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Ciciolla L, Curlee AS, Karageorge J, Luthar SS. When Mothers and Fathers Are Seen as Disproportionately Valuing Achievements: Implications for Adjustment Among Upper Middle Class Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:1057-1075. [PMID: 27830404 PMCID: PMC5389911 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High achievement expectations and academic pressure from parents have been implicated in rising levels of stress and reduced well-being among adolescents. In this study of affluent, middle school youth, we examined how perceptions of parents' emphases on achievement (relative to prosocial behavior) influenced youth's psychological adjustment and school performance, and examined perceived parental criticism as a possible moderator of this association. The data were collected from 506 (50 % female) middle school students from a predominately white, upper middle class community. Students reported their perceptions of parents' values by rank ordering a list of achievement- and prosocial-oriented goals based on what they believed was most valued by their mothers and fathers for them (the child) to achieve. The data also included students' reports of perceived parental criticism, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and self-esteem, as well as school-based data on grade point average and teacher-reported classroom behavior. Person-based analyses revealed six distinct latent classes based on perceptions of both mother and father emphases on achievement. Class comparisons showed a consistent pattern of healthier child functioning, including higher school performance, higher self-esteem, and lower psychological symptoms, in association with low to neutral parental achievement emphasis, whereas poorer child functioning was associated with high parental achievement emphasis. In variable-based analyses, interaction effects showed elevated maladjustment when high maternal achievement emphasis coexisted with high (but not low) perceived parental criticism. Results of the study suggest that to foster early adolescents' well-being in affluent school settings, parents focus on prioritizing intrinsic, prosocial values that promote affiliation and community, at least as much as, or more than, they prioritize academic performance and external achievement; and strive to limit the amount of criticism and pressure they place on their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ciciolla
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Lam CB, Stanik C, McHale SM. The development and correlates of gender role attitudes in African American youth. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 35:406-419. [PMID: 28230275 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This research examined the longitudinal trajectories and family correlates of gender role attitudes in African American youth in a sample of 166 sibling pairs residing with their mothers and fathers. Multilevel modelling revealed that (1) girls and boys exhibited significant declines in gender attitude traditionality from ages 9 to 15 that levelled off through age 18, (2) mothers' (but not fathers') gender role attitude traditionality was positively related to youth's attitude traditionality, and (3) within-person variation in mothers' (but not fathers') racial discrimination experiences was negatively related to within-person variation in youth's gender role attitude traditionality. The utility of applying a cultural ecological framework within an ethnic homogenous, accelerated longitudinal design to understand African American family processes, in conjunction with the intersectionality between race and gender, is the focus of the discussion. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Gender role attitude traditionality declined for girls, but not for boys, in European and Mexican American families. Little is known about the roles of African American parents in shaping their children's gender development. What does this study add? For African American girls and boys, gender role attitude traditionality declined from ages 9 to 15 and then levelled off through age 18. At the between-person level, African American mothers', but not fathers', attitude traditionality was positively linked to that of their children. At the within-person level, African American mothers', but not fathers', experiences of racial discrimination were negatively linked to their children's attitude traditionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Bun Lam
- The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Christine Stanik
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan M McHale
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Browne TK. Why parents should not be told the sex of their fetus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2017; 43:5-10. [PMID: 26846488 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2015-102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new technique called non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been developed, which can detect a range of genetic and chromosomal diseases, as well as fetal sex earlier, more easily and more reliably. NIPT, therefore, potentially expands the market for sex determination and sex selective abortion. This paper argues that both practices should be prevented by not including fetal sex in prenatal test reports. This is because there is a discrepancy between what parents are concerned with (gender) and what the prenatal test can provide (sex). The paper first presents arguments, which indicate a difference between sex and gender before presenting parental motivations for sex selection and sex determination to show that parents are not concerned with their child's sex chromosomes, or even their genitalia, but the gender role that their child will espouse. That, however, is not something that a prenatal test can provide. We are thus left with a situation in which what parents are told, and what they think they are being told, are two different things. In other words, as the conflation of sex with gender is implicit in the disclosure of fetal sex, it may be more accurate to refer to it as misinformation. This misinformation promotes sexism via gender essentialism, which is neither in the interests of the future child nor society.
