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Ayala PG, Acevedo RM, Luna CV, Rivarola M, Acuña C, Marcucci Poltri S, González AM, Sansberro PA. Transcriptome Dynamics of Rooting Zone and Leaves during In Vitro Adventitious Root Formation in Eucalyptus nitens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233301. [PMID: 36501341 PMCID: PMC9740172 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wood properties and agronomic traits associated with fast growth and frost tolerance make Eucalyptus nitens a valuable forest alternative. However, the rapid age-related decline in the adventitious root (AR) formation (herein, meaning induction, initiation, and expression stages) limits its propagation. We analyzed transcriptomic profile variation in leaves and stem bases during AR induction of microcuttings to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in AR formation. In addition, we quantified expressions of candidate genes associated with recalcitrance. We delimited the ontogenic phases of root formation using histological techniques and Scarecrow and Short-Root expression quantification for RNA sequencing sample collection. We quantified the gene expressions associated with root meristem formation, auxin biosynthesis, perception, signaling, conjugation, and cytokinin signaling in shoots harvested from 2- to 36-month-old plants. After IBA treatment, 702 transcripts changed their expressions. Several were involved in hormone homeostasis and the signaling pathways that determine cell dedifferentiation, leading to root meristem formation. In part, the age-related decline in the rooting capacity is attributable to the increase in the ARR1 gene expression, which negatively affects auxin homeostasis. The analysis of the transcriptomic variation in the leaves and rooting zones provided profuse information: (1) To elucidate the auxin metabolism; (2) to understand the hormonal and signaling processes involved; (3) to collect data associated with their recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G. Ayala
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
- Mejoramiento Genético Forestal, INTA-EEA Concordia, CC 34, Concordia E3200AQK, Argentina
| | - Raúl M. Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Claudia V. Luna
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Cintia Acuña
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Susana Marcucci Poltri
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Ana M. González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Pedro A. Sansberro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +54-3794427589
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Alavilli H, Poli Y, Verma KS, Kumar V, Gupta S, Chaudhary V, Jyoti A, Sahi SV, Kothari SL, Jain A. Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera: Status of the Genetic Diversity, Breeding, In Vitro Propagation, and a Cogent Source of Commercial Functional Food and Non-Food Products. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3132. [PMID: 36432862 PMCID: PMC9694164 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a fast-growing drought-resistant tree belonging to the family Moringaceae and native to the Indian subcontinent and cultivated and/or naturalized worldwide with a semi-arid climate. MO is also popularly known as a miracle tree for its repertoire of nutraceutical, pharmacological, and phytochemical properties. The MO germplasm is collected, conserved, and maintained by various institutions across the globe. Various morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers are used for determining the genetic diversity in MO accessions. A higher yield of leaves and pods is often desirable for making various products with commercial viability and amenable for trade in the international market. Therefore, breeding elite varieties adapted to local agroclimatic conditions and in vitro propagation are viable and sustainable approaches. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of MO germplasm conservation and various markers that are employed for assessing the genetic diversity among them. Further, breeding and in vitro propagation of MO for various desirable agronomic traits are discussed. Finally, trade and commerce of various functional and biofortified foods and non-food products are enumerated albeit with a need for a rigorous and stringent toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yugandhar Poli
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - Kumar Sambhav Verma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India
| | - Vigi Chaudhary
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Biotechnology Department, Chandigarh University, National Highway-95, Ludhiana-Chandigarh State Highway, Chandigarh 160055, India
| | - Shivendra V. Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University (University City Campus), 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shanker Lal Kothari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
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53
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Jiang Z, Zhang H, Jiao P, Wei X, Liu S, Guan S, Ma Y. The Integration of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Provides New Insights for the Identification of Genes Key to Auxin Synthesis at Different Growth Stages of Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13195. [PMID: 36361983 PMCID: PMC9659120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a staple food crop, maize is widely cultivated worldwide. Sex differentiation and kernel development are regulated by auxin, but the mechanism regulating its synthesis remains unclear. This study explored the influence of the growth stage of maize on the secondary metabolite accumulation and gene expression associated with auxin synthesis. Transcriptomics and metabonomics were used to investigate the changes in secondary metabolite accumulation and gene expression in maize leaves at the jointing, tasseling, and pollen-release stages of plant growth. In total, 1221 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 4843 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs and DAMs revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, tryptophan metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were highly enriched. We summarized the key genes and regulatory effects of the tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathways, giving new insights into this type of biosynthesis. Potential MSTRG.11063 and MSTRG.35270 and MSTRG.21978 genes in auxin synthesis pathways were obtained. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified five candidate genes, namely TSB (Zm00001d046676 and Zm00001d049610), IGS (Zm00001d020008), AUX2 (Zm00001d006283), TAR (Zm00001d039691), and YUC (Zm00001d025005 and Zm00001d008255), which were important in the biosynthesis of both tryptophan and auxin. This study provides new insights for understanding the regulatory mechanism of auxin synthesis in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Honglin Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuyan Guan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yiyong Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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54
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Luo W, Xiao N, Wu F, Mo B, Kong W, Yu Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of YUCCA Gene Family in Mikania micrantha. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13037. [PMID: 36361840 PMCID: PMC9655643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a general coordinator for growth and development throughout plant lifespan, acting in a concentration-dependent manner. Tryptophan aminotransferases (YUCCA) family catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and plays a critical role in auxin homeostasis. Here, 18 YUCCA family genes divided into four categories were identified from Mikania micrantha (M. micrantha), one of the world's most invasive plants. Five highly conserved motifs were characterized in these YUCCA genes (MmYUCs). Transcriptome analysis revealed that MmYUCs exhibited distinct expression patterns in different organs and five MmYUCs showed high expression levels throughout all the five tissues, implying that they may play dominant roles in auxin biosynthesis and plant development. In addition, MmYUC6_1 was overexpressed in DR5::GUS Arabidopsis line to explore its function, which resulted in remarkably increased auxin level and typical elevated auxin-related phenotypes including shortened roots and elongated hypocotyls in the transgenic plants, suggesting that MmYUC6_1 promoted IAA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Collectively, these findings provided comprehensive insight into the phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distributions, expression patterns and functions of the MmYUC genes in M. micrantha, which would facilitate the study of molecular mechanisms underlying the fast growth of M. micrantha and preventing its invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nian Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Beixin Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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55
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Specific bacterial microbiome enhances the sexual reproduction and auxospore production of the marine diatom, Odontella. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276305. [PMID: 36260629 PMCID: PMC9581435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxospore production is a sexual reproductive strategy by diatoms to re-attain normal size after the size-reducing effect of clonal reproduction. Aside from the minimum size threshold used as a sex clock by diatoms, the environmental or chemical triggers that can induce sex in diatoms are still not well understood. Here we investigated the influence of six marine bacteria from five families on the production of sexual cells and auxospores of the ubiquitous marine polar centric diatom, Odontella sp. Microbiome association and co-occurrence with the diatom in culture and in nature were investigated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Indole acetic acid (IAA) secretion, a phytohormone that regulates plants' growth and sexual development, was explored as a potential inducer of sexual reproduction in Odontella and compared between bacterial associates. We found that Odontella co-cultured with Flavobacteriaceae (Polaribacter and Cellulophaga) have significantly more sexual cells and auxospores than bacteria-free Odontella and Odontella co-cultured with other bacteria from Vibrionaceae (Vibrio), Pseudoalteromonadaceae (Pseudoalteromonas), Rhodobacteraceae (Sulfitobacter), or Planococcaceae (Planococcus) family. Differences in IAA secretion were observed between bacterial isolates, but this did not correspond consistently with the diatom's clonal growth or production of sexual cells and auxospores. Microbiome composition survey of Odontella cultures showed that the diatom harbors homologous sequences of the four bacterial isolates at varying proportions, with Sulfitobacter and Polaribacter at high abundances. Microbiome surveys at Santa Cruz Wharf, Monterey Bay, from 2014-2015 showed that Odontella abundance is positively correlated with Flavobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae abundances. Our study demonstrates that specific members of the diatom microbiome can enhance the host's sexual reproduction, with the interkingdom interaction driven by partner compatibility and long-term association. Sex-enhancing bacteria may even be needed by the diatom host to carry out the optimal inducement of sex under normal conditions, allowing for size restitution and maintaining genetic diversity in culture and in nature.
