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Lu Z, Huo T, Deng J, Guo F, Liu K, Liu P, Wang Q, Xiong L. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation induced sedative effects in healthy volunteers: A resting-state fMRI study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:843186. [PMID: 36741778 PMCID: PMC9893780 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.843186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicated the sedative effect of acupoint stimulation. However, its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the sedative effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) and to explore the brain regions involved in this effect in healthy volunteers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. Methods In this randomized trial, 26 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to the TEAS group (receiving 30 min of acupoint stimulation at HT7/PC4) and the control group. fMRI was conducted before and after the intervention. The primary outcome was the BIS value during the intervention. Secondary outcomes included the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and region of interest (ROI)-based functional connectivity (FC) showed by fMRI. Results In healthy volunteers, compared with the control group, ALFF values in the TEAS-treated volunteers decreased in the left thalamus, right putamen, and midbrain, while they increased in the left orbitofrontal cortex. More FC existed between the thalamus and the insula, middle cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, amygdala, and putamen in subjects after TEAS treatment compared with subjects that received non-stimulation. In addition, ALFF values of the thalamus positively correlated with BIS in both groups. Conclusion Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation could induce a sedative effect in healthy volunteers, and inhibition of the thalamus was among its possible mechanisms. Clinical trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT01896063.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Lize Xiong ✉
| | - Tingting Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Zhihong Lu ✉
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52
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Pozeg P, Alemán-Goméz Y, Jöhr J, Muresanu D, Pincherle A, Ryvlin P, Hagmann P, Diserens K, Dunet V. Structural connectivity in recovery after coma: Connectome atlas approach. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103358. [PMID: 36868043 PMCID: PMC9996111 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pathological states of recovery after coma as a result of a severe brain injury are marked with changes in structural connectivity of the brain. This study aimed to identify a topological correlation between white matter integrity and the level of functional and cognitive impairment in patients recovering after coma. METHODS Structural connectomes were computed based on fractional anisotropy maps from 40 patients using a probabilistic human connectome atlas. We used a network based statistics approach to identify potential brain networks associated with a more favorable outcome, assessed with clinical neurobehavioral scores at the patient's discharge from the acute neurorehabilitation unit. RESULTS We identified a subnetwork whose strength of connectivity correlated with a more favorable outcome as measured with the Disability Rating Scale (network based statistics: t >3.5, P =.010). The subnetwork predominated in the left hemisphere and included the thalamic nuclei, putamen, precentral and postcentral gyri, and medial parietal regions. Spearman correlation between the mean fractional anisotropy value of the subnetwork and the score was ρ = -0.60 (P <.0001). A less extensive overlapping subnetwork correlated with the Coma Recovery Scale Revised score, consisting mostly of the left hemisphere connectivity between the thalamic nuclei and pre- and post-central gyri (network based statistics: t >3.5, P =.033; Spearman's ρ = 0.58, P <.0001). CONCLUSION The present findings suggest an important role of structural connectivity between the thalamus, putamen and somatomotor cortex in the recovery from coma as evaluated with neurobehavioral scores. These structures are part of the motor circuit involved in the generation and modulation of voluntary movement, as well as the forebrain mesocircuit supposedly underlying the maintenance of consciousness. As behavioural assessment of consciousness depends heavily on the signs of voluntary motor behaviour, further work will elucidate whether the identified subnetwork reflects the structural architecture underlying the recovery of consciousness or rather the ability to communicate its content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Pozeg
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Alemán-Goméz
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Jane Jöhr
- Neurology and Acute Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Dafin Muresanu
- Department of Neuroscience, Luliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400347, Romania
| | - Alessandro Pincherle
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hôpitaux Robert Schuman, Luxembourg 2540, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- Laboratory of Cortical Excitability and Arousal Disorders, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Karin Diserens
- Neurology and Acute Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dunet
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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53
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Li H, Zhang X, Sun X, Dong L, Lu H, Yue S, Zhang H. Functional networks in prolonged disorders of consciousness. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1113695. [PMID: 36875660 PMCID: PMC9981972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged disorders of consciousness (DoC) are characterized by extended disruptions of brain activities that sustain wakefulness and awareness and are caused by various etiologies. During the past decades, neuroimaging has been a practical method of investigation in basic and clinical research to identify how brain properties interact in different levels of consciousness. Resting-state functional connectivity within and between canonical cortical networks correlates with consciousness by a calculation of the associated temporal blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal process during functional MRI (fMRI) and reveals the brain function of patients with prolonged DoC. There are certain brain networks including the default mode, dorsal attention, executive control, salience, auditory, visual, and sensorimotor networks that have been reported to be altered in low-level states of consciousness under either pathological or physiological states. Analysis of brain network connections based on functional imaging contributes to more accurate judgments of consciousness level and prognosis at the brain level. In this review, neurobehavioral evaluation of prolonged DoC and the functional connectivity within brain networks based on resting-state fMRI were reviewed to provide reference values for clinical diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaonian Zhang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sun
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linghui Dong
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Yue
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurorehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Xu C, Wu W, Zheng X, Liang Q, Huang X, Zhong H, Xiao Q, Lan Y, Bai Y, Xie Q. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the posterior parietal cortex improves functional recovery in nonresponsive patients: A crossover, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1059789. [PMID: 36873436 PMCID: PMC9978157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1059789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) can benefit from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy. The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is becoming increasingly important in neuroscience research and clinical treatment for DoC as it plays a crucial role in the formation of human consciousness. However, the effect of rTMS on the PPC in improving consciousness recovery remains to be studied. Method We conducted a crossover, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical study to assess the efficacy and safety of 10 Hz rTMS over the left PPC in unresponsive patients. Twenty patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome were recruited. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: one group received active rTMS treatment for 10 consecutive days (n = 10) and the other group received sham treatment for the same period (n = 10). After a 10-day washout period, the groups crossed over and received the opposite treatment. The rTMS protocol involved the delivery of 2000 pulses/day at a frequency of 10 Hz, targeting the left PPC (P3 electrode sites) at 90% of the resting motor threshold. The primary outcome measure was the JFK Coma Recovery Scele-Revised (CRS-R), and evaluations were conducted blindly. EEG power spectrum assessments were also conducted simultaneously before and after each stage of the intervention. Result rTMS-active treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the CRS-R total score (F = 8.443, p = 0.009) and the relative alpha power (F = 11.166, p = 0.004) compared to sham treatment. Furthermore, 8 out of 20 patients classified as rTMS responders showed improvement and evolved to a minimally conscious state (MCS) as a result of active rTMS. The relative alpha power also significantly improved in responders (F = 26.372, p = 0.002) but not in non-responders (F = 0.704, p = 0.421). No adverse effects related to rTMS were reported in the study. Conclusions This study suggests that 10 Hz rTMS over the left PPC can significantly improve functional recovery in unresponsive patients with DoC, with no reported side effects. Clinical trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05187000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimei Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haili Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyi Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyou Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Disorders of Consciousness, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zheng RZ, Qi ZX, Wang Z, Xu ZY, Wu XH, Mao Y. Clinical Decision on Disorders of Consciousness After Acquired Brain Injury: Stepping Forward. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:138-162. [PMID: 35804219 PMCID: PMC9849546 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Major advances have been made over the past few decades in identifying and managing disorders of consciousness (DOC) in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI), bringing the transformation from a conceptualized definition to a complex clinical scenario worthy of scientific exploration. Given the continuously-evolving framework of precision medicine that integrates valuable behavioral assessment tools, sophisticated neuroimaging, and electrophysiological techniques, a considerably higher diagnostic accuracy rate of DOC may now be reached. During the treatment of patients with DOC, a variety of intervention methods are available, including amantadine and transcranial direct current stimulation, which have both provided class II evidence, zolpidem, which is also of high quality, and non-invasive stimulation, which appears to be more encouraging than pharmacological therapy. However, heterogeneity is profoundly ingrained in study designs, and only rare schemes have been recommended by authoritative institutions. There is still a lack of an effective clinical protocol for managing patients with DOC following ABI. To advance future clinical studies on DOC, we present a comprehensive review of the progress in clinical identification and management as well as some challenges in the pathophysiology of DOC. We propose a preliminary clinical decision protocol, which could serve as an ideal reference tool for many medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng-Xin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ze-Yu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue-Hai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Ten-Year Change in Disorders of Consciousness: A Bibliometric Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 59:medicina59010078. [PMID: 36676702 PMCID: PMC9867218 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Disorders of consciousness (DoC) is a dynamic and challenging discipline, presenting intriguing challenges to clinicians and neurorehabilitation specialists for the lack of reliable assessment methods and interventions. Understanding DoC keeps pace with scientific research is urgent to need. We quantitively analyzed publications on DoC over the recent 10 years via bibliometrics analysis, to summarize the intellectual structure, current research hotspots, and future research trends in the field of DoC. Methods: Literature was obtained from the Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). To illustrate the knowledge structure of DoC, CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to conduct a co-occurrence analysis of countries, institutions, and keywords, and a co-citation analysis of references and journals. Also, Gephi 0.9.2 contributed to the author and co-cited author analysis. We found the most influential journals, authors, and countries and the most talked about keywords in the last decade of research. Results: A total of 1919 publications were collected. Over the past 10 years, the total number of annual publications has continued to increase, with the largest circulation in 2018. We found most DoC research and close cooperation originated from developed countries, e.g., the USA, Canada, and Italy. Academics from Belgium appear to have a strong presence in the field of DoC. The most influential journals were also mainly distributed in the USA and some European countries. Conclusions: This bibliometric study sheds light on the knowledge architecture of DoC research over the past decade, reflecting current hotspots and emerging trends, and providing new insights for clinicians and academics interested in DoC. The hot issues in DoC were diagnosing and differentiating the level of consciousness, and detecting covert awareness in early severe brain-injured patients. New trends focus on exploring the recovery mechanism of DoC and neuromodulation techniques.