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Lippold MA, Davis KD, Lawson KM, McHale SM. Day-to-day Consistency in Positive Parent-Child Interactions and Youth Well-Being. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:3584-3592. [PMID: 28736495 PMCID: PMC5519304 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-016-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of positive parent-child interactions is associated with youth adjustment. Yet, little is known about daily parent-child interactions and how day-to-day consistency in positive parent-child interactions may be linked to youth well-being. Using a daily diary approach, this study added to this literature to investigate whether and how day-to-day consistency in positive parent-child interactions was linked to youth depressive symptoms, risky behavior, and physical health. Participants were youth whose parents were employed in the IT division of a Fortune 500 company (N = 129, youth's mean age = 13.39, 55 % female), who participated in an 8 day daily diary study. Analyses revealed that, controlling for cross-day mean levels of positive parent-child interactions, older (but not younger) adolescents who experienced more consistency in positive interactions with parents had fewer depressive and physical health symptoms (e.g., colds, flu). The discussion focuses on the utility of daily diary methods for assessing the correlates of consistency in parenting, possible processes underlying these associations, and intervention implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Lippold
- The School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB#3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, USA
| | - Kelly D. Davis
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 418 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katie M. Lawson
- Ball State University, Ball State University, 113 North Quad Building, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Susan M. McHale
- The Pennsylvania State University, 114 Henderson (North), University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Skinner OD, Perkins K, Wood D, Kurtz-Costes B. Gender Development in African American Youth. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798415585217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using the organizing framework of Ruble, Martin, and Berenbaum (2006), we summarized literature on gender development in African American youth within six content areas: biological/categorical sex, activities and interests, personal-social attributes, social relationships, styles and symbols, and values regarding gender. Results with African Americans were compared with what is known about gender processes in other U.S. racial groups, and gaps in the literature were noted. Finally, we summarized the literature on socialization influences on gender development in African American youth, focusing particularly on parents and media. Our review shows that gender, along with race, plays a significant role in the development of African American youth, with many of these processes similar to what is found in youth of other racial/ethnic groups. Contextual factors such as family structure and racial context are important to take into account to best understand individual differences in the gender development of Black youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Wood
- Georgia College, Milledgeville, GA, USA
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Endendijk JJ, Groeneveld MG, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Mesman J. Gender-Differentiated Parenting Revisited: Meta-Analysis Reveals Very Few Differences in Parental Control of Boys and Girls. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159193. [PMID: 27416099 PMCID: PMC4945059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various theories describe mechanisms leading to differential parenting of boys and girls, there is no consensus about the extent to which parents do treat their sons and daughters differently. The last meta-analyses on the subject were conducted more than fifteen years ago, and changes in gender-specific child rearing in the past decade are quite plausible. In the current set of meta-analyses, based on 126 observational studies (15,034 families), we examined mothers’ and fathers’ differential use of autonomy-supportive and controlling strategies with boys and girls, and the role of moderators related to the decade in which the study was conducted, the observational context, and sample characteristics. Databases of Web of Science, ERIC, PsychInfo, Online Contents, Picarta, and Proquest were searched for studies examining differences in observed parental control of boys and girls between the ages of 0 and 18 years. Few differences were found in parents’ use of control with boys and girls. Parents were slightly more controlling with boys than with girls, but the effect size was negligible (d = 0.08). The effect was larger, but still small, in normative groups and in samples with younger children. No overall effect for gender-differentiated autonomy-supportive strategies was found (d = 0.03). A significant effect of time emerged: studies published in the 1970s and 1980s reported more autonomy-supportive strategies with boys than toward girls, but from 1990 onwards parents showed somewhat more autonomy-supportive strategies with girls than toward boys. Taking into account parents’ gender stereotypes might uncover subgroups of families where gender-differentiated control is salient, but based on our systematic review of the currently available large data base we conclude that in general the differences between parenting of boys versus girls are minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J. Endendijk
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Judi Mesman
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Endendijk JJ, Groeneveld MG, van der Pol LD, van Berkel SR, Hallers-Haalboom ET, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Mesman J. Gender Differences in Child Aggression: Relations With Gender-Differentiated Parenting and Parents’ Gender-Role Stereotypes. Child Dev 2016; 88:299-316. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Halgunseth LC, Jensen AC, Sakuma KL, McHale SM. The role of mothers' and fathers' religiosity in African American adolescents' religious beliefs and practices. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 22:386-94. [PMID: 26414002 PMCID: PMC4809802 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To advance understanding of youth religiosity in its sociocultural context, this study examined the associations between parents' and adolescents' religious beliefs and practices and tested the roles of parent and youth gender and youth ethnic identity in these linkages. METHOD The sample included 130 two-parent, African American families. Adolescents (49% female) averaged 14.43 years old. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents were interviewed in their homes about their family and personal characteristics, including their religious beliefs. In a series of 7 nightly phone calls, adolescents reported on their daily practices, including time spent in religious practices (e.g., attending services, prayer), and parents reported on their time spent in religious practices with their adolescents. RESULTS Findings indicated that mothers' beliefs were linked to the beliefs of sons and daughters, but fathers' beliefs were only associated with the beliefs of sons. Mothers' practices were associated with youths' practices, but the link was stronger when mothers' held moderately strong religious beliefs. Fathers' practices were also linked to youth practices, but the association was stronger for daughters than for sons. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the understudied role of fathers in African American families, the importance of examining religiosity as a multidimensional construct, and the utility of ethnic homogeneous designs for illuminating the implications of sociocultural factors in the development of African American youth. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Halgunseth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut
| | | | - Kari-Lyn Sakuma
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - Susan M McHale
