51
|
Nishimura A, Shimoda K, Tanaka T, Toyama T, Nishiyama K, Shinkai Y, Numaga-Tomita T, Yamazaki D, Kanda Y, Akaike T, Kumagai Y, Nishida M. Depolysulfidation of Drp1 induced by low-dose methylmercury exposure increases cardiac vulnerability to hemodynamic overload. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/587/eaaw1920. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kakeru Shimoda
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), NINS, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Daiju Yamazaki
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), NINS, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Dietz JV, Bohovych I, Viana MP, Khalimonchuk O. Proteolytic regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:289-304. [PMID: 31029640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal changes in the abundance, shape, and cellular localization of the mitochondrial network, also known as mitochondrial dynamics, are now widely recognized to play a key role in mitochondrial and cellular physiology as well as disease states. This process involves coordinated remodeling of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes by conserved dynamin-like guanosine triphosphatases and their partner molecules in response to various physiological and stress stimuli. Although the core machineries that mediate fusion and partitioning of the mitochondrial network have been extensively characterized, many aspects of their function and regulation are incompletely understood and only beginning to emerge. In the present review we briefly summarize current knowledge about how the key mitochondrial dynamics-mediating factors are regulated via selective proteolysis by mitochondrial and cellular proteolytic machineries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Iryna Bohovych
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Martonio Ponte Viana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America; Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Adaniya SM, O-Uchi J, Cypress MW, Kusakari Y, Jhun BS. Posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C583-C604. [PMID: 30758993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00523.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fragmentation frequently occurs in chronic pathological conditions as seen in various human diseases. In fact, abnormal mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of heart failure (HF) in both human patients and HF animal models. A link between mitochondrial fragmentation and cardiac pathologies has been widely proposed, but the physiological relevance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in the heart is still unclear. Recent studies have increasingly shown that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of fission and fusion proteins are capable of directly modulating the stability, localization, and/or activity of these proteins. These PTMs include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, conjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins, O-linked-N-acetyl-glucosamine glycosylation, and proteolysis. Thus, understanding the PTMs of fission and fusion proteins may allow us to understand the complexities that determine the balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion as well as mitochondrial function in various cell types and organs including cardiomyocytes and the heart. In this review, we summarize present knowledge regarding the function and regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion in cardiomyocytes, specifically focusing on the PTMs of each mitochondrial fission/fusion protein. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal mitochondrial morphology in HF and their contributions to the development of cardiac diseases, highlighting the crucial roles of PTMs of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins. Finally, we discuss the future potential of manipulating PTMs of fission and fusion proteins as a therapeutic strategy for preventing and/or treating HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Adaniya
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jin O-Uchi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael W Cypress
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yoichiro Kusakari
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Bong Sook Jhun
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Cox OF, Huber PW. Developing Practical Therapeutic Strategies that Target Protein SUMOylation. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:960-969. [PMID: 30362419 PMCID: PMC6700758 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181026151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has emerged as a global mechanism for the control and integration of a wide variety of biological processes through the regulation of protein activity, stability and intracellular localization. As SUMOylation is examined in greater detail, it has become clear that the process is at the root of several pathologies including heart, endocrine, and inflammatory disease, and various types of cancer. Moreover, it is certain that perturbation of this process, either globally or of a specific protein, accounts for many instances of congenital birth defects. In order to be successful, practical strategies to ameliorate conditions due to disruptions in this post-translational modification will need to consider the multiple components of the SUMOylation machinery and the extraordinary number of proteins that undergo this modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia F. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, U.S.A
| | - Paul W. Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Jhun BS, O-Uchi J, Adaniya SM, Cypress MW, Yoon Y. Adrenergic Regulation of Drp1-Driven Mitochondrial Fission in Cardiac Physio-Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120195. [PMID: 30567380 PMCID: PMC6316402 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial morphology, especially fragmented mitochondria, and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of a variety of human diseases including heart failure (HF). Although emerging evidence suggests a link between mitochondrial fragmentation and cardiac dysfunction, it is still not well described which cardiac signaling pathway regulates mitochondrial morphology and function under pathophysiological conditions such as HF. Mitochondria change their shape and location via the activity of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins. This mechanism is suggested as an important modulator for mitochondrial and cellular functions including bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, spatiotemporal dynamics of Ca2+ signaling, cell growth, and death in the mammalian cell- and tissue-specific manners. Recent reports show that a mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-like/related protein 1 (DLP1/Drp1), is post-translationally modified via cell signaling pathways, which control its subcellular localization, stability, and activity in cardiomyocytes/heart. In this review, we summarize the possible molecular mechanisms for causing post-translational modifications (PTMs) of DLP1/Drp1 in cardiomyocytes, and further discuss how these PTMs of DLP1/Drp1 mediate abnormal mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction under adrenergic signaling activation that contributes to the development and progression of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Sook Jhun
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jin O-Uchi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Adaniya
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Michael W Cypress
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Yisang Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Nishimura A, Shimauchi T, Tanaka T, Shimoda K, Toyama T, Kitajima N, Ishikawa T, Shindo N, Numaga-Tomita T, Yasuda S, Sato Y, Kuwahara K, Kumagai Y, Akaike T, Ide T, Ojida A, Mori Y, Nishida M. Hypoxia-induced interaction of filamin with Drp1 causes mitochondrial hyperfission-associated myocardial senescence. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/556/eaat5185. [PMID: 30425165 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Defective mitochondrial dynamics through aberrant interactions between mitochondria and actin cytoskeleton is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of cardiac fragility after myocardial infarction (MI). Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission-accelerating factor, is activated locally at the fission site through interactions with actin. Here, we report that the actin-binding protein filamin A acted as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Drp1 and mediated mitochondrial fission-associated myocardial senescence in mice after MI. In peri-infarct regions characterized by mitochondrial hyperfission and associated with myocardial senescence, filamin A colocalized with Drp1 around mitochondria. Hypoxic stress induced the interaction of filamin A with the GTPase domain of Drp1 and increased Drp1 activity in an actin-binding-dependent manner in rat cardiomyocytes. Expression of the A1545T filamin mutant, which potentiates actin aggregation, promoted mitochondrial hyperfission under normoxia. Furthermore, pharmacological perturbation of the Drp1-filamin A interaction by cilnidipine suppressed mitochondrial hyperfission-associated myocardial senescence and heart failure after MI. Together, these data demonstrate that Drp1 association with filamin and the actin cytoskeleton contributes to cardiac fragility after MI and suggests a potential repurposing of cilnidipine, as well as provides a starting point for innovative Drp1 inhibitor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Nishimura
