51
|
Noratto GD, Lage NN, Chew BP, Mertens-Talcott SU, Talcott ST, Pedrosa ML. Non-anthocyanin phenolics in cherry (Prunus avium L.) modulate IL-6, liver lipids and expression of PPARδ and LXRs in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Food Chem 2018; 266:405-414. [PMID: 30381205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich cherries are known for preventing/decreasing risk factors associated with obesity; however, the specific benefits exerted by cherry non-anthocyanin phenolics are not clear. Obese diabetic (db/db) mice fed a diet supplemented with anthocyanin-depleted cherry powder (cherry) were compared to db/db (obese) or lean counterparts (lean) fed a control isocaloric diet for 12 weeks. The reduced plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and improved liver health may be mediated by cherry fibre and non-anthocyanin phenolics. Benefits for liver health included reduction of lipids and protein carbonyls, and modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ mRNA to resemble levels in lean. Lack of plasma antilipidemic, improvement of antioxidant defenses, and PPARα/γ mRNA modulation in liver suggest cherry anthocyanins specific benefits. This is the first study to elucidate in vivo the potential benefits of cherry non-anthocyanin phenolics for diabetes-induced liver disorders and the importance of choosing processing technologies that preserve anthocyanins and health benefits of whole cherries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana D Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Nara N Lage
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boon P Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maria L Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Kirakosyan A, Gutierrez E, Ramos Solano B, Seymour EM, Bolling SF. The inhibitory potential of Montmorency tart cherry on key enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Food Chem 2018; 252:142-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
53
|
Ayoub HM, McDonald MR, Sullivan JA, Tsao R, Meckling KA. Proteomic Profiles of Adipose and Liver Tissues from an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome Fed Purple Vegetables. Nutrients 2018; 10:E456. [PMID: 29642414 PMCID: PMC5946241 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder that predisposes an individual to Cardiovascular Diseases and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Proteomics and bioinformatics have proven to be an effective tool to study complex diseases and mechanisms of action of nutrients. We previously showed that substitution of the majority of carbohydrate in a high fat diet by purple potatoes (PP) or purple carrots (PC) improved insulin sensitivity and hypertension in an animal model of MetS (obese Zucker rats) compared to a control sucrose-rich diet. In the current study, we used TMT 10plex mass tag combined with LC-MS/MS technique to study proteomic modulation in the liver (n = 3 samples/diet) and adipose tissue (n = 3 samples/diet) of high fat diet-fed rats with or without substituting sucrose for purple vegetables, followed by functional enrichment analysis, in an attempt to elucidate potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic changes seen with purple vegetable feeding. Protein folding, lipid metabolism and cholesterol efflux were identified as the main modulated biological themes in adipose tissue, whereas lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress were the main modulated themes in liver. We propose that enhanced protein folding, increased cholesterol efflux and higher free fatty acid (FFA) re-esterification are mechanisms by which PP and PC positively modulate MetS pathologies in adipose tissue, whereas, decreased de novo lipogenesis, oxidative stress and FFA uptake, are responsible for the beneficial effects in liver. In conclusion, we provide molecular evidence for the reported metabolic health benefits of purple carrots and potatoes and validate that these vegetables are good choices to replace other simple carbohydrate sources for better metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Ayoub
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Mary Ruth McDonald
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - James Alan Sullivan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Jayarathne S, Koboziev I, Park OH, Oldewage-Theron W, Shen CL, Moustaid-Moussa N. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Obesity Properties of Food Bioactive Components: Effects on Adipose Tissue. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:251-262. [PMID: 29333376 PMCID: PMC5758087 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic and costly disease affecting 13% of the adult population worldwide. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia, as well as pathologic endocrine alterations of adipose tissue including local and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, this inflammation is a risk factor for both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. Basic and clinical studies demonstrate that foods containing bioactive compounds are capable of preventing both obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, improving obesity-associated MetS in human subjects and animal models of obesity. In this review, we discuss the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory protective effects of some bioactive polyphenols of plant origin and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, available for the customers worldwide from commonly used foods and/or as components of commercial food supplements. We review how these bioactive compounds modulate cell signaling including through the nuclear factor-κB, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, toll-like receptors, and G-protein coupled receptor 120 intracellular signaling pathways and improve the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators secreted by adipose tissue and subsequently lower systemic inflammation and risk for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasika Jayarathne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
| | - Iurii Koboziev
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
| | - Oak-Hee Park
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79415,
USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
