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Gislon LC, Curado MP, López RVM, de Oliveira JC, Vasconcelos de Podestá JR, Ventorin von Zeidler S, Brennan P, Kowalski LP. Risk factors associated with head and neck cancer in former smokers: A Brazilian multicentric study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102143. [PMID: 35378425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced tobacco consumption in the population has not been associated with reduced incidence rates of head and neck cancer in several countries. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between HNC and sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle of former smokers from three Brazilian cancer centers. METHODS A multicenter case-control study was conducted with 229 former smokers diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and 318 controls (former smokers without head and neck cancer). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS 11-20 years after smoking cessation showed significant impact on HNC reduction (OR 0.22, 95% CI, 0.12-0.39), which reached 82% (95% CI, 0.09-0.35) among 20 + former smokers when compared to individuals who had stopped smoking for up to 5 years. A history of high-intensity smoking (>40 pack-years) increased HNC risk by 2.09 times (95% CI 1.13-3.89) when compared to subjects who smoked up to 20 pack-years. Past alcohol consumption (OR 1.99, 95% CI, 1.06-3.82) was also associated with head and neck cancer risk in former smokers when compared to no alcohol consumption. There was a decreased head and neck cancer risk in former smokers who had high school level of education (OR 0.38, 95% CI, 0.16-0.91) compared to illiterate former smokers; and former smokers with moderate intake of vegetables (OR 0.49, 95% CI, 0.28-0.85) and fruits (OR 0.43, 95% CI, 0.25-0.73) compared to those with low intake. CONCLUSION Head and neck cancer risk in former smokers decreases after 11 years after smoking cessation, former smokers with past alcohol consumption showed an increased risk of HNC. High school level of education and moderate intake of vegetables and fruits reduced HNC risk among former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Campos Gislon
- Antônio Prudente Foundation, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, São Paulo, Brazil; University of Vale of Itajaí, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil.
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Antônio Prudente Foundation, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rossana Verónica Mendoza López
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology. São Paulo State Cancer Institute, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sandra Ventorin von Zeidler
- Pathology Department, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Antônio Prudente Foundation, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li Q, Shen Z, Shen Y, Deng H, Shen Y, Wang J, Zhan G, Zhou C. Identification of immune-related lncRNA panel for predicting immune checkpoint blockade and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24484. [PMID: 35561269 PMCID: PMC9169191 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immunotherapy is changing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment pattern. According to the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) guidelines, immunotherapy has been deemed as first‐line recommendation for recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, marking that advanced HNSCC has officially entered the era of immunotherapy. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) impact every step of cancer immunity. Therefore, reliable immune‐lncRNAs able to accurately predict the immune landscape and survival of HNSCC are crucial to clinical management. Methods In the current study, we downloaded the transcriptomic and clinical data of HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified differentially expressed immune‐related lncRNAs (DEir‐lncRNAs). Further then, Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed to identify proper DEir‐lncRNAs to construct optimal risk model. Low‐risk and high‐risk groups were classified based on the optimal cut‐off value generated by the areas under curve for receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were utilized to validate the prediction model. We then evaluated the model based on the clinical factors, immune cell infiltration, and chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic efficacy between two groups. Results In our study, we identified 256 Deir‐lncRNAs in HNSCC. A total of 18 Deir‐lncRNA pairs (consisting of 35 Deir‐lncRNAs) were used to construct a risk model significantly associated with survival of HNSCC. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis confirmed that our risk model could be served as an independent prognostic indicator. Besides, HNSCC patients with low‐risk score significantly enriched of CD8+ T cell, and corelated with high chemosensitivity and immunotherapeutic sensitivity. Conclusion Our risk model could be served as a promising clinical prediction indicator, effective discoursing of the immune cell infiltration of HNSCC patients, and distinguishing patients who could benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiming Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guowen Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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Smoking-, Alcohol-, and Age-Related Alterations of Blood Monocyte Subsets and Circulating CD4/CD8 T Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050658. [PMID: 35625386 PMCID: PMC9138171 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a heterogeneous malignant disease of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Although cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and aging are well-established associated factors for HNSCC, their respective influence on immunologic alterations of monocyte subsets or T-cell compositions in the peripheral blood has not yet been fully unveiled. Using flow cytometry, whole blood measurements of CD14/CD16 monocyte subsets and analyses of T-cell subsets in isolated PBMC fractions were carried out in 64 HNSCC patients in view of their tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as their age, in comparison to healthy volunteers. Flow cytometric analysis revealed significantly increased expression of monocytic CD11b, as well as significantly decreased expression levels of CX3CR1 on classical and intermediate monocyte subsets in smoking-related and in alcohol-related HNSCC patients compared to healthy donors. Peripheral monocytes revealed an age-correlated significant decrease in PD-L1 within the entirety of the HNSCC cohort. Furthermore, we observed significantly decreased abundances of CD8+ effector memory T cells in active-smoking HNSCC patients and significantly increased percentages of CD8+ effector T cells in alcohol-abusing patients compared to the non-smoking/non-drinking patient cohort. Our data indicate an enhanced influence of smoking and alcohol abuse on the dynamics and characteristics of circulating monocyte subsets and CD4/CD8 T-cell subset proportions, as well as an age-related weakened immunosuppression in head and neck cancer patients.
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Nishikawa D, Hanai N, Ozawa T, Kitahara T, Hasegawa Y. Role of Human Papilloma Virus and Lifestyle Factors in Overall Survival of Patients with Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58040557. [PMID: 35454395 PMCID: PMC9027196 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have a significantly better treatment response and overall survival (OS) rates than non-HPV-associated OPSCC. Objectives: We conducted the present study to further characterize the interplay between lifestyle risk factors, which are not only HPV status, but also smoking history and alcohol consumption, and the OS to optimize the treatment of patients with OPSCC. Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2013, 94 patients newly diagnosed with OPSCC were treated with curative intent at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Nagoya, Japan). To determine negative prognostic factors associated with the OS, univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: Of the 94 OPSCC patients, 53 (56.4%) were positive for HPV. The univariate analysis revealed that T classification, smoking history, alcohol consumption, and HPV status were significant determinants of the OS. In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for the clinical stage, smoking history, alcohol consumption, HPV status, and a smoking history of >10 pack-years was an independent negative prognostic factor for the OS among patients with OPSCC (HR: 10.4, 95 %CI: 1.34−80.6, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Smoking is a very important negative prognostic factor even in cases of HPV-associated OPSCC. The impact of smoking needs to be reaffirmed when deciding on treatment plans and de-escalation trials in OPSCC, even in cases of HPV-associated OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (D.N.); (T.K.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8681, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8681, Aichi, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Taijiro Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, 50 Hakken-Nishi, Aotakecho, Toyohashi 441-8570, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Tadashi Kitahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (D.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Yasuhisa Hasegawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Asahi University Hospital, 3-23 Hashimotocho, Gifu 500-8523, Gifu, Japan;
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Madathil S, Rousseau MC, Durán D, Alli BY, Joseph L, Nicolau B. Life Course Tobacco Smoking and Risk of HPV-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Oral Cavity in Two Countries. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:844230. [PMID: 35434704 PMCID: PMC9005739 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.844230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTobacco smoking remains one of the major risk factors for oral cavity cancers (OCC), a subgroup of head and neck cancer (HNC) less attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although a strong dose-dependent association between tobacco smoking and OCC exists, several important questions on the age-dependent effects of this habit remain unanswered. We investigated which life course hypothesis best describes the association between tobacco smoking and HPV-negative (HPV−ve) OCC in Canada and India.MethodsWe used data from the HeNCe Life study, a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Canada and India, using similar protocols. Cases were newly diagnosed subjects with primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. Control subjects were patients with non-cancer selected from various outpatient clinics in a hospital located in the same catchment area as the cases and frequency-matched to cases according to age and sex. We collected information on an array of life course exposures using a structured questionnaire with the help of a life grid. Tobacco exposure (pack-years) during three life periods (≤ 30, 31−50, and >50 years of age) was calculated from the entire life course history of smoking. We used CDx brushes to collect oral exfoliated cells. Alpha HPV DNA detection and genotyping were performed for 36 HPV genotypes using the linear array. Participants who tested positive for HPV were excluded from the analysis. We used the Bayesian relevant life course exposure model (BRLM) to identify the life course hypothesis that best described the relationship between tobacco smoking and HPV−ve OCC.ResultsWe show evidence for a late-life sensitive period (>50 years of age) for tobacco smoking in relation to the risk of HPV−ve OCC in both Canada and India. An increase of 1 pack-year of tobacco smoking increased the risk of OCC by ~3% in both countries.ConclusionOur findings from the Canadian and Indian data suggest that smoking tobacco after 50 years of age may carry a higher risk of developing oral cancer than earlier in life. Further studies are warranted to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Madathil
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sreenath Madathil
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Doris Durán
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Babatunde Y. Alli
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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The World of Oral Cancer and Its Risk Factors Viewed from the Aspect of MicroRNA Expression Patterns. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040594. [PMID: 35456400 PMCID: PMC9027895 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a reported 5-year survival rate of around 50% after treatment. Epigenetic modifications are considered to have a key role in oral carcinogenesis due to histone modifications, aberrant DNA methylation, and altered expression of miRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have a key role in cancer development by regulating signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. MiRNA deregulation identified in oral cancer has led to the idea of using them as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, a key role has been observed for risk factors in preventing and treating this malignancy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge about the altered mechanisms of oral cancer due to risk factors and the role of miRNAs in these mechanisms.
