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Gu Z, Men S, Zhu J, Hao Q, Tong N, Liu ZA, Zhang H, Shu Q, Wang L. Chalcone synthase is ubiquitinated and degraded via interactions with a RING-H2 protein in petals of Paeonia 'He Xie'. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4749-4762. [PMID: 31106836 PMCID: PMC6760318 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely distributed among angiosperms, where they play diverse roles in plant growth, development, and evolution. The regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level, but post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational control of flavonoid biosynthesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we analysed post-translational regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in the ornamental plant Paeonia, using proteome and ubiquitylome profiling, in conjunction with transcriptome data. Three enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified as being putative targets of ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Among these, chalcone synthase (PhCHS) was shown to have the greatest number of ubiquitination sites. We examined PhCHS abundance in petals using PhCHS-specific antibody and found that its accumulation decreased at later developmental stages, resulting from 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. We further identified a ring domain-containing protein (PhRING-H2) that physically interacts with PhCHS and demonstrated that PhRING-H2 is required for PhCHS ubiquitination. Taken together, our results suggest that PhRING-H2-mediates PhCHS ubiquitination and degradation is an important mechanism of post-translational regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Paeonia, providing a theoretical basis for the manipulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Men
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Hao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ningning Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hechen Zhang
- Horticulture Institute of He’nan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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Huang Y, Xu PH, Hou BZ, Shen YY. Strawberry tonoplast transporter, FaVPT1, controls phosphate accumulation and fruit quality. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2715-2729. [PMID: 31151133 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and development, and the vacuole is an important organelle for phosphate storage. However, the tonoplast phosphate transporter in fleshy fruits remains unknown. In this study, based on the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit transcriptome data, a tonoplast-localized vacuolar phosphate transporter with SPX and major facilitator superfamily domains, FaVPT1, was identified. FaVPT1 expression was highest in the fruits and could be induced by sucrose. Using transient transgenic systems in strawberry fruit, the downregulation and upregulation of FaVPT1 inhibited and promoted ripening, respectively, and affected phosphate contents, fruit firmness, sugar and anthocyanin contents, and ripening-related gene transcription. FaVPT1 could rescue Pi absorption in both yeast and the Arabidopsis atvpt1 mutant, confirming the similar function of FaVPT1 and AtVPT1, a previously identified tonoplast phosphate transporter in Arabidopsis. The Escherichia coli-expressed SPX domain of FaVPT1 could strongly bind to InsP6 with a Kd of 3.5 μM. The results demonstrate that FaVPT1 is a tonoplast phosphate transporter and regulates strawberry fruit ripening and quality, to a large extent, via sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Bei Jing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Peng-Hao Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bing-Zhu Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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53
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Gu T, Jia S, Huang X, Wang L, Fu W, Huo G, Gan L, Ding J, Li Y. Transcriptome and hormone analyses provide insights into hormonal regulation in strawberry ripening. PLANTA 2019; 250:145-162. [PMID: 30949762 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The possible molecular mechanisms regulating strawberry fruit ripening were revealed by plant hormone quantification, exogenous hormone application, and RNA-sequencing. Fruit ripening involves a complex interplay among plant hormones. Strawberry is a model for studies on non-climacteric fruit ripening. However, the knowledge on how plant hormones are involved in strawberry ripening is still limited. To understand hormonal actions in the ripening process, we performed genome-wide transcriptome and hormonal analysis for the five major hormones (abscisic acid and catabolites, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, and ethylene) in achenes and receptacles (flesh) at different ripening stages of the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca. Our results demonstrate that the pre-turning stage (a stage with white flesh and red achenes defined in this study) is the transition stage from immature to ripe fruits. The combinatorial analyses of hormone content, transcriptome data, and exogenous hormone treatment indicate that auxin is synthesized predominantly in achenes, while abscisic acid (ABA), bioactive free base cytokinins, gibberellins, and ethylene are mainly produced in receptacles. Furthermore, gibberellin may delay ripening, while ethylene and cytokinin are likely involved at later stages of the ripening process. Our results also provide additional evidence that ABA promotes ripening, while auxin delays it. Although our hormone analysis demonstrates that the total auxin in receptacles remains relatively low and unchanged during ripening, our experimental evidence further indicates that ABA likely enhances expression of the endoplasmic reticulum-localized auxin efflux carrier PIN-LIKES, which may subsequently reduce the auxin level in nucleus. This study provides a global picture for hormonal regulation of non-climacteric strawberry fruit ripening and also evidence for a possible mechanism of ABA and auxin interaction in the ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant hormone, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guotao Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Gan
- Laboratory of Plant hormone, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Zhang Z, Kang C, Zhang S, Li X. Transcript analyses reveal a comprehensive role of abscisic acid in modulating fruit ripening in Chinese jujube. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31068143 PMCID: PMC6505321 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a non-climacteric fruit; however, the underlying mechanism of ripening and the role of abscisic acid involved in this process are not yet understood for this species. RESULTS In the present study, a positive correlation between dynamic changes in endogenous ABA and the onset of jujube ripening was determined. Transcript analyses suggested that the expression balance among genes encoding nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (ZjNCED3), ABA-8'-hydroxylase (ZjCYP707A2), and beta-glucosidase (ZjBG4, ZjBG5, ZjBG8, and ZjBG9) has an important role in maintaining ABA accumulation, while the expression of a receptor (ZjPYL8), protein phosphatase 2C (ZjPP2C4-8), and sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (ZjSnRK2-2 and ZjSnRK2-5) is important in regulating fruit sensitivity to ABA applications. In addition, white mature 'Dongzao' fruit were harvested and treated with 50 mg L- 1 ABA or 50 mg L- 1 nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) to explore the role of ABA in jujube fruit ripening. By comparative transcriptome analyses, 1103 and 505 genes were differentially expressed in response to ABA and NDGA applications on the 1st day after treatment, respectively. These DEGs were associated with photosynthesis, secondary, lipid, cell wall, and starch and sugar metabolic processes, suggesting the involvement of ABA in modulating jujube fruit ripening. Moreover, ABA also exhibited crosstalk with other phytohormones and transcription factors, indicating a regulatory network for jujube fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS Our study further elucidated ABA-associated metabolic and regulatory processes. These findings are helpful for improving strategies for jujube fruit storage and for gaining insights into understand complex non-climacteric fruit ripening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chenxuan Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Forestry Administration of Linwei District, Weinan, 714000 Shaanxi China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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55