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56
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Roles of Auxin in the Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance of Horticultural Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172761. [PMID: 36078168 PMCID: PMC9454831 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin, a plant hormone, regulates virtually every aspect of plant growth and development. Many current studies on auxin focus on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, or on field crops, such as rice and wheat. There are relatively few studies on what role auxin plays in various physiological processes of a range of horticultural plants. In this paper, recent studies on the role of auxin in horticultural plant growth, development, and stress response are reviewed to provide novel insights for horticultural researchers and cultivators to improve the quality and application of horticultural crops.
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57
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Identification of Oxindoleacetic Acid Conjugates in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds by High-Resolution UHPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175629. [PMID: 36080392 PMCID: PMC9458244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has a high nutritional value and it contains a high number and high amounts of specialized metabolites. These metabolites include, for example, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids. In addition, it is known to contain N-containing metabolites, such as betalains. Here, we report the presence and identification of 14 new oxindoleacetate conjugates in quinoa by high-resolution ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and ultrahigh-resolution UHPLC-QOrbitrap-MS/MS. The oxindoleacetate conjugates were extracted from dried and ground quinoa seeds using either methanol/water or acetone/water (4:1, v/v) and were further concentrated into aqueous phase and analyzed by UHPLC with reverse-phase chromatography using acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid as eluents. High-resolution hybrid LC-MS/MS techniques, including full scan MS with in-source collision, induced dissociation, and data dependent-MS2(TopN) with stepped normalized collision energies using N2 as collision gas and data-independent acquisition (MSE) using ramped collision energies and argon as collision gas enabled their analysis directly from the crude quinoa seed extract. The oxindoleacetate conjugates were found to be present in both conventional and organic farmed seeds. According to our best knowledge, this is the first time hydroxy-oxindoles have been reported in quinoa.
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58
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Wang H, Ouyang Q, Yang C, Zhang Z, Hou D, Liu H, Xu H. Mutation of OsPIN1b by CRISPR/Cas9 Reveals a Role for Auxin Transport in Modulating Rice Architecture and Root Gravitropism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168965. [PMID: 36012245 PMCID: PMC9409181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and content of auxin within plant tissues affect a variety of important growth and developmental processes. Polar auxin transport (PAT), mainly mediated by auxin influx and efflux transporters, plays a vital role in determining auxin maxima and gradients in plants. The auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) family is one of the major protein families involved in PAT. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome possesses 12 OsPIN genes. However, the detailed functions of OsPIN genes involved in regulating the rice architecture and gravity response are less well understood. In the present study, OsPIN1b was disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and its roles in modulating rice architecture and root gravitropism were investigated. Tissue-specific analysis showed that OsPIN1b was mainly expressed in roots, stems and sheaths at the seedling stage, and the transcript abundance was progressively decreased during the seedling stages. Expression of OsPIN1b could be quickly and greatly induced by NAA, indicating that OsPIN1b played a vital role in PAT. IAA homeostasis was disturbed in ospin1b mutants, as evidenced by the changed sensitivity of shoot and root to NAA and NPA treatment, respectively. Mutation of OsPIN1b resulted in pleiotropic phenotypes, including decreased growth of shoots and primary roots, reduced adventitious root number in rice seedlings, as well as shorter and narrower leaves, increased leaf angle, more tiller number and decreased plant height and panicle length at the late developmental stage. Moreover, ospin1b mutants displayed a curly root phenotype cultured with tap water regardless of lighting conditions, while nutrient solution culture could partially rescue the curly root phenotype in light and almost completely abolish this phenotype in darkness, indicating the involvement of the integration of light and nutrient signals in root gravitropism regulation. Additionally, amyloplast sedimentation was impaired in the peripheral tiers of the ospin1b root cap columella cell, while it was not the main contributor to the abnormal root gravitropism. These data suggest that OsPIN1b not only plays a vital role in regulating rice architecture but also functions in regulating root gravitropism by the integration of light and nutrient signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Qiqi Ouyang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Chong Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Zhuoyan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Dianyun Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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Chemical inhibition of the auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the roles of metabolic turnover in auxin homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206869119. [PMID: 35914172 PMCID: PMC9371723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206869119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), plays a prominent role in plant development. Auxin homeostasis is coordinately regulated by auxin synthesis, transport, and inactivation; however, the physiological contribution of auxin inactivation to auxin homeostasis has not been determined. The GH3 IAA-amino acid conjugating enzymes play a central role in auxin inactivation. Chemical inhibition of GH3 proteins in planta is challenging because the inhibition of these enzymes leads to IAA overaccumulation that rapidly induces GH3 expression. Here, we report the characterization of a potent GH3 inhibitor, kakeimide, that selectively targets IAA-conjugating GH3 proteins. Chemical knockdown of the auxin inactivation pathway demonstrates that auxin turnover is very rapid (about 10 min) and indicates that both auxin biosynthesis and inactivation dynamically regulate auxin homeostasis.
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60
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Huang X, Maisch J, Hayashi KI, Nick P. Fluorescent Auxin Analogs Report Two Auxin Binding Sites with Different Subcellular Distribution and Affinities: A Cue for Non-Transcriptional Auxin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158593. [PMID: 35955725 PMCID: PMC9369420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of auxin signaling is partially due to multiple auxin receptors that trigger differential signaling. To obtain insight into the subcellular localization of auxin-binding sites, we used fluorescent auxin analogs that can undergo transport but do not deploy auxin signaling. Using fluorescent probes for different subcellular compartments, we can show that the fluorescent analog of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and tonoplast, while the fluorescent analog of indole acetic acid (IAA) binds to the ER. The binding of the fluorescent NAA analog to the ER can be outcompeted by unlabeled NAA, which allows us to estimate the affinity of NAA for this binding site to be around 1 μM. The non-transportable auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) interferes with the binding site for the fluorescent NAA analog at the tonoplast but not with the binding site for the fluorescent IAA analog at the ER. We integrate these data into a working model, where the tonoplast hosts a binding site with a high affinity for 2,4-D, while the ER hosts a binding site with high affinity for NAA. Thus, the differential subcellular localization of binding sites reflects the differential signaling in response to these artificial auxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jan Maisch
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan;
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-608-42144
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61
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Tillmann M, Tang Q, Gardner G, Cohen JD. Complexity of the auxin biosynthetic network in Arabidopsis hypocotyls is revealed by multiple stable-labeled precursors. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113219. [PMID: 35523282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of plant development and in Arabidopsis thaliana can be synthesized through multiple pathways; however, the contributions of various biosynthetic pathways to specific developmental processes are largely unknown. To trace the involvement of various biosynthetic routes to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under conditions that induce adventitious root formation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls, we treated seedlings with three different stable isotope-labeled precursors ([13C6]anthranilate, [15N1]indole, and [13C3]serine) and monitored label incorporation into a number of proposed biosynthesis intermediates as well as IAA. We also employed inhibitors targeting tryptophan aminotransferases and flavin monooxygenases of the IPyA pathway, and treatment with these inhibitors differentially altered the labeling patterns from all three precursors into intermediate compounds and IAA. [13C3]Serine was used to trace utilization of tryptophan (Trp) and downstream intermediates by monitoring 13C incorporation into Trp, indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and IAA; most 13C incorporation into IAA was eliminated with inhibitor treatments, suggesting Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis through the IPyA pathway is a dominant contributor to the auxin pool in de-etiolating hypocotyls that can be effectively blocked using chemical inhibitors. Labeling treatment with both [13C6]anthranilate and [15N1]indole simultaneously resulted in higher label incorporation into IAA through [15N1]indole than through [13C6]anthranilate; however, this trend was reversed in the proposed precursors that were monitored, with the majority of isotope label originating from [13C6]anthranilate. An even greater proportion of IAA became [15N1]-labeled compared to [13C6]-labeled in seedlings treated with IPyA pathway inhibitors, suggesting that, when the IPyA pathway is blocked, IAA biosynthesis from labeled indole may also come from an origin independent of the measured pool of Trp in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Tillmann
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Ave, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Ave, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
| | - Gary Gardner
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Ave, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
| | - Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Ave, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
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Carvalho TLG, Rosman AC, Grativol C, de M. Nogueira E, Baldani JI, Hemerly AS. Sugarcane Genotypes with Contrasting Biological Nitrogen Fixation Efficiencies Differentially Modulate Nitrogen Metabolism, Auxin Signaling, and Microorganism Perception Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1971. [PMID: 35956449 PMCID: PMC9370643 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is an economically important crop that is used for the production of fuel ethanol. Diazotrophic bacteria have been isolated from sugarcane tissues, without causing visible plant anatomical changes or disease symptoms. These bacteria can be beneficial to the plant by promoting root growth and an increase in plant yield. Different rates of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) were observed in different genotypes. The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive molecular and physiological analysis of two model genotypes for contrasting BNF efficiency in order to unravel plant genes that are differentially regulated during a natural association with diazotrophic bacteria. A next-generation sequencing of RNA samples from the genotypes SP70-1143 (high-BNF) and Chunee (low-BNF) was performed. A differential transcriptome analysis showed that several pathways were differentially regulated among the two BNF-contrasting genotypes, including nitrogen metabolism, hormone regulation and bacteria recognition. Physiological analyses, such as nitrogenase and GS activity quantification, bacterial colonization, auxin response and root architecture evaluation, supported the transcriptome expression analyses. The differences observed between the genotypes may explain, at least in part, the differences in BNF contributions. Some of the identified genes might be involved in key regulatory processes for a beneficial association and could be further used as tools for obtaining more efficient BNF genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Louise G. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil; (T.L.G.C.); (A.C.R.); (C.G.); (E.d.M.N.)
