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Genome-Wide Association Study for Maize Leaf Cuticular Conductance Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Regulation of Cuticle Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:1671-1683. [PMID: 32184371 PMCID: PMC7202004 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cuticle, a hydrophobic layer of cutin and waxes synthesized by plant epidermal cells, is the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed at night and under water-limited conditions. Elucidating the genetic architecture of natural variation for leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is important for identifying genes relevant to improving crop productivity in drought-prone environments. To this end, we conducted a genome-wide association study of gc of adult leaves in a maize inbred association panel that was evaluated in four environments (Maricopa, AZ, and San Diego, CA, in 2016 and 2017). Five genomic regions significantly associated with gc were resolved to seven plausible candidate genes (ISTL1, two SEC14 homologs, cyclase-associated protein, a CER7 homolog, GDSL lipase, and β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4). These candidates are potentially involved in cuticle biosynthesis, trafficking and deposition of cuticle lipids, cutin polymerization, and cell wall modification. Laser microdissection RNA sequencing revealed that all these candidate genes, with the exception of the CER7 homolog, were expressed in the zone of the expanding adult maize leaf where cuticle maturation occurs. With direct application to genetic improvement, moderately high average predictive abilities were observed for whole-genome prediction of gc in locations (0.46 and 0.45) and across all environments (0.52). The findings of this study provide novel insights into the genetic control of gc and have the potential to help breeders more effectively develop drought-tolerant maize for target environments.
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Xu X, Xue K, Tang S, He J, Song B, Zhou M, Zou Y, Zhou Y, Jenks MA. The relationship between cuticular lipids and associated gene expression in above ground organs of Thellungiella salsugineum (Pall.) Al-Shehbaz & Warwick. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110200. [PMID: 31481227 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle plays a critical role as barrier between plant and environment. Here, cuticular wax morphology, cuticular wax and cutin monomer composition, and expression of associated genes in five above ground organs were examined in model extremophyte Thellungiella salsugineum. Alkanes, ketones, and 2-alcohols were the predominant wax constitutes in rosette leaves, inflorescence stem leaves, stems, and siliques, whereas alkanes and acids were the predominant cuticular lipids in whole flowers. Unsubstituted acids were the most abundant cutin monomers in vegetative organs, especially C18:2 dioic acids, which reached the highest levels in stems. Hydroxy fatty acids were the predominant cutin monomers in flowers, especially 16-OH C16:0 and diOH C16:0. High-throughput RNA-Seq analysis using the Hiseq4000 platform was performed on these five above organs of T. salsugineum, and the differentially expressed lipid-associated genes and their associated metabolic pathways were identified. Expression of genes associated in previous reports to cuticle production, including those having roles in cuticle lipid biosynthesis, transport, and regulation were examined. The association of cuticle lipid composition and gene expression within different organs of T. salsugineum, and potential relationships between T. salsugineum's extreme cuticle and its adaptation to extreme environments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junqing He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Buerbatu Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Minqi Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanli Zou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Matthew A Jenks
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Chemical and Transcriptomic Analysis of Cuticle Lipids under Cold Stress in Thellungiella salsuginea. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184519. [PMID: 31547275 PMCID: PMC6770325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cuticle lipids form outer protective layers to resist environmental stresses; however, the relationship between cuticle properties and cold tolerance is unclear. Here, the extremophyte Thellungiella salsuginea was stressed under cold conditions (4 °C) and the cuticle of rosette leaves was examined in terms of epicuticular wax crystal morphology, chemical composition, and cuticle-associated gene expression. The results show that cold induced formation of distinct lamellas within the cuticle ultrastructure. Cold stress caused 14.58% and 12.04% increases in the amount of total waxes and cutin monomer per unit of leaf area, respectively, probably associated with the increase in total fatty acids. The transcriptomic analysis was performed on rosette leaves of Thellungiella exposed to cold for 24 h. We analyzed the expression of 72 genes putatively involved in cuticle lipid metabolism, some of which were validated by qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) after both 24 h and one week of cold exposure. Most cuticle-associated genes exhibited higher expression levels under cold conditions, and some key genes increased more dramatically over the one week than after just 24 h, which could be associated with increased amounts of some cuticle components. These results demonstrate that the cuticle provides some aspects of cold adaptation in T. salsuginea.
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Gupta BB, Selter LL, Baranwal VK, Arora D, Mishra SK, Sirohi P, Poonia AK, Chaudhary R, Kumar R, Krattinger SG, Chauhan H. Updated inventory, evolutionary and expression analyses of G (PDR) type ABC transporter genes of rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:429-439. [PMID: 31419645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters constitute the largest family of transporter proteins in living organisms and divided into eight subfamilies, from A-H. ABCG members, specific to plants and fungi, belong to subfamily G. In this study, we provide updated inventory, detailed account of phylogeny, gene structure characteristics, and expression profiling during reproductive development, abiotic and biotic stresses of members of ABCG gene family in rice along with reannotation and cloning of FL-cDNA of OsABCG50/PDR23. We observed that of the 22 ABCGs/PDRs, four genes evolved as a result of gene duplication events and their expression pattern changed after duplication. Analysis of expression revealed seed and developmental stage preferential expression of five ABCG/PDR members. Transcript levels of eight ABCGs/PDRs were affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. Expression of seven ABCG/PDR genes was also altered by hormonal elicitors. The modulated expression is nicely correlated with the presence of tissue/stress specific cis-acting elements present in putative promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liselotte L Selter
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vinay K Baranwal
- Swami Devanand Post Graduate College, Math-Lar, Deoria, U. P, India
| | - Deepanksha Arora
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India; VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Simon G Krattinger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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55
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Lopez-Ortiz C, Dutta SK, Natarajan P, Peña-Garcia Y, Abburi V, Saminathan T, Nimmakayala P, Reddy UK. Genome-wide identification and gene expression pattern of ABC transporter gene family in Capsicum spp. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215901. [PMID: 31039176 PMCID: PMC6490891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes act as transporters for different molecules across biological membranes and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes encoding ABC transporter proteins in three Capsicum species, i.e., Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum chinense. Capsicum is a valuable horticultural crop worldwide as an important constituent of many foods while containing several medicinal compounds including capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. Our results identified the presence of a total of 200, 185 and 187 ABC transporter genes in C. annuum, C. baccatum and C. chinense genomes, respectively. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content were determined in green pepper fruits (16 dpa). Additionally, we conducted different bioinformatics analyses including ABC genes classification, gene chromosomal location, Cis elements, conserved motifs identification and gene ontology classification, as well as profile expression of selected genes. Based on phylogenetic analysis and domain organization, the Capsicum ABC gene family was grouped into eight subfamilies. Among them, members within the ABCG, ABCB and ABCC subfamilies were the most abundant, while ABCD and ABCE subfamilies were less abundant throughout all species. ABC members within the same subfamily showed similar motif composition. Furthermore, common cis-elements involved in the transcriptional regulation were also identified in the promoter regions of all Capsicum ABC genes. Gene expression data from RNAseq and reverse transcription-semi-quantitative PCR analysis revealed development-specific stage expression profiles in placenta tissues. It suggests that ABC transporters, specifically the ABCC and ABCG subfamilies, may be playing important roles in the transport of secondary metabolites such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin to the placenta vacuoles, effecting on their content in pepper fruits. Our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of ABC transporter gene family in different Capsicum species while allowing the identification of important candidate genes related to capsaicin content for subsequent functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sudip Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
- ICAR RC NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib, Mizoram, India
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Yadira Peña-Garcia
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Venkata Abburi
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Thangasamy Saminathan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
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56
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Sarwar MB, Ahmad Z, Rashid B, Hassan S, Gregersen PL, Leyva MDLO, Nagy I, Asp T, Husnain T. De novo assembly of Agave sisalana transcriptome in response to drought stress provides insight into the tolerance mechanisms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:396. [PMID: 30674899 PMCID: PMC6344536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agave, monocotyledonous succulent plants, is endemic to arid regions of North America, exhibiting exceptional tolerance to their xeric environments. They employ various strategies to overcome environmental constraints, such as crassulacean acid metabolism, wax depositions, and protective leaf morphology. Genomic resources of Agave species have received little attention irrespective of their cultural, economic and ecological importance, which so far prevented the understanding of the molecular bases underlying their adaptations to the arid environment. In this study, we aimed to elucidate molecular mechanism(s) using transcriptome sequencing of A. sisalana. A de novo approach was applied to assemble paired-end reads. The expression study unveiled 3,095 differentially expressed unigenes between well-irrigated and drought-stressed leaf samples. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis specified a significant number of abiotic stress responsive genes and pathways involved in processes like hormonal responses, antioxidant activity, response to stress stimuli, wax biosynthesis, and ROS metabolism. We also identified transcripts belonging to several families harboring important drought-responsive genes. Our study provides the first insight into the genomic structure of A. sisalana underlying adaptations to drought stress, thus providing diverse genetic resources for drought tolerance breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Sarwar