- College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Lee YM, Yoon Y, Yoon H, Park HM, Song S, Yeum KJ. Dietary Anthocyanins against Obesity and Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101089. [PMID: 28974032 PMCID: PMC5691706 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity, due to its associated chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases and cancer. Thus, targeting inflammation is an attractive strategy to counter the burden of obesity-induced health problems. Recently, food-derived bioactive compounds have been spotlighted as a regulator against various chronic diseases due to their low toxicity, as opposed to drugs that induce severe side effects. Here we describe the beneficial effects of dietary anthocyanins on obesity-induced metabolic disorders and inflammation. Red cabbage microgreen, blueberry, blackcurrant, mulberry, cherry, black elderberry, black soybean, chokeberry and jaboticaba peel contain a variety of anthocyanins including cyanidins, delphinidins, malvidins, pelargonidins, peonidins and petunidins, and have been reported to alter both metabolic markers and inflammatory markers in cells, animals, and humans. This review discusses the interplay between inflammation and obesity, and their subsequent regulation via the use of dietary anthocyanins, suggesting an alternative dietary strategy to ameliorate obesity and obesity associated chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Young Yoon
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Haelim Yoon
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Min Park
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Sooji Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Ayoub HM, McDonald MR, Sullivan JA, Tsao R, Platt M, Simpson J, Meckling KA. The Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Vegetable Diets on Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Zucker Rats. J Med Food 2017; 20:1240-1249. [PMID: 28956702 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of highly colored fruits and vegetables rich in anthocyanins has been associated with numerous health benefits. Purple carrots (PC) and purple potatoes (PP) have higher anthocyanin concentrations and higher biological activities compared with less pigmented cultivars. We hypothesized that substitution of the majority of carbohydrate in a high fat diet with PP or PC, for 8 weeks, would improve insulin resistance and hypertension, major components of metabolic syndrome, compared with orange carrots (OC), white potatoes (WP) or a control, high fat, sucrose-rich diet (HFD) in obese Zucker rats. After 8 weeks of feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT), and invasive hemodynamic tests were performed. The PP group had better glucose tolerance compared with the WP and the HFD groups and higher insulin sensitivity as measured by the ipITT and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = .018) compared with the HFD without having any effect on blood pressure. The PC reduced left ventricular pressure compared with both the HFD (P = .01) and the OC (P = .049) groups and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with the HFD group (P = .01 and <.0001, respectively) without having any effect on glucose homeostasis. The PC animals consumed more and were more obese than other groups, possibly obscuring any benefit of this vegetable on glucose tolerance. The bioactives in the vegetables responsible for blood pressure and glucose homeostasis could be different, and their effects could be independent of each other. The specific bioactives of each vegetable and their molecular targets remain to be identified. Nonetheless, incorporation of purple vegetables in functional food products may provide metabolic/cardiovascular benefits in the background of a high-fat diet that promotes obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Ayoub
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Mary Ruth McDonald
- 2 Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Rong Tsao
- 3 Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph, Canada
| | - Mathew Platt
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Jeremy Simpson
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Jamar G, Estadella D, Pisani LP. Contribution of anthocyanin-rich foods in obesity control through gut microbiota interactions. Biofactors 2017; 43:507-516. [PMID: 28504479 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and a number of metabolic disorders. Distal gut microbes' content (microbiota) is not yet fully understood but evidence shows that it is influenced by internal and external factors that modulate its composition and function. The evidence that gut microbiota composition can differ between healthy and obese individuals, as well as for those who maintain specific dietary habits, has led to the study of this environmental factor as a key link between the pathophysiology of obesity and gut microbiota. Data obtained about the role of anthocyanins (ACNs) in microbiota may lead to different strategies to manipulate bacterial populations and promote health. Anthocyanins have been identified as modulators of gut microbiota that contribute to obesity control and these bioactive compounds should be considered to have a prebiotic action. This review addresses the relevance of knowledge about the influence of anthocyanins-rich food consumption on microbiota, and their health-promoting potential in the pathophysiology of obesity. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):507-516, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Jamar
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Thangthaeng N, Poulose SM, Gomes SM, Miller MG, Bielinski DF, Shukitt-Hale B. Tart cherry supplementation improves working memory, hippocampal inflammation, and autophagy in aged rats. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:393-404. [PMID: 27578256 PMCID: PMC5266225 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of debilitating diseases and improved cognition in aged populations. These beneficial effects have been attributed to the phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, which have previously been shown to be anti-inflammatory and modulate autophagy. Tart cherries contain a variety of potentially beneficial phytochemicals; however, little research has been done to investigate the effects of tart cherry on the aging brain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if tart cherry supplementation can improve cognitive and motor function of aged rats via modulation of inflammation and autophagy in the brain. Thirty 19-month-old male Fischer 344 rats were weight-matched and assigned to receive either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 2 % Montmorency tart cherry. After 6 weeks on the diet, rats were given a battery of behavioral tests to assess for strength, stamina, balance, and coordination, as well as learning and working memory. Although no significant effects were observed on tests of motor performance, tart cherry improved working memory of aged rats. Following behavioral testing, the hippocampus was collected for western/densitometric analysis of inflammatory (GFAP, NOX-2, and COX-2) and autophagy (phosphorylated mTOR, Beclin 1, and p62/SQSTM) markers. Tart cherry supplementation significantly reduced inflammatory markers and improved autophagy function. Daily consumption of tart cherry reduced age-associated inflammation and promoted protein/cellular homeostasis in the hippocampus, along with improvements in working memory. Therefore, addition of tart cherry to the diet may promote healthy aging and/or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nopporn Thangthaeng