| | - Aline C. Rosman
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil; (T.L.G.C.); (A.C.R.); (C.G.); (E.d.M.N.)
| | - Clícia Grativol
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil; (T.L.G.C.); (A.C.R.); (C.G.); (E.d.M.N.)
- Laboratório de Química e Funções de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes 28015-622, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de M. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil; (T.L.G.C.); (A.C.R.); (C.G.); (E.d.M.N.)
| | - José Ivo Baldani
- Laboratório de Genética e Bioquímica, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Agrobiologia, Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rio de Janeiro 23897-970, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Adriana S. Hemerly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil; (T.L.G.C.); (A.C.R.); (C.G.); (E.d.M.N.)
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63
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Yadav S, Yugandhar P, Alavilli H, Raliya R, Singh A, Sahi SV, Sarkar AK, Jain A. Potassium Chloroaurate-Mediated In Vitro Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Improved Root Growth by Crosstalk with Sucrose and Nutrient-Dependent Auxin Homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122099. [PMID: 35745438 PMCID: PMC9230854 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In a hydroponic system, potassium chloroaurate (KAuCl4) triggers the in vitro sucrose (Suc)-dependent formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs stimulate the growth of the root system, but their molecular mechanism has not been deciphered. The root system of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) exhibits developmental plasticity in response to the availability of various nutrients, Suc, and auxin. Here, we showed the roles of Suc, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in facilitating a AuNPs-mediated increase in root growth. Furthermore, the recuperating effects of KAuCl4 on the natural (IAA) auxin-mediated perturbation of the root system were demonstrated. Arabidopsis seedlings harboring the cell division marker CycB1;1::CDB-GUS provided evidence of the restoration efficacy of KAuCl4 on the IAA-mediated inhibitory effect on meristematic cell proliferation of the primary and lateral roots. Arabidopsis harboring synthetic auxin DR5rev::GFP exhibited a reinstating effect of KAuCl4 on IAA-mediated aberration in auxin subcellular localization in the root. KAuCl4 also exerted significant and differential recuperating effects on the IAA-mediated altered expression of the genes involved in auxin signaling and biosynthetic pathways in roots. Our results highlight the crosstalk between KAuCl4-mediated improved root growth and Suc and nutrient-dependent auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.Y.); (A.S.)
| | - Poli Yugandhar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India;
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Archita Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.Y.); (A.S.)
| | - Shivendra V. Sahi
- Department of Biology, University City Campus, Saint Joseph's University, 600 S. 43rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ananda K. Sarkar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
- Correspondence:
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64
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Zhang C, Yu Z, Zhang M, Li X, Wang M, Li L, Li X, Ding Z, Tian H. Serratia marcescens PLR enhances lateral root formation through supplying PLR-derived auxin and enhancing auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3711-3725. [PMID: 35196372 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) refer to bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to plant growth or stress tolerance. To further understand the molecular mechanism by which PGPR exhibit symbiosis with plants, we performed a high-throughput single colony screening from the rhizosphere, and uncovered a bacterium (named promoting lateral root, PLR) that significantly promotes Arabidopsis lateral root formation. By 16S rDNA sequencing, PLR was identified as a novel sub-species of Serratia marcescens. RNA-seq analysis of Arabidopsis integrated with phenotypic verification of auxin signalling mutants demonstrated that the promoting effect of PLR on lateral root formation is dependent on auxin signalling. Furthermore, PLR enhanced tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis by inducing multiple auxin biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis. Genome-wide sequencing of PLR integrated with the identification of IAA and its precursors in PLR exudates showed that tryptophan treatment significantly enhanced the ability of PLR to produce IAA and its precursors. Interestingly, PLR induced the expression of multiple nutrient (N, P, K, S) transporter genes in Arabidopsis in an auxin-independent manner. This study provides evidence of how PLR enhances plant growth through fine-tuning auxin biosynthesis and signalling in Arabidopsis, implying a potential application of PLR in crop yield improvement through accelerating root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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65
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An X, Chen J, Liu T, Li W, Luo X, Zou L. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling of Kenaf Stems under Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111448. [PMID: 35684221 PMCID: PMC9182824 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an indispensable fiber crop that faces increasing salinity stress. In previous studies regarding the molecular mechanisms of how kenaf may respond to salt stress, no metabolic evidences have been reported. Meanwhile, studies regarding kenaf stems under adverse growth conditions have not been conducted. In the present study, multiple-layer evidences including physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolic data regarding how kenaf stems were affected by the salt stress are provided, wherein the stem growth, especially the lignification process, is retarded. Meanwhile, the transcriptomic data indicated genes involved in the photosynthesis are significantly repressed while the multiple flavonoid metabolism genes are enriched. As to the metabolic data, the content variation for the growth-promotion phytohormones such as IAA and the stress-responding ones including ABA are within or without expectations, implying these phytohormones played complicated roles when the kenaf stems encounter salt stress. However, the metabolite variations did not always agree with the expression levels of corresponding key pathway genes, possibly because the metabolite could be biosynthesized or catabolized in multiple pathways. Collectively, our data may enlighten, more specifically, downstream studies on kenaf responses against salinity and other adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia An
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China; (T.L.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86–571-82724635
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Tingting Liu
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China; (T.L.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wenlue Li
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China; (T.L.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiahong Luo
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China; (T.L.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lina Zou
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China; (T.L.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
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66
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PIN3 from Liriodendron May Function in Inflorescence Development and Root Elongation. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin, the first discovered phytohormone, is important for the growth and development of plants through the establishment of homeostasis and asymmetry. Here, we cloned the auxin transporter gene PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3) from the valuable timber tree hybrid Liriodendron (Liriodendron chinense × Liriodendron tulipifera). The gene contained a complete open reading frame of 1917 bp that encoded 638 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LhPIN3 exhibited the highest sequence similarity to the PIN3 of Vitis vinifera. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LhPIN3 was broadly expressed across different tissues/organs of Liriodendron, with the highest expression level in the roots. Heterologous overexpression of LhPIN3 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused considerable phenotypic changes, such as the root length and number of flowers. Genetic complementation of Arabidopsis pin1 mutants by LhPIN3, driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, fully restored the root length and number of flowers of the pin1 mutant. Overall, our findings reveal that LhPIN3 has similar capacities to regulate the root length and number of flowers of Arabidopsis with AtPIN1.