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Zhao Y, Mao W, Chen Y, Wang W, Dai Z, Dou Z, Zhang K, Wei L, Li T, Zeng B, Liu T, Fan Y, Yan J, Li B, Jia W. Optimization and standardization of transient expression assays for gene functional analyses in strawberry fruits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:53. [PMID: 31069083 PMCID: PMC6491593 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry is increasingly used as a model plant for research on fruit growth and development. The transient gene manipulation (TGM) technique is widely used to determine the function of plant genes, including those in strawberry fruits. However, its reliable application for the precise identification of gene function has been difficult owing to the lack of conditional optimization. In this study, we found that successful transient gene manipulation requires optimization, with the vector type, temperature, and fruit developmental stage being three major factors determining success. Notably, we found that transient gene manipulation was feasible only from the large green fruit stage onwards, making it especially suitable for identifying genes involved in strawberry fruit ripening. Furthermore, we established a method called percentage difference of phenotype (PDP), in which the functional effect of a gene could be precisely and efficiently identified in strawberry fruits. This method can be used to estimate the functional effect of a gene as a value from 0 to 100%, such that different genes can be quantitatively compared for their relative abilities to regulate fruit ripening. This study provides a useful tool for accelerating research on the molecular basis of strawberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Zhechao Dou
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Wei
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Baozhen Zeng
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Yijuan Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
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56
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Li D, Mou W, Xia R, Li L, Zawora C, Ying T, Mao L, Liu Z, Luo Z. Integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing data shows abscisic acid-responsive genes and miRNAs in strawberry receptacle fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:26. [PMID: 30729016 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0100-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening, but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well understood. By employing high-throughput sequencing technology, we comprehensively analyzed transcriptomic and miRNA expression profiles simultaneously in ABA- and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, an ABA biosynthesis blocker)-treated strawberry fruits with temporal resolution. The results revealed that ABA regulated many genes in different pathways, including hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Transcription factor genes belonging to WRKY and heat shock factor (HSF) families might play key roles in regulating the expression of ABA inducible genes, whereas the KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein and Squamosa Promoter-Binding-like protein 18 might be responsible for ABA-downregulated genes. Additionally, 20 known and six novel differentially expressed miRNAs might be important regulators that assist ABA in regulating target genes that are involved in versatile physiological processes, such as hormone balance regulation, pigments formation and cell wall degradation. Furthermore, degradome analysis showed that one novel miRNA, Fa_novel6, could degrade its target gene HERCULES1, which likely contributed to fruit size determination during strawberry ripening. These results expanded our understanding of how ABA drives the strawberry fruit ripening process as well as the role of miRNAs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Wangshu Mou
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xia
- 3State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Christopher Zawora
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Tiejin Ying
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linchun Mao
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
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57
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Li D, Mou W, Xia R, Li L, Zawora C, Ying T, Mao L, Liu Z, Luo Z. Integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing data shows abscisic acid-responsive genes and miRNAs in strawberry receptacle fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:26. [PMID: 30729016 PMCID: PMC6355886 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening, but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well understood. By employing high-throughput sequencing technology, we comprehensively analyzed transcriptomic and miRNA expression profiles simultaneously in ABA- and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, an ABA biosynthesis blocker)-treated strawberry fruits with temporal resolution. The results revealed that ABA regulated many genes in different pathways, including hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Transcription factor genes belonging to WRKY and heat shock factor (HSF) families might play key roles in regulating the expression of ABA inducible genes, whereas the KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein and Squamosa Promoter-Binding-like protein 18 might be responsible for ABA-downregulated genes. Additionally, 20 known and six novel differentially expressed miRNAs might be important regulators that assist ABA in regulating target genes that are involved in versatile physiological processes, such as hormone balance regulation, pigments formation and cell wall degradation. Furthermore, degradome analysis showed that one novel miRNA, Fa_novel6, could degrade its target gene HERCULES1, which likely contributed to fruit size determination during strawberry ripening. These results expanded our understanding of how ABA drives the strawberry fruit ripening process as well as the role of miRNAs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Wangshu Mou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Christopher Zawora
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Tiejin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
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58
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Jiang J, Xi H, Dai Z, Lecourieux F, Yuan L, Liu X, Patra B, Wei Y, Li S, Wang L. VvWRKY8 represses stilbene synthase genes through direct interaction with VvMYB14 to control resveratrol biosynthesis in grapevine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:715-729. [PMID: 30445464 PMCID: PMC6322584 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) is a stilbenoid, a group of plant phenolic metabolites derived from stilbene that possess activities against pests, pathogens, and abiotic stresses. Only a few species, including grapevine (Vitis), synthesize and accumulate Res. Although stilbene synthases (STSs) have been isolated and characterized in several species, the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying stilbene biosynthesis are still largely unknown. Here, we characterize a grapevine WRKY transcription factor, VvWRKY8, that regulates the Res biosynthetic pathway. Transient and stable overexpression of VvWRKY8 in grapevine results in decreased expression of VvSTS15/21 and VvMYB14, as well as in a reduction of Res accumulation. VvWRKY8 does not bind to or activate the promoters of VvMYB14 and VvSTS15/21; however, it physically interacts with VvMYB14 proteins through their N-terminal domains to prevent them from binding to the VvSTS15/21 promoter. Application of exogenous Res results in the stimulation of VvWRKY8 expression and in a decrease of VvMYB14 and VvSTS15/21 expression in grapevine suspension cells, and in the activation of the VvWRKY8 promoter in tobacco leaves. These results demonstrate that VvWRKY8 represses VvSTS15/21 expression and Res biosynthesis through interaction with VvMYB14. In this context, the VvMYB14-VvSTS15/21-Res-VvWRKY8 regulatory loop may be an important mechanism for the fine-tuning of Res biosynthesis