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Chen C, Han J, Zheng S, Zhang X, Sun H, Zhou T, Hu S, Yan X, Wang C, Wang K, Hu Y. Dynamic Changes of Brain Activity in Different Responsive Groups of Patients with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010005. [PMID: 36671987 PMCID: PMC9856292 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As medical technology continues to improve, many patients diagnosed with brain injury survive after treatments but are still in a coma. Further, multiple clinical studies have demonstrated recovery of consciousness after transcranial direct current stimulation. To identify possible neurophysiological mechanisms underlying disorders of consciousness (DOCs) improvement, we examined the changes in multiple resting-state EEG microstate parameters after high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS). Because the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is closely related to consciousness, it is often chosen as a stimulation target for tDCS treatment of DOCs. A total of 21 patients diagnosed with prolonged DOCs were included in this study, and EEG microstate analysis of resting state EEG datasets was performed on all patients before and after interventions. Each of them underwent 10 anodal tDCS sessions of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex over 5 consecutive working days. According to whether the clinical manifestations improved, DOCs patients were divided into the responsive (RE) group and the non-responsive (N-RE) group. The dynamic changes of resting state EEG microstate parameters were also analyzed. After multiple HD-tDCS interventions, the duration and coverage of class C microstates in the RE group were significantly increased. This study also found that the transition between microstates A and C increased, while the transition between microstates B and D decreased in the responsive group. However, these changes in EEG microstate parameters in the N-RE group have not been reported. Our findings suggest that EEG neural signatures have the potential to assess consciousness states and that improvement in the dynamics of brain activity was associated with the recovery of DOCs. This study extends our understanding of the neural mechanism of DOCs patients in consciousness recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinying Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shunyin Hu
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hefei Anhua Trauma Rehabilitation Hospital, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Changqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yajuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +139-5691-2105
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Jang SH, Choi EB. Relationship between the consciousness level and the structural neural connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: a pilot study. Neuroreport 2022; 33:750-755. [PMID: 36250436 PMCID: PMC9622375 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study investigated the relationship between the consciousness level and the structural neural connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC SNC) in patients with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI-BI), using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Twenty-three patients with HI-BI were recruited into the study based on predefined inclusion criteria. Their consciousness levels were evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Using DTT, the mPFC SNC was reconstructed for each patient. The average of the fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and voxel number (VN) for the mPFC SNC in both hemispheres were determined. The GCS score showed moderate positive correlations with the FA value and VN of the mPFC SNC [(FA) r = 0.439; (VN) r = 0.466; P < 0.05], and a strong negative correlation with ADC value ( r = -0.531; P < 0.05). The CRS-R score had a strong positive and negative correlation with the FA and ADC values of the mPFC SNC, respectively, [(FA) r = 0.540; (ADC) r = -0.614; P < 0.05] and a moderate positive correlation with the VN of the mPFC SNC ( r = 0.488; P < 0.05). We found that the severity of the injury to the mPFC SNC was closely related to the consciousness level. Our results suggest that the mPFC SNC appears to be a neural correlate for the control of consciousness in patients with HI-BI. Based on these results, we believe that the mPFC could be a target area for noninvasive neurostimulation therapies for patients with impaired consciousness following HI-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Intrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6923. [PMID: 36376303 PMCID: PMC9663583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain activity is intrinsically organised into spatiotemporal patterns, but it is still not clear whether these intrinsic patterns are functional or epiphenomenal. Using a simultaneous fMRI-EEG implementation of a well-known bistable visual task, we showed that the latent transient states in the intrinsic EEG oscillations can predict upcoming involuntarily perceptual transitions. The critical state predicting a dominant perceptual transition was characterised by the phase coupling between the precuneus (PCU), a key node of the Default Mode Network (DMN), and the primary visual cortex (V1). The interaction between the lifetime of this state and the PCU- > V1 Granger-causal effect is correlated with the perceptual fluctuation rate. Our study suggests that the brain's endogenous dynamics are phenomenologically relevant, as they can elicit a diversion between potential visual processing pathways, while external stimuli remain the same. In this sense, the intrinsic DMN dynamics pre-empt the content of consciousness.
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Carrier M, Dolhan K, Bobotis BC, Desjardins M, Tremblay MÈ. The implication of a diversity of non-neuronal cells in disorders affecting brain networks. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1015556. [PMID: 36439206 PMCID: PMC9693782 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1015556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS) neurons are classically considered the functional unit of the brain. Analysis of the physical connections and co-activation of neurons, referred to as structural and functional connectivity, respectively, is a metric used to understand their interplay at a higher level. A myriad of glial cell types throughout the brain composed of microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are key players in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Microglia are the central immune cells of the CNS, able to affect neuronal populations in number and connectivity, allowing for maturation and plasticity of the CNS. Microglia and astrocytes are part of the neurovascular unit, and together they are essential to protect and supply nutrients to the CNS. Oligodendrocytes are known for their canonical role in axonal myelination, but also contribute, with microglia and astrocytes, to CNS energy metabolism. Glial cells can achieve this variety of roles because of their heterogeneous populations comprised of different states. The neuroglial relationship can be compromised in various manners in case of pathologies affecting development and plasticity of the CNS, but also consciousness and mood. This review covers structural and functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and disorder of consciousness, as well as their correlation with vascular connectivity. These networks are further explored at the cellular scale by integrating the role of glial cell diversity across the CNS to explain how these networks are affected in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Carrier
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kira Dolhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Michèle Desjardins
- Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marie-Ève Tremblay,
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Wang Y, Chen S, Xia X, Peng Y, Wu B. Altered functional connectivity and regional brain activity in a triple-network model in minimally conscious state and vegetative-state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1001519. [PMID: 36299294 PMCID: PMC9588962 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in functional connectivity and regional brain activity between and within the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN) among individuals with disorders of consciousness (DOC) in the conditions of minimally conscious state (MCS) and vegetative-state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS). Twenty-five VS/UWS patients, 14 MCS patients, and 30 healthy individuals as normal control, completed resting-state fMRI scans. ROI-wise functional connectivity and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) were implemented to examine group differences. All ROI-wise and fALFF analyses masks were identified from the triple-network model. ROI-wise analyses indicated significantly decreased functional connectivity between posterior cingulate cortex (DMN)-left anterior insula (SN), right anterior insula (SN)-left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ECN), and right anterior insula (SN)-right amygdala (SN) in VS/UWS patients compared to MCS patients. Moreover, fALFF were observed reduced in the triple-network across all DOC patients, and as the clinical manifestations of DOC deteriorated from MCS to VS/UWS, fALFF in dorsal DMN, anterior/posterior SN, and left ECN became significantly reduced. Moreover, a positive correlation between fALFF of the left ECN and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) total scores was found across all DOC patients. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanism of functional connectivity and regional brain activity in DOC patients, and this triple-network model provides new connectivity pattern changes that may be integrated in future diagnostic tools based on the neural signatures of conscious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yituo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- Senior Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Radiology, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Wu,
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Maschke C, Duclos C, Blain-Moraes S. Paradoxical markers of conscious levels: Effects of propofol on patients in disorders of consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:992649. [PMID: 36277055 PMCID: PMC9584648 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.992649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human consciousness is widely understood to be underpinned by rich and diverse functional networks, whose breakdown results in unconsciousness. Candidate neural correlates of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness include: (1) disrupted frontoparietal functional connectivity; (2) disrupted brain network hubs; and (3) reduced spatiotemporal complexity. However, emerging counterexamples have revealed that these markers may appear outside of the state they are associated with, challenging both their inclusion as markers of conscious level, and the theories of consciousness that rely on their evidence. In this study, we present a case series of three individuals in disorders of consciousness (DOC) who exhibit paradoxical brain responses to exposure to anesthesia. High-density electroencephalographic data were recorded from three patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) while they underwent a protocol of propofol anesthesia with a targeted effect site concentration of 2 μg/ml. Network hubs and directionality of functional connectivity in the alpha frequency band (8–13 Hz), were estimated using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) and directed phase lag index (dPLI). The spatiotemporal signal complexity was estimated using three types of Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). Our results illustrate that exposure to propofol anesthesia can paradoxically result in: (1) increased frontoparietal feedback-dominant connectivity; (2) posterior network hubs; and (3) increased spatiotemporal complexity. The case examples presented in this paper challenge the role of functional connectivity and spatiotemporal complexity in theories of consciousness and for the clinical evaluation of levels of human consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maschke
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Duclos
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefanie Blain-Moraes
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Stefanie Blain-Moraes,
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Mashour GA, Pal D, Brown EN. Prefrontal cortex as a key node in arousal circuitry. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:722-732. [PMID: 35995629 PMCID: PMC9492635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the mechanism of consciousness is a matter of active debate. Most theoretical and empirical investigations have focused on whether the PFC is critical for the content of consciousness (i.e., the qualitative aspects of conscious experience). However, there is emerging evidence that, in addition to its well-established roles in cognition, the PFC is a key regulator of the level of consciousness (i.e., the global state of arousal). In this opinion article we review recent data supporting the hypothesis that the medial PFC is a critical node in arousal-promoting networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Dinesh Pal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Yan F, Zhang H, Zhang E, Wang X, Wei M, Pei Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Dong L, Wang X. Investigating the mechanism and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness on the basis of brain networks between the thalamus and whole-brain. Front Neurol 2022; 13:990686. [PMID: 36237619 PMCID: PMC9552841 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.990686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the changes in the functional connectivity between the bilateral thalamus and the whole-brain in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients suffering from disorders of consciousness (DOC) and to explore their potential prognostic representation capacity.MethodsThe sTBI patients suffering from DOC and healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. We defined patients with the Extended Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS-E) ≥ 3 as the wake group and GOS-E = 2 as the coma group. The differences in functional connectivity between sTBI and healthy controls and between wake and coma groups were compared. Based on the brain regions with altered functional connectivity between wake and coma groups, they were divided into 26 regions of interest. Based on the Z-values of regions of interest, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to classify the prognosis of patients.ResultsA total of 28 patients and 15 healthy controls were finally included. Patients who had DOC indicated a significant disruption of functional connectivity between the bilateral thalamus and the whole-brain (FDR corrected, P < 0.0007). The functional connectivity strength (bilateral thalamus to whole-brain) was significantly different between coma patients who went on to wake and those who were eventually non-awake at 6 months after sTBI (Alphasim corrected, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 26 regions of interest had a similar or even better prognostic distinction ability than the admission Glasgow coma score.ConclusionThe thalamus-based system of consciousness of sTBI patients suffering from DOC is disrupted. There are differences in the thalamus-to-whole-brain network between wake and coma groups and these differences have potential prognostic characterization capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fuli Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Enpeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Lun Dong
