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Zaidi B, Smida N, Althobaiti MG, Aldajani AG, Almdhaibri SD. Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Based Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Application: Functionalization, Structural, and Optical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1093. [PMID: 35335425 PMCID: PMC8951899 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a systematic review of nanostructured organic materials, including synthesis methods, functionalization, and applications. First, we report the chemical and physical procedures used for preparing the polymer/carbon nanotube composites described in the literature over the last decade. We compare the properties of different polymer-based prototypes of organic nanocomposites functionalized with carbon nanotubes. Theoretical and experimental vibrational investigations provide evidence of the molecular structure describing the interaction between both components, showing that the allowed amount of carbon nanotubes and their dispersion states differ across polymers. Moreover, the nature of the solvent used in the preparation has a significant impact on the dispersion process. The integration of these materials in photovoltaic applications is discussed, where the impact of nanoparticles is evidenced through the correlation between experimental analyses and theoretical approaches based on density functional theory. Alterations in optical properties, evaluated from the absorption and luminescence process, are coherent with the solar spectrum, and a good distribution of donor/acceptor interpenetration was observed. In all cases, it was demonstrated that the performance improvement is physically related to the charge transfer from the organic matrix to the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boubaker Zaidi
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 11911, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (S.D.A.)
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Asymétrique et Ingénierie Moléculaire de Matériaux Organiques Pour L’électronique Organique LR 18ES19, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Smida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, AlQuwaiiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | | | - Atheer G. Aldajani
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 11911, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (S.D.A.)
| | - Saif D. Almdhaibri
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 11911, Saudi Arabia; (A.G.A.); (S.D.A.)
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Wang X, Feng C, Liu P, He Z, Cao Y. Origin of the Additive-Induced V OC Change in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107106. [PMID: 35088934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additives are often used to adjust the morphology of the active layer to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, taking typical high-efficiency non-fullerene systems as examples, the effect of the additive on the device performance in non-fullerene OSCs is systematically investigated. Surprisingly, an unpresented VOC change is observed in the opposite direction of the two typical systems (PM6:Y6 and PTB7-Th: ITIC) appearing after the incorporation of the additive DIO, which can be affected by the morphological differences as indicated by the several morphological studies. The bewildering VOC change caused by the additive in different material systems is supposed to originate from the different energy level variations as verified by the energy level studies. Molecular dynamic (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also included to get an insight into the dynamic of the additive-induced morphological differences that are supposed to contribute to the energy level changes. Combining a series of morphological and energic studies as well as the theoretical calculations, the origin of unforeseeable VOC changes caused by additives in non-fullerene OSCs is clarified, and provides in-depth insights into the effects of additives on device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicai He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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53
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Xia H, Zhang Y, Deng W, Liu K, Xia X, Su CJ, Jeng US, Zhang M, Huang J, Huang J, Yan C, Wong WY, Lu X, Zhu W, Li G. Novel Oligomer Enables Green Solvent Processed 17.5% Ternary Organic Solar Cells: Synergistic Energy Loss Reduction and Morphology Fine-Tuning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107659. [PMID: 34997631 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The large non-radiative recombination is the main factor that limits state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two novel structurally similar oligomers (named 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT) with D-A-D-A-D and A-D-A-D-A configuration are synthesized for high-performance ternary OSCs with low energy loss. As third components, these PM6 analogue oligomers effectively suppress the non-radiative recombination in OSCs. Although the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT are higher than that of PM6, the oligomers enabled ultra-high electroluminescence quantum efficiency (EQEEL ) of 0.05% and improved VOC , indicating suppressing non-radiative recombination overweighs the common belief of deeper HOMO requirement in third component selection. Moreover, the different compatibility of 5BDTBDD and 5BDDBDT with PM6 and BTP-BO4Cl fine-tunes the active layer morphology with synergistic effects. The ternary devices based on PM6:5BDTBDD:BTPBO4Cl and PM6:5BDDBDT:BTP-BO4Cl achieve a significantly improved PCEs of 17.54% and 17.32%, representing the state-of-the art OSCs processed by green solvent of o-xylene. The strategy using novel oligomer as third component also has very wide composition tolerance in ternary OSCs. This is the first work that demonstrates novel structurally compatible D-A type oligomers are effective third components, and provides new understanding of synergetic energy loss mechanisms towards high performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xia
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Mdluli SB, Ramoroka ME, Yussuf ST, Modibane KD, John-Denk VS, Iwuoha EI. π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:716. [PMID: 35215629 PMCID: PMC8877693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyabonga B. Mdluli
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Morongwa E. Ramoroka
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Sodiq T. Yussuf
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Kwena D. Modibane
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mineral Science, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
| | - Vivian S. John-Denk
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- Sensor Laboratories (SensorLab), University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (M.E.R.); (S.T.Y.); (V.S.J.-D.)