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Lippold MA, McHale SM, Davis KD, Almeida DM, King RB. Experiences With Parents and Youth Physical Health Symptoms and Cortisol: A Daily Diary Investigation. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:226-240. [PMID: 27231418 PMCID: PMC4876874 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using daily diary data, this study examined the associations between positive and negative parent-youth experiences and youth cortisol and physical health symptoms among a sample of adolescents (N=132, Mean Age = 13.39). On days when girls reported more negative experiences than usual, they exhibited more physical health symptoms and flatter evening cortisol slopes than usual. Negative experiences with mothers were associated with higher dinner and bedtime youth cortisol levels (between-person). Daily positive experiences with fathers were linked with lower dinner cortisol levels. Youth with high levels of negative experiences, on average, were less sensitive to daily variation in negative experiences than youth who experienced lower parental negativity. We discuss the benefits of a daily diary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Lippold
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro St CB#3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550
| | - Susan M. McHale
- The Pennsylvania State University, 114 Henderson (North), University Park PA 16802
| | - Kelly D. Davis
- Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness, The Pennsylvania State University, 135 E. Nittany Avenue, Suite 402, State College, PA 16801
| | - David M. Almeida
- The Pennsylvania State University, 403 BBH Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Rosalind B. King
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Health Scientist Administrator Population Dynamics Branch, 6100 Executive Blvd., Room 8B07, MSC 7510, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510
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REFERENCES. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/mono.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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First- and second-born adolescents' decision-making autonomy throughout adolescence. J Adolesc 2015; 45:250-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wheeler LA, Killoren SE, Whiteman SD, Updegraff KA, McHale SM, Umaña-Taylor AJ. Romantic Relationship Experiences from Late Adolescence to Young Adulthood: The Role of Older Siblings in Mexican-Origin Families. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 45:900-15. [PMID: 26590830 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Youth's experiences with romantic relationships during adolescence and young adulthood have far reaching implications for future relationships, health, and well-being; yet, although scholars have examined potential peer and parent influences, we know little about the role of siblings in youth's romantic relationships. Accordingly, this study examined the prospective longitudinal links between Mexican-origin older and younger siblings' romantic relationship experiences and variation by sibling structural and relationship characteristics (i.e., sibling age and gender similarity, younger siblings' modeling) and cultural values (i.e., younger siblings' familism values). Data from 246 Mexican-origin families with older (M = 20.65 years; SD = 1.57; 50 % female) and younger (M = 17.72 years; SD = .57; 51 % female) siblings were used to examine the likelihood of younger siblings' involvement in dating relationships, sexual relations, cohabitation, and engagement/marriage with probit path analyses. Findings revealed older siblings' reports of involvement in a dating relationship, cohabitation, and engagement/marriage predicted younger siblings' relationship experiences over a 2-year period. These links were moderated by sibling age spacing, younger siblings' reports of modeling and familism values. Our findings suggest the significance of social learning dynamics as well as relational and cultural contexts in understanding the links between older and younger siblings' romantic relationship experiences among Mexican-origin youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey A Wheeler
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 160D Whittier Research Center, P.O. Box 830858, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0858, USA.
| | - Sarah E Killoren
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, 408 Gentry Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shawn D Whiteman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kimberly A Updegraff
- The T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA
| | - Susan M McHale
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, 114 Henderson, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Adriana J Umaña-Taylor
- The T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA
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Dawson A, Pike A, Bird L. Associations between parental gendered attitudes and behaviours and children’s gender development across middle childhood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Eagly AH, Wood W. The Nature-Nurture Debates: 25 Years of Challenges in Understanding the Psychology of Gender. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 8:340-57. [PMID: 26172976 DOI: 10.1177/1745691613484767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature-nurture debates continue to be highly contentious in the psychology of gender despite the common recognition that both types of causal explanations are important. In this article, we provide a historical analysis of the vicissitudes of nature and nurture explanations of sex differences and similarities during the quarter century since the founding of the Association for Psychological Science. We consider how the increasing use of meta-analysis helped to clarify sex difference findings if not the causal explanations for these effects. To illustrate these developments, this article describes socialization and preferences for mates as two important areas of gender research. We also highlight developing research trends that address the interactive processes by which nature and nurture work together in producing sex differences and similarities. Such theorizing holds the promise of better science as well as a more coherent account of the psychology of women and men that should prove to be more influential with the broader public.
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Lee B, Scholar P, Porfeli E. Youths' socialization to work and school within the family. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 2015; 15:145-162. [PMID: 26101556 PMCID: PMC4472469 DOI: 10.1007/s10775-015-9302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested a model of socialization to work in the family context and its implications as a lever for school engagement using a sample of 154 parent-youth dyads living in the United States. A path model was fitted to data. Findings revealed that parents' reported work experiences was aligned to youths' perception of their parents' success in the work domain. Also, a significant association was found between youth's perception of their parents' family success and youth's emotional and experiential conceptualizations of work. Furthermore, youth who viewed work as a positive experience were more likely to be engaged in schoolwork, both emotionally and cognitively. Implications for vocational guidance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Postdoctoral Scholar
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Erik Porfeli
- Family & Community Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University