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Wang
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Amiri M, Fisher PM, Raimondo F, Sidaros A, Cacic Hribljan M, Othman MH, Zibrandtsen I, Albrechtsen SS, Bergdal O, Hansen AE, Hassager C, Højgaard JLS, Jakobsen EW, Jensen HR, Møller J, Nersesjan V, Nikolic M, Olsen MH, Sigurdsson ST, Sitt JD, Sølling C, Welling KL, Willumsen LM, Hauerberg J, Larsen VA, Fabricius M, Knudsen GM, Kjaergaard J, Møller K, Kondziella D. Multimodal prediction of residual consciousness in the intensive care unit: the CONNECT-ME study. Brain 2022; 146:50-64. [PMID: 36097353 PMCID: PMC9825454 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) and EEG may reveal residual consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC), as reflected by a rapidly expanding literature on chronic DoC. However, acute DoC is rarely investigated, although identifying residual consciousness is key to clinical decision-making in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, the objective of the prospective, observational, tertiary centre cohort, diagnostic phase IIb study 'Consciousness in neurocritical care cohort study using EEG and fMRI' (CONNECT-ME, NCT02644265) was to assess the accuracy of fMRI and EEG to identify residual consciousness in acute DoC in the ICU. Between April 2016 and November 2020, 87 acute DoC patients with traumatic or non-traumatic brain injury were examined with repeated clinical assessments, fMRI and EEG. Resting-state EEG and EEG with external stimulations were evaluated by visual analysis, spectral band analysis and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) consciousness classifier. In addition, within- and between-network resting-state connectivity for canonical resting-state fMRI networks was assessed. Next, we used EEG and fMRI data at study enrolment in two different machine-learning algorithms (Random Forest and SVM with a linear kernel) to distinguish patients in a minimally conscious state or better (≥MCS) from those in coma or unresponsive wakefulness state (≤UWS) at time of study enrolment and at ICU discharge (or before death). Prediction performances were assessed with area under the curve (AUC). Of 87 DoC patients (mean age, 50.0 ± 18 years, 43% female), 51 (59%) were ≤UWS and 36 (41%) were ≥ MCS at study enrolment. Thirty-one (36%) patients died in the ICU, including 28 who had life-sustaining therapy withdrawn. EEG and fMRI predicted consciousness levels at study enrolment and ICU discharge, with maximum AUCs of 0.79 (95% CI 0.77-0.80) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.77-0.80), respectively. Models based on combined EEG and fMRI features predicted consciousness levels at study enrolment and ICU discharge with maximum AUCs of 0.78 (95% CI 0.71-0.86) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.75-0.89), respectively, with improved positive predictive value and sensitivity. Overall, both machine-learning algorithms (SVM and Random Forest) performed equally well. In conclusion, we suggest that acute DoC prediction models in the ICU be based on a combination of fMRI and EEG features, regardless of the machine-learning algorithm used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Annette Sidaros
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melita Cacic Hribljan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marwan H Othman
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Zibrandtsen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon S Albrechtsen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ove Bergdal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Espe Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joan Lilja S Højgaard
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Helene Ravnholt Jensen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vardan Nersesjan
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miki Nikolic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigurdur Thor Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacobo D Sitt
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine Sølling
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Lise Welling
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisette M Willumsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Hauerberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andrée Larsen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fabricius
- Department of Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjaergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Correspondence to: Daniel Kondziella, MD, MSc, PhD FEBN Department of Neurology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen E-mail:
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Di Gregorio F, La Porta F, Petrone V, Battaglia S, Orlandi S, Ippolito G, Romei V, Piperno R, Lullini G. Accuracy of EEG Biomarkers in the Detection of Clinical Outcome in Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study Using a Machine Learning Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081897. [PMID: 36009445 PMCID: PMC9405912 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate outcome detection in neuro-rehabilitative settings is crucial for appropriate long-term rehabilitative decisions in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC). EEG measures derived from high-density EEG can provide helpful information regarding diagnosis and recovery in DoC patients. However, the accuracy rate of EEG biomarkers to predict the clinical outcome in DoC patients is largely unknown. This study investigated the accuracy of psychophysiological biomarkers based on clinical EEG in predicting clinical outcomes in DoC patients. To this aim, we extracted a set of EEG biomarkers in 33 DoC patients with traumatic and nontraumatic etiologies and estimated their accuracy to discriminate patients’ etiologies and predict clinical outcomes 6 months after the injury. Machine learning reached an accuracy of 83.3% (sensitivity = 92.3%, specificity = 60%) with EEG-based functional connectivity predicting clinical outcome in nontraumatic patients. Furthermore, the combination of functional connectivity and dominant frequency in EEG activity best predicted clinical outcomes in traumatic patients with an accuracy of 80% (sensitivity = 85.7%, specificity = 71.4%). These results highlight the importance of functional connectivity in predicting recovery in DoC patients. Moreover, this study shows the high translational value of EEG biomarkers both in terms of feasibility and accuracy for the assessment of DoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gregorio
- UO Medicina Riabilitativa e Neuroriabilitazione, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, 40133 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio La Porta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Giada Lullini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna
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Roig-Herrero A, Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Hernández-García M, de Luis-García R, Fernández-Linsenbarth I, Beño-Ruiz-de-la-Sierra RM, Molina V. Default mode network components and its relationship with anomalous self-experiences in schizophrenia: A rs-fMRI exploratory study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 324:111495. [PMID: 35635932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) in schizophrenia have been under research for the last 20 years. However, no neuroimage studies have provided insight of the possible biological underpinning of ASEs. In this novel approach, the connectivity within the default mode network, calculated through a ROI-based analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, was correlated to the ASEs scores assessed by the Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE) in a sample of 22 schizophrenia patients. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between IPASE scores and intrahemispheric connectivity of the parahippocampal gyrus with the isthmus cingulate cortex in both hemispheres, and right parahippocampal gyrus with the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex were positive and significant suggesting a relation between hyperactive functional connectivity and anomalous self-experiences intensity. Prior literature reported these areas to have a role in self-processing and consciousness as well as being anatomically connected. Further research with larger sample size and comparison with controls are needed to confirm the relationship of this connectivity with anomalous self-experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Yu J, Cheng Q, He F, Meng F, Yu Y, Xu C, Wen X, Hong L, Gao J, Li J, Pan G, Li MD, Luo B. Altered Intestinal Microbiomes and Lipid Metabolism in Patients With Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781148. [PMID: 35911767 PMCID: PMC9326017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota regulate the brain function of the host through the production of a myriad of metabolites and are associated with various neurological diseases. Understanding the intestinal microbiome of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DoC) is important for the evaluation and treatment of the disease. To investigate the differences in the intestinal microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) among patients in a vegetative state (VS), a minimally conscious state (MCS), and emerged from MCS (EMCS), as well as the influence of antibiotics on these patients, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing and targeted lipidomics were performed on fecal samples from patients; in addition, analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals was performed to evaluate the brain function of these patients. The results showed that the intestinal microbiome of the three groups differed greatly, and some microbial communities showed a reduced production of SCFAs in VS patients compared to the other two groups. Moreover, reduced microbial communities and five major SCFAs, along with attenuated brain functional connectivity, were observed in MCS patients who were treated with antibiotics compared to those who did not receive antibiotic treatment, but not in the other pairwise comparisons. Finally, three genus-level microbiota—Faecailbacterium, Enterococcus, and Methanobrevibacter—were considered as potential biomarkers to distinguish MCS from VS patients, with high accuracy both in the discovery and validation cohorts. Together, our findings improved the understanding of patients with prolonged DoC from the intestinal microbiome perspective and provided a new reference for the exploration of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Wen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lirong Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang Armed Police Corps, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Mingzhou Brain Rehabilitation Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Pan
- State Key Lab of Computer Aided Design & Computer Graphics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming D. Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Benyan Luo, ; Ming D. Li,
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Benyan Luo, ; Ming D. Li,
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Brain Metabolic Connectivity Patterns in Patients with Prolonged Disorder of Consciousness after Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury: A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070892. [PMID: 35884699 PMCID: PMC9313214 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the patterns of brain glucose metabolism and connectivity in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC) may be of positive significance to the accurate assessment of consciousness and the optimization of neuromodulation strategy. We retrospectively analyzed the brain glucose metabolism pattern and its correlation with clinical Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score in six HIE patients with prolonged DOC who had undergone 18F-deoxyglucose brain positron emission tomography scanning (FDG-PET). We also compared the differences in global metabolic connectivity patterns and the characteristics of several brain networks between HIE patients and healthy controls (HC). The metabolism of multiple brain regions decreased significantly in HIE patients, and the degree of local metabolic preservation was correlated with CRS-R score. The internal metabolic connectivity of occipital lobe and limbic system in HIE patients decreased, and their metabolic connectivity with frontal lobe, parietal lobe and temporal lobe also decreased. The metabolic connectivity patterns of default mode network, dorsal attention network, salience network, executive control network and subcortex network of HIE also changed compared with HC. The present study suggested that pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism and network connectivity of HIE patients with prolonged DOC were significantly different from those of healthy people.