in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifen Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CNRS, INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CNRS, INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xianju Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yongzan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Lijun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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Dubey M, Jaiswal V, Rawoof A, Kumar A, Nitin M, Chhapekar SS, Kumar N, Ahmad I, Islam K, Brahma V, Ramchiary N. Identification of genes involved in fruit development/ripening in Capsicum and development of functional markers. Genomics 2019; 111:1913-1922. [PMID: 30615924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the underlying genes involved in the process of fruit ripening in Capsicum (family Solanaceae) is not clearly known. In the present study, we identified orthologs of 32 fruit development/ripening genes of tomato in Capsicum, and validated their expression in fruit development stages in C. annuum, C. frutescens, and C. chinense. In silico expression analysis using transcriptome data identified a total of 12 out of 32 genes showing differential expression during different stages of fruit development in Capsicum. Real time expression identified gene LOC107847473 (ortholog of MADS-RIN) had substantially higher expression (>500 folds) in breaker and mature fruits, which suggested the non-climacteric ripening behaviour of Capsicum. However, differential expression of Ehtylene receptor 2-like (LOC107873245) gene during fruit maturity supported the climacteric behaviour of only C. frutescens (hot pepper). Furthermore, development of 49 gene based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers would help in selection of identified genes in Capsicum breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Dubey
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kararagod 671316, India
| | - Mukesh Nitin
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sushil Satish Chhapekar
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati 781014, India
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Khushbu Islam
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijaya Brahma
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
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Yakir E, Zhangjun F, Sela N, Xu Y, Singh V, Dagar A, Joshi JR, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S, Giovannoni JJ, Vrebalov J, Friedman H. MaMADS2 repression in banana fruits modifies hormone synthesis and signalling pathways prior to climacteric stage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:267. [PMID: 30400866 PMCID: PMC6219179 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the role of ethylene in fruit ripening has been widely studied, the contributions of additional plant hormones are less clear. Here we examined the interactions between the transcription factor MaMADS2-box which plays a major role in banana fruit ripening and hormonal regulation. Specifically, we used MaMADS2 repressed lines in transcriptome and hormonal analyses throughout ripening and assessed hormone and gene expression perturbations as compared to wild-type (WT) control fruit. RESULTS Our analyses revealed major differences in hormones levels and in expression of hormone synthesis and signaling genes mediated by MaMADS2 especially in preclimacteric pulp. Genes encoding ethylene biosynthesis enzymes had lower expression in the pulp of the repressed lines, consistent with reduced ethylene production. Generally, the expression of other hormone (auxin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) response pathway genes were down regulated in the WT pulp prior to ripening, but remained high in MaMADS2 repressed lines. Hormone levels of abscisic acid were also higher, however, active gibberellin levels were lower and auxin levels were similar with MaMADS2 repression as compared to WT. Although abscisic level was higher in MaMADS2 repression, exogenous abscisic acid shortened the time to ethylene production and increased MaMADS2 mRNA accumulation in WT. Exogenous ethylene did not influence abscisic acid level. CRE - a cytokinin receptor, increased its expression during maturation in WT and was lower especially at prebreaker in the repressed line and zeatin level was lower at mature green of the repressed line in comparison to WT. CONCLUSIONS In addition to previously reported effects of MaMADS2 on ethylene, this transcription factor also influences other plant hormones, particularly at the pre-climacteric stage. The cytokinin pathway may play a previously unanticipated role via MaMADS2 in banana ripening. Finally, abscisic acid enhances MaMADS2 expression to promote ripening, but the transcription factor in turn auto inhibits ABA synthesis and signaling. Together, these results demonstrate a complex interaction of plant hormones and banana fruit ripening mediated by MaMADS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Yakir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Fei Zhangjun
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Noa Sela
- Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yimin Xu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Anurag Dagar
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Janak Raj Joshi
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James J. Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Julia Vrebalov
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Haya Friedman
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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Wei L, Mao W, Jia M, Xing S, Ali U, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Cao M, Dai Z, Zhang K, Dou Z, Jia W, Li B. FaMYB44.2, a transcriptional repressor, negatively regulates sucrose accumulation in strawberry receptacles through interplay with FaMYB10. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4805-4820. [PMID: 30085079 PMCID: PMC6137983 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sugar and acid metabolism are critical for fruit ripening and quality formation, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we identified a transcriptional repressor, FaMYB44.2, that regulates sugar and acid accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa 'Benihoppe') receptacles. We transiently expressed FaMYB44.2 in strawberry fruit and conducted metabolic and molecular analyses to explore the role of FaMYB44.2 in sugar and acid accumulation in strawberry. We found that FaMYB44.2 negatively regulates soluble sugar accumulation and malic acid content and represses the expression of numerous structural genes, including FaSPS3, a key gene in sucrose accumulation. From the white fruit stage onwards, the repressive effect of FaMYB44.2 on FaSPS3 is reversed by FaMYB10, which positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation. Our results indicate that FaMYB10 suppresses FaMYB44.2 expression; weakens the interaction between FaMYB44.2 and its co-repressor, FabHLH3; and cooperates with FabHLH3 to activate the expression of FaSPS3. The interplay between FaMYB10 and FaMYB44.2 results in sucrose accumulation in ripe strawberry fruits. In addition, the repressive effect of FaMYB44.2 on sucrose accumulation is enhanced by jasmonic acid. This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of sucrose accumulation and sheds light on the interplay between regulatory proteins during strawberry fruit ripening and quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wei
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiru Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sinian Xing
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Usman Ali