- Plant Genomics Lab, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Zarnab Ahmad
- Plant Genomics Lab, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Rashid
- Plant Genomics Lab, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Sameera Hassan
- Plant Genomics Lab, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Per L Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Maria De la O Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Torben Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Plant Genomics Lab, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
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57
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Gräfe K, Shanmugarajah K, Zobel T, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Kleinschrodt D, Smits SHJ, Schmitt L. Cloning and expression of selected ABC transporters from the Arabidopsis thaliana ABCG family in Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211156. [PMID: 30657786 PMCID: PMC6338384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones play a major role in plant growth and development. They are in most cases not synthesized in their target location and hence need to be transported to the site of action, by for instance ATP-binding cassette transporters. Within the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, Pleiotropic Drug Resistance transporters are known to be involved in phytohormone transport. Interestingly, PDRs are only present in plants and fungi. In contrast to fungi, there are few biochemical studies of plant PDRs and one major reason is that suitable overexpression systems have not been identified. In this study, we evaluate the expression system Pichia pastoris for heterologous overexpression of PDR genes of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We successfully cloned and expressed the potential phytohormone transporters PDR2 and PDR8 in P. pastoris. Sucrose gradient centrifugation confirmed that the overexpressed proteins were correctly targeted to the plasma membrane of P. pastoris and initial functional studies demonstrated ATPase activity for WBC1. However, difficulties in cloning and heterologous overexpression might be particular obstacles of the PDR family, since cloning and overexpression of White Brown Complex 1, a half-size transporter of the same ABCG subfamily with comparable domain organization, was more easily achieved. We present strategies and highlight critical factors to successfully clone plant PDR genes and heterologously expressed in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kalpana Shanmugarajah
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Heinrich Heine University, Duüsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Diana Kleinschrodt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Protein Production Facility, Heinrich Heine University, Duüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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58
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Hou S, Liu Z, Shen H, Wu D. Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered Immunity in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:646. [PMID: 31191574 PMCID: PMC6547358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As a universal process in multicellular organisms, including animals and plants, cells usually emit danger signals when suffering from attacks of microbes and herbivores, or physical damage. These signals, termed as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), mainly include cell wall or extracellular protein fragments, peptides, nucleotides, and amino acids. Once exposed on cell surfaces, DAMPs are detected by plasma membrane-localized receptors of surrounding cells to regulate immune responses against the invading organisms and promote damage repair. DAMPs may also act as long-distance mobile signals to mediate systemic wounding responses. Generation, release, and perception of DAMPs, and signaling events downstream of DAMP perception are all rigorously modulated by plants. These processes integrate together to determine intricate mechanisms of DAMP-triggered immunity in plants. In this review, we present an extensive overview on our current understanding of DAMPs in plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguo Hou,
| | - Zunyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hexi Shen
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Daoji Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
- Daoji Wu,
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59
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Nguyen VN, Lee SB, Suh MC, An G, Jung KH. OsABCG9 Is an Important ABC Transporter of Cuticular Wax Deposition in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:960. [PMID: 30131812 PMCID: PMC6091143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the cuticular layer in regulating a plant's water status and providing protection from environmental challenges has been recognized for a long time. The cuticular layer in plants restricts non-stomatal water loss and protects plants against damage from pathogen infection and UV radiation. Much genetic and biochemical research has been done about cutin and wax transportation in Arabidopsis thaliana, but little is known about it in rice. Here, we report that a rice ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, OsABCG9, is essential for normal development during vegetative growth and could play a critical role in the transportation of epicuticular wax in rice. Rice phenotypes with mutated OsABCG9 exhibited growth retardation and sensitivity to low humidity. The total amount of cuticular wax on the leaves of the osabcg9-1 mutant diminished by 53% compared with the wild type, and wax crystals disappeared completely in osabcg9-2 mutant leaves. However, OsABCG9 does not seem to be involved in cutin transportation, even though its ortholog in Arabidopsis, AtABCG11, transports both wax and cutin. Furthermore, the osabcg9-1 mutant had increased leaf chlorophyll leaching and more severe drought susceptibility. This study provides new insights about differences between rice and A. thaliana in wax and cutin transportation associated with the ABCG family during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van N.T. Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saet Buyl Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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60
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Ofori PA, Mizuno A, Suzuki M, Martinoia E, Reuscher S, Aoki K, Shibata D, Otagaki S, Matsumoto S, Shiratake K. Genome-wide analysis of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters in tomato. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200854. [PMID: 30048467 PMCID: PMC6062036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are proteins that actively mediate the transport of a wide range of molecules, such as organic acids, metal ions, phytohormones and secondary metabolites. Therefore, ABC transporters must play indispensable roles in growth and development of tomato, including fruit development. Most ABC transporters have transmembrane domains (TMDs) and belong to the ABC protein family, which includes not only ABC transporters but also soluble ABC proteins lacking TMDs. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes encoding ABC proteins in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which is a valuable horticultural crop and a model plant for studying fleshy fruits. In the tomato genome, a total of 154 genes putatively encoding ABC transporters, including 9 ABCAs, 29 ABCBs, 26 ABCCs, 2 ABCDs, 2 ABCEs, 6 ABCFs, 70 ABCGs and 10 ABCIs, were identified. Gene expression data from the eFP Browser and reverse transcription-semi-quantitative PCR analysis revealed their tissue-specific and development-specific expression profiles. This work suggests physiological roles of ABC transporters in tomato and provides fundamental information for future studies of ABC transporters not only in tomato but also in other Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Amoako Ofori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mizuno
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reuscher
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koh Aoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | | | - Shungo Otagaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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61
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Mohiuddin T, Baba SA, Ashraf N. Identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling of ABC transporter family of Crocus sativus L: A step towards understanding apocarotenoid transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Do THT, Martinoia E, Lee Y. Functions of ABC transporters in plant growth and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 41:32-38. [PMID: 28854397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are essential for plant development, playing roles in processes such as gametogenesis, seed development, seed germination, organ formation, and secondary growth. ABC transporters are directly energized by ATP and can transport complex organic materials against concentration gradients; thus, they are uniquely suited to provide the complex building blocks required for the development of specialized plant cells. We review recent progress in our understanding of the contribution ABC transporters make to the growth and development of plants, including their roles in protective layer formation and in transporting phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ha Thi Do
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Deciphering the Evolution and Development of the Cuticle by Studying Lipid Transfer Proteins in Mosses and Liverworts. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7010006. [PMID: 29342939 PMCID: PMC5874595 DOI: 10.3390/plants7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When plants conquered land, they developed specialized organs, tissues, and cells in order to survive in this new and harsh terrestrial environment. New cell polymers such as the hydrophobic lipid-based polyesters cutin, suberin, and sporopollenin were also developed for protection against water loss, radiation, and other potentially harmful abiotic factors. Cutin and waxes are the main components of the cuticle, which is the waterproof layer covering the epidermis of many aerial organs of land plants. Although the in vivo functions of the group of lipid binding proteins known as lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are still rather unclear, there is accumulating evidence suggesting a role for LTPs in the transfer and deposition of monomers required for cuticle assembly. In this review, we first present an overview of the data connecting LTPs with cuticle synthesis. Furthermore, we propose liverworts and mosses as attractive model systems for revealing the specific function and activity of LTPs in the biosynthesis and evolution of the plant cuticle.