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Perez-Brena NJ, Wheeler LA, Updegraff KA, Schaefer DR. Mexican-American Adolescents' Gender-Typed Characteristics: The Role of Sibling and Friend Characteristics. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:1255-1268. [PMID: 25539774 PMCID: PMC4749314 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of sibling and friend characteristics in Mexican-American youth's gender-typed characteristics (i.e., attitudes, interests, and leisure activities) in early versus middle adolescence using a sibling design. Mexican-American 7th graders (M = 12.51 years; SD = .58) and their older siblings (M = 15.48 years; SD = 1.57) from 246 families participated in home interviews and a series of seven nightly phone calls. Results revealed that younger/early adolescent siblings reported more traditional gender role attitudes than their older/middle adolescent siblings and older brothers were more traditional in their attitudes than older sisters. When comparing siblings' gender-typed interests and leisure activities, boys reported more masculine orientations than girls and girls reported more feminine orientations than boys. Older brothers' gender-typed characteristics were associated with the amount of time spent with and gender characteristics of their friendship group, but for younger brothers, sibling characteristics were associated with their gender-typed characteristics. In contrast, both sibling and friendship characteristics were significantly associated with older and younger sisters' gender-typed characteristics. The discussion addressed the different correlates of older and younger sisters' and brothers' gender-typed characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma J Perez-Brena
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University-San Marcos, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA,
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Plancoulaine S, Lioret S, Regnault N, Heude B, Charles MA. Gender-specific factors associated with shorter sleep duration at age 3 years. J Sleep Res 2015; 24:610-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Plancoulaine
- INSERM; UMR1153 Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS); early Origin of the Child's Health And Development (ORCHAD) Team, Villejuif, France; and Paris Descartes University; Paris France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- INSERM; UMR1153 Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS); early Origin of the Child's Health And Development (ORCHAD) Team, Villejuif, France; and Paris Descartes University; Paris France
| | - Nolwenn Regnault
- INSERM; UMR1153 Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS); early Origin of the Child's Health And Development (ORCHAD) Team, Villejuif, France; and Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- Department of Public Health; Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, School of Dental Medicine; Rothschild Hospital, Odontology; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris France
| | - Barbara Heude
- INSERM; UMR1153 Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS); early Origin of the Child's Health And Development (ORCHAD) Team, Villejuif, France; and Paris Descartes University; Paris France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- INSERM; UMR1153 Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS); early Origin of the Child's Health And Development (ORCHAD) Team, Villejuif, France; and Paris Descartes University; Paris France
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Killoren SE, Wheeler LA, Updegraff KA, Rodríguez de Jésus SA, McHale SM. Longitudinal associations among parental acceptance, familism values, and sibling intimacy in Mexican-origin families. FAMILY PROCESS 2015; 54:217-31. [PMID: 25620663 PMCID: PMC6497154 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Prospective associations among parent-adolescent acceptance and familism values in early and middle adolescence and sibling intimacy in late adolescence and young adulthood were assessed in 246 Mexican-origin families. Older sibling gender and sibling gender constellation were investigated as moderators of these associations. Sibling intimacy was stable over time and younger siblings with older sisters reported higher levels of sibling intimacy than those with older brothers. As predicted, stronger familism values were associated with greater sibling intimacy, but this link was evident only for older sisters and for girl-girl dyads. The links from mother- and father-acceptance to sibling intimacy also depended on the gender constellation of the sibling dyad: Higher levels of maternal warmth were associated with greater sibling intimacy for older sisters and girl-girl sibling pairs but higher levels of paternal warmth were linked to greater sibling intimacy only for older siblings in mixed-gender sibling dyads. Findings are consistent with prior research on the role of gender in family relationships but extend this work to encompass the effects of both parents' and siblings' gender, as well as the role of sociocultural values in parents' socialization influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Killoren
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lorey A Wheeler
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NB
| | | | | | - Susan M McHale
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Toomey RB, Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Jahromi LB. Gender role attitudes across the transition to adolescent motherhood in Mexican-origin families. FAMILY PROCESS 2015; 54:247-62. [PMID: 25615441 PMCID: PMC4520808 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Using longitudinal data collected at four time points from 191 dyads of Mexican-origin adolescent first-time mothers and their mother figures, we examined changes in and socialization of traditional gender role attitudes across the transition to parenthood using latent growth curve modeling and actor-partner interdependence modeling. Longitudinal growth models indicated that, regardless of nativity status, adolescent mothers' and their foreign-born mother figures' gender role attitudes became more egalitarian across adolescents' transition to parenthood, spanning from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy to 36 months postpartum. Furthermore, actor-partner interdependence modeling suggested that adolescents' and their mother figures' gender role attitudes during adolescents' third trimester of pregnancy equally contributed to subsequent increases in one another's gender role attitudes at 10 months postpartum. Importantly, this reciprocal socialization process was not moderated by adolescent mothers' nor by their mother figures' nativity status. Findings suggest that it is important to understand the cultural and intergenerational family processes that contribute to the development of gender role attitudes during the transition to parenthood for adolescent mothers and their mother figures in Mexican-origin families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell B Toomey
- School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
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70
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Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ. What can we learn from the study of Mexican-origin families in the United States? FAMILY PROCESS 2015; 54:205-16. [PMID: 25675994 PMCID: PMC4615713 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mexican-origin families are a large and rapidly increasing subgroup of the U.S. population, but they remain underrepresented in family scholarship. This paper introduces a special section of four papers on Mexican-origin families designed to contribute to the advancement of research on how cultural, family, and gender socialization processes unfold across key developmental periods and life transitions in this cultural context. Two longitudinal studies of Mexican-origin families provided the data for these four papers: (a) The Juntos Project, an 8-year longitudinal study of mothers, fathers, and adolescent sibling pairs in 246 Mexican-origin families; and (b) The Supporting MAMI Project, a study following 204 adolescent mothers and their mother figures from the third trimester of pregnancy through their young children's 5th birthdays. In this introductory paper, we highlight four themes, including (a) differential acculturation and reciprocal socialization, (b) interdependence in families, (c) the intersection of culture and gender, and (d) methodological issues. We end with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Updegraff
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe AZ 85287-3701;
| | - Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe AZ 85287-3701;
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71