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Jiang M, Liu F, Yang AG, Wang W, Zhang R. The role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:127-138. [PMID: 35024439 PMCID: PMC8717422 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous collection of malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, salivary glands, and thyroid. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) remain poorly understood. Over the past decades, overwhelming evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis, including HNSCC. Notably, these lncRNAs have vital roles in gene regulation and affect various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation, survival, and metastasis. They exert regulating functions by interacting with nucleic acids or proteins and affecting cancer cell signaling. LncRNAs represent a burgeoning field of cancer research, and we are only beginning to understand the importance and complicity of lncRNAs in HNSCC. In this review, we summarize the deregulation and function of lncRNAs in human HNSCC. We also review the working mechanism of lncRNAs in HNSCC pathogenesis and discuss the potential application of lncRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapeutic targets in human HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Bao Y, Gabrielpillai J, Dietrich J, Zarbl R, Strieth S, Schröck F, Dietrich D. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), FGF receptor (FGFR), and cyclin D1 (CCND1) DNA methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas is associated with transcriptional activity, gene amplification, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, and sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:228. [PMID: 34933671 PMCID: PMC8693503 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway has been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is a promising therapeutic target for selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Potential predictive biomarkers for response to FGFR-targeted therapies are urgently needed. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of FGF pathway related genes, i.e. FGFRs, FGFs, and CCND1, could enlighten the way towards biomarker-selected FGFR-targeted therapies. Methods We performed DNA methylation analysis of the encoding genes FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, FGF1-14, FGF16-23, and CCND1 at single CpG site resolution (840 CpG sites) employing The Cancer Genome Research Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC cohort comprising N = 530 tumor tissue and N = 50 normal adjacent tissue samples. We correlated DNA methylation to mRNA expression with regard to human papilloma virus (HPV) and gene amplification status. Moreover, we investigated the correlation of methylation with sensitivity to the selective FGFR inhibitors PD 173074 and AZD4547 in N = 40 HPV(−) HNSCC cell lines. Results We found sequence-contextually nuanced CpG methylation patterns in concordance with epigenetically regulated genes. High methylation levels were predominantly found in the promoter flank and gene body region, while low methylation levels were present in the central promoter region for most of the analyzed CpG sites. FGFRs, FGFs, and CCND1 methylation differed significantly between tumor and normal adjacent tissue and was associated with HPV and gene amplification status. CCND1 promoter methylation correlated with CCND1 amplification. For most of the analyzed CpG sites, methylation levels correlated to mRNA expression in tumor tissue. Furthermore, we found significant correlations of DNA methylation of specific CpG sites with response to the FGFR1/3–selective inhibitors PD 173074 and AZD4547, predominantly within the transcription start site of CCND1. Conclusions Our results suggest an epigenetic regulation of CCND1, FGFRs, and FGFs via DNA methylation in HNSCC and warrants further investigation of DNA methylation as a potential predictive biomarker for response to selective FGFR inhibitors in clinical trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01212-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jennis Gabrielpillai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Romina Zarbl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friederike Schröck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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Mody MD, Rocco JW, Yom SS, Haddad RI, Saba NF. Head and neck cancer. Lancet 2021; 398:2289-2299. [PMID: 34562395 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide and comprise of a diverse group of tumours affecting the upper aerodigestive tract. Although many different histologies exist, the most common is squamous cell carcinoma. Predominant risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and oncogenic viruses, including human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Head and neck malignancies remain challenging to treat, requiring a multidisciplinary approach, with surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy serving as key components of the treatment of locally advanced disease. Although many treatment principles overlap, treatment is generally site-specific and histology-specific. This Seminar outlines the current understanding of head and neck cancer and focuses on treatment principles, while also discussing future directions to improve the outcomes of patients with these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur D Mody
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James W Rocco
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert I Haddad
- Harvard Medical School and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Bovard D, Renggli K, Marescotti D, Sandoz A, Majeed S, Pinard L, Ferreira S, Pak C, Barbier A, Beguin A, Iskandar A, Frentzel S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Impact of aerosols on liver xenobiotic metabolism: A comparison of two methods of exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105277. [PMID: 34843886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of aerosols effects on liver CYP function generally involves aqueous fractions (AF). Although easy and efficient, this method has not been optimized recently or comparatively assessed against other aerosol exposure methods. Here, we comparatively evaluated the effects of the AFs of cigarette smoke (CS) and Tobacco Heating System (THS) aerosols on CYP activity in liver spheroids. We then used these data to develop a physiological aerosol exposure system combining a multi-organs-on-a-chip, 3D lung tissues, liver spheroids, and a direct aerosol exposure system. Liver spheroids incubated with CS AF showed a dose-dependent increase in CYP1A1/1B1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B6 activity and a dose-dependent decrease in CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 activity relative to untreated tissues. In our physiological exposure system, repeated CS exposure of the bronchial tissues also caused CYP1A1/1B1 and CYP1A2 induction in the bronchial tissues and liver spheroids; but the spheroids showed an increase in CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2C9 or CYP2D6 activity relative to air-exposed tissues, which resembles the results reported in smokers. THS aerosol did not affect CYP activity in bronchial or liver tissues, even at 4 times higher concentrations than CS. In conclusion, our system allows us to physiologically test the effects of CS or other aerosols on lung and liver tissues cultured in the same chip circuit, thus delivering more in vivo like data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Kasper Renggli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Marescotti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Antonin Sandoz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucile Pinard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Ferreira
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Claudius Pak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Barbier
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Beguin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Iskandar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Chang CC, Huang TH, Shueng PW, Chen SH, Chen CC, Lu CJ, Tseng YJ. Developing a Stacked Ensemble-Based Classification Scheme to Predict Second Primary Cancers in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12499. [PMID: 34886225 PMCID: PMC8657249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite a considerable expansion in the present therapeutic repertoire for other malignancy managements, mortality from head and neck cancer (HNC) has not significantly improved in recent decades. Moreover, the second primary cancer (SPC) diagnoses increased in patients with HNC, but studies providing evidence to support SPCs prediction in HNC are lacking. Several base classifiers are integrated forming an ensemble meta-classifier using a stacked ensemble method to predict SPCs and find out relevant risk features in patients with HNC. The balanced accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) are over 0.761 and 0.847, with an approximately 2% and 3% increase, respectively, compared to the best individual base classifier. Our study found the top six ensemble risk features, such as body mass index, primary site of HNC, clinical nodal (N) status, primary site surgical margins, sex, and pathologic nodal (N) status. This will help clinicians screen HNC survivors before SPCs occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Chang
- School of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University & IT Office, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Information Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 33300, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33300, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11200, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33300, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 22060, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Han Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24330, Taiwan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24330, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jie Lu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan;
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tseng
- Department of Information Management, National Central University, Taoyuan 32031, Taiwan;
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Shende N, Xu J, Li WT, Liu J, Chakladar J, Brumund KT, Ongkeko WM. Enhancer RNA Profiling in Smoking and HPV Associated HNSCC Reveals Associations to Key Oncogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12546. [PMID: 34830428 PMCID: PMC8625218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and HPV infection are known causes for the vast majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) due to their likelihood of causing gene dysregulation and genomic alterations. Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are known to increase nearby and target gene expression, and activity that has been suggested to be affected by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Here we sought to identify the effects of smoking and HPV status on eRNA expression in HNSCC tumors. We focused on four patient cohorts including smoking/HPV+, smoking/HPV-, non-smoking/HPV+, and non-smoking/HPV- patients. We used TCGA RNA-seq data from cancer tumors and adjacent normal tissue, extracted eRNA read counts, and correlated these to survival, clinical variables, immune infiltration, cancer pathways, and genomic alterations. We found a large number of differentially expressed eRNA in each patient cohort. We also found several dysregulated eRNA correlated to patient survival, clinical variables, immune pathways, and genomic alterations. Additionally, we were able to find dysregulated eRNA nearby seven key HNSCC-related oncogenes. For example, we found eRNA chr14:103272042-103272430 (eRNA-24036), which is located close to the TRAF3 gene to be differentially expressed and correlated with the pathologic N stage and immune cell populations. Using a separate validation dataset, we performed differential expression and immune infiltration analysis to validate our results from the TCGA data. Our findings may explain the association between eRNA expression, enhancer activity, and nearby gene dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Shende
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jaideep Chakladar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Kevin T. Brumund
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Tucker J, Sarsfield E, Choi KY, Goyal N. Educating School Nurses about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Associated Cancers and the Importance of HPV Vaccination. J Community Health Nurs 2021; 38:201-208. [PMID: 34787044 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2021.1972244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess and improve school nurse knowledge of HPV-associated cancers. DESIGN An experimental quality improvement study. METHODS At a continuing education regional conference, an interactive HPV education session was provided. Pre- and post-education surveys were completed by attendees. FINDINGS After the educational intervention, 89.9% of nurses indicated a change in knowledge and 83.2% indicated a planned change in practice. CONCLUSIONS An education intervention aimed at school nurses can be impactful in broadening the understanding of HPV oncogenesis. CLINICAL EVIDENCE Educational interventions can be a strategy to increase school nurse knowledge and subsequently patient knowledge about HPV associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tucker
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Sarsfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn State Health, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen Y Choi
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn State Health, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neerav Goyal
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn State Health, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Overview of Candida albicans and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Agents and their Biomolecular Mechanisms in Promoting Oral Cancer in Pediatric Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7312611. [PMID: 34765678 PMCID: PMC8577934 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7312611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral carcinoma represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) account over 90% of all oral malignant tumors and are characterized by high mortality in the advanced stages. Early diagnosis is often a challenge for its ambiguous appearance in early stages. Mucosal infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a growing number of malignancies, particularly cervical cancer and oropharyngeal carcinomas. In addition, Candida albicans (C. albicans), which is the principal fungi involved in the oral cancer development, may induce carcinogenesis through several mechanisms, mainly promoting inflammation. Medical knowledge and research on adolescent/pediatric patients' management and prevention are in continuous evolution. Besides, microbiota can play an important role in maintaining oral health and therefore all human health. The aim of this review is to evaluate epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics of the several biochemical pathways involved during HPV and C. albicans infections in pediatric dentistry.