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67
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Zhou W, Vergis J, Mahmud T. EDB Gene Cluster-Dependent Indole Production Is Responsible for the Ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens NZI7 to Repel Grazing by Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:590-598. [PMID: 35077157 PMCID: PMC9328163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The "EDB" (from "edible") gene cluster, a variant of the ebo cluster of genes found in many bacteria and algae, allows Pseudomonas fluorescens NZI7 (referred to here as "NZI7") to repel grazing by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The mechanism underlying this phenotype is unknown. Here we report that the EDB cluster is involved in the conversion of tryptophan to (1H-indol-3-yl)-oxoacetamide, indole 3-aldehyde, and other indole-derived compounds. Inactivation of the EDB genes in NZI7 resulted in mutants that lack the ability to excrete indole-derived compounds as well as the ability to repel C. elegans. Heterologous expression of the NZI7 EDB cluster in E. coli cultivated in minimal M9 medium containing 2 mM l-tryptophan also released indole derivatives including tryptophol, 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole, colletotryptin E, and two new dimeric indoles. Expression of the NZI7 EDB cluster in E. coli, cultured in minimal M9 medium and lacking tryptophan, did not produce detectable levels of indole derivatives. Both (1H-indol-3-yl)-oxoacetamide and indole 3-aldehyde showed repellent activity against C. elegans, revealing the mechanism underlying the ability of P. fluorescens NZI7 to repel grazing by C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-3507, United States
| | - John Vergis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-3507, United States
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-3507, United States
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68
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Frank M, Cortleven A, Pěnčík A, Novak O, Schmülling T. The Photoperiod Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana Depends on Auxin Acting as an Antagonist to the Protectant Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062936. [PMID: 35328357 PMCID: PMC8955046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating environmental conditions trigger adaptive responses in plants, which are regulated by phytohormones. During photoperiod stress caused by a prolongation of the light period, cytokinin (CK) has a protective function. Auxin often acts as an antagonist of CK in developmental processes and stress responses. Here, we investigated the regulation of the photoperiod stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana by auxin and its interaction with CK. Transcriptome analysis revealed an altered transcript abundance of numerous auxin metabolism and signaling genes after photoperiod stress treatment. The changes appeared earlier and were stronger in the photoperiod-stress-sensitive CK receptor mutant arabidopsis histidine kinase 2 (ahk2),3 compared to wild-type plants. The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), IAA-Glc and IAA-Asp increased in both genotypes, but the increases were more pronounced in ahk2,3. Genetic analysis revealed that the gain-of-function YUCCA 1 (YUC1) mutant, yuc1D, displayed an increased photoperiod stress sensitivity. In contrast, a loss of the auxin receptors TRANSPORT-INHIBITOR-RESISTANT 1 (TIR1), AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX 2 (AFB2) and AFB3 in wild-type and ahk2,3 background caused a reduced photoperiod stress response. Overall, this study revealed that auxin promotes response to photoperiod stress antagonizing the protective CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Frank
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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69
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Syrova DS, Shaposhnikov AI, Yuzikhin OS, Belimov AA. Destruction and Transformation of Phytohormones By Microorganisms. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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70
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Lu S, Wang P, Nai G, Li Y, Su Y, Liang G, Chen B, Mao J. Insight into VvGH3 genes evolutional relationship from monocotyledons and dicotyledons reveals that VvGH3-9 negatively regulates the drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:70-86. [PMID: 35033858 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) gene family is necessary for growth and development in plants and is regulated by osmotic stress and various hormones. Although it has been reported in many plants, the evolutionary relationship of GH3 in grape has not been systematically analyzed from the perspective of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. This study identified and analyzed 188 GH3 genes, which were distinctly divided into 9 subgroups, and found these subgroups have obviously been clustered between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. VvGH3-x genes had higher synteny with apple and Arabidopsis than that of rice, and the average Ka/Ks value in monocotyledons was higher than that of dicotyledons. The codon usage index showed that monocotyledons preferred to use G3s, C3s, and GC3s, while dicotyledons preferred to use A3s and T3s. The GH3 genes of grape exhibited different expression patterns in various tissues, different abiotic stresses, and hormonal treatments. The subcellular localization showed that VvGH3-9 was expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Additionally, under 20% PEG treatment, the IAA and ABA contents, relative expression levels of VvGH3-9, relative electrical conductivity (REC), as well as MDA were obviously increased in VvGH3-9 overexpression lines at 72 h. In contrast, compared to WT, the contents of proline and H2O2, the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT, and the relative expression levels of drought responsive genes were significantly decreased in overexpressing lines. Collectively, this study provided helpful insight for the evolution of GH3 genes and presented some possibilities to study the functions of GH3 genes in monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guojie Nai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yanli Su
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guoping Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Regulation of the Bud Dormancy Development and Release in Micropropagated Rhubarb 'Malinowy'. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031480. [PMID: 35163404 PMCID: PMC8835828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Culinary rhubarb is a vegetable crop, valued for its stalks, very rich in different natural bioactive ingredients. In commercial rhubarb stalk production, the bud dormancy development and release are crucial processes that determine the yields and quality of stalks. To date, reports on rhubarb bud dormancy regulation, however, are lacking. It is known that dormancy status depends on cultivars. The study aimed to determine the dormancy regulation in a valuable selection of rhubarb ‘Malinowy’. Changes in carbohydrate, total phenolic, endogenous hormone levels, and gene expression levels during dormancy development and release were studied in micropropagated rhubarb plantlets. Dormancy developed at high temperature (25.5 °C), and long day. Leaf senescence and dying were consistent with a significant increase in starch, total phenolics, ABA, IAA and SA levels. Five weeks of cooling at 4 °C were sufficient to break dormancy, but rhizomes stored for a longer duration showed faster and more uniformity leaf growing, and higher stalk length. No growth response was observed for non-cooled rhizomes. The low temperature activated carbohydrate and hormone metabolism and signalling in the buds. The increased expression of AMY3, BMY3, SUS3, BGLU17, GAMYB genes were consistent with a decrease in starch and increase in soluble sugars levels during dormancy release. Moreover, some genes (ZEP, ABF2, GASA4, GA2OX8) related to ABA and GA metabolism and signal transduction were activated. The relationship between auxin (IAA, IBA, 5-Cl-IAA), and phenolic, including SA levels and dormancy status was also observed.
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Lima MR, Gomes HT, Cury NF, Pereira LAR, dos Santos Silveira CE. Developing propagation protocols for Justicia lanstyakii Rizz. (Acanthaceae), an ornamental Ni-accumulating subshrub of Brazilian Cerrado. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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73
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Gupta K, Rishishwar R, Dasgupta I. The interplay of plant hormonal pathways and geminiviral proteins: partners in disease development. Virus Genes 2022; 58:1-14. [PMID: 35034268 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae infect plants and are responsible for a number of diseases of crops in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the World. The innate immune response of the plant assists in its defense against such viral pathogens by the recognition of pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns through pattern-recognition receptors. Phytohormone signalling pathways play a vital role in plant defense responses against these devastating viruses. Geminiviruses, however, have developed counter-defense strategies that prevail over the above defense pathways. The proteins encoded by geminiviruses act as suppressors of plant immunity by interacting with the signalling components of several hormones. In this review we focus on the molecular interplay of phytohormone pathways and geminiviral infection and try to find interesting parallels with similar mechanisms known in other plant-infecting viruses and strengthen the argument that this interplay is necessary for disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, -110021, India
| | - Rashmi Rishishwar
- Department of Botany, Bhagat Singh Government P.G. College, Jaora, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, 457226, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, -110021, India.
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Luo P, Di D, Wu L, Yang J, Lu Y, Shi W. MicroRNAs Are Involved in Regulating Plant Development and Stress Response through Fine-Tuning of TIR1/AFB-Dependent Auxin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010510. [PMID: 35008937 PMCID: PMC8745101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin, primarily indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is a versatile signal molecule that regulates many aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a type of short non-coding RNA, have emerged as master regulators of the auxin response pathways by affecting auxin homeostasis and perception in plants. The combination of these miRNAs and the autoregulation of the auxin signaling pathways, as well as the interaction with other hormones, creates a regulatory network that controls the level of auxin perception and signal transduction to maintain signaling homeostasis. In this review, we will detail the miRNAs involved in auxin signaling to illustrate its in planta complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Dongwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.L.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Lei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Jiangwei Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yufang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.L.); (W.S.)