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Shibu M Poulose
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stacey M Gomes
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Marshall G Miller
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Donna F Bielinski
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Reis JF, Monteiro VVS, de Souza Gomes R, do Carmo MM, da Costa GV, Ribera PC, Monteiro MC. Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Transl Med 2016; 14:315. [PMID: 27846846 PMCID: PMC5111351 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these polyphenols have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles as well as decreased comorbidities. Human intervention studies using berries, vegetables, parts of plants and cereals (either fresh or as juice) or purified anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoproteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia as well as reduced levels of CVD molecular biomarkers. This review discusses the use of anthocyanins in animal models and their applications in human medicine, as dietary supplements or as new potent drugs against cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Ferreira Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaelli de Souza Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Moraes do Carmo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Glauber Vilhena da Costa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Paula Cardoso Ribera
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Tart Cherry Extracts Reduce Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Signaling in Microglial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040033. [PMID: 27669317 PMCID: PMC5187531 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tart cherries contain an array of polyphenols that can decrease inflammation and oxidative stress (OS), which contribute to cognitive declines seen in aging populations. Previous studies have shown that polyphenols from dark-colored fruits can reduce stress-mediated signaling in BV-2 mouse microglial cells, leading to decreases in nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Thus, the present study sought to determine if tart cherries—which improved cognitive behavior in aged rats—would be efficacious in reducing inflammatory and OS signaling in HAPI rat microglial cells. Cells were pretreated with different concentrations (0–1.0 mg/mL) of Montmorency tart cherry powder for 1–4 h, then treated with 0 or 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) overnight. LPS application increased extracellular levels of NO and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and intracellular levels of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Pretreatment with tart cherry decreased levels of NO, TNF-α, and COX-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner versus those without pretreatment; the optimal combination was between 0.125 and 0.25 mg/mL tart cherry for 2 h. Higher concentrations of tart cherry powder and longer exposure times negatively affected cell viability. Therefore, tart cherries (like other dark-colored fruits), may be effective in reducing inflammatory and OS-mediated signals.
Collapse
|
61
|
Dietary Phytochemicals: Natural Swords Combating Inflammation and Oxidation-Mediated Degenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5137431. [PMID: 27721914 PMCID: PMC5046019 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5137431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cumulatively, degenerative disease is one of the most fatal groups of diseases, and it contributes to the mortality and poor quality of life in the world while increasing the economic burden of the sufferers. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the major pathogenic causes of degenerative diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although a number of synthetic medications are used to treat these diseases, none of the current regimens are completely safe. Phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenes) from natural products such as dietary fruits, vegetables, and spices are potential sources of alternative medications to attenuate the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with degenerative diseases. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, some of these active compounds have shown good promise for development into novel agents for treating RA, DM, and CVD by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, phytochemicals from natural products with the potential of ameliorating degenerative disease involving the bone, metabolism, and the heart are described.
Collapse
|
62
|
Tsuda T. Recent Progress in Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Effect of Berries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020013. [PMID: 27058561 PMCID: PMC4931534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are rich in polyphenols such as anthocyanins. Various favorable functions of berries cannot be explained by their anti-oxidant properties, and thus, berries are now receiving great interest as food ingredients with “beyond antioxidant” functions. In this review, we discuss the potential health benefits of anthocyanin-rich berries, with a focus on prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. To better understand the physiological functionality of berries, the exact molecular mechanism of their anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effect should be clarified. Additionally, the relationship of metabolites and degradation products with health benefits derived from anthocyanins needs to be elucidated. The preventive effects of berries and anthocyanin-containing foods on the metabolic syndrome are not always supported by findings of interventional studies in humans, and thus further studies are necessary. Use of standardized diets and conditions by all research groups may address this problem. Berries are tasty foods that are easy to consume, and thus, investigating their health benefits is critical for health promotion and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Collins B, Hoffman J, Martinez K, Grace M, Lila MA, Cockrell C, Nadimpalli A, Chang E, Chuang CC, Zhong W, Mackert J, Shen W, Cooney P, Hopkins R, McIntosh M. A polyphenol-rich fraction obtained from table grapes decreases adiposity, insulin resistance and markers of inflammation and impacts gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:150-65. [PMID: 27133434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if consuming an extractable or nonextractable fraction of table grapes reduced the metabolic consequences of consuming a high-fat, American-type diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat (LF) diet, a high fat (HF) diet, or an HF diet containing whole table grape powder (5% w/w), an extractable, polyphenol-rich (HF-EP) fraction, a nonextractable, polyphenol-poor (HF-NEP) fraction or equal combinations of both fractions (HF-EP+NEP) from grape powder for 16weeks. Mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets had lower percentages of body fat and amounts of white adipose tissue (WAT) and improved glucose tolerance compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diet had lower liver weights and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diets had higher hepatic mRNA levels of hormone sensitive lipase and adipose TG lipase, and decreased expression of c-reactive protein compared to the HF-fed controls. In epididymal (visceral) WAT, the expression levels of several inflammatory genes were lower in mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF diets had increased myeloperoxidase activity and impaired localization of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in ileal mucosa compared to the HF-EP and HF-NEP diets. Several of these treatment effects were associated with alterations in gut bacterial community structure. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the polyphenol-rich, EP fraction from table grapes attenuated many of the adverse health consequences associated with consuming an HF diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Jessie Hoffman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | | | - Mary Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NCSU-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NCSU-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Chase Cockrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Jessica Mackert
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Paula Cooney
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Michael McIntosh
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Papp N, Blázovics A, Fébel H, Salido S, Altarejos J, Fehér E, Kocsis I, Szentmihályi K, Abrankó L, Hegedűs A, Stefanovits-Bányai É. Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Sour Cherries Characterized by Different In Vitro Antioxidant Power and Polyphenolic Composition. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:408-413. [PMID: 26449220 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to clarify in vivo effects of three sour cherry cultivars characterized by different polyphenolic composition in hyperlipidemic animals in a short term experiment. The three different sour cherry cultivars were chosen based on their total in vitro antioxidant capacity, total polyphenolic, monomeric anthocyanin and flavonoid content. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into eight groups: rats kept on normal diet (control) and normal diet supplied with sour cherry powder of one of the three cultivars; others were kept on fat-rich diet and fat-rich diet supplied with sour cherry powder prepared from one of the three cultivars. The treatment lasted 10 days. Lyophilized sour cherry administered in the diet decreased both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, and increased the HDL cholesterol concentration in sera of hyperlipidemic animals. Significant differences were found in the efficacy of different sour cherry cultivars in case of hyperlipidemia. Sour cherries characterized by higher polyphenol content seem to have a more pronounced effect on serum cholesterol levels. Our results suggest that besides anthocyanins, colourless polyphenols also have lipid lowering effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Papp
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, Villányi street 29-43, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Extension and Development, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi street 138, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Blázovics
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői street 26, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Gesztenyés street 1, Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Sofía Salido
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Erzsébet Fehér
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó street 58, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kocsis
- Central Laboratory Pest, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Szentmihályi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 286, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Abrankó
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, Villányi street 29-43, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Hegedűs
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, Villányi street 29-43, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Stefanovits-Bányai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, Villányi street 29-43, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Celli GB, Ghanem A, Brooks MSL. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) using Response Surface Methodology. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:449-455. [PMID: 26186866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) are a rich source of bioactive molecules. As such, the extraction of anthocyanins is important for the development of many value-added products and functional food ingredients. In this paper, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of anthocyanins from haskap berries was investigated. Significant independent variables were screened and optimized using Plackett-Burman (PB) and Box-Behnken (BB) designs, respectively. The mathematical model showed a high coefficient of determination (R(2)=0.9396) and the optimum conditions for the extraction were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 25:1 (mL/g), solvent composition of 80% ethanol, addition of 0.5% formic acid, ultrasound bath temperature of 35°C for 20 min. Under these conditions, the total anthocyanin content of 22.73 mg cyaniding 3-glucoside equivalents (C3G)/g dry weight (DW) was consistent with the predicted response of 22.45 mg C3G/g DW from the model (mean error of 1.28%). Five anthocyanins were identified in the optimized extract, namely cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, and peonidin 3-glucoside. Thus, UAE is a suitable technique for the extraction of anthocyanins from haskap berries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bonat Celli
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Amyl Ghanem
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Marianne Su-Ling Brooks
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Jiang X, Guo H, Shen T, Tang X, Yang Y, Ling W. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside Purified from Black Rice Protects Mice against Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride via Inhibiting Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6221-6230. [PMID: 26073547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-G), a predominant anthocyanin, could exert a protective role on liver injury and its further mechanisms of the anti-fibrosis actions in mice. The results demonstrated that the treatment of Cy-3-G (800 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks significantly attenuated hepatotoxicity and fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered mice. Cy-3-G strongly down-regulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), which showed its suppression effect on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In addition, Cy-3-G favorably regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver. Furthermore, Cy-3-G ameliorated the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and leukocytes and meanwhile suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. In conclusion, daily intake of Cy-3-G could prevent liver fibrosis progression in mice induced by CCl4 through inhibiting HSC activation, which provides a basis for clinical practice of liver fibrosis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- †Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghui Guo