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Effect of Ozonated Water on Oral Mucositis and Pain Induced by Head and Neck Radiotherapy: A Cross-sectional Study. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.118914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral mucositis and local pain are the negative effects of the treatment of head and neck cancer with radiotherapy. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of ozonated water on the severity of mucositis and pain in (1) patients who were treated with ozonated water and (2) patients who were not treated with ozonated water. Methods: We randomly divided 93 patients with head and neck malignancy (aged 18 to 80) into three groups. Ozone-treated group 1 rinsed their mouth with 15 mL of ozonated water with a concentration of 20 - 50 ppm from the first session of radiotherapy for one minute before and after each session. Ozone-treated group 2 rinsed their mouth with 15 mL of ozonated water with a concentration of 20 - 50 ppm for three minutes and then swallowed it before and after each session. Ozone-treated groups 1 and 2 and the non-ozone-treated group received standard treatment if mucositis symptoms appeared in each patient. The minimum number of radiotherapy sessions was 30, and the minimum planned dose for each patient was 50 Gray. Anamnesis and the following clinical parameters were taken: the degree of mucositis, the use of corticosteroids, radiotherapy method, radiation dose, and Pain Visual Analog Scale. Multi-level and subgroup analyses were performed on the ozone-treated and non-ozone-treated levels. Results: The mean degrees of oral mucositis and pain were lower in the ozone-treated group 2 than in the ozone-treated group 1 and non-ozone-treated group (P < 0.05). The non-ozone-treated group had the highest degrees of oral mucositis and pain severity (P < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the Visual Analog Scale of sessions 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 between different groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the Visual Analog Scale of session 1 (χ2 (2) = 1.022, P = 0.6). This study revealed that ozonated water can be used for preemptive pain control and mucositis. This finding aligned with previous studies. Also, former research proved the safety and efficacy of ozonated water in dentistry and medical uses. Conclusions: The use of ozonated water in patients with head and neck malignancy can reduce the pain severity and oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy. It seems that ozonated water can be used as a preemptive agent in patients who receive head and neck radiotherapy.
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Obeso-Benítez P, Muñoz-Vigueras N, Castillo-Pérez I, Rodríguez-Torres J, Granados-Santiago M, Cabrera-Martos I, Valenza MC. Global functional impairment in head and neck cancer survivors after completing radiotherapy treatment. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:6394-6400. [PMID: 34415231 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1966677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improvements in diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients have resulted in improved long-term survival rates. However, a variety of symptoms and comorbidities, often secondary to the cancer and its treatments, are experienced by a relevant number of survivors. So, the aim of this study was to determine the global functional impairment in HNC survivors 1 year after radiotherapy treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive case-control study was performed. HNC survivors were recruited from San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital in Granada. The main variables included were functionality and quality of life. RESULTS 30 HNC survivors were included in our study. Significant differences were found in the WHO-DAS 2.0 test, with a worse score in the HNC group in most subscales (p < 0.05), and poorer scores in the COMP test, performance (p < 0.001) and satisfaction (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also found in most QLQ-30 subscales (p < 0.05) and the QLQ-H&N35. In regard to the EQ-5D, significant differences were found between groups, with worse results in the HNC group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HNC survivors presented a poorer global function and a worse quality of life and health status 1 year after the radiotherapy treatment. Moreover, a good correlation was found between functionality and quality of life outcomes.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONA worse quality of life and health status are shown in head and neck survivors 1 year after radiotherapy.Global functionality is related to quality of life outcomes in head and neck cancer survivors.There is a need to recognise the need for and to provide longer term rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Obeso-Benítez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Vigueras
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Janet Rodríguez-Torres
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Granados-Santiago
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Cabrera-Martos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie C Valenza
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Almadori G, De Corso E, Settimi S, Di Cintio G, Mele DA, Brigato F, Paludetti G, Salgarello M. When is a surgical multidisciplinary approach required in the management of head and neck non-melanoma skin cancer and in advanced head and neck pathologies involving skin? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:S145-S157. [PMID: 34060530 PMCID: PMC8172116 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-suppl.1-41-2021-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma Skin cancer, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, is the most common form of malignancy in the Caucasian population, and the skin of the head and neck is the site most involved. They should not be underestimated; in particular, high-risk lesions and advanced skin cancers require accurate diagnostic work up, aggressive surgical treatment and should be managed by the head and neck surgeon, the dermatologist and the plastic surgeon. Cutaneous head-neck malignancies are often overlooked or not routinely treated with a multidisciplinary surgical approach. Similarly, for primary head and neck cancers with involvement of surrounding skin, the involvement of the dermatologist and the plastic surgeon could better define an adequate diagnosis and treatment planning. The management of these patients presents both therapeutic and ethical problems, because the poor prognosis is burdened by facial disfigurement, open malodorous wounds and intractable pain. Therefore, in patients with advanced disease that is not candidate to radical surgery, palliative surgery with flap reconstruction could take place and could be proposed to improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almadori
- Cervico-Facial Oncological Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Settimi
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Cintio
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Antonio Mele
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Brigato
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Salgarello
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Pre-Therapeutic VEGF Level in Plasma Is a Prognostic Bio-Marker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153781. [PMID: 34359680 PMCID: PMC8345208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the context of a growing variety in treatment strategies for patients with cancer, especially approaches based on antiangiogenetic pathways, we aimed to identify a useful biomarker for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our experimental results detected vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients’ pre-therapeutic plasma, and not serum, which serves as a suitable biomarker for outcome prognostication. Results were validated in an independent cohort, confirming VEGF as an independent predictor (Pi) of outcomes in HNSCC patients. Therefore, pre-therapeutic VEGF in plasma may be an attractive biomarker in future HNSCC studies. Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is centrally involved in cancer angiogenesis. We hypothesized that pre-therapeutic VEGF levels in serum and plasma differ in their potential as biomarkers for outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. As prospectively defined in the study protocols of TRANSCAN-DietINT and NICEI-CIH, we measured VEGF in pretreatment serum and plasma of 75 HNSCC test cohort (TC) patients. We analyzed the prognostic value of VEGF concentrations in serum (VEGFSerum) and plasma (VEGFPlasma) for event-free survival (EFS) utilizing receiver-operating characteristics (ROC). Mean VEGF concentrations in plasma (34.6, 95% CI 26.0–43.3 ng/L) were significantly lower (p = 3.35 × 10−18) than in serum (214.8, 95% CI 179.6–250.0 ng/L) but, based on ROC (area under the curve, AUCPlasma = 0.707, 95% CI 0.573–0.840; p = 0.006 versus AUCSerum = 0.665, 95% CI 0.528–0.801; p = 0.030), superiorly correlated with event-free survival (EFS) of TC patients. Youden indices revealed optimum binary classification with VEGFPlasma 26 ng/L and VEGFSerum 264 ng/L. Kaplan–Meier plots demonstrated superiority of VEGFPlasma in discriminating patients regarding outcome. Patients with VEGFPlasma < 26 ng/L had superior nodal (NC), local (LC) and loco-regional control (LRC) leading to significant prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and EFS. We successfully validated VEGFPlasma according the cut-off <26 ng/L as predictive for superior outcome in an independent validation cohort (iVC) of 104 HNSCC patients from the studies DeLOS-II and LIFE and found better outcomes including prolonged tumor-specific (TSS) and overall survival (OS). Outcomes in TC and iVC combined again was related to VEGFPlasma, and multivariate Cox regression revealed that VEGFPlasma was an independent outcome predictor. In HNSCC, pre-therapeutic VEGFPlasma is prognostic for outcomes.