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Davis KD, Lawson KM, Almeida DM, Kelly EL, King RB, Hammer L, Casper LM, Okechukwu CA, Hanson G, McHale SM. Parents' daily time with their children: a workplace intervention. Pediatrics 2015; 135:875-82. [PMID: 25869371 PMCID: PMC4411779 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the context of a group randomized field trial, we evaluated whether parents who participated in a workplace intervention, designed to increase supervisor support for personal and family life and schedule control, reported significantly more daily time with their children at the 12-month follow-up compared with parents assigned to the Usual Practice group. We also tested whether the intervention effect was moderated by parent gender, child gender, or child age. METHODS The Support-Transform-Achieve-Results Intervention was delivered in an information technology division of a US Fortune 500 company. Participants included 93 parents (45% mothers) of a randomly selected focal child aged 9 to 17 years (49% daughters) who completed daily telephone diaries at baseline and 12 months after intervention. During evening telephone calls on 8 consecutive days, parents reported how much time they spent with their child that day. RESULTS Parents in the intervention group exhibited a significant increase in parent-child shared time, 39 minutes per day on average, between baseline and the 12-month follow-up. By contrast, parents in the Usual Practice group averaged 24 fewer minutes with their child per day at the 12-month follow-up. Intervention effects were evident for mothers but not for fathers and for daughters but not sons. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis that the intervention would improve parents' daily time with their children was supported. Future studies should examine how redesigning work can change the quality of parent-child interactions and activities known to be important for youth health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie M Lawson
- Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - David M Almeida
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin L Kelly
- Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
| | - Rosalind B King
- Population Dynamics Branch, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie Hammer
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lynne M Casper
- Department of Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cassandra A Okechukwu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ginger Hanson
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Susan M McHale
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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The Challenges of Israeli Adolescent Girls: Gender Differences in Observed Autonomy and Relatedness in Adolescent-Mother Interactions. SEX ROLES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-015-0445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zosuls KM, Ruble DN, Tamis-LeMonda CS. Self-socialization of gender in African American, Dominican immigrant, and Mexican immigrant toddlers. Child Dev 2014; 85:2202-17. [PMID: 24977945 PMCID: PMC4236280 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article advances a self-socialization perspective demonstrating that children's understanding of both gender categories represents an intergroup cognition that is foundational to the development of gender-stereotyped play. Children's (N = 212) gender category knowledge was assessed at 24 months and play was observed at 24 and 36 months. Higher levels of gender category knowledge and, more specifically, passing multiple measures of knowledge of both gender categories at 24 months was related to increases in play over time with gender-stereotyped toys (doll, truck), but not gender-stereotyped forms of play (nurturing, motion). In contrast to the long-standing focus on self-labeling, findings indicate the importance of intergroup cognitions in self-socialization processes and demonstrate the generalizability of these processes to a diverse sample.
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Li J, Johnson SE, Han WJ, Andrews S, Kendall G, Strazdins L, Dockery A. Parents' nonstandard work schedules and child well-being: a critical review of the literature. J Prim Prev 2014; 35:53-73. [PMID: 24014309 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-013-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of empirical evidence linking parental nonstandard work schedules to four main child developmental outcomes: internalizing and externalizing problems, cognitive development, and body mass index. We evaluated the studies based on theory and methodological rigor (longitudinal data, representative samples, consideration of selection and information bias, confounders, moderators, and mediators). Of 23 studies published between 1980 and 2012 that met the selection criteria, 21 reported significant associations between nonstandard work schedules and an adverse child developmental outcome. The associations were partially mediated through parental depressive symptoms, low quality parenting, reduced parent-child interaction and closeness, and a less supportive home environment. These associations were more pronounced in disadvantaged families and when parents worked such schedules full time. We discuss the nuance, strengths, and limitations of the existing studies, and propose recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Li
- Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia,
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75
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Sung JY, Han SW, Chung KM, Lee H, Cho SH. Investigation of gender role behaviors in boys with hypospadias: comparative study with unaffected boys and girls. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 39:1061-9. [PMID: 25060602 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was (1) to investigate gender role behaviors of boys with hypospadias compared with groups of unaffected boys and girls using parental reports and direct observations; and (2) to directly observe effects of socialization (mothers' presence) on children's gender role behaviors. Ages of 19 children with hypospadias ranged from 3 to 7 years, and each of them were matched to controls of unaffected boys and girls by age. All the children participated with their mothers. Children's gender role behaviors and their mothers' behaviors were evaluated using an observation coding system. Mothers also completed questionnaires regarding their children's gender role behaviors. Results indicated no atypical gender role behavior for the boys with hypospadias and no direct effects of socialization on their gender role behaviors. However, differences were found in negative communicative behaviors between boys with hypospadias and unaffected boys, suggesting a possible role of socialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yean Sung
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University and Department of Pediatric Urology, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University and Department of Pediatric Urology, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Kyong-Mee Chung
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University and Department of Pediatric Urology, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University and Department of Pediatric Urology, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sang Hee Cho
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University and Department of Pediatric Urology, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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Bayard S, Malti T, Buchmann M. Prosoziales Verhalten in Kindheit und Adoleszenz. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ENTWICKLUNGSPSYCHOLOGIE UND PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dieser Beitrag untersucht Einflüsse inner- und außerfamiliärer Beziehungen auf das prosoziale Verhalten von Heranwachsenden aus sozialisationstheoretischer Perspektive. Aufgrund der sich ändernden Qualität familiärer Beziehungen im Zuge des Aufwachsens vergleichen wir dabei zwei Entwicklungsstadien, mittlere Kindheit und mittlere Adoleszenz. Die inner-familiären Beziehungen in der Paardyade und der Eltern-Kind-Dyade unterscheiden wir nach affektiver und kommunikativer Dimension. Unter den außerfamiliären Beziehungen subsumieren wir elterliche Interaktionserfahrungen am Arbeitsplatz und im Freundeskreis. Es werden die beiden ersten Wellen (2006, 2007) der jüngsten Kohorte (6-Jährige) und der mittleren Kohorte (15-Jährige) des Schweizerischen Kinder- und Jugendsurvey (COCON) genutzt. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Qualität der elterlichen Paarbeziehung vor allem in der Kindheit auf das prosoziale Verhalten wirkt. Hingegen ist die innerfamiliäre Qualität der Kommunikation für die Herausbildung prosozialen Verhaltens in der Adoleszenz bedeutsamer. Die außerfamiliären Beziehungen wirken über die affektive und kommunikative Qualität innerfamiliärer Beziehungen auf das prosoziale Verhalten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Bayard
