51
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Li Y, Huang X, Ding K, Sheriff HKM, Ye L, Liu H, Li CZ, Ade H, Forrest SR. Non-fullerene acceptor organic photovoltaics with intrinsic operational lifetimes over 30 years. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5419. [PMID: 34521842 PMCID: PMC8440764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have the potential of becoming a productive renewable energy technology if the requirements of low cost, high efficiency and prolonged lifetime are simultaneously fulfilled. So far, the remaining unfulfilled promise of this technology is its inadequate operational lifetime. Here, we demonstrate that the instability of NFA solar cells arises primarily from chemical changes at organic/inorganic interfaces bounding the bulk heterojunction active region. Encapsulated devices stabilized by additional protective buffer layers as well as the integration of a simple solution processed ultraviolet filtering layer, maintain 94% of their initial efficiency under simulated, 1 sun intensity, AM1.5 G irradiation for 1900 hours at 55 °C. Accelerated aging is also induced by exposure of light illumination intensities up to 27 suns, and operation temperatures as high as 65 °C. An extrapolated intrinsic lifetime of > 5.6 × 104 h is obtained, which is equivalent to 30 years outdoor exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Li
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, and Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaheng Huang
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, and Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kan Ding
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, and Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hafiz K M Sheriff
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, and Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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52
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Li Z, Qian C, Xu W, Zhu C, Yin Y. Coupling morphological and magnetic anisotropy for assembling tetragonal colloidal crystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh1289. [PMID: 34516773 PMCID: PMC8442868 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Morphological and magnetic anisotropy can be combined in colloidal assembly to create unconventional secondary structures. We show here that magnetite nanorods interact along a critical angle, depending on their aspect ratios and assemble into body-centered tetragonal colloidal crystals. Under a magnetic field, size-dependent attractive and repulsive domains develop on the ends and center of the nanorods, respectively. Our joint experiment-computational multiscale study demonstrates the presence of a critical angle in the attractive domain, which defines the equilibrium bonding states of interacting rods and leads to the formation of non–close-packed yet hard-contact tetragonal crystals. Small-angle x-ray scattering measurement attributes the perfect tetragonal phase to the slow assembly kinetics. The crystals exhibit brilliant structural colors, which can be actively tuned by changing the magnetic field direction. These highly ordered frameworks and well-defined three-dimensional nanochannels may offer new opportunities for manipulating nanoscale chemical transformation, mass transportation, and wave propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Corresponding author.
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53
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Π-GISANS: probing lateral structures with a fan shaped beam. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17786. [PMID: 34493764 PMCID: PMC8423805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed grazing incidence neutron small angle scattering using a fan shaped incident beam focused along one dimension. This allows significantly reduced counting times for measurements of lateral correlations parallel to an interface or in a thin film where limited depth resolution is required. We resolve the structure factor of iron inclusions in aluminium oxide and show that the ordering of silica particles deposited on a silicon substrate depends on their size. We report hexagonal packing for 50 nm but not for 200 nm silica spheres deposited by a modified Langmuir-Schaefer method on a silicon substrate. For the 200 nm particles we extract the particles shape from the form factor. Moreover, we report dense packing of the particles spread on a free water surface. We name this method π-GISANS to highlight that it differs from GISANS as it gives lateral information while averaging the in-depth structure.
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54
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Polymerized small molecular acceptor based all-polymer solar cells with an efficiency of 16.16% via tuning polymer blend morphology by molecular design. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5264. [PMID: 34489439 PMCID: PMC8421507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on polymerized small molecular acceptors (PSMAs) have made significant progress recently. Here, we synthesize two A-DA’D-A small molecule acceptor based PSMAs of PS-Se with benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole A’-core and PN-Se with benzotriazole A’-core, for the studies of the effect of molecular structure on the photovoltaic performance of the PSMAs. The two PSMAs possess broad absorption with PN-Se showing more red-shifted absorption than PS-Se and suitable electronic energy levels for the application as polymer acceptors in the all-PSCs with PBDB-T as polymer donor. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy visualizes the aggregation behavior of the PBDB-T donor and the PSMA in their solutions. In addition, a bicontinuous-interpenetrating network in the PBDB-T:PN-Se blend film with aggregation size of 10~20 nm is clearly observed by the photoinduced force microscopy. The desirable morphology of the PBDB-T:PN-Se active layer leads its all-PSC showing higher power conversion efficiency of 16.16%. Through development of non-fullerene acceptors, OPVs have reached efficiencies of 18%, yet the inadequate operational lifetime still poses a challenge for the commercialisation. Here, the authors investigate the origin of instability of NFA solar cells, and propose some strategies to mitigate this issue.
