51
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Bajpai A, Khan K, Muthukumar M, Rajan S, Singh NK. Molecular analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes and their differential expression in mango peel. Genome 2018; 61:157-166. [PMID: 29338343 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mango fruit is cherished by masses for its taste and nutrition, contributed by color, flavor, and aroma. Among these, peel color is an important trait contributing to fruit quality and market value. We attempted to elucidate the role of key genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway related to fruit peel color from the leaf transcriptome of mango cultivar Amrapali. A total of 108 mined transcript sequences were assigned to the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway from which 15 contigs representing anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were annotated. Alternate splice variants were identified by mapping against genes of Citrus clementina and Vitis vinifera (closest relatives) and protein subcellular localization was determined. Phylogenetic analysis of these pathway genes clustered them into distinct groups aligning with homologous genes of Magnifera indica, C. clementina, and V. vinifera. Expression profiling revealed higher relative fold expressions in mature fruit peel of red-colored varieties (Arunika, Ambika, and Tommy Atkins) in comparison with the green-peeled Amrapali. MiCHS, MiCHI, and MiF3H alternate splice variants revealed differential gene expression. Functionally divergent variants indicate availability of an allelic pool programmed to play critical roles in peel color. This study provides insight into the molecular genetic basis of peel color and offers scope for development of biomarkers in varietal improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Bajpai
- a ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow-226101, India
| | - Kasim Khan
- a ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow-226101, India
| | - M Muthukumar
- a ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow-226101, India
| | - S Rajan
- a ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow-226101, India
| | - N K Singh
- b ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India
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Peng M, Shahzad R, Gul A, Subthain H, Shen S, Lei L, Zheng Z, Zhou J, Lu D, Wang S, Nishawy E, Liu X, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Luo J. Differentially evolved glucosyltransferases determine natural variation of rice flavone accumulation and UV-tolerance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1975. [PMID: 29213047 PMCID: PMC5719032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decoration of phytochemicals contributes to the majority of metabolic diversity in nature, whereas how this process alters the biological functions of their precursor molecules remains to be investigated. Flavones, an important yet overlooked subclass of flavonoids, are most commonly conjugated with sugar moieties by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Here, we report that the natural variation of rice flavones is mainly determined by OsUGT706D1 (flavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase) and OsUGT707A2 (flavone 5-O-glucosyltransferase). UV-B exposure and transgenic evaluation demonstrate that their allelic variation contributes to UV-B tolerance in nature. Biochemical characterization of over 40 flavonoid UGTs reveals their differential evolution in angiosperms. These combined data provide biochemical insight and genetic regulation into flavone biosynthesis and additionally suggest that adoption of the positive alleles of these genes into breeding programs will likely represent a potential strategy aimed at producing stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Raheel Shahzad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ambreen Gul
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hizar Subthain
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangqian Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhigang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Desert Research Center, Genetics Resource Department, Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, Cairo, 11735, Egypt
| | - Xianqing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 572208, China.
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Yao G, Ming M, Allan AC, Gu C, Li L, Wu X, Wang R, Chang Y, Qi K, Zhang S, Wu J. Map-based cloning of the pear gene MYB114 identifies an interaction with other transcription factors to coordinately regulate fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:437-451. [PMID: 28845529 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Red fruits are popular and widely accepted by consumers because of an enhanced appearance and enriched anthocyanins. The molecular mechanism of anthocyanin regulation in red-skinned pear (Pyrus) has been studied, and the genes encoding the biosynthetic steps and several transcription factors (TFs) have been characterized. In this study, a candidate R2R3 MYB TF, PyMYB114, was identified by linkage to the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for red skin color on linkage group 5 in a population of Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). The function of PyMYB114 was verified by transient transformation in tobacco (Nicotinana tabacum) leaves and strawberry (Fragaria) and pear fruits, resulting in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. Suppression of PyMYB114 could inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-skinned pears. The ERF/AP2 TF PyERF3 was found to interact with PyMYB114 and its partner PybHLH3 to co-regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, as shown by a dual luciferase reporter system and a yeast two-hybrid assay. In addition, the transcript abundance of PyMYB114 and PyMYB10 were correlated, and co-transformation of these two genes into tobacco and strawberry led to enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis. This interaction network provides insight into the coloration of fruits and the interaction of different TFs to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifang Yao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meiling Ming
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chao Gu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Leiting Li
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaojun Chang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Liu F, Du L, Lan Z, Gao J. Hydrogen bond dynamics governs the effective photoprotection mechanism of plant phenolic sunscreens. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:211-219. [PMID: 27982141 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sinapic acid derivatives are important sunscreen species in natural plants, which could provide protection from solar UV radiation. Using a combination of ultrafast excited state dynamics, together with classical molecular dynamics studies, we demonstrate that there is direct coupling of hydrogen bond motion with excited state photoprotection dynamics as part of the basic mechanism in solution. Beyond the intra-molecular degree of freedom, the inter-molecular motions on all timescales are potentially important for the photochemical or photophysical events, ranging from the ultrafast hydrogen bond motion to solvent rearrangements. This provides not only an enhanced understanding of the anomalous experimental spectroscopic results, but also the key idea in the development of sunscreen agents with improved photo-chemical properties. We suggest that the hydrogen bond dynamics coupled excited state photoprotection mechanism may also be possible in a broad range of bio-related molecules in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Likai Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
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Liu Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Abozeid A, Tian DM, Zhang XN, Tang ZH. The Different Resistance of Two Astragalus Plants to UV-B Stress is Tightly Associated with the Organ-specific Isoflavone Metabolism. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 94:115-125. [PMID: 28881500 DOI: 10.1111/php.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the changes in isoflavone levels and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis were studied in two Astragalus by UPLC-MS and real-time PCR after 10 days of UV-B treatment (λmax = 313 nm, 804 J m-2 ). Isoflavones were significantly induced by UV-B irradiation. The influence might be activated by the regulation of these target genes. Our results indicate that (1) the resistance of Astragalus membranaceus might not be as good as Astragalus mongholicus in the enhanced UV-B radiation environment; (2) the enhanced accumulation of calycosin and calycosin-7-glucoside with UV-B treatment in roots of A. mongholicus might be derived from formononetin which is synthesized in the leaves; (3) the glycosylation process could be stimulated and activated by the enhanced UV-B radiation in both A. mongholicus and A. membranaceus. In other words, glycosylation of isoflavones might play a crucial role for two Astragalus plants in response to UV-B stress. Overall, this study offered a feasible elicitation strategy to understand the accumulation pattern of isoflavone in A. mongholicus and A. membranaceus, and also provided a reference for the changes in isoflavone levels of Astragalus in UV-B enhanced environment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom, Egypt
| | - Dong-Mei Tian
- Heilongjiang Province Institute for Food and Drug Control, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Institute for Food and Drug Control, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Suthaparan A, Solhaug KA, Stensvand A, Gislerød HR. Daily light integral and day light quality: Potentials and pitfalls of nighttime UV treatments on cucumber powdery mildew. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 175:141-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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57
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Zhang L, Li X, Ma B, Gao Q, Du H, Han Y, Li Y, Cao Y, Qi M, Zhu Y, Lu H, Ma M, Liu L, Zhou J, Nan C, Qin Y, Wang J, Cui L, Liu H, Liang C, Qiao Z. The Tartary Buckwheat Genome Provides Insights into Rutin Biosynthesis and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1224-1237. [PMID: 28866080 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an important pseudocereal crop that is strongly adapted to growth in adverse environments. Its gluten-free grain contains complete proteins with a well-balanced composition of essential amino acids and is a rich source of beneficial phytochemicals that provide significant health benefits. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-scale Tartary buckwheat genome sequence of 489.3 Mb that is assembled by combining whole-genome shotgun sequencing of both Illumina short reads and single-molecule real-time long reads, sequence tags of a large DNA insert fosmid library, Hi-C sequencing data, and BioNano genome maps. We annotated 33 366 high-confidence protein-coding genes based on expression evidence. Comparisons of the intra-genome with the sugar beet genome revealed an independent whole-genome duplication that occurred in the buckwheat lineage after they diverged from the common ancestor, which was not shared with rosids or asterids. The reference genome facilitated the identification of many new genes predicted to be involved in rutin biosynthesis and regulation, aluminum stress resistance, and in drought and cold stress responses. Our data suggest that Tartary buckwheat's ability to tolerate high levels of abiotic stress is attributed to the expansion of several gene families involved in signal transduction, gene regulation, and membrane transport. The availability of these genomic resources will facilitate the discovery of agronomically and nutritionally important genes and genetic improvement of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huilong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China; College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingchuan Ma
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Chenghu Nan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yongjun Qin
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lin Cui
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhijun Qiao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, China.