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Yang J, Ding WL, Li QS, Li ZS. Theoretical Study of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Using End-Capped Groups with Different Electron-Withdrawing Abilities toward Efficient Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:916-922. [PMID: 35049301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) are of paramount importance. On the basis of the well-known non-fullerene acceptor Y6, six acceptors (Y6-COH, Y6-COOH, Y6-CN, Y6-SO2H, Y6-CF3, and Y6-NO2) were designed by end-capped manipulation. The effects of end-capped engineering on electronic properties, optical properties, and interfacial charge-transfer states were systematically studied by density functional theory, time-dependent density functional theory, and molecular dynamics. The designed acceptors possess suitable energy levels and improved optical properties. More importantly, the electron mobility of the new acceptors was greatly enhanced, even more than 20 times that of the parent molecule. Among them, Y6-NO2 with the lowest-lying frontier molecular orbitals and the largest red-shifted absorption was selected to construct interfaces with the donor PM6. PM6/Y6-NO2 exhibits stronger interfacial interactions and enhanced charge-transfer characteristics compared with PM6/Y6. This work not only enhances the understanding of the structure-property relationship for acceptors but also offers a set of promising acceptors for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei-Lu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu Y, Zhou K, Zhou X, Xue W, Bi Z, Wu H, Ma Z, Ma W. Strengthening the Intermolecular Interaction of Prototypical Semicrystalline Conjugated Polymer Enables Improved Photocurrent Generation at the Heterojunction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100871. [PMID: 35075733 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular packing structure of conjugated polymers are crucial in determining their optoelectronic properties. The intra and intermolecular interactions (J- and H-type aggregation) in the conjugated polymer films were found to readily facilitate the electron and hole transport, respectively. However, how those different aggregation types influence the photocurrent generation process at the heterojunction is still mysterious, especially for the newly developed semicrystalline conjugated polymers. Here, the prototypical copolymer PM6 is used as a model semicrystalline polymer to tune the relative content of aggregation types with various halogen-free processing solvents. Various measurements reveal that the toluene-processed PM6 film exhibits the increased H-aggregates and crystallinity in the π-π stacking direction compared to its o-Xylene- and trimethylbenzene (TMB)-processed counterparts. This is partly resulted from the weak steric effect and good solubility in the PM6 solution prepared with toluene bearing small molar volume, which strengthens the intermolecular interaction of adjacent polymer segments. After analyzing the photovoltaic properties of the different PM6/Y6 bilayer devices, the faster charge carrier transport, smaller charge recombination, lower energy losses and interfacial energetic disorder can be observed in the toluene-processed device, leading to the synergistically improved short-circuit current density (JSC ) and open-circuit voltage (VOC ). Our findings indicate that the control of the molecular packing structure in terms of aggregation types is a powerful strategy to promote the photocurrent generation process at the conjugated polymer-based heterojunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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57
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Review on Y6-Based Semiconductor Materials and Their Future Development via Machine Learning. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors are promising to achieve high efficiency in organic solar cells (OSCs). Y6-based acceptors, one group of new n-type semiconductors, have triggered tremendous attention when they reported a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7% in 2019. After that, scientists are trying to improve the efficiency in different aspects including choosing new donors, tuning Y6 structures, and device engineering. In this review, we first summarize the properties of Y6 materials and the seven critical methods modifying the Y6 structure to improve the PCEs developed in the latest three years as well as the basic principles and parameters of OSCs. Finally, the authors would share perspectives on possibilities, necessities, challenges, and potential applications for designing multifunctional organic device with desired performances via machine learning.
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Liu B, Rocca D, Yan H, Pan D. Beyond Conformational Control: Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on Molecular Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers. JACS AU 2021; 1:2182-2187. [PMID: 34977889 PMCID: PMC8715487 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the electronic properties of polymers is of great importance in designing highly efficient organic solar cells. Noncovalent intramolecular interactions have been often used for conformational control to enhance the planarity of polymers or molecules, which may reduce band gaps and promote charge transfer. However, it is not known if noncovalent interactions may alter the electronic properties of conjugated polymers through some mechanism other than the conformational control. Here, we studied the effects of various noncovalent interactions, including sulfur-nitrogen, sulfur-oxygen, sulfur-fluorine, oxygen-nitrogen, oxygen-fluorine, and nitrogen-fluorine, on the electronic properties of polymers with planar geometry using unconstrained and constrained density functional theory. We found that the sulfur-nitrogen intramolecular interaction may reduce the band gaps of polymers and enhance the charge transfer more obviously than other noncovalent interactions. Our findings are also consistent with the experimental data. For the first time, our study shows that the sulfur-nitrogen noncovalent interaction may further affect the electronic structure of coplanar conjugated polymers, which cannot be only explained by the enhancement of molecular planarity. Our work suggests a new mechanism to manipulate the electronic properties of polymers to design high-performance small-molecule-polymer and all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dario Rocca
- Université
de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique
et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - He Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST
Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
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Su YJ, Nie H, Chang CF, Huang SC, Huang YH, Chen TW, Hsu KK, Lee TY, Shih HM, Ko CW, Chen JT, Hsu CS. Green-Solvent-Processable Organic Photovoltaics with High Performances Enabled by Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59043-59050. [PMID: 34865485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), BTP-EHBO-4F and BTP-PHD-4F, are designed to be applied in green-solvent-processable organic photovoltaics (OPVs). BTP-EHBO-4F and BTP-PHD-4F show good solubilities in green solvent o-xylene. As a result, PM6:BTP-EHBO-4F-based devices exhibit outstanding photovoltaic performances using o-xylene as a solvent. By comparison, due to the poor solubility of Y6 in o-xylene, PM6:Y6-based devices show poor performances. Owing to the favorable phase separation, molecule packing, and orientation observed from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements, PM6:BTP-PHD-4F-based devices demonstrate a PCE of 15.91% with a VOC of 0.87 V, a JSC of 25.64 mA/cm2, and an FF of 71.34%. Moreover, PM6:BTP-EHBO-4F-based devices exhibit an impressive PCE of 16.82% with a VOC of 0.85 V, a JSC of 26.12 mA/cm2, and an FF of 75.78%, which is outstanding for OPVs using o-xylene as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hebing Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Chang
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ci Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Kai Hsu
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Lee
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Min Shih
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wen Ko
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Abstract
The thin-film organic solar cells (OSCs) are currently one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies to effectively harvest the solar energy due to their attractive features of mechanical flexibility, light weight, low-cost manufacturing, and solution-processed large-scale fabrication, etc. However, the relative insufficient light absorption, short exciton diffusion distance, and low carrier mobility of the OSCs determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices are relatively lower than their inorganic photovoltaic counterparts. To conquer the challenges, the two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, which have excellent photoelectric properties, tunable energy band structure, and solvent compatibility etc., exhibit the great potential to enhance the performance of the OSCs. In this review, we summarize the most recent successful applications of the 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and g-C3N4, etc., adapted in the charge transporting layer, the active layer, and the electrode of the OSCs, respectively, for boosting the PCE and stability of the devices. The strengths and weaknesses of the 2D materials in the application of OSCs are also reviewed in details. Additionally, the challenges, commercialization potentials, and prospects for the further development of 2D materials-based OSCs are outlined in the end.