- Universität Zürich, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development
| | - Tina Malti
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology
| | - Marlis Buchmann
- Universität Zürich, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development
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Updegraff KA, McHale SM, Zeiders KH, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Perez-Brena NJ, Wheeler LA, Rodríguez De Jesús SA. Mexican-American adolescents' gender role attitude development: the role of adolescents' gender and nativity and parents' gender role attitudes. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 43:2041-53. [PMID: 24777649 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gender development has long term implications for education and career endeavors and family formation behaviors, but we know very little about the role of sociocultural factors in developmental and individual differences. In this study, we investigated one domain of gender development, gender role attitudes, in Mexican-American adolescents (N = 246; 51 % female), using four phases of longitudinal data across 8 years. Data were collected when adolescents averaged 12.51 years (SD = 0.58), 14.64 years (SD = 0.59), 17.72 years (SD = 0.57), and 19.60 years of age (SD = 0.66). Mothers' and fathers' gender role attitudes also were assessed in Phases 1, 3, and 4. Findings revealed that gender attitude development varied as a function of the interaction between adolescents' nativity and gender. Among Mexico-born adolescents, females exhibited significant declines in traditional attitudes from early to late adolescence, but males' attitudes were stable over time. U.S.-born females and males, in contrast, did not differ in their gender attitude trajectories. Examining the links between mothers', fathers', and adolescents' gender role attitudes revealed within-person associations between mothers' and adolescents' gender role attitudes: on occasions when mothers reported more traditional attitudes relative to their own cross-time average, adolescents also reported more traditional attitudes than usual. In addition, fathers' more traditional gender role attitudes were associated with daughters', but not sons', more traditional gender role attitudes at the between-person level. The discussion focuses on the interpretation of Mexican-American adolescents' gender role attitude development from a cultural ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Updegraff
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA,
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Gender Socialization: Differences between Male and Female Youth in India and Associations with Mental Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/357145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes patterns of gender socialization among youth in India and evaluates how these patterns are associated with their mental health. Data come from the Youth in India: Situation and Needs Study (N=44,769), a subnationally representative survey conducted during 2006–2008. Descriptive results underscored the gendered nature of socialization experiences, showing that male and female youth inhabit different social worlds. Female youth expressed more gender-egalitarian attitudes than male youth but reported greater restrictions to their independence than male youth. Male youth recognized more gender-discriminatory practices within their households than did the female youth. Poisson models revealed that female youth experienced more mental health problems when their households engaged in practices that favoured males over females, even as these same practices were associated with fewer mental health problems among male youth. Family violence and restrictions to independence were associated with mental health problems for both male and female youth. When males and females engaged in behaviours contravening sex-specific gender norms, there were corresponding increases in mental health problems for both sexes. Together, these findings suggest that gender inequality permeates family life in India, with corresponding consequences for the mental well-being of male and female youth.
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Hess M, Ittel A, Sisler A. Gender-specific macro- and micro-level processes in the transmission of gender role orientation in adolescence: The role of fathers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2013.879055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Batanova M, Loukas A. Unique and Interactive Effects of Empathy, Family, and School Factors on Early Adolescents’ Aggression. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 43:1890-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cichy KE, Lefkowitz ES, Davis EM, Fingerman KL. "You are such a disappointment!": negative emotions and parents' perceptions of adult children's lack of success. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2013; 68:893-901. [PMID: 23733857 PMCID: PMC3805291 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parents' perceptions of their adult children's successes (or lack thereof) may be associated in different ways with discrete negative emotions (e.g., guilt, anger, disappointment, and worry). Furthermore, mothers and fathers may vary in their reactions to children's success in different domains. METHOD Participants included 158 mothers and fathers from the same families (N = 316) and their adult child. Mothers and fathers evaluated their adult children's successes in (a) career and (b) relationship domains. Mothers and fathers also reported on several negative emotions in the parent-child tie: guilt, anger, disappointment, and worry. RESULTS For fathers, perceptions of children's poorer career success were associated with disappointment, anger, and guilt. Mothers' perceptions of children's lack of career success were associated with disappointment and worry. Mothers' perceptions of children's poorer success in relationships were associated with each of the negative emotions, with the exception of anger. DISCUSSION Parents experience emotions associated with unmet goals and future concerns in relationships with less successful children. Mothers may respond emotionally to career and relationship success, whereas fathers may respond emotionally primarily to their child's career success. Findings underscore the importance of considering the context of parents' negative emotional experiences in ties to adult children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Cichy
- Correspondence should be addressed to Kelly E. Cichy, Department of Human Development & Family Studies, School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, P.O. Box 5190, 405 White Hall, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001. E-mail:
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Stanik CE, Riina EM, McHale SM. Parent - Adolescent Relationship Qualities and Adolescent Adjustment in Two-Parent African American Families. FAMILY RELATIONS 2013; 62:597-608. [PMID: 24532863 PMCID: PMC3923432 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using multi-informant data from 134 two-parent African American families, the goals of this study were to (a) describe parent - adolescent warmth and shared time as a function of parent and youth gender and (b) assess links between these indices of relationship quality and adolescent adjustment. Mixed-model ANCOVAs revealed that mothers reported warmer relationships with adolescents than fathers, and both parents reported warmer relationships with younger versus older offspring. Interparental differences in time spent with sons and daughters and older and younger siblings were also found. Tests of multilevel models indicated that greater maternal warmth was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and less risky behavior for sons, and more paternal warmth and shared time with fathers were associated with less risky behavior in youth. Discussion highlights the utility of cultural ecological and family systems perspectives for understanding parent-adolescent relationships and youth adjustment in African American families.