- §Department of Nutrition, Henry Fok School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianran Shen
- †Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilan Tang
- †Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- †Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- †Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- ‡Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Kirakosyan A, Seymour EM, Wolforth J, McNish R, Kaufman PB, Bolling SF. Tissue bioavailability of anthocyanins from whole tart cherry in healthy rats. Food Chem 2015; 171:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
68
|
Seymour EM, Warber SM, Kirakosyan A, Noon KR, Gillespie B, Uhley VE, Wunder J, Urcuyo DE, Kaufman PB, Bolling SF. Anthocyanin pharmacokinetics and dose-dependent plasma antioxidant pharmacodynamics following whole tart cherry intake in healthy humans. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
69
|
Ogah O, Watkins CS, Ubi BE, Oraguzie NC. Phenolic compounds in Rosaceae fruit and nut crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9369-86. [PMID: 25198667 DOI: 10.1021/jf501574q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The demand for new fruit cultivars with high levels of phytochemicals, in particular phenolic compounds, has received increasing attention from biochemists, pharmaceutical companies, plant breeders, and the general public due to their health benefits. This review focuses on the economically important Rosaceae, which contains varying proportions and concentrations of these compounds. The paper discusses the common phenolics in the Rosaceae including phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanins, and dihydrochalcones. The nonextractable phenolics are also presented but not discussed in detail. The metabolism and bioavailability of phenolics, as well as human and environmental factors that affect their concentration and composition, are highlighted. Furthermore, the paper presents different approaches for biofortification and posits that breeding may be the most viable and sustainable option as it improves other fruit quality traits simultaneously and increases confidence in adoption of new cultivars with enhanced consumer appeal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onwuchekwa Ogah
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University - Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center , 24106 North Bunn Road, Prosser, Washington 99350, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Azizi F. Functional foods-based diet as a novel dietary approach for management of type 2 diabetes and its complications: A review. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:267-281. [PMID: 24936248 PMCID: PMC4058731 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a complicated metabolic disorder with both short- and long-term undesirable complications. In recent years, there has been growing evidence that functional foods and their bioactive compounds, due to their biological properties, may be used as complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we have highlighted various functional foods as missing part of medical nutrition therapy in diabetic patients. Several in vitro, animal models and some human studies, have demonstrated that functional foods and nutraceuticals may improve postprandial hyperglycemia and adipose tissue metabolism modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Functional foods may also improve dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory processes and subsequently could prevent the development of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. In conclusion available data indicate that a functional foods-based diet may be a novel and comprehensive dietary approach for management of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
71
|
Lee JE, Cho SM, Park E, Lee SM, Kim Y, Auh JH, Choi HK, Lim S, Lee SC, Kim JH. Anti-inflammatory effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel through inhibition of NF-κB and MAP Kinase. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:501-8. [PMID: 25324928 PMCID: PMC4198961 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.5.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Rubus Coreanus Miquel (RCM), used as a traditional Korean medicine, reduces chronic inflammatory diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. However, its mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we examine the anti-inflammatory effects of RCM and their possible mechanisms using RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Unripe RCM ethanol extract (UE), unripe RCM water extract (UH), ripe RCM ethanol extract (RE), and ripe RCM water extract (RH) were prepared. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and NO and PGE2 productions were assessed. To determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RCM, we measured NF-κB and MAPK activities. RESULTS UE and UH treatment significantly reduced NF-κB activation and JNK and p38 phosphorylation and reduced transcriptional activities decreased iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions, and NO and PGE2 productions. RE and RH treatments reduced IL-1β and IL-6 expressions through suppressions of JNK and p38 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we showed that RCM had anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of pro-inflammatory mediator expressions. Especially, unripe RCM showed strong anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation. These findings suggest that unripe RCM might be used as a potential functional material to reduce chronic inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Soo-Muk Cho
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Rural Development Administration, Gyeonggi 441-853, Korea
| | - Eunkyo Park
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei Universiy, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Joong Hyuck Auh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 456-756, Korea
| | | | - Sohee Lim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Kruger MJ, Davies N, Myburgh KH, Lecour S. Proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and cardiovascular diseases. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