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León X, Pujals G, Bulboa C, García J, López M, Quer M. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in cigar smokers. Distinctive epidemiological and prognostic characteristics. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2021; 72:222-229. [PMID: 34294221 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the existence of differences in the epidemiological characteristics and prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who smoke cigars. MATERIAL AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective study of a cohort of 4500 patients with HNSCC treated during the period 1985-2017. RESULT The proportion of cigar smokers was 2.4%, compared with 88.3% of cigarette smokers and 9.3% of non-smokers. There was an increase in the proportion of cigar smokers throughout the study period. With respect to cigarette smokers, cigar smokers had a higher proportion of male patients, a higher average age at diagnosis, and they had a higher frequency of tumours located in the oral cavity and hypopharynx. The results of a univariate analysis showed that the disease-specific survival of cigar smokers was lower than that of the other patients. Five-year disease-specific survival of cigar smokers was 60.9%, compared to 69.0% for non-smokers, 72.8% for smokers of less than 20 cigarettes/day, and 67.2% for smokers of more than 20 cigarettes/day. There were differences in the pattern of survival depending on tobacco consumption based on the location of the primary tumour. CONCLUSIONS A 2.4% of patients with HNSCC had a history of regular consumption of cigars. Disease-specific survival of cigar smokers was lower than that of other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier León
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gerard Pujals
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Bulboa
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacinto García
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat López
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Kim SY, Beer M, Tshering Vogel DW. Imaging in head and neck cancers: Update for non-radiologist. Oral Oncol 2021; 120:105434. [PMID: 34218063 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide and associated with significant morbidity. Along with clinical examination and endoscopic evaluation, imaging plays an important role in pre- and posttherapeutic evaluation of patients with HNC. Cross-sectional Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) are routinely used in the assessment of these patients. This review provides an overview of the various cross-sectional imaging modalities used in the evaluation of HNC and will give a short summary of the latest imaging technologies regarding head and neck cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Yung Kim
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dechen W Tshering Vogel
- University Institute for Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, Bern 3010, Switzerland
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León X, Pujals G, Bulboa C, García J, López M, Quer M. Pacientes fumadores de cigarros con carcinomas escamosos de cabeza y cuello. Características epidemiológicas y pronósticas diferenciales. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de C. Ferreira C, Dufloth R, de Carvalho AC, Reis RM, Santana I, Carvalho RS, Gama RR. Correlation of p16 immunohistochemistry with clinical and epidemiological features in oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253418. [PMID: 34138935 PMCID: PMC8211260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal cancer is an important public health problem. The aim of our study was to correlatep16 immunohistochemistry in oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas(OPSCC) with clinical and epidemiological features. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted across-sectional study on patients with OPSCC treated at a single institution from 2014 to 2019. Epidemiological and clinical-pathological data were collected from medical records and a questionnaire was applied to determine alcohol consumption, smoking, and sexual behavior. The HPV status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A total of 252 patients participated in the study, of these 221 (87.7%) were male. There were 81 (32.14%) p16 positive cases and 171 (67.85%) p16 negative cases. The p16positive group was significantly associated with younger patients (50-59 years), higher education level, lower clinical stage and patients who never drank or smoked. Through univariate logistic regression, we observed that female sex (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.60-7.51) and higher education level (OR, 9.39; 95% CI, 2, 81-31,38) were significantly more likely to be p16 positive. Early clinical stage (AJCC8ed) was more associated with p16 positivity both in univariate (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07-0.26, p<0.001) and multivariate analysis (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.49, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed that drinkers and current smokers were less likely to be p16+. Female sex, higher education level and younger age at diagnosis were associated with a higher probability of being p16+. Additionally, there was a higher proportion of patients with early clinical stage (I or II) in the p16 positive group when compared to the p16 negative group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystiano de C. Ferreira
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Rondônia, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Rozany Dufloth
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, Rede D’Or São Luiz Hospitals Network, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C. de Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Iara Santana
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Raiany S. Carvalho
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Gama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
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73
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Weizman B, Golan N, Ronen O. Effect of socioeconomic status on survival in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2021; 43:3001-3009. [PMID: 34137115 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the survival outcomes of head and neck cancer (HNC) by socioeconomic status. METHODS A national retrospective population-based cohort of HNC patients diagnosed in Israel between 2000 and 2017 was conducted. Site of residence and socioeconomic status were correlated with overall survival (OS), controlling for prognostic factors that included tumor site, stage, age, sex, and ethnic group. RESULTS Overall, 11 826 patients were identified. Patients from high socioeconomic areas had better overall 5-year survival than patients from low socioeconomic areas (p < 0.005). Patients in stage 3 from a high socioeconomic status had a longer median survival rate of 1.5 years than patients in the low-status group. In a cox proportional hazards analysis, we found age >65 (HR 2.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75-3.09, p < 0.001) and low socioeconomic group (HR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.33, p < 0.001) to be correlated with inferior OS. CONCLUSION Our findings show that patients with HNC living in low socioeconomic areas had worse OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Weizman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University Safed, Safed, Israel
| | - Nili Golan
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University Safed, Safed, Israel
| | - Ohad Ronen
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University Safed, Safed, Israel.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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Magnes T, Wagner S, Kiem D, Weiss L, Rinnerthaler G, Greil R, Melchardt T. Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4981. [PMID: 34067112 PMCID: PMC8125786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease arising from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Despite multimodality treatments approximately half of all patients with locally advanced disease relapse and the prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC is dismal. The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors improved the treatment options for these patients and pembrolizumab alone or in combination with a platinum and fluorouracil is now the standard of care for first-line therapy. However, approximately only one third of unselected patients respond to this combination and the response rate to checkpoint inhibitors alone is even lower. This shows that there is an urgent need to improve prognostication and prediction of treatment benefits in patients with HNSCC. In this review, we summarize the most relevant risk factors in the field and discuss their roles and limitations. The human papilloma virus (HPV) status for patients with oropharyngeal cancer and the combined positive score are the only biomarkers consistently used in clinical routine. Other factors, such as the tumor mutational burden and the immune microenvironment have been highly studied and are promising but need validation in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Magnes
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Sandro Wagner
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Dominik Kiem
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Lukas Weiss
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gabriel Rinnerthaler
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Melchardt
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Chen J, Li Q, Wang F, Yang M, Xie L, Zeng X. Biosafety, Nontoxic Nanoparticles for VL-NIR Photothermal Therapy Against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11240-11247. [PMID: 34056279 PMCID: PMC8153918 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Semiconductor nanocrystals
with extraordinary physicochemical and
biosafety properties with unique nanostructures have shown tremendous
potential as photothermal therapy (PTT) nanosensitizers. Herein, we
successfully synthesized chiral molybdenum (Cys-MoO3–x) nanoparticles (NPs) for overcoming the general
limitation on electron energy bands and biotoxicity. The obtained
Cys-MoO3–x NPs are selected as
an ideal design for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma
(OSCC) cells through the decoration of cysteine molecules due to excellent
initial photothermal spectral analysis of conductivity and light absorbance.
Notably, NPs possess the ability to act as visible light (VL) and
near-infrared (NIR) double-reactive agents to ablate cancer cells.