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Xu Z, Mahmood K, Rothstein SJ. ROS Induces Anthocyanin Production Via Late Biosynthetic Genes and Anthocyanin Deficiency Confers the Hypersensitivity to ROS-Generating Stresses in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1364-1377. [PMID: 28586465 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are known to have antioxidant activities. Their accumulation can be triggered by many chemical and environmental factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanism of ROS-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the role of anthocyanins in the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to different stresses are largely unknown. Here, we study the cross-regulation between ROS and anthocyanin production. Ten Arabidopsis mutants covering the main anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic genes are systematically analyzed under ROS-generating stresses. We find that ROS triggers anthocyanin accumulation by up-regulating the anthocyanin late biosynthetic and the corresponding regulatory genes. The anthocyanin-deficient mutants have more endogenous ROS and are more sensitive to ROS-generating stresses while having decreased antioxidant capacity. Supplementation with cyanidin makes them less susceptible to ROS, with increased anthocyanin and reduced ROS accumulation. In contrast, pap1-D, which overaccumulates anthocyanins, shows the opposite responses. Gene expression analysis reveals that photosynthetic capacity is more impaired in anthocyanin-deficient mutants under high-light stress. Expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzyme genes are not correlated with the radical-scavenging activity in different mutants. We conclude that ROS are an important source signal to induce anthocyanin accumulation by up-regulating late biosynthetic and the corresponding regulatory genes and, as a feed-back regulation, anthocyanins modulate the ROS level and the sensitivity to ROS-generating stresses in maintaining photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kashif Mahmood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Luengo Escobar A, Alberdi M, Acevedo P, Machado M, Nunes-Nesi A, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Reyes-Díaz M. Distinct physiological and metabolic reprogramming by highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivars revealed during long-term UV-B radiation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:46-64. [PMID: 27943328 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the Montreal protocol and the eventual recovery of the ozone layer over Antarctica, there are still concerns about increased levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in the Southern Hemisphere. UV-B induces physiological, biochemical and morphological stress responses in plants, which are species-specific and different even for closely related cultivars. In woody plant species, understanding of long-term mechanisms to cope with UV-B-induced stress is limited. Therefore, a greenhouse UV-B daily course simulation was performed for 21 days with two blueberry cultivars (Legacy and Bluegold) under UV-BBE irradiance doses of 0, 0.07 and 0.19 W m-2 . Morphological changes, photosynthetic performance, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and metabolic features were evaluated. We found that both cultivars behaved differently under UV-B exposure, with Legacy being a UV-B-resistant cultivar. Interestingly, Legacy used a combined strategy: initially, in the first week of exposure its photoprotective compounds increased, coping with the intake of UV-B radiation (avoidance strategy), and then, increasing its antioxidant capacity. These strategies proved to be UV-B radiation dose dependent. The avoidance strategy is triggered early under high UV-B radiation in Legacy. Moreover, the rapid metabolic reprogramming capacity of this cultivar, in contrast to Bluegold, seems to be the most relevant contribution to its UV-B stress-coping strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Miren Alberdi
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
| | - Patricio Acevedo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4012, Chile
| | - Mariana Machado
- Max Planck Partner Group at Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Partner Group at Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, 56-D, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 54-D, Chile
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Hu W, Zhang H, Zhang X, Chen H, Tang M. Characterization of six PHT1 members in Lycium barbarum and their response to arbuscular mycorrhiza and water stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:351-366. [PMID: 28062728 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is vitally important for most plant processes. However, the P available to plants is present in the soil in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi), and is often present in only limited amounts. Water stress further reduces Pi availability. Previous studies have highlighted the important roles of members of the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1 (PHT1) family and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations for Pi acquisition by plants growing in various environments. In order to understand the Pi uptake of Lycium barbarumL., a drought-tolerant ligneous species belonging to the Solanaceae family, we cloned and characterized six L. barbarum genes encoding transporter proteins belonging to the PHT1 family, and investigated their transcriptional response to AM associations and water stress. The six cloned PHT1 genes of L. barbarum had a similar evolutionary history to that of PHT1 genes found in other Solanaceae species. Three of these genes (LbPT3, LbPT4 and LbPT5) were AM-induced; the other three genes (LbPT1, LbPT2 and LbPT7) played distinct roles in Pi acquisition, translocation and remobilization in roots and leaves. AM-induced PHT1 genes maintained their function under water stress, while moderate and severe water stress upregulated non-AM-induced PHT1 genes in roots and leaves, respectively. Moreover, although LbPT1 was upregulated in AM roots under water stress, LbPT2 and LbPT7 were inhibited in AM roots, which suggested that an AM association satisfied the demand for Pi in roots under water stress and that LbPT1 may play a role in translocating Pi from roots to shoots in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of leaves from Clematis terniflora DC. under high level of ultraviolet-B irradiation followed by dark treatment. J Proteomics 2017; 150:323-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rodrigues NDN, Staniforth M, Stavros VG. Photophysics of sunscreen molecules in the gas phase: a stepwise approach towards understanding and developing next-generation sunscreens. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20160677. [PMID: 27956888 PMCID: PMC5134319 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and skin cancer urges the need for extra photoprotection, which is presently provided by widespread commercially available sunscreen lotions. Apart from having a large absorption cross section in the UVA and UVB regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, the chemical absorbers in these photoprotective products should also be able to dissipate the excess energy in a safe way, i.e. without releasing photoproducts or inducing any further, harmful, photochemistry. While sunscreens are tested for both their photoprotective capability and dermatological compatibility, phenomena occurring at the molecular level upon absorption of UV radiation are largely overlooked. To date, there is only a limited amount of information regarding the photochemistry and photophysics of these sunscreen molecules. However, a thorough understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms by which popular sunscreen molecular constituents dissipate excess energy has the potential to aid in the design of more efficient, safer sunscreens. In this review, we explore the potential of using gas-phase frequency- and time-resolved spectroscopies in an effort to better understand the photoinduced excited-state dynamics, or photodynamics, of sunscreen molecules. Complementary computational studies are also briefly discussed. Finally, the future outlook of expanding these gas-phase studies into the solution phase is considered.