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55
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Wang Y, Fan Q, Wang Y, Fang J, Liu Q, Zhu L, Qiu J, Guo X, Liu F, Su W, Zhang M. Modulating Crystallinity and Miscibility via Side‐chain Variation Enable High Performance
All‐Small‐Molecule
Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Qunping Fan
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jin Fang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jinjing Qiu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wenyan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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56
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Jiang H, Shi J, Zhang L, Xiao X, Zhou W. Evolution in morphology and structure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) blending with liquid crystals under magnetic field treatment. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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57
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Chen F, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Gao M, Kirby N, Peng Z, Deng Y, Li M, Ye L. High
T
g
Polymer Insulator Yields Organic Photovoltaic Blends with Superior Thermal Stability at 150
o
C. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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58
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Loo WS, Fang C, Balsara NP, Wang R. Uncovering Local Correlations in Polymer Electrolytes by X-ray Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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59
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Zhong W, Liu F, Wang C. Probing morphology and chemistry in complex soft materials with in situresonant soft x-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:313001. [PMID: 34140434 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Small angle scattering methodologies have been evolving at fast pace over the past few decades due to the ever-increasing demands for more details on the complex nanostructures of multiphase and multicomponent soft materials like polymer assemblies and biomaterials. Currently, element-specific and contrast variation techniques such as resonant (elastic) soft/tender x-ray scattering, anomalous small angle x-ray scattering, and contrast-matching small angle neutron scattering, or combinations of above are routinely used to extract the chemical composition and spatial arrangement of constituent elements at multiple length scales and examine electronic ordering phenomena. Here we present some recent advances in selectively characterizing structural architectures of complex soft materials, which often contain multi-components with a wide range of length scales and multiple functionalities, where novel resonant scattering approaches have been demonstrated to decipher a higher level of structural complexity that correlates to functionality. With the advancement of machine learning and artificial intelligence assisted correlative analysis, high-throughput and autonomous experiments would open a new paradigm of material research. Further development of resonant x-ray scattering instrumentation with crossplatform sample environments will enable multimodalin situ/operando characterization of the system dynamics with much improved spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhong
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
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60
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Lv Q, An C, Zhang T, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhou P, He C, Hou J. Modulation of terminal alkyl chain length enables over 15% efficiency in small-molecule organic solar cells. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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61
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Leontowich AFG, Gomez A, Diaz Moreno B, Muir D, Spasyuk D, King G, Reid JW, Kim CY, Kycia S. The lower energy diffraction and scattering side-bounce beamline for materials science at the Canadian Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:961-969. [PMID: 33950004 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new diffraction beamline for materials science has been built at the Canadian Light Source synchrotron. The X-ray source is an in-vacuum wiggler with a 2.5 T peak magnetic field at 5.2 mm gap. The optical configuration includes a toroidal mirror, a single side-bounce Bragg monochromator, and a cylindrical mirror, producing a sub-150 µm vertical × 500 µm horizontal focused beam with a photon energy range of 7-22 keV and a flux of 1012 photons per second at the sample position. Three endstations are currently open to general users, and the techniques available include high-resolution powder diffraction, small molecule crystallography, X-ray reflectivity, in situ rapid thermal annealing, and SAXS/WAXS. The beamline design parameters, calculated and measured performance, and initial experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capabilities for materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F G Leontowich
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Ariel Gomez
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Beatriz Diaz Moreno
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - David Muir
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Graham King
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Joel W Reid
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Chang Yong Kim
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Stefan Kycia
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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62
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Zhan J, Wang L, Zhang M, Zhu L, Hao T, Zhou G, Zhou Z, Chen J, Zhong W, Qiu C, Leng S, Zou Y, Shi Z, Zhu H, Feng W, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu F. Manipulating Crystallization Kinetics of Conjugated Polymers in Nonfullerene Photovoltaic Blends toward Refined Morphologies and Higher Performances. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo, Shandong 256401, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo, Shandong 256401, P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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63
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Yu H, Pan M, Sun R, Agunawela I, Zhang J, Li Y, Qi Z, Han H, Zou X, Zhou W, Chen S, Lai JYL, Luo S, Luo Z, Zhao D, Lu X, Ade H, Huang F, Min J, Yan H. Regio‐Regular Polymer Acceptors Enabled by Determined Fluorination on End Groups for All‐Polymer Solar Cells with 15.2 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10137-10146. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Mingao Pan
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Indunil Agunawela
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Han Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Shangshang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Zhengzhou University Ministry of Education 450002 Zhengzhou China
| | - He Yan
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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64
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Yu H, Pan M, Sun R, Agunawela I, Zhang J, Li Y, Qi Z, Han H, Zou X, Zhou W, Chen S, Lai JYL, Luo S, Luo Z, Zhao D, Lu X, Ade H, Huang F, Min J, Yan H. Regio‐Regular Polymer Acceptors Enabled by Determined Fluorination on End Groups for All‐Polymer Solar Cells with 15.2 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Mingao Pan
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Indunil Agunawela
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Han Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Shangshang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Zhengzhou University Ministry of Education 450002 Zhengzhou China
| | - He Yan
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology–Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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Feng Y, Qi R, Jiang L, Huang Q, Li T, Liu G, Li W, Yan W, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Chemical Modification of B 4C Films and B 4C/Pd Layers Stored in Different Environments. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051319. [PMID: 33803440 PMCID: PMC7967193 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
B4C/Pd multilayers with small d-spacing can easily degrade in the air, and the exact degradation process is not clear. In this work, we studied the chemical modification of B4C films and B4C/Pd double layers stored in four different environments: a dry nitrogen environment, the atmosphere, a dry oxygen-rich environment, and a wet nitrogen environment. The XANES spectra of the B4C/Pd layers placed in a dry oxygen-rich environment showed the most significant decrease in the σ* states of the B–C bonds and an increase in the π* states of the B–O bonds compared with the other samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of the samples placed in a dry oxygen-rich environment showed more intensive B-O binding signals in the B4C/Pd layers than in the single B4C film. The results of the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed a similar decrease in the B–C bonds and an increase in the B–O bonds in the B4C/Pd layers in contrast to the single B4C film placed in a dry oxygen-rich environment. We concluded that the combination of palladium catalysis and the high content of oxygen in the environment promoted the oxidization of boron, deteriorated the B4C composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Runze Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-6598-4652
| | - Li Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qiushi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Tongzhou Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Genchang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenbin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China;
| | - Zhong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering (IPOE), School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (Y.F.); (L.J.); (Q.H.); (T.L.); (G.L.); (W.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.W.)