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Ma X, Tang C, Ma Y, Zhu X, Wang J, Gao J, Xu C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zheng Q, Zhang F. Over 17% Efficiency of Ternary Organic Photovoltaics Employing Two Acceptors with an Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Configuration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57684-57692. [PMID: 34841861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) were constructed with one wide-band-gap donor PM6 and two A-D-A-type acceptors (M-series M36 and MQ5) with similar chemical structures. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimal ternary OPVs reaches 17.24% with 20 wt % MQ5 content, arising from a simultaneously increased short circuit current density (JSC) of 25.36 mA cm-2 and a fill factor (FF) of 76.02% as compared to those of two binary OPVs. The photon harvesting of ternary active layers can be maximized by adjusting the MQ5 content by reason of the complementary absorption spectra of M36 and MQ5. The molecular arrangement of PM6 and M36 can be collectively optimized by introducing an appropriate amount of MQ5 as a morphology regulator for facilitating effective charge transportation in ternary active layers. The improved photon harvesting and charge transport in active layers should be two important factors responsible for JSC and FF improvement of optimal ternary OPVs, respectively. More than an 8.8% improvement of PCE is achieved in ternary OPVs with an appropriate amount of MQ5 as the photon-harvesting enhancer and morphology regulator. The huge potential of A-D-A-type materials in constructing highly efficient OPVs can be further exploited based on a ternary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Changquan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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Chang K, Li Y, Xia H, Chang J, Yu B, Du G, Yang P, Zhao X, Mi B, Huang W, Deng W. Organic Photovoltaics Printed via Sheet Electrospray Enabled by Quadrupole Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56375-56384. [PMID: 34791881 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing manufacturing methods that are scalable and compatible with a roll-to-roll process with low waste of material has become a pressing need to transfer organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to a viable renewable energy source. For this purpose, various spray printing methods have been proposed. Among them, electrospray (ES) is an attractive option due to its negligible material waste, tunable droplet size, and tolerance to the substrate defects and roughness. Conventional ES with a circular spray footprint often makes the droplets well separated and unlikely to merge, giving rise to "coffee rings" which cause a rough and flawed film morphology. Here, a quadrupole electrode is introduced to generate a compressing electric field that squeezes the conical ES profile into the shape of a thin sheet. The numerical simulation and experimental data of the trajectories of sprayed droplets show that the quadrupole apparatus can effectively increase the long axis to short axis ratio of the oval spray footprint and hence bring droplets closer to each other and make the merging more likely for the deposited droplets. By promoting the merging of droplets, individual coffee rings are also suppressed. Thus, the quadrupole ES offers untapped opportunities for effectively reducing voids and improving the flatness of the ES-printed active layer. The devices with a PM6:N3 active layer printed by the sheet ES exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 15.98%, which is a noticeable improvement over that (14.85%) of counterparts fabricated by a conventional conical ES. This is the highest PCE reported for ES-printed OPVs and is one of the most efficient spray-deposited OPVs so far. In addition, the all-spray-printed devices reached a PCE of 14.55%, which is also among the most efficient all-spray-printed OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chang
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaxing Li
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huihui Xia
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingyu Chang
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gengxin Du
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baoxiu Mi
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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64
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Holt ED, Wang J, Winkel RW, Younus M, Schanze KS. Photophysics and solar cell application of a benzodithiophene conjugated polymer containing cyclometalated platinum units. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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65
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Godin R, Durrant JR. Dynamics of photoconversion processes: the energetic cost of lifetime gain in photosynthetic and photovoltaic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13372-13409. [PMID: 34786578 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The continued development of solar energy conversion technologies relies on an improved understanding of their limitations. In this review, we focus on a comparison of the charge carrier dynamics underlying the function of photovoltaic devices with those of both natural and artificial photosynthetic systems. The solar energy conversion efficiency is determined by the product of the rate of generation of high energy species (charges for solar cells, chemical fuels for photosynthesis) and the energy contained in these species. It is known that the underlying kinetics of the photophysical and charge transfer processes affect the production yield of high energy species. Comparatively little attention has been paid to how these kinetics are linked to the energy contained in the high energy species or the energy lost in driving the forward reactions. Here we review the operational parameters of both photovoltaic and photosynthetic systems to highlight the energy cost of extending the lifetime of charge carriers to levels that enable function. We show a strong correlation between the energy lost within the device and the necessary lifetime gain, even when considering natural photosynthesis alongside artificial systems. From consideration of experimental data across all these systems, the emprical energetic cost of each 10-fold increase in lifetime is 87 meV. This energetic cost of lifetime gain is approx. 50% greater than the 59 meV predicted from a simple kinetic model. Broadly speaking, photovoltaic devices show smaller energy losses compared to photosynthetic devices due to the smaller lifetime gains needed. This is because of faster charge extraction processes in photovoltaic devices compared to the complex multi-electron, multi-proton redox reactions that produce fuels in photosynthetic devices. The result is that in photosynthetic systems, larger energetic costs are paid to overcome unfavorable kinetic competition between the excited state lifetime and the rate of interfacial reactions. We apply this framework to leading examples of photovoltaic and photosynthetic devices to identify kinetic sources of energy loss and identify possible strategies to reduce this energy loss. The kinetic and energetic analyses undertaken are applicable to both photovoltaic and photosynthetic systems allowing for a holistic comparison of both types of solar energy conversion approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada. .,Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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66
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Li D, Sun C, Yan T, Yuan J, Zou Y. Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Small-Molecule Acceptors toward High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1787-1797. [PMID: 34841053 PMCID: PMC8614097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Applying an asymmetric strategy to construct non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) plays a vital role in the development of organic photovoltaic materials. In the past several years, taking advantage of the larger dipole moment and stronger intermolecular interactions, asymmetric NFSMAs have witnessed tremendous progress in OSCs with a power conversion efficiency of over 18%. From a structural point of view, besides the possible changes in the conformation effect on molecular packing, asymmetric acceptors can also achieve a balance between the solubility and the crystallinity. Herein, we systematically investigate the structure-property-performance relationships of asymmetric NFSMAs that have recently emerged and try to clarify the feasibility and practicality of an asymmetric strategy for the design of higher-performance NFSMAs. Finally, we put forward our views and a concise outlook on the asymmetric strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tengfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yingping Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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67
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweda