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Mejía-Giraldo JC, Winkler R, Gallardo C, Sánchez-Zapata AM, Puertas-Mejía MA. Photoprotective Potential ofBaccharis antioquensis(Asteraceae) as Natural Sunscreen. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:742-52. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Mejía-Giraldo
- Research Group on Functional Compounds; Institute of Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry; CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato; Irapuato Mexico
| | - Cecilia Gallardo
- Group Stability of Drugs, Cosmetics and Food; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Ana M. Sánchez-Zapata
- Research Group on Functional Compounds; Institute of Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Miguel A. Puertas-Mejía
- Research Group on Functional Compounds; Institute of Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
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Jiao C, Yang R, Zhou Y, Gu Z. Nitric oxide mediates isoflavone accumulation and the antioxidant system enhancement in soybean sprouts. Food Chem 2016; 204:373-380. [PMID: 26988515 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationships between endogenous NO signal transduction pathways, the antioxidant system and isoflavone accumulation induced by UV-B radiation in soybean sprouts. Results showed that UV-B-triggered NO generation induced isoflavone accumulation by up-regulating the activity and gene expression of key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL; chalcone isomerase, CHI; chalcone synthase, CHS; isoflavone synthase, IFS) that participate in isoflavone biosynthesis and enhanced the antioxidant system by regulating levels of antioxidants (glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione S-transferase, GST; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; glutathione GSH; ascorbic acid, ASC), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT) and their gene expression. These effects were inhibited by the addition of a specific NO-scavenger, carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO). The inhibition was reversed through application of the exogenous NO donor, SNP. Overall, NO is an essential signaling molecule, mediating UV-B-induced isoflavone accumulation and the antioxidant system enhancement in soybean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Jiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
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65
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Lou YS, Wu L, Lixuan R, Meng Y, Shidi Z, Huaiwei Z, Yiwei Z. Effects of silicon application on diurnal variations of physiological properties of rice leaves of plants at the heading stage under elevated UV-B radiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:311-318. [PMID: 26190285 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of silicon (Si) application on diurnal variations of photosynthetic and transpiration physiological parameters in potted rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nanjing 45) at the heading stage. The plants were subjected to two UV-B radiation levels, i.e., reference UV-B (A, ambient, 12.0 kJ m(-2) day(-1)) and elevated UV-B radiation (E, a 20% higher dose of UV-B than the reference, 14.4 kJ m(-2) day(-1)), and four Si application levels, i.e., Si0 (no silicon supplementation, 0 kg SiO2 ha(-1)), Si1 (sodium silicate, 100 kg SiO2 ha(-1)), Si2 (sodium silicate, 200 kg SiO2 ha(-1)), and Si3 (slag silicon fertilizer, 200 kg SiO2 ha(-1)). Compared with the reference, elevated UV-B radiation decreased the diurnal mean values of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductivity (Gs), and water use efficiency (WUE) by 11.3, 5.5, 10.4, 20.3, and 6.3%, respectively, in plants not supplemented with silicon (Si0), and decreased the above parameters by 3.8-5.5, 0.7-4.8, 4.0-8.7, 7.4-20.2, and 0.7-5.9%, respectively, in plants treated with silicon (Si1, Si2, and Si3), indicating that silicon application mitigates the negative effects of elevated UV-B radiation. Under elevated UV-B radiation, silicon application (Si1, Si2, and Si3) increased the diurnal mean values of Pn, Ci, Gs, and WUE by 16.9-28.0, 3.5-14.3, 16.8-38.7, and 29.0-51.2%, respectively, but decreased Tr by 1.9-10.8%, compared with plants not treated with silicon (E+Si0), indicating that silicon application mitigates the negative effects of elevated UV-B radiation by significantly increasing the P n, C i, G s, and WUE and decreasing the T r of rice. Evident differences existed in mitigating the depressive effects of elevated UV-B radiation on diurnal variations of physiological parameters among different silicon application treatments, exhibiting as Si3>Si2>Si1>Si0. In addition to recycling steel industrial wastes, the application of slag silicon fertilizer mitigates the negative effects of elevated UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and transpiration in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-sheng Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Ren Lixuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhao Shidi
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhu Huaiwei
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhang Yiwei
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Guo H, Wen R, Liu Z, Datla R, Xiao W. Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Two Brachypodium distachyon UBC13 Genes Whose Products Promote K63-Linked Polyubiquitination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1222. [PMID: 26779244 PMCID: PMC4703986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are constantly subject to DNA damage from environmental sources. Due to the sessile nature of plants, UV irradiation is a major genotoxic agent and imposes a significant threat on plant survival, genome stability and crop yield. In addition, other environmental chemicals can also influence the stability of the plant genome. Eukaryotic organisms have evolved a mechanism to cope with replication-blocking lesions and stabilize the genome. This mechanism is known as error-free DNA damage tolerance, and is mediated by K63-linked PCNA polyubiquitination. Genes related to K63-linked polyubiquitination have been isolated recently from model plants like Arabidopsis and rice, but we are unaware of such reports on the crop model Brachypodium distachyon. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two B. distachyon UBC13 genes. Both Ubc13s form heterodimers with Uevs from other species, which are capable of catalyzing K63 polyubiquitination in vitro. Both genes can functionally rescue the yeast ubc13 null mutant from killing by DNA-damaging agents. These results suggest that Ubc13-Uev-promoted K63-linked polyubiquitination is highly conserved in eukaryotes including B. distachyon. Consistent with recent findings that K63-linked polyubiquitination is involved in several developmental and stress-responsive pathways, the expression of BdUbc13s appears to be constitutive and is regulated by abnormal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Rui Wen
- National Research Council CanadaSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council CanadaSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
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67
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Baker LA, Horbury MD, Greenough SE, Allais F, Walsh PS, Habershon S, Stavros VG. Ultrafast Photoprotecting Sunscreens in Natural Plants. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:56-61. [PMID: 26654715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We explore the ultrafast photoprotective properties of a series of sinapic acid derivatives in a range of solvents, utilizing femtosecond transient electronic absorption spectroscopy. We find that a primary relaxation mechanism displayed by the plant sunscreen sinapoyl malate and other related molecular species may be understood as a multistep process involving internal conversion of the initially photoexcited 1(1)ππ* state along a trans-cis photoisomerization coordinate, leading to the repopulation of the original trans ground-state isomer or the formation of a stable cis isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florent Allais
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech , F-51100 Reims, France
- UMR GMPA, AgroParisTech, INRA , F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
- UMR IJPB, AgroParisTech, INRA , F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Patrick S Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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68
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Commisso M, Toffali K, Strazzer P, Stocchero M, Ceoldo S, Baldan B, Levi M, Guzzo F. Impact of Phenylpropanoid Compounds on Heat Stress Tolerance in Carrot Cell Cultures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1439. [PMID: 27713760 PMCID: PMC5031593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid and flavonoid families include thousands of specialized metabolites that influence a wide range of processes in plants, including seed dispersal, auxin transport, photoprotection, mechanical support and protection against insect herbivory. Such metabolites play a key role in the protection of plants against abiotic stress, in many cases through their well-known ability to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the precise role of specific phenylpropanoid and flavonoid molecules is unclear. We therefore investigated the role of specific anthocyanins (ACs) and other phenylpropanoids that accumulate in carrot cells cultivated in vitro, focusing on their supposed ability to protect cells from heat stress. First we characterized the effects of heat stress to identify quantifiable morphological traits as markers of heat stress susceptibility. We then fed the cultures with precursors to induce the targeted accumulation of specific compounds, and compared the impact of heat stress in these cultures and unfed controls. Data modeling based on projection to latent structures (PLS) regression revealed that metabolites containing coumaric or caffeic acid, including ACs, correlate with less heat damage. Further experiments suggested that one of the cellular targets damaged by heat stress and protected by these metabolites is the actin microfilament cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Ketti Toffali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Pamela Strazzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Ceoldo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | - Marisa Levi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Flavia Guzzo,
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69
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Mejía-Giraldo JC, Henao-Zuluaga K, Gallardo C, Atehortúa L, Puertas-Mejía MA. NovelIn VitroAntioxidant and Photoprotection Capacity of Plants from High Altitude Ecosystems of Colombia. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 92:150-7. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Mejía-Giraldo
- Research Group on Functional Compounds; Institute of Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Kelly Henao-Zuluaga
- Research Group on Functional Compounds; Institute of Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Cecilia Gallardo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Lucia Atehortúa
- Biotechnology Group; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Miguel A. Puertas-Mejía
- Research Group on Functional Compounds; Institute of Chemistry; University of Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
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70
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Sztatelman O, Grzyb J, Gabryś H, Banaś AK. The effect of UV-B on Arabidopsis leaves depends on light conditions after treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:281. [PMID: 26608826 PMCID: PMC4660668 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation can influence many cellular processes. Irradiation with high UV-B doses causes chlorophyll degradation, a decrease in the expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and its subsequent inhibition. On the other hand, sublethal doses of UV-B are used in post-harvest technology to prevent yellowing in storage. To address this inconsistency the effect of short, high-dose UV-B irradiation on detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was examined. RESULTS Two different experimental models were used. After short treatment with a high dose of UV-B the Arabidopsis leaves were either put into darkness or exposed to constant light for up to 4 days. UV-B inhibited dark-induced chlorophyll degradation in Arabidopsis leaves in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of photosynthesis-related genes, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency were higher in UV-B -treated leaves left in darkness. UV-B treatment followed by constant light caused leaf yellowing and induced the expression of senescence-related genes. Irrespective of light treatment a high UV-B dose led to clearly visible cell death 3 days after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS High doses of UV-B have opposing effects on leaves depending on their light status after UV treatment. In darkened leaves short UV-B treatment delays the appearance of senescence symptoms. When followed by light treatment, the same doses of UV-B result in chlorophyll degradation. This restricts the potential usability of UV treatment in postharvest technology to crops which are stored in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sztatelman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
- Current address: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, 02-106, Poland.