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66
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Dhakal P, Ferron T, Alotaibi A, Murcia V, Alqahtani O, Collins BA. Evidence for Field-Dependent Charge Separation Caused by Mixed Phases in Polymer-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1847-1853. [PMID: 33577332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As organic photovoltaic performance approaches 20% efficiencies, causal structure-performance relationships must be established for devices to realize theoretical limits and become commercially competitive. Here, we reveal evidence of a causal relationship between mixed donor-acceptor interfaces and charge generation in polymer-fullerene solar cells. To do this, we combine a holistic loss analysis of device performance with quantitative synchrotron X-ray nanocharacterization to identify a >98% anticorrelation between field-dependent geminate recombination and nanodomain purity. Importantly, our analysis eliminates other possible explanations of the performance trends, a requirement to establish causality. The unprecedented granular level of our analysis also separates field-dependent and field-independent recombination at the interface, where we find for the first time that this system is free of field-independent recombination, a loss channel that plagues high-performance systems, including those with non-fullerene acceptors. This result broadens the case that minimizing mixed phases to promote sharp interfaces between pure aggregated domains is the ideal nanostructure for realizing theoretical efficiency limits of organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Dhakal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Thomas Ferron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Awwad Alotaibi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Victor Murcia
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Obaid Alqahtani
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Physics, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian A Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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67
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Shah NJ, Dadashi-Silab S, Galluzzo MD, Chakraborty S, Loo WS, Matyjaszewski K, Balsara NP. Effect of Added Salt on Disordered Poly(ethylene oxide)-Block-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neel J. Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Saheli Chakraborty
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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68
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Jiang K, Zhang J, Peng Z, Lin F, Wu S, Li Z, Chen Y, Yan H, Ade H, Zhu Z, Jen AKY. Pseudo-bilayer architecture enables high-performance organic solar cells with enhanced exciton diffusion length. Nat Commun 2021; 12:468. [PMID: 33473135 PMCID: PMC7817662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. However, the short exciton diffusion length of the bulk heterojunction active layer in OSCs strongly hampers the full potential to be realized in these bulk heterojunction OSCs. Herein, we report high-performance OSCs with a pseudo-bilayer architecture, which possesses longer exciton diffusion length benefited from higher film crystallinity. This feature ensures the synergistic advantages of efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport in OSCs with pseudo-bilayer architecture, enabling a higher power conversion efficiency (17.42%) to be achieved compared to those with bulk heterojunction architecture (16.44%) due to higher short-circuit current density and fill factor. A certified efficiency of 16.31% is also achieved for the ternary OSC with a pseudo-bilayer active layer. Our results demonstrate the excellent potential for pseudo-bilayer architecture to be used for future OSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shengfan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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69
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Galluzzo MD, Loo WS, Schaible E, Zhu C, Balsara NP. Dynamic Structure and Phase Behavior of a Block Copolymer Electrolyte under dc Polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57421-57430. [PMID: 33307687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An important consideration when designing lithium battery electrolytes for advanced applications is how the electrolyte facilitates ion transport at fast charge and discharge rates. Large current densities are accompanied by large salt concentration gradients across the electrolyte. Nanostructured composite electrolytes have been proposed to enable the use of high energy density lithium metal anodes, but many questions about the interplay between the electrolyte morphology and the salt concentration gradient that forms under dc polarization remain unanswered. To address these questions, we use an in situ small-angle X-ray scattering technique to examine the nanostructure of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer electrolyte under dc polarization with spatial and temporal resolution. In the quiescent state, the electrolyte exhibits a lamellar morphology. The passage of ionic current in a lithium symmetric cell leads to the formation of concurrent phases: a disordered morphology near the negative electrode, lamellae in the center of the cell, and coexisting lamellae and gyroid near the positive electrode. The most surprising result of this study was obtained after the applied electric field was turned off: a current-induced gyroid phase grows in volume for 6 h in spite of the absence of an obvious driving force. We show that this reflects the formation of localized pockets of salt-dense electrolyte, termed concentration hotspots, under dc polarization. Our methods may be applied to understand the dynamic structure of composite electrolytes at appreciable current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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70
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Wang Z, Peng Z, Xiao Z, Seyitliyev D, Gundogdu K, Ding L, Ade H. Thermodynamic Properties and Molecular Packing Explain Performance and Processing Procedures of Three D18:NFA Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005386. [PMID: 33150672 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on D18:Y6 have recently exhibited a record power conversion efficiency of over 18%. The initial work is extended and the device performance of D18-based OSCs is compared with three non-fullerene acceptors, Y6, IT-4F, and IEICO-4Cl, and their molecular packing characteristics and miscibility are studied. The D18 polymer shows unusually strong chain extension and excellent backbone ordering in all films, which likely contributes to the excellent hole-transporting properties. Thermodynamic characterization indicates a room-temperature miscibility for D18:Y6 and D18:IT-4F near the percolation threshold. This corresponds to an ideal quench depth and explains the use of solvent vapor annealing rather than thermal annealing. In contrast, D18:IEICO-4Cl is a low-miscibility system with a deep quench depth during casting and poor morphology control and low performance. A failure of ternary blends with PC71 BM is likely due to the near-ideal miscibility of Y6 to begin with and indicates that strategies for developing successful ternary or quaternary solar cells are likely very different for D18 than for other high-performing donors. This work reveals several unique property-performance relations of D18-based photovoltaic devices and helps guide design or fabrication of yet higher efficiency OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zuo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dovletgeldi Seyitliyev
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kenan Gundogdu
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Liming Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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71
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Guo X, Fan Q, Wu J, Li G, Peng Z, Su W, Lin J, Hou L, Qin Y, Ade H, Ye L, Zhang M, Li Y. Optimized Active Layer Morphologies via Ternary Copolymerization of Polymer Donors for 17.6 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Fill Factor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qunping Fan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jingnan Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Guangwei Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Wenyan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Siyuan Laboratory Department of Physics Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Ji Lin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lintao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Siyuan Laboratory Department of Physics Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Department of Physics Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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72