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Hofstadler
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
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68
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Hu C, Zhang S, Wu M, Chen X, Xu J, Shen H, Wang H, Wu D, Xia J. Perylene Diimide Hexamer Based on Combination of Direct and Indirect Linkage Manners for Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3767-3773. [PMID: 34581014 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) is one of the most intensively studied building blocks for the construction of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). In this contribution, based on combination of the direct and indirect linkage manners of PDI units at the bay position, a propeller-shaped PDI hexamer T-DPDI was designed and synthesized. The singly bonded PDI dimer DPDI and the benzene ring cored PDI trimer TPDI were synthesized for comparison. The photovoltaic performances of these three PDI derivatives were investigated using the commercially available PTB7-Th as electron donor. A best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.58% was obtained for T-DPDI based organic solar cells (OSCs), which is higher than those of DPDI and TPDI based ones. The superior photovoltaic performance of T-DPDI can be ascribed to its stronger absorption and more favorable morphology. This study presents an interesting example of improving the photovoltaic performances of PDI based NFAs by hybridizing the direct and indirect linkage manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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69
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Kuklin SA, Zou Y, Agrawal A, Chen FC, Sharma GD. Binary and Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Wide Bandgap D-A Copolymer Donor and Two Nonfullerene Acceptors with Complementary Absorption Spectral. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4731-4740. [PMID: 34411457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new wide-bandgap conjugated D-A polymer denoted as P106 with a medium acceptor dithieno [2,3-e;3'2'-g]isoindole-7,9 (8H) (DTID) unit and strong 2-dodecylbenzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':6,5-b"]trithiophene (3TB) donor units shows an optical bandgap of 2.04 and highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of -5.56 eV. P106 is used as the donor and two nonfullerene acceptors-medium bandgap DBTBT-IC and narrow band Y18-DMO-are used as acceptors for the construction of binary and ternary bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The optimized polymer solar cells based on P106 : DBTBT-IC and P106 : Y18-DMO exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 11.76 % and 14.07 %, respectively. The short-circuit current density (22.78 mA cm-2 ) for the P106 : Y18-DMO device is higher than that for P106 : DBTBT-IC (18.56 mA cm-2 ) one, which could be attributed to the more photon harvesting efficiency of the P106 : Y18-DMO active layer. In light of the high short-circuit current densities and fill factors for the Y18-DMO based device and the high value of open circuit voltage of the DBTBT-IC based device, ternary polymer solar cells are fabricated by using ternary active layer (P106 : DBTBT-IC : Y18-DMO) and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 16.49 % with low energy loss of 0.47 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L Keshtov
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor O Konstantinov
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A Kuklin
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Anupam Agrawal
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj), 302031, India
| | - Fang C Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj), 302031, India
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70
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Kim M, Ryu SU, Park SA, Pu YJ, Park T. Designs and understanding of small molecule-based non-fullerene acceptors for realizing commercially viable organic photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14004-14023. [PMID: 34760184 PMCID: PMC8565376 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a promising next-generation technology with great potential for portable, wearable, and transparent photovoltaic applications. Over the past few decades, remarkable advances have been made in non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OPVs, with their power conversion efficiency exceeding 18%, which is close to the requirements for commercial realization. Novel molecular NFA designs have emerged and evolved in the progress of understanding the physical features of NFA-based OPVs in relation to their high performance, while there is room for further improvement. In this review, the molecular design of representative NFAs is described, and their blend characteristics are assessed via statistical comparisons. Meanwhile, the current understanding of photocurrent generation is reviewed along with the significant physical features observed in high-performance NFA-based OPVs, while the challenging issues and the strategic perspectives for the commercialization of OPV technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Seung Un Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
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71
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Cheng S, Wang L, Guo C, Li D, Cai J, Miao W, Du B, Wang P, Liu D, Wang T. Reduced miscibility between highly compatible non-fullerene acceptor and donor enables efficient ternary organic solar cells. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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73
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Zhang Y, Wang N, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang L. All-polymer indoor photovoltaic modules. iScience 2021; 24:103104. [PMID: 34611609 PMCID: PMC8476653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaic (IPV) with power output over 100 μW is promising to power the numerous sensor nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. All polymer photovoltaic has the advantages of excellent thermal stability and superior mechanical properties. In this work, we fabricate the first all-polymer indoor photovoltaic module with the active area of 10 cm2. The module uses polymer donor CD1 and new polymer acceptor PBN-21 with medium optical band gap of 1.9 eV as the active layer. It is processed with eco-friendly solvent tetrahydrofuran and the morphology can be improved by blade coating at 55°C. Under light emitting diode illumination at 1000 lux, the module exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 12.04% and a power output of 367.2 μW. The sufficient power output, high efficiency, excellent stability, and eco-friendly processing indicate that all-polymer indoor photovoltaic is a promising approach to achieve the self-powered of sensor nodes in the IoT ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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74
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Wang X, Liu P, Yap B, Xia R, Wong WY, He Z. High-quality WS 2 film as a hole transport layer in high-efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16589-16597. [PMID: 34585178 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-exfoliated 2D transition metal disulfides (TMDs) are potential substitutes for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transport layers (HTLs) in Organic Solar Cells (OSCs). Herein, high-yield and high-quality WS2 flake layers are prepared by comprehensively controlling the initial concentration, sonication processing time and centrifugal speed. The WS2 layers deposited on in situ transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) without plasma treatment show higher uniformity and conductivity than that formed on ITO after plasma treatment. With a significant increase in the short-circuit current density (JSC), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PM6:Y6-based non-fullerene OSCs using optimized WS2 as the HTL is higher than that using PEDOT:PSS as the HTL(15.75% vs. 15.31%). Combining the morphology characteristics with carrier recombination characteristics, the higher quality of the ITO/WS2 composite substrate leads to better charge transport and a lower bimolecular recombination rate in OSCs, thereby improving the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, International School of Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, International School of Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Boonkar Yap
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, International School of Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
- Electronic and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
| | - Ruidong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, International School of Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhicai He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, International School of Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China.