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Laboratory of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warszawa, 02-668, Poland.
| | - Halina Gabryś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
- The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
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71
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Singh S, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Responses of pea plants to elevated UV-B radiation at varying nutrient levels: N-metabolism, carbohydrate pool, total phenolics and yield. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:1045-1056. [PMID: 32480744 DOI: 10.1071/fp15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of elevated UV-B (280-315nm) were assessed on nitrogen metabolism, carbohydrate pool, total phenolics, photosynthetic pigments, UV-B absorbing compounds, variables related to oxidative stress, biomass and yield of pea plants grown under various levels of NPK. The NPK levels assayed were: background NPK level (F0); recommended NPK (F1) and recommended NK+1.5×recommended P (F2) and the UV-B levels were: control (C) and elevated (T). The responses of T plants varied with different combinations of NPK. Yield reduced under elevated UV-B at all NPK levels with maximum reduction in F0T and minimum reduction in F1T. Leghaemoglobin content was reduced under elevated UV-B at all NPK levels. Maximum increase in malondialdehyde content recorded in F0T plants corresponded with higher superoxide and hydrogen peroxide contents. Nitrite reductase activity decreased significantly under UV-B at all NPK levels, but nitrate reductase activity increased significantly in F1T and F2T. Maximum reduction in C:N ratio of leaves in F2T plants suggests competition between sucrose synthesis and nitrate reduction under additional P level. The study concludes that application of recommended level of NPK caused least changes in N metabolism leading to minimum yield losses due to elevated UV-B stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Singh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Shashi B Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Mejía-Giraldo JC, Gallardo C, Puertas-Mejía MA. In vitro photoprotection and antioxidant capacity of Sphagnum meridense extracts, a novel source of natural sunscreen from the mountains of Colombia. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Excessive ultraviolet radiation can cause skin cancer and related health problems in humans. Traditionally, organic and inorganic sunscreens have been used to minimize these effects. Besides, some phenolic compounds present in plants play an important role as photoprotectors. Sphagnum meridense (L), found in Colombia, is continuously exposed to sunlight on high mountain ecosystems. In this work, we evaluated the potential of S. meridense extracts to be applied as UVA-UVB filter in cosmetic formulations and its antioxidant capacity. The mixture acetone-37% hydrochloric acid (1%, v/v) showed the best polyphenol content and UVA-UVB absorption coefficient. These extracts also exhibited promissory UVAPF values, UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength (λc) and antioxidant capacity in vitro, comparable to that of conventional sunscreens.
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73
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Yang Y, Yao G, Yue W, Zhang S, Wu J. Transcriptome profiling reveals differential gene expression in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis associated with red/green skin color mutant of pear (Pyrus communis L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:795. [PMID: 26483812 PMCID: PMC4588701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin concentration is the key determinant for red skin color in pear fruit. However, the molecular basis for development of red skin is complicated and has not been well-understood thus far. "Starkrimson" (Pyrus communis L.), an introduced red pear cultivated in the north of China and its green mutant provides a desirable red/green pair for identification of candidate genes involved in color variation. Here, we sequenced and annotated the transcriptome for the red/green color mutant at three stages of development using Illumina RNA-seq technology. The total number of mapped reads ranged from 26 to 46 million in six libraries. About 70.11-71.95% of clean reads could be mapped to the reference genome. Compared with green colored fruit, a total of 2230 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in red fruit. Gene Ontology (GO) terms were defined for 4886 differential transcripts involved in 15 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three DEGs were identified as candidate genes in the flavonoid pathway, LAR, ANR, and C3H. Tellingly, higher expression was found for genes encoding ANR and LAR in the green color mutant, promoting the proanthocyanidin (PA) pathway and leading to lower anthocyanin. MYB-binding cis-motifs were identified in the promoter region of LAR and ANR. Based on these findings, we speculate that the regulation of PA biosynthesis might be a key factor for this red/green color mutant. Besides the known MYB and MADS transcription families, two new families, AP2 and WRKY, were identified as having high correlation with anthocyanin biosynthesis in red skinned pear. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to confirm the transcriptome results for 17 DEGs, high correlation of gene expression, further proved that AP2 and WARK regulated the anthocyanin biosynthesis in red skinned "Starkrimson," and ANR and LAR promote PA biosynthesis and contribute to the green skinned variant. This study can serve as a valuable new resource laying a solid foundation for functional gene identification in the anthocyanin pathway of red-skinned pear and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in other pear species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Gaifang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wenquan Yue
- Pear Fruit Research Centre, Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesChangli, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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74
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Król A, Amarowicz R, Weidner S. The effects of cold stress on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 189:97-104. [PMID: 26555272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
According to some estimates, a 70% increase in crop yield could be achieved if the environmental conditions were close to the optimum ones for a given plant, which is why the identification and control of adverse environmental effects is a top priority in many countries worldwide. This paper contains a discussion of the changes in selected elements of the secondary metabolism in the leaves of two grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) with a different degree of tolerance to cold stress during prolonged and constant low temperature stress. The analyses have shown that the more-tolerant variety was characterized by a higher content of phenolic compounds, better radical-scavenging capacity and stronger reducing power. However, the cold stress caused a decrease in the concentration of the phenolics and decreased the scavenging capacity in the leaves of both varieties. Four phenolic acids have been identified in the extracts from the leaves of both grapevines: caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and a caffeic acid derivative. Caffeic acid appeared in the highest concentrations in all the leaf extracts. Additionally, it has been noted that in the leaves of the varieties susceptible and tolerant to cold stress, the prolonged exposure to low temperature caused a considerable reduction of the content of all identified phenolic acids. The results of the analyses have demonstrated large differences in the functioning of the secondary metabolism in response to the same stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Król
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Chair of Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego St. 1A, Kortowo, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - R Amarowicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - S Weidner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Chair of Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego St. 1A, Kortowo, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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75
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Vu TT, Jeong CY, Nguyen HN, Lee D, Lee SA, Kim JH, Hong SW, Lee H. Characterization of Brassica napus Flavonol Synthase Involved in Flavonol Biosynthesis in Brassica napus L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7819-29. [PMID: 26264830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Brassica napus has become a very important crop for plant oil production. Flavonols, an uncolored flavonoid subclass, have a high antioxidative effect and are known to have antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and neuropharmacological properties. In B. napus, some flavonoid structural genes have been identified, such as, BnF3H-1, BnCHS, and BnC4H-1. However, no studies on FLS genes in B. napus have been conducted. Thus, in this study, we cloned and characterized the function of BnFLS gene B. napus. By overexpression of the BnFLS gene, flavonol (kaempferol and quercetin) levels were recovered in the Arabidopsis atfls1-ko mutant. In addition, we found that the higher endogenous flavonol levels of BnFLS-ox in vitro shoots correlated with slightly higher ROS scavenging activities. Thus, our results indicate that the BnFLS gene encodes for a BnFLS enzyme that can be manipulated to specifically increase flavonol accumulation in oilseed plants and other species such as Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Thanh Vu
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoai Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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76
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Pietrowska-Borek M, Nuc K, Guranowski A. Exogenous adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate behaves as a signal molecule in plants; it augments metabolism of phenylpropanoids and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:144-152. [PMID: 26079287 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells contain various congeners of the canonical nucleotides. Some of these accumulate in cells under stress and may function as signal molecules. Their cellular levels are enzymatically controlled. Previously, we demonstrated a signaling function for diadenosine polyphosphates and cyclic nucleotides in Arabidopsis thaliana and grape, Vitis vinifera. These compounds increased the expression of genes for and the specific activity of enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathways resulting in the accumulation of certain products of these pathways. Here, we show that adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate, whose level can be controlled by HIT-family proteins, induced similar effects. This natural nucleotide, when added to A. thaliana seedlings, activated the genes for phenylalanine:ammonia lyase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, chalcone synthase, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A:NADP oxidoreductase and isochorismate synthase, which encode proteins catalyzing key reactions of phenylpropanoid pathways, and caused accumulation of lignins, anthocyanins and salicylic acid. Adenosine 5'-phosphofluoridate, a synthetic congener of adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate, behaved similarly. The results allow us to postulate that adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate should be considered as a novel signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Nuc
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Guranowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
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77
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Topcu Y, Dogan A, Kasimoglu Z, Sahin-Nadeem H, Polat E, Erkan M. The effects of UV radiation during the vegetative period on antioxidant compounds and postharvest quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 93:56-65. [PMID: 25749272 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of supplementary UV radiation during the vegetative period on antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activity and postharvest quality of broccoli heads during long term storage was studied. The broccolis were grown under three different doses of supplementary UV radiation (2.2, 8.8 and 16.4 kJ/m(2)/day) in a soilless system in a glasshouse. Harvested broccoli heads were stored at 0 °C in modified atmosphere packaging for 60 days. The supplementary UV radiation (280-315 nm) during the vegetative period significantly decreased total carotenoid, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content but increased the ascorbic acid, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of broccolis. All supplementary UV treatments slightly reduced the antioxidant activity of the broccolis, however, no remarkable change was observed between 2.2 and 8.8 kJ/m(2) radiation levels. The sinigrin and glucotropaeolin contents of the broccolis were substantially increased by UV treatments. The prolonged storage period resulted in decreased ascorbic acid, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activity. Discoloration of the heads, due to decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, was also observed with prolonged storage duration. Glucosinolates levels showed an increasing tendency till the 45th day of storage, and then their levels started to decline. The weight loss of broccoli heads during storage progressively increased with storage time in all treatments. Total soluble solids, solids content and titratable acidity decreased continuously during storage. Titratable acidity was not affected by UV radiation doses during the storage time whereas soluble solids and solids content (dry matter) were significantly affected by UV doses. Supplementary UV radiation increased the lightness (L*) and chroma (C*) values of the broccoli heads. Pre-harvest UV radiation during vegetative period seems to be a promising tool for increasing the beneficial health components of broccolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Topcu
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Adem Dogan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kasimoglu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilal Sahin-Nadeem
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ersin Polat
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erkan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey.