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kakeru Shimoda
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kitajima
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,EA Pharma Co. Inc., Tokyo 104-0042, Japan
| | - Naoya Shindo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | | | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan. .,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Lu B, Kennedy B, Clinton RW, Wang EJ, McHugh D, Stepanyants N, Macdonald PJ, Mears JA, Qi X, Ramachandran R. Steric interference from intrinsically disordered regions controls dynamin-related protein 1 self-assembly during mitochondrial fission. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10879. [PMID: 30022112 PMCID: PMC6051998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembling, mechanoenzymatic dynamin superfamily GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), catalyzes mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Distinct intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in Drp1 substitute for the canonical pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and proline-rich domain (PRD) of prototypical dynamin, which cooperatively regulate endocytic vesicle scission. Whether the Drp1 IDRs function analogously to the corresponding dynamin domains however remains unknown. We show that an IDR unique to the Drp1 GTPase (G) domain, the 'extended 80-loop', albeit dissimilar in location, structure, and mechanism, functions akin to the dynamin PRD by enabling stable Drp1 mitochondrial recruitment and by suppressing Drp1 cooperative GTPase activity in the absence of specific partner-protein interactions. Correspondingly, we find that another IDR, the Drp1 variable domain (VD), in conjunction with the conserved stalk L1N loop, functions akin to the dynamin PH domain; first, in an 'auto-inhibitory' capacity that restricts Drp1 activity through a long-range steric inhibition of helical inter-rung G-domain dimerization, and second, as a 'fulcrum' for Drp1 self-assembly in the proper helical register. We show that the Drp1 VD is necessary and sufficient for specific Drp1-phospholipid interactions. We further demonstrate that the membrane-dependent VD conformational rearrangement essential for the alleviation of Drp1 auto-inhibition is contingent upon the basal GTP hydrolysis-dependent generation of Drp1 dimers from oligomers in solution. IDRs thus conformationally couple the enzymatic and membrane activities of Drp1 toward membrane fission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bridget Kennedy
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ryan W Clinton
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Emily Jue Wang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Daniel McHugh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Natalia Stepanyants
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Patrick J Macdonald
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason A Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
An overview of the possible therapeutic role of SUMOylation in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:420-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
59
|
Li Y, Liu X. Novel insights into the role of mitochondrial fusion and fission in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion. J Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29528108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the main source of energy in the body, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which are constantly going through fusion and fission. The fine balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission plays an important role in maintaining the stability of cardiomyocyte homeostasis. The processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission are very complex, which is mediated by fusion and fission proteins. Disruptions in these processes through controlling fusion and fission proteins affect mitochondrial functions and cardiomyocyte survival. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can regulate the expression and post-translational modifications of fusion and fission proteins thereby inducing the abnormality of mitochondrial fusion and fission and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, intervention with the expression and function of fusion and fission proteins influences on cardiomyocyte apoptosis under I/R conditions. In this review, we focus on the current developments in the effects of mitochondrial fusion and fission on cardiomyocyte functions, the implications for cardiomyocyte apoptosis in response to I/R, and possible mechanisms. And we review their roles as a potential therapeutic target for treating I/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuZhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XiuHua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kar UP, Dey H, Rahaman A. Regulation of dynamin family proteins by post-translational modifications. J Biosci 2018; 42:333-344. [PMID: 28569256 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-017-9680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin superfamily proteins comprising classical dynamins and related proteins are membrane remodelling agents involved in several biological processes such as endocytosis, maintenance of organelle morphology and viral resistance. These large GTPases couple GTP hydrolysis with membrane alterations such as fission, fusion or tubulation by undergoing repeated cycles of self-assembly/disassembly. The functions of these proteins are regulated by various post-translational modifications that affect their GTPase activity, multimerization or membrane association. Recently, several reports have demonstrated variety of such modifications providing a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dynamin proteins influence cellular responses to physiological and environmental cues. In this review, we discuss major post-translational modifications along with their roles in the mechanism of dynamin functions and implications in various cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usha P Kar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research- Bhubaneswar, HBNI, 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Pagliuso A, Cossart P, Stavru F. The ever-growing complexity of the mitochondrial fission machinery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:355-374. [PMID: 28779209 PMCID: PMC5765209 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network constantly changes and remodels its shape to face the cellular energy demand. In human cells, mitochondrial fusion is regulated by the large, evolutionarily conserved GTPases Mfn1 and Mfn2, which are embedded in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and by OPA1, embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In contrast, the soluble dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 is recruited from the cytosol to mitochondria and is key to mitochondrial fission. A number of new players have been recently involved in Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, ranging from large cellular structures such as the ER and the cytoskeleton to the surprising involvement of the endocytic dynamin 2 in the terminal abscission step. Here we review the recent findings that have expanded the mechanistic model for the mitochondrial fission process in human cells and highlight open questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pagliuso
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- U604 Inserm, Paris, France
- USC2020 INRA, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- U604 Inserm, Paris, France
- USC2020 INRA, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizia Stavru
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- U604 Inserm, Paris, France.
- USC2020 INRA, Paris, France.
- SNC5101 CNRS, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Kozjak-Pavlovic V, Chowdhury SR, Rudel T. Fragment and Conquer. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:255-257. [PMID: 28910630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The replication vacuole of Legionella pneumophila makes contact with host mitochondria. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Escoll et al. (2017) dissect the mechanisms of this interaction, the effect of the T4SS effector MitF on mitochondrial function, and the resultant metabolic reprogramming of infected cells to benefit the bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kozjak-Pavlovic
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Suvagata Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Sabouny R, Fraunberger E, Geoffrion M, Ng ACH, Baird SD, Screaton RA, Milne R, McBride HM, Shutt TE. The Keap1-Nrf2 Stress Response Pathway Promotes Mitochondrial Hyperfusion Through Degradation of the Mitochondrial Fission Protein Drp1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1447-1459. [PMID: 28494652 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial function is coupled to metabolic and survival pathways through both direct signaling cascades and dynamic changes in mitochondrial morphology. For example, a hyperfused mitochondrial reticulum is activated upon cellular stress and is protective against cell death. As part of a genome-wide small inhibitory ribonucleic acid screen, we identified the central redox regulator, Keap1, as a novel regulator of mitochondrial morphology. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanism through which redox signaling and Keap1 mediate changes in mitochondrial morphology. RESULTS We found that the Nrf2 transcription factor is required for mitochondrial hyperfusion induced by knockdown of Keap1. Nrf2, which is negatively regulated by Keap1, mediates the cell's response to stress by controlling the expression of several hundred genes, including proteasome expression. We next showed that increased proteasome activity, a result of increased Nrf2 activity, is responsible for the degradation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, which occurs in an ubiquitin-independent manner. INNOVATION Our study described a novel pathway by which Nrf2 activation, known to occur in response to increased oxidative stress, decreases mitochondrial fission and contributes to a hyperfused mitochondrial network. CONCLUSION This study has identified the Keap1-Nrf2 nexus and modulation of proteasomal activity as novel avenues to inhibit mitochondrial fission. These findings are important, because inhibiting mitochondrial fission is a promising therapeutic approach to restore the balance between fission and fusion, which is attractive for an increasing number of disorders linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1447-1459.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Sabouny