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Pierman B, Toussaint F, Bertin A, Lévy D, Smargiasso N, De Pauw E, Boutry M. Activity of the purified plant ABC transporter NtPDR1 is stimulated by diterpenes and sesquiterpenes involved in constitutive and induced defenses. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19491-19502. [PMID: 28972149 PMCID: PMC5702685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the plant ATP-binding cassette transporter family, pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters play essential functions, such as in hormone transport or defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. NtPDR1 from Nicotiana tabacum has been shown to be involved in the constitutive defense against pathogens through the secretion of toxic cyclic diterpenes, such as the antimicrobial substrates cembrene and sclareol from the leaf hairs (trichomes). However, direct evidence of an interaction between NtPDR1 and terpenes is lacking. Here, we stably expressed NtPDR1 in N. tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. NtPDR1 was purified as an active monomer glycosylated at a single site in the third external loop. NtPDR1 reconstitution in proteoliposomes stimulated its basal ATPase activity from 21 to 38 nmol of Pi·mg-1·min-1, and ATPase activity was further stimulated by the NtPDR1 substrates cembrene and sclareol, providing direct evidence of an interaction between NtPDR1 and its two substrates. Interestingly, NtPDR1 was also stimulated by capsidiol, a sesquiterpene produced by N. tabacum upon pathogen attack. We also monitored the transcriptional activity from the NtPDR1 promoter in situ with a reporter gene and found that, although NtPDR1 expression was limited to trichomes under normal conditions, addition of methyl jasmonate, a biotic stress hormone, induced expression in all leaf tissues. This finding indicated that NtPDR1 is involved not only in constitutive but also in induced plant defenses. In conclusion, we provide direct evidence of an interaction between the NtPDR1 transporter and its substrates and that NtPDR1 transports compounds involved in both constitutive (diterpenes) and induced (sesquiterpenes) plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Pierman
- From the Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Toussaint
- From the Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- the Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR168, and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Daniel Lévy
- the Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR168, and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Nicolas Smargiasso
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Boutry
- From the Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium,
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65
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Aragón W, Reina-Pinto JJ, Serrano M. The intimate talk between plants and microorganisms at the leaf surface. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5339-5350. [PMID: 29136456 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant epidermis or cuticle is constantly exposed to external and internal environmental factors, including an enriched and diverse community of bacteria, yeast, fungi, viruses, and mites. It is not only where the plant has its first physical barrier, but also where organisms can be recognized and potentially where the plant defense responses can be triggered. The plant cuticle is a polymeric composite formed by an array of structurally and chemically heterogeneous compounds, including cutin and wax. A few studies have shown that cuticular components are essential and important drivers of the structure and size of the bacterial community. On the other hand, cuticular components are also important for both pathogens and plants, to initiate the pre-invasion and infection process and to activate the innate immune response, respectively. In this review, we explore current knowledge on the role of the cuticle during the intimate interactions between plants and microorganisms, in particular pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Finally, we propose new perspectives on the potential use of this information for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Aragón
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José Juan Reina-Pinto
- Colegio El Pinar S.A.L. Camino de la Acequia, s/n 29130, Alhaurín de la Torre, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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66
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Ingram G, Nawrath C. The roles of the cuticle in plant development: organ adhesions and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5307-5321. [PMID: 28992283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cuticles, which are composed of a variety of aliphatic molecules, impregnate epidermal cell walls forming diffusion barriers that cover almost all the aerial surfaces in higher plants. In addition to revealing important roles for cuticles in protecting plants against water loss and other environmental stresses and aggressions, mutants with permeable cuticles show major defects in plant development, such as abnormal organ formation as well as altered seed germination and viability. However, understanding the mechanistic basis for these developmental defects represents a significant challenge due to the pleiotropic nature of phenotypes and the altered physiological status/viability of some mutant backgrounds. Here we discuss both the basis of developmental phenotypes associated with defects in cuticle function and mechanisms underlying developmental processes that implicate cuticle modification. Developmental abnormalities in cuticle mutants originate at early developmental time points, when cuticle composition and properties are very difficult to measure. Nonetheless, we aim to extract principles from existing data in order to pinpoint the key cuticle components and properties required for normal plant development. Based on our analysis, we will highlight several major questions that need to be addressed and technical hurdles that need to be overcome in order to advance our current understanding of the developmental importance of plant cuticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, UCB Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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67
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Zhou Q, Wang A, Duan R, Yan J, Zhao G, Nevo E, Chen G. Comparative transcriptome profile of the leaf elongation zone of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) eibi1 mutant and its isogenic wild type. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:834-843. [PMID: 29064514 PMCID: PMC5738607 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring wild barley mutant eibi1/hvabcg31
suffers from severe water loss due to the permeable leaf cuticle.
Eibi1/HvABCG31 encodes a full ATP-binding cassette (ABC)
transporter, HvABCG31, playing a role in cutin deposition in the elongation zone
of growing barley leaves. The eibi1 allele has pleiotropic
effects on the appearance of leaves, plant stature, fertility, spike and grain
size, and rate of germination. Comparative transcriptome profile of the leaf
elongation zone of the eibi1 mutant as well as its isogenic
wild type showed that various pathogenesis-related genes were up-regulated in
the eibi1 mutant. The known cuticle-related genes that we
analyzed did not show significant expression difference between the mutant and
wild type. These results suggest that the pleiotropic effects may be a
compensatory consequence of the activation of defense genes in the
eibi1 mutation. Furthermore, we were able to find the
mutation of the eibi1/hvabcg31 allele by comparing transcript
sequences, which indicated that the RNA-Seq is useful not only for researches on
general molecular mechanism but also for the identification of possible mutant
genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aidong Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Duan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan. China
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa Israel
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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68
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Baldé A, Neves D, García-Breijo FJ, Pais MS, Cravador A. De novo assembly of Phlomis purpurea after challenging with Phytophthora cinnamomi. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:700. [PMID: 28877668 PMCID: PMC5585901 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlomis plants are a source of biological active substances with potential applications in the control of phytopathogens. Phlomis purpurea (Lamiaceae) is autochthonous of southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco and was found to be resistant to Phytophthora cinnamomi. Phlomis purpurea has revealed antagonistic effect in the rhizosphere of Quercus suber and Q. ilex against P. cinnamomi. Phlomis purpurea roots produce bioactive compounds exhibiting antitumor and anti-Phytophthora activities with potential to protect susceptible plants. Although these important capacities of P. purpurea have been demonstrated, there is no transcriptomic or genomic information available in public databases that could bring insights on the genes underlying this anti-oomycete activity. RESULTS Using Illumina technology we obtained a de novo assembly of P. purpurea transcriptome and differential transcript abundance to identify putative defence related genes in challenged versus non-challenged plants. A total of 1,272,600,000 reads from 18 cDNA libraries were merged and assembled into 215,739 transcript contigs. BLASTX alignment to Nr NCBI database identified 124,386 unique annotated transcripts (57.7%) with significant hits. Functional annotation identified 83,550 out of 124,386 unique transcripts, which were mapped to 141 pathways. 39% of unigenes were assigned GO terms. Their functions cover biological processes, cellular component and molecular functions. Genes associated with response to stimuli, cellular and primary metabolic processes, catalytic and transporter functions were among those identified. Differential transcript abundance analysis using DESeq revealed significant differences among libraries depending on post-challenge times. Comparative cyto-histological studies of P. purpurea roots challenged with P. cinnamomi zoospores and controls revealed specific morphological features (exodermal strips and epi-cuticular layer), that may provide a constitutive efficient barrier against pathogen penetration. Genes involved in cutin biosynthesis and in exodermal Casparian strips formation were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS The de novo assembly of transcriptome using short reads for a non-model plant, P. purpurea, revealed many unique transcripts useful for further gene expression, biological function, genomics and functional genomics studies. The data presented suggest a combination of a constitutive resistance and an increased transcriptional response from P. purpurea when challenged with the pathogen. This knowledge opens new perspectives for the understanding of defence responses underlying pathogenic oomycete/plant interaction upon challenge with P. cinnamomi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladje Baldé
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab, Center for Biosystems (BioSys), Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), Edifício C2, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Present Address: Universidade Jean Piaget, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Dina Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. García-Breijo
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Salomé Pais
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab, Center for Biosystems (BioSys), Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), Edifício C2, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Cravador
- Centre for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food (MeditBio), FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Ju S, Go YS, Choi HJ, Park JM, Suh MC. DEWAX Transcription Factor Is Involved in Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1210. [PMID: 28744297 PMCID: PMC5504226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle of land plants is the first physical barrier to protect their aerial parts from biotic and abiotic stresses. DEWAX, an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor, negatively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa overexpressing DEWAX and in Arabidopsis dewax mutant. Compared to wild type (WT) leaves, Arabidopsis DEWAX OX and dewax leaves were more and less permeable to toluidine blue dye, respectively. The ROS levels increased in DEWAX OX leaves, but decreased in dewax relative to WT leaves. Compared to WT, DEWAX OX was more resistant, while dewax was more sensitive to B. cinerea; however, defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000:GFP were inversely modulated. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the expression of defense-related genes was upregulated in DEWAX OX, but downregulated in dewax relative to WT. Transactivation assay showed that DEWAX upregulated the expression of PDF1.2a, IGMT1, and PRX37. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that DEWAX directly interacts with the GCC-box motifs of PDF1.2a promoter. In addition, ectopic expression of DEWAX increased the tolerance to B. cinerea in C. sativa. Taken together, we suggest that increased ROS accumulation and DEWAX-mediated upregulation of defense-related genes are closely associated with enhanced resistance to B. cinerea in Arabidopsis and C. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Ju
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Sam Go
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Choi
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDeajeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDeajeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
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70
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Arabidopsis ABCG34 contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens by mediating the secretion of camalexin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5712-E5720. [PMID: 28652324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702259114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause huge yield losses. Plant defense often depends on toxic secondary metabolites that inhibit pathogen growth. Because most secondary metabolites are also toxic to the plant, specific transporters are needed to deliver them to the pathogens. To identify the transporters that function in plant defense, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of full-size ABCG transporters for hypersensitivity to sclareol, an antifungal compound. We found that atabcg34 mutants were hypersensitive to sclareol and to the necrotrophic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinereaAtABCG34 expression was induced by Abrassicicola inoculation as well as by methyl-jasmonate, a defense-related phytohormone, and AtABCG34 was polarly localized at the external face of the plasma membrane of epidermal cells of leaves and roots. atabcg34 mutants secreted less camalexin, a major phytoalexin in Athaliana, whereas plants overexpressing AtABCG34 secreted more camalexin to the leaf surface and were more resistant to the pathogen. When treated with exogenous camalexin, atabcg34 mutants exhibited hypersensitivity, whereas BY2 cells expressing AtABCG34 exhibited improved resistance. Analyses of natural Arabidopsis accessions revealed that AtABCG34 contributes to the disease resistance in naturally occurring genetic variants, albeit to a small extent. Together, our data suggest that AtABCG34 mediates camalexin secretion to the leaf surface and thereby prevents Abrassicicola infection.