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78
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Suchar VA, Robberecht R. Integration and scaling of UV-B radiation effects on plants: from DNA to leaf. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2544-55. [PMID: 26257869 PMCID: PMC4523352 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A process-based model integrating the effects of UV-B radiation through epidermis, cellular DNA, and its consequences to the leaf expansion was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Enhanced UV-B radiation-induced DNA damage significantly delayed cell division, resulting in significant reductions in leaf growth and development. Ambient UV-B radiation-induced DNA damage significantly reduced the leaf growth of species with high relative epidermal absorbance at longer wavelengths and average/low pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers (CPD) photorepair rates. Leaf expansion was highly dependent on the number of CPD present in the DNA, as a result of UV-B radiation dose, quantitative and qualitative absorptive properties of epidermal pigments, and repair mechanisms. Formation of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP) has no effect on the leaf expansion. Repair mechanisms could not solely prevent the UV-B radiation interference with the cell division. Avoidance or effective shielding by increased or modified qualitative epidermal absorptance was required. Sustained increased UV-B radiation levels are more detrimental than short, high doses of UV-B radiation. The combination of low temperature and increased UV-B radiation was more significant in the level of UV-B radiation-induced damage than UV-B radiation alone. Slow-growing leaves were more affected by increased UV-B radiation than fast-growing leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Alexandru Suchar
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1133, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-1133
| | - Ronald Robberecht
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1133, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-1133
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79
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Fina JP, Casati P. HAG3, a Histone Acetyltransferase, Affects UV-B Responses by Negatively Regulating the Expression of DNA Repair Enzymes and Sunscreen Content in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1388-400. [PMID: 25907565 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases. In Arabidopsis, there are 12 histone acetyltransferases and 18 deacetylases. Histone acetyltransferases are organized in four families: the GNAT/HAG, the MYST, the p300/CBP and the TAFII250 families. Previously, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis mutants in the two members of the MYST acetyltransferase family show increased DNA damage after UV-B irradiation. To investigate further the role of other histone acetyltransferases in UV-B responses, a putative role for enzymes of the GNAT family, HAG1, HAG2 and HAG3, was analyzed. HAG transcripts are not UV-B regulated; however, hag3 RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants show a lower inhibition of leaf and root growth by UV-B, higher levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds and less UV-B-induced DNA damage than Wassilewskija (Ws) plants, while hag1 RNAi transgenic plants and hag2 mutants do not show significant differences from wild-type plants. Transcripts for UV-B-regulated genes are highly expressed under control conditions in the absence of UV-B in hag3 RNAi transgenic plants, suggesting that the higher UV-B tolerance may be due to increased levels of proteins that participate in UV-B responses. Together, our data provide evidence that HAG3, directly or indirectly, participates in UV-B-induced DNA damage repair and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta P Fina
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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80
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Creis E, Delage L, Charton S, Goulitquer S, Leblanc C, Potin P, Ar Gall E. Constitutive or Inducible Protective Mechanisms against UV-B Radiation in the Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus? A Study of Gene Expression and Phlorotannin Content Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128003. [PMID: 26030665 PMCID: PMC4452539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A role as UV sunscreens has been suggested for phlorotannins, the phenolic compounds that accumulate in brown algae in response to a number of external stimuli and take part in cell wall structure. After exposure of the intertidal brown alga Fucus vesiculosus to artificial UV-B radiation, we examined its physiological responses by following the transcript level of the pksIII gene encoding a phloroglucinol synthase, likely to be involved in the first step of phlorotannins biosynthesis. We also monitored the expression of three targeted genes, encoding a heat shock protein (hsp70), which is involved in global stress responses, an aryl sulfotransferase (ast), which could be involved in the sulfation of phlorotannins, and a vanadium bromoperoxidase (vbpo), which can potentially participate in the scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and in the cross-linking and condensation of phlorotannins. We investigated whether transcriptional regulation of these genes is correlated with an induction of phlorotannin accumulation by establishing metabolite profiling of purified fractions of low molecular weight phlorotannins. Our findings demonstrated that a high dose of UV-B radiation induced a significant overexpression of hsp70 after 12 and 24 hours following the exposure to the UV-B treatment, compared to control treatment. The physiological performance of algae quantified by the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) was slightly reduced. However UV-B treatment did not induce the accumulation of soluble phlorotannins in F. vesiculosus during the kinetics of four weeks, a result that may be related to the lack of induction of the pksIII gene expression. Taken together these results suggest a constitutive accumulation of phlorotannins occurring during the development of F.vesiculosus, rather than inducible processes. Gene expression studies and phlorotannin profiling provide here complementary approaches to global quantifications currently used in studies of phenolic compounds in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Creis
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Ludovic Delage
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Sophie Charton
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Sophie Goulitquer
- Centre de Ressources de Biologie Marine, MetaboMer Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, CNRS FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29688, Roscoff cedex, Brittany, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Erwan Ar Gall
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6539, Institut Européen d’Etudes Marines-IUEM, 29280, Plouzané, Brittany, France
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81
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Schluttenhofer C, Yuan L. Regulation of specialized metabolism by WRKY transcription factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:295-306. [PMID: 25501946 PMCID: PMC4326757 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.251769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are well known for regulating plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. However, much less is known about how WRKY TFs affect plant-specialized metabolism. Analysis of WRKY TFs regulating the production of specialized metabolites emphasizes the values of the family outside of traditionally accepted roles in stress tolerance. WRKYs with conserved roles across plant species seem to be essential in regulating specialized metabolism. Overall, the WRKY family plays an essential role in regulating the biosynthesis of important pharmaceutical, aromatherapy, biofuel, and industrial components, warranting considerable attention in the forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Schluttenhofer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
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82
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Qian M, Sun Y, Allan AC, Teng Y, Zhang D. The red sport of 'Zaosu' pear and its red-striped pigmentation pattern are associated with demethylation of the PyMYB10 promoter. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:16-23. [PMID: 25168359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