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75
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Weliwatte NS, Grattieri M, Minteer SD. Rational design of artificial redox-mediating systems toward upgrading photobioelectrocatalysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1333-1356. [PMID: 34550560 PMCID: PMC8455808 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photobioelectrocatalysis has recently attracted particular research interest owing to the possibility to achieve sunlight-driven biosynthesis, biosensing, power generation, and other niche applications. However, physiological incompatibilities between biohybrid components lead to poor electrical contact at the biotic-biotic and biotic-abiotic interfaces. Establishing an electrochemical communication between these different interfaces, particularly the biocatalyst-electrode interface, is critical for the performance of the photobioelectrocatalytic system. While different artificial redox mediating approaches spanning across interdisciplinary research fields have been developed in order to electrically wire biohybrid components during bioelectrocatalysis, a systematic understanding on physicochemical modulation of artificial redox mediators is further required. Herein, we review and discuss the use of diffusible redox mediators and redox polymer-based approaches in artificial redox-mediating systems, with a focus on photobioelectrocatalysis. The future possibilities of artificial redox mediator system designs are also discussed within the purview of present needs and existing research breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Degli Studi Di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- IPCF-CNR Istituto Per I Processi Chimico Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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76
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Wang J, Peng R, Gao J, Li D, Xie L, Song W, Zhang X, Fu Y, Ge Z. Ti 3C 2T x/PEDOT:PSS Composite Interface Enables over 17% Efficiency Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45789-45797. [PMID: 34523906 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal carbide Ti3C2Tx as a new two-dimensional material with excellent metallic conductivity, good water solubility, and superior transmittance in the visible light range shows great potential for applications in optoelectronic devices. Herein, Ti3C2Tx/PEDOT:PSS composite films were fabricated by a simple solution process and employed as an anode interfacial layer in organic solar cells. By introducing the Ti3C2Tx/PEDOT:PSS composite interface into the devices, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.26% was achieved while using PM6:Y6 as the active layer, with a high short-circuit current (Jsc) of 26.52 mA/cm2 and a fill factor of up to 0.76. The PCE is much higher than 15.89% for the pure PEDOT:PSS interfacial layer-based device without doping. The dramatically improved performance was attributed to the increased conductivity of the Ti3C2Tx/PEDOT:PSS composite interface and the increased charge extraction and collection efficiency of the devices. This work presents an effective method to prepare the Ti3C2Tx/PEDOT:PSS composite interface and high-performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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77
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Ye S, Chen S, Li S, Pan Y, Xia X, Fu W, Zuo L, Lu X, Shi M, Chen H. Synergistic Effects of Chlorination and Branched Alkyl Side Chain on the Photovoltaic Properties of Simple Non-Fullerene Acceptors with Quinoxaline as the Core. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3599-3606. [PMID: 33973392 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, the fused-ring electron acceptors show the best photovoltaic performances, and the development of simple non-fullerene acceptors via intramolecular noncovalent interactions can reduce synthetic costs. In this work, four simple non-fullerene acceptors with an A-D-A'-D-A configuration (QCIC1, QCIC2, QCIC3, and QCIC4) were synthesized. They contained the same conjugated backbone (A': quinoxaline; D: cyclopentadithiophene; A: dicyano-indanone) but different halogen atoms and alkyl side chains. Due to the chlorination on the end-groups and the most and/or longest branched alkyl side chains on the backbone, the blended film composed of QCIC3 and donor poly{[2,6'-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo [1,2-b : 4,5-b']dithiophene]-alt-[5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c : 4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)]} (PBDB-T) exhibited the strongest π-π stacking and the most suitable phase-separation domains among the four blended films. Therefore, the QCIC3-based organic solar cells yielded the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.55 %. This work provides a pathway to optimize the molecular arrangements and enhance the photovoltaic property of simple electron acceptors through subtle chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shounuan Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weifei Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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78
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Kim DH, Jeon SJ, Han YW, Kim YH, Yang NG, Lee HS, Moon DK. Design and synthesis of the quinacridone-based donor polymers for application to organic solar cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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79
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Chen H, Zhao T, Li L, Tan P, Lai H, Zhu Y, Lai X, Han L, Zheng N, Guo L, He F. 17.6%-Efficient Quasiplanar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells from a Chlorinated 3D Network Acceptor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102778. [PMID: 34318541 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved great success because they overcome the shortcomings of short exciton diffusion distances. With the progress in material innovation and device technology, the efficiency of BHJ devices is continually being improved. For some special photovoltaic material systems, it is difficult to manipulate the miscibility and morphology of blend films, and this results in moderate, even poor device performance. Quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) OSCs have been proposed to exploit the excellent photovoltaic properties of these materials. An OSC with BTIC-BO-4Cl has a 3D interpenetrating network structure with multiple channels that can facilitate the exciton diffusion and charge transport, and BTIC-BO-4Cl is therefore a good candidate for Q-PHJ OSCs. In this work, a D18:BTIC-BO-4Cl-based Q-PHJ device is fabricated. The exciton diffusion lengths of D18 and BTIC-BO-4Cl are in accord with the requirements of the Q-PHJ device and the efficiency of Q-PHJ device is as high as 17.60%. This study indicates that the Q-PHJ architecture can replace the BHJ architecture to produce excellent OSCs for certain unique donors and acceptors, providing an alternative approach to photovoltaic material design and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tingxing Zhao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pu Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liang Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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80
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Chen X, Han Y, Fang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Xia D, Dong X, Xiao C, Wu Y, You S, Li W. Ti-Oxo Clusters with Peripheral Alkyl Groups as Cathode Interlayers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39671-39677. [PMID: 34396767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three independent Ti-oxo clusters (TOCs) that contain 6, 8, and 12 Ti atoms in the cores and alkyl groups on the surface were developed as cathode interlayers in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). These TOCs have precise chemical structures with a single crystal, excellent solubility in methanol, and well-aligned work function. Smooth films can be facilely obtained by spin-casting their solution on top of the active layer. Therefore, they can be used as an interlayer in OSCs to provide a high power conversion efficiency (17.29%). Further studies reveal that these TOCs can not only reduce the work function of the silver electrode to provide better energy level alignment but also exhibit a significant n-doping effect with the non-fullerene acceptors to facilitate efficient electron extraction and transport. Our results demonstrate that TOCs as semiconductors have great potential application in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yingzi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaona Dong
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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81