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71
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Kim H, Choi D, Suh MC. Cuticle ultrastructure, cuticular lipid composition, and gene expression in hypoxia-stressed Arabidopsis stems and leaves. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:815-827. [PMID: 28280927 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An increased permeability of the cuticle is closely associated with downregulation of genes involved in cuticular lipid synthesis in hypoxia-stressed Arabidopsis and may allow plants to cope with oxygen deficiency. The hydrophobic cuticle layer consisting of cutin polyester and cuticular wax is the first barrier to protect the aerial parts of land plants from environmental stresses. In the present study, we investigated the role of cuticle membrane in Arabidopsis responses to oxygen deficiency. TEM analysis showed that the epidermal cells of hypoxia-treated Arabidopsis stems and leaves possessed a thinner electron-translucent cuticle proper and a more electron-dense cuticular layer. A reduction in epicuticular wax crystal deposition was observed in SEM images of hypoxia-treated Arabidopsis stem compared with normoxic control. Cuticular transpiration was more rapid in hypoxia-stressed leaves than in normoxic control. Total wax and cutin loads decreased by approximately 6-12 and 12-22%, respectively, and the levels of C29 alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones, C16:0 ω-hydroxy fatty acids, and C18:2 dicarboxylic acids were also prominently reduced in hypoxia-stressed Arabidopsis leaves and/or stems relative to normoxic control. Genome-wide transcriptome and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that the expression of several genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of cuticular waxes and cutin monomers were downregulated more than fourfold, but no significant alterations were detected in the transcript levels of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, BCCP2, PDH-E1α, and ENR1 in hypoxia-treated Arabidopsis stems and leaves compared with normoxic control. Taken together, an increased permeability of the cuticle is closely associated with downregulation of genes involved in cuticular lipid synthesis in hypoxia-stressed Arabidopsis. The present study elucidates one of the cuticle-related adaptive responses that may allow plants to cope with low oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsu Choi
- Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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72
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Toussaint F, Pierman B, Bertin A, Lévy D, Boutry M. Purification and biochemical characterization of NpABCG5/NpPDR5, a plant pleiotropic drug resistance transporter expressed in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. Biochem J 2017; 474:1689-1703. [PMID: 28298475 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters belong to the ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and are involved in the transport of various molecules across plasma membranes. During evolution, PDR genes appeared independently in fungi and in plants from a duplication of a half-size ABC gene. The enzymatic properties of purified PDR transporters from yeast have been characterized. This is not the case for any plant PDR transporter, or, incidentally, for any purified plant ABC transporter. Yet, plant PDR transporters play important roles in plant physiology such as hormone signaling or resistance to pathogens or herbivores. Here, we describe the expression, purification, enzymatic characterization and 2D analysis by electron microscopy of NpABCG5/NpPDR5 from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, which has been shown to be involved in the plant defense against herbivores. We constitutively expressed NpABCG5/NpPDR5, provided with a His-tag in a homologous system: suspension cells from Nicotiana tabacum (Bright Yellow 2 line). NpABCG5/NpPDR5 was targeted to the plasma membrane and was solubilized by dodecyl maltoside and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The ATP-hydrolyzing specific activity (27 nmol min-1 mg-1) was stimulated seven-fold in the presence of 0.1% asolectin. Electron microscopy analysis indicated that NpABCG5/NpPDR5 is monomeric and with dimensions shorter than those of known ABC transporters. Enzymatic data (optimal pH and sensitivity to inhibitors) confirmed that plant and fungal PDR transporters have different properties. These data also show that N. tabacum suspension cells are a convenient host for the purification and biochemical characterization of ABC transporters.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/isolation & purification
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/isolation & purification
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Batch Cell Culture Techniques
- Bioreactors
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Detergents/chemistry
- Glucosides/chemistry
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Membrane Transport Modulators/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Electron
- Molecular Weight
- Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Solubility
- Nicotiana/cytology
- Nicotiana/enzymology
- Nicotiana/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Toussaint
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Pierman
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Boutry
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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73
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Hong L, Brown J, Segerson NA, Rose JKC, Roeder AHK. CUTIN SYNTHASE 2 Maintains Progressively Developing Cuticular Ridges in Arabidopsis Sepals. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:560-574. [PMID: 28110092 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is a crucial barrier on the aerial surfaces of land plants. In many plants, including Arabidopsis, the sepals and petals form distinctive nanoridges in their cuticles. However, little is known about how the formation and maintenance of these nanostructures is coordinated with the growth and development of the underlying cells. Here we report the characterization of the Arabidopsis cutin synthase 2 (cus2) mutant, which causes a great reduction in cuticular ridges on the mature sepal epidermis, but only a moderate effect on petal cone cell ridges. Using scanning electron microscopy and confocal live imaging combined with quantification of cellular growth, we find that cuticular ridge formation progresses down the sepal from tip to base as the sepal grows. pCUS2::GFP-GUS reporter expression coincides with cuticular ridge formation, descending the sepal from tip to base. Ridge formation also coincides with the reduction in growth rate and termination of cell division of the underlying epidermal cells. Surprisingly, cuticular ridges at first form normally in the cus2 mutant, but are lost progressively at later stages of sepal development, indicating that CUS2 is crucial for the maintenance of cuticular ridges after they are formed. Our results reveal the dynamics of both ridge formation and maintenance as the sepal grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Hong
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joel Brown
- Field of Genetics Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nicholas A Segerson
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adrienne H K Roeder
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Field of Genetics Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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74
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Szymanski J, Levin Y, Savidor A, Breitel D, Chappell-Maor L, Heinig U, Töpfer N, Aharoni A. Label-free deep shotgun proteomics reveals protein dynamics during tomato fruit tissues development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:396-417. [PMID: 28112434 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Current innovations in mass-spectrometry-based technologies allow deep coverage of protein expression. Despite its immense value and in contrast to transcriptomics, only a handful of studies in crop plants engaged with global proteome assays. Here, we present large-scale shotgun proteomics profiling of tomato fruit across two key tissues and five developmental stages. A total of 7738 individual protein groups were identified and reliably measured at least in one of the analyzed tissues or stages. The depth of our assay enabled identification of 61 differentially expressed transcription factors, including renowned ripening-related regulators and elements of ethylene signaling. Significantly, we measured proteins involved in 83% of all predicted enzymatic reactions in the tomato metabolic network. Hence, proteins representing almost the complete set of reactions in major metabolic pathways were identified, including the cytosolic and plastidic isoprenoid and the phenylpropanoid pathways. Furthermore, the data allowed us to discern between protein isoforms according to expression patterns, which is most significant in light of the weak transcript-protein expression correspondence. Finally, visualization of changes in protein abundance associated with a particular process provided us with a unique view of skin and flesh tissues in developing fruit. This study adds a new dimension to the existing genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic resources. It is therefore likely to promote translational and post-translational research in tomato and additional species, which is presently focused on transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedrzej Szymanski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dario Breitel
- Metabolic Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Louise Chappell-Maor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nadine Töpfer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Mazurek S, Garroum I, Daraspe J, De Bellis D, Olsson V, Mucciolo A, Butenko MA, Humbel BM, Nawrath C. Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1146-1163. [PMID: 27994007 PMCID: PMC5291042 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). The latter two types did not have typical nanoridges. Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. We concluded that DCR is not only essential for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition. Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Mazurek
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Imène Garroum
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Jean Daraspe
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Damien De Bellis
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Vilde Olsson
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