'Zaosu' pear, a hybrid of Pyrus pyrifolia and Pyrus communis, is a popular cultivar developed in China. 'Zaosu Red' is a bud sport of 'Zaosu' with red shoots, young leaves, and fruit. After grafting of 'Zaosu Red', reverse mutations in some branches lead to a loss of colour in leaves and stems. Also, the mature fruit of 'Zaosu Red' exhibits two phenotypes; fully red and striped. The aim of this study was to establish the mechanism of the red colour mutation in 'Zaosu' and the striped pigmentation pattern in fruit of 'Zaosu Red'. The accumulation of anthocyanins and transcript levels of the genes PpUFGT2 and PyMYB10 were highly correlated. The open reading frames (ORF) and promoter regions of these two key genes were cloned and compared between 'Zaosu' and its bud sports, but no sequence differences were found. The R2R3 MYB, PyMYB10, can activate expression of genes encoding enzymes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. A yeast one-hybrid assay showed that PyMYB10 was associated with the -658 to -172bp fragment of the PpUFGT2 promoter, probably via a MYB binding site (MBS) located at -466bp. The PyMYB10 promoter had lower methylation levels in anthocyanin-rich tissues, indicating that the red bud sport of 'Zaosu' pear and the striped pigmentation pattern of 'Zaosu Red' pear are associated with demethylation of the PyMYB10 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Qian
- Department of Horticulture, The State Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongwang Sun
- Department of Horticulture, The State Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- Plant and Food Research, Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1020, New Zealand
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Department of Horticulture, The State Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, The State Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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83
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Carletti G, Nervo G, Cattivelli L. Flavonoids and Melanins: a common strategy across two kingdoms. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1159-70. [PMID: 25516714 PMCID: PMC4261200 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiations alter a number of metabolic functions in vivant. They produce damages to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, generating reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (O2), hydroxyl radical (HO) and superoxide anion (O2-). Plants and animals, after their water emersion, have developed biochemical mechanisms to protect themselves from that environmental threat through a common strategy. Melanins in animals and flavonoids in plants are antioxidant pigments acting as free radical scavenging mechanisms. Both are phenol compounds constitutively synthesized and enhanced after exposure to UV rays, often conferring a red-brown-dark tissue pigmentation. Noteworthy, beside anti-oxidant scavenging activity, melanins and flavonoids have acquired secondary functions that, both in plants and animals, concern reproductions and fitness. Plants highly pigmented are more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Darker wild vertebrates are generally more aggressive, sexually active and resistant to stress than lighter individuals. Flavonoids have been associated with signal attraction between flowers and insects and with plant-plant interaction. Melanin pigmentation has been proposed as trait in bird communication, acting as honest signals of quality. This review shows how the molecular mechanisms leading to tissue pigmentation have many functional analogies between plants and animals and how their origin lies in simpler organisms such as Cyanobacteria. Comparative studies between plant and animal kingdoms can reveal new insight of the antioxidant strategies in vivant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Carletti
- 1. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Research Unit for Intensive Wood Production, Strada Frassineto 35, 15033 Casale Monferrato, AL, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nervo
- 1. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Research Unit for Intensive Wood Production, Strada Frassineto 35, 15033 Casale Monferrato, AL, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- 2. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, via S Protaso 302, I-29107 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
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84
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Dean JC, Kusaka R, Walsh PS, Allais F, Zwier TS. Plant Sunscreens in the UV-B: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Jet-Cooled Sinapoyl Malate, Sinapic Acid, and Sinapate Ester Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14780-95. [PMID: 25295994 DOI: 10.1021/ja5059026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Dean
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Ryoji Kusaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Patrick S. Walsh
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Florent Allais
- AgroParisTech, Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies
Industrielles (ABI), 247
rue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, F-51100 Reims, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 782 GMPA, Site de Grignon, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
- INRA, UMR 782 GMPA, Site de Grignon, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Timothy S. Zwier
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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85
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Hectors K, Van Oevelen S, Geuns J, Guisez Y, Jansen MAK, Prinsen E. Dynamic changes in plant secondary metabolites during UV acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:219-30. [PMID: 24517099 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental stress by synthesizing a range of secondary metabolites for defense purposes. Here we report on the effect of chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. In the natural environment, UV is a highly dynamic environmental parameter and therefore we hypothesized that plants are continuously readjusting levels of secondary metabolites. Our data show distinct kinetic profiles for accumulation of tocopherols, polyamines and flavonoids upon UV acclimation. The lipid-soluble antioxidant α-tocopherol accumulated fast and remained elevated. Polyamines accumulated fast and transiently. This fast response implies a role for α-tocopherol and polyamines in short-term UV response. In contrast, an additional sustained accumulation of flavonols took place. The distinct accumulation patterns of these secondary metabolites confirm that the UV acclimation process is a dynamic process, and indicates that commonly used single time-point analyses do not reveal the full extent of UV acclimation. We demonstrate that UV stimulates the accumulation of specific flavonol glycosides, i.e. kaempferol and (to a lesser extent) quercetin di- and triglycosides, all specifically rhamnosylated at position seven. All metabolites were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Some of these flavonol glycosides reached steady-state levels in 3-4 days, while concentrations of others are still increasing after 12 days of UV exposure. A biochemical pathway for these glycosides is postulated involving 7-O-rhamnosylation for the synthesis of all eight metabolites identified. We postulate that this 7-O-rhamnosylation has an important function in UV acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hectors
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Laboratory of Plant Growth & Development, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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86
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Fujimori N, Suzuki N, Nakajima Y, Suzuki S. Plant DNA-damage repair/toleration 100 protein repairs UV-B-induced DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 21:171-6. [PMID: 24951183 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the characterization of VvDRT100-L, a grape DNA-damage repair/toleration 100 protein. VvDRT100-L has nine leucine-rich repeats and belongs to the plant DRT100 protein family. VvDRT100-L is expressed abundantly in green organs of grapevines, including tendrils, leaves, and green berry skins. The overexpression of VvDRT100-L in Arabidopsis plants decreased the number of abasic sites and the frequency of DNA single-strand breaks in the DNA damaged by UV-B irradiation, whereas UV-B irradiation markedly increased the number of abasic sites and the frequency of DNA single-strand breaks in T-DNA insertion mutant drt100 plants. VvDRT100-L-overexpressing plants remained viable and noticeably healthy under lethal UV doses, suggesting that VvDRT100-L may enhance UV tolerance in plant. Taken together, we concluded that VvDRT100-L might play an important role in the repair and toleration of UV-B-induced DNA damage. These findings would help us better understand how plants acquire UV stress acclimation, tolerance and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Fujimori
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetics Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Nana Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetics Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakajima
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetics Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetics Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan.