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75
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Tabeta H, Higashi Y, Okazaki Y, Toyooka K, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Saito K, Hirai MY, Ferjani A. Skotomorphogenesis exploits threonine to promote hypocotyl elongation. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e26. [PMID: 37077988 PMCID: PMC10095960 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mobilisation of seed storage reserves is important for seedling establishment in Arabidopsis. In this process, sucrose is synthesised from triacylglycerol via core metabolic processes. Mutants with defects in triacylglycerol-to-sucrose conversion display short etiolated seedlings. We found that whereas sucrose content in the indole-3-butyric acid response 10 (ibr10) mutant was significantly reduced, hypocotyl elongation in the dark was unaffected, questioning the role of IBR10 in this process. To dissect the metabolic complexity behind cell elongation, a quantitative-based phenotypic analysis combined with a multi-platform metabolomics approach was applied. We revealed that triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol breakdown were disrupted in ibr10, resulting in low sugar content and poor photosynthetic ability. Importantly, batch-learning self-organised map clustering revealed that threonine level was correlated with hypocotyl length. Consistently, exogenous threonine supply stimulated hypocotyl elongation, indicating that sucrose levels are not always correlated with etiolated seedling length, suggesting the contribution of amino acids in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masami Y Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Author for correspondence: A. Ferjani, E-mail:
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76
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Mishra BS, Sharma M, Laxmi A. Role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in plant growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13546. [PMID: 34480799 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the natural environment, nutrient signals interact with phytohormones to coordinate and reprogram plant growth and survival. Sugars are important molecules that control almost all morphological and physiological processes in plants, ranging from seed germination to senescence. In addition to their functions as energy resources, osmoregulation, storage molecules, and structural components, sugars function as signaling molecules and interact with various plant signaling pathways, such as hormones, stress, and light to modulate growth and development according to fluctuating environmental conditions. Auxin, being an important phytohormone, is associated with almost all stages of the plant's life cycle and also plays a vital role in response to the dynamic environment for better growth and survival. In the previous years, substantial progress has been made that showed a range of common responses mediated by sugars and auxin signaling. This review discusses how sugar signaling affects auxin at various levels from its biosynthesis to perception and downstream gene activation. On the same note, the review also highlights the role of auxin signaling in fine-tuning sugar metabolism and carbon partitioning. Furthermore, we discussed the crosstalk between the two signaling machineries in the regulation of various biological processes, such as gene expression, cell cycle, development, root system architecture, and shoot growth. In conclusion, the review emphasized the role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in the regulation of several agriculturally important traits. Thus, engineering of sugar and auxin signaling pathways could potentially provide new avenues to manipulate for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra, Ram Gulam Rai P. G. College Banktashiv, Affiliated to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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77
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Chen R, Deng Y, Ding Y, Guo J, Qiu J, Wang B, Wang C, Xie Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Chen L, Chu C, He G, He Z, Huang X, Xing Y, Yang S, Xie D, Liu Y, Li J. Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- National Center for Gene Research, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuehui Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yaoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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78
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Cheng P, Bao S, Li C, Tong J, Shen L, Yu H. RNA N 6-methyladenosine modification promotes auxin biosynthesis required for male meiosis in rice. Dev Cell 2021; 57:246-259.e4. [PMID: 35026163 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification confers an essential layer of gene regulation in living organisms, including plants; yet, the underlying mechanisms of its deposition on specific target mRNAs involved in key plant developmental processes are so far unknown. Here, we show that a core component of the rice m6A methyltransferase complex, OsFIP37, is recruited by an RNA-binding protein, OsFIP37-associated protein 1 (OsFAP1), to mediate m6A RNA modification on an auxin biosynthesis gene, OsYUCCA3, during microsporogenesis. This stabilizes OsYUCCA3 mRNA and promotes local auxin biosynthesis in anthers during male meiosis, which is essential for meiotic division and subsequent pollen development in rice. Loss of function of OsFAP1 causes dissociation of OsFIP37 with OsYUCCA3 and the resulting abolished m6A deposition on OsYUCCA3. Our findings reveal that OsFAP1-dependent m6A deposition on OsYUCCA3 by OsFIP37 constitutes a hitherto unknown link between RNA modification and hormonal control of male meiosis in plant reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; College of Horticulture and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shengjie Bao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chengxiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Tong
- College of Horticulture and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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79
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Dziewit K, Pěnčík A, Dobrzyńska K, Novák O, Szal B, Podgórska A. Spatiotemporal auxin distribution in Arabidopsis tissues is regulated by anabolic and catabolic reactions under long-term ammonium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:602. [PMID: 34922457 PMCID: PMC8684078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant hormone auxin is a major coordinator of plant growth and development in response to diverse environmental signals, including nutritional conditions. Sole ammonium (NH4+) nutrition is one of the unique growth-suppressing conditions for plants. Therefore, the quest to understand NH4+-mediated developmental defects led us to analyze auxin metabolism. RESULTS Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most predominant natural auxin, accumulates in the leaves and roots of mature Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown on NH4+, but not in the root tips. We found changes at the expressional level in reactions leading to IAA biosynthesis and deactivation in different tissues. Finally, NH4+ nutrition would facilitate the formation of inactive oxidized IAA as the final product. CONCLUSIONS NH4+-mediated accelerated auxin turnover rates implicate transient and local IAA peaks. A noticeable auxin pattern in tissues correlates with the developmental adaptations of the short and highly branched root system of NH4+-grown plants. Therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution of auxin might be a root-shaping signal specific to adjust to NH4+-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Dziewit
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Dobrzyńska
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bożena Szal
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Institute of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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80
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Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:33-92. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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81
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Fu Y, Zhu L. HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 mediates the conversion of indole-3-butyric acid to indole-3-acetic acid to promote root hair elongation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2057-2070. [PMID: 34480752 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a predominant form of active auxin in plants. In addition to de novo biosynthesis and release from its conjugate forms, IAA can be converted from its precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The IBA-derived IAA may help drive root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but how the IBA-to-IAA conversion is regulated and affects IAA function requires further investigation. In this study, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 (HB24), a transcription factor in the zinc finger-homeodomain family (ZF-HD family) of proteins, was identified. With loss of HB24 function, defective growth occurred in root hairs. INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID RESPONSE 1 (IBR1), which encodes an enzyme involved in the IBA-to-IAA conversion, was identified as a direct target of HB24 for the control of root hair elongation. The exogenous IAA or auxin analogue 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) both rescued the root hair growth phenotype of hb24 mutants, but IBA did not, suggesting a role for HB24 in the IBA-to-IAA conversion. Therefore, HB24 participates in root hair elongation by upregulating the expression of IBR1 and subsequently promoting the IBA-to-IAA conversion. Moreover, IAA also elevated the expression of HB24, suggesting a feedback loop is involved in IBA-to-IAA conversion-mediated root hair elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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82
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Differences in the Abundance of Auxin Homeostasis Proteins Suggest Their Central Roles for In Vitro Tissue Differentiation in Coffea arabica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122607. [PMID: 34961078 PMCID: PMC8708889 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coffea arabica is one of the most important crops worldwide. In vitro culture is an alternative for achieving Coffea regeneration, propagation, conservation, genetic improvement, and genome editing. The aim of this work was to identify proteins involved in auxin homeostasis by isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) and the synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-based MS3 technology on the Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid mass spectrometer™ in three types of biological materials corresponding to C. arabica: plantlet leaves, calli, and suspension cultures. Proteins included in the β-oxidation of indole butyric acid and in the signaling, transport, and conjugation of indole-3-acetic acid were identified, such as the indole butyric response (IBR), the auxin binding protein (ABP), the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC), the Gretchen-Hagen 3 proteins (GH3), and the indole-3-acetic-leucine-resistant proteins (ILR). A more significant accumulation of proteins involved in auxin homeostasis was found in the suspension cultures vs. the plantlet, followed by callus vs. plantlet and suspension culture vs. callus, suggesting important roles of these proteins in the cell differentiation process.