By combining photoconductive PTT with hypotoxicity biochemotherapy,
the treatment validity of OSCC cancer cells can be improved in vitro
by up to 89% (808 nm) and get potential PTT effect under VL irradiation,
which intuitively proved that the nontoxic NPs were lethally effective
for cancer cells under laser irradiation. Hence, this work highlights
a powerful and safe NP platform for NIR light-triggered PTT for use
in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells, showing promising application
prospects in oral tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qionghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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76
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Merckx G, Lo Monaco M, Lambrichts I, Himmelreich U, Bronckaers A, Wolfs E. Safety and Homing of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1619-1634. [PMID: 33822326 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers, associated with a huge mortality and morbidity. In order to improve patient outcomes, more efficient and targeted therapies are essential. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) express tumour homing capacity, which could be exploited to target anti-cancer drug delivery to the tumour region and reduce adverse side-effects. Nevertheless, dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs), an MSC-like population present in teeth, could offer important clinical benefits because of their easy isolation and superior proliferation compared to BM-MSCs. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the tumour homing and safe usage of DPSCs to treat HNC. METHODS The in vivo survival as well as the effect of intratumourally administered DPSCs on tumour aggressiveness was tested in a HNC xenograft mouse model by using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), (immuno)histology and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo tumour homing capacity of DPSCs towards a HNC cell line were evaluated by a transwell migration assay and BLI, respectively. RESULTS Intratumourally injected DPSCs survived for at least two weeks in the tumour micro-environment and had no significant influence on tumour morphology, growth, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, DPSCs migrated towards tumour cells in vitro, which could not be confirmed after their in vivo intravenous, intraperitoneal or peritumoural injection under the tested experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that intratumourally delivered DPSCs might be used as safe factories for the continuous delivery of anti-cancer drugs in HNC. Nevertheless, further optimization as well as efficacy studies are necessary to understand and improve in vivo tumour homing and determine the optimal experimental set-up of stem cell-based cancer therapies, including dosing and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Merckx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Melissa Lo Monaco
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Science (IVRU-NARILIS), UNamur - University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Herestraat, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Yang Y, Wang R, Feng L, Ma H, Fang J. LINC00460 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via miR-320a/BGN Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2279-2291. [PMID: 33833526 PMCID: PMC8019668 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s282947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cancer onset and development, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate the biological role of LINC00460 and the mechanisms underlying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HNSCC. Methods Aberrantly LINC00460 expression in HNSCC and overall survival outcomes were constructed using the TCGA database. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to examine the LINC00460 expression level in HNSCC cell lines. The role of LINC00460 knockdown on HNSCC cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT was investigated in vitro using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell assay, and Western blot assay. Besides, bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to reveal the interaction among LINC00460 and its target genes. The function of the LINC00460/miR-320a/BGN axis in HNSCC cells was clarified by rescue assays. Furthermore, the in vivo effects of LINC00460 on tumor growth were investigated using mice xenograft models. Results In this study, LINC00460 was upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells and was associated with poor clinical prognosis. Further functional analysis showed that LINC00460 knockdown decreased HNSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as EMT in vitro. Mechanistic investigation indicated that LINC00460 sponged miR-320a to upregulate Biglycan (BGN) expression, thereby facilitating HNSCC progression and induced EMT. Moreover, knockdown of LINC00460 significantly suppressed the progression of HNSCC cells in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, LINC00460 mediates miR-320a/BGN signaling axis to promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induce the EMT process in HNSCC cells. Our findings elucidated a novel mechanism underlying the progression of HNSCC. LINC00460 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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Xin W, Zhao C, Jiang L, Pei D, Zhao L, Zhang C. Identification of a Novel Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Predicting Survival in Patients With HNSCC. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:585192. [PMID: 34257533 PMCID: PMC8262154 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.585192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There have been many reports suggesting that biomarkers explored via database mining plays a critical role in predicting HNSCC prognosis. However, a single biomarker for prognostic analysis is not adequate. Additionally, there is growing evidence indicating that gene signature could be a better choice for HNSCC prognosis. We performed a comprehensive analysis of mRNA expression profiles using clinical information of HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed, and we found that a set of genes involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributed to HNSCC. Cox proportional regression model was used to identify a four-gene (WIPF1, PPIB, BASP1, PLOD2) signature that were significantly associated with overall survival (OS), and all the four genes were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues. We successfully classified the patients with HNSCC into high-risk and low-risk groups, where in high-risk indicated poorer patient prognosis, indicating that this gene signature might be a novel potential biomarker for the prognosis of HNSCC. The prognostic ability of the gene signature was further validated in an independent cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In conclusion, we identified a four-EMT-based gene signature which provides the potentiality to serve as novel independent biomarkers for predicting survival in HNSCC patients, as well as a new possibility for individualized treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoran Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Pei
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengpu Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Santacroce L, Di Cosola M, Bottalico L, Topi S, Charitos IA, Ballini A, Inchingolo F, Cazzolla AP, Dipalma G. Focus on HPV Infection and the Molecular Mechanisms of Oral Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040559. [PMID: 33810374 PMCID: PMC8067023 DOI: 10.3390/v13040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the epidemiological characteristics and biomolecular mechanisms that lead to the development of precancerous and cancerous conditions of oral lesions related to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections. Current evidence from the literature demonstrates the role of HPV in potentially malignant oral disorders. Therefore, the underlying biomolecular processes can give arise, or contribute to, benign lesions as well as to oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani” University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Skender Topi
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani” University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “G. Quagliarello”, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (G.D.)
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Qi Z, Qiu Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Lu L, Liu Y, Mathes D, Pomfret EA, Gao D, Lu SL, Wang Z. A novel diphtheria toxin-based bivalent human EGF fusion toxin for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1054-1068. [PMID: 33540470 PMCID: PMC8024719 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and represents a top candidate for targeted HNSCC therapy. However, the clinical effectiveness of current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs targeting EGFR is moderate, and the overall survival rate for HNSCC patients remains low. Therefore, more effective treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we generated a novel diphtheria toxin-based bivalent human epidermal growth factor fusion toxin (bi-EGF-IT) to treat EGFR-expressing HNSCC. Bi-EGF-IT was tested for in vitro binding affinity, cytotoxicity, and specificity using 14 human EGFR-expressing HNSCC cell lines and three human EGFR-negative cancer cell lines. Bi-EGF-IT had increased binding affinity for EGFR-expressing HNSCC compared with the monovalent version (mono-EGF-IT), and both versions specifically depleted EGFR-positive HNSCC, but not EGFR-negative cell lines, in vitro. Bi-EGF-IT exhibited a comparable potency to that of the FDA-approved EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, for inhibiting HNSCC tumor growth in vivo using both subcutaneous and orthotopic HNSCC xenograft mouse models. When tested in an experimental metastasis model, survival was significantly longer in the bi-EGF-IT treatment group than the erlotinib treatment group, with a significantly reduced number of metastases compared with mono-EGF-IT. In addition, in vivo off-target toxicities were significantly reduced in the bi-EGF-IT treatment group compared with the mono-EGF-IT group. These results demonstrate that bi-EGF-IT is more effective and markedly less toxic at inhibiting primary HNSCC tumor growth and metastasis than mono-EGF-IT and erlotinib. Thus, the novel bi-EGF-IT is a promising drug candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Qi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Mathes
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Pomfret
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Biostatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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81
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Muzaffar J, Bari S, Kirtane K, Chung CH. Recent Advances and Future Directions in Clinical Management of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:338. [PMID: 33477635 PMCID: PMC7831487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common cancer arising in the head and neck region. The most common risk factors are smoking, excessive drinking, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. While the overall incidence of smoking is decreasing, the incidence of HPV-related HNSCC is increasing in the United States and Western Europe, which led to a shift in understanding of the pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis of this disease. The outcomes for non-metastatic HNSCC remains very encouraging and continues to improve. Advances in radiation technology and techniques, better organ preserving surgical options, and multidisciplinary treatment modalities have improved cure rates for locally advanced HNSCC patients. The treatment of metastatic disease, however, remains an area of need. The advancement of immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided significantly better outcomes, but only a small proportion of patients obtain benefits. Most recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC patients continue to have poor survival. This has led to the vigorous investigation of new biomarkers and biomarker-based therapies. Novel therapeutic options including adaptive cellular therapy and therapeutic vaccines are also on the horizon. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in the field of HNSCC and the future direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Muzaffar
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Shahla Bari
- Hematology Oncology Fellow, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Kedar Kirtane
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Christine H. Chung
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.M.); (K.K.)
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82
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Ni H, Sun H, Zheng M, Bian T, Liu J, Li X, Zhang J, Liu Y. Mining database for the expression and clinical significance of STAT family in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100976. [PMID: 33395750 PMCID: PMC7736982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence, relapse and mortality rate. STAT proteins are implicated in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, and immune regulation. The mRNA level of STAT1/2/4/5A/6 were significantly upregulated in HNSC tissues. Genetic alteration revealed that STAT1/2/3/4/5A/5B/6 were altered in the queried TCGA HNSC samples. Immune infiltrations analysis suggested a significant association between STAT5A expression and the abundance of specific immune cells. Several kinase targets and transcription factor targets of STAT5A in HNSC were also identified. Enrichment analysis suggested that STAT5A and co-expression genes were mainly responsible for adaptive immune response, T cell activation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, ribosome, and RNA transport.
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSC) are among the most common malignant tumors with high incidence, relapse, and mortality rate. STAT proteins are implicated in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, and immune regulation. Method Various bioinformatics tools were used to explore the role of the STAT family in HNSC. Result The mRNA levels of STAT1/2/4/5A/6 were significantly upregulated in HNSC tissues. The levels of STAT1/2/4/5A/6 could be used for the detection of HNSC. HNSC patients with a high level of STAT5A had a poor overall survival and relapse-free survival. A moderate to high correlation was obtained between the STAT family and HNSC. Genetic alteration revealed that STAT1/2/3/4/5A/5B/6 were altered in 6%, 5%, 7%, 8%, 6%, 6%, and 4% of the queried TCGA HNSC samples, respectively. Immune infiltrations analysis suggested a significant association between STAT5A expression and abundance of specific immune cells. Further, copy number alteration of STAT5A could certainly inhibit infiltration level. Moreover, a close correlation was obtained between STAT5A level and the expression of immune markers in HNSC. Several kinase targets and transcription factor targets of STAT5A in HNSC were also identified. Enrichment analysis suggested that STAT5A and co-expression genes were mainly responsible for adaptive immune response, T cell activation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, cell-adhesion molecules, and ribosome and RNA transport. Conclusion Our results provided additional data for the expression and clinical significance of the STAT family in HNSC, and further study should be performed to verify these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Miaosen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
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83
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Fathima T, Arumugam P, AS SG, Priyadharsini JV. Decoding the Genetic Alterations in Genes of DNMT Family (DNA Methyl-Transferase) and their Association with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3605-3612. [PMID: 33369458 PMCID: PMC8046301 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic modifications are gaining focus due to their indirect association with tumorigenesis. DNA methylation plays a prime role in regulation of gene expression. Any aberrations in this gene family may lead to chromosomal instability and increased magnitude of tumour progression. In line with the above fact, the present study has been designed to identify genetic alterations in the genes of the DNMT (DNA methyl-transferase) family among head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients (HNSCC). METHODS The present study follows an observational design employing computational tools for analysis. The TCGA-Firehose Legacy data was assessed using the cBioportal database. The dataset comprised of 530 samples from HNSCC patients which were assessed for genetic alterations in the DNMT family. Furthermore, the protein stability analysis and pathogenicity of the mutations were assessed using I-Mutant Suite and PROVEAN tools. RESULTS Almost all genes of the DNMT family harboured gene amplification. The TRDMT1 and DNMT3L genes showed deep deletions. Apart from these several non-synonymous, truncating and splice-site mutations were also documented. Protein stability and pathogenicity analysis revealed that majority of the mutations were found to decrease the stability and impose pathogenicity. Upon probing for reported mutations using gnomAD database, around six reference single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified which were found to exhibit a minor allele frequency less than 0.01. CONCLUSIONS Screening of an exhaustive collection of patient's samples could provide immense knowledge about the disease pathogenesis and identification of therapeutic leads. The variants identified in the present study could be used as diagnostic markers. However, further experimental analysis through genotyping assay is warranted to validate the present findings. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Fathima
- Saveetha Dental College, Velappanchavadi, Poonamallee High Road, India.