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87
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88
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Peng Y, Wei G, Zhang L, Liu G, Wei X, Zhu Z. Comparative transcriptional profiling of three super-hybrid rice combinations. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3799-815. [PMID: 24595241 PMCID: PMC3975368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of heterosis has significantly increased rice yields. However, its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, comparative transcriptional profiles of three super-hybrid rice combinations, LY2163, LY2186 and LYP9, at the flowering and filling stages, were created using rice whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray. The LY2163, LY2186 and LYP9 hybrids yielded 1193, 1630 and 1046 differentially expressed genes (DGs), accounting for 3.2%, 4.4% and 2.8% of the total number of genes (36,926), respectively, after using the z-test (p < 0.01). Functional category analysis showed that the DGs in each hybrid combination were mainly classified into the carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism categories. Further analysis of the metabolic pathways showed that DGs were significantly enriched in the carbon fixation pathway (p < 0.01) for all three combinations. Over 80% of the DGs were located in rice quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of the Gramene database, of which more than 90% were located in the yield related QTLs in all three combinations, which suggested that there was a correlation between DGs and rice heterosis. Pathway Studio analysis showed the presence of DGs in the circadian regulatory network of all three hybrid combinations, which suggested that the circadian clock had a role in rice heterosis. Our results provide information that can help to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying rice heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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89
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Sarkar D, Shetty K. Metabolic Stimulation of Plant Phenolics for Food Preservation and Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2014; 5:395-413. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant phenolics as secondary metabolites are key to a plant's defense response against biotic and abiotic stresses. These phytochemicals are also increasingly relevant to food preservation and human health in terms of chronic disease management. Phenolic compounds from different food crops with different chemical structures and biological functions have the potential to act as natural antioxidants. Plant-based human foods are rich with these phenolic phytochemicals and can be used effectively for food preservation and bioactive enrichments through metabolic stimulation of key pathways. Phenolic metabolites protect against microbial degradation of plant-based foods during postharvest storage. Phenolics not only provide biotic protection but also help to counter biochemical and physical food deteriorations and to enhance shelf life and nutritional quality. This review summarizes the role of metabolically stimulated plant phenolics in food preservation and their impact on the prevention of oxidative stress–induced human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Sarkar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050;,
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050;,
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90
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Atwell BJ, Wang H, Scafaro AP. Could abiotic stress tolerance in wild relatives of rice be used to improve Oryza sativa? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 215-216:48-58. [PMID: 24388514 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima have been selected to acquire and partition resources efficiently as part of the process of domestication. However, genetic diversity in cultivated rice is limited compared to wild Oryza species, in spite of 120,000 genotypes being held in gene banks. By contrast, there is untapped diversity in the more than 20 wild species of Oryza, some having been collected from just a few coastal locations (e.g. Oryza schlechteri), while others are widely distributed (e.g. Oryza nivara and Oryza rufipogon). The extent of DNA sequence diversity and phenotypic variation is still being established in wild Oryza, with genetic barriers suggesting a vast range of morphologies and function even within species, such as has been demonstrated for Oryza meridionalis. With increasing climate variability and attempts to make more marginal land arable, abiotic and biotic stresses will be managed over the coming decades by tapping into the genetic diversity of wild relatives of O. sativa. To help create a more targeted approach to sourcing wild rice germplasm for abiotic stress tolerance, we have created a climate distribution map by plotting the natural occurrence of all Oryza species against corresponding temperature and moisture data. We then discuss interspecific variation in phenotype and its significance for rice, followed by a discussion of ways to integrate germplasm from wild relatives into domesticated rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew P Scafaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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91
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Berli FJ, Alonso R, Bressan-Smith R, Bottini R. UV-B impairs growth and gas exchange in grapevines grown in high altitude. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 149:127-140. [PMID: 23167433 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation levels in high altitude vineyards improve berry quality in Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec, but also reduce berry size and yield, possibly as a consequence of increased oxidative damage and growth reductions (lower photosynthesis). The defense mechanisms toward UV-B signal and/or evoked damage promote production of antioxidant secondary metabolites instead of primary metabolites. Purportedly, the UV-B effects will depend on tissues developmental stage and interplay with other environmental conditions, especially stressful situations. In this work, grapevines were exposed to high solar UV-B (+UV-B) and reduced (by filtering) UV-B (-UV-B) treatments during three consecutive seasons, and the effects of UV-B, developmental stages and seasons on the physiology were studied, i.e. growth, tissues morphology, photosynthesis, photoprotective pigments, proline content and antioxidant capacity of leaves. The +UV-B reduced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, mainly through limitation in gas exchange, reducing plant's leaf area, net carbon fixation and growth. The +UV-B augmented leaf thickness, and also the amounts of photoprotective pigments and proline, thereby increasing the antioxidant capacity of leaves. The defense mechanisms triggered by + UV-B reduced lipid peroxidation, but they were insufficient to protect the photosynthetic pigments per leaf dry weight basis. The +UV-B effects depend on tissues developmental stage and interplay with other environmental conditions such as total radiation and air temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico J Berli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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92
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Pietrowska-Borek M, Nuc K. Both cyclic-AMP and cyclic-GMP can act as regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:142-149. [PMID: 23774376 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) are important signaling molecules that control a range of cellular functions and modulate different reactions. It is known that under abiotic or biotic stress plant cells synthesize these nucleotides and that they also enhance the activity of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Wondering what is the relation between these two facts, we investigated how the exogenously applied membrane-permeable derivatives, 8-Br-cAMP or 8-Br-cGMP, which are believed to act as the original cyclic nucleotides, affect the expression of the genes for and the specific activity of three enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. We found that the expression of the genes of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL2), 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL1) and chalcone synthase (CHS), and the specific activities of PAL (EC 4.3.1.5), 4CL (EC 6.2.1.12) and CHS (EC 2.3.1.74) were induced in the same way by either of these cyclic nucleotides used at 5 μM concentration. None of the possible cAMP and cGMP degradation products (AMP, GMP, adenosine or guanosine) evoked such effects. Expression of PAL1, 4CL2 and 4CL3 were practically not affected. Although the investigated nucleotides induced rapid expression of the aforementioned enzymes, they did not affect the level of anthocyanins within the same period. We discuss the effects exerted by the exogenously administered cyclic nucleotides, their relation with stress and the role which the phenylpropanoid pathways the cyclic nucleotides may play in plants.
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93
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Groenenboom M, Gomez-Roldan V, Stigter H, Astola L, van Daelen R, Beekwilder J, Bovy A, Hall R, Molenaar J. The flavonoid pathway in tomato seedlings: transcript abundance and the modeling of metabolite dynamics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68960. [PMID: 23922672 PMCID: PMC3724892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites present in all terrestrial plants. The flavonoid pathway has been extensively studied, and many of the involved genes and metabolites have been described in the literature. Despite this extensive knowledge, the functioning of the pathway in vivo is still poorly understood. Here, we study the flavonoid pathway using both experiments and mathematical models. We measured flavonoid metabolite dynamics in two tissues, hypocotyls and cotyledons, during tomato seedling development. Interestingly, the same backbone of interactions leads to very different accumulation patterns in the different tissues. Initially, we developed a mathematical model with constant enzyme concentrations that described the metabolic networks separately in both tissues. This model was unable to fit the measured flavonoid dynamics in the hypocotyls, even if we allowed unrealistic parameter values. This suggested us to investigate the effect of transcript abundance on flavonoid accumulation. We found that the expression of candidate flavonoid genes varies considerably with time. Variation in transcript abundance results in enzymatic variation, which could have a large effect on metabolite accumulation. Candidate transcript abundance was included in the mathematical model as representative for enzyme concentration. We fitted the resulting model to the flavonoid dynamics in the cotyledons, and tested it by applying it to the data from hypocotyls. When transcript abundance is included, we are indeed able to explain flavonoid dynamics in both tissues. Importantly, this is possible under the biologically relevant restriction that the enzymatic properties estimated by the model are conserved between the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Groenenboom
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Gomez-Roldan
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Stigter
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Astola
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Hall
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Molenaar
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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94
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Takano N, Takahashi Y, Yamamoto M, Teranishi M, Yamaguchi H, Sakamoto AN, Hase Y, Fujisawa H, Wu J, Matsumoto T, Toki S, Hidema J. Isolation of a novel UVB-tolerant rice mutant obtained by exposure to carbon-ion beams. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:637-48. [PMID: 23381954 PMCID: PMC3709678 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
UVB radiation suppresses photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis in plants, which in turn decreases growth and productivity. Here, an ultraviolet-B (UVB)-tolerant rice mutant, utr319 (UV Tolerant Rice 319), was isolated from a mutagenized population derived from 2500 M1 seeds (of the UVB-resistant cultivar 'Sasanishiki') that were exposed to carbon ions. The utr319 mutant was more tolerant to UVB than the wild type. Neither the levels of UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) or (6-4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone photodimers [(6-4) photoproducts], nor the repair of CPDs or (6-4) photoproducts, was altered in the utr319 mutant. Thus, the utr319 mutant may be impaired in the production of a previously unidentified factor that confers UVB tolerance. To identify the mutated region in the utr319 mutant, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis was performed. Two adjacent genes on chromosome 7, Os07g0264900 and Os07g0265100, were predicted to represent the mutant allele. Sequence analysis of the chromosome region in utr319 revealed a deletion of 45 419 bp. RNAi analysis indicated that Os07g0265100 is most likely the mutated gene. Database analysis indicated that the Os07g0265100 gene, UTR319, encodes a putative protein with unknown characteristics or function. In addition, the homologs of UTR319 are conserved only among land plants. Therefore, utr319 is a novel UVB-tolerant rice mutant and UTR319 may be crucial for the determination of UVB sensitivity in rice, although the function of UTR319 has not yet been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Takano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mika Teranishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ayako N. Sakamoto
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hase
- Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fujisawa
- Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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95
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Lario LD, Ramirez-Parra E, Gutierrez C, Spampinato CP, Casati P. ANTI-SILENCING FUNCTION1 proteins are involved in ultraviolet-induced DNA damage repair and are cell cycle regulated by E2F transcription factors in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:1164-77. [PMID: 23596192 PMCID: PMC3668047 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.212837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ANTI-SILENCING FUNCTION1 (ASF1) is a key histone H3/H4 chaperone that participates in a variety of DNA- and chromatin-related processes, including DNA repair, where chromatin assembly and disassembly are of primary relevance. Information concerning the role of ASF1 proteins in the post-ultraviolet (UV) response in higher plants is currently limited. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), an initial analysis of in vivo localization of ASF1A and ASF1B indicates that both proteins are mainly expressed in proliferative tissues. In silico promoter analysis identified ASF1A and ASF1B as potential targets of E2F corresponds to Adenovirus E2 Binding Factor. [corrected]. These observations were experimentally validated, both in vitro, by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and in vivo, by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and expression analysis using transgenic plants with altered levels of different E2F transcription factors. These data suggest that ASF1A and ASF1B are regulated during cell cycle progression through E2F transcription factors. In addition, we found that ASF1A and ASF1B are associated with the UV-B-induced DNA damage response in Arabidopsis. Transcript levels of ASF1A and ASF1B were increased following UV-B treatment. Consistent with a potential role in UV-B response, RNA interference-silenced plants of both genes showed increased sensitivity to UV-B compared with wild-type plants. Finally, by coimmunoprecipitation analysis, we found that ASF1 physically interacts with amino-terminal acetylated histones H3 and H4 and with acetyltransferases of the Histone Acetyl Transferase subfamily, which are known to be involved in cell cycle control and DNA repair, among other functions. Together, we provide evidence that ASF1A and ASF1B are regulated by cell cycle progression and are involved in DNA repair after UV-B irradiation.