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Liang J, Pan M, Chai G, Peng Z, Zhang J, Luo S, Han Q, Chen Y, Shang A, Bai F, Xu Y, Yu H, Lai JYL, Chen Q, Zhang M, Ade H, Yan H. Random Polymerization Strategy Leads to a Family of Donor Polymers Enabling Well-Controlled Morphology and Multiple Cases of High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003500. [PMID: 33185952 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance donor polymers is important for nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs), as state-of-the-art nonfullerene acceptors can only perform well if they are coupled with a matching donor with suitable energy levels. However, there are very limited choices of donor polymers for NF-OSCs, and the most commonly used ones are polymers named PM6 and PM7, which suffer from several problems. First, the performance of these polymers (particularly PM7) relies on precise control of their molecular weights. Also, their optimal morphology is extremely sensitive to any structural modification. In this work, a family of donor polymers is developed based on a random polymerization strategy. These polymers can achieve well-controlled morphology and high-performance with a variety of chemical structures and molecular weights. The polymer donors are D-A1-D-A2-type random copolymers in which the D and A1 units are monomers originating from PM6 or PM7, while the A2 unit comprises an electron-deficient core flanked by two thiophene rings with branched alkyl chains. Consequently, multiple cases of highly efficient NF-OSCs are achieved with efficiencies between 16.0% and 17.1%. As the electron-deficient cores can be changed to many other structural units, the strategy can easily expand the choices of high-performance donor polymers for NF-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Mingao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Gaoda Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Qi Han
- eFlexPV Limited, Jinxiu Science Park, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Fujin Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- HKUST Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Qing Chen
- HKUST Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, SAR, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, China
- eFlexPV Limited, Jinxiu Science Park, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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73
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Hu H, Ghasemi M, Peng Z, Zhang J, Rech JJ, You W, Yan H, Ade H. The Role of Demixing and Crystallization Kinetics on the Stability of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005348. [PMID: 33150638 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With power conversion efficiency now over 17%, a long operational lifetime is essential for the successful application of organic solar cells. However, most non-fullerene acceptors can crystallize and destroy devices, yet the fundamental underlying thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of acceptor crystallization have received limited attention. Here, room-temperature (RT) diffusion coefficients of 3.4 × 10-23 and 2.0 × 10-22 are measured for ITIC-2Cl and ITIC-2F, two state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors. The low coefficients are enough to provide for kinetic stabilization of the morphology against demixing at RT. Additionally profound differences in crystallization characteristics are discovered between ITIC-2F and ITIC-2Cl. The differences as observed by secondary-ion mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and microscopy can be related directly to device degradation and are attributed to the significantly different nucleation and growth rates, with a difference in the growth rate of a factor of 12 at RT. ITIC-4F and ITIC-4Cl exhibit similar characteristics. The results reveal the importance of diffusion coefficients and melting enthalpies in controlling the growth rates, and that differences in halogenation can drastically change crystallization kinetics and device stability. It is furthermore delineated how low nucleation density and large growth rates can be inferred from DSC and microscopy experiments which could be used to guide molecular design for stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeromy James Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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74
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Guo X, Fan Q, Wu J, Li G, Peng Z, Su W, Lin J, Hou L, Qin Y, Ade H, Ye L, Zhang M, Li Y. Optimized Active Layer Morphologies via Ternary Copolymerization of Polymer Donors for 17.6 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Fill Factor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2322-2329. [PMID: 33058442 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulating molecular structure to optimize the active layer morphology is of considerable significance for improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we demonstrated a simple ternary copolymerization approach to develop a terpolymer donor PM6-Tz20 by incorporating the 5,5'-dithienyl-2,2'-bithiazole (DTBTz, 20 mol%) unit into the backbone of PM6 (PM6-Tz00). This method can effectively tailor the molecular orientation and aggregation of the polymer, and then optimize the active layer morphology and the corresponding physical processes of devices, ultimately boosting FF and then PCE. Hence, the PM6-Tz20: Y6-based OSCs achieved a PCE of up to 17.1% with a significantly enhanced FF of 0.77. Using Ag (220 nm) instead of Al (100 nm) as cathode, the champion PCE was further improved to 17.6%. This work provides a simple and effective molecular design strategy to optimize the active layer morphology of OSCs for improving photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qunping Fan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jingnan Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangwei Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenyan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ji Lin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lintao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Siyuan Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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75
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Dudenas PJ, Weber AZ, Kusoglu A. Electric-field-intensity-modulated scattering as a thin-film depth probe. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720013047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Grazing-incidence X-ray scattering is a common technique to elucidate nanostructural information for thin-film samples, but depth-resolving this nanostructure is difficult using a single or few images. An in situ method to extract film thickness, the index of refraction and depth information using scattering images taken across a range of incident angles is presented here. The technique is described within the multilayer distorted-wave Born approximation and validated using two sets of polymer thin films. Angular divergence and energy resolution effects are considered, and implementation of the technique as a general beamline procedure is discussed. Electric-field-intensity-modulated scattering is a general technique applicable to myriad materials and enables the acquisition of depth-sensitive information in situ at any grazing-incidence-capable beamline.
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76
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Hou R, Li M, Ma X, Huang H, Lu H, Jia Q, Liu Y, Xu X, Li HB, Bo Z. Noncovalently Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with C2v Symmetry for Regulating the Morphology of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46220-46230. [PMID: 32938186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four noncovalently fused-ring electron acceptors p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F, o-DOC8-2F, and o-DOC2C6-2F have been designed and synthesized. p-DOC6-2F and o-DOC6-2F have the same molecular backbone but different molecular shapes and symmetries. p-DOC6-2F has an S-shaped molecular backbone and C2h symmetry, whereas o-DOC6-2F possesses a U-shaped molecular backbone and C2v symmetry. The molecular shape and symmetry can influence the dipole moment, solubility, optical absorption, energy level, molecular packing, and film morphology. Compared with the corresponding p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F exhibits better solubility, a wider band gap, and a larger dipole moment. When blended with the donor polymer PBDB-T, the C2v symmetric o-DOC6-2F can form an appropriate active layer morphology, whereas the C2h symmetric p-DOC6-2F forms oversized domains. Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F, o-DOC8-2F, and o-DOC2C6-2F obtained power conversion efficiencies of 9.23, 11.87, 11.23, and 10.80%, respectively. The result reveals that the molecular symmetry can facilely regulate the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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77
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Zhao H, Naveed HB, Lin B, Zhou X, Yuan J, Zhou K, Wu H, Guo R, Scheel MA, Chumakov A, Roth SV, Tang Z, Müller-Buschbaum P, Ma W. Hot Hydrocarbon-Solvent Slot-Die Coating Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Temperature-Dependent Aggregation Behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002302. [PMID: 32812287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made rapid progress in terms of their development as a sustainable energy source. However, record-breaking devices have not shown compatibility with large-scale production via solution processing in particular due to the use of halogenated environment-threatening solvents. Here, slot-die fabrication with processing involving hydrocarbon-based solvents is used to realize highly efficient and environmentally friendly OSCs. Highly compatible slot-die coating with roll-to-roll processing using halogenated (chlorobenzene (CB)) and hydrocarbon solvents (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and ortho-xylene (o-XY)) is used to fabricate photoactive films. Controlled solution and substrate temperatures enable similar aggregation states in the solution and similar kinetics processes during film formation. The optimized blend film nanostructures for different solvents in the highly efficient PM6:Y6 blend is adopted to show a similar morphology, which results in device efficiencies of 15.2%, 15.4%, and 15.6% for CB, TMB, and o-XY solvents. This approach is successfully extended to other donor-acceptor combinations to demonstrate the excellent universality of this method. The results combine a method to optimize the aggregation state and film formation kinetics with the fabrication of OSCs with environmentally friendly solvents by slot-die coating, which is a critical finding for the future development of OSCs in terms of their scalable production and high-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Renjun Guo