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Erik Fraunberger
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Michèle Geoffrion
- 3 Department of Atherosclerosis, Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andy Cheuk-Him Ng
- 4 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stephen D Baird
- 5 Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert A Screaton
- 6 Department of Biochemistry, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, Canada
| | - Ross Milne
- 7 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- 8 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute , Montreal, Canada
| | - Timothy E Shutt
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada .,9 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Malty RH, Aoki H, Kumar A, Phanse S, Amin S, Zhang Q, Minic Z, Goebels F, Musso G, Wu Z, Abou-Tok H, Meyer M, Deineko V, Kassir S, Sidhu V, Jessulat M, Scott NE, Xiong X, Vlasblom J, Prasad B, Foster LJ, Alberio T, Garavaglia B, Yu H, Bader GD, Nakamura K, Parkinson J, Babu M. A Map of Human Mitochondrial Protein Interactions Linked to Neurodegeneration Reveals New Mechanisms of Redox Homeostasis and NF-κB Signaling. Cell Syst 2017; 5:564-577.e12. [PMID: 29128334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein (MP) dysfunction has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs); however, the discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying NDs has been impeded by the limited characterization of interactions governing MP function. Here, using mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of 210 affinity-purified mitochondrial (mt) fractions isolated from 27 epitope-tagged human ND-linked MPs in HEK293 cells, we report a high-confidence MP network including 1,964 interactions among 772 proteins (>90% previously unreported). Nearly three-fourths of these interactions were confirmed in mouse brain and multiple human differentiated neuronal cell lines by primary antibody immunoprecipitation and MS, with many linked to NDs and autism. We show that the SOD1-PRDX5 interaction, critical for mt redox homeostasis, can be perturbed by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked SOD1 allelic variants and establish a functional role for ND-linked factors coupled with IκBɛ in NF-κB activation. Our results identify mechanisms for ND-linked MPs and expand the human mt interaction landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy H Malty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shahreen Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Zoran Minic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Florian Goebels
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Musso
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhuoran Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Hosam Abou-Tok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Michael Meyer
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Viktor Deineko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Sandy Kassir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Vishaldeep Sidhu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Matthew Jessulat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xuejian Xiong
- Hospital for Sick Children, 21-9830 PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James Vlasblom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Bhanu Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region, Regina, SK S4P 0W5, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, Busto Arsizio I-21052, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Foundation C. Besta Neurological Institute, via L. Temolo, 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John Parkinson
- Hospital for Sick Children, 21-9830 PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Maneechote C, Palee S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Roles of mitochondrial dynamics modulators in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2643-2653. [PMID: 28941171 PMCID: PMC5661112 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic strategy for the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is to return blood flow into the occluded coronary artery of the heart, a process defined as reperfusion. However, reperfusion itself can increase mortality rates in AMI patients because of cardiac tissue damage and dysfunction, which is termed ‘ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury’. Mitochondria play an important role in myocardial I/R injury as disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics, especially excessive mitochondrial fission, is a predominant cause of cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, pharmacological intervention and therapeutic strategies which modulate the mitochondrial dynamics balance during I/R injury could exert great beneficial effects to the I/R heart. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the effects of mitochondrial fission inhibitors as well as mitochondrial fusion promoters on cardiac and mitochondrial function during myocardial I/R injury. The comparison of the effects of both compounds given at different time‐points during the course of I/R injury (i.e. prior to ischaemia, during ischaemia and at the reperfusion period) are also summarized and discussed. Finally, this review also details important information which may contribute to clinical practices using these drugs to improve the quality of life in AMI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
Protein modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can affect protein function, enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, protein stability, protein targeting and cellular localization. SUMO influences the function and regulation of metabolic enzymes within pathways, and in some cases targets entire metabolic pathways by affecting the activity of transcription factors or by facilitating the translocation of entire metabolic pathways to subcellular compartments. SUMO modification is also a key component of nutrient- and metabolic-sensing mechanisms that regulate cellular metabolism. In addition to its established roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, there is increasing evidence that SUMO is a key factor in facilitating cellular stress responses through the regulation and/or adaptation of the most fundamental metabolic processes, including energy and nucleotide metabolism. This review focuses on the role of SUMO in cellular metabolism and metabolic disease.
Collapse
|
67
|
Kraus F, Ryan MT. The constriction and scission machineries involved in mitochondrial fission. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2953-2960. [PMID: 28842472 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A key event in the evolution of eukaryotic cells was the engulfment of an aerobic bacterium by a larger anaerobic archaebacterium, leading to a close relationship between the host and the newly formed endosymbiont. Mitochondria, originating from this event, have evolved to be the main place of cellular ATP production. Maintaining elements of their independence, mitochondria undergo growth and division in the cell, thereby ensuring that new daughter cells inherit a mitochondrial complement. Mitochondrial division is also important for other processes, including quality control, mitochondrial (mt)DNA inheritance, transport and cell death. However, unlike bacterial fission, which uses a dynamin-related protein to constrict the membrane at its inner face, mitochondria use dynamin and dynamin-related proteins to constrict the outer membrane from the cytosolic face. In this Review, we summarize the role of proteins from the dynamin superfamily in mitochondrial division. This includes recent findings highlighting that dynamin-2 (Dnm2) is involved in mitochondrial scission, which led to the reappraisal of the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1; also known as Dnm1l) and its outer membrane adaptors as components of the mitochondrial constriction machinery along with ER components and actin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kraus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Ramachandran R. Mitochondrial dynamics: The dynamin superfamily and execution by collusion. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 76:201-212. [PMID: 28754444 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Distinct dynamin superfamily GTPases catalyze the constant fission and fusion of the elaborate mitochondrial networks that navigate the eukaryotic cytoplasm. Long believed to be the singular handiwork of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a cytosolic family member that transiently localizes to the mitochondrial surface, the execution of mitochondrial fission is now arguably believed to entail membrane remodeling events that are initiated upstream of Drp1 by ER-associated cytoskeletal networks and completed downstream by the prototypical dynamin, dynamin 2 (Dyn2). Recent developments in the field have also placed a sharp focus on the membrane microenvironment around the division apparatus and the potential facilitatory role of specific lipids in mitochondrial fission. Here, I will review current progress, as well as highlight the most visible gaps in knowledge, in elucidating the varied functions of the dynamin superfamily in the coordinated events of mitochondrial fission and fusion. The essential roles of protein and lipid cofactors are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4970, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Sivakumar A, Subbiah R, Balakrishnan R, Rajendhran J. Cardiac mitochondrial dynamics: miR-mediated regulation during cardiac injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:26-34. [PMID: 28705612 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial integrity is indispensable for cardiac health. With the advent of modern imaging technologies, mitochondrial motility and dynamics within the cell are extensively studied. Terminally differentiated and well-structured cardiomyocytes depict little mitochondrial division and fusion, questioning the contribution of mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mitofusin 1/2 and Optic Atrophy 1 protein) and fission factors (Dynamin-like protein 1 and mitochondrial fission 1 protein) in cardiomyocyte homeostasis. Emerging evidences suggest that alterations in mitochondrial morphology from globular, elongated network to punctate fragmented disconnected structures are a pathological response to ensuing cardiac stress and cardiomyocyte cell death, bringing forth the following question, "what maintains this balance between fusion and fission?" The answer hinges upon the classical "junk" DNA: microRNAs, the endogenous non-coding RNAs. Because of their essential role in numerous signaling pathways, microRNAs are considered to play major roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Mitochondria are not exempted from microRNA-mediated regulation. This review defines the importance of mitochondrial structural integrity and the microRNA-mitochondrial dynamics tandem, an imminent dimension of the cardiac homeostasis network. Elucidating their coordinated interaction could spur RNA-based therapeutics for resuscitating functional mitochondrial population during cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Sivakumar
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbiah
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Rekha Balakrishnan
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Peters M, Wielsch B, Boltze J. The role of SUMOylation in cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
71
|
Dynamin-like proteins in Trypanosoma brucei: A division of labour between two paralogs? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177200. [PMID: 28481934 PMCID: PMC5421789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamins and dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) belong to a family of large GTPases involved in membrane remodelling events. These include both fusion and fission processes with different dynamin proteins often having a specialised function within the same organism. Trypanosoma brucei is thought to have only one multifunctional DLP (TbDLP). While this was initially reported to function in mitochondrial division only, an additional role in endocytosis and cytokinesis was later also proposed. Since there are two copies of TbDLP present in the trypanosome genome, we investigated potential functional differences between these two paralogs by re-expressing either protein in a TbDLP RNAi background. These paralogs, called TbDLP1 and TbDLP2, are almost identical bar a few amino acid substitutions. Our results, based on cell lines carrying tagged and RNAi-resistant versions of each protein, show that overexpression of TbDLP1 alone is able to rescue the observed endocytosis and growth defects in the mammalian bloodstream form (BSF) of the parasite. While TbDLP2 shows no rescue in our experiments in BSF, this might also be due to lower expression levels of the protein in this life stage. In contrast, both TbDLP proteins apparently play more complementary roles in the insect procyclic form (PCF) since neither TbDLP1 nor TbDLP2 alone can fully restore wildtype growth and morphology in TbDLP-depleted parasites.
Collapse
|
72
|
Singh S, Sharma S. Dynamin-related protein-1 as potential therapeutic target in various diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:383-392. [PMID: 28409390 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria can interchange morphology due to their dynamic nature. It can exist in either fragmented disconnected arrangement or elongated interconnected mitochondrial networks due to fission and fusion, respectively. The recent studies have revealed the remarkable and unexpected insights into the physiological impact and molecular regulation of mitochondrial morphology. The balance between fission and fusion governs the faith of the cell. The active targeting of DRP 1 to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is done by non-GTPase receptor proteins such as mitochondrial fission factor, mitochondrial fission protein 1 and mitochondrial elongation factor 1. The active targeting of DRP 1 to OMM leads to the fission of mitochondria. However, the imbalance of DRP 1-dependent mitochondrial fission and modulation of equilibrium of fission and fusion has been documented to be involved in several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we are focusing on the active participation of DRP 1 in various diseases and also the factors responsible for the activation of DRP 1 for its action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Singh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Ong SB, Kalkhoran SB, Hernández-Reséndiz S, Samangouei P, Ong SG, Hausenloy DJ. Mitochondrial-Shaping Proteins in Cardiac Health and Disease - the Long and the Short of It! Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 31:87-107. [PMID: 28190190 PMCID: PMC5346600 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial health is critically dependent on the ability of mitochondria to undergo changes in mitochondrial morphology, a process which is regulated by mitochondrial shaping proteins. Mitochondria undergo fission to generate fragmented discrete organelles, a process which is mediated by the mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1, hFIS1, Mff and MiD49/51), and is required for cell division, and to remove damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Mitochondria undergo fusion to form elongated interconnected networks, a process which is orchestrated by the mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1), and which enables the replenishment of damaged mitochondrial DNA. In the adult heart, mitochondria are relatively static, are constrained in their movement, and are characteristically arranged into 3 distinct subpopulations based on their locality and function (subsarcolemmal, myofibrillar, and perinuclear). Although the mitochondria are arranged differently, emerging data supports a role for the mitochondrial shaping proteins in cardiac health and disease. Interestingly, in the adult heart, it appears that the pleiotropic effects of the mitochondrial fusion proteins, Mfn2 (endoplasmic reticulum-tethering, mitophagy) and OPA1 (cristae remodeling, regulation of apoptosis, and energy production) may play more important roles than their pro-fusion effects. In this review article, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins in the adult heart, and highlight their roles as novel therapeutic targets for treating cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bing Ong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siavash Beikoghli Kalkhoran
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sauri Hernández-Reséndiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parisa Samangouei
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Derek John Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK. .,The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation of Drp1 facilitates interaction with Mff to promote cell death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43811. [PMID: 28262828 PMCID: PMC5338345 DOI: 10.1038/srep43811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is essential for physiological and pathophysiological mitochondrial fission. DeSUMOylation of Drp1 by the enzyme SENP3 promotes cell death during reperfusion after ischaemia by enhancing Drp1 partitioning to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), which causes cytochrome c release and apoptosis. However, how deSUMOylation recruits Drp1 to the MOM is unknown. Here we show that deSUMOylation selectively promotes Drp1 binding to the MOM resident adaptor protein mitochondrial fission factor (Mff). Consistent with this, preventing Drp1 SUMOylation by mutating the SUMO acceptor sites enhances binding to Mff. Conversely, increasing Drp1 SUMOylation by knocking down SENP3 reduces both Drp1 binding to Mff and stress-induced cytochrome c release. Directly tethering Drp1 to the MOM bypasses the need for Mff to evoke cytochrome c release, and occludes the effect of SENP3 overexpression. Thus, Drp1 deSUMOylation promotes cell death by enhancing Mff-mediated mitochondrial recruitment. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for how the SUMOylation status of Drp1 acts as a key switch in cell death/survival decisions following extreme cell stress.