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Jacq A, Pernot C, Martinez Y, Domergue F, Payré B, Jamet E, Burlat V, Pacquit VB. The Arabidopsis Lipid Transfer Protein 2 (AtLTP2) Is Involved in Cuticle-Cell Wall Interface Integrity and in Etiolated Hypocotyl Permeability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:263. [PMID: 28289427 PMCID: PMC5326792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) belong to a complex multigenic family implicated in diverse physiological processes. However, their function and mode of action remain unclear probably because of functional redundancy. Among the different roles proposed for nsLTPs, it has long been suggested that they could transport cuticular precursor across the cell wall during the formation of the cuticle, which constitutes the first physical barrier for plant interactions with their aerial environment. Here, we took advantage of the Arabidopsis thaliana etiolated hypocotyl model in which AtLTP2 was previously identified as the unique and abundant nsLTP member in the cell wall proteome, to investigate its function. AtLTP2 expression was restricted to epidermal cells of aerial organs, in agreement with the place of cuticle deposition. Furthermore, transient AtLTP2-TagRFP over-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells resulted in its localization to the cell wall, as expected, but surprisingly also to the plastids, indicating an original dual trafficking for a nsLTP. Remarkably, in etiolated hypocotyls, the atltp2-1 mutant displayed modifications in cuticle permeability together with a disorganized ultra-structure at the cuticle-cell wall interface completely recovered in complemented lines, whereas only slight differences in cuticular composition were observed. Thus, AtLTP2 may not play the historical purported nsLTP shuttling role across the cell wall, but we rather hypothesize that AtLTP2 could play a major structural role by maintaining the integrity of the adhesion between the mainly hydrophobic cuticle and the hydrophilic underlying cell wall. Altogether, these results gave new insights into nsLTP functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Jacq
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clémentine Pernot
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yves Martinez
- Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, Fédération de Recherche FR3450–Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS Université de Bordeaux–INRA Bordeaux AquitaineVillenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Bruno Payré
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse III, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Valérie B. Pacquit
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS)Castanet-Tolosan, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie B. Pacquit,
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77
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Fu X, Shi P, He Q, Shen Q, Tang Y, Pan Q, Ma Y, Yan T, Chen M, Hao X, Liu P, Li L, Wang Y, Sun X, Tang K. AaPDR3, a PDR Transporter 3, Is Involved in Sesquiterpene β-Caryophyllene Transport in Artemisia annua. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:723. [PMID: 28533790 PMCID: PMC5420590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin, a sesquiterpenoid endoperoxide, isolated from the plant Artemisia annua L., is widely used in the treatment of malaria. Another sesquiterpenoid, β-caryophyllene having antibiotic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and local anesthetic activities, is also presented in A. annua. The role played by sesquiterpene transporters in trichomes and accumulation of these metabolites is poorly understood in A. annua and in trichomes of other plant species. We identified AaPDR3, encoding a pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporter located to the plasma membrane from A. annua. Expression of AaPDR3 is tissue-specifically and developmentally regulated in A. annua. GUS activity is primarily restricted to T-shaped trichomes of old leaves and roots of transgenic A. annua plants expressing proAaPDR3: GUS. The level of β-caryophyllene was decreased in transgenic A. annua plants expressing AaPDR3-RNAi while transgenic A. annua plants expressing increased levels of AaPDR3 accumulated higher levels of β-caryophyllene. When AaPDR3 was expressed in transformed yeast, yeasts expressing AaPDR3 accumulated more β-caryophyllene, rather than germacrene D and β-farnesene, compared to the non-expressing control.
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78
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Mostafa I, Yoo MJ, Zhu N, Geng S, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, El-Domiaty M, Chen S. Membrane Proteomics of Arabidopsis Glucosinolate Mutants cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:534. [PMID: 28443122 PMCID: PMC5387099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (Gls) constitute a major group of natural metabolites represented by three major classes (aliphatic, indolic and aromatic) of more than 120 chemical structures. In our previous work, soluble proteins and metabolites in Arabidopsis mutants deficient of aliphatic (myb28/29) and indolic Gls (cyp79B2B3) were analyzed. Here we focus on investigating the changes at the level of membrane proteins in these mutants. Our LC/MS-MS analyses of tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled peptides derived from the cyp79B2/B3 and myb28/29 relative to wild type resulted in the identification of 4,673 proteins, from which 2,171 are membrane proteins. Fold changes and statistical analysis showed 64 increased and 74 decreased in cyp79B2/B3, while 28 increased and 17 decreased in myb28/29. As to the shared protein changes between the mutants, one protein was increased and eight were decreased. Bioinformatics analysis of the changed proteins led to the discovery of three cytochromes in glucosinolate molecular network (GMN): cytochrome P450 86A7 (At1g63710), cytochrome P450 71B26 (At3g26290), and probable cytochrome c (At1g22840). CYP86A7 and CYP71B26 may play a role in hydroxyl-indolic Gls production. In addition, flavone 3'-O-methyltransferase 1 represents an interesting finding as it is likely to participate in the methylation process of the hydroxyl-indolic Gls to form methoxy-indolic Gls. The analysis also revealed additional new nodes in the GMN related to stress and defense activity, transport, photosynthesis, and translation processes. Gene expression and protein levels were found to be correlated in the cyp79B2/B3, but not in the myb28/29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sisi Geng
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Sixue Chen
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79
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Liu J, Cai J, Wang R, Yang S. Transcriptional Regulation and Transport of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus: Exploration of New Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010053. [PMID: 28036025 PMCID: PMC5297688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways, Catharanthus roseus synthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. Given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of TIA in C. roseus plant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking or long-distance transport of TIA end products or intermediates, as well as their regulation. While these transport processes are indispensable for multi-organelle, -tissue and -cell biosynthesis, storage and their functions, great efforts have been made to explore these dynamic cellular processes. Progress has been made in past decades on transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis by transcription factors as either activators or repressors; recent studies also revealed several transporters involved in subcellular and inter-cellular TIA trafficking. However, many details and the regulatory network for controlling the tissue-or cell-specific biosynthesis, transport and storage of serpentine and ajmalicine in root, catharanthine in leaf and root, vindoline specifically in leaf and vinblastine and vincristine only in green leaf and their biosynthetic intermediates remain to be determined. This review is to summarize the progress made in biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and transport of TIAs. Based on analysis of organelle, tissue and cell-type specific biosynthesis and progresses in transport and trafficking of similar natural products, the transporters that might be involved in transport of TIAs and their synthetic intermediates are discussed; according to transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic approaches, the transcription factors that might be involved in TIA biosynthesis are analyzed. Further discussion is made on a broad context of transcriptional and transport regulation in order to guide our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Junjun Cai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
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Sasse J, Schlegel M, Borghi L, Ullrich F, Lee M, Liu GW, Giner JL, Kayser O, Bigler L, Martinoia E, Kretzschmar T. Petunia hybrida PDR2 is involved in herbivore defense by controlling steroidal contents in trichomes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2725-2739. [PMID: 27628025 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As a first line of defense against insect herbivores many plants store high concentrations of toxic and deterrent secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes. Plant Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR)-type ABC transporters are known secondary metabolite transporters, and several have been implicated in pathogen or herbivore defense. Here, we report on Petunia hybrida PhPDR2 as a major contributor to trichome-related chemical defense. PhPDR2 was found to localize to the plasma membrane and be predominantly expressed in multicellular glandular trichomes of leaves and stems. Down-regulation of PhPDR2 via RNA interference (pdr2) resulted in a markedly higher susceptibility of the transgenic plants to the generalist foliage feeder Spodoptera littoralis. Untargeted screening of pdr2 trichome metabolite contents showed a significant decrease in petuniasterone and petuniolide content, compounds, which had previously been shown to act as potent toxins against various insects. Our findings suggest that PhPDR2 plays a leading role in controlling petuniasterone levels in leaves and trichomes of petunia, thus contributing to herbivory resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Sasse
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schlegel
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Ullrich
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Kayser
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
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81
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Manan S, Chen B, She G, Wan X, Zhao J. Transport and transcriptional regulation of oil production in plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:641-655. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1212185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Manan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangbiao She
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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82