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minglin Cao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengrong Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhechao Dou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Yin X, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Liu X, Zhang B, Yang X, Grierson D, Jiang G, Klee HJ, Chen K. An ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR-MYB Transcription Complex Regulates Furaneol Biosynthesis by Activating QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE Expression in Strawberry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:189-201. [PMID: 29987002 PMCID: PMC6130037 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone is a major contributor to the aroma of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit, and the last step in its biosynthesis is catalyzed by strawberry quinone oxidoreductase (FaQR). Here, an ethylene response factor (FaERF#9) was characterized as a positive regulator of the FaQR promoter. Linear regression analysis indicated that FaERF#9 transcript levels were correlated significantly with both FaQR transcripts and furanone content in different strawberry cultivars. Transient overexpression of FaERF#9 in strawberry fruit significantly increased FaQR expression and furaneol production. Yeast one-hybrid assays, however, indicated that FaERF#9 by itself did not bind to the FaQR promoter. An MYB transcription factor (FaMYB98) identified in yeast one-hybrid screening of the strawberry cDNA library was capable of both binding to the promoter and activating the transcription of FaQR by ∼5.6-fold. Yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation confirmed a direct protein-protein interaction between FaERF#9 and FaMYB98, and in combination, they activated the FaQR promoter 14-fold in transactivation assays. These results indicate that an ERF-MYB complex containing FaERF#9 and FaMYB98 activates the FaQR promoter and up-regulates 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone biosynthesis in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueren Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuying Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojia Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Donald Grierson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Harry J Klee
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Horticultural Sciences, Plant Innovation Center, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Guo X, Wang Y, Zhai Z, Huang T, Zhao D, Peng X, Feng C, Xiao Y, Li T. Transcriptomic analysis of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in bicolored cherry fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:663-677. [PMID: 30131207 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits are classified into dark-red and bicolored cultivars based on their anthocyanin contents; however, the mechanisms regulating the accumulation of these pigments are unclear. Here, we reveal that anthocyanin accumulation is highly dependent on light in bicolored 'Rainier' cherries, while it is only slightly light dependent in the dark-red 'Hongdeng' fruits. To reveal the transcriptional mechanisms regulating light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in bicolored 'Rainier' cherries, we sequenced the transcriptomes of fruits grown in light or in darkness. Genes encoding the anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase were significantly upregulated by light in the bicolored fruits. Most of the differentially expressed regulatory genes were known to be involved in the light or hormone signal transduction pathways, such as those encoding protein phosphatase 2Cs, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3, phytochromes, and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5. The expression levels of 32 highly expressed transcription factors were found to be significantly altered by light in the bicolored fruits, including members of the basic leucine zipper, R2R3-MYB, and WRKY transcription factor families. A co-expression network analysis further revealed that many of the light-regulated genes were co-expressed with genes involved in the abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signaling pathways, suggesting that these phytohormones play important roles in light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis. Together, our data reveal multiple roles for light in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in differently colored cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zefeng Zhai
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianjiao Huang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 102206, China.
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64
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Xing S, Jia M, Wei L, Mao W, Abbasi UA, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Cao M, Zhang K, Dai Z, Dou Z, Jia W, Li B. CRISPR/Cas9-introduced single and multiple mutagenesis in strawberry. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:685-687. [PMID: 30573379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinian Xing
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiru Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingzhi Wei
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Usman Ali Abbasi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minglin Cao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengrong Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhechao Dou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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65
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Hou BZ, Li CL, Han YY, Shen YY. Characterization of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit ripening regulated by ethylene and ABA. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:162. [PMID: 30097017 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1377-1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ripening of fleshy fruits has been classically defined as climacteric or non-climacteric. Both types of ripening are controlled by plant hormones, notably by ethylene in climacteric ripening and by abscisic acid (ABA) in non-climacteric ripening. In pepper (Capsicum), fruit ripening has been widely classified as non-climacteric, but the ripening of the hot pepper fruit appears to be climacteric. To date, how to regulate the hot pepper fruit ripening through ethylene and ABA remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we examined ripening of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit during large green (LG), initial colouring (IC), brown (Br), and full red (FR) stages. We found a peak of ethylene emission at the IC stage, followed by a peak respiratory quotient at the Br stage. By contrast, ABA levels increased slowly before the Br stage, then increased sharply and reached a maximum level at the FR stage. Exogenous ethylene promoted colouration, but exogenous ABA did not. Unexpectedly, fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, promoted colouration. RNA-sequencing data obtained from the four stages around ripening showed that ACO3 and NCED1/3 gene expression determined ethylene and ABA levels, respectively. Downregulation of ACO3 and NCED1/3 expression by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited and promoted colouration, respectively, as evidenced by changes in carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene levels, as well as carotenoid biosynthesis-related gene expression. Importantly, the retarded colouration in ACO3-VIGS fruits was rescued by exogenous ethylene. CONCLUSIONS Ethylene positively regulates the hot pepper fruit colouration, while inhibition of ABA biosynthesis promotes colouration, suggesting a role of ABA in de-greening. Our findings provide new insights into processes of fleshy fruit ripening regulated by ABA and ethylene, focusing on ethylene in carotenoid biosynthesis and ABA in chlorophyll degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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66
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Hou BZ, Li CL, Han YY, Shen YY. Characterization of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit ripening regulated by ethylene and ABA. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:162. [PMID: 30097017 PMCID: PMC6086059 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ripening of fleshy fruits has been classically defined as climacteric or non-climacteric. Both types of ripening are controlled by plant hormones, notably by ethylene in climacteric ripening and by abscisic acid (ABA) in non-climacteric ripening. In pepper (Capsicum), fruit ripening has been widely classified as non-climacteric, but the ripening of the hot pepper fruit appears to be climacteric. To date, how to regulate the hot pepper fruit ripening through ethylene and ABA remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we examined ripening of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit during large green (LG), initial colouring (IC), brown (Br), and full red (FR) stages. We found a peak of ethylene emission at the IC stage, followed by a peak respiratory quotient at the Br stage. By contrast, ABA levels increased slowly before the Br stage, then increased sharply and reached a maximum level at the FR stage. Exogenous ethylene promoted colouration, but exogenous ABA did not. Unexpectedly, fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, promoted colouration. RNA-sequencing data obtained from the four stages around ripening showed that ACO3 and NCED1/3 gene expression determined ethylene and ABA levels, respectively. Downregulation of ACO3 and NCED1/3 expression by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited and promoted colouration, respectively, as evidenced by changes in carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene levels, as well as carotenoid biosynthesis-related gene expression. Importantly, the retarded colouration in ACO3-VIGS fruits was rescued by exogenous ethylene. CONCLUSIONS Ethylene positively regulates the hot pepper fruit colouration, while inhibition of ABA biosynthesis promotes colouration, suggesting a role of ABA in de-greening. Our findings provide new insights into processes of fleshy fruit ripening regulated by ABA and ethylene, focusing on ethylene in carotenoid biosynthesis and ABA in chlorophyll degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