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Bianchini JAA, da Silva DF, Nardo CCS, Carolino IDR, Hernandes F, Nardo N. Parent-proxy perception of overweight adolescents' health-related quality of life is different according to adolescent gender and age and parent gender. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:1371-7. [PMID: 23728510 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) reported by overweight adolescents and compared to their parent-proxy perception of HRQoL, according to adolescent gender, adolescent age, and parent gender. Patients and a total of 179 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with excess weight were evaluated for perceived HRQoL prior to beginning a weight-loss intervention, using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) questionnaire, estimating quality of life in the physical, emotional, social, and school domains, as well as index measures of psychosocial and overall quality of life. Parents completed the same questionnaire estimating his or her child's HRQoL. Compared to their child's self-report, parents underestimated all the domains of HRQoL except the school domain. Parents underestimated all the domains of HRQoL among boys; however, they only underestimated the physical domain among girls. Comparisons between parent-proxy perception and self-report of the adolescent according to adolescent's age revealed that parents underestimated their children's HRQoL in the younger adolescents (10 to 13 years) for all except for the school domain and underestimated only the physical domain in older adolescents (14 to 18 years). The same comparison between parent-proxy perception and their child's self-report of HRQoL according to parent gender showed that mothers underestimated HRQoL in all domains except for the school domain, while fathers only underestimated the school domain. CONCLUSION The differences between self-report of overweight adolescent and perceptions of their parents about the HRQoL of their children are influenced by adolescent gender and age and parent gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Aparecida Alves Bianchini
- Department of Physical Education, Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, State University of Maringa, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil,
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Genre et socialisation de l’enfant : pour une approche plurifactorielle de la construction de l’identité sexuée. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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85
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Neal JW, Neal ZP. Nested or Networked? Future Directions for Ecological Systems Theory. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Endendijk JJ, Groeneveld MG, van Berkel SR, Hallers-Haalboom ET, Mesman J, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Gender Stereotypes in the Family Context: Mothers, Fathers, and Siblings. SEX ROLES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-013-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gender-Typed Play Behavior in Early Childhood: Adopted Children with Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Parents. SEX ROLES 2012; 67:503-515. [PMID: 23420542 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-012-0198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the gender-typed play of young children varies as a function of family structure. Using a sample of 126 couples (44 lesbian couples, 34 gay male couples, and 48 heterosexual couples) located throughout the United States, with an adopted child between the age of 2 and 4 years old (mean = 2.5 years), we examined parent reports of children's gender-typed play behavior utilizing the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI; Golombok & Rust, 1993). Findings revealed that the perceived play behaviors of boys and girls in same-gender parent families were more similar (i.e., less gender-stereotyped) than the perceived play behavior of boys and girls in heterosexual-parent families (which were more divergent; that is, gender-stereotyped). Sons of lesbian mothers were less masculine in their play behavior than sons of gay fathers and sons of heterosexual parents. Our findings have implications for researchers who study gender development in children and adolescents.
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Roger KM, Rinaldi CM, Howe N. Mothers' and Fathers' Internal State Language with Their Young Children: An Examination of Gender Differences During an Emotions Task. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Roger
- Department of Educational Psychology; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Canada
| | | | - Nina Howe
- Department of Education; Concordia University; Montreal; Canada
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Batanova MD, Loukas A. What are the unique and interacting contributions of school and family factors to early adolescents' empathic concern and perspective taking? J Youth Adolesc 2012; 41:1382-91. [PMID: 22639382 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Empathy in children has received considerable attention in the literature, but limited research has investigated the contributions of various socializing factors on both affective (e.g., empathic concern) and cognitive (e.g., perspective taking) components of empathy in early adolescents. Guided by socialization theories, this study examined the unique and interacting contributions of school connectedness and parent-child conflict to subsequent levels of both components of empathy across a 1-year period of time. Participants were 487 10- to 14- year old middle school students (54 % female; 76 % European-American) involved in two waves of a study with 1 year between each wave. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that, among girls, reports of parent-child conflict contributed to a decrease in empathic concern one year later, whereas school connectedness was a protective factor that offset the negative impact of parent-child conflict on girls' subsequent perspective taking. Alternatively, only boys' reports of school connectedness contributed to subsequent increases in both empathic concern and perspective taking 1 year later. Findings indicate that school connectedness and conflict with parents play different socializing roles for girls' and boys' empathic concern and perspective taking. The current study calls for further research and youth programs to consider the important contributions that socializing agents can make on both components of empathy for early adolescent girls and boys.