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70
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Fischer D, Edlow BL, Giacino JT, Greer DM. Neuroprognostication: a conceptual framework. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:419-427. [PMID: 35352033 PMCID: PMC9326772 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprognostication, or the prediction of recovery from disorders of consciousness caused by severe brain injury, is as critical as it is complex. With profound implications for mortality and quality of life, neuroprognostication draws upon an intricate set of biomedical, probabilistic, psychosocial and ethical factors. However, the clinical approach to neuroprognostication is often unsystematic, and consequently, variable among clinicians and prone to error. Here, we offer a stepwise conceptual framework for reasoning through neuroprognostic determinations - including an evaluation of neurological function, estimation of a recovery trajectory, definition of goals of care and consideration of patient values - culminating in a clinically actionable formula for weighing the risks and benefits of life-sustaining treatment. Although the complexity of neuroprognostication might never be fully reducible to arithmetic, this systematic approach provides structure and guidance to supplement clinical judgement and direct future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fischer
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Brian L Edlow
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu B, Zhang X, Li Y, Duan G, Hou J, Zhao J, Guo T, Wu D. tDCS-EEG for Predicting Outcome in Patients With Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:771393. [PMID: 35812233 PMCID: PMC9263392 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.771393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to assess the role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with electroencephalogram (EEG) for predicting prognosis in UWS cases. Methods This was a historical control study that enrolled 85 patients with UWS. The subjects were assigned to the control (without tDCS) and tDCS groups. Conventional treatments were implemented in both the control and tDCS groups, along with 40 multi-target tDCS sessions only in the tDCS group. Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) was applied at admission. The non-linear EEG index was evaluated after treatment. The modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (mGOS) was applied 12 months after disease onset. Results The mGOS improvement rate in the tDCS group (37.1%) was higher than the control value (22.0%). Linear regression analysis revealed that the local and remote cortical networks under unaffected pain stimulation conditions and the remote cortical network under affected pain stimulation conditions were the main relevant factors for mGOS improvement. Furthermore, the difference in prefrontal-parietal cortical network was used to examine the sensitivity of prognostic assessment in UWS patients. The results showed that prognostic sensitivity could be increased from 54.5% (control group) to 84.6% (tDCS group). Conclusions This study proposes a tDCS-EEG protocol for predicting the prognosis of UWS. With multi-target tDCS combined with EEG, the sensitivity of prognostic assessment in patients with UWS was improved. The recovery might be related to improved prefrontal-parietal cortical networks of the unaffected hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoping Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongyu Wu
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72
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Young M, Peterson AH. Neuroethics across the Disorders of Consciousness Care Continuum. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:375-392. [PMID: 35738293 DOI: 10.1055/a-1883-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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73
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Weiler M, Casseb RF, de Campos BM, Crone JS, Lutkenhoff ES, Vespa PM, Monti MM. Evaluating denoising strategies in resting-state functional magnetic resonance in traumatic brain injury (EpiBioS4Rx). Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4640-4649. [PMID: 35723510 PMCID: PMC9491287 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI is increasingly used in the clinical setting and is now included in some diagnostic guidelines for severe brain injury patients. However, to ensure high-quality data, one should mitigate fMRI-related noise typical of this population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ability of different preprocessing strategies to mitigate noise-related signal (i.e., in-scanner movement and physiological noise) in functional connectivity (FC) of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. We applied nine commonly used denoising strategies, combined into 17 pipelines, to 88 TBI patients from the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Anti-epileptogenic Therapy clinical trial. Pipelines were evaluated by three quality control (QC) metrics across three exclusion regimes based on the participant's head movement profile. While no pipeline eliminated noise effects on FC, some pipelines exhibited relatively high effectiveness depending on the exclusion regime. Once high-motion participants were excluded, the choice of denoising pipeline becomes secondary - although this strategy leads to substantial data loss. Pipelines combining spike regression with physiological regressors were the best performers, whereas pipelines that used automated data-driven methods performed comparatively worse. In this study, we report the first large-scale evaluation of denoising pipelines aimed at reducing noise-related FC in a clinical population known to be highly susceptible to in-scanner motion and significant anatomical abnormalities. If resting-state functional magnetic resonance is to be a successful clinical technique, it is crucial that procedures mitigating the effect of noise be systematically evaluated in the most challenging populations, such as TBI datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raphael F Casseb
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brunno M de Campos
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia S Crone
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Evan S Lutkenhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul M Vespa
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lutkenhoff ES, Nigri A, Rossi Sebastiano D, Sattin D, Visani E, Rosazza C, D'Incerti L, Bruzzone MG, Franceschetti S, Leonardi M, Ferraro S, Monti MM. EEG Power spectra and subcortical pathology in chronic disorders of consciousness. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1491-1500. [PMID: 32962777 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000330x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a growing understanding of disorders of consciousness following severe brain injury, the association between long-term impairment of consciousness, spontaneous brain oscillations, and underlying subcortical damage, and the ability of such information to aid patient diagnosis, remains incomplete. METHODS Cross-sectional observational sample of 116 patients with a disorder of consciousness secondary to brain injury, collected prospectively at a tertiary center between 2011 and 2013. Multimodal analyses relating clinical measures of impairment, electroencephalographic measures of spontaneous brain activity, and magnetic resonance imaging data of subcortical atrophy were conducted in 2018. RESULTS In the final analyzed sample of 61 patients, systematic associations were found between electroencephalographic power spectra and subcortical damage. Specifically, the ratio of beta-to-delta relative power was negatively associated with greater atrophy in regions of the bilateral thalamus and globus pallidus (both left > right) previously shown to be preferentially atrophied in chronic disorders of consciousness. Power spectrum total density was also negatively associated with widespread atrophy in regions of the left globus pallidus, right caudate, and in the brainstem. Furthermore, we showed that the combination of demographics, encephalographic, and imaging data in an analytic framework can be employed to aid behavioral diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These results ground, for the first time, electroencephalographic presentation detected with routine clinical techniques in the underlying brain pathology of disorders of consciousness and demonstrate how multimodal combination of clinical, electroencephalographic, and imaging data can be employed in potentially mitigating the high rates of misdiagnosis typical of this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S Lutkenhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Nigri
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi Sebastiano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Sattin
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Visani
- Department of Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Rosazza
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico D'Incerti
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- Department of Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China: On the behalf of the Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Fischer D, Newcombe V, Fernandez-Espejo D, Snider SB. Applications of Advanced MRI to Disorders of Consciousness. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:325-334. [PMID: 35790201 DOI: 10.1055/a-1892-1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Disorder of consciousness (DoC) after severe brain injury presents numerous challenges to clinicians, as the diagnosis, prognosis, and management are often uncertain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has long been used to evaluate brain structure in patients with DoC. More recently, advances in MRI technology have permitted more detailed investigations of the brain's structural integrity (via diffusion MRI) and function (via functional MRI). A growing literature has begun to show that these advanced forms of MRI may improve our understanding of DoC pathophysiology, facilitate the identification of patient consciousness, and improve the accuracy of clinical prognostication. Here we review the emerging evidence for the application of advanced MRI for patients with DoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fischer
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia Newcombe
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Davinia Fernandez-Espejo
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel B Snider
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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76
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Duszyk-Bogorodzka A, Zieleniewska M, Jankowiak-Siuda K. Brain Activity Characteristics of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness in the EEG Resting State Paradigm: A Review. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:654541. [PMID: 35720438 PMCID: PMC9198636 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.654541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of the level of consciousness in disorders of consciousness (DoC) is still one of the most challenging problems in contemporary medicine. Nevertheless, based on the multitude of studies conducted over the last 20 years on resting states based on electroencephalography (EEG) in DoC, it is possible to outline the brain activity profiles related to both patients without preserved consciousness and minimally conscious ones. In the case of patients without preserved consciousness, the dominance of low, mostly delta, frequency, and the marginalization of the higher frequencies were observed, both in terms of the global power of brain activity and in functional connectivity patterns. In turn, the minimally conscious patients revealed the opposite brain activity pattern—the characteristics of higher frequency bands were preserved both in global power and in functional long-distance connections. In this short review, we summarize the state of the art of EEG-based research in the resting state paradigm, in the context of providing potential support to the traditional clinical assessment of the level of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duszyk-Bogorodzka
- Behavioural Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Anna Duszyk-Bogorodzka
| | | | - Kamila Jankowiak-Siuda
- Behavioural Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang J, Zhang E, Yuan C, Zhang H, Wang X, Yan F, Pei Y, Li Y, Wei M, Yang Z, Wang X, Dong L. Abnormal default mode network could be a potential prognostic marker in patients with disorders of consciousness. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 218:107294. [PMID: 35597165 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate disorders of consciousness (DOC) mechanisms of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) related to default mode network (DMN) and to introduce a machine learning model that predicts the prognosis of these patients for 6 months. METHODS The sTBI patients suffering from DOC and healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. We defined patients with Extended Glasgow Outcome Score ≥ 5 as good outcome group, otherwise they were poor outcome group. The differences of DMN between sTBI and healthy controls and between good and poor outcome groups were compared. Based on the brain regions with altered functional connectivity between good and poor outcome groups, they were divided into 8 regions of interests according to side. The Z values of the regions of interests were extracted by Rest 1.8. Based on Z values, the Subspace K-Nearest Neighbor (Subspace KNN) was conducted to classify prognosis of sTBI patients suffering from DOC. RESULTS A total of 84 DMNs derived from patients and 45 DMNs from healthy controls were finally analyzed. The connectivity of the DMN was significantly decreased in sTBI patients suffering from DOC (Alphasim corrected, P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the poor outcome group (DMN samples = 60), the brain regions of DMN with decreased functional connectivity in the good outcome group (DMN samples = 24) the following bilateral areas: brodman Area 11, anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, brodman Area 25, olfactory cortex (Alphasim corrected, P < 0.05). The ability of Subspace KNN machine learning to distinguish the prognosis of patients (area under curve) was 0.97. CONCLUSIONS The interruption of DMN may be one of the reasons for DOC in patients with sTBI. Furthermore, based on early DMN (1-4 weeks), Subspace KNN machine learning has the potential value to distinguish the prognosis (6 months after brain trauma) of sTBI patients suffering from DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Enpeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Fuli Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yunlong Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