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67
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Guo J, Wang S, Yu X, Dong R, Li Y, Mei X, Shen Y. Polyamines Regulate Strawberry Fruit Ripening by Abscisic Acid, Auxin, and Ethylene. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:339-351. [PMID: 29523717 PMCID: PMC5933135 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) participate in many plant growth and developmental processes, including fruit ripening. However, it is not clear whether PAs play a role in the ripening of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), a model nonclimacteric plant. Here, we found that the content of the PA spermine (Spm) increased more sharply after the onset of fruit coloration than did that of the PAs putrescine (Put) or spermidine (Spd). Spm dominance in ripe fruit resulted from abundant transcripts of a strawberry S-adenosyl-l-Met decarboxylase gene (FaSAMDC), which encodes an enzyme that generates a residue needed for PA biosynthesis. Exogenous Spm and Spd promoted fruit coloration, while exogenous Put and a SAMDC inhibitor inhibited coloration. Based on transcriptome data, up- and down-regulation of FaSAMDC expression promoted and inhibited ripening, respectively, which coincided with changes in several physiological parameters and their corresponding gene transcripts, including firmness, anthocyanin content, sugar content, polyamine content, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and ethylene emission. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we found that FaSAMDC also had a high enzymatic activity with a Kd of 1.7 × 10-3 m In conclusion, PAs, especially Spm, regulate strawberry fruit ripening in an ABA-dominated, IAA-participating, and ethylene-coordinated manner, and FaSAMDC plays an important role in ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Address correspondence to or
| | - Shufang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xurong Mei
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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68
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Hou BZ, Xu C, Shen YY. A leu-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase, FaRIPK1, interacts with the ABA receptor, FaABAR, to regulate fruit ripening in strawberry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1569-1582. [PMID: 29281111 PMCID: PMC5888985 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) is a model plant for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening regulated by abscisic acid (ABA); however, its exact molecular mechanisms are yet not fully understood. In this study, a predicted leu-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase in strawberry, red-initial protein kinase 1 (FaRIPK1), was screened and, using a yeast two-hybrid assay, was shown to interact with a putative ABA receptor, FaABAR. This association was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays, and shown to occur in the nucleus. Expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that FaRIPK1 is expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit, with a particularly high expression in white fruit at the onset of coloration. Down-regulation of FaRIPK1 expression in strawberry fruit, using Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, inhibited ripening, as evidenced by suppression of ripening-related physiological changes and reduced expression of several genes involved in softening, sugar content, pigmentation, and ABA biosynthesis and signaling. The yeast-expressed LRR and STK (serine/threonine protein kinase) domains of FaRIPK1 bound ABA and showed kinase activity, respectively. A fruit disc-incubation test revealed that FaRIPK1 expression was induced by ABA and ethylene. The synergistic action of FaRIPK1 with FaABAR in regulation of strawberry fruit ripening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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69
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Ma T, Yoo MJ, Zhang T, Liu L, Koh J, Song WY, Harmon AC, Sha W, Chen S. Characterization of thiol-based redox modifications of Brassica napusSNF1-related protein kinase 2.6-2C. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:628-645. [PMID: 29632815 PMCID: PMC5881534 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose nonfermenting 1‐related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6), also known as Open Stomata 1 (OST1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a pivotal role in abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stomatal closure. Four SnRK2.6 paralogs were identified in the Brassica napus genome in our previous work. Here we studied one of the paralogs, BnSnRK2.6‐2C, which was transcriptionally induced by ABA in guard cells. Recombinant BnSnRK2.6‐2C exhibited autophosphorylation activity and its phosphorylation sites were mapped. The autophosphorylation activity was inhibited by S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and by oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the inhibition was reversed by reductants. Using monobromobimane (mBBr) labeling, we demonstrated a dose‐dependent modification of BnSnRK2.6‐2C by GSNO. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis revealed previously uncharacterized thiol‐based modifications including glutathionylation and sulfonic acid formation. Of the six cysteine residues in BnSnRK2.6‐2C, C159 was found to have different types of thiol modifications, suggesting its high redox sensitivity and versatility. In addition, mBBr labeling on tyrosine residues was identified. Collectively, these data provide detailed biochemical characterization of redox‐induced modifications and changes of the BnSnRK2.6‐2C activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- College of Life Sciences Northeast Forestry University Harbin China.,Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry Qiqihar University Heilongjiang China
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Wen-Yuan Song
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Alice C Harmon
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Wei Sha
- College of Life Sciences Northeast Forestry University Harbin China.,College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry Qiqihar University Heilongjiang China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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70
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An ethylene response factor (MxERF4) functions as a repressor of Fe acquisition in Malus xiaojinensis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1068. [PMID: 29348657 PMCID: PMC5773544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plants; however, its availability is limited as it forms insoluble complexes in the soil. Consequently, plants have developed mechanisms to adapt to low Fe conditions. We demonstrate that ethylene is involved in Fe deficiency-induced physiological responses in Malus xiaojinensis, and describe the identification of MxERF4 as a protein-protein interaction partner with the MxFIT transcription factor, which is involved in the iron deficiency response. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MxERF4 acts as an MxFIT interaction partner to suppresses the expression of the Fe transporter MxIRT1, by binding directly to its promoter, requiring the EAR motif of the MxERF4 protein. Suppression of MxERF4 expression in M. xiaojinensis, using virus induced gene silencing resulted in an increase in MxIRT1 expression. Taken together, the results suggest a repression mechanism, where ethylene initiates the Fe deficiency response, and the response is then dampened, which may require a transient inhibition of Fe acquisition via the action of MxERF4.