Collapse
|
75
|
Flippo KH, Strack S. Mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal injury, development and plasticity. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:671-681. [PMID: 28154157 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.171017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill numerous cellular functions including ATP production, Ca2+ buffering, neurotransmitter synthesis and degradation, ROS production and sequestration, apoptosis and intermediate metabolism. Mitochondrial dynamics, a collective term for the processes of mitochondrial fission, fusion and transport, governs mitochondrial function and localization within the cell. Correct balance of mitochondrial dynamics is especially important in neurons as mutations in fission and fusion enzymes cause peripheral neuropathies and impaired development of the nervous system in humans. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is partly accomplished through post-translational modification of mitochondrial fission and fusion enzymes, in turn influencing mitochondrial bioenergetics and transport. The importance of post-translational regulation is highlighted by numerous neurodegenerative disorders associated with post-translational modification of the mitochondrial fission enzyme Drp1. Not surprisingly, mitochondrial dynamics also play an important physiological role in the development of the nervous system and synaptic plasticity. Here, we highlight recent findings underlying the mechanisms and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in relation to neurological disease, as well as the development and plasticity of the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Flippo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Balog J, Mehta SL, Vemuganti R. Mitochondrial fission and fusion in secondary brain damage after CNS insults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2022-2033. [PMID: 27677674 PMCID: PMC5363672 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16671528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamically active organelles, regulated through fission and fusion events to continuously redistribute them across axons, dendrites, and synapses of neurons to meet bioenergetics requirements and to control various functions, including cell proliferation, calcium buffering, neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, following acute or chronic injury to CNS, altered expression and function of proteins that mediate fission and fusion lead to mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. Particularly, if the fission is abnormally increased through pro-fission mediators such as Drp1, mitochondrial function will be impaired and mitochondria will become susceptible to insertion of proapototic proteins. This leads to the formation of mitochondrial transition pore, which eventually triggers apoptosis. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction is a major promoter of neuronal death and secondary brain damage after an insult. This review discusses the implications of mitochondrial dynamic imbalance in neuronal death after acute and chronic CNS insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Balog
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA .,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Rui Y, Zheng JQ. Amyloid β oligomers elicit mitochondrial transport defects and fragmentation in a time-dependent and pathway-specific manner. Mol Brain 2016; 9:79. [PMID: 27535553 PMCID: PMC4989350 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small oligomeric forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) are believed to be the culprit for declined brain functions in AD in part through their impairment of neuronal trafficking and synaptic functions. However, the precise cellular actions of Aβ oligomers and underlying mechanisms in neurons remain to be fully defined. Previous studies have identified mitochondria as a major target of Aβ toxicity contributing to early cognitive decline and memory loss in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we report that Aβ oligomers acutely elicit distinct effects on the transport and integrity of mitochondria. We found that acute exposure of hippocampal neurons to Aβ oligomers from either synthetic peptides or AD brain homogenates selectively impaired fast transport of mitochondria without affecting the movement of late endosomes and lysosomes. Extended exposure of hipoocampal neurons to Aβ oligomers was found to result in mitochondrial fragmentation. While both mitochondrial effects induced by Aβ oligomers can be abolished by the inhibition of GSK3β, they appear to be independent from each other. Aβ oligomers impaired mitochondrial transport through HDAC6 activation whereas the fragmentation involved the GTPase Drp-1. These results show that Aβ oligomers can acutely disrupt mitochondrial transport and integrity in a time-dependent and pathway-specific manner. These findings thus provide new insights into Aβ-induced mitochondrial defects that may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Rui
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - James Q Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Bioenergetic roles of mitochondrial fusion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1277-1283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
79
|
Gottlieb RA, Bernstein D. Mitochondrial remodeling: Rearranging, recycling, and reprogramming. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:88-101. [PMID: 27130902 PMCID: PMC4996709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic and responsive organelles that respond to environmental cues with fission and fusion. They undergo mitophagy and biogenesis, and are subject to extensive post-translational modifications. Calcium plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria play a central role in metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and generate ATP with effects on redox poise, oxidative stress, pH, and other metabolites including acetyl-CoA and NAD(+) which in turn have effects on chromatin remodeling. The complex interplay of mitochondria, cytosolic factors, and the nucleus ensure a well-coordinated response to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Liebelt F, Vertegaal ACO. Ubiquitin-dependent and independent roles of SUMO in proteostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C284-96. [PMID: 27335169 PMCID: PMC5129774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00091.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellular proteomes are continuously undergoing alterations as a result of new production of proteins, protein folding, and degradation of proteins. The proper equilibrium of these processes is known as proteostasis, implying that proteomes are in homeostasis. Stress conditions can affect proteostasis due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins as a result of overloading the degradation machinery. Proteostasis is affected in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple polyglutamine disorders including Huntington's disease. Owing to a lack of proteostasis, neuronal cells build up toxic protein aggregates in these diseases. Here, we review the role of the ubiquitin-like posttranslational modification SUMO in proteostasis. SUMO alone contributes to protein homeostasis by influencing protein signaling or solubility. However, the main contribution of SUMO to proteostasis is the ability to cooperate with, complement, and balance the ubiquitin-proteasome system at multiple levels. We discuss the identification of enzymes involved in the interplay between SUMO and ubiquitin, exploring the complexity of this crosstalk which regulates proteostasis. These enzymes include SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases and ubiquitin proteases counteracting these ligases. Additionally, we review the role of SUMO in brain-related diseases, where SUMO is primarily investigated because of its role during formation of aggregates, either independently or in cooperation with ubiquitin. Detailed understanding of the role of SUMO in these diseases could lead to novel treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Liebelt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Joshi AU, Kornfeld OS, Mochly-Rosen D. The entangled ER-mitochondrial axis as a potential therapeutic strategy in neurodegeneration: A tangled duo unchained. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:218-34. [PMID: 27212603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial function have both been shown to be critical events in neurodegenerative diseases. The ER mediates protein folding, maturation, sorting as well acts as calcium storage. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress response of the ER that is activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER lumen. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying ER stress-induced apoptosis are not completely understood, increasing evidence suggests that ER and mitochondria cooperate to signal cell death. Similarly, calcium-mediated mitochondrial function and dynamics not only contribute to ATP generation and calcium buffering but are also a linchpin in mediating cell fate. Mitochondria and ER form structural and functional networks (mitochondria-associated ER membranes [MAMs]) essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis and determining cell fate under various pathophysiological conditions. Regulated Ca(2+) transfer from the ER to the mitochondria is important in maintaining control of pro-survival/pro-death pathways. In this review, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies that target these essential organelles in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit U Joshi
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Opher S Kornfeld
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Montagna C, Rizza S, Maiani E, Piredda L, Filomeni G, Cecconi F. To eat, or NOt to eat: S-nitrosylation signaling in autophagy. FEBS J 2016; 283:3857-3869. [PMID: 27083138 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the main catabolic cellular process through which cells adapt their needs (e.g., growth and proliferation) to environmental availability of nutrients (e.g., amino acid and glucose) and growth factors. The rapid activation of the autophagy response essentially depends on protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which act as molecular switches triggering signaling cascades. Deregulation of autophagy contributes to pathological conditions, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Therefore, understanding how PTMs affect the occurrence of autophagy is of the highest importance for clinical applications. Besides phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, which represent the best known examples of PTMs, redox-based modifications are also emerging as contributing to the regulation of intracellular signaling. Of note, S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues is a redox PTM and is the principal mechanism of nitric oxide-based signaling. Results emerging in recent years suggest that NO has a role in modulating autophagy. However, the function of S-nitrosylation in autophagy regulation remains still unveiled. By this review, we describe the upstream events regulating autophagy activation focusing on recently published evidence implying a S-nitrosylation-dependent regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucia Piredda
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
DJ-1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating mitochondrial fission. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:56-66. [PMID: 27108530 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent data indicates that DJ-1 plays a role in the cellular response to stress. Here, we aimed to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating the actions of DJ-1 in the heart following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In response to I/R injury, DJ-1 KO mice displayed increased areas of infarction and worsened left ventricular function when compared to WT mice, confirming a protective role for DJ-1 in the heart. In an effort to evaluate the potential mechanism(s) responsible for the increased injury in DJ-1 KO mice, we focused on SUMOylation, a post-translational modification process that regulates various aspects of protein function. DJ-1 KO hearts after I/R injury were found to display enhanced accumulation of SUMO-1 modified proteins and reduced SUMO-2/3 modified proteins. Further analysis, revealed that the protein expression of the de-SUMOylation enzyme SENP1 was reduced, whereas the expression of SENP5 was enhanced in DJ-1 KO hearts after I/R injury. Finally, DJ-1 KO hearts were found to display enhanced SUMO-1 modification of dynamin-related protein 1, excessive mitochondrial fission, and dysfunctional mitochondria. Our data demonstrates that the activation of DJ-1 in response to myocardial I/R injury protects the heart by regulating the SUMOylation status of Drp1 and attenuating excessive mitochondrial fission.