| | - Lun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
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Vetkas A, Germann J, Elias G, Loh A, Boutet A, Yamamoto K, Sarica C, Samuel N, Milano V, Fomenko A, Santyr B, Tasserie J, Gwun D, Jung HH, Valiante T, Ibrahim GM, Wennberg R, Kalia SK, Lozano AM. Identifying the neural network for neuromodulation in epilepsy through connectomics and graphs. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac092. [PMID: 35611305 PMCID: PMC9123846 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is a treatment option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The precise mechanism of neuromodulation in epilepsy is unknown, and biomarkers are needed for optimizing treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the neural network associated with deep brain stimulation targets for epilepsy and to explore its potential application as a novel biomarker for neuromodulation. Using seed-to-voxel functional connectivity maps, weighted by seizure outcomes, brain areas associated with stimulation were identified in normative resting state functional scans of 1000 individuals. To pinpoint specific regions in the normative epilepsy deep brain stimulation network, we examined overlapping areas of functional connectivity between the anterior thalamic nucleus, centromedian thalamic nucleus, hippocampus and less studied epilepsy deep brain stimulation targets. Graph network analysis was used to describe the relationship between regions in the identified network. Furthermore, we examined the associations of the epilepsy deep brain stimulation network with disease pathophysiology, canonical resting state networks and findings from a systematic review of resting state functional MRI studies in epilepsy deep brain stimulation patients. Cortical nodes identified in the normative epilepsy deep brain stimulation network were in the anterior and posterior cingulate, medial frontal and sensorimotor cortices, frontal operculum and bilateral insulae. Subcortical nodes of the network were in the basal ganglia, mesencephalon, basal forebrain and cerebellum. Anterior thalamic nucleus was identified as a central hub in the network with the highest betweenness and closeness values, while centromedian thalamic nucleus and hippocampus showed average centrality values. The caudate nucleus and mammillothalamic tract also displayed high centrality values. The anterior cingulate cortex was identified as an important cortical hub associated with the effect of deep brain stimulation in epilepsy. The neural network of deep brain stimulation targets shared hubs with known epileptic networks and brain regions involved in seizure propagation and generalization. Two cortical clusters identified in the epilepsy deep brain stimulation network included regions corresponding to resting state networks, mainly the default mode and salience networks. Our results were concordant with findings from a systematic review of resting state functional MRI studies in patients with deep brain stimulation for epilepsy. Our findings suggest that the various epilepsy deep brain stimulation targets share a common cortico-subcortical network, which might in part underpin the antiseizure effects of stimulation. Interindividual differences in this network functional connectivity could potentially be used as biomarkers in selection of patients, stimulation parameters and neuromodulation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Vetkas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Neurology clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gavin Elias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boutet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazuaki Yamamoto
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Can Sarica
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nardin Samuel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Milano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Section of Neurosurgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brendan Santyr
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jordy Tasserie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Gwun
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taufik Valiante
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Sick Kids Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Wennberg
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- The KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
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79
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Chou Y, Chang C, Remedios SW, Butman JA, Chan L, Pham DL. Automated Classification of Resting-State fMRI ICA Components Using a Deep Siamese Network. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:768634. [PMID: 35368292 PMCID: PMC8971556 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.768634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Manual classification of functional resting state networks (RSNs) derived from Independent Component Analysis (ICA) decomposition can be labor intensive and requires expertise, particularly in large multi-subject analyses. Hence, a fully automatic algorithm that can reliably classify these RSNs is desirable. In this paper, we present a deep learning approach based on a Siamese Network to learn a discriminative feature representation for single-subject ICA component classification. Advantages of this supervised framework are that it requires relatively few training data examples and it does not require the number of ICA components to be specified. In addition, our approach permits one-shot learning, which allows generalization to new classes not seen in the training set with only one example of each new class. The proposed method is shown to out-perform traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) and template matching methods in identifying eleven subject-specific RSNs, achieving 100% accuracy on a holdout data set and over 99% accuracy on an outside data set. We also demonstrate that the method is robust to scan-rescan variation. Finally, we show that the functional connectivity of default mode and salience networks identified by the proposed technique is altered in a group analysis of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), severe TBI, and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Chou
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Yiyu Chou,
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Samuel W. Remedios
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John A. Butman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leighton Chan
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department at Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dzung L. Pham
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
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80
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Monti MM, Schnakers C. Flowchart for Implementing Advanced Imaging and Electrophysiology in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness: To fMRI or Not to fMRI? Neurology 2022; 98:452-459. [PMID: 35058337 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Academy of Neurology and the European Academy of Neurology have recognized, for the first time, the value of advanced neuroimaging and electrophysiology techniques (AIEs) in the context of diagnosing patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC). This recognition is part of an important agenda of promoting evidence-based competency in the management of patients with DOC. Nonetheless, considering that these techniques (and the required knowledge) are seldom available outside of advanced medical centers, it is important to provide physicians with a framework for balancing risks and benefits and deciding, on a single patient basis, whether AIEs are suitable. This issue is all the more urgent considering that family members are increasingly aware of the use of AIEs in patients with DOC, pressure for these assessments is likely to increase in the context of ethical and clinical imperatives to meet standards of care, and pathways for reimbursement for such assessments in DOC are yet to be established. The new guidelines, however, provide no guiding principle for physicians to decide when such assessments are appropriate, a limitation that impedes their wide adoption. We address this important gap by proposing an easy to use algorithmic flowchart that is based on the new guidelines and can be used to determine the appropriateness of AIEs for any given patient with DOC and ensure that evidence-based best practices are being followed. We also provide a brief context for understanding the main categories of AIEs available to clinicians, their advantages, and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Max Monti
- From the Department of Psychology (M.M.M.) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center (C.S.), University of California Los Angeles; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospitals and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA.
| | - Caroline Schnakers
- From the Department of Psychology (M.M.M.) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center (C.S.), University of California Los Angeles; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospitals and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
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81
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Medina JP, Nigri A, Stanziano M, D’Incerti L, Sattin D, Ferraro S, Rossi Sebastiano D, Pinardi C, Marotta G, Leonardi M, Bruzzone MG, Rosazza C. Resting-State fMRI in Chronic Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: The Role of Lower-Order Networks for Clinical Assessment. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030355. [PMID: 35326311 PMCID: PMC8946756 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is a widely used technique to investigate the residual brain functions of patients with Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Nonetheless, it is unclear how the networks that are more associated with primary functions, such as the sensory–motor, medial/lateral visual and auditory networks, contribute to clinical assessment. In this study, we examined the rs-fMRI lower-order networks alongside their structural MRI data to clarify the corresponding association with clinical assessment. We studied 109 chronic patients with DoC and emerged from DoC with structural MRI and rs-fMRI: 65 in vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness state (VS/UWS), 34 in minimally conscious state (MCS) and 10 with severe disability. rs-fMRI data were analyzed with independent component analyses and seed-based analyses, in relation to structural MRI and clinical data. The results showed that VS/UWS had fewer networks than MCS patients and the rs-fMRI activity in each network was decreased. Visual networks were correlated to the clinical status, and in cases where no clinical response occurred, rs-fMRI indicated distinctive networks conveying information in a similar way to other techniques. The information provided by single networks was limited, whereas the four networks together yielded better classification results, particularly when the model included rs-fMRI and structural MRI data (AUC = 0.80). Both quantitative and qualitative rs-fMRI analyses yielded converging results; vascular etiology might confound the results, and disease duration generally reduced the number of networks observed. The lower-order rs-fMRI networks could be used clinically to support and corroborate visual function assessments in DoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Medina
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Anna Nigri
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.R.)
| | - Mario Stanziano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
- Neurosciences Department “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovico D’Incerti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
- Neuroradiology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer—University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Sattin
- IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri di Milano, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Davide Rossi Sebastiano
- Epileptology Unit, Department of Neurophysiology and Diagnostic, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pinardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
- Medical Physics Unit, Asst Nord Milano, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Cristina Rosazza
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic and Technology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.P.M.); (M.S.); (L.D.); (S.F.); (C.P.); (M.G.B.)