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83
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Hayashi KI, Arai K, Aoi Y, Tanaka Y, Hira H, Guo R, Hu Y, Ge C, Zhao Y, Kasahara H, Fukui K. The main oxidative inactivation pathway of the plant hormone auxin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6752. [PMID: 34811366 PMCID: PMC8608799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the phytohormone auxin plays important roles in plant development, and several enzymes have been implicated in auxin inactivation. In this study, we show that the predominant natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is mainly inactivated via the GH3-ILR1-DAO pathway. IAA is first converted to IAA-amino acid conjugates by GH3 IAA-amidosynthetases. The IAA-amino acid conjugates IAA-aspartate (IAA-Asp) and IAA-glutamate (IAA-Glu) are storage forms of IAA and can be converted back to IAA by ILR1/ILL amidohydrolases. We further show that DAO1 dioxygenase irreversibly oxidizes IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu into 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid-aspartate (oxIAA-Asp) and oxIAA-Glu, which are subsequently hydrolyzed by ILR1 to release inactive oxIAA. This work established a complete pathway for the oxidative inactivation of auxin and defines the roles played by auxin homeostasis in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Arai
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoi
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Hayao Hira
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ruipan Guo
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, Gilman Dr. La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yun Hu
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, Gilman Dr. La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Chennan Ge
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, Gilman Dr. La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, Gilman Dr. La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukui
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
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84
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Hu QQ, Shu JQ, Li WM, Wang GZ. Role of Auxin and Nitrate Signaling in the Development of Root System Architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690363. [PMID: 34858444 PMCID: PMC8631788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant root is an important storage organ that stores indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from the apical meristem, as well as nitrogen, which is obtained from the external environment. IAA and nitrogen act as signaling molecules that promote root growth to obtain further resources. Fluctuations in the distribution of nitrogen in the soil environment induce plants to develop a set of strategies that effectively improve nitrogen use efficiency. Auxin integrates the information regarding the nitrate status inside and outside the plant body to reasonably distribute resources and sustainably construct the plant root system. In this review, we focus on the main factors involved in the process of nitrate- and auxin-mediated regulation of root structure to better understand how the root system integrates the internal and external information and how this information is utilized to modify the root system architecture.
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85
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Yin Q, Zhang J, Wang S, Cheng J, Gao H, Guo C, Ma L, Sun L, Han X, Chen S, Liu A. N-glucosyltransferase GbNGT1 from ginkgo complements the auxin metabolic pathway. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:229. [PMID: 34719674 PMCID: PMC8558338 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As auxins are among the most important phytohormones, the regulation of auxin homeostasis is complex. Generally, auxin conjugates, especially IAA glucosides, are predominant at high auxin levels. Previous research on terminal glucosylation focused mainly on the O-position, while IAA-N-glucoside and IAA-Asp-N-glucoside have been neglected since their discovery in 2001. In our study, IAA-Asp-N-glucoside was found to be specifically abundant (as high as 4.13 mg/g) in the seeds of 58 ginkgo cultivars. Furthermore, a novel N-glucosyltransferase, termed GbNGT1, was identified via differential transcriptome analysis and in vitro enzymatic testing. It was found that GbNGT1 could catalyze IAA-Asp and IAA to form their corresponding N-glucosides. The enzyme was demonstrated to possess a specific catalytic capacity toward the N-position of the IAA-amino acid or IAA from 52 substrates. Docking and site-directed mutagenesis of this enzyme confirmed that the E15G mutant could almost completely abolish its N-glucosylation ability toward IAA-Asp and IAA in vitro and in vivo. The IAA modification of GbNGT1 and GbGH3.5 was verified by transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana. The effect of GbNGT1 on IAA distribution promotes root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jintang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lianbao Ma
- Institute of Ginkgo, Pizhou, Jiangsu, 221300, China
| | - Limin Sun
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Jablonski B, Bajguz A, Bocian J, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Genotype-Dependent Effect of Silencing of TaCKX1 and TaCKX2 on Phytohormone Crosstalk and Yield-Related Traits in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111494. [PMID: 34768924 PMCID: PMC8584060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of silenced TaCKX1 and TaCKX2 on coexpression of other TaCKX gene family members (GFMs), phytohormone regulation and yield-related traits was tested in awned-spike cultivar. We documented a strong feedback mechanism of regulation of TaCKX GFM expression in which silencing of TaCKX1 upregulated expression of TaCKX2 genes and vice versa. Additionally, downregulation of TaCKX2 highly upregulated the expression of TaCKX5 and TaNAC2-5A. In contrast, expression of these genes in silenced TaCKX1 was downregulated. Silenced TaCKX1 T2 lines with expression decreased by 47% had significantly higher thousand grain weight (TGW) and seedling root mass. Silenced TaCKX2 T2 lines with expression of TaCKX2.2.1 and TaCKX2.2.2 decreased by 33% and 30%, respectively, had significantly higher chlorophyll content in flag leaves. TaCKX GFM expression, phytohormone metabolism and phenotype were additionally modified by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Two novel phytohormones, phenylacetic acid (PAA) and topolins, lack of gibberellic acid (GA) and changed phytohormone contents in the 7 days after pollination (DAP) spikes of the awned-spike cultivar compared to a previously tested, awnless one, were detected. We documented that major mechanisms of coregulation of the expression of TaCKX GFMs were similar in different spring wheat cultivars, but, depending on content and composition of phytohormones, regulation of yield-related traits was variously impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Jablonski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bocian
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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87
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Xie X, Wang Y, Datla R, Ren M. Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111357. [PMID: 34768785 PMCID: PMC8583787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The programs associated with embryonic roots (ERs), primary roots (PRs), lateral roots (LRs), and adventitious roots (ARs) play crucial roles in the growth and development of roots in plants. The root functions are involved in diverse processes such as water and nutrient absorption and their utilization, the storage of photosynthetic products, and stress tolerance. Hormones and signaling pathways play regulatory roles during root development. Among these, auxin is the most important hormone regulating root development. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway has also been shown to play a key role in root developmental programs. In this article, the milestones and influential progress of studying crosstalk between auxin and TOR during the development of ERs, PRs, LRs and ARs, as well as their functional implications in root morphogenesis, development, and architecture, are systematically summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Xie
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security in Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
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88
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Di DW, Sun L, Wang M, Wu J, Kronzucker HJ, Fang S, Chu J, Shi W, Li G. WRKY46 promotes ammonium tolerance in Arabidopsis by repressing NUDX9 and indole-3-acetic acid-conjugating genes and by inhibiting ammonium efflux in the root elongation zone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:190-207. [PMID: 34128546 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+ ) is toxic to root growth in most plants, even at moderate concentrations. Transcriptional regulation is one of the most important mechanisms in the response of plants to NH4+ toxicity, but the nature of the involvement of transcription factors (TFs) in this regulation remains unclear. Here, RNA-seq analysis was performed on Arabidopsis roots to screen for ammonium-responsive TFs. WRKY46, the member of the WRKY transcription factor family most responsive to NH4+ , was selected. We defined the role of WRKY46 using mutation and overexpression assays, and characterized the regulation of NUDX9 and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-conjugating genes by WRKY46 via yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR). Knockout of WRKY46 increased, while overexpression of WRKY46 decreased, NH4+ -suppression of the primary root. WRKY46 is shown to directly bind to the promoters of the NUDX9 and IAA-conjugating genes (GH3.1, GH3.6, UGT75D1, UGT84B2) and to inhibit their transcription, thus positively regulating free IAA content and stabilizing protein N-glycosylation, leading to an inhibition of NH4+ efflux in the root elongation zone (EZ). We identify TF involvement in the regulation of NH4+ efflux in the EZ, and show that WRKY46 inhibits NH4+ efflux by negative regulation of NUDX9 and IAA-conjugating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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89