Collapse
|
84
|
Liu S, Gao Y, Zhang C, Li H, Pan S, Wang X, Du S, Deng Z, Wang L, Song Z, Chen S. SAMM50 Affects Mitochondrial Morphology through the Association of Drp1 in Mammalian Cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1313-23. [PMID: 27059175 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion activities are important for cell survival and function. Drp1 is a GTPase protein responsible for mitochondrial division, and SAMM50 is responsible for protein sorting and assembly. We demonstrated that SAMM50 overexpression results in Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation in HeLa cells. However, the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by SAMM50 overexpression could be reversed through co-expression with MFN2. Furthermore, SAMM50 interacts with Drp1 both in vivo and in vitro. The mitochondria in SAMM50 knockdown HeLa cells displayed a swollen phenotype, and the levels of the SAM complex and OPA1, along with the mitochondrial Drp1 levels, significantly decreased. In addition, mitochondrial inheritance was impaired in SAMM50 silenced cells. These results suggest that SAMM50 affects the Drp1-dependent mitochondrial morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Gao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China.,Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China.,Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Shiming Du
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Guerra de Souza AC, Prediger RD, Cimarosti H. SUMO-regulated mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2016; 137:673-86. [PMID: 26932327 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cardinal motor signs such as rigidity, bradykinesia or rest tremor that arise from a significant death of dopaminergic neurons. Non-dopaminergic degeneration also occurs and it seems to induce the deficits in olfactory, emotional, and memory functions that precede the classical motor symptoms in PD. Despite the majority of PD cases being sporadic, several genes have previously been associated with the hereditary forms of the disease. The proteins encoded by some of these genes, including α-synuclein, DJ-1, and parkin, are modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), a post-translational modification that regulates a variety of cellular processes. Among the several pathogenic mechanisms proposed for PD is mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that SUMOylation can interfere with mitochondrial dynamics, which is essential for neuronal function, and may play a pivotal role in PD pathogenesis. Here, we present an overview of recent studies on mitochondrial disturbance in PD and the potential SUMO-modified proteins and pathways involved in this process. SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, interferes with mitochondrial dynamics, and may play a pivotal role in Parkinson's disease (PD). SUMOylation maintains α-synuclein (α-syn) in a soluble form and activates DJ-1, decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. SUMOylation may reduce the amount of parkin available for mitochondrial recruitment and decreases mitochondrial biogenesis through suppression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1 α (PGC-1α). Mitochondrial fission can be regulated by dynamin-related protein 1 SUMO-1- or SUMO-2/3-ylation. A fine balance for the SUMOylation/deSUMOylation of these proteins is required to ensure adequate mitochondrial function in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Jia ZQ, Li G, Zhang ZY, Li HT, Wang JQ, Fan ZK, Lv G. Time representation of mitochondrial morphology and function after acute spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:137-43. [PMID: 26981103 PMCID: PMC4774207 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.175061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial morphology and function play an important role in secondary damage after acute spinal cord injury. We recorded the time representation of mitochondrial morphology and function in rats with acute spinal cord injury. Results showed that mitochondria had an irregular shape, and increased in size. Mitochondrial cristae were disordered and mitochondrial membrane rupture was visible at 2-24 hours after injury. Fusion protein mitofusin 1 expression gradually increased, peaked at 8 hours after injury, and then decreased to its lowest level at 24 hours. Expression of dynamin-related protein 1, amitochondrial fission protein, showed the opposite kinetics. At 2-24 hours after acute spinal cord injury, malondialdehyde content, cytochrome c levels and caspase-3 expression were increased, but glutathione content, adenosine triphosphate content, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were gradually reduced. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphology altered during the acute stage of spinal cord injury. Fusion was important within the first 8 hours, but fission played a key role at 24 hours. Oxidative stress was inhibited, biological productivity was diminished, and mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability were reduced in the acute stage of injury. In summary, mitochondrial apoptosis is activated when the time of spinal cord injury is prolonged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao-Tian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ji-Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Multiple faces of dynamin-related protein 1 and its role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:814-828. [PMID: 26708942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a large role in neuronal function by constantly providing energy, particularly at synapses. Recent studies suggest that amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau interact with the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), causing excessive fragmentation of mitochondria and leading to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons. Recent research also revealed Aβ-induced and phosphorylated tau-induced changes in mitochondria, particularly affecting mitochondrial shape, size, distribution and axonal transport in AD neurons. These changes affect mitochondrial health and, in turn, could affect synaptic function and neuronal damage and ultimately leading to memory loss and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. This article highlights recent findings in the role of Drp1 in AD pathogenesis. This article also highlights Drp1 and its relationships to glycogen synthase kinase 3, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, p53, and microRNAs in AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ste. E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Bertholet AM, Delerue T, Millet AM, Moulis MF, David C, Daloyau M, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Davezac N, Mils V, Miquel MC, Rojo M, Belenguer P. Mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics in neurodegeneration and neuronal plasticity. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 90:3-19. [PMID: 26494254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually move, fuse and divide. The dynamic balance of fusion and fission of mitochondria determines their morphology and allows their immediate adaptation to energetic needs, keeps mitochondria in good health by restoring or removing damaged organelles or precipitates cells in apoptosis in cases of severe defects. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are essential in mammals and their disturbances are associated with several diseases. However, while mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics, and the proteins that control these processes, are ubiquitous, associated diseases are primarily neurological disorders. Accordingly, inactivation of the main actors of mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics is associated with defects in neuronal development, plasticity and functioning, both ex vivo and in vivo. Here, we present the central actors of mitochondrial fusion and fission and review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal physiology and pathophysiology. Particular emphasis is placed on the three main actors of these processes i.e. DRP1,MFN1-2, and OPA1 as well as on GDAP1, a protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane preferentially expressed in neurons. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondria & Brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Bertholet
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - T Delerue
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A M Millet
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M F Moulis
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - C David
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Daloyau
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - L Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - N Davezac
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - V Mils
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M C Miquel
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Rojo
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France.