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Shitan N. Secondary metabolites in plants: transport and self-tolerance mechanisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1283-93. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1151344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plants produce a host of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities, including potential toxicity to eukaryotic cells. Plants generally manage these compounds by transport to the apoplast or specific organelles such as the vacuole, or other self-tolerance mechanisms. For efficient production of such bioactive compounds in plants or microbes, transport and self-tolerance mechanisms should function cooperatively with the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes. Intensive studies have identified and characterized the proteins responsible for transport and self-tolerance. In particular, many transporters have been isolated and their physiological functions have been proposed. This review describes recent progress in studies of transport and self-tolerance and provides an updated inventory of transporters according to their substrates. Application of such knowledge to synthetic biology might enable efficient production of valuable secondary metabolites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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83
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Ofner I, Lashbrooke J, Pleban T, Aharoni A, Zamir D. Solanum pennellii backcross inbred lines (BILs) link small genomic bins with tomato traits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:151-60. [PMID: 27121752 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a resource for fine mapping of traits derived from the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii (LA0716). The population of backcross inbred lines (BILs) is composed of 446 lines derived after a few generations of backcrosses of the wild species with cultivated tomato (cultivar M82; LA3475), followed by more than seven generations of self-pollination. The BILs were genotyped using the 10K SOL-CAP single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -Chip, and 3700 polymorphic markers were used to map recombination break points relative to the physical map of Solanum lycopersicum. The BILs carry, on average, 2.7 introgressions per line, with a mean introgression length of 11.7 Mbp. Whereas the classic 76 introgression lines (ILs) partitioned the genome into 106 mapping bins, the BILs generated 633 bins, thereby enhancing the mapping resolution of traits derived from the wild species. We demonstrate the power of the BILs for rapid fine mapping of simple and complex traits derived from the wild tomato species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Ofner
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Justin Lashbrooke
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Environment, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, TN, Italy
| | - Tzili Pleban
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Environment, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Dani Zamir
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Garroum I, Bidzinski P, Daraspe J, Mucciolo A, Humbel BM, Morel JB, Nawrath C. Cuticular Defects in Oryza sativa ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G31 Mutant Plants Cause Dwarfism, Elevated Defense Responses and Pathogen Resistance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1179-88. [PMID: 27121976 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle covers the surface of the polysaccharide cell wall of leaf epidermal cells and forms an essential diffusion barrier between plant and environment. Homologs of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter AtABCG32/HvABCG31 clade are necessary for the formation of a functional cuticle in both monocots and dicots. Here we characterize the osabcg31 knockout mutant and hairpin RNA interference (RNAi)-down-regulated OsABCG31 plant lines having reduced plant growth and a permeable cuticle. The reduced content of cutin in leaves and structural alterations in the cuticle and at the cuticle-cell wall interface in plants compromised in OsABCG31 expression explain the cuticle permeability. Effects of modifications of the cuticle on plant-microbe interactions were evaluated. The cuticular alterations in OsABCG31-compromised plants did not cause deficiencies in germination of the spores or the formation of appressoria of Magnaporthe oryzae on the leaf surface, but a strong reduction of infection structures inside the plant. Genes involved in pathogen resistance were constitutively up-regulated in OsABCG31-compromised plants, thus being a possible cause of the resistance to M. oryzae and the dwarf growth phenotype. The findings show that in rice an abnormal cuticle formation may affect the signaling of plant growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Garroum
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Przemyslaw Bidzinski
- INRA, UMR-BGPI TA A-54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Present address: INRA, SupAgro, UMR-BPMP, Bat. 7, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean Daraspe
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- INRA, UMR-BGPI TA A-54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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85
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Fich EA, Segerson NA, Rose JKC. The Plant Polyester Cutin: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Biological Roles. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:207-33. [PMID: 26865339 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutin, a polyester composed mostly of oxygenated fatty acids, serves as the framework of the plant cuticle. The same types of cutin monomers occur across most plant lineages, although some evolutionary trends are evident. Additionally, cutins from some species have monomer profiles that are characteristic of the related polymer suberin. Compositional differences likely have profound structural consequences, but little is known about cutin's molecular organization and architectural heterogeneity. Its biological importance is suggested by the wide variety of associated mutants and gene-silencing lines that show a disruption of cuticular integrity, giving rise to numerous physiological and developmental abnormalities. Mapping and characterization of these mutants, along with suppression of gene paralogs through RNA interference, have revealed much of the biosynthetic pathway and several regulatory factors; however, the mechanisms of cutin polymerization and its interactions with other cuticle and cell wall components are only now beginning to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Fich
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - Nicholas A Segerson
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
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86
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Hwang JU, Song WY, Hong D, Ko D, Yamaoka Y, Jang S, Yim S, Lee E, Khare D, Kim K, Palmgren M, Yoon HS, Martinoia E, Lee Y. Plant ABC Transporters Enable Many Unique Aspects of a Terrestrial Plant's Lifestyle. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:338-355. [PMID: 26902186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants have two to four times more ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes than other organisms, including their ancestral microalgae. Recent studies found that plants harboring mutations in these transporters exhibit dramatic phenotypes, many of which are related to developmental processes and functions necessary for life on dry land. These results suggest that ABC transporters multiplied during evolution and assumed novel functions that allowed plants to adapt to terrestrial environmental conditions. Examining the literature on plant ABC transporters from this viewpoint led us to propose that diverse ABC transporters enabled many unique and essential aspects of a terrestrial plant's lifestyle, by transporting various compounds across specific membranes of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ung Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Won-Yong Song
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Daewoong Hong
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Donghwi Ko
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Jang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sojeong Yim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Deepa Khare
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kyungyoon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Center for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea; Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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87
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Philippe G, Gaillard C, Petit J, Geneix N, Dalgalarrondo M, Bres C, Mauxion JP, Franke R, Rothan C, Schreiber L, Marion D, Bakan B. Ester Cross-Link Profiling of the Cutin Polymer of Wild-Type and Cutin Synthase Tomato Mutants Highlights Different Mechanisms of Polymerization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:807-20. [PMID: 26676255 PMCID: PMC4734573 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cuticle function is closely related to the structure of the cutin polymer. However, the structure and formation of this hydrophobic polyester of glycerol and hydroxy/epoxy fatty acids has not been fully resolved. An apoplastic GDSL-lipase known as CUTIN SYNTHASE1 (CUS1) is required for cutin deposition in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit exocarp. In vitro, CUS1 catalyzes the self-transesterification of 2-monoacylglycerol of 9(10),16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, the major tomato cutin monomer. This reaction releases glycerol and leads to the formation of oligomers with the secondary hydroxyl group remaining nonesterified. To check this mechanism in planta, a benzyl etherification of nonesterified hydroxyl groups of glycerol and hydroxy fatty acids was performed within cutin. Remarkably, in addition to a significant decrease in cutin deposition, mid-chain hydroxyl esterification of the dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid was affected in tomato RNA interference and ethyl methanesulfonate-cus1 mutants. Furthermore, in these mutants, the esterification of both sn-1,3 and sn-2 positions of glycerol was impacted, and their cutin contained a higher molar glycerol-to-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid ratio. Therefore, in planta, CUS1 can catalyze the esterification of both primary and secondary alcohol groups of cutin monomers, and another enzymatic or nonenzymatic mechanism of polymerization may coexist with CUS1-catalyzed polymerization. This mechanism is poorly efficient with secondary alcohol groups and produces polyesters with lower molecular size. Confocal Raman imaging of benzyl etherified cutins showed that the polymerization is heterogenous at the fruit surface. Finally, by comparing tomato mutants either affected or not in cutin polymerization, we concluded that the level of cutin cross-linking had no significant impact on water permeance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Philippe
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Cédric Gaillard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Johann Petit
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Nathalie Geneix
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Michèle Dalgalarrondo
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Cécile Bres
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Rochus Franke
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Didier Marion
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Research Unit Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, BP71627 44316, Nantes cedex 3, France (G.P., C.G., N.G., M.D., D.M., B.B.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., C.R.); andInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (R.F., L.S.)