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Manuel A Scheel
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Andrei Chumakov
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22 603, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22 603, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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78
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Ye D, Rongpipi S, Kiemle SN, Barnes WJ, Chaves AM, Zhu C, Norman VA, Liebman-Peláez A, Hexemer A, Toney MF, Roberts AW, Anderson CT, Cosgrove DJ, Gomez EW, Gomez ED. Preferred crystallographic orientation of cellulose in plant primary cell walls. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4720. [PMID: 32948753 PMCID: PMC7501228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on earth, is a versatile, energy rich material found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria, algae, and tunicates. It is well established that cellulose is crystalline, although the orientational order of cellulose crystallites normal to the plane of the cell wall has not been characterized. A preferred orientational alignment of cellulose crystals could be an important determinant of the mechanical properties of the cell wall and of cellulose-cellulose and cellulose-matrix interactions. Here, the crystalline structures of cellulose in primary cell walls of onion (Allium cepa), the model eudicot Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and moss (Physcomitrella patens) were examined through grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). We find that GIWAXS can decouple diffraction from cellulose and epicuticular wax crystals in cell walls. Pole figures constructed from a combination of GIWAXS and X-ray rocking scans reveal that cellulose crystals have a preferred crystallographic orientation with the (200) and (110)/([Formula: see text]) planes preferentially stacked parallel to the cell wall. This orientational ordering of cellulose crystals, termed texturing in materials science, represents a previously unreported measure of cellulose organization and contradicts the predominant hypothesis of twisting of microfibrils in plant primary cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sintu Rongpipi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah N Kiemle
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- 123 Clapp Laboratory, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - William J Barnes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Arielle M Chaves
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Victoria A Norman
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Liebman-Peláez
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alison W Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Esther W Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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79
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Zhang C, Jiang P, Zhou X, Feng S, Bi Z, Xu X, Li C, Tang Z, Ma W, Bo Z. Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with a New Electron Acceptor Based on 3,4-(2,2-Dihexylpropylenedioxy)thiophene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40590-40598. [PMID: 32805919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a ternary blend strategy based on PBDB-T and two small molecular acceptors (IDTT-OB and IDT-PDOT-C6) is demonstrated to simultaneously improve the photocurrent and reduce the voltage loss in organic solar cells (OSCs). The improved photocurrent is partially due to a broad absorption spectrum of the active layer. In addition, we find that the ternary system possesses a higher degree of crystallinity, smaller domain size, higher domain purity, and higher and more balanced charge-carrier mobilities in comparison with the two corresponding binary systems. The reduced voltage loss in the ternary device is mainly due to a lower energy loss (Eloss) of charge carriers. We achieve a Eloss of only 0.50 eV, which is one of the lowest values reported for the ternary nonfullerene OSCs. Our results have demonstrated that all photovoltaic parameters of ternary OSCs can be simultaneously improved by elaborately selecting the three active layer components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai'e Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cuihong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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80
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Chen Z, Ma SS, Zhang K, Hu ZC, Yin QW, Huang F, Cao Y. A Near-infrared Non-fullerene Acceptor with Thienopyrrole-expanded Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene Core for Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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81
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Ding Y, Zhang X, Feng H, Ke X, Meng L, Sun Y, Guo Z, Cai Y, Jiao C, Wan X, Li C, Zheng N, Xie Z, Chen Y. Subtle Morphology Control with Binary Additives for High-Efficiency Non-Fullerene Acceptor Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27425-27432. [PMID: 32466636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adding an additive is one of the effective strategies to fine-tune active layer morphology and improve performance of organic solar cells. In this work, a binary additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 2,6-dimethoxynaphthalene (DMON) to optimize the morphology of PBDB-T:TTC8-O1-4F-based devices is reported. With the binary additive, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.22% was achieved, which is higher than those of devices using DIO (12.05%) or DMON (11.19%) individually. Comparison studies demonstrate that DIO can induce the acceptor TTC8-O1-4F to form ordered packing, while DMON can inhibit excessive aggregation of the donor and acceptor. With the synergistic effect of these two additives, the PBDB-T:TTC8-O1-4F blend film with DIO and DMON exhibits a suitable phase separation and crystallite size, leading to a high short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 23.04 mA·cm-2 and a fill factor of 0.703 and thus improved PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huanran Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Ke
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Cai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cancan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South, China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South, China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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82
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Du J, Hu K, Meng L, Angunawela I, Zhang J, Qin S, Liebman‐Pelaez A, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Ade H, Li Y. High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells: Synthesis of Polymer Acceptor by a Random Ternary Copolymerization Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15181-15185. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Indunil Angunawela
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shucheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Alex Liebman‐Pelaez
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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83
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Du J, Hu K, Meng L, Angunawela I, Zhang J, Qin S, Liebman‐Pelaez A, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Ade H, Li Y. High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells: Synthesis of Polymer Acceptor by a Random Ternary Copolymerization Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Indunil Angunawela
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shucheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Alex Liebman‐Pelaez
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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84
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Angunawela I, Nahid MM, Ghasemi M, Amassian A, Ade H, Gadisa A. The Critical Role of Materials' Interaction in Realizing Organic Field-Effect Transistors Via High-Dilution Blending with Insulating Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26239-26249. [PMID: 32410453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-performance low-band-gap polymer semiconductors are visibly colored, making them unsuitable for transparent and imperceptible electronics without reducing film thickness to the nanoscale range. Herein, we demonstrate polymer/insulator blends exhibiting favorable miscibility that improves the transparency and carrier transport in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) device. The mesoscale structures leading to more efficient charge transport in ultrathin films relevant to the realization of transparent and flexible electronic applications are explored based on thermodynamic material interaction principles in conjunction with optical and morphological studies. By blending the commodity polymer polystyrene (PS) with two high-performing polymers, PDPP3T and P (NDI2OD-T2) (known as N2200), a drastic difference in morphology and fiber network are observed due to considerable differences in the degree of thermodynamic interaction between the conjugated polymers and PS. Intrinsic material interaction behavior establishes a long-range intermolecular interaction in the PDPP3T polymer fibrillar network dispersed in the majority (80%) PS matrix resulting in a ca. 3-fold increased transistor hole mobility of 1.15 cm2 V-1 s-1 (highest = 1.5 cm2 V-1 s-1) as compared to the pristine material, while PS barely affects the electron mobility in N2200. These basic findings provide important guidelines to achieve high mobility in transparent OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indunil Angunawela