| | - P Belenguer
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Liu R, Chan DC. The mitochondrial fission receptor Mff selectively recruits oligomerized Drp1. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4466-77. [PMID: 26446846 PMCID: PMC4666140 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase Drp1 is recruited to mitochondria by outer membrane receptors to drive mitochondrial fission. The receptor Mff selectively binds to oligomerized Drp1, in contrast to the alternative receptors MiD51 and MiD49. These results show that Drp1 receptors recruit different subpopulations of Drp1 and may explain their distinct biological effects. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is the GTP-hydrolyzing mechanoenzyme that catalyzes mitochondrial fission in the cell. Residing in the cytosol as dimers and tetramers, Drp1 is recruited by receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it further assembles into a helical ring that drives division via GTP-dependent constriction. The Drp1 receptor Mff is a major regulator of mitochondrial fission, and its overexpression results in increased fission. In contrast, the alternative Drp1 receptors MiD51 and MiD49 appear to recruit inactive forms of Drp1, because their overexpression inhibits fission. Using genetic and biochemical assays, we studied the interaction of Drp1 with Mff. We show that the insert B region of Drp1 inhibits Mff–Drp1 interactions, such that recombinant Drp1 mutants lacking insert B form a stable complex with Mff. Mff cannot bind to assembly-deficient mutants of Drp1, suggesting that Mff selectively interacts with higher-order complexes of Drp1. In contrast, the alternative Drp1 receptors MiD51 and MiD49 can recruit Drp1 dimers. Therefore Drp1 recruitment by Mff versus MiD51 and MiD49 may result in different outcomes because they recruit different subpopulations of Drp1 from the cytosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Liu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - David C Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ong SB, Kalkhoran SB, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Hausenloy DJ. Mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins as novel therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:104-14. [PMID: 25987420 PMCID: PMC4784719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a number of exciting developments in the field of mitochondrial dynamics - a phenomenon in which changes in mitochondrial shape and movement impact on cellular physiology and pathology. By undergoing fusion and fission, mitochondria are able to change their morphology between elongated interconnected networks and discrete fragmented structures, respectively. The cardiac mitochondria, in particular, have garnered much interest due to their unique spatial arrangement in the adult cardiomyocyte, and the multiple roles they play in cell death and survival. In this article, we review the role of the mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins as novel therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bing Ong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Martins WC, Tasca CI, Cimarosti H. Battling Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting SUMOylation-Mediated Pathways. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:568-78. [PMID: 26227998 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) conjugation is a critically important control process in all eukaryotic cells, because it acts as a biochemical switch and regulates the function of hundreds of proteins in many different pathways. Although the diverse functional consequences and molecular targets of SUMOylation remain largely unknown, SUMOylation is becoming increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apart from the central SUMO-modified disease-associated proteins, such as amyloid precursor protein, amyloid β, and tau, SUMOylation also regulates several other processes underlying AD. These are involved in inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as in protective responses to cell stress. Herein, we review current reports on the involvement of SUMOylation in AD, and present an overview of potential SUMO targets and pathways underlying AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Carbolin Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Inês Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiac function is energetically demanding, reliant on efficient well-coupled mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate and fulfill the cardiac demand. Predictably then, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with cardiac pathologies, often related to metabolic disease, most commonly diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by decreased left ventricular function, arises independently of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. Dysregulation of Ca(2+) handling, metabolic changes, and oxidative stress are observed in DCM, abnormalities reflected in alterations in mitochondrial energetics. Cardiac tissue from DCM patients also presents with altered mitochondrial morphology, suggesting a possible role of mitochondrial dynamics in its pathological progression. RECENT ADVANCES Abnormal mitochondrial morphology is associated with pathologies across diverse tissues, suggesting that this highly regulated process is essential for proper cell maintenance and physiological homeostasis. Highly structured cardiac myofibers were hypothesized to limit alterations in mitochondrial morphology; however, recent work has identified morphological changes in cardiac tissue, specifically in DCM. CRITICAL ISSUES Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported independently from observations of altered mitochondrial morphology in DCM. The temporal relationship and causative nature between functional and morphological changes of mitochondria in the establishment/progression of DCM is unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Altered mitochondrial energetics and morphology are not only causal for but also consequential to reactive oxygen species production, hence exacerbating oxidative damage through reciprocal amplification, which is integral to the progression of DCM. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for DCM will require better mechanistic characterization of morphological distortion and bioenergetic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Galloway
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Yisang Yoon
- 2Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Su YC, Chiu HW, Hung JC, Hong JR. Beta-nodavirus B2 protein induces hydrogen peroxide production, leading to Drp1-recruited mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death via mitochondrial targeting. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1457-70. [PMID: 25008790 PMCID: PMC4167032 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Because the role of the viral B2 protein in the pathogenesis of nervous necrosis virus infection remains unknown, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of B2 protein on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated cell death via mitochondrial targeting. Using a B2 deletion mutant, the B2 mitochondrial targeting signal sequence (41RTFVISAHAA50) correlated with mitochondrial free radical production and cell death in fish cells, embryonic zebrafish, and human cancer cells. After treatment of grouper fin cells (GF-1) overexpressing B2 protein with the anti-oxidant drug, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes, zfCu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and zfCatalase, decreased H2O2 production and cell death were observed. To investigate the correlation between B2 cytotoxicity and H2O2 production in vivo, B2 was injected into zebrafish embryos. Cell damage, as assessed by the acridine orange assay, gradually increased over 24 h post-fertilization, and was accompanied by marked increases in H2O2 production and embryonic death. Increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by the up-regulation of Mn SOD, catalase, and Nrf2, was also observed during this period. Finally, B2-induced dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death could be reversed by NAC and inhibitors of Drp1 and Mdivi in GF-1 cells. Taken together, betanodavirus B2 induces H2O2 production via targeting the mitochondria, where it inhibits complex II function. H2O2 activates Drp1, resulting in its association with the mitochondria, mitochondrial fission and cell death in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu C Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Loh JK, Lin CC, Yang MC, Chou CH, Chen WS, Hong MC, Cho CL, Hsu CM, Cheng JT, Chou AK, Chang CH, Tseng CN, Wang CH, Lieu AS, Howng SL, Hong YR. GSKIP- and GSK3-mediated anchoring strengthens cAMP/PKA/Drp1 axis signaling in the regulation of mitochondrial elongation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1796-807. [PMID: 25920809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