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Yang J, Jiang Y, Zhao Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, Chen J, Li J, Shi W, Wang S, Guo Y, Liu Y. A nonchlorinated solvent-processed polymer semiconductor for high-performance ambipolar transistors. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab145. [PMID: 35475218 PMCID: PMC9031015 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambipolar polymer semiconductors are potentially serviceable for logic circuits, light-emitting field-effect transistors (LFETs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs). Although several high-performance ambipolar polymers have been developed, their optoelectronic devices are generally processed from toxic chlorinated solvents. To achieve the commercial applications of organic FETs (OFETs), the polymers should be processed from nonchlorinated solvents, instead of chlorinated solvents. However, most conjugated polymers show poor solubility in nonchlorinated solvents. It is of great importance to develop ambipolar polymers that can be processed from nonchlorinated solvents. Here, we develop a nonchlorinated solvent processed polymer named poly[7-fluoro-N, N′-di(4-decyltetradecyl)-7′-azaisoindigo-6′,6″-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)-7‴-fluoro-N″, N‴-di(4-decyltetradecyl)-7″-azaisoindigo-6,6‴-([2,2″-bithiophene]-5,5″-diyl)] (PITTI-BT) by designing a monomer with a large molar mass. The polymer displays good solubility in p-xylene (PX). Well-aligned films of PITTI-BT are achieved by an off-center spin-coating (SC) method. Based on the high-quality films, the OFETs fabricated from PX solution achieve record ambipolar performance with hole and electron mobilities of 3.06 and 2.81 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The combination of nonchlorinated solvents and good alignment process offers an effective and eco-friendly approach to obtain high-performance ambipolar transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqian Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zheye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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82
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Guo J, Hu K, Qiu B, Zhang J, Yang D, Zhou L, Li S, Meng L, Zhang Z, Li Y. Fine-Tuning Miscibility and π-π Stacking by Alkylthio Side Chains of Donor Molecules Enables High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36033-36043. [PMID: 34288666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of morphology and precise control of miscibility between donors and acceptors play an important role in improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs). Besides device optimization, methods such as additives and thermal annealing are applied for finely tuning bulk-heterojunction morphology; strategies of molecular design are also the key to achieve efficient phase separation. Here, a series of A-D-A-type small-molecule donors (SM4, SM8, and SM12) based on benzodithiophene units were synthesized with different lengths of alkylthio side chains to regulate crystallinity, and their miscibility with the acceptor (BO-4Cl) was investigated. Consequently, SM4 with a short alkylthio substituent had a high crystallization propensity, leading to the oversized molecular domains and the poor morphology of the active layer. Meanwhile, SM12 with a longer alkylthio substituent showed weak crystallinity, causing a relatively looser π-π stacking and thus adversely affecting charge-carrier transport. The SM-OSC based on the small-molecule donor SM8 with a mid-length alkylthio substituent achieved a better PCE over 13%, which was attributed to a more harmonious blend miscibility without sacrificing carrier-charge transport. Eventually, the modulation of phase separation and miscibility via controlling the lateral side chains has proven its potential in optimizing the blend morphology to aid the development of highly efficient SM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dengchen Yang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liuyang Zhou
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaman Li
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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83
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Saxena S, Marlow P, Subbiah J, Colsmann A, Wong WWH, Jones DJ. Pyridine End-Capped Polymer to Stabilize Organic Nanoparticle Dispersions for Solar Cell Fabrication through Reversible Pyridinium Salt Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36044-36052. [PMID: 34296593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bulk-heterojunction nanoparticle dispersions in water or alcohol can be employed as eco-friendly inks for the fabrication of organic solar cells by printing or coating. However, one major drawback is the need for stabilizing surfactants, which facilitate nanoparticle formation but later hamper device performance. When surfactant-free dispersions are formulated, a strong limitation is imposed by the dispersion concentration due to the tendency of nanoparticles to aggregate. In this work, pyridine end-capped poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT-Py) is synthesized and included as an additive for the stabilization of P3HT:indene-C60 bis-adduct (ICBA) nanoparticle dispersions. In the presence of acetic acid (AcOH), a surface-active pyridinium acetate end-capped P3HT ion pair, P3HT-PyH+AcO-, is formed which effectively stabilizes the dispersion and hence allows the formation of dispersions with smaller nanoparticle sizes and higher concentrations of up to 30 mg/mL in methanol. The dispersions exhibit an enhanced shelf-lifetime of at least 60 days at room temperature. After the deposition of light-harvesting layers from the nanoparticle dispersions, the ion-pair formation is reversed at elevated temperatures leading to regeneration of P3HT-Py and AcOH. The AcOH evaporates from the active layer, while the performance of the corresponding solar cells is not affected by the residual P3HT-Py in the devices. Enhanced nanoparticle stability is achieved with only 0.017 wt % pyridine in the P3HT/ICBA formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Saxena
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philipp Marlow
- Material Research Center for Energy Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Material Research Center for Energy Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Jones
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
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84
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Ma X, Zeng A, Gao J, Hu Z, Xu C, Son JH, Jeong SY, Zhang C, Li M, Wang K, Yan H, Ma Z, Wang Y, Woo HY, Zhang F. Approaching 18% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics with wide bandgap polymer donor and well compatible Y6 : Y6-1O as acceptor. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa305. [PMID: 34691710 PMCID: PMC8363335 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with one wide bandgap polymer D18-Cl as donor, and well compatible Y6 and Y6-1O as acceptor. The open-circuit-voltage (VOC ) of ternary OPVs is monotonously increased along with the incorporation of Y6-1O, indicating that the alloy state should be formed between Y6 and Y6-1O due to their excellent compatibility. The energy loss can be minimized by incorporating Y6-1O, leading to the VOC improvement of ternary OPVs. By finely adjusting the Y6-1O content, a power conversion efficiency of 17.91% is achieved in the optimal ternary OPVs with 30 wt% Y6-1O in acceptors, resulting from synchronously improved short-circuit-current density (JSC ) of 25.87 mA cm-2, fill factor (FF) of 76.92% and VOC of 0.900 V in comparison with those of D18-Cl : Y6 binary OPVs. The JSC and FF improvement of ternary OPVs should be ascribed to comprehensively optimal photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport in ternary active layers. The more efficient charge separation and transport process in ternary active layers can be confirmed by the magneto-photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy experimental results, respectively. This work provides new insight into constructing highly efficient ternary OPVs with well compatible Y6 and its derivative as acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Anping Zeng
- Departmentof Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenghao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jae Hoon Son
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - He Yan
- Departmentof Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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85
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Qin Z, Gao H, Dong H, Hu W. Organic Light-Emitting Transistors Entering a New Development Stage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007149. [PMID: 34021637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) are possibly the smallest integrated optoelectronic devices that combine the switching and amplification mechanisms of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and the electroluminescent characteristic of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Such a unique architecture of OLETs makes them ideal for developing the next-generation display technology and electrically pumped lasers for miniaturized photonic devices and circuits. However, the development of OLETs has been slow. Recently, some exciting progress has been made with breakthroughs in high mobility emissive organic semiconductors, construction of high-performance OLETs, and fabrication of novel multifunctional OLETs. This recent slew of advances may represent the advent of a new development stage of OLETs and their related devices and circuits. In this paper, a detailed review of these fantastic advances is presented, with a special focus on the key points for developing high-performance OLETs. Finally, a brief conclusion is provided with a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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86