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Masrur M Nahid
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engsineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engsineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Abay Gadisa
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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85
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Chen Z, Tang Y, Lin B, Zhao H, Li T, Min T, Yan H, Ma W. Probe and Control of the Tiny Amounts of Dopants in BHJ Film Enable Higher Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25115-25124. [PMID: 32378400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To achieve efficient doping in polymer solar cells (PSCs), the dopant needs to be selectively located in the binary components of a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film according to its polarity. The rarely studied n-type dopant is thoroughly examined in a simplified planar heterojunction (PHJ) device to address its favored location in the active layer. Results show that the n-dopant distribution in the acceptor layer or at the donor/acceptor interface produces enhanced device performance, whereas it harms the device when located in the donor layer. Based on the results, the benefit of n-type doping is then transferred to the highly efficient BHJ devices via a sequential coating procedure. The performance improvement is closely linked to the variations in the dopant's location in the BHJ film, which is carefully examined by the synchrotron techniques with delicate chemical sensitivity. More interestingly, the sequential coating procedure can be easily extended to the p-doped device only by changing the dopant's polarity in the middle layer. These findings pave the way for ambipolar doping in PSCs and enable performance improvement by molecular doping within the expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yabing Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhang Zhao
- Center of Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Center of Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tai Min
- Center of Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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86
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Wu H, Bian Q, Zhao B, Zhao H, Wang L, Wang W, Cong Z, Liu J, Ma W, Gao C. Effects of the Isomerized Thiophene-Fused Ending Groups on the Performances of Twisted Non-Fullerene Acceptor-Based Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23904-23913. [PMID: 32362118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, benefiting from the merits of small-molecule acceptors (NFAs), polymer solar cells (PSCs) have achieved tremendous advances. From the perspective of the structural characteristics of the π-conjugated acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type of organic molecules, the backbone's planarity and the terminal groups and their substituents have strong influences on the performances of the constructed NFAs. Through enlarging the dihedral angle of the conjugated main chain of NFAs, a certain degree of enhancement of photovoltaic parameters has been achieved. To further probe the influences of ending groups on the performances of nonplanar NFAs, we synthesized two new NFAs i-cc23 and i-cc34 with isomerized thiophene-fused ending groups and a twisted π-conjugated main chain. Compared to i-cc23 containing the 2-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophen-4-ylidene)malononitrile ending group, the acceptor i-cc34 containing 2-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophen-4-ylidene)malononitrile has a relatively higher molar extinction coefficient, bathochromic-shifted absorption spectrum, and deepened energy levels. When mixed with PBDB-T in solar cells, the i-cc23-based device achieved an excellent open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.10 V and a moderate power conversion efficiency of 7.34%. Although the VOC of the i-cc34-related device was decreased to 0.96 V, the short-circuit current density and fill factor were improved, giving rise to an enhanced efficiency of 9.51%. Apart from the distinct photovoltaic performances, the two isomer-based devices exhibit a high radiative efficiency of 8 × 10-4, leading to a very small nonradiative loss of 0.19 V. Our results emphasize the importance of the isomerized thiophene-fused ending groups on the performances of nonplanar NFA-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, No. 168 of East Zhangba Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Qingzhen Bian
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, No. 168 of East Zhangba Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 of West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, No. 168 of South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, No. 168 of East Zhangba Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, No. 168 of East Zhangba Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Jianqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, No. 168 of East Zhangba Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 of West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, No. 168 of East Zhangba Road, Xi'an 710065, China
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87
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Dai S, Zhou J, Chandrabose S, Shi Y, Han G, Chen K, Xin J, Liu K, Chen Z, Xie Z, Ma W, Yi Y, Jiang L, Hodgkiss JM, Zhan X. High-Performance Fluorinated Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor with 3D Stacking and Exciton/Charge Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000645. [PMID: 32285551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorinated electron acceptor (FINIC) based on 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(3-fluoro-4-hexylphenyl)-indacenobis(dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene) as the electron-donating central core and 5,6-difluoro-3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-1-indanone as the electron-deficient end groups is rationally designed and synthesized. FINIC shows similar absorption profile in dilute solution to the nonfluorinated analogue INIC. However, compared with INIC, FINIC film shows red-shifted absorption, down-shifted frontier molecular orbital energy levels, enhanced crystallinity, and more ordered molecular packing. Single-crystal structure data show that FINIC molecules pack into closer 3D "network" motif through H-bonding and π-π interaction, while INIC molecules pack into incompact "honeycomb" motif through only π-π stacking. Theoretical calculations reveal that FINIC has stronger electronic coupling and more molecular interactions than INIC. FINIC has higher electron mobilities in both horizontal and vertical directions than INIC. Moreover, FINIC and INIC support efficient 3D exciton transport. PBD-SF/FINIC blend has a larger driving force for exciton splitting, more efficient charge transfer and photoinduced charge generation. Finally, the organic solar cells based on PBD-SF/FINIC blend yield power conversion efficiency of 14.0%, far exceeding that of the PBD-SF/INIC-based devices (5.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Sreelakshmi Chandrabose
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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88
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Porous Ultra-Thin Films from Photocleavable Block Copolymers: In-Situ Degradation Kinetics Study of Pore Material. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040781. [PMID: 32252242 PMCID: PMC7240414 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the major application for block copolymers to use them as separation membranes, lithographic mask, and as templates, the preparation of highly oriented nanoporous thin films requires the selective removal of the minor phase from the pores. In the scope of this study, thin film of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer with a photocleavable junction groups based on ortho-nitrobenzylester (ONB) (PS-hν-PEO) was papered via the spin coating technique followed by solvent annealing to obtain highly-ordered cylindrical domains. The polymer blocks are cleaved by means of a mild UV exposure and then the pore material is washed out of the polymer film by ultra-pure water resulting in arrays of nanoporous thin films to remove one block. The removal of the PEO materials from the pores was proven using the grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) technique. The treatment of the polymer film during the washing process was observed in real time after two different UV exposure time (1 and 4 h) in order to draw conclusions regarding the dynamics of the removal process. In-situ X-ray reflectivity measurements provide statistically significant information about the change in the layer thickness as well as the roughness and electron density of the polymer film during pore formation. 4 H UV exposure was found to be more efficient for PEO cleavage. By in-situ SFM measurements, the structure of the ultra-thin block copolymer films was also analysed and, thus, the kinetics of the washing process was elaborated. The results from both measurements confirmed that the washing procedure induces irreversible change in morphology to the surface of the thin film.