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96
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Qüesta JI, Fina JP, Casati P. DDM1 and ROS1 have a role in UV-B induced- and oxidative DNA damage in A. thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:420. [PMID: 24155752 PMCID: PMC3801088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of UV-B by DNA induces the formation of covalent bonds between adjacent pyrimidines. In maize and arabidopsis, plants deficient in chromatin remodeling show increased DNA damage compared to WT plants after a UV-B treatment. However, the role of enzymes that participate in DNA methylation in DNA repair after UV-B damage was not previously investigated. In this work, we analyzed how chromatin remodeling activities that have an effect on DNA methylation affects the repair of UV-B damaged DNA using plants deficient in the expression of DDM1 and ROS1. First, we analyzed their regulation by UV-B radiation in arabidopsis plants. Then, we demonstrated that ddm1 mutants accumulated more DNA damage after UV-B exposure compared to Col0 plants. Surprisingly, ros1 mutants show less CPDs and 6-4PPs than WT plants after the treatment under light conditions, while the repair under dark conditions is impaired. Transcripts for two photolyases are highly induced by UV-B in ros1 mutants, suggesting that the lower accumulation of photoproducts by UV-B is due to increased photorepair in these mutants. Finally, we demonstrate that oxidative DNA damage does not occur after UV-B exposure in arabidopsis plants; however, ros1 plants accumulate high levels of oxoproducts, while ddm1 mutants have less oxoproducts than Col0 plants, suggesting that both ROS1 and DDM1 have a role in the repair of oxidative DNA damage. Together, our data provide evidence that both DDM1 and ROS1, directly or indirectly, participate in UV-B induced- and oxidative DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Casati
- *Correspondence: Paula Casati, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina e-mail:
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97
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Dinamarca J, Sandoval-Alvarez A, Gidekel M, Gutiérrez-Moraga A. Differentially expressed genes induced by cold and UV-B in Deschampsia antarctica Desv. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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98
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Jeon EH, Pak JH, Kim MJ, Kim HJ, Shin SH, Lee JH, Kim DH, Oh JS, Oh BJ, Jung HW, Chung YS. Ectopic expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene from wild rice, OgUBC1, confers resistance against UV-B radiation and Botrytis infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:309-14. [PMID: 23000158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A previously unidentified gene encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme was isolated from leaves of wild rice plant treated with wounding and microbe-associated molecular patterns. The OgUBC1 gene was composed of 148 amino acids and contained a typical active site and 21 ubiquitin thioester intermediate interaction residues and 4 E3 interaction residues. Both exogenous application of salicylic acid and UV-B irradiation triggered expression of OgUBC1 in leaves of wild rice. Recombinant OgUBC1 proteins bound to ubiquitins in vitro, proposing that the protein might act as E2 enzyme in planta. Heterologous expression of the OgUBC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana protected plants from cellular damage caused by an excess of UV-B radiation. A stable expression of chalcone synthase gene was detected in leaves of OgUBC1-expressing Arabidopsis, resulting in producing higher amounts of anthocyanin than those in wild-type Col-0 plants. Additionally, both pathogenesis-related gene1 and 5 were transcribed in the transgenic Arabidopsis in the absence of pathogen infection. The OgUBC1-expressing plants were resistant to the infection of Botrytis cinerea. Taken together, we suggested that the OgUBC1 is involved in ubiquitination process important for cellular response against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Hee Jeon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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Tossi V, Lombardo C, Cassia R, Lamattina L. RETRACTED: Nitric oxide and flavonoids are systemically induced by UV-B in maize leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 193-194:103-109. [PMID: 22794923 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of Cristina Lombardo, Lorenzo Lamattina, Raul Cassia. Several figures in the article by Tossi et al appear to have been intentionally manipulated and, therefore, representing results that are not accurate. The specific concerns are 1) the NO/-UVB panel in Fig. 1B is an apparent duplication of the Fig. 4 NO/PC panel; 2) the Flavonoid/UVB panel in Fig. 1B is an apparent duplication of the Fig. 4 Flavonoid/U panel; and 3), many of the RT-PCR bands in Fig. 5 are apparently identical. The apparent duplications of the panels in Fig. 1B and Fig. 4 appears to have been done intentionally. The brightness of the published Fig. 1B NO/-UVB panel was decreased and rotated 180 degrees relative to the NO/PC panel in Fig. 4. The two images are identical when the brightness of Fig. 1B is enhanced and the Fig. 4 panel rotated 180 degrees as shown in the attachment. Likewise, Fig. 1B Flavonoid/UVB panel was manipulated to disguise it from the Flavonoid/U panel in Fig. 4. We thank Dr Elisabeth Bik for drawing the irregularities to the authors' attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Tossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, CC1245 (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristina Lombardo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Raúl Cassia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, CC1245 (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, CC1245 (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Rius SP, Grotewold E, Casati P. Analysis of the P1 promoter in response to UV-B radiation in allelic variants of high-altitude maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:92. [PMID: 22702356 PMCID: PMC3489873 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants living at high altitudes are typically exposed to elevated UV-B radiation, and harbor mechanisms to prevent the induced damage, such as the accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds. The maize R2R3-MYB transcription factor P1 controls the accumulation of several UV-B absorbing phenolics by activating a subset of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in leaves of maize landraces adapted to high altitudes. RESULTS Here, we studied the UV-B regulation of P1 in maize leaves of high altitude landraces, and we investigated how UV-B regulates P1 binding to the CHS promoter in both low and high altitude lines. In addition, we analyzed whether the expansion in the P1 expression domain between these maize landraces and inbred lines is associated to changes in the molecular structure of the proximal promoter, distal enhancer and first intron of P1. Finally, using transient expression experiments in protoplasts from various maize genotypes, we investigated whether the different expression patterns of P1 in the high altitude landraces could be attributed to trans- or cis-acting elements. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results demonstrate that, although differences in cis-acting elements exist between the different lines under study, the different patterns of P1 expression are largely a consequence of effects in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pablo Rius
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
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