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.R.)
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82
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Lee M, Sanz LRD, Barra A, Wolff A, Nieminen JO, Boly M, Rosanova M, Casarotto S, Bodart O, Annen J, Thibaut A, Panda R, Bonhomme V, Massimini M, Tononi G, Laureys S, Gosseries O, Lee SW. Quantifying arousal and awareness in altered states of consciousness using interpretable deep learning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1064. [PMID: 35217645 PMCID: PMC8881479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consciousness can be defined by two components: arousal (wakefulness) and awareness (subjective experience). However, neurophysiological consciousness metrics able to disentangle between these components have not been reported. Here, we propose an explainable consciousness indicator (ECI) using deep learning to disentangle the components of consciousness. We employ electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation under various conditions, including sleep (n = 6), general anesthesia (n = 16), and severe brain injury (n = 34). We also test our framework using resting-state EEG under general anesthesia (n = 15) and severe brain injury (n = 34). ECI simultaneously quantifies arousal and awareness under physiological, pharmacological, and pathological conditions. Particularly, ketamine-induced anesthesia and rapid eye movement sleep with low arousal and high awareness are clearly distinguished from other states. In addition, parietal regions appear most relevant for quantifying arousal and awareness. This indicator provides insights into the neural correlates of altered states of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro R D Sanz
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Barra
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Audrey Wolff
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jaakko O Nieminen
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Melanie Boly
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mario Rosanova
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica, FERB Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Casarotto
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Bodart
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jitka Annen
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rajanikant Panda
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bonhomme
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- University Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Laboratory, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marcello Massimini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Centre du Cerveau², University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Seong-Whan Lee
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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83
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Cosgrove ME, Saadon JR, Mikell CB, Stefancin PL, Alkadaa L, Wang Z, Saluja S, Servider J, Razzaq B, Huang C, Mofakham S. Thalamo-Prefrontal Connectivity Correlates With Early Command-Following After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:826266. [PMID: 35250829 PMCID: PMC8895046 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.826266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of consciousness after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is heterogeneous and difficult to predict. Structures such as the thalamus and prefrontal cortex are thought to be important in facilitating consciousness. We sought to investigate whether the integrity of thalamo-prefrontal circuits, assessed via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), was associated with the return of goal-directed behavior after severe TBI. We classified a cohort of severe TBI patients (N = 25, 20 males) into Early and Late/Never outcome groups based on their ability to follow commands within 30 days post-injury. We assessed connectivity between whole thalamus, and mediodorsal thalamus (MD), to prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions including dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), medial PFC (mPFC), anterior cingulate (ACC), and orbitofrontal (OFC) cortices. We found that the integrity of thalamic projections to PFC subregions (L OFC, L and R ACC, and R mPFC) was significantly associated with Early command-following. This association persisted when the analysis was restricted to prefrontal-mediodorsal (MD) thalamus connectivity. In contrast, dlPFC connectivity to thalamus was not significantly associated with command-following. Using the integrity of thalamo-prefrontal connections, we created a linear regression model that demonstrated 72% accuracy in predicting command-following after a leave-one-out analysis. Together, these data support a role for thalamo-prefrontal connectivity in the return of goal-directed behavior following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Cosgrove
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jordan R. Saadon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Charles B. Mikell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Leor Alkadaa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sabir Saluja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - John Servider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Bayan Razzaq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Chuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sima Mofakham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sima Mofakham
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84
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Hermann B, Sangaré A, Munoz-Musat E, Salah AB, Perez P, Valente M, Faugeras F, Axelrod V, Demeret S, Marois C, Pyatigorskaya N, Habert MO, Kas A, Sitt JD, Rohaut B, Naccache L. Importance, limits and caveats of the use of “disorders of consciousness” to theorize consciousness. Neurosci Conscious 2022; 2021:niab048. [PMID: 35369675 PMCID: PMC8966966 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and fundamental exploration of patients suffering from disorders of consciousness (DoC) is commonly used by researchers both to test some of their key theoretical predictions and to serve as a unique source of empirical knowledge about possible dissociations between consciousness and cognitive and/or neural processes. For instance, the existence of states of vigilance free of any self-reportable subjective experience [e.g. “vegetative state (VS)” and “complex partial epileptic seizure”] originated from DoC and acted as a cornerstone for all theories by dissociating two concepts that were commonly equated and confused: vigilance and conscious state. In the present article, we first expose briefly the major achievements in the exploration and understanding of DoC. We then propose a synthetic taxonomy of DoC, and we finally highlight some current limits, caveats and questions that have to be addressed when using DoC to theorize consciousness. In particular, we show (i) that a purely behavioral approach of DoC is insufficient to characterize the conscious state of patients; (ii) that the comparison between patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) and patients in a VS [also coined as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS)] does not correspond to a pure and minimal contrast between unconscious and conscious states and (iii) we emphasize, in the light of original resting-state positron emission tomography data, that behavioral MCS captures an important but misnamed clinical condition that rather corresponds to a cortically mediated state and that MCS does not necessarily imply the preservation of a conscious state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aude Sangaré
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
| | - Esteban Munoz-Musat
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Amina Ben Salah
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Pauline Perez
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Mélanie Valente
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
| | - Frédéric Faugeras
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Université Paris Est Creteil, Créteil 94 000, France
- Département d’Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
- Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Vadim Axelrod
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sophie Demeret
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
| | - Clémence Marois
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
| | - Nadya Pyatigorskaya
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Kas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacobo D Sitt
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Benjamin Rohaut
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Brain institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75006, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris 75015, France
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85
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Zhuang W, Wang J, Chu C, Wei X, Yi G, Dong Y, Cai L. Disrupted Control Architecture of Brain Network in Disorder of Consciousness. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:400-409. [PMID: 35143400 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3150834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human brain controls various cognitive functions via the functional coordination of multiple brain regions in an efficient and robust way. However, the relationship between consciousness state and the control mode of brain networks is poorly explored. Using multi-channel EEG, the present study aimed to characterize the abnormal control architecture of functional brain networks in the patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Resting state EEG data were collected from 40 DOC patients with different consciousness levels and 24 healthy subjects. Functional brain networks were constructed in five different EEG frequency bands and the broadband in the source level. Subsequently, a control architecture framework based on the minimum dominating set was applied to investigate the of control mode of functional brain networks for the subjects with different conscious states. Results showed that regardless of the consciousness levels, the functional networks of human brain operate in a distributed and overlapping control architecture different from that of random networks. Compared to the healthy controls, the patients have a higher control cost manifested by more minimum dominating nodes and increased degree of distributed control, especially in the alpha band. The ability to withstand network attack for the control architecture is positive correlated with the consciousness levels. The distributed of control increased correlation levels with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised score and improved separation between unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimal consciousness state. These findings may benefit our understanding of consciousness and provide potential biomarkers for the assessment of consciousness levels.
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Regional Homogeneity Alterations in Patients with Impaired Consciousness. An Observational Resting-State fMRI Study. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:1391-1399. [PMID: 35107592 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-022-02911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is always challenging to correctly differentiate between minimally conscious state (MCS) and vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) among disorders of consciousness (DOC) patients. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of awareness identification remain incompletely understood. METHODS Using regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis, we evaluated how regional connectivity of brain regions is disrupted in MCS and VS/UWS patients. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted in 14 MCS patients, 25 VS/UWS patients, and 30 age-matched healthy individuals. RESULTS We found that MCS and VS/UWS patients demonstrated DOC-dependent reduced ReHo within widespread brain regions including posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), medial prefrontal cortices (mPFC), and bilateral fronto-parieto-temporal cortices and showed increased ReHo in limbic structures. Moreover, a positive correlation between Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) total scores and reduced ReHo in the left precuneus was observed in VS/UWS patients, despite the linear trend was not found in MCS patients. In addition, ReHo were also observed reduced in three mainly intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), including default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). Notably, as the clinical symptoms of consciousness disorders worsen from MCS to VS/UWS, ReHo in dorsal DMN, left ECN, and posterior SN became significantly reduced. CONCLUSION These findings make a further understanding of the underlying neural mechanism of regional connectivity among DOC patients and provide additional neuroimaging-based biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of MCS and VS/UWS patients.