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89
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Lei L, Seyitliyev D, Stuard S, Mendes J, Dong Q, Fu X, Chen YA, He S, Yi X, Zhu L, Chang CH, Ade H, Gundogdu K, So F. Efficient Energy Funneling in Quasi-2D Perovskites: From Light Emission to Lasing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906571. [PMID: 32108964 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites with a large exciton binding energy, self-assembled quantum wells, and high quantum yield draw attention for optoelectronic device applications. Thin films of these quasi-2D perovskites consist of a mixture of domains having different dimensionality, allowing energy funneling from lower-dimensional nanosheets (high-bandgap domains) to 3D nanocrystals (low-bandgap domains). High-quality quasi-2D perovskite (PEA)2 (FA)3 Pb4 Br13 films are fabricated by solution engineering. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements are conducted to study the crystal orientation, and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements are conducted to study the charge-carrier dynamics. These data show that highly oriented 2D crystal films have a faster energy transfer from the high-bandgap domains to the low-bandgap domains (<0.5 ps) compared to the randomly oriented films. High-performance light-emitting diodes can be realized with these highly oriented 2D films. Finally, amplified spontaneous emission with a low threshold 4.16 µJ cm-2 is achieved and distributed feedback lasers are also demonstrated. These results show that it is important to control the morphology of the quasi-2D films to achieve efficient energy transfer, which is a critical requirement for light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dovletgeldi Seyitliyev
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Samuel Stuard
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Juliana Mendes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Siliang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xueping Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kenan Gundogdu
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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90
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Lu B, Chen Z, Jia B, Wang J, Ma W, Lian J, Zeng P, Qu J, Zhan X. Enhancing Performance of Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor Using Pyrrole Instead of Thiophene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14029-14036. [PMID: 32122116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Selecting suitable outermost aromatic rings of the central cores is of particular importance for the design of fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) because the direct electronic communication between the outermost aromatic rings and termini exerts a strong impact on the optoelectronic properties of FREAs. In most cases, the outermost rings of the FREA cores are thiophene. This work reported the first example of using pyrrole as the outermost rings of the core. Fused hexacyclic electron acceptor, P6IC, using pyrrole in place of the often-used thiophene as the outermost rings of the central core was synthesized. Compared with its structural analogue F6IC with thiophene as the outermost rings, P6IC exhibits a remarkably upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (P6IC: -5.43 eV, F6IC: -5.71 eV), a slightly upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level (P6IC: -3.94 eV, F6IC: -4.00 eV), 54 nm red-shifted absorption, a narrower band gap (P6IC: 1.30 eV, F6IC: 1.37 eV), and an enhanced mobility (P6IC: 8.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, F6IC: 7.4 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). Organic photovoltaic cells using PTB7-Th/P6IC as a photoactive layer exhibit an efficiency of 12.2%, far surpassing that based on PTB7-Th/F6IC active layer (5.57%). The semitransparent devices using PTB7-Th/P6IC as the active layer yield efficiency of 10.2% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 17.0%, far surpassing that based on PTB7-Th/F6IC (5.26% with an AVT of 18.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Boyu Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiarong Lian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pengju Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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91
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Tang Y, Lin B, Zhao H, Li T, Ma W, Yan H. Significance of Dopant/Component Miscibility to Efficient N-Doping in Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13021-13028. [PMID: 32081012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The uncertain dopant location in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film hinders the wide application of molecular doping in polymer solar cells (PSCs) as is in other organic devices. It is known that the interaction between the dopant and component governs the dopant distribution in the BHJ film and thus largely controls the effectiveness of molecular doping. After excluding the strong dopant/component interaction by forming the charge-transfer complex in the solution, we estimate the dopant/component miscibility by calculating the difference of Hansen's total solubility parameters (△δi-Hansen) and prove its correctness by contact angle measurements, and two model systems of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophe-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T)/poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (N2200) and poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-thiophene-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl]] (PCE10)/N2200 are selected to reveal the miscibility-photovoltaic performance relations. Only the material combination with large △δi-Hansen between the n-dopant (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)dimethylamine (N-DMBI) and the donor polymer achieves enhanced photovoltaic performance. After that, we examine the doped morphology of polymer blends. Since the polymers' crystallizations are negatively affected by N-DMBI addition, we ensure the significance of n-doping on the enhanced device performance. Besides the dopant/polymer interaction, the solvent/polymer and solvent/dopant interactions are also considered to evaluate the kinetic effect on N-DMBI distribution by drawing the ternary phase diagram. We conclude that the kinetic morphological evolution does not change the miscibility-governed N-DMBI distribution in the BHJ film. Finally, we provide a direct relationship between the N-DMBI position and the device property by fabricating the bilayer devices. The enhancement of photovoltaic performances is observed in both material systems only if the N-DMBI distributes in N2200. Our work outlines a basis for using the dopant/component interaction and ternary phase diagram to predict the dopant distribution before extensive experiments. It significantly reduces the trial-and-error work and increases the reliability of molecularly doped PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhang Zhao
- Center of Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Center of Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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92
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Chintapalli M, Timachova K, Olson KR, Mecham SJ, DeSimone JM, Balsara NP. Lithium Salt Distribution and Thermodynamics in Electrolytes Based on Short Perfluoropolyether- block-Poly(ethylene oxide) Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahati Chintapalli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ksenia Timachova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sue J. Mecham
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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93
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Pröller S, Filonik O, Eller F, Mansi S, Zhu C, Schaible E, Hexemer A, Müller-Buschbaum P, Herzig EM. Electrophoresis Assisted Printing: A Method To Control the Morphology in Organic Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5219-5225. [PMID: 31951113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A major advantage of organic solar cells (OSC) is the processability out of solution allowing for advanced printing methods toward large-scale production. Controlling the blend morphology of solution coated active layers is a key challenge to optimize their power conversion efficiency. We have derived a printing procedure from an industrial coating process that facilitates tuning the nanomorphology of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as model system for OSCs. Applying an electric field during printing and the film drying process modifies the vertical film composition of the photoactive layer and optimizes the polymer crystal orientation. The choice of chloroform as solvent allows us to obtain material transport within the wet film, due to an induced electrophoretic mobility. Tailoring the morphology improves the power conversion efficiency of the OSCs by up to 25%. Our findings indicate that electrophoresis assisted printing provides an efficient approach to optimize the active layer for various material and solvent combinations that exhibit an electrophoretic mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Pröller
- Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Oliver Filonik
- Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Fabian Eller
- Physikalisches Institut, Lehrstuhl für Dynamik und Strukturbildung , Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstr. 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Salma Mansi
- Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum , Lichtenbergstr. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Eva M Herzig
- Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4a , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Lehrstuhl für Dynamik und Strukturbildung , Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstr. 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
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94
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Gao KW, Jiang X, Hoffman ZJ, Sethi GK, Chakraborty S, Villaluenga I, Balsara NP. Optimizing the monomer structure of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for ion transport in hybrid organic–inorganic block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Zach J. Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Gurmukh K. Sethi