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Piacentini D, Della Rovere F, Bertoldi I, Massimi L, Sofo A, Altamura MM, Falasca G. Peroxisomal PEX7 Receptor Affects Cadmium-Induced ROS and Auxin Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Root System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091494. [PMID: 34573126 PMCID: PMC8471170 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are important in plant physiological functions and stress responses. Through the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and antioxidant defense enzymes, peroxisomes control cellular redox homeostasis. Peroxin (PEX) proteins, such as PEX7 and PEX5, recognize peroxisome targeting signals (PTS1/PTS2) important for transporting proteins from cytosol to peroxisomal matrix. pex7-1 mutant displays reduced PTS2 protein import and altered peroxisomal metabolism. In this research we analyzed the role of PEX7 in the Arabidopsis thaliana root system exposed to 30 or 60 μM CdSO4. Cd uptake and translocation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) levels, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels and catalase activity were analyzed in pex7-1 mutant primary and lateral roots in comparison with the wild type (wt). The peroxisomal defect due to PEX7 mutation did not reduce Cd-uptake but reduced its translocation to the shoot and the root cell peroxisomal signal detected by 8-(4-Nitrophenyl) Bodipy (N-BODIPY) probe. The trend of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite in pex7-1 roots, exposed/not exposed to Cd, was as in wt, with the higher Cd-concentration inducing higher levels of these RNS. By contrast, PEX7 mutation caused changes in Cd-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2●-) levels in the roots, delaying ROS-scavenging. Results show that PEX7 is involved in counteracting Cd toxicity in Arabidopsis root system by controlling ROS metabolism and affecting auxin levels. These results add further information to the important role of peroxisomes in plant responses to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piacentini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Federica Della Rovere
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Ilaria Bertoldi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Via San Rocco 3, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)6-4992-2839
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90
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Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. Isolates in Cocoa Seed Treatment and Seedling Production. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091964. [PMID: 34579496 PMCID: PMC8468600 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolates of Trichoderma spp., a soil fungus, has been used to control diseases and promote plant growth, reducing the use of chemicals in the production of seedlings of different plant species. We evaluated the effect of some Trichoderma spp. isolates on seed treatment and seedling production of Theobromacacao. Five isolates from the Amazon region were tested. In laboratory, the following variables were evaluated for seed treatments: germination, germination speed index, radicle and hypocotyl lengths, and fungi incidence. In nursery, the following forms of application were tested: via seeds; in the substrate at pre-planting; monthly in post-planting substrate, and also their combination. The following was evaluated: height, diameter, number of leaves, root length, leaf area, and shoot dry mass and root system. Inoculation with Trichoderma increased the length of the radicle and hypocotyl and showed no fungi in the seeds. In seedlings, some treatments increased height and plant root dry mass. The use of Trichoderma was beneficial for seeds and appeared favorable for T. cacao production.
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91
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Wang KL, Zhang Y, Zhang HM, Lin XC, Xia R, Song L, Wu AM. MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating the rapid growth of the Phyllostachys edulis culm internode. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2215-2230. [PMID: 34101835 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a fast-growing species with uneven growth and lignification from lower to upper segments within one internode. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in post-transcriptional regulation in plants. However, how miRNAs regulate fast growth in bamboo internodes is poorly understood. In this study, one moso bamboo internode was divided during early rapid growth into four segments called F4 (bottom) to F1 (upper) and these were then analysed for transcriptomes, miRNAs and degradomes. The F4 segment had a higher number of actively dividing cells as well as a higher content of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) compared with the F1 segment. RNA-seq analysis showed DNA replication and cell division-associated genes highly expressed in F4 rather than in F1. In total, 63 miRNAs (DEMs) were identified as differentially expressed between F4 and F1. The degradome and the transcriptome indicated that many downstream transcription factors and hormonal responses genes were modulated by DEMs. Several miR-target interactions were further validated by tobacco co-infiltration. Our findings give new insights into miRNA-mediated regulatory pathways in bamboo, and will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Heng-Mu Zhang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xin-Chun Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Rui Xia
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lili Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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92
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Auxin Metabolome Profiling in the Arabidopsis Endoplasmic Reticulum Using an Optimised Organelle Isolation Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179370. [PMID: 34502279 PMCID: PMC8431077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of intracellular membranes. Its major functions include proteosynthesis, protein folding, post-transcriptional modification and sorting of proteins within the cell, and lipid anabolism. Moreover, several studies have suggested that it may be involved in regulating intracellular auxin homeostasis in plants by modulating its metabolism. Therefore, to study auxin metabolome in the ER, it is necessary to obtain a highly enriched (ideally, pure) ER fraction. Isolation of the ER is challenging because its biochemical properties are very similar to those of other cellular endomembranes. Most published protocols for ER isolation use density gradient ultracentrifugation, despite its suboptimal resolving power. Here we present an optimised protocol for ER isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for the subsequent mass spectrometric determination of ER-specific auxin metabolite profiles. Auxin metabolite analysis revealed highly elevated levels of active auxin form (IAA) within the ER compared to whole plants. Moreover, samples prepared using our optimised isolation ER protocol are amenable to analysis using various “omics” technologies including analyses of both macromolecular and low molecular weight compounds from the same sample.
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93
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Tabeta H, Watanabe S, Fukuda K, Gunji S, Asaoka M, Hirai MY, Seo M, Tsukaya H, Ferjani A. An auxin signaling network translates low-sugar-state input into compensated cell enlargement in the fugu5 cotyledon. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009674. [PMID: 34351899 PMCID: PMC8341479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the effective mobilization of seed nutrient reserves is crucial during germination and for seedling establishment. The Arabidopsis H+-PPase-loss-of-function fugu5 mutants exhibit a reduced number of cells in the cotyledons. This leads to enhanced post-mitotic cell expansion, also known as compensated cell enlargement (CCE). While decreased cell numbers have been ascribed to reduced gluconeogenesis from triacylglycerol, the molecular mechanisms underlying CCE remain ill-known. Given the role of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) in cotyledon development, and because CCE in fugu5 is specifically and completely cancelled by ech2, which shows defective IBA-to-indoleacetic acid (IAA) conversion, IBA has emerged as a potential regulator of CCE. Here, to further illuminate the regulatory role of IBA in CCE, we used a series of high-order mutants that harbored a specific defect in IBA-to-IAA conversion, IBA efflux, IAA signaling, or vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity and analyzed the genetic interaction with fugu5-1. We found that while CCE in fugu5 was promoted by IBA, defects in IBA-to-IAA conversion, IAA response, or the V-ATPase activity alone cancelled CCE. Consistently, endogenous IAA in fugu5 reached a level 2.2-fold higher than the WT in 1-week-old seedlings. Finally, the above findings were validated in icl-2, mls-2, pck1-2 and ibr10 mutants, in which CCE was triggered by low sugar contents. This provides a scenario in which following seed germination, the low-sugar-state triggers IAA synthesis, leading to CCE through the activation of the V-ATPase. These findings illustrate how fine-tuning cell and organ size regulation depend on interplays between metabolism and IAA levels in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Tabeta
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keita Fukuda
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Gunji
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRA, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | | | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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94
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Perez VC, Dai R, Bai B, Tomiczek B, Askey BC, Zhang Y, Rubin GM, Ding Y, Grenning A, Block AK, Kim J. Aldoximes are precursors of auxins in Arabidopsis and maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1449-1461. [PMID: 33959967 PMCID: PMC8282758 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two natural auxins, phenylacetic acid (PAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), play crucial roles in plant growth and development. One route of IAA biosynthesis uses the glucosinolate intermediate indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) as a precursor, which is thought to occur only in glucosinolate-producing plants in Brassicales. A recent study showed that overproducing phenylacetaldoxime (PAOx) in Arabidopsis increases PAA production. However, it remains unknown whether this increased PAA resulted from hydrolysis of PAOx-derived benzyl glucosinolate or, like IAOx-derived IAA, is directly converted from PAOx. If glucosinolate hydrolysis is not required, aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis may occur beyond Brassicales. To better understand aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis, we conducted an isotope-labelled aldoxime feeding assay using an Arabidopsis glucosinolate-deficient mutant sur1 and maize, and transcriptomics analysis. Our study demonstrated that the conversion of PAOx to PAA does not require glucosinolates in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, maize produces PAA and IAA from PAOx and IAOx, respectively, indicating that aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis also occurs in maize. Considering that aldoxime production occurs widely in the plant kingdom, aldoxime-derived auxin biosynthesis is likely to be more widespread than originally believed. A genome-wide transcriptomics study using PAOx-overproduction plants identified complex metabolic networks among IAA, PAA, phenylpropanoid and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C. Perez
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Ru Dai
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Bing Bai
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Breanna Tomiczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Bryce C. Askey
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Garret M. Rubin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | | | - Anna K. Block