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71
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Jiang L, Kai W, Liang B, Wang J, Du Y, Zhai X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang L, Leng P. Suppressing Type 2C Protein Phosphatases Alters Fruit Ripening and the Stress Response in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:142-154. [PMID: 29121241 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although ABA signaling has been widely studied in Arabidopsis, the roles of core ABA signaling components in fruit remain poorly understood. Herein, we characterize SlPP2C1, a group A type 2C protein phosphatase that negatively regulates ABA signaling and fruit ripening in tomato. The SlPP2C1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm close to AtAHG3/AtPP2CA. The SlPP2C1 gene was expressed in all tomato tissues throughout development, particularly in flowers and fruits, and it was up-regulated by dehydration and ABA treatment. SlPP2C1 expression in fruits was increased at 30 d after full bloom and peaked at the B + 1 stage. Suppression of SlPP2C1 expression significantly accelerated fruit ripening which was associated with higher levels of ABA signaling genes that are reported to alter the expression of fruit ripening genes involved in ethylene release and cell wall catabolism. SlPP2C1-RNAi (RNA interference) led to increased endogenous ABA accumulation and advanced release of ethylene in transgenic fruits compared with wild-type (WT) fruits. SlPP2C1-RNAi also resulted in abnormal flowers and obstructed the normal abscission of pedicels. SlPP2C1-RNAi plants were hypersensitized to ABA, and displayed delayed seed germination and primary root growth, and increased resistance to drought stress compared with WT plants. These results demonstrated that SlPP2C1 is a functional component in the ABA signaling pathway which participates in fruit ripening, ABA responses and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Zhang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Li
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangwei Du
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiawan Zhai
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jieling Wang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lusheng Zhang
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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72
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Shen X, Guo X, Zhao D, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Peng X, Wei Y, Zhai Z, Zhao W, Li T. Cloning and expression profiling of the PacSnRK2 and PacPP2C gene families during fruit development, ABA treatment, and dehydration stress in sweet cherry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:275-285. [PMID: 28926798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family members are core components of the ABA signal transduction pathway. SnRK2 and PP2C proteins have been suggested to play crucial roles in fruit ripening and improving plant tolerance to drought stress, but supporting genetic information has been lacking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Here, we cloned six full-length SnRK2 genes and three full-length PP2C genes from sweet cherry cv. Hong Deng. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that PacSnRK2.2, PacSnRK2.3, PacSnRK2.6, and PacPP2C1-3 were negatively regulated in fruits in response to exogenous ABA treatment, PacSnRK2.4 and PacSnRK2.5 were upregulated, and PacSnRK2.1 expression was not affected. The ABA treatment also significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins in sweet cherry fruit. The expression of all PacSnRK2 and PacPP2C genes was induced by dehydration stress, which also promoted the accumulation of drought stress signaling molecules in the sweet cherry fruits, including ABA, soluble sugars, and anthocyanin. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that PacPP2C1 interacts with all six PacSnRK2s, while PacPP2C3 does not interact with PacSnRK2.5. PacPP2C2 does not interact with PacSnRK2.1 or PacSnRK2.4. These results indicate that PacSnRK2s and PacPP2Cs may play a variety of roles in the sweet cherry ABA signaling pathway and the fruit response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomolgy, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | - Yantao Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zefeng Zhai
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China.
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73
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Wang Y, Guo S, Tian S, Zhang J, Ren Y, Sun H, Gong G, Zhang H, Xu Y. Abscisic acid pathway involved in the regulation of watermelon fruit ripening and quality trait evolution. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179944. [PMID: 28662086 PMCID: PMC5491074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is a non-climacteric fruit. The modern sweet-dessert watermelon is the result of years of cultivation and selection for fruits with desirable qualities. To date, the mechanisms of watermelon fruit ripening, and the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in this process, has not been well understood. We quantified levels of free and conjugated ABA contents in the fruits of cultivated watermelon (97103; C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris), semi-wild germplasm (PI179878; C. lanatus subsp. mucosospermus), and wild germplasm (PI296341-FR; C. lanatus subsp. lanatus). Results showed that ABA content in the fruits of 97103 and PI179878 increased during fruit development and ripening, but maintained a low steady state in the center flesh of PI296341-FR fruits. ABA levels in fruits were highest in 97103 and lowest in PI296341-FR, but no obvious differences in ABA levels were observed in seeds of these lines. Examination of 31 representative watermelon accessions, including different C. lanatus subspecies and ancestral species, showed a correlation between soluble solids content (SSC) and ABA levels in ripening fruits. Furthermore, injection of exogenous ABA or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) into 97103 fruits promoted or inhibited ripening, respectively. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression levels of several genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling, including Cla009779 (NCED), Cla005404 (NCED), Cla020673 (CYP707A), Cla006655 (UGT) and Cla020180 (SnRK2), varied significantly in cultivated and wild watermelon center flesh. Three SNPs (-738, C/A; -1681, C/T; -1832, G/T) in the promoter region of Cla020673 (CYP707A) and one single SNP (-701, G/A) in the promoter of Cla020180 (SnRK2) exhibited a high level of correlation with SSC variation in the 100 tested accessions. Our results not only demonstrate for the first time that ABA is involved in the regulation of watermelon fruit ripening, but also provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, China
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74
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Jia M, Ding N, Zhang Q, Xing S, Wei L, Zhao Y, Du P, Mao W, Li J, Li B, Jia W. A FERONIA-Like Receptor Kinase Regulates Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) Fruit Ripening and Quality Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1099. [PMID: 28702036 PMCID: PMC5487432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ripening of fleshy fruits is controlled by a series of intricate signaling processes. Here, we report a FERONIA/FER-like receptor kinase, FaMRLK47, that regulates both strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit ripening and quality formation. Overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of FaMRLK47 delayed and accelerated fruit ripening, respectively. We showed that FaMRLK47 physically interacts with FaABI1, a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and demonstrated that FaMRLK47 regulates fruit ripening by modulating ABA signaling, a major pathway governing strawberry fruit ripening. In accordance with these findings, overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of FaMRLK47 caused a decrease and increase, respectively, in the ABA-induced expression of a series of ripening-related genes. Additionally, overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of FaMRLK47 resulted in an increase and decrease in sucrose content, respectively, as compared with control fruits, and respectively promoted and inhibited the expression of genes in the sucrose biosynthesis pathway (FaSS and FaSPS). Collectively, this study demonstrates that FaMRLK47 is an important regulator of strawberry fruit ripening and quality formation, and sheds light on the signaling mechanisms underlying strawberry fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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75
