15 years into a critical regulator of anti-microbial immunity and a major target in the fight against inflammatory pathologies. Here, I review its role as a transcription factor required for the generation of type 3 lymphoid cells, which induce the development of lymphoid tissues, provide resistance of epithelial stem cells to injury, maintain homeostasis with the symbiotic microbiota, orchestrate defense against extracellular microbes, and regulate allergic responses. RORγt is also an intriguing molecule that is regulated by the circadian rhythm and includes cholesterol metabolites as ligands. RORγt therefore links anti-microbial immunity with circadian rhythms and steroids, the logic of which remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment & Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France
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96
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Koenig A, Thaunat O. Lymphoid Neogenesis and Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Transplanted Organs. Front Immunol 2016; 7:646. [PMID: 28082981 PMCID: PMC5186756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive organization of immune effectors into functional ectopic lymphoid structures, named tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO), has been observed in many conditions in which target antigens fail to be eliminated by the immune system. Not surprisingly, TLO have been recurrently identified in chronically rejected allografts. Although significant progress has been made over the last decades in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in TLO development (a process named lymphoid neogenesis), the role of intragraft TLO (if any) in chronic rejection remains elusive. The prevailing dogma is that TLO contribute to graft rejection by generating and propagating local humoral and cellular alloimmune responses. However, TLO have been recently observed in long-term accepting allografts, suggesting that they might also be able to regulate alloimmune responses. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how TLO are induced and propose a unified model in which TLO can play deleterious or regulatory roles and therefore actively modulate the kinetics of chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Koenig
- Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM UMR1111, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM UMR1111, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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97
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Abstract
The family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has attracted attention in recent years as its members are important regulators of immunity, while they can also cause pathology. In both mouse and man, ILCs were initially discovered in developing lymph nodes as lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. These cells form the prototypic members of the ILC family and play a central role in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). In the absence of LTi cells, lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's Patches (PP) fail to form in mice, although the splenic white pulp can develop normally. Besides LTi cells, the ILC family encompasses helper-like ILCs with functional distinctions as seen by T-helper cells, as well as cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells. ILCs are still present in adult SLOs where they have been shown to play a role in lymphoid tissue regeneration. Furthermore, ILCs were implicated to interact with adaptive lymphocytes and influence the adaptive immune response. Here, we review the recent literature on the role of ILCs in secondary lymphoid tissue from the formation of SLOs to mature SLOs in adults, during homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam E Bar-Ephraïm
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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98
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is not considered a formal part of the immune system, but it is critical to immunity. One of its major roles is in the coordination of the trafficking of antigen and immune cells. However, other roles in immunity are emerging. Lymphatic endothelial cells, for example, directly present antigen or express factors that greatly influence the local environment. We cover these topics herein and discuss how other properties of the lymphatic vasculature, such as mechanisms of lymphatic contraction (which immunologists traditionally do not take into account), are nonetheless integral in the immune system. Much is yet unknown, and this nascent subject is ripe for exploration. We argue that to consider the impact of lymphatic biology in any given immunological interaction is a key step toward integrating immunology with organ physiology and ultimately many complex pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
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99
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Barone F, Gardner DH, Nayar S, Steinthal N, Buckley CD, Luther SA. Stromal Fibroblasts in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Novel Target in Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:477. [PMID: 27877173 PMCID: PMC5100680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of lymphocytes, myeloid, and stromal cells that provide ectopic hubs for acquired immune responses. TLS share phenotypical and functional features with secondary lymphoid organs (SLO); however, they require persistent inflammatory signals to arise and are often observed at target sites of autoimmune disease, chronic infection, cancer, and organ transplantation. Over the past 10 years, important progress has been made in our understanding of the role of stromal fibroblasts in SLO development, organization, and function. A complex and stereotyped series of events regulate fibroblast differentiation from embryonic life in SLOs to lymphoid organ architecture observed in adults. In contrast, TLS-associated fibroblasts differentiate from postnatal, locally activated mesenchyme, predominantly in settings of inflammation and persistent antigen presentation. Therefore, there are critical differences in the cellular and molecular requirements that regulate SLO versus TLS development that ultimately impact on stromal and hematopoietic cell function. These differences may contribute to the pathogenic nature of TLS in the context of chronic inflammation and malignant transformation and offer a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions in TLS associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barone
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - David H Gardner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Saba Nayar
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Nathalie Steinthal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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100
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Yadava K, Bollyky P, Lawson MA. The formation and function of tertiary lymphoid follicles in chronic pulmonary inflammation. Immunology 2016; 149:262-269. [PMID: 27441396 PMCID: PMC5046054 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid follicles (TLFs) can develop in the respiratory tract in response to infections or chronic inflammation. However, their functional relevance remains unclear because they are implicated in both protective and pathological responses. In contrast to homeostatic conditions, external antigens and damage to the lung tissue may drive TLF formation in inflamed lungs, and once established, the presence of pulmonary TLFs may signal the progression of chronic lung disease. This novel concept will be discussed in light of recent work in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how changes in the pulmonary microbiota may drive and direct TLF formation and function. We will also discuss the cellularity of TLFs at the pulmonary mucosa, with emphasis on the potential roles of lymphoid tissue inducer cells, and B- and T-cell aggregates, and will examine the function of key chemokines and cytokines including CXCL13 and interleukin-17, in the formation and maintenance of pulmonary TLFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshika Yadava
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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