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, 32608
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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95
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Smolko A, Bauer N, Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Salopek-Sondi B. Altered Root Growth, Auxin Metabolism and Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana Exposed to Salt and Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157993. [PMID: 34360759 PMCID: PMC8348202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt and osmotic stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant root growth and architecture. We investigated the effect of salt (100 mM NaCl) and osmotic (200 mM mannitol) stress on the auxin metabolome by UHPLC-MS/MS, auxin distribution by confocal microscopy, and transcript levels of selected genes by qRT-PCR in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 (Col-0) and DR5rev::GFP (DR5) line. During long-term stress (13 days), a stability of the auxin metabolome and a tendency to increase indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were observed, especially during salt stress. Short-term stress (3 h) caused significant changes in the auxin metabolome, especially NaCl treatment resulted in a significant reduction of IAA. The data derived from auxin profiling were consistent with gene expressions showing the most striking changes in the transcripts of YUC, GH3, and UGT transcripts, suggesting disruption of auxin biosynthesis, but especially in the processes of amide and ester conjugation. These data were consistent with the auxin distribution observed in the DR5 line. Moreover, NaCl treatment caused a redistribution of auxin signals from the quiescent center and the inner layers of the root cap to the epidermal and cortical cells of the root elongation zone. The distribution of PIN proteins was also disrupted by salt stress; in particular, PIN2 was suppressed, even after 5 min of treatment. Based on our results, the DR5 line was more sensitive to the applied stresses than Col-0, although both lines showed similar trends in root morphology, as well as transcriptome and metabolome parameters under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Nataša Bauer
- Department for Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561-143
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96
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Chen J, Xue M, Liu H, Fernie AR, Chen W. Exploring the genic resources underlying metabolites through mGWAS and mQTL in wheat: From large-scale gene identification and pathway elucidation to crop improvement. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100216. [PMID: 34327326 PMCID: PMC8299079 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a leading cereal crop, but has lagged behind with respect to the interpretation of the molecular mechanisms of phenotypes compared with other major cereal crops such as rice and maize. The recently available genome sequence of wheat affords the pre-requisite information for efficiently exploiting the potential molecular resources for decoding the genetic architecture of complex traits and identifying valuable breeding targets. Meanwhile, the successful application of metabolomics as an emergent large-scale profiling methodology in several species has demonstrated this approach to be accessible for reaching the above goals. One such productive avenue is combining metabolomics approaches with genetic designs. However, this trial is not as widespread as that for sequencing technologies, especially when the acquisition, understanding, and application of metabolic approaches in wheat populations remain more difficult and even arguably underutilized. In this review, we briefly introduce the techniques used in the acquisition of metabolomics data and their utility in large-scale identification of functional candidate genes. Considerable progress has been made in delivering improved varieties, suggesting that the inclusion of information concerning these metabolites and genes and metabolic pathways enables a more explicit understanding of phenotypic traits and, as such, this procedure could serve as an -omics-informed roadmap for executing similar improvement strategies in wheat and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingyun Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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97
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Li X, Liao M, Huang J, Xu Z, Lin Z, Ye N, Zhang Z, Peng X. Glycolate oxidase-dependent H 2O 2 production regulates IAA biosynthesis in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:326. [PMID: 34229625 PMCID: PMC8261990 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is not only a key enzyme in photorespiration but also a major engine for H2O2 production in plants. Catalase (CAT)-dependent H2O2 decomposition has been previously reported to be involved in the regulation of IAA biosynthesis. However, it is still not known which mechanism contributed to the H2O2 production in IAA regulation. RESULTS In this study, we found that in glo mutants of rice, as H2O2 levels decreased IAA contents significantly increased, whereas high CO2 abolished the difference in H2O2 and IAA contents between glo mutants and WT. Further analyses showed that tryptophan (Trp, the precursor for IAA biosynthesis in the Trp-dependent biosynthetic pathway) also accumulated due to increased tryptophan synthetase β (TSB) activity. Moreover, expression of the genes involved in Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis and IBA to IAA conversion were correspondingly up-regulated, further implicating that both pathways contribute to IAA biosynthesis as mediated by the GLO-dependent production of H2O2. CONCLUSION We investigated the function of GLO in IAA signaling in different levels from transcription, enzyme activities to metabolic levels. The results suggest that GLO-dependent H2O2 signaling, essentially via photorespiration, confers regulation over IAA biosynthesis in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengmeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhanqiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1, Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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98
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Castroverde CDM, Dina D. Temperature regulation of plant hormone signaling during stress and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab257. [PMID: 34081133 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has broad-ranging impacts on the natural environment and human civilization. Increasing average temperatures along with more frequent heat waves collectively have negative effects on cultivated crops in agricultural sectors and wild species in natural ecosystems. These aberrantly hot temperatures, together with cold stress, represent major abiotic stresses to plants. Molecular and physiological responses to high and low temperatures are intricately linked to the regulation of important plant hormones. In this review, we shall highlight our current understanding of how changing temperatures regulate plant hormone pathways during immunity, stress responses and development. This article will present an overview of known temperature-sensitive or temperature-reinforced molecular hubs in hormone biosynthesis, homeostasis, signaling and downstream responses. These include recent advances on temperature regulation at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels - directly linking some plant hormone pathways to known thermosensing mechanisms. Where applicable, diverse plant species and various temperature ranges will be presented, along with emerging principles and themes. It is anticipated that a grand unifying synthesis of current and future fundamental outlooks on how fluctuating temperatures regulate important plant hormone signaling pathways can be leveraged towards forward-thinking solutions to develop climate-smart crops amidst our dynamically changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damaris Dina
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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99
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Di DW, Li G, Sun L, Wu J, Wang M, Kronzucker HJ, Fang S, Chu J, Shi W. High ammonium inhibits root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting auxin conjugation rather than inhibiting auxin biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153415. [PMID: 33894579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) inhibits primary root (PR) growth in most plant species when present even at moderate concentrations. Previous studies have shown that transport of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is critical to maintaining root elongation under high-NH4+ stress. However, the precise regulation of IAA homeostasis under high-NH4+ stress (HAS) remains unclear. In this study, qRT-PCR, RNA-seq, free IAA and IAA conjugate and PR elongation measurements were conducted in genetic mutants to investigate the role of IAA biosynthesis and conjugation under HAS. Our data clearly show that HAS decreases free IAA in roots by increasing IAA inactivation but does not decrease IAA biosynthesis, and that the IAA-conjugating genes GH3.1, GH3.2, GH3.3, GH3.4, and GH3.6 function as the key genes in regulating high-NH4+ sensitivity in the roots. Furthermore, the analysis of promoter::GUS staining in situ and genetic mutants reveals that HAS promotes IAA conjugation in the elongation zone (EZ), which may be responsible for the PR inhibition observed under HAS. This study provides potential new insight into the role of auxin in the improvement of tolerance to NH4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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100
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Bowman JL, Flores Sandoval E, Kato H. On the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plant Auxin Biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040048. [PMID: 33558368 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid, that is, auxin, is a molecule found in a broad phylogenetic distribution of organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. In the ancestral land plant auxin was co-opted to be the paramount phytohormone mediating tropic responses and acting as a facilitator of developmental decisions throughout the life cycle. The evolutionary origins of land plant auxin biology genes can now be traced with reasonable clarity. Genes encoding the two enzymes of the land plant auxin biosynthetic pathway arose in the ancestral land plant by a combination of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria and possible neofunctionalization following gene duplication. Components of the auxin transcriptional signaling network have their origins in ancestral alga genes, with gene duplication and neofunctionalization of key domains allowing integration of a portion of the preexisting transcriptional network with auxin. Knowledge of the roles of orthologous genes in extant charophycean algae is lacking, but could illuminate the ancestral functions of both auxin and the co-opted transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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