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Li T, Xu Y, Zhang L, Ji Y, Tan D, Yuan H, Wang A. The Jasmonate-Activated Transcription Factor MdMYC2 Regulates ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR and Ethylene Biosynthetic Genes to Promote Ethylene Biosynthesis during Apple Fruit Ripening. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1316-1334. [PMID: 28550149 PMCID: PMC5502464 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is critical for ripening in climacteric fruits, including apple (Malus domestica). Jasmonate (JA) promotes ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that JA-induced ethylene production in apple fruit is dependent on the expression of MdACS1, an ACC synthase gene involved in ethylene biosynthesis. The expression of MdMYC2, encoding a transcription factor involved in the JA signaling pathway, was enhanced by MeJA treatment in apple fruits, and MdMYC2 directly bound to the promoters of both MdACS1 and the ACC oxidase gene MdACO1 and enhanced their transcription. Furthermore, MdMYC2 bound to the promoter of MdERF3, encoding a transcription factor involved in the ethylene-signaling pathway, thereby activating MdACS1 transcription. We also found that MdMYC2 interacted with MdERF2, a suppressor of MdERF3 and MdACS1 This protein interaction prevented MdERF2 from interacting with MdERF3 and from binding to the MdACS1 promoter, leading to increased transcription of MdACS1 Collectively, these results indicate that JA promotes ethylene biosynthesis through the regulation of MdERFs and ethylene biosynthetic genes by MdMYC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yaxiu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinglin Ji
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Aide Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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76
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Isolation and characterization of the TaSnRK2.10 gene and its association with agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174425. [PMID: 28355304 PMCID: PMC5371334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) comprise a major family of signaling genes in plants and are associated with metabolic regulation, nutrient utilization and stress responses. This gene family has been proposed to be involved in sucrose signaling. In the present study, we cloned three copies of the TaSnRK2.10 gene from bread wheat on chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D. The coding sequence (CDS) is 1086 bp in length and encodes a protein of 361 amino acids that exhibits functional domains shared with SnRK2s. Based on the haplotypes of TaSnRK2.10-4A (Hap-4A-H and Hap-4A-L), a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker designated TaSnRK2.10-4A-CAPS was developed and mapped between the markers D-1092101 and D-100014232 using a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The TaSnRK2.10-4B alleles (Hap-4B-G and Hap-4B-A) were transformed into allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) markers TaSnRK2.10-4B-AS1 and TaSnRK2.10-4B-AS2, which were located between the markers D-1281577 and S-1862758. No diversity was found for TaSnRK2.10-4D. An association analysis using a natural population consisting of 128 winter wheat varieties in multiple environments showed that the thousand grain weight (TGW) and spike length (SL) of Hap-4A-H were significantly higher than those of Hap-4A-L, but pant height (PH) was significantly lower.
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77
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Jia H, Xie Z, Wang C, Shangguan L, Qian N, Cui M, Liu Z, Zheng T, Wang M, Fang J. Abscisic acid, sucrose, and auxin coordinately regulate berry ripening process of the Fujiminori grape. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 17:441-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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78
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Wang QH, Zhao C, Zhang M, Li YZ, Shen YY, Guo JX. Transcriptome analysis around the onset of strawberry fruit ripening uncovers an important role of oxidative phosphorylation in ripening. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41477. [PMID: 28195221 PMCID: PMC5307319 DOI: 10.1038/srep41477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much progress has been made towards understanding the ripening of non-climacteric fruit using the strawberry as a model plant, the defined molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, RNA-sequencing was performed using four cDNA libraries around the onset of ripening, and a total of 31,793 unigenes and 335 pathways were annotated including the top five pathways, which were involved in ribosome, spliceosome, protein processing, plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signaling, and the important DEGs related to ripening were annotated to be mainly involved in protein translation and processing, sugar metabolism, energy metabolism, phytohormones, antioxidation, pigment and softening, especially finding a decreased trend of oxidative phosphorylation during red-coloring. VIGS-mediated downregulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase gene PDHE1α, a key gene for glycolysis-derived oxidative phosphorylation, could inhibit respiration and ATP biosynthesis, whilst promote the accumulation of sugar, ABA, ETH, and PA, ultimately accelerating the ripening. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a set of metabolism transition occurred during green-to-white-to-red stages that are coupled with more-to-less DEGs, and the oxidative phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of ripening. On the basis of our results, we discuss an oxidative phosphorylation-based model underlying strawberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Beijing Yuanquanyike Biological Technology Company, Beijing 100197, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Li
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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79
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Chen P, Sun YF, Kai WB, Liang B, Zhang YS, Zhai XW, Jiang L, Du YW, Leng P. Interactions of ABA signaling core components (SlPYLs, SlPP2Cs, and SlSnRK2s) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 205:67-74. [PMID: 27626883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates fruit development and ripening via its signaling. However, the exact role of ABA signaling core components in fruit have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the potential interactions of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) ABA signaling core components using yeast two-hybrid analysis, with or without ABA at different concentrations. The results showed that among 12 PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors (SlPYLs), SlPYL1, SlPYL2, SlPYL4, SlPYL5, SlPYL 7, SlPYL8, SlPYL9, SlPYL10, SlPYL11, and SlPYL13 were ABA-dependent receptors, while SlPYL3 and SlPYL12 were ABA-independent receptors. Among five SlPP2Cs (type 2C protein phosphatases) and seven SlSnRK2s (subfamily 2 of SNF1-related kinases), all SlSnRK2s could interact with SlPP2C2, while SlSnRK2.8 also interacted with SlPP2C3. SlSnRK2.5 could interact with SlABF2/4 (ABA-responsive element binding factors). Expressions of SlPYL1, SlPYL2, SlPYL8, and SlPYL10 were upregulated under exogenous ABA but downregulated under nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) at the mature green stage of fruit ripening. The expressions of SlPP2C1, SlPP2C2, SlPP2C3, and SlPP2C5 were upregulated in ABA-treated fruit, but downregulated in NDGA-treated fruit at the mature green stage. The expressions of SlSnRK2.4, SlSnRK2.5, SlSnRK2.6, and SlSnRK2.7 were upregulated by ABA, but downregulated by NDGA. However, SlSnRK2.2 was down regulated by ABA. Expression of SlABF2/3/4 was enhanced by ABA but decreased by NDGA. Based on these results, we concluded that the majority of ABA receptor PYLs interact with SlPP2Cs in an ABA-dependent manner. SlPP2C2 and SlPP2C3 can interact with SlSnRK2s. SlSnRK2.5 could interact with SlABF2/4. Most ABA signaling core components respond to exogenous ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu-Fei Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Kai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu-Shu Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xia-Wan Zhai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yang-Wei Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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80