73
|
Graf D, Seifert S, Bub A, Fröhling B, Dold S, Unger F, Römpp A, Watzl B. Anthocyanin-rich juice does not affect gut-associated immunity in Fischer rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1753-61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Graf
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Stephanie Seifert
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bettina Fröhling
- Geisenheim Research Center; Department of Wine Analysis and Beverage Technology; Geisenheim Germany
| | - Sebastian Dold
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Franziska Unger
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Vendrame S, Daugherty A, Kristo AS, Riso P, Klimis-Zacas D. Wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption improves inflammatory status in the obese Zucker rat model of the metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1508-12. [PMID: 23465589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health problem in the United States. Chronic inflammation is a critical component of the MetS, leading to dramatically increased risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the ability of a wild-blueberry-enriched diet to improve the proinflammatory status associated with MetS in the obese Zucker rat (OZR). Circulating levels of key inflammatory markers and their expression in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue were examined in OZR and its genetic control, the lean Zucker rat (LZR), after feeding a control or an 8% wild blueberry diet (WB) for 8 weeks from age 8 to 16 weeks. In the OZR, WB consumption resulted in decreased plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (-25.6%, P<.05), interleukin (IL)-6 (-14.9%, P<.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (-13.1%, P<.05) and increased adiponectin concentration (+21.8%, P<.05). Furthermore, expression of IL-6, TNF-α and nuclear factor (NF)-kB was down-regulated in both the liver (-65%, -59% and -25%, respectively) and the abdominal adipose tissue (-64%, -52% and -65%), while CRP expression was down-regulated only in the liver (-25%). In the abdominal adipose tissue, similar trends were also observed in LZR following WB treatment, with decreased liver expression of NF-kB, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α (-24%, -16%, -21% and -50%) and increased adiponectin expression (+25%). Results of this study suggest that wild blueberry consumption exerts an overall anti-inflammatory effect in the OZR, a model of the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
The peel of the native Brazilian fruit jaboticaba is rich in anthocyanins, which are known for their anti-obesity effects in animal models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder (FDJPP) on a number of metabolic parameters in a model of diet-induced obesity. Mice (n 8 per group) were initially fed on a high-fat diet (HFD, 35 % w/w) for 4 weeks and then switched to a HFD supplemented with FDJPP (1, 2 or 4 % w/w) for an additional 6 weeks. Energy intake, weight loss, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and lipid profile were determined, and the results were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey's tests. The FDJPP exerted no protective effect on HFD-induced weight gain, hyperleptinaemia and glucose intolerance. However, the supplementation was effective to reduce insulin resistance, as evidenced in the insulin tolerance test, and subsequently confirmed by improved signal transduction through the insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/Akt/forkhead box protein pathway and by the attenuation of HFD-induced inflammation in the liver, verified by lower expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 and decreased phosphorylated IκB-α protein levels in all jaboticaba-treated mice. These results suggest that FDJPP may exert a protective role against obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
76
|
Maldonado-Rojas W, Olivero-Verbel J. Food-related compounds that modulate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase may act as its inhibitors. Molecules 2012; 17:8118-35. [PMID: 22766803 PMCID: PMC6268506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds commonly found in foods may contribute to protect cells against the deleterious effects of inflammation. These anti-inflammatory properties have been linked to the modulation of transcription factors that control expression of inflammation-related genes, including the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), rather than a direct inhibitory action on these proteins. In this study, forty two natural dietary compounds, known for their ability to exert an inhibitory effect on the expression of iNOS, have been studied in silico as docking ligands on two available 3D structures for this protein (PDB ID: 3E7G and PDB ID: 1NSI). Natural compounds such as silibinin and cyanidin-3-rutinoside and other flavonoids showed the highest theoretical affinities for iNOS. Docking affinity values calculated for several known iNOS inhibitors significatively correlated with their reported half maximal inhibitory concentrations (R = 0.842, P < 0.0001), suggesting the computational reliability of the predictions made by our docking simulations. Moreover, docking affinity values for potent iNOS inhibitors are of similar magnitude to those obtained for some studied natural products. Results presented here indicate that, in addition to gene expression modulation of proteins involved in inflammation, some chemicals present in food may be acting by direct binding and possible inhibiting actions on iNOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +57-5-669-8179; Fax: +57-5-669-8180
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ou B, Bosak KN, Brickner PR, Iezzoni DG, Seymour EM. Processed Tart Cherry Products-Comparative Phytochemical Content, in vitro Antioxidant Capacity and in vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity. J Food Sci 2012; 77:H105-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
78
|
Kaume L, Gilbert WC, Brownmiller C, Howard LR, Devareddy L. Cyanidin 3-O-β-d-glucoside-rich blackberries modulate hepatic gene expression, and anti-obesity effects in ovariectomized rats. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
79
|
|
80
|
TSUDA T. Anthocyanins as Functional Food Factors— Chemistry, Nutrition and Health Promotion —. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.18.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
81
|