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Li S, Zhan L, Yao N, Xia X, Chen Z, Yang W, He C, Zuo L, Shi M, Zhu H, Lu X, Zhang F, Chen H. Unveiling structure-performance relationships from multi-scales in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4627. [PMID: 34330911 PMCID: PMC8324909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the correlations among molecular structures, morphological characteristics, macroscopic properties and device performances is crucial for developing better photovoltaic materials and achieving higher efficiencies. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive study is performed based on four state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), which allows to systematically examine the above-mentioned correlations from different scales. It's found that extending conjugation of NFA shows positive effects on charge separation promotion and non-radiative loss reduction, while asymmetric terminals can maximize benefits from both terminals. Another molecular optimization is from alkyl chain tuning. The shortened alkyl side chain results in strengthened terminal packing and decreased π-π distance, which contribute high carrier mobility and finally the high charge collection efficiency. With the most-acquired benefits from molecular structure and macroscopic factors, PM6:BTP-S9-based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) exhibit the optimal efficiency of 17.56% (certified: 17.4%) with a high fill factor of 78.44%, representing the best among asymmetric acceptor based OPVs. This work provides insight into the structure-performance relationships, and paves the way toward high-performance OPVs via molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Yao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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87
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Kuklin SA, Khokhlov AR, Ostapov IE, Xie Z, Komarov PV, Alekseev VG, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. High‐Performance Fullerene Free Polymer Solar Cells Based on New Thiazole ‐Functionalized Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene D‐A Copolymer Donors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed. L. Keshtov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor O. Konstantinov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A. Kuklin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei R. Khokhlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals Faculty of Physics M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ilya E. Ostapov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals Faculty of Physics M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun China
| | - Pavel V. Komarov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Tver State University Sadovyi per. 35 Tver 170002 Russia
| | | | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli Jaipur (Raj.) 302031 India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli Jaipur (Raj.) 302031 India
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88
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Mehboob MY, Hussain R, Irshad Z, Adnan M. Role of acceptor guests in tuning optoelectronic properties of benzothiadiazole core based non-fullerene acceptors for high-performance bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2021; 27:226. [PMID: 34259943 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, end-capped acceptors tailoring approach has attracted many researchers because of unceasing higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of resulted compounds. By keeping in view, the crucial role of NFAs in bulk-heterojunction OSCs, herein, we molecularly engineered five new non-fullerene acceptor materials (Y6A1-Y6A5) by modifying a recently synthesized Y6 molecule (R), having 18% power conversion efficiency when combined with D18 donor polymer. The structural-elemental connection, physical-chemical, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic characteristics of novel deigned and reference material (R) are studied with advanced quantum-chemical modulations. Density functional theory and time dependent-density functional theory has been employed through various basis sets to investigate the designed molecules theoretically. Interestingly, all of the newly modeled materials displayed lower excitation energies with lower HOMO-LUMO energy-gaps in-contrast with R molecule. Moreover, a red-shifted absorption and lower reorganizational energies of electron and hole are also a novel feature of these designed materials. The lower binding energy values of modeled materials offers better charge separation and high photo-current density (Jsc) as compared to R. Transition density analysis, open circuit voltage, and molecular electrostatic potential analysis suggested that end-capped acceptors alteration of R molecule is an efficient approach for tuning the optoelectronic properties of non-fullerene-based acceptor molecules (Y6A1-Y6A5). In last, composite study of donor: acceptor (D18:Y6A2) complex has also been carried-out to realize the charge transfer process at the donor-acceptor interface. After all investigations, we hope that our theoretical modeled materials are superior than Y6 molecule, therefore, we endorse these materials for the synthesis to prepare highly-efficient BHJ-OSCs devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Irshad
- Graduate School, Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Graduate School, Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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89
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Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has exceeded 18% with narrow bandgap, non-fullerene materials Y6 or its derivatives when used as an electron acceptor. The PCE improvement of OPVs is due to strong photon harvesting in near-infrared light range and low energy loss. Meanwhile, ternary strategy is commonly recognized as a convenient and efficient means to improve the PCE of OPVs. In this review article, typical donor and acceptor materials in prepared efficient OPVs are summarized. From the device engineering perspective, the typical research work on ternary strategy and tandem structure is introduced for understanding the device design and materials selection for preparing efficient OPVs.
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90
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Lv Q, An C, Zhang T, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhou P, He C, Hou J. Modulation of terminal alkyl chain length enables over 15% efficiency in small-molecule organic solar cells. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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91
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Qin S, Meng L, Li Y. Molecular Properties and Aggregation Behavior of Small-Molecule Acceptors Calculated by Molecular Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14467-14475. [PMID: 34124469 PMCID: PMC8190879 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) has increased rapidly to over 17% recently. The recent improvement in efficiency was mainly attributed to the development of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) such as ITIC, Y6, and their derivatives. However, we still have little knowledge on how the molecular structures of the SMAs influence their photovoltaic properties. For the purpose of gaining more insight into the relationship between the molecular properties and photovoltaic performance of the SMAs, here, we carried out theoretical calculations on the most representative SMAs, such as ITIC, Y6, and their derivatives through molecular simulations, and tried to reveal their unique characteristic and aggregation behavior related to the general performance in OSCs, potentially helping to further improve the efficiency of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Qin
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory
of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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92
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Abstract
AbstractChlorination has been used in the fields of organic solar cells (OSCs) for a long time, and impressive progress has been made over the years. Recently developed chlorinated OSCs have achieved an efficiency of over 18%. For better understanding and application of chlorination in the fields of OSCs, we will briefly introduce the general properties of chlorine and recent advances in its introduction and applications in OSCs in this cluster article. Finally, we also provide a short discussion of current questions regarding chlorination in OSCs and future developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology
| | - Hengtao Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology
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93
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Hong L, Yao H, Cui Y, Yu R, Lin YW, Chen TW, Xu Y, Qin J, Hsu CS, Ge Z, Hou J. Simultaneous Improvement of Efficiency and Stability of Organic Photovoltaic Cells by using a Cross-Linkable Fullerene Derivative. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101133. [PMID: 34013657 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stability are two main tasks for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. In the past few years, although the PCE of the OPV cells has been considerably improved, the research on device stability is limited. Herein, a cross-linkable material, cross-linked [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric styryl dendron ester (c-PCBSD), is applied as an interfacial modification layer on the surface of zinc oxide and as the third component into the PBDB-TF:Y6-based OPV cells to enhance photovoltaic performance and long-term stability. The PCE of the OPV cells that underwent the two-step modification increased from 15.1 to 16.1%. In particular, such OPV cells exhibited much better stability under both thermal and air conditions because of the decreased number of interfacial defects and stable interfacial and active layer morphologies. The results demonstrated that the introduction of a cross-linkable fullerene derivative into the interfacial and active layers is a feasible method to improve the PCE and stability of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Runnan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - You-Wei Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ziyi Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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94