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai-77, India.
| | - Smiline Girija AS
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - J Vijayashree Priyadharsini
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre - Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai-77, India.
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84
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Tian Y, Wang J, Qin C, Zhu G, Chen X, Chen Z, Qin Y, Wei M, Li Z, Zhang X, Lv Y, Cai G. Identifying 8-mRNAsi Based Signature for Predicting Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Machine Learning. Front Genet 2020; 11:566159. [PMID: 33329703 PMCID: PMC7721480 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been characterized by several exclusive features that include differentiation, self-renew, and homeostatic control, which allows tumor maintenance and spread. Recurrence and therapeutic resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have been identified to be attributed to CSCs. However, the biomarkers led to the development of HNSCC stem cells remain less defined. In this study, we quantified cancer stemness by mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi), and found that mRNAsi indices were higher in HNSCC tissues than that in normal tissue. A significantly higher mRNAsi was observed in HPV positive patients than HPV negative patients, as well as in male patients than in female patients. The 8-mRNAsi signature was identified from the genes in two modules which were mostly related to mRNAsi screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. In this prognostic signatures, high expression of RGS16, LYVE1, hnRNPC, ANP32A, and AIMP1 focus in promoting cell proliferation and tumor progression. While ZNF66, PIK3R3, and MAP2K7 are associated with a low risk of death. The riskscore of eight signatures have a powerful capacity for 1-, 3-, 5-year of overall survival prediction (5-year AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.85). These findings based on stemness indices may provide a novel understanding of target therapy for suppressing HNSCC stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuexiang Qin
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhexuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunxia Lv
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gengming Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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85
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Zhang Y, Sun X. Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Therapeutic Prospect. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10207-10220. [PMID: 33116602 PMCID: PMC7553669 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s270342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of head and neck cancers, which occurs in the oral cavity, oral pharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. The 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients is only 63%, mainly because about 80–90% of patients with advanced HNSCC tend to suffer from local recurrence or even distant metastasis. Despite the more in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of HNSCC in recent years, effective targeted therapies are unavailable for HNSCC, which emphasize the urgent demand for studies in this area. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase that contributes to oncogenesis and tumor progression by its significant function in cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration. In addition, FAK exerts an effect on the tumor microenvironment, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, radiation (chemotherapy) resistance, tumor stem cells and regulation of inflammatory factors. Moreover, the overexpression and activation of FAK are detected in multiple types of tumors, including HNSCC. FAK inhibition can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, significantly decrease cell growth, invasion and migration in HNSCC cell lines. In this article, we mainly review the research progress of FAK in the occurrence, development and metastasis of HNSCC, and put forward the prospects for the therapeutic targets of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Carrilho TRB, Farias DR, Batalha MA, Costa NCF, Rasmussen KM, Reichenheim ME, Ohuma EO, Hutcheon JA, Kac G. Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium: establishment, data harmonization and basic characteristics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14869. [PMID: 32913200 PMCID: PMC7483530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pooled data analysis in the field of maternal and child nutrition rarely incorporates data from low- and middle-income countries and existing studies lack a description of the methods used to harmonize the data and to assess heterogeneity. We describe the creation of the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium dataset, from multiple pooled longitudinal studies, having gestational weight gain (GWG) as an example. Investigators of the eligible studies published from 1990 to 2018 were invited to participate. We conducted consistency analysis, identified outliers, and assessed heterogeneity for GWG. Outliers identification considered the longitudinal nature of the data. Heterogeneity was performed adjusting multilevel models. We identified 68 studies and invited 59 for this initiative. Data from 29 studies were received, 21 were retained for analysis, resulting in a final sample of 17,344 women with 72,616 weight measurements. Fewer than 1% of all weight measurements were flagged as outliers. Women with pre-pregnancy obesity had lower values for GWG throughout pregnancy. GWG, birth length and weight were similar across the studies and remarkably similar to a Brazilian nationwide study. Pooled data analyses can increase the potential of addressing important questions regarding maternal and child health, especially in countries where research investment is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Rangel Bousquet Carrilho
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373/CCS, bloco J, 2 andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Dayana Rodrigues Farias
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373/CCS, bloco J, 2 andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mônica Araújo Batalha
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373/CCS, bloco J, 2 andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Cristina Freitas Costa
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373/CCS, bloco J, 2 andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Kathleen M Rasmussen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 227 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Michael E Reichenheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 7 andar, Bloco D, Sala 7018, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Eric O Ohuma
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research (PMB), South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Suite 930, 1125 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373/CCS, bloco J, 2 andar, sala 29, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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87
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Katada C, Yokoyama T, Yano T, Oda I, Shimizu Y, Takemura K, Koike T, Takizawa K, Hirao M, Okada H, Nakayama N, Kubota Y, Matsuo Y, Kawakubo H, Ishikawa H, Yokoyama A, Muto M. Association between the findings of metachronous secondary primary malignancies and the number of Lugol-voiding lesions. Dis Esophagus 2020; 33:5734967. [PMID: 32052025 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the relation between dysplastic squamous epithelium in the esophageal mucosa and the development of metachronous secondary primary malignancies (mSPM) other than esophagus after endoscopic resection (ER) in patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We studied 330 patients with early esophageal SCC who underwent ER as a post hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID UMIN000001676). Lugol-voiding lesions (LVL) were graded into 3 categories (A = no lesion; B = 1 to 9 lesions; C ≥ 10 lesions). The following variables were studied: (i) the incidences of mSPM other than esophagus; (ii) the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of mSPM; (iii) the cumulative incidence and total number of mSPM other than esophagus; and (iv) predictors of mSPM other than esophagus on analysis with a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model. After a median follow-up of 46.6 months, mSPM other than esophagus was diagnosed in a total of 73 patients (90 lesions). Among the 106 patients in group C, 37 patients had mSPM (51 lesions), including head and neck cancer in 14 patients (24 lesions) and gastric cancer in 12 patients (16 lesions). The SIR of mSPM was 3.61 in this study subjects. An increase in the LVL grade (A to B to C) was associated with a progressive increase in the cumulative incidence rate of mSPM other than esophagus (P = 0.017 for A vs. C, P = 0.023 for B vs. C). An increase in the LVL grade (A to B to C) was also associated with a progressive increase in the total number of mSPM other than esophagus per 100 person-years (primary events, relative risk [RR] = 1.66 and 3.24 for grades B and C, respectively, vs. A, P = 0.002 for trend; all events, RR = 1.81 and 4.66 for grades B and C, respectively, vs. A, P < 0.0001 for trend). LVL grade C was a strong predictor of mSPM other than esophagus (RR = 3.41 for A vs. C). LVL grade may be a useful predictor of the risk of mSPM other than esophagus after ER in patients with early esophageal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikatoshi Katada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takemura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Takizawa
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirao
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norisuke Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Matsuo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- Clinical Research Unit, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Chen SY, Massa S, Mazul AL, Kallogjeri D, Yaeger L, Jackson RS, Zevallos J, Pipkorn P. The association of smoking and outcomes in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer: A systematic review. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102592. [PMID: 32521295 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While smoking is linked to worse outcomes for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC), the magnitude of this association and the amount of smoking exposure necessary to confer clinically significant differences in outcomes is unclear. Recent studies suggested that greater tobacco exposure results in higher risk of cancer progression and death. Our study objective was to perform a systematic review of the association between smoking and HPV-related OPSCC outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted in April 2019 to identify relevant articles using Embase, Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Cochrane databases. All studies were independently screened by two investigators to identify studies that assessed HPV-positive patients as an independent cohort, specified smoking measures, and reported locoregional recurrence (LRR), overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), or disease-free survival (DFS) in association with smoking. RESULTS Of 1130 studies identified, 10 met final inclusion criteria with 2321 total patients, mean age 57.5 years. Smoking measures included ever vs never, current vs never/former smokers, ≤10 vs >10 pack-year, and continuous pack-years. Of these studies, 8 (80%) showed a significant effect of smoking on increasing recurrence and mortality. Adjusted HRs for LRR ranged from 0.6 to 5.2, OS from 1.3 to 4.0, DSS from 2.3 to 7.2, and DFS from 1.02 to 4.2 among heavier smokers compared to lighter/non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS While there was significant variability in smoking metrics and reported outcomes, all studies reporting statistically significant HRs showed that smoking was associated with worse outcomes. Further studies using uniform smoking measures are necessary to better understand this association.