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88
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Li N, Xu C, Li-Beisson Y, Philippar K. Fatty Acid and Lipid Transport in Plant Cells. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:145-158. [PMID: 26616197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) and lipids are essential - not only as membrane constituents but also for growth and development. In plants and algae, FAs are synthesized in plastids and to a large extent transported to the endoplasmic reticulum for modification and lipid assembly. Subsequently, lipophilic compounds are distributed within the cell, and thus are transported across most membrane systems. Membrane-intrinsic transporters and proteins for cellular FA/lipid transfer therefore represent key components for delivery and dissemination. In addition to highlighting their role in lipid homeostasis and plant performance, different transport mechanisms for land plants and green algae - in the model systems Arabidopsis thaliana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - are compared, thereby providing a current perspective on protein-mediated FA and lipid trafficking in photosynthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation (RCBB), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 50 Bell Avenue, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, The French Atomic and Alternative Energy Commission, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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89
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CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 Are Two bHLH Transcription Factors Participating in Synergistic Regulation of AtCFL1-Mediated Cuticle Development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005744. [PMID: 26745719 PMCID: PMC4706423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle is a hydrophobic lipid layer covering the epidermal cells of terrestrial plants. Although many genes involved in Arabidopsis cuticle development have been identified, the transcriptional regulation of these genes is largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that AtCFL1 negatively regulates cuticle development by interacting with the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor HDG1. Here, we report that two bHLH transcription factors, AtCFL1 associated protein 1 (CFLAP1) and CFLAP2, are also involved in AtCFL1-mediated regulation of cuticle development. CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 interact with AtCFL1 both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of either CFLAP1 or CFLAP2 led to expressional changes of genes involved in fatty acids, cutin and wax biosynthesis pathways and caused multiple cuticle defective phenotypes such as organ fusion, breakage of the cuticle layer and decreased epicuticular wax crystal loading. Functional inactivation of CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 by chimeric repression technology caused opposite phenotypes to the CFLAP1 overexpressor plants. Interestingly, we find that, similar to the transcription factor HDG1, the function of CFLAP1 in cuticle development is dependent on the presence of AtCFL1. Furthermore, both HDG1 and CFLAP1/2 interact with the same C-terminal C4 zinc finger domain of AtCFL1, a domain that is essential for AtCFL1 function. These results suggest that AtCFL1 may serve as a master regulator in the transcriptional regulation of cuticle development, and that CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 are involved in the AtCFL1-mediated regulation pathway, probably through competing with HDG1 to bind to AtCFL1. The cuticle is a continuous lipid layer covering the aerial parts of land plants. It is very important for the plants, especially for those in the drought area. The biosynthesis of cuticle have been studied well in past decades, however, the transcriptional regulation is still largely unknown. Here we found two new bHLH transcription factors, AtCFL1 associated protein 1 (CFLAP1) and its homolog CFLAP2, which could interact with AtCFL1, a previously identified negative regulator of Arabidopsis cuticle formation. Overexpression of CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 caused cuticle developmental defects, which are similar to the phenotypes of AtCFL1 overexpression plants. Functional inactivation of CFLAP1 in Arabidopsis presents opposite phenotypes to those of its overexpressor. Interestingly, the function of CFLAP1 is dependent on the presence of AtCFL1. These results suggest that CFLAP1 and CFLAP2 regulate cuticle development by interacting with AtCFL1, and that AtCFL1 may work as a master regulator in the transcriptional regulation network.
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90
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Zhao G, Shi J, Liang W, Zhang D. ATP binding cassette G transporters and plant male reproduction. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1136764. [PMID: 26906115 PMCID: PMC4883977 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1136764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The function of ATP Binding Cassette G (ABCG) transporters in the regulation of plant vegetative organs development has been well characterized in various plant species. In contrast, their function in reproductive development particularly male reproductive development received considerably less attention till some ABCG transporters was reported to be associated with anther and pollen wall development in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) during the past decade. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge of ABCG transporters regarding to their roles in male reproduction and underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms, which makes it evident that ABCG transporters represent one of those conserved and divergent components closely related to male reproduction in plants. This mini-review also discusses the current challenges and future perspectives in this particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence to: Guochao Zhao,
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91
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Rajsz A, Warzybok A, Migocka M. Genes Encoding Cucumber Full-Size ABCG Proteins Show Different Responses to Plant Growth Regulators and Sclareolide. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2016; 34:720-736. [PMID: 27429510 PMCID: PMC4923091 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-015-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Full-size members of the ABCG (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G) subfamily of ABC transporters have been found only in plants and fungi. The plant genes encoding full-size ABCGs identified so far appeared to be differentially regulated under various environmental constraints, plant growth regulators, and microbial elicitors, indicating a broad functional role of these proteins in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Nevertheless, the structure and physiological function of full-size ABCGs in many plant species are still unknown. We have recently identified 16 genes encoding full-size ABCG proteins in cucumber and found that the transcripts of two of them, CsABCG36 (CsPDR8) and CsABCG40 (CsPDR12), are most abundant in roots and are significantly affected by phytohormones and auxin herbicide. In this study, we analyzed the structure and phylogeny of all the full-size cucumber ABCG transporters and studied the organ expression profiles of the remaining 14 CsABCG genes. In addition, we investigated the effect of different plant growth regulators and the diterpene sclareolide on CsABCG expression in cucumber roots. Until now, the full-size plant ABCG transporters have been grouped into five different clusters. The new phylogenetic analysis of full-size ABCGs from model plants and cucumber clustered these proteins into six different subgroups. Interestingly, the expression profiles of cucumber ABCG genes assigned to the same clusters were not correlated, suggesting functional diversification or different regulatory mechanisms of the full-size cucumber ABCG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rajsz
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Warzybok
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Migocka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
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92
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Fabre G, Garroum I, Mazurek S, Daraspe J, Mucciolo A, Sankar M, Humbel BM, Nawrath C. The ABCG transporter PEC1/ABCG32 is required for the formation of the developing leaf cuticle in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:192-201. [PMID: 26406899 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is an essential diffusion barrier on aerial surfaces of land plants whose structural component is the polyester cutin. The PERMEABLE CUTICLE1/ABCG32 (PEC1) transporter is involved in plant cuticle formation in Arabidopsis. The gpat6 pec1 and gpat4 gapt8 pec1 double and triple mutants are characterized. Their PEC1-specific contributions to aliphatic cutin composition and cuticle formation during plant development are revealed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The composition of cutin changes during rosette leaf expansion in Arabidopsis. C16:0 monomers are in higher abundance in expanding than in fully expanded leaves. The atypical cutin monomer C18:2 dicarboxylic acid is more prominent in fully expanded leaves. Findings point to differences in the regulation of several pathways of cutin precursor synthesis. PEC1 plays an essential role during expansion of the rosette leaf cuticle. The reduction of C16 monomers in the pec1 mutant during leaf expansion is unlikely to cause permeability of the leaf cuticle because the gpat6 mutant with even fewer C16:0 monomers forms a functional rosette leaf cuticle at all stages of development. PEC1/ABCG32 transport activity affects cutin composition and cuticle structure in a specific and non-redundant fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fabre
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Imène Garroum
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylwester Mazurek
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jean Daraspe
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martial Sankar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lashbrooke J, Adato A, Lotan O, Alkan N, Tsimbalist T, Rechav K, Fernandez-Moreno JP, Widemann E, Grausem B, Pinot F, Granell A, Costa F, Aharoni A. The Tomato MIXTA-Like Transcription Factor Coordinates Fruit Epidermis Conical Cell Development and Cuticular Lipid Biosynthesis and Assembly. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2553-71. [PMID: 26443676 PMCID: PMC4677903 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis of aerial plant organs is the primary source of building blocks forming the outer surface cuticular layer. To examine the relationship between epidermal cell development and cuticle assembly in the context of fruit surface, we investigated the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MIXTA-like gene. MIXTA/MIXTA-like proteins, initially described in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) petals, are known regulators of epidermal cell differentiation. Fruit of transgenically silenced SlMIXTA-like tomato plants displayed defects in patterning of conical epidermal cells. They also showed altered postharvest water loss and resistance to pathogens. Transcriptome and cuticular lipids profiling coupled with comprehensive microscopy revealed significant modifications to cuticle assembly and suggested SlMIXTA-like to regulate cutin biosynthesis. Candidate genes likely acting downstream of SlMIXTA-like included cytochrome P450s (CYPs) of the CYP77A and CYP86A subfamilies, LONG-CHAIN ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE2, GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE SN-2-ACYLTRANSFERASE4, and the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE11 cuticular lipids transporter. As part of a larger regulatory network of epidermal cell patterning and L1-layer identity, we found that SlMIXTA-like acts downstream of SlSHINE3 and possibly cooperates with homeodomain Leu zipper IV transcription factors. Hence, SlMIXTA-like is a positive regulator of both cuticle and conical epidermal cell formation in tomato fruit, acting as a mediator of the tight association between fruit cutin polymer formation, cuticle assembly, and epidermal cell patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lashbrooke
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Avital Adato
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Orfa Lotan
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Tatiana Tsimbalist
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Josefina-Patricia Fernandez-Moreno
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Emilie Widemann
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Bernard Grausem
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Franck Pinot
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Antonio Granell
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences (J.L., A.Ad., O.L., N.A., T.T., J.-P.F.-M., A.Ah.) andChemical Research Support (K.R.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy (J.L., F.C.);Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa (J.L.);Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (N.A.);Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (J.-P.F.-M., A.G.); andDépartement Réseaux Métaboliques chez les Végétaux, Institut de Biologie Molééculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (E.W., B.G., F.P.)