Tsuda T. Dietary anthocyanin-rich plants: biochemical basis and recent progress in health benefits studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:159-70. [PMID: 22102523 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are one type of flavonoid phytopigment. Although the role of anthocyanins as a functional food factor remains relatively less established than that of other flavonoids, progress in this area has been made at the molecular level in recent years. This review discusses the potential health benefits of plant-derived anthocyanin-rich foods, with a focus on the role of anthocyanins in obesity control, diabetes control, cardiovascular disease prevention, and improvement of visual and brain functions, areas that have attracted much attention. Such health benefits are not necessarily derived from the antioxidant effect of anthocyanins, but in fact are produced by currently unestablished chemical properties beyond the antioxidant capacity of the molecules. However, a better understanding of the physiological functionality of anthocyanins remains to be elucidated. It is desirable, therefore, to clarify the molecular type and composition of the anthocyanins that confer specific health benefits and to conduct further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms. The pharmacological actions of anthocyanins could not be fully established without knowledge on the effects of treatment of anthocyanins alone, the effects of non-anthocyanin components, and the possible interactions between anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Phenotypic changes in diabetic neuropathy induced by a high-fat diet in diabetic C57BL/6 mice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:848307. [PMID: 22144990 PMCID: PMC3226416 DOI: 10.1155/2011/848307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for diabetic neuropathy (DN) (reviewed by Vincent et al. 2009). To experimentally determine how dyslipidemia alters DN, we quantified neuropathic symptoms in diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet developed dyslipidemia and a painful neuropathy (mechanical allodynia) instead of the insensate neuropathy (mechanical insensitivity) that normally develops in this strain. Nondiabetic mice fed a high-fat diet also developed dyslipidemia and mechanical allodynia. Thermal sensitivity was significantly reduced in diabetic compared to nondiabetic mice, but was not worsened by the high-fat diet. Moreover, diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet had significantly slower sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities compared to nondiabetic mice. Overall, dyslipidemia resulting from a high-fat diet may modify DN phenotypes and/or increase risk for developing DN. These results provide new insight as to how dyslipidemia may alter the development and phenotype of diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
|
83
|
Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Filesi C, D’Archivio M, Santangelo C, Giovannini C, Iacovelli A, Silecchia G, Volti GL, Galvano F, Masella R. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside and protocatechuic acid exert insulin-like effects by upregulating PPARγ activity in human omental adipocytes. Diabetes 2011; 60:2234-44. [PMID: 21788573 PMCID: PMC3161313 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) represents an independent risk factor for metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic disorders. Preventing/attenuating IR is a major objective to be reached to preserve population health. Because many insulin-sensitizing drugs have shown unwanted side effects, active harmless compounds are sought after. Dietary anthocyanins have been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity. This study aimed at investigating whether cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) and its metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA) might have a role in glucose transport activation in human omental adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In cells treated with 50 µmol/L C3G and 100 µmol/L PCA, [(3)H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation by immunoblotting, adiponectin secretion, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were evaluated. Parallel experiments were carried out in murine adipocyte 3T3-L1. To define the role of PPARγ in modulating polyphenol effects, small interfering RNA technique and PPARγ antagonist were used to inhibit transcription factor activity. RESULTS C3G and PCA increased adipocyte glucose uptake (P < 0.05) and GLUT4 membrane translocation (P < 0.01). Significant increases (P < 0.05) in nuclear PPARγ activity, as well as in adiponectin and GLUT4 expressions (P < 0.01), were also shown. It is interesting that PPARγ inhibition counteracted the polyphenol-induced adiponectin and GLUT4 upregulations, suggesting a direct involvement of PPARγ in this process. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that C3G and PCA might exert insulin-like activities by PPARγ activation, evidencing a causal relationship between this transcription factor and adiponectin and GLUT4 upregulation. Dietary polyphenols could be included in the preventive/therapeutic armory against pathological conditions associated with IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelina Filesi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo D’Archivio
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Santangelo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Giovannini
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCSS, S. Donato Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author: Roberta Masella,
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Seymour EM, Tanone II, Urcuyo-Llanes DE, Lewis SK, Kirakosyan A, Kondoleon MG, Kaufman PB, Bolling SF. Blueberry intake alters skeletal muscle and adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activity and reduces insulin resistance in obese rats. J Med Food 2011; 14:1511-8. [PMID: 21861718 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome can precede the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and includes phenotypes such as obesity, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. A recent epidemiological study indicated that blueberry intake reduced cardiovascular mortality in humans, but the possible genetic mechanisms of this effect are unknown. Blueberries are a rich source of anthocyanins, and anthocyanins can alter the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which affect energy substrate metabolism. The effect of blueberry intake was assessed in obesity-prone rats. Zucker Fatty and Zucker Lean rats were fed a higher-fat diet (45% of kcal) or a lower-fat diet (10% of kcal) containing 2% (wt/wt) freeze-dried whole highbush blueberry powder or added sugars to match macronutrient and calorie content. In Zucker Fatty rats fed a high-fat diet, the addition of blueberry reduced triglycerides, fasting insulin, homeostasis model index of insulin resistance, and glucose area under the curve. Blueberry intake also reduced abdominal fat mass, increased adipose and skeletal muscle PPAR activity, and affected PPAR transcripts involved in fat oxidation and glucose uptake/oxidation. In Zucker Fatty rats fed a low-fat diet, the addition of blueberry also significantly reduced liver weight, body weight, and total fat mass. Finally, Zucker Lean rats fed blueberry had higher body weight and reduced triglycerides, but all other measures were unaffected. In conclusion, whole blueberry intake reduced phenotypes of metabolic syndrome in obesity-prone rats and affected PPAR gene transcripts in adipose and muscle tissue involved in fat and glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mitchell Seymour