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87
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Chen L, Rao B, Li S, Gao L, Xie Y, Dai X, Fu K, Peng XZ, Xu H. Altered Effective Connectivity Measured by Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Posterior Parietal-Frontal-Striatum Circuit in Patients With Disorder of Consciousness. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:766633. [PMID: 35153656 PMCID: PMC8830329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.766633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Disorder of consciousness (DoC) resulting from severe brain injury is characterized by cortical and subcortical dysconnectivity. However, research on seed-based effective connectivity (EC) of DoC might be questioned as to the heterogeneity of prior assumptions. Methods Functional MRI data of 16 DoC patients and 16 demographically matched healthy individuals were analyzed. Revised coma recovery scale (CRS-R) scores of patients were acquired. Seed-based d mapping permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) of meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively synthesize results from neuroimaging studies that evaluated resting-state functional activity in DoC patients. Spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) was used to assess how EC altered between brain regions in DoC patients compared to healthy individuals. Results We found increased effective connectivity in left striatum and decreased effective connectivity in bilateral precuneus (preCUN)/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral midcingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus in DoC compared with the healthy controls. The resulting pattern of interaction in DoC indicated disrupted connection and disturbance of posterior parietal-frontal-striatum, and reduced self-inhibition of preCUN/PCC. The strength of self-inhibition of preCUN/PCC was negatively correlated with the total score of CRS-R. Conclusion This impaired EC in DoC may underlie disruption in the posterior parietal-frontal-striatum circuit, particularly damage to the cortico-striatal connection and possible loss of preCUN/PCC function as the main regulatory hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sirui Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhi Peng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Haibo Xu,
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88
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Porcaro C, Nemirovsky IE, Riganello F, Mansour Z, Cerasa A, Tonin P, Stojanoski B, Soddu A. Diagnostic Developments in Differentiating Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome and the Minimally Conscious State. Front Neurol 2022; 12:778951. [PMID: 35095725 PMCID: PMC8793804 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.778951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When treating patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC), it is essential to obtain an accurate diagnosis as soon as possible to generate individualized treatment programs. However, accurately diagnosing patients with DOCs is challenging and prone to errors when differentiating patients in a Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (VS/UWS) from those in a Minimally Conscious State (MCS). Upwards of ~40% of patients with a DOC can be misdiagnosed when specifically designed behavioral scales are not employed or improperly administered. To improve diagnostic accuracy for these patients, several important neuroimaging and electrophysiological technologies have been proposed. These include Positron Emission Tomography (PET), functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Here, we review the different ways in which these techniques can improve diagnostic differentiation between VS/UWS and MCS patients. We do so by referring to studies that were conducted within the last 10 years, which were extracted from the PubMed database. In total, 55 studies met our criteria (clinical diagnoses of VS/UWS from MCS as made by PET, fMRI, EEG and TMS- EEG tools) and were included in this review. By summarizing the promising results achieved in understanding and diagnosing these conditions, we aim to emphasize the need for more such tools to be incorporated in standard clinical practice, as well as the importance of data sharing to incentivize the community to meet these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Porcaro
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC)–National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Camillo Porcaro ; orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-163X
| | - Idan Efim Nemirovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Riganello
- Sant'Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), Crotone, Italy
| | - Zahra Mansour
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Cerasa
- Sant'Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), Crotone, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Messina, Italy
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Sant'Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), Crotone, Italy
| | - Bobby Stojanoski
- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Soddu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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89
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Qureshi AY, Stevens RD. Mapping the Unconscious Brain: Insights From Advanced Neuroimaging. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:12-21. [PMID: 34474430 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Recent advances in neuroimaging have been a preeminent factor in the scientific effort to unravel mechanisms of conscious awareness and the pathophysiology of disorders of consciousness. In the first part of this review, we selectively discuss operational models of consciousness, the biophysical signal that is measured using different imaging modalities, and knowledge on disorders of consciousness that has been gleaned with each neuroimaging modality. Techniques considered include diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, different types of nuclear medicine imaging, functional MRI, magnetoencephalography, and the combined transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography approach. In the second part of this article, we provide an overview of how advanced neuroimaging can be leveraged to support neurological prognostication, the use of machine learning to process high-dimensional imaging data, potential applications in clinical practice, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Y Qureshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A.; and
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Neurology, Radiology, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
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90
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Salimi M, Javadi AH, Nazari M, Bamdad S, Tabasi F, Parsazadegan T, Ayene F, Karimian M, Gholami-Mahtaj L, Shadnia S, Jamaati H, Salimi A, Raoufy MR. Nasal Air Puff Promotes Default Mode Network Activity in Mechanically Ventilated Comatose Patients: A Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Approach. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:1351-1363. [PMID: 35088756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coma state and loss of consciousness are associated with impaired brain activity, particularly gamma oscillations, that integrate functional connectivity in neural networks, including the default mode network (DMN). Mechanical ventilation (MV) in comatose patients can aggravate brain activity, which has decreased in coma, presumably because of diminished nasal airflow. Nasal airflow, known to drive functional neural oscillations, synchronizing distant brain networks activity, is eliminated by tracheal intubation and MV. Hence, we proposed that rhythmic nasal air puffing in mechanically ventilated comatose patients may promote brain activity and improve network connectivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 15 comatose patients (seven women) admitted to the intensive care unit because of opium poisoning and assessed the activity, complexity, and connectivity of the DMN before and during the nasal air-puff stimulation. Nasal cavity air puffing was done through a nasal cannula controlled by an electrical valve (open duration of 630 ms) with a frequency of 0.2 Hz (ie, 12 puff/min). RESULTS Our analyses demonstrated that nasal air puffing enhanced the power of gamma oscillations (30-100 Hz) in the DMN. In addition, we found that the coherence and synchrony between DMN regions were increased during nasal air puffing. Recurrence quantification and fractal dimension analyses revealed that EEG global complexity and irregularity, typically seen in wakefulness and conscious state, increased during rhythmic nasal air puffing. CONCLUSIONS Rhythmic nasal air puffing, as a noninvasive brain stimulation method, opens a new window to modifying the brain connectivity integration in comatose patients. This approach may potentially influence comatose patients' outcomes by increasing brain reactivity and network connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Salimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Homayoun Javadi
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Nazari
- Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sobhan Bamdad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Parsazadegan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Ayene
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maede Karimian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami-Mahtaj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Shadnia
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital Poison Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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91
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Serban CA, Barborica A, Roceanu AM, Mindruta I, Ciurea J, Pâslaru AC, Zăgrean AM, Zăgrean L, Moldovan M. A method to assess the default EEG macrostate and its reactivity to stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 134:50-64. [PMID: 34973517 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The default mode network (DMN) is deactivated by stimulation. We aimed to assess the DMN reactivity impairment by routine EEG recordings in stroke patients with impaired consciousness. METHODS Binocular light flashes were delivered at 1 Hz in 1-minute epochs, following a 1-minute baseline (PRE). The EEG was decomposed in a series of binary oscillatory macrostates by topographic spectral clustering. The most deactivated macrostate was labeled the default EEG macrostate (DEM). Its reactivity (DER) was quantified as the decrease in DEM occurrence probability during stimulation. A normalized DER index (DERI) was calculated as DER/PRE. The measures were compared between 14 healthy controls and 32 comatose patients under EEG monitoring following an acute stroke. RESULTS The DEM was mapped to the posterior DMN hubs. In the patients, these DEM source dipoles were 3-4 times less frequent and were associated with an increased theta activity. Even in a reduced 6-channel montage, a DER below 6.26% corresponding to a DERI below 0.25 could discriminate the patients with sensitivity and specificity well above 80%. CONCLUSION The method detected the DMN impairment in post-stroke coma patients. SIGNIFICANCE The DEM and its reactivity to stimulation could be useful to monitor the DMN function at bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin-Andrei Serban
- Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Romania; Termobit Prod SRL, Bucharest, Romania; FHC Inc, Bowdoin, ME, USA.
| | - Andrei Barborica
- Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Romania; Termobit Prod SRL, Bucharest, Romania; FHC Inc, Bowdoin, ME, USA.
| | | | - Ioana Mindruta
- Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Jan Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru C Pâslaru
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Moldovan
- Termobit Prod SRL, Bucharest, Romania; Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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92
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Graham M. Residual Cognitive Capacities in Patients With Cognitive Motor Dissociation, and Their Implications for Well-Being. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY 2021; 46:729-757. [PMID: 34655220 PMCID: PMC8643594 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe disorders of consciousness are thought to be unaware of themselves or their environment. However, research suggests that a minority of patients diagnosed as having a disorder of consciousness remain aware. These patients, designated as having “cognitive motor dissociation” (CMD), can demonstrate awareness by imagining specific tasks, which generates brain activity detectable via functional neuroimaging. The discovery of consciousness in these patients raises difficult questions about their well-being, and it has been argued that it would be better for these patients if they were allowed to die. Conversely, I argue that CMD patients may have a much higher level of well-being than is generally acknowledged. It is far from clear that their lives are not worth living, because there are still significant gaps in our understanding of how these patients experience the world. I attempt to fill these gaps, by analyzing the neuroscientific research that has taken place with these patients to date. Having generated as comprehensive a picture as possible of the capacities of CMD patients, I examine this picture through the lens of traditional philosophical theories of well-being. I conclude that the presumption that CMD patients do not have lives worth living is not adequately supported.