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Zhao G, Shi J, Liang W, Xue F, Luo Q, Zhu L, Qu G, Chen M, Schreiber L, Zhang D. Two ATP Binding Cassette G Transporters, Rice ATP Binding Cassette G26 and ATP Binding Cassette G15, Collaboratively Regulate Rice Male Reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2064-79. [PMID: 26392263 PMCID: PMC4634043 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Male reproduction in higher plants requires the support of various metabolites, including lipid molecules produced in the innermost anther wall layer (the tapetum), but how the molecules are allocated among different anther tissues remains largely unknown. Previously, rice (Oryza sativa) ATP binding cassette G15 (ABCG15) and its Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog were shown to be required for pollen exine formation. Here, we report the significant role of OsABCG26 in regulating the development of anther cuticle and pollen exine together with OsABCG15 in rice. Cytological and chemical analyses indicate that osabcg26 shows reduced transport of lipidic molecules from tapetal cells for anther cuticle development. Supportively, the localization of OsABCG26 is on the plasma membrane of the anther wall layers. By contrast, OsABCG15 is polarly localized in tapetal plasma membrane facing anther locules. osabcg26 osabcg15 double mutant displays an almost complete absence of anther cuticle and pollen exine, similar to that of osabcg15 single mutant. Taken together, we propose that OsABCG26 and OsABCG15 collaboratively regulate rice male reproduction: OsABCG26 is mainly responsible for the transport of lipidic molecules from tapetal cells to anther wall layers, whereas OsABCG15 mainly is responsible for the export of lipidic molecules from the tapetal cells to anther locules for pollen exine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Jianxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Feiyang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Guorun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
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95
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Ma X, Wang P, Zhou S, Sun Y, Liu N, Li X, Hou Y. De novo transcriptome sequencing and comprehensive analysis of the drought-responsive genes in the desert plant Cynanchum komarovii. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:753. [PMID: 26444539 PMCID: PMC4594960 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynanchum komarovii Al Iljinski is a xerophytic plant species widely distributing in the severely adverse environment of the deserts in northwest China. At present, the detailed transcriptomic and genomic data for C. komarovii are still insufficient in public databases. RESULTS To investigate changes of drought-responsive genes and explore the mechanisms of drought tolerance in C. komarovii, approximately 27.5 GB sequencing data were obtained using Illumina sequencing technology. After de novo assembly 148,715 unigenes were generated with an average length of 604 bp. Among these unigenes, 85,106 were annotated with gene descriptions, conserved domains, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways. The results showed that a great number of unigenes were significantly affected by drought stress. We identified 3134 unigenes as reliable differentially expressed genes (DEGs). During drought stress, the regulatory genes were involved in signaling transduction pathways and in controlling the expression of functional genes. Moreover, C. komarovii activated many functional genes that directly protected against stress and improved tolerance to adapt drought condition. Importantly, the DEGs were involved in biosynthesis, export, and regulation of plant cuticle, suggesting that plant cuticle may play a vital role in response to drought stress and the accumulation of cuticle may allow C. komarovii to improve the tolerance to drought stress. CONCLUSION This is the first large-scale reference sequence data of C. komarovii, which enlarge the genomic resources of this species. Our comprehensive transcriptome analysis will provide a valuable resource for further investigation into the molecular adaptation of desert plants under drought condition and facilitate the exploration of drought-tolerant candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Sihong Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Nana Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoning Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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96
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Domínguez E, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Heredia A. Plant cutin genesis: unanswered questions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:551-8. [PMID: 26115781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The genesis of cutin, the main lipid polymer present in the biosphere, has remained elusive for many years. Recently, two main approaches have attempted to explain the process of cutin polymerization. One describes the existence of an acyltransferase cutin synthase enzyme that links activated monomers of cutin in the outer cell wall, while the other shows that plant cutin is the final result of an extracellular nonenzymatic self-assembly and polymerizing process of cutin monomers. In this opinion article, we explain both models and suggest that they could be pieces of a more complex biological scenario. We also highlight their different characteristics and current limitations, and suggest a potential synergism of both hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Domínguez
- IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, E.E. La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Algarrobo-Costa, E-29750 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Heredia
- IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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97
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Nafisi M, Stranne M, Fimognari L, Atwell S, Martens HJ, Pedas PR, Hansen SF, Nawrath C, Scheller HV, Kliebenstein DJ, Sakuragi Y. Acetylation of cell wall is required for structural integrity of the leaf surface and exerts a global impact on plant stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:550. [PMID: 26257757 PMCID: PMC4510344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis on leaves protects plants from pathogen invasion and provides a waterproof barrier. It consists of a layer of cells that is surrounded by thick cell walls, which are partially impregnated by highly hydrophobic cuticular components. We show that the Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants of REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION 2 (rwa2), previously identified as having reduced O-acetylation of both pectins and hemicelluloses, exhibit pleiotrophic phenotype on the leaf surface. The cuticle layer appeared diffused and was significantly thicker and underneath cell wall layer was interspersed with electron-dense deposits. A large number of trichomes were collapsed and surface permeability of the leaves was enhanced in rwa2 as compared to the wild type. A massive reprogramming of the transcriptome was observed in rwa2 as compared to the wild type, including a coordinated up-regulation of genes involved in responses to abiotic stress, particularly detoxification of reactive oxygen species and defense against microbial pathogens (e.g., lipid transfer proteins, peroxidases). In accordance, peroxidase activities were found to be elevated in rwa2 as compared to the wild type. These results indicate that cell wall acetylation is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of leaf epidermis, and that reduction of cell wall acetylation leads to global stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majse Nafisi
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Stranne
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lorenzo Fimognari
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Susanna Atwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Helle J. Martens
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pai R. Pedas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sara F. Hansen
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
- Danish National Research Foundation Center DynaMOFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yumiko Sakuragi
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterFrederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
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98
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Abstract
ATP-driven transport across biological membranes is a key process to translocate solutes from the interior of the cell to the extracellular environment. In humans, ATP-binding cassette transporters are involved in absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, and also play a major role in anticancer drug resistance. Analogous transporters are also known to be involved in phytohormone translocation. These include, e.g., the transport of auxin by ABCB1/19 in Arabidopsis thaliana, the transport of abscisic acid by AtABCG25, and the transport of strigolactone by the Petunia hybrida ABC transporter PDR1. Within this article, we outline the current knowledge about plant ABC transporters with respect to their structure and function, and provide, for the first time, a protein homology model of the strigolactone transporter PDR1 from P. hybrida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hellsberg
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Floriane Montanari
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
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99
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Molina I, Kosma D. Role of HXXXD-motif/BAHD acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of extracellular lipids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:587-601. [PMID: 25510356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants have evolved specific adaptations to preserve water and protect themselves from their environment. Such adaptations range from secondary metabolites and specialized structures that conduct water and nutrients, to cell wall modifications (i.e., cuticle and suberin) that prevent dehydration and provide a physical barrier to pathogens. Both the plant cuticle and suberized cell walls contain a lipid polymer framework embedded with waxes, and constitute a promising target for controlled genetic modification to improve desirable agronomic traits. Recent advances in genomic and molecular techniques coupled with the development of robust analytical methods have accelerated progress in comprehending these intractable lipid polymers. Gene products characterized in the wax, cutin and suberin pathways include a subset of HXXXD/BAHD family enzymes that catalyze acyl transfer reactions between CoA-activated hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and hydroxylated aliphatics. This review highlights our current understanding of HXXXD/BAHD acyltransferases in extracellular lipid biosynthesis and discusses the chemical, ultrastructural and physiological ramifications of impairing the expression of BAHD acyltransferase-encoding genes related to cutin and suberin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Essar Convergence Centre, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada,
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100
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Veličković D, Herdier H, Philippe G, Marion D, Rogniaux H, Bakan B. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging: a powerful tool for probing the molecular topology of plant cutin polymer. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:926-35. [PMID: 25280021 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The cutin polymers of different fruit cuticles (tomato, apple, nectarine) were examined using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) after in situ release of the lipid monomers by alkaline hydrolysis. The mass spectra were acquired from each coordinate with a lateral spatial resolution of approximately 100 μm. Specific monomers were released at their original location in the tissue, suggesting that post-hydrolysis diffusion can be neglected. Relative quantification of the species was achieved by introducing an internal standard, and the collection of data was subjected to non-supervised and supervised statistical treatments. The molecular images obtained showed a specific distribution of ions that could unambiguously be ascribed to cutinized and suberized regions observed at the surface of fruit cuticles, thus demonstrating that the method is able to probe some structural changes that affect hydrophobic cuticle polymers. Subsequent chemical assignment of the differentiating ions was performed, and all of these ions could be matched to cutin and suberin molecular markers. Therefore, this MALDI-MSI procedure provides a powerful tool for probing the surface heterogeneity of plant lipid polymers. This method should facilitate rapid investigation of the relationships between cuticle phenotypes and the structure of cutin within a large population of mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Veličković
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316, Nantes, France
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