- Cardiovascular Center and the Michigan Integrative Medicine Program, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chuang CC, McIntosh MK. Potential Mechanisms by Which Polyphenol-Rich Grapes Prevent Obesity-Mediated Inflammation and Metabolic Diseases. Annu Rev Nutr 2011; 31:155-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K. McIntosh
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402; ,
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Guo H, Xia M, Zou T, Ling W, Zhong R, Zhang W. Cyanidin 3-glucoside attenuates obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed and db/db mice via the transcription factor FoxO1. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:349-60. [PMID: 21543211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, and both conditions are now recognized to possess significant inflammatory components underlying their pathophysiologies. Here, we hypothesized that cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G), a typical anthocyanin reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties, would ameliorate obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mouse models of diabesity. Male C57BL/6J obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and genetically diabetic db/db mice at an age of 6 weeks received dietary C3G supplementation (0.2%) for 5 weeks. We found that dietary C3G lowered fasting glucose levels and markedly improved the insulin sensitivity in both high-fat diet fed and db/db mice as compared with unsupplemented controls. White adipose tissue messenger RNA levels and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were reduced by C3G, as did macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. Concomitantly, hepatic triglyceride content and steatosis were alleviated by C3G. Moreover, C3G treatment decreased c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and promoted phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of forkhead box O1 after refeeding. These findings clearly indicate that C3G has significant potency in antidiabetic effects by modulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/forkhead box O1 signaling pathway and the related inflammatory adipocytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Higa JK, Panee J. Bamboo extract reduces interleukin 6 (IL-6) overproduction under lipotoxic conditions through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. Cytokine 2011; 55:18-23. [PMID: 21474329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine overexpressed in obese individuals that contributes to the development of diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of an extract from the bamboo Phyllostachys edulis (BEX) on lipotoxicity-induced over-production of IL-6 in metabolic cell lines. Palmitic acid (PA, 0.4mM) was used to induce lipotoxicity in murine C2C12, 3T3-L1, and Hepa6 cells. Both intra- and extra-cellular protein concentrations of IL-6 were measured in the three cell lines after PA treatment with or without the presence of BEX using cytometric bead assays. IL-6 mRNA levels were quantified using real-time PCR, and nuclear concentrations of c-fos, p50 and p65 proteins were measured using DNA-binding ELISA in 3T3-L1 cells. Lipotoxicity increased IL-6 protein concentration in both cytosol and media collected from myoblast and myotube C2C12, as well as preadipose and adipose 3T3-L1, and the presence of BEX (0.5%, v/v) effectively inhibited this overproduction. IL-6 protein expression in hepatic Hepa6 cells was less affected by lipotoxicity. BEX significantly ameliorated PA-induced upregulation of IL-6 mRNA, which correlated with a reduction in nuclear translocation of p50, p65, and c-fos proteins with the presence of BEX, indicating inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 activation. In summary, BEX inhibits lipotoxicity-induced IL-6 overproduction in muscle and adipose cell lines through the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways, implicating a potential application of this natural product as a cost-effective anti-inflammation nutraceutical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Higa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Belleggia A, Neri D. Cherry antioxidants: from farm to table. Molecules 2010; 15:6993-7005. [PMID: 20944519 PMCID: PMC6259571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers. Most recent interest has focused on the bioactive phenolic compounds found in vegetable products. Sweet and sour cherries contain several antioxidants and polyphenols that possess many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammation properties. The review describes the effect of environment and other factors (such as production, handling and storage) on the nutritional properties of cherries, with particular attention to polyphenol compounds. Moreover the health benefits of cherries and their polyphenols against human diseases such as heart disease, cancers, diabetes are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology and Genetic – Polytechnic University of Marche, via Ranieri 65, 60100, Ancona, Italy; (T.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +39-071 2204968; Fax: +39-071-2204398
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biology and Genetic – Polytechnic University of Marche, via Ranieri 65, 60100, Ancona, Italy; (T.B.)
| | - Alberto Belleggia
- SAPROV – Environment and Crop Sciences Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Neri
- SAPROV – Environment and Crop Sciences Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.N.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Abstract
About 60% of adults in the United States do not consume the estimated average requirement for magnesium, but widespread pathological conditions attributed to magnesium deficiency have not been reported. Nevertheless, low magnesium status has been associated with numerous pathological conditions characterized as having a chronic inflammatory stress component. In humans, deficient magnesium intakes are mostly marginal to moderate (approximately 50% to <100% of the recommended dietary allowance). Animal experiments indicate that signs of marginal-to-moderate magnesium deficiency can be compensated or exacerbated by other factors influencing inflammatory and oxidative stress; recent studies suggest a similar happening in humans. This suggestion may have significance in obesity, which is characterized as having a chronic low-grade inflammation component and an increased incidence of a low magnesium status. Marginal-to-moderate magnesium deficiency through exacerbating chronic inflammatory stress may be contributing significantly to the occurrence of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest H Nielsen
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9034, USA.
| |
Collapse
|