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Thomas S, Carroll JC, Brown MC, Chen Z, Mirshams M, Patel D, Boyd K, Pierre A, Goldstein DP, Giuliani ME, Xu W, Eng L, Khodayari Moez E, Liu G, Hung RJ. Nicotine dependence as a risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers: A mediation analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237723. [PMID: 32857771 PMCID: PMC7454981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated nicotine dependence as an independent risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers, including lung and head and neck cancers (HNC). The study aimed to isolate the direct effect of nicotine dependence, independent of tobacco smoking. METHODS A case-control study with a total of 4957 participants was conducted in Ontario, Canada, of which 2964 categorized as either current or former smokers were used in the analysis. Nicotine dependence of ever-smokers (2360 UADT cases and 604 controls) was measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Using mediation analyses and adjusted logistic regression models, we decomposed the direct effect of nicotine dependence and the mediated effect of smoking duration to quantify the risks of lung and HNC. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cancer subtypes were assessed. RESULTS Most individual nicotine dependence behaviours showed positive associations with lung cancer with approximately 1.8 to 3.5-fold risk increase, and to lesser extent with 1.4 to 2.3-fold risk for HNC. Nicotine dependence is partially accountable for increased risks of lung cancer (OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.13-1.28) and HNC (1.12, 95%CI = 1.04-1.19). Nicotine dependence had a greater effect on the risk of HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.65-5.66) in comparison to HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.67-1.65). The direct effects of nicotine dependence remained significant after accounting for cumulative tobacco exposures. CONCLUSION Nicotine dependence increases the risks of lung and HNC cancers after accounting for tobacco smoking, suggesting potential toxic effects of nicotine. These results are informative for the safety consideration of nicotine exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Thomas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - June C. Carroll
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health System; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Catherine Brown
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Chen
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Mirshams
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Devalben Patel
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Boyd
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Pierre
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P. Goldstein
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meredith E. Giuliani
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawson Eng
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elham Khodayari Moez
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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90
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Vasicek SM, Pondorfer P, Holzmeister C, Graupp M, Weiland T, Wolf A, Moser U, Wild D, Thurnher D. Head and neck cancer in Styria : An epidemiologic and clinical audit. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 132:444-451. [PMID: 31940091 PMCID: PMC7445200 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-01591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of patients with cancer of the head and neck is significantly improved by increased interdisciplinary cooperation. The main focus of this study was a comparison of epidemiologic factors (age, sex, origin, staging) of patients with head and neck cancer in Styria, with those for patients throughout Austria. METHODS A retrospective data analysis of collected archived tumor board protocols of the Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Graz included the patient's age, sex, area of residence, TNM stage, reasons for inoperability, comorbidities and performance status by ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), was performed. This study focuses on 340 patients who presented with a head and neck malignancy for the first time. RESULTS In the period from January 2014 to December 2015 a total of 252 men (74.1%) and 88 women (25.9%) with malignant head and neck tumors, were presented in the tumor board for the first time. The mean age at diagnosis was 63.4 years. In 45.5% the patients already demonstrated advanced tumor stages (T4 = 27.9%, T3 = 17.6%). Most newly diagnosed neoplasms were cancers of the oropharynx (24.1%), larynx (19.4%) and oral cavity (18.8%) and 36.5% were considered to be inoperable. Curative and palliative treatments were initiated in 83.2% and 16.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION The region of south Styria showed a higher incidence of T3 and T4 tumors of the oropharynx than the average Austrian population. Measures to increase awareness of this problem should be initiated to support general otorhinolaryngologists and general practitioners in detecting oropharyngeal cancers at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Vasicek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Prisca Pondorfer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Holzmeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Graupp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Weiland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Axel Wolf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Moser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Wild
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Ried, Schlossberg 1, 4910 Ried im Innkreis, Austria
| | - Dietmar Thurnher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 26, 8036 Graz, Austria
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91
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Association between APOBEC3H-Mediated Demethylation and Immune Landscape in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4612375. [PMID: 32775421 PMCID: PMC7397441 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4612375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been demonstrated as a promising strategy in controlling head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). The AID/APOBEC family is well characterized as DNA mutator and considered to play critical roles in immune responses in HNSC. However, the expression pattern and deamination-dependent demethylation roles of AID/APOBECs in HNSC are unclear. In this study, the RNA-seq and DNA methylation profiles of HNSC from TCGA database and cell-based experiments were applied to analyze the relationships between AID/APOBEC expression levels, patients' clinical outcomes, methylation alterations, and immune responses. Here, we found that APOBEC3H was abnormally upregulated in HNSC patients. HPV+ patients tended to have higher APOBEC3H levels than HPV- patients. Remarkably, patients with high APOBEC3H levels showed a favorable overall survival. Furthermore, tumors with high APOBEC3H levels exhibited a genome-wide DNA hypomethylation pattern. APOBEC3H was identified to demethylate and upregulate CXCL10 and improve CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, APOBEC3H plays critical roles in CD8+ T cell immune infiltration and activation in HNSC, which may be a potential biomarker for oncoimmunotherapy in HNSC.
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92
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The Molecular Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Head and neck cancers (HNC) constitute the sixth common type of malignancies worldwide and can affect a wide range of anatomical regions. The role of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been previously investigated. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in patients with HNC. Methods: A total of 156 patients with HNC were chosen including 90 biopsies and 66 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. HNC was confirmed and affected different anatomical regions. HSV detection was performed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HSV typing was assessed by a multiplex PCR. Results: The 156 HNC specimens included 35 (22.4%) larynx, 29 (18.6%) tongue, 6 (3.8%) glands (parotid and tonsil), 12 (7.6%) nasopharynx, 9 (5.7%) pharynx, 33 (21%) vocal cord, 3 (1.9%) palatine, glottis 17 (10.8%), nasal 2 (1.3%), mandibular 4 (2.5%), lip 4 (2.5%), neck 1 (0.6%), and face 1 (0.6%). The mean ± SD of the patients’ age was 60.3 ± 12.65, where 121 (77.1%) were male. The HSV was detected in 4 (2.6%) samples and 75% of HSV positive samples were HSV-1. Conclusions: The rate of HSV infection in Iranian patients with HNC was 2.6% with the majority being HSV-1 (75%). As a preliminary study in Iranian patients with HNC, cancer location was not statistically significant. Further investigations are needed to assess the role of HSV in HNC.
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Santosh ABR, R. Collins J, Jones T, Brache M, Toro M, Tumanyan S, Walters C, White S, Elias-Boneta A. The SmoCar Study: A Caribbean-Based Multicenter Study on the Prevalence and Disparities Linked to Smoking and Gingival Health. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2020; 40:321-330. [DOI: 10.1177/0272684x19895901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the SmoCar (Smoking in the Caribbean) study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and the disparities in the smoking practices of three regions in the Caribbean: Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. The secondary objective was to assess the prevalence and severity of gingivitis in relation to the smoking practices. The study population comprised 1,847 (weighted N = 1,830) individuals (18 years and older) who were volunteer participants from the capitals of Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. A structured interview was used to assess the participants’ smoking behaviors. The gingival index was used to determine the extent of gingival inflammation. Polytomous regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for smoking status (current, past, or never), according to risk factors (sex, age-group, education, marital status, tooth-brushing frequency, and city of residence). Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between different smoking status variables and mild to moderate/severe gingivitis. The majority of the participants were never-smokers, with current smokers being found most commonly in Kingston (33.22%), followed by San Juan (12.76%) and Santo Domingo (8.8%). Both current (aOR = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [1.45, 3.40]) and past (aOR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [1.19, 2.93]) smoking (vs. never smoking) was strongly associated with severe gingivitis. Smoking was the most prevalent in Jamaicans and the least prevalent in Dominicans. The study population of current smokers was found to have a fourfold increased risk of severe gingivitis and a twofold increased risk of moderate gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R. Collins
- School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Thaon Jones
- University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Michael Brache
- School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Milagros Toro
- School of Dental Medicine, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sona Tumanyan
- School of Dental Medicine, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Sharon White
- University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
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94
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Abstract
AbstractHead-and-neck cancers pose a serious economic burden, with most countries investing significant resources to reduce the incidence, primarily focusing on understanding addictive etiologies. The traditional literature focused on tobacco and alcohol use, with few studies on contemporary factors such as e-cigarette, waterpipe smoking, and human papillomavirus. This article attempts to collate and present an update on the globally identified etiologic factors.The aim of this study was to identify and review the addictive etiologic factors causing head-and-neck cancers.An electronic search was performed on Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify the etiologies causing head-and-neck cancers and narrowed down on those driven by addiction. Further, we identified their constituents, mechanism of action, and the risks attributable to various forms of products.Substances identified included smoked and chewed tobacco, alcohol, mate, marijuana, areca nut and betel quid, and viruses. An alarming majority of youth are now utilizing these substances. Furthermore, migrant movements have led to the spread of traditional practices across the regions, especially from the Asian subcontinent.Ironically, despite modern advances and technology, we still see that a large proportion of population succumb to these cancers, emphasizing the need for more effective and targeted policies to combat this menace at the grassroots level.