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Jia H, Jiu S, Zhang C, Wang C, Tariq P, Liu Z, Wang B, Cui L, Fang J. Abscisic acid and sucrose regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening through the abscisic acid-stress-ripening transcription factor. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2045-65. [PMID: 27005823 PMCID: PMC5043491 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although great progress has been made towards understanding the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose in fruit ripening, the mechanisms underlying the ABA and sucrose signalling pathways remain elusive. In this study, transcription factor ABA-stress-ripening (ASR), which is involved in the transduction of ABA and sucrose signalling pathways, was isolated and analysed in the nonclimacteric fruit, strawberry and the climacteric fruit, tomato. We have identified four ASR isoforms in tomato and one in strawberry. All ASR sequences contained the ABA stress- and ripening-induced proteins and water-deficit stress-induced proteins (ABA/WDS) domain and all ASR transcripts showed increased expression during fruit development. The expression of the ASR gene was influenced not only by sucrose and ABA, but also by jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and these four factors were correlated with each other during fruit development. ASR bound the hexose transporter (HT) promoter, which contained a sugar box that activated downstream gene expression. Overexpression of the ASR gene promoted fruit softening and ripening, whereas RNA interference delayed fruit ripening, as well as affected fruit physiological changes. Change in ASR gene expression influenced the expression of several ripening-related genes such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, PG, PL, EXP1/2, XET16, Cel1/2 and PME. Taken together, this study may provide new evidence on the important role of ASR in cross-signalling between ABA and sucrose to regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening. The findings of this study also provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pervaiz Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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81
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Zhang Q, Jia M, Xing Y, Qin L, Li B, Jia W. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MRLK Family Genes Associated with Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Fruit Ripening and Abiotic Stress Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163647. [PMID: 27685863 PMCID: PMC5042409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malectin-like domain-containing receptor-like kinases (MRLK) constitute a large and divergent family of proteins in plants; however, little is known about the role of MRLKs in fruit growth and development. In this study, we characterized MRLK family genes in diploid strawberry, Fragaria vesca. Based on an analysis of malectin-like domain and a search in the strawberry genome and NCBI database, we identified 62 FvMRLKs in the strawberry genome, and classified these genes into six subfamilies with distinct malectin domains in the extracellular regions of the encoded proteins. Gene expression analysis indicated that more than 80% of the FvMRLKs were expressed in various tissues, with higher levels in roots than in other organs. Thirty-three FvMRLKs were found to be expressed in fruits during the early stages of development, and over 60% of these exhibited dramatic decreases in expression during fruit growth and development. Moreover, the expression of some FvMRLKs was sensitive to both environmental and internal cues that play critical roles in regulating strawberry fruit development and ripening. Collectively, this study provides valuable insight into the FvMRLKs gene family and its role in regulating strawberry fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative innovation center for eco-environmental improvement with forestry and fruit trees, Beijing, China
| | - Meiru Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xing
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative innovation center for eco-environmental improvement with forestry and fruit trees, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative innovation center for eco-environmental improvement with forestry and fruit trees, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WJ); (LQ)
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WJ); (LQ)
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82
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Wei W, Hu Y, Cui MY, Han YT, Gao K, Feng JY. Identification and Transcript Analysis of the TCP Transcription Factors in the Diploid Woodland Strawberry Fragaria vesca. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1937. [PMID: 28066489 PMCID: PMC5177655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors play versatile functions in multiple processes of plant growth and development. However, no systematic study has been performed in strawberry. In this study, 19 FvTCP genes were identified in the diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) accession Heilongjiang-3. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the FvTCP genes were classified into two main classes, with the second class further divided into two subclasses, which was supported by the exon-intron organizations and the conserved motif structures. Promoter analysis revealed various cis-acting elements related to growth and development, hormone and/or stress responses. We analyzed FvTCP gene transcript accumulation patterns in different tissues and fruit developmental stages. Among them, 12 FvTCP genes exhibited distinct tissue-specific transcript accumulation patterns. Eleven FvTCP genes were down-regulated in different fruit developmental stages, while five FvTCP genes were up-regulated. Transcripts of FvTCP genes also varied with different subcultural propagation periods and were induced by hormone treatments and biotic and abiotic stresses. Subcellular localization analysis showed that six FvTCP-GFP fusion proteins showed distinct localizations in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Notably, transient over-expression of FvTCP9 in strawberry fruits dramatically affected the expression of a series of genes implicated in fruit development and ripening. Taken together, the present study may provide the basis for functional studies to reveal the role of this gene family in strawberry growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureShaanxi, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureShaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Tao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi, China
| | - Kuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureShaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureShaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-Yue Feng,
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83
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Yoshida T, Mogami J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Omics Approaches Toward Defining the Comprehensive Abscisic Acid Signaling Network in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1043-52. [PMID: 25917608 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ABA is a plant hormone that plays crucial roles in controlling cellular and physiological responses to osmotic stress and in developmental processes. Endogenous ABA levels are increased in response to a decrease in water availability in cells, and ABA sensing and signaling are thought to be mediated according to the current model established in Arabidopsis thaliana, which involves pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory components of ABA receptor (RCAR), protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2). These core components of ABA signaling have a pivotal role in stress-responsive gene expression and stomatal regulation. However, because a limited number of their upstream and downstream factors have been characterized, it is still difficult to define the comprehensive network of ABA signaling in plants. This review focuses on current progress in the study of PYR/PYL/RCARs, PP2Cs and SnRK2s, with particular emphasis on omics approaches, such as interactome and phosphoproteome studies. Moreover, the role of ABA in plant growth and development is discussed based on recent metabolomic profiling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Junro Mogami
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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