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Saheli Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Irune Villaluenga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
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95
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Wu H, Zhao B, Zhao H, Wang L, Wang W, Cong Z, Liu J, Ma W, Gao C. Effects of Monofluorinated Positions at the End-Capping Groups on the Performances of Twisted Non-Fullerene Acceptor-Based Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:789-797. [PMID: 31801347 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, main-chain twisted small molecules are attractive as electron-acceptors in polymer solar cells (PSCs) for their upshifted molecular energy levels, enhanced extinction coefficients, and better charge extraction properties along with longer carrier lifetimes and lower recombination rates relative to their planar analogues, which are conducive to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) promotion of PSCs. To further probe the "structure-performance" correlation of main-chain twisted acceptors, in particular the monofluorine-substituted sites on the performances of the resultant acceptors, two new main-chain twisted small molecules were synthesized, in which a fluorine atom was introduced at different sites on the end-capping group 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (INCN). Although fine structural modification was adopted, quite different performances were obtained for the two acceptors. Compared to the 3-fluorinated analogue (i-IEICO-F3), a mixture of 4-fluorinated and 5-fluorinated isomers (i-IEICO-2F) exhibited a higher dipole moment, enlarged molar extinction coefficient with a bathochromic-shifted absorption region, suppressed charge recombinations with balanced charge mobilities, and slightly enhanced crystallinity. In combination with a fluorobenzotriazole-based medium-band gap polymer (J52), a high efficiency of 12.86% was resultantly achieved in an i-IEICO-2F-based device, which is superior to the result (7.65%) of the i-IEICO-F3 device, revealing the importance of monofluorinated positions on the performances of main-chain twisted non-fullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No. 28 of West Xianning Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Xi'an University , No. 168 of South Taibai Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Jianqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No. 28 of West Xianning Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
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96
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Shadpour S, Nemati A, Salamończyk M, Prévôt ME, Liu J, Boyd NJ, Wilson MR, Zhu C, Hegmann E, Jákli AI, Hegmann T. Missing Link between Helical Nano- and Microfilaments in B4 Phase Bent-Core Liquid Crystals, and Deciphering which Chiral Center Controls the Filament Handedness. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905591. [PMID: 31885139 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The range of possible morphologies for bent-core B4 phase liquid crystals has recently expanded from helical nanofilaments (HNFs) and modulated HNFs to dual modulated HNFs, helical microfilaments, and heliconical-layered nanocylinders. These new morphologies are observed when one or both aliphatic side chains contain a chiral center. Here, the following questions are addressed: which of these two chiral centers controls the handedness (helicity) and which morphology of the nanofilaments is formed by bent-core liquid crystals with tris-biphenyl diester core flanked by two chiral 2-octyloxy side chains? The combined results reveal that the longer arm of these nonsymmetric bent-core liquid crystals controls the handedness of the resulting dual modulated HNFs. These derivatives with opposite configuration of the two chiral side chains now feature twice as large dimensions compared to the homochiral derivatives with identical configuration. These results are supported by density functional theory calculations and stochastic dynamic atomistic simulations, which reveal that the relative difference between the para- and meta-sides of the described series of compounds drives the variation in morphology. Finally, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data also uncover the new morphology for B4 phases featuring p2/m symmetry within the filaments and less pronounced crystalline character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Shadpour
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Ahlam Nemati
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | | | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Nicola J Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Antal I Jákli
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
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97
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Zhao H, Zhang L, Naveed HB, Lin B, Zhao B, Zhou K, Gao C, Zhang C, Wang C, Ma W. Processing-Friendly Slot-Die-Cast Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Optimized Morphology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42392-42402. [PMID: 31638367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of spin-coated organic solar cells (OSCs) have increased rapidly in recent years. However, spin-coating shows poor reproducibility for large-scale production. Slot-die coating, a lab-scale version of roll-to-roll fabrication, has been considered as the most suitable technique for the production of future large-area commercial devices. For this, the highly efficient slot-die-fabricated devices are required to approach the performance of spin-cast OSCs. We present here, a nonfullerene OSC device utilizing the PBDB-T/i-IEICO-4F blend, fabricated by slot-die coating without post-treatment in the ambient conditions. The device showed an impressive PCE of 12.5%, which is one of the highest reported performance for slot-die-coated OSC devices. Compared to the spin-coated and blade-coated films with optimized thermal annealing time, the films fabricated by slot-die coating (without any treatment) exhibit not only the highest degree of crystallinity and face-on orientation but also the smallest domain size and the purest phase toward enhanced and balanced carrier mobilities. An enhanced excited-state charge generation has been attributed to transient charge kinetics using ultrafast spectroscopic signatures. The optimized slot-die-coated devices exhibit excellent tolerance for the increased thickness of the photoactive layer, attributing to favorable molecular packing. We used slot-die coating as a simple fabrication technique, which is capable of yielding highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Cankun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
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98
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Zhang S, Ma L, Ye L, Qin Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhao W, Ade H, Yao H, Hou J. Modulation of Building Block Size in Conjugated Polymers with D–A Structure for Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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99
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Dudenas PJ, Kusoglu A. Evolution of Ionomer Morphology from Dispersion to Film: An in Situ X-ray Study. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Dudenas
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Conversion Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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100
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Heveran CM, Schurman CA, Acevedo C, Livingston EW, Howe D, Schaible EG, Hunt HB, Rauff A, Donnelly E, Carpenter RD, Levi M, Lau AG, Bateman TA, Alliston T, King KB, Ferguson VL. Chronic kidney disease and aging differentially diminish bone material and microarchitecture in C57Bl/6 mice. Bone 2019; 127:91-103. [PMID: 31055118 PMCID: PMC6760860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease of aging and increases fracture risk over advanced age alone. Aging and CKD differently impair bone turnover and mineralization. We thus hypothesize that the loss of bone quality would be greatest with the combination of advanced age and CKD. We evaluated bone from young adult (6 mo.), middle-age (18 mo.), and old (24 mo.) male C57Bl/6 mice three months following either 5/6th nephrectomy, to induce CKD, or Sham procedures. CKD exacerbated losses of cortical and trabecular microarchitecture associated with aging. Aging and CKD each resulted in thinner, more porous cortices and fewer and thinner trabeculae. Bone material quality was also reduced with CKD, and these changes to bone material were distinct from those due to age. Aging reduced whole-bone flexural strength and modulus, micrometer-scale nanoindentation modulus, and nanometer-scale tissue and collagen strain (small-angle x-ray scattering [SAXS]. By contrast, CKD reduced work to fracture and variation in bone tissue modulus and composition (Raman spectroscopy), and increased percent collagen strain. The increased collagen strain burden was associated with loss of toughness in CKD. In addition, osteocyte lacunae became smaller, sparser, and more disordered with age for Sham mice, yet these age-related changes were not clearly observed in CKD. However, for CKD, larger lacunae positively correlated with increased serum phosphate levels, suggesting that osteocytes play a role in systemic mineral homeostasis. This work demonstrates that CKD reduces bone quality, including microarchitecture and bone material properties, and that loss of bone quality with age is compounded by CKD. These findings may help reconcile why bone mass does not consistently predict fracture in the CKD population, as well as why older individuals with CKD are at high risk of fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Eric W Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Danielle Howe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States of America
| | - Eric G Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Heather B Hunt
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Adam Rauff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - R Dana Carpenter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Anthony G Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ted A Bateman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Karen B King
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America.
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