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93
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Blundon EG, Gallagher RE, Ward LM. Resting state network activation and functional connectivity in the dying brain. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 135:166-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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94
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Lyu D, Pappas I, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. A Precuneal Causal Loop Mediates External and Internal Information Integration in the Human Brain. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9944-9956. [PMID: 34675087 PMCID: PMC8638689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0647-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brains interpret external stimuli based on internal representations. One untested hypothesis is that the default-mode network (DMN), widely considered responsible for internally oriented cognition, can decode external information. Here, we posit that the unique structural and functional fingerprint of the precuneus (PCu) supports a prominent role for the posterior part of the DMN in this process. By analyzing the imaging data of 100 participants performing two attention-demanding tasks, we found that the PCu is functionally divided into dorsal and ventral subdivisions. We then conducted a comprehensive examination of their connectivity profiles and found that at rest, both the ventral PCu (vPCu) and dorsal PCu (dPCu) are mainly connected with the DMN but also are differentially connected with internally oriented networks (IoN) and externally oriented networks (EoN). During tasks, the double associations between the v/dPCu and the IoN/EoN are correlated with task performance and can switch depending on cognitive demand. Furthermore, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) revealed that the strength and direction of the effective connectivity (EC) between v/dPCu is modulated by task difficulty in a manner potentially dictated by the balance of internal versus external cognitive demands. Our study provides evidence that the posterior medial part of the DMN may drive interactions between large-scale networks, potentially allowing access to stored representations for moment-to-moment interpretation of an ever-changing environment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The default-mode network (DMN) is widely known for its association with internalized thinking processes, e.g., spontaneous thoughts, which is the most interesting but least understood component in human consciousness. The precuneus (PCu), a posteromedial DMN hub, is thought to play a role in this, but a mechanistic explanation has not yet been established. In this study we found that the associations between ventral PCu (vPCu)/dorsal PCu (dPCu) subdivisions and internally oriented network (IoN)/externally oriented network (EoN) are flexibly modulated by cognitive demand and correlate with task performance. We further propose that the recurrent causal connectivity between the ventral and dorsal PCu supports conscious processing by constantly interpreting external information based on an internal model, meanwhile updating the internal model with the incoming information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Lyu
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David K Menon
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel A Stamatakis
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
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95
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Luppi AI, Mediano PAM, Rosas FE, Harrison DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Bor D, Stamatakis EA. What it is like to be a bit: an integrated information decomposition account of emergent mental phenomena. Neurosci Conscious 2021; 2021:niab027. [PMID: 34804593 PMCID: PMC8600547 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A central question in neuroscience concerns the relationship between consciousness and its physical substrate. Here, we argue that a richer characterization of consciousness can be obtained by viewing it as constituted of distinct information-theoretic elements. In other words, we propose a shift from quantification of consciousness-viewed as integrated information-to its decomposition. Through this approach, termed Integrated Information Decomposition (ΦID), we lay out a formal argument that whether the consciousness of a given system is an emergent phenomenon depends on its information-theoretic composition-providing a principled answer to the long-standing dispute on the relationship between consciousness and emergence. Furthermore, we show that two organisms may attain the same amount of integrated information, yet differ in their information-theoretic composition. Building on ΦID's revised understanding of integrated information, termed ΦR, we also introduce the notion of ΦR-ing ratio to quantify how efficiently an entity uses information for conscious processing. A combination of ΦR and ΦR-ing ratio may provide an important way to compare the neural basis of different aspects of consciousness. Decomposition of consciousness enables us to identify qualitatively different 'modes of consciousness', establishing a common space for mapping the phenomenology of different conscious states. We outline both theoretical and empirical avenues to carry out such mapping between phenomenology and information-theoretic modes, starting from a central feature of everyday consciousness: selfhood. Overall, ΦID yields rich new ways to explore the relationship between information, consciousness, and its emergence from neural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Luppi
- Division of Anaesthesia, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1SB, UK
| | - Pedro A M Mediano
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Fernando E Rosas
- Center for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David J Harrison
- Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1SB, UK
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RH, UK
| | - Robin L Carhart-Harris
- Center for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel Bor
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Emmanuel A Stamatakis
- Division of Anaesthesia, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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96
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Contribution of animal models toward understanding resting state functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118630. [PMID: 34644593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity, which reflects the spatial and temporal organization of intrinsic activity throughout the brain, is one of the most studied measures in human neuroimaging research. The noninvasive acquisition of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) allows the characterization of features designated as functional networks, functional connectivity gradients, and time-varying activity patterns that provide insight into the intrinsic functional organization of the brain and potential alterations related to brain dysfunction. Functional connectivity, hence, captures dimensions of the brain's activity that have enormous potential for both clinical and preclinical research. However, the mechanisms underlying functional connectivity have yet to be fully characterized, hindering interpretation of rs-fMRI studies. As in other branches of neuroscience, the identification of the neurophysiological processes that contribute to functional connectivity largely depends on research conducted on laboratory animals, which provide a platform where specific, multi-dimensional investigations that involve invasive measurements can be carried out. These highly controlled experiments facilitate the interpretation of the temporal correlations observed across the brain. Indeed, information obtained from animal experimentation to date is the basis for our current understanding of the underlying basis for functional brain connectivity. This review presents a compendium of some of the most critical advances in the field based on the efforts made by the animal neuroimaging community.
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97
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Golkowski D, Willnecker R, Rösler J, Ranft A, Schneider G, Jordan D, Ilg R. Dynamic Patterns of Global Brain Communication Differentiate Conscious From Unconscious Patients After Severe Brain Injury. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:625919. [PMID: 34566586 PMCID: PMC8458756 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.625919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiology of the subjective sensation of being conscious is elusive; therefore, it remains controversial how consciousness can be recognized in patients who are not responsive but seemingly awake. During general anesthesia, a model for the transition between consciousness and unconsciousness, specific covariance matrices between the activity of brain regions that we call patterns of global brain communication reliably disappear when people lose consciousness. This functional magnetic imaging study investigates how patterns of global brain communication relate to consciousness and unconsciousness in a heterogeneous sample during general anesthesia and after brain injury. First, we describe specific patterns of global brain communication during wakefulness that disappear during propofol (n = 11) and sevoflurane (n = 14) general anesthesia. Second, we search for these patterns in a cohort of unresponsive wakeful patients (n = 18) and unmatched healthy controls (n = 20) in order to evaluate their potential use in clinical practice. We found that patterns of global brain communication characterized by high covariance in sensory and motor areas or low overall covariance and their dynamic change were strictly associated with intact consciousness in this cohort. In addition, we show that the occurrence of these two patterns is significantly related to activity within the frontoparietal network of the brain, a network known to play a crucial role in conscious perception. We propose that this approach potentially recognizes consciousness in the clinical routine setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Golkowski
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Willnecker
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rösler
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ranft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Jordan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Ilg
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Asklepios Clinic, Department of Neurology, Bad Tölz, Germany
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98
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A Systematic Review of Sleep in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: From Diagnosis to Prognosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081072. [PMID: 34439690 PMCID: PMC8393958 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of intensive care technology, the number of patients who survive acute severe brain injury has increased significantly. At present, it is difficult to diagnose the patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs) because motor responses in these patients may be very limited and inconsistent. Electrophysiological criteria, such as event-related potentials or motor imagery, have also been studied to establish a diagnosis and prognosis based on command-following or active paradigms. However, the use of such task-based techniques in DOC patients is methodologically complex and requires careful analysis and interpretation. The present paper focuses on the analysis of sleep patterns for the evaluation of DOC and its relationships with diagnosis and prognosis outcomes. We discuss the concepts of sleep patterns in patients suffering from DOC, identification of this challenging population, and the prognostic value of sleep. The available literature on individuals in an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or minimally conscious state (MCS) following traumatic or nontraumatic severe brain injury is reviewed. We can distinguish patients with different levels of consciousness by studying sleep patients with DOC. Most MCS patients have sleep and wake alternations, sleep spindles and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while UWS patients have few EEG changes. A large number of sleep spindles and organized sleep-wake patterns predict better clinical outcomes. It is expected that this review will promote our understanding of sleep EEG in DOC.
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99
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Zhang J, Kucyi A, Raya J, Nielsen AN, Nomi JS, Damoiseaux JS, Greene DJ, Horovitz SG, Uddin LQ, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. What have we really learned from functional connectivity in clinical populations? Neuroimage 2021; 242:118466. [PMID: 34389443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC), or the statistical interdependence of blood-oxygen dependent level (BOLD) signals between brain regions using fMRI, has emerged as a widely used tool for probing functional abnormalities in clinical populations due to the promise of the approach across conceptual, technical, and practical levels. With an already vast and steadily accumulating neuroimaging literature on neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurological diseases and disorders in which FC is a primary measure, we aim here to provide a high-level synthesis of major concepts that have arisen from FC findings in a manner that cuts across different clinical conditions and sheds light on overarching principles. We highlight that FC has allowed us to discover the ubiquity of intrinsic functional networks across virtually all brains and clarify typical patterns of neurodevelopment over the lifespan. This understanding of typical FC maturation with age has provided important benchmarks against which to evaluate divergent maturation in early life and degeneration in late life. This in turn has led to the important insight that many clinical conditions are associated with complex, distributed, network-level changes in the brain, as opposed to solely focal abnormalities. We further emphasize the important role that FC studies have played in supporting a dimensional approach to studying transdiagnostic clinical symptoms and in enhancing the multimodal characterization and prediction of the trajectory of symptom progression across conditions. We highlight the unprecedented opportunity offered by FC to probe functional abnormalities in clinical conditions where brain function could not be easily studied otherwise, such as in disorders of consciousness. Lastly, we suggest high priority areas for future research and acknowledge critical barriers associated with the use of FC methods, particularly those related to artifact removal, data denoising and feasibility in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, 125 Nightingale Hall, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Aaron Kucyi
- Department of Psychology, 125 Nightingale Hall, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jovicarole Raya
- Department of Psychology, 125 Nightingale Hall, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
| | - Jessica S Damoiseaux
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, 125 Nightingale Hall, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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100
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Dopaminergic modulation of human consciousness via default mode network connectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111268118. [PMID: 34330840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111268118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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