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95
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Shete S, Liu H, Wang J, Yu R, Sturgis EM, Li G, Dahlstrom KR, Liu Z, Amos CI, Wei Q. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Novel Susceptible Regions for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2451-2460. [PMID: 32276964 PMCID: PMC7299763 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants for risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), we conducted a two-phase genome-wide association study consisting of 7,858,089 SNPs in 2,171 cases and 4,493 controls of non-Hispanic white, of which, 434,839 typed and 7,423,250 imputed SNPs were used as the discovery. SNPs with P < 1 × 10-3 were further validated in the OncoArray study of oral and pharynx cancer (5,205 cases and 3,232 controls of European ancestry) from databases of Genotypes and Phenotypes. Meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies identified one novel locus 6p22.1 (P = 2.96 × 10-9 for the leading rs259919) and two cancer susceptibility loci 6p21.32 (rs3135001, HLA-DQB1) and 6p21.33 (rs1265081, CCHCR1) associated with SCCHN risk. Further stratification by tumor site revealed four known cancer loci (5p15.33, 6p21.32, 6p21.33, and 2p23.1) associated with oral cavity cancer risk and oropharyngeal cancer risk, respectively. In addition, one novel locus 18q22.2 (P = 2.54 × 10-9 for the leading SNP rs142021700) was identified for hypopharynx and larynx cancer risk. For SNPs in those reported or novel loci, we also performed functional annotations by bioinformatics prediction and expression quantitative trait loci analysis. Collectively, our identification of four reported loci (2p23.1, 5p15.33, 6p21.32, and 6p21.33) and two novel loci (6p22.1 and 18q22.2) for SCCHN risk highlight the importance of human leukocyte antigen loci for oropharyngeal cancer risk, suggesting that immunologic mechanisms are implicated in the etiology of this subset of SCCHN. SIGNIFICANCE: Two novel risk loci for SCCHN in non-Hispanic white individuals highlight the importance of immunologic mechanism in the disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Shete
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristina R Dahlstrom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher I Amos
- The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
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96
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Liu CM, Yu CC, Lin T, Liao YW, Hsieh PL, Yu CH, Lee SS. E3 ligase STUB1 attenuates stemness and tumorigenicity of oral carcinoma cells via transglutaminase 2 regulation. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1532-1538. [PMID: 32553686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Oral cancer is amongst the most prevalent cancers worldwide with rising incidence. Various attempts have been made to elucidate its pathogenesis, and we sought to examine the function of a ubiquitin E3 ligase that was encoded by STUB1. METHODS The mRNA expression of STUB1 in oral cancer samples and normal counterparts was determined by qRT-PCR. Numerous assays to assess the features of cancer cells, including self-renewal capacity, invasion and migration abilities were conducted following knockdown or overexpression of STUB1. RESULTS The expression level of STUB1 was reduced in oral cancer, which was associated with a reduced relapse-free survival. Two oral cancer cell lines with low expression of STUB1 (SAS and HSC3) were chosen for the overexpression of STUB1. We showed that ectopic expression of STUB1 led to the downregulation of TGM2, a multifunctional protein that contributed to cancer progression in several cancers. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of STUB1 suppressed the cancer aggressiveness, while restoration of TGM2 reverted the effects. Last, we showed that STUB1 silencing resulted in enhanced cancer features. CONCLUSION The abnormal downregulation of STUB1 may lessen its suppressive effect on TGM2, which induced the onset or exacerbated the progression of oral cancer. The therapeutic approach to enhance the expression of STUB1 could be a promising direction for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Liu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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97
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Dose-related effect of secondhand smoke on cardiovascular disease in nonsmokers: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 228:113546. [PMID: 32387882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the positive association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), no comprehensive assessment on the dose-response relationship between SHS and CVD has yet been reported. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to update the binary association, and to elucidate the dose-response relationship of both self-reported and objectively measured SHS exposure with CVD. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published up to November 12, 2019. Random-effects models were used to assess the summary odds ratios (ORs) of CVD with SHS exposure. Restricted cubic splines were used to fit the dose-response relationship. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible observational studies were included in this meta-analysis to investigate the association between SHS exposure and CVD. Based on the meta-analysis, the pooled OR of CVD was 1.22 (95% CI 1.17-1.28) for the self-reported SHS individuals as comparing to the non-exposed group. The result of restricted cubic splines showed a risk plateau of SHS exposure at 15 cigarettes per day (Pnon-linearity = 0.042), while other characteristics s of SHS exposure (amount, daily and cumulative duration, and cotinine) were in linear relationships with CVD (Pnon-linearity >0.05). In addition, an estimated of 6.77% (95% CI: 5.31%-8.46%) of all CVD cases in men and 7.15% (95% CI: 5.62%-8.93%) in women might be attributed to SHS exposure worldwide. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to SHS is associated with an increased risk of CVD regardless of the modes. And thus, well-enforced smoke-free laws could possibly reduce a substantial risk of CVD caused by SHS.
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98
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Li H, Xiong HG, Xiao Y, Yang QC, Yang SC, Tang HC, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Long Non-coding RNA LINC02195 as a Regulator of MHC I Molecules and Favorable Prognostic Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:615. [PMID: 32435615 PMCID: PMC7218046 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules is an important mechanism by which cancer cells escape immunosurveillance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in immune response and regulation including antigen processing and presentation. However, few studies on lncRNAs regulating MHC I expression in HNSCC have been conducted. In this study, MHC I related lncRNAs were identified from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC database. One of the lncRNAs, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2195 (LINC02195), was found to be associated with genes encoding MHC I molecules and patient prognosis in the TCGA database. KEGG and GO analyses suggested that LINC02195 was closely related to antigen processing and presentation. qRT-PCR revealed high expression of LINC02195 in human HNSCC tissues and HNSCC cell lines compared with normal mucosal tissues. in situ hybridization of the HNSCC tissue microarray revealed a correlation between high LINC02195 expression and a favorable prognosis in our patient cohort. Silencing of LINC02195 decreased MHC I protein expression, as evidenced by western blotting. Multiplex immunochemistry was performed to reveal the positive correlation between high LINC02195 expression and an increased number of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Based on our study, LINC02195 is a promising prognostic marker and a target for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Gang Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Chao Tang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Oral Cancer: A Historical Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093168. [PMID: 32370133 PMCID: PMC7246763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: This historical medical literature review aims at understanding the evolution of the medical existence of oral cancer over times, particularly better comprehending if the apparent lower prevalence of this type of cancer in antiquity is a real value due to the absence of modern environmental and lifestyle factors or it is linked to a misinterpretation of ancient foreign terms found in ancient medical texts regarding oral neoplasms. Methods: The databases MedLne, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier's EMBASE.com, Cochrane Review, National Library of Greece (Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Athens) and the Library of the School of Health Sciences of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece) were extensively searched for relevant studies published during the past century on the history of oral cancer and its treatment from antiquity to modern times, in addition to the WHO website to analyse the latest epidemiological data. In addition, we included historical books on the topic of interest and original sources. Results: Historical references reveal that the cradle of the oral oncology was in ancient Egypt, the Asian continent and Greece and cancer management was confined to an approximate surgical practice, in order to remove abnormal masses and avoid bleeding with cauterization. In the Medieval Age, little progress occurred in medicine in general, oral cancers management included. It is only from the Renaissance to modern times that knowledge about its pathophysiological mechanisms and histopathology and its surgical and pharmacological treatment approaches became increasingly deep all over the world, evolving to the actual integrated treatment. Despite the abundant literature exploring oncology in past civilizations, the real prevalence of oral cancer in antiquity is much less known; but a literature analysis cannot exclude a consistent prevalence of this cancer in past populations, probably with a likely lower incidence than today, because many descriptions of its aggressiveness were found in ancient medical texts, but it is still difficult to be sure that each single description of oral masses could be associated to cancer, particularly for what concerns the period before the Middle Ages. Conclusions: Modern oncologists and oral surgeons must learn a lot from their historic counterparts in order to avoid past unsuccessful efforts to treatment oral malignancies. Several descriptions of oral cancers in the antiquity that we found let us think that this disease might be linked to mechanisms not strictly dependent on environmental risk factors, and this might guide future research on oral cavity treatments towards strategical cellular and molecular techniques.
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Gupta A, Koochakzadeh S, Neskey DM, Nguyen SA, Lentsch EJ. Incidence and survival trends of parotid malignancies over 42 years. Head Neck 2020; 42:2308-2315. [PMID: 32314846 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of information regarding the incidence and survival of parotid malignancies over time. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based cancer registry was queried for parotid malignancies from 1973 to 2015. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence of parotid malignancies has increased by 58.1% (7.87-12.44 per 1 000 000). Analysis of histologic type revealed an increased annual percent change (APC) of acinar cell carcinoma (1.38) and squamous cell carcinoma (1.58), but decreased APC of adenoid cystic carcinoma (-1.63) and adenocarcinoma NOS (-0.86) (P < .05). The disease-specific survival of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma NOS, and squamous cell carcinoma significantly improved (P < .05) over time. CONCLUSION The incidence of parotid cancer is rising steadily since 1973, while the incidence of overall head and neck cancer has decreased. Further research is necessary to understand the etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of parotid cancer to curb its rising incidence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigeet Gupta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sina Koochakzadeh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David M Neskey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J Lentsch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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