GSK3β binding of GSKIP affects neurite outgrowth, but the physiological significance of PKA binding to GSKIP remains to be determined. We hypothesized that GSKIP and GSK3β mediate cAMP/PKA/Drp1 axis signaling and modulate mitochondrial morphology by forming a working complex comprising PKA/GSKIP/GSK3β/Drp1. We demonstrated that GSKIP wild-type overexpression increased phosphorylation of Drp1 S637 by 7-8-fold compared to PKA kinase-inactive mutants (V41/L45) and a GSK3β binding-defective mutant (L130) under H2O2 and forskolin challenge in HEK293 cells, indicating that not only V41/L45, but also L130 may be involved in Drp1-associated protection of GSKIP. Interestingly, silencing either GSKIP or GSK3β but not GSK3α resulted in a dramatic decrease in Drp1 S637 phosphorylation, revealing that both GSKIP and GSK3β are required in this novel PKA/GSKIP/GSK3β/Drp1 complex. Moreover, overexpressed kinase-dead GSK3β-K85R, which retains the capacity to bind GSKIP, but not K85M which shows total loss of GSKIP-binding, has a higher Drp1 S637 phosphorylation similar to the GSKIP wt overexpression group, indicating that GSK3β recruits Drp1 by anchoring rather than in a kinase role. With further overexpression of either V41/L45P or the L130P GSKIP mutant, the elongated mitochondrial phenotype was lost; however, ectopically expressed Drp1 S637D, a phosphomimetic mutant, but not S637A, a non-phosphorylated mutant, restored the elongated mitochondrial morphology, indicating that Drp1 is a downstream effector of direct PKA signaling and possibly has an indirect GSKIP function involved in the cAMP/PKA/Drp1 signaling axis. Collectively, our data revealed that both GSKIP and GSK3β function as anchoring proteins in the cAMP/PKA/Drp1 signaling axis modulating Drp1 phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Khim Loh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Laboratory of Medical Research, Center of Education and Faculty Development, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shia Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - An-Kuo Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Neng Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Long Howng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Zhao XF, Liu YH, Han ZM, Xu YU. Effect of erythropoietin on the expression of dynamin-related protein-1 in rat renal interstitial fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:2065-2071. [PMID: 26136937 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to observe the expression of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1) in the renal interstitium in a rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In addition, the renoprotective effect of erythropoietin in this model was investigated. A total of 81 rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, UUO model and treatment groups. Following surgery, the rats in the treatment group were subcutaneously administered erythropoietin at a dose of 3,000 IU/kg once a week until the time of sacrifice. Rats in the sham surgery and UUO model groups were administered an identical volume of normal saline. In each group, nine rats were chosen randomly for sacrifice on days 7, 14 and 21 after surgery for histological examination of renal tissue. Renal tissue specimens were examined by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the expression of Drp-1 in the renal interstitium. Renal function damage, as evaluated by the measurement of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, was less severe in the treatment group compared with that in the model group at day 21 (P<0.01). Compared with the UUO model group, the renal interstitial injury score and fibrotic area of the treatment group were decreased markedly at the three time points (P<0.05). The expression level of Drp-1 in the treatment group was decreased markedly at the three time points compared with that in the model group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression of Drp-1 is increased in rat renal interstitial fibrosis, and erythropoietin may alleviate the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis by downregulating the expression of Drp-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ming Han
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Y U Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Sharp WW. Dynamin-related protein 1 as a therapeutic target in cardiac arrest. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:243-52. [PMID: 25659608 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality, defibrillation technologies, and implementation of therapeutic hypothermia, less than 10 % of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims survive to hospital discharge. New resuscitation therapies have been slow to develop, in part, because the pathophysiologic mechanisms critical for resuscitation are not understood. During cardiac arrest, systemic cessation of blood flow results in whole body ischemia. CPR and the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), both result in immediate reperfusion injury of the heart that is characterized by severe contractile dysfunction. Unlike diseases of localized ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (myocardial infarction and stroke), global IR injury of organs results in profound organ dysfunction with far shorter ischemic times. The two most commonly injured organs following cardiac arrest resuscitation, the heart and brain, are critically dependent on mitochondrial function. New insights into mitochondrial dynamics and the role of the mitochondrial fission protein Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in apoptosis have made targeting these mechanisms attractive for IR therapy. In animal models, inhibiting Drp1 following IR injury or cardiac arrest confers protection to both the heart and brain. In this review, the relationship of the major mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 to ischemic changes in the heart and its targeting as a new therapeutic target following cardiac arrest are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willard W Sharp
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 5068, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Ikeda Y, Shirakabe A, Brady C, Zablocki D, Ohishi M, Sadoshima J. Molecular mechanisms mediating mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy and their functional roles in the cardiovascular system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 78:116-22. [PMID: 25305175 PMCID: PMC4268018 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that produce the cellular energy source, ATP. Dysfunctional mitochondria are involved in the pathophysiology of heart disease, which is associated with reduced levels of ATP and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that change their morphology through fission and fusion in order to maintain their function. Fusion connects neighboring depolarized mitochondria and mixes their contents to maintain membrane potential. In contrast, fission segregates damaged mitochondria from intact ones, where the damaged part of mitochondria is subjected to mitophagy whereas the intact part to fusion. It is generally believed that mitochondrial fusion is beneficial for the heart, especially under stress conditions, because it consolidates the mitochondria's ability to supply energy. However, both excessive fusion and insufficient fission disrupt the mitochondrial quality control mechanism and potentiate cell death. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein, with a focus on their roles in cardiovascular disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shirakabe
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, USA
| | - Christopher Brady
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, USA
| | - Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, USA
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Baker MJ, Palmer CS, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial protein quality control in health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1870-89. [PMID: 24117041 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive mitochondrial dysfunction is linked with the onset of many age-related pathologies and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial damage can come in many forms and be induced by a variety of cellular insults. To preserve organelle function during biogenesis or times of stress, multiple surveillance systems work to ensure the persistence of a functional mitochondrial network. This review provides an overview of these processes, which collectively contribute to the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population, which is critical for cell physiology and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Hall AR, Burke N, Dongworth RK, Hausenloy DJ. Mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins: novel therapeutic targets for combating cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1890-906. [PMID: 24328763 PMCID: PMC3976611 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are no longer considered to be solely the static powerhouses of the cell. While they are undoubtedly essential to sustaining life and meeting the energy requirements of the cell through oxidative phosphorylation, they are now regarded as highly dynamic organelles with multiple functions, playing key roles in cell survival and death. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, as novel therapeutic targets for treating a wide range of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Hall
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital & Medical School, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Wasik U, Filipek A. Non-nuclear function of sumoylated proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2878-2885. [PMID: 25110347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification by the SUMO moiety is now regarded as one of the key regulatory modifications in eukaryotic cells. Up to now, plenty of sumoylated proteins have been found to be involved in nuclear processes such as chromatin organization, transcription and DNA repair as well as in other cellular functions. Since the number of data concerning sumoylated proteins and their function outside the nucleus has grown rapidly, in this review we summarized the results describing the non-nuclear role of SUMO substrates. In particular, we focused on the role of sumoylation in the regulation of channel activity, receptor function, G-protein signaling, activity of enzymes, cytoskeletal organization, exocytosis, autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wasik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|