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Qi Y, Chen H, Wang X, Wei Q, Li D, Li Y, Jiang L, Chen G, Zou Y. Modifying side chain of non-fullerene acceptors to obtain efficient organic solar cells with high fill factor. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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95
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Xia Z, Zhang J, Gao X, Song W, Ge J, Xie L, Zhang X, Liu Z, Ge Z. Fine-Tuning the Dipole Moment of Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enabling Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23983-23992. [PMID: 33998796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modifying molecular conjugation has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to enhance the photovoltaic performance of the non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (SMAs), which would regulate the molecular packing and nanoscale morphology in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, two novel SMAs PTIC-4Cl and PT2IC-4Cl are designed and synthesized by expanding the core unit of TB-4Cl in one or two directions. The effects of how to expand the conjugation length on the absorption property, energy levels, dipole moment, and solubility are studied via theoretical calculation and experiments. Compared to PT2IC-4Cl, PTIC-4Cl with a more asymmetric structure exhibits the larger dipole moment and enhanced intermolecular packing. The PTIC-4Cl-based OSCs exhibit a favorable morphology and balanced charge transport, thereby leading to the highest power conversion efficiencies. In addition, PTIC-4Cl-based devices show outstanding thermal and air stability. These results reveal that fine-tuning the dipole moment via rationally expanding the conjugation in asymmetric A-D1A'D2-A-type non-fullerene acceptors is critical to achieve high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xia
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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96
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Liu ZX, Yu ZP, Shen Z, He C, Lau TK, Chen Z, Zhu H, Lu X, Xie Z, Chen H, Li CZ. Molecular insights of exceptionally photostable electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3049. [PMID: 34031410 PMCID: PMC8144627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-degradation of organic semiconductors remains as an obstacle preventing their durable practice in optoelectronics. Herein, we disclose that volume-conserving photoisomerization of a unique series of acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) acts as a surrogate towards their subsequent photochemical reaction. Among A-D-A NFAs with fused, semi-fused and non-fused backbones, fully non-fused PTIC, representing one of rare existing samples, exhibits not only excellent photochemical tolerance in aerobic condition, but also efficient performance in solar cells. Along with a series of in-depth investigations, we identify that the structural confinement to inhibit photoisomerization of these unique A-D-A NFAs from molecular level to macroscopic condensed solid helps enhancing the photochemical stabilities of molecules, as well as the corresponding OSCs. Although other reasons associating with the photostabilities of molecules and devices should not excluded, we believe this work provides helpful structure-property information toward new design of stable and efficient photovoltaic molecules and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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97
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Xia D, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Wang J, Xia J, Chen G, Li S, Tang Z, You S, Li W. Fullerene as an additive for increasing the efficiency of organic solar cells to more than 17. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:70-77. [PMID: 34058553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we introduced a fullerene acceptor (PC71BM) into the binary photo-active layer based on a polymer donor (PM6) and a non-fullerene small molecular acceptor (BTP-BO-4Cl), and as a consequence, the ternary organic solar cells realized a high-power conversion efficiency of 17.39% compared to 16.65% in binary solar cells. The performance enhancement was found to be due to the optimized morphology and hence balanced hole and electron mobilities, which is responsible for the suppressed charge recombination and hence high photocurrent in solar cells. In addition, PC71BM shows the complementary absorption with PM6 and BTP-BO-4Cl, which can broaden the absorption range of the photo-active layer and hence more photons from the sunlight can be utilized. Besides, PC71BM shows the cascade energy level alignment between PM6 and BTP-BO-4Cl, which is helpful for charge transfer from donor to acceptor. All these merits explain the high performance in ternary solar cells, and also demonstrate that ternary photovoltaics adopting non-fullerene acceptor with the fullerene acceptor as small amount of additive is an efficient strategy to gain high performing organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xia
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Jun Xia
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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98
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Bi P, Ren J, Zhang S, Zhang T, Xu Y, Cui Y, Qin J, Hou J. Suppressing Energetic Disorder Enables Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaic Cells With a PTV Derivative. Front Chem 2021; 9:684241. [PMID: 34055749 PMCID: PMC8149913 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.684241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs) cells have attracted considerable attention in the past few years. Herein, two PTV-derivatives, PTVT-V and PTVT-T, were used as donor materials to fabricate IOPV cells with ITCC as the acceptor. The preferred orientation of the crystals changed from edge-on to face-on after replacing the ethylene in the backbones of PTVT-V by the thiophene in that of PTVT-T. Besides, it was found that, the energetic disorder of the PTVT-T:ITCC based system is 58 meV, which is much lower than that of PTVT-V:ITCC-based system (70 meV). The lower energetic disorder in PTVT-T:ITCC leads to an efficient charge transfer, charge transport, and thus the weak charge recombination. As a result, a PCE of 9.60% under AM 1.5 G and a PCE of 24.27% under 1,000 lux (LED 2,700 K) with a low non-radiative energy loss of 0.210 eV were obtained based on PTVT-T:ITCC blend. The results indicate that to improve the PTV-derivatives photovoltaic properties by suppressing the energetic disorder is a promising way to realize low-cost IOPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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99
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Xie L, Zhang J, Song W, Hong L, Ge J, Wen P, Tang B, Wu T, Zhang X, Li Y, Ge Z. Understanding the Effect of Sequential Deposition Processing for High-Efficient Organic Photovoltaics to Harvest Sunlight and Artificial Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20405-20416. [PMID: 33878270 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the market of the Internet of Things (IoT) increases, great attention has been paid to the development of high-efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs) utilizing artificial light. However, in a real indoor condition, the power density contribution of the artificial light cannot exceed 35% in the combination of indoor and outdoor irradiation, which indicates that the illumination of sunlight cannot be ignored during daytime. Hence, it is urgent to develop high-efficient OPVs in indoor conditions taking into account both sunlight and artificial light. In this work, a novel asymmetric molecule TB-4F was synthesized to trade-off the absorption spectrum that can be applied under both artificial light and sunlight. In conventional bulk-heterojunction (C-BHJ), it was figured out that due to nonoptimal morphology some carriers failed to be efficiently collected. Herein, a sequential deposition bulk-heterojunction (SD-BHJ) as an alternative fabrication method successfully enhanced the performance of OPVs, under both artificial light and sunlight, which was attributed to the favorable microstructure being vertically distributed in the active layer. Notably, the PCE was significantly increased by 25% for SD-BHJ compared to C-BHJ under artificial light, owing to the strong effect of trap-assisted recombination and dark current on PCE in the condition of low carrier density. Our result indicates that an asymmetric molecule with a blue-shifted spectrum fabricated by SD-BHJ can be a promising candidate that can be applied in indoor environments to harvest sunlight and artificial light simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jingshen Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ling Hong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Pan Wen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo 315012, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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100
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Ostapov ILE, Khokhlov AR, Alekseev VG, Xie Z, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. New Dithiazole Side Chain Benzodithiophene Containing D–A Copolymers for Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Solar Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed L. Keshtov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Ionv O. Konstantinov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - ILya E. Ostapov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | | | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli Jaipur Rajasthan 302031 India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli Jaipur Rajasthan 302031 India
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