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90
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Lam CB, McHale SM, Updegraff KA. Gender Dynamics in Mexican American Families: Connecting Mothers', Fathers', and Youths' Experiences. SEX ROLES 2012; 67:17-28. [PMID: 23641122 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-012-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Study goals were to examine the conditions under which congruent and incongruent patterns of parents' division of household labor and gender role attitudes emerged, and the implications of these patterns for youth gender development. Questionnaire and phone diary data were collected from mothers, fathers, and youths from 236 Mexican American families in the southwestern US. Preliminary cluster analysis identified three patterns: Traditional divisions of labor and traditional attitudes, egalitarian divisions of labor and egalitarian attitudes, and an incongruent pattern, with a traditional division of labor but egalitarian attitudes. MANOVAs, and follow-up, mixed- and between-group ANOVAs, revealed that these groups of families differed in parents' time constraints, socioeconomic resources, and cultural orientations. Mothers in the congruent egalitarian group worked more hours and earned higher incomes as compared to mothers in the congruent traditional and incongruent groups, and the emergence of the incongruent group was grounded in within-family, inter-parental differences in work hours and incomes. Parents' patterns of gendered practices and beliefs were linked to their youths' housework participation, time with mothers versus fathers, and gender role attitudes. Youths in the congruent traditional group had more traditional gender role attitudes than those in the congruent egalitarian and incongruent groups, and gender atypical housework participation and time with parents were only observed in the congruent egalitarian group. Findings demonstrate the utility of a within-family design to understand complex gendered phenomena, and highlight the multidimensional nature of gender and the importance of contextualizing the study of ethnic minorities.
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Park Y, Lee-Kim J, Killen M, Park K, Kim J. Korean Children's Evaluation of Parental Restrictions Regarding Gender-stereotypic Peer Activities. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Intergenerational Transmission of Benevolent Sexism from Mothers to Daughters and its Relation to Daughters’ Academic Performance and Goals. SEX ROLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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93
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Wood W, Eagly AH. Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394281-4.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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94
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Dragowski EA, Río MRSD, Sandigorsky AL. Childhood Gender Identity … Disorder? Developmental, Cultural, and Diagnostic Concerns. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mothers' differential treatment of adolescent siblings: predicting college attendance of sisters versus brothers. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 41:1267-79. [PMID: 22069117 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Current estimates suggest that by 2015, 60% of college students will be women, a change since 1970 when 59% were men. We investigated family dynamics that might explain the growing gender gap in college attendance, focusing on an ethnically diverse sample of 522 mixed sex sibling dyads from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We examined whether the difference between sisters' and brothers' reports of their mothers' expectations for, and involvement in, their education during adolescence predicted their differential odds of college attendance seven years later. Sisters were more likely than brothers to attend college, and this gap was more pronounced among non-Whites and non-Asians. Sisters also had higher grades in school than their brothers. Although there were no gender differences overall in maternal educational expectations or involvement, brothers reported greater maternal involvement than sisters in non-White and non-Asian families. After controlling for family background factors, the average of siblings' reports of maternal treatment, and differences between siblings' grades, the results revealed that as sisters reported greater maternal educational expectations than their brothers, it became more likely that only the sister rather than only the brother in the family attended college. The difference between brothers' and sisters' reports of their mothers' educational involvement and their odds of attending college showed the same pattern of association but was not statistically significant. These results suggest that within-family social comparisons may play a role in sisters' and brothers' choices about attending college.
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Leavell AS, Tamis-LeMonda CS, Ruble DN, Zosuls KM, Cabrera NJ. African American, White and Latino Fathers’ Activities with their Sons and Daughters in Early Childhood. SEX ROLES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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97
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Leaper C. More similarities than differences in contemporary theories of social development?: a plea for theory bridging. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:337-78. [PMID: 21887966 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386491-8.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many contemporary theories of social development are similar and/or share complementary constructs. Yet, there have been relatively few efforts toward theoretical integration. The present chapter represents a call for increased theory bridging. The problem of theoretical fragmentation in psychology is reviewed. Seven highlighted reasons for this predicament include differences between behavioral sciences and other sciences, theoretical paradigms as social identities, the uniqueness assumption, information overload, field fixation, linguistic fragmentation, and few incentives for theoretical integration. Afterward, the feasibility of theoretical synthesis is considered. Finally, some possible directions are proposed for theoretical integration among five contemporary theories of social and gender development: social cognitive theory, expectancy-value theory, cognitive-developmental theory, gender schema theory, and self-categorization theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Leaper
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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98
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Epstein M, Ward LM. Exploring Parent-Adolescent Communication About Gender: Results from Adolescent and Emerging Adult Samples. SEX ROLES 2011; 65:108-118. [PMID: 21712963 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-9975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although parents are assumed to be children's primary models of socialization when it comes to gender, little is known about direct communication of gendered values in the family. Accordingly, this study assessed the amount and content of recalled parental gender socialization messages using data from 291 U.S. college undergraduates attending a large Midwestern university and 259 U.S. adolescents enrolled in public high schools in the Midwest. The study examined the amount and content of parental communications of five gendered discourses and then tested for connections to current gender beliefs. Findings indicate that gender socialization may be quite similar for sons and daughters, with some evidence of gender typing in patterns of communication. No significant age differences emerged in the patterns of socialization, although high school students reported receiving greater amounts of communication than college students on two of the five discourses. In general, receiving messages promoting traditional gender roles was associated with more traditional gender beliefs (and vice versa), although interpretation of some messages appeared to vary by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue, NE Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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Leaper C. Research in developmental psychology on gender and relationships: Reflections on the past and looking into the future. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 29:347-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-835x.2011.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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