51
|
Maxwell SL, Cazalis V, Dudley N, Hoffmann M, Rodrigues ASL, Stolton S, Visconti P, Woodley S, Kingston N, Lewis E, Maron M, Strassburg BBN, Wenger A, Jonas HD, Venter O, Watson JEM. Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century. Nature 2020; 586:217-227. [PMID: 33028996 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Humanity will soon define a new era for nature-one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses to the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, are likely to extend and diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation and management effectiveness diminish the potential role of area-based conservation in stemming biodiversity loss. Here we show how the expansion of protected areas by national governments since 2010 has had limited success in increasing the coverage across different elements of biodiversity (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' and wilderness areas) and ecosystem services (productive fisheries, and carbon services on land and sea). To be more successful after 2020, area-based conservation must contribute more effectively to meeting global biodiversity goals-ranging from preventing extinctions to retaining the most-intact ecosystems-and must better collaborate with the many Indigenous peoples, community groups and private initiatives that are central to the successful conservation of biodiversity. The long-term success of area-based conservation requires parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to secure adequate financing, plan for climate change and make biodiversity conservation a far stronger part of land, water and sea management policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Maxwell
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Victor Cazalis
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Nigel Dudley
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Equilibrium Research, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Ana S L Rodrigues
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Piero Visconti
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK.,International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Stephen Woodley
- World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Kingston
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Lewis
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Martine Maron
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amelia Wenger
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Global Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harry D Jonas
- World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.,Future Law, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Oscar Venter
- Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James E M Watson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
A spatiotemporal comparison of length-at-age in the coral reef fish Acanthurus nigrofuscus between marine reserves and fished reefs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239842. [PMID: 32986752 PMCID: PMC7521754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessments of the capacity of marine reserves to restore historical fish body-size distributions require extensive repeated sampling to map the phenotypic responses of target populations to protection. However, the “no take” status of marine reserves oftentimes precludes repeated sampling within their borders and, as a result, our current understanding of the capacity of marine reserves to restore historical body-size distributions remains almost entirely reliant on independent, static visual surveys. To overcome this challenge, we promote the application of a traditional fisheries tool known as a “back-calculation”, which allows for the estimation of fish body lengths from otolith annuli distances. This practical application was pursued in this study, using data collected in five marine reserves and adjacent fished reefs in the Philippines, to investigate spatiotemporal disparities in length-at-age of the brown surgeonfish, Acanthurus nigrofuscus. The spatial component of our analyses revealed that 1) A. nigrofuscus were phenotypically similar between marine reserves and fished reefs during their early life history; 2) marine reserve and fished reef populations diverged into significantly different length-at-age morphs between ages three and six, in which protected fish were predominantly larger than conspecifics in fished reefs; and 3) A. nigrofuscus returned to a state of general phenotypic similarity during later life. The temporal component of our analyses revealed that younger generations of A. nigrofuscus exhibited significant, positive year effects that were maintained until age eight, indicating that, within the significant age cohorts, younger generations were significantly larger than older generations.
Collapse
|
53
|
Seraphim MJ, Sloman KA, Alexander ME, Janetski N, Jompa J, Ambo-Rappe R, Snellgrove D, Mars F, Harborne AR. Interactions between coral restoration and fish assemblages: implications for reef management. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:633-655. [PMID: 32564370 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Corals create complex reef structures that provide both habitat and food for many fish species. Because of numerous natural and anthropogenic threats, many coral reefs are currently being degraded, endangering the fish assemblages they support. Coral reef restoration, an active ecological management tool, may help reverse some of the current trends in reef degradation through the transplantation of stony corals. Although restoration techniques have been extensively reviewed in relation to coral survival, our understanding of the effects of adding live coral cover and complexity on fishes is in its infancy with a lack of scientifically validated research. This study reviews the limited data on reef restoration and fish assemblages, and complements this with the more extensive understanding of complex interactions between natural reefs and fishes and how this might inform restoration efforts. It also discusses which key fish species or functional groups may promote, facilitate or inhibit restoration efforts and, in turn, how restoration efforts can be optimised to enhance coral fish assemblages. By highlighting critical knowledge gaps in relation to fishes and restoration interactions, the study aims to stimulate research into the role of reef fishes in restoration projects. A greater understanding of the functional roles of reef fishes would also help inform whether restoration projects can return fish assemblages to their natural compositions or whether alternative species compositions develop, and over what timeframe. Although alleviation of local and global reef stressors remains a priority, reef restoration is an important tool; an increased understanding of the interactions between replanted corals and the fishes they support is critical for ensuring its success for people and nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Seraphim
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Katherine A Sloman
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Mhairi E Alexander
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | | | - Jamaluddin Jompa
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Rohani Ambo-Rappe
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Donna Snellgrove
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | - Alastair R Harborne
- Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Protected areas and benthic characteristics influence the distribution of the Vulnerable bumphead parrotfish Bolbometopon muricatum in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. ORYX 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605318000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe Vulnerable bumphead parrotfish Bolbometopon muricatum, a highly prized fishery resource worldwide, has experienced population declines throughout its geographical range. There is limited knowledge of the distribution and abundance of, and threats to, this fish in Indian waters, particularly for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. To assess the species’ distribution and conservation status we conducted underwater surveys across 75 sites around 51 islands and interviewed 99 fishers across the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. We recorded a total of 59 individual B. muricatum across nine sites from the northernmost island in the Andamans (Landfall Island) to the southernmost island in the Nicobars (Great Nicobar Island). Interviews revealed that most fishers (100% in Nicobar, 94% in Middle Andaman, 62% in South Andaman) had seen B. muricatum, and knowledge of the species is highest amongst spearfishers. Generalized linear models indicated that presence of marine protected areas and high live coral cover influenced the abundance and distribution of B. muricatum. The species' density seems to be naturally low in the archipelago. We discuss our findings in the light of protecting rare and threatened species, and recommend strengthening the existing marine protected areas in these islands.
Collapse
|
55
|
Opportunities to close the gap between science and practice for Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
56
|
Campbell SJ, Darling ES, Pardede S, Ahmadia G, Mangubhai S, Amkieltiela, Estradivari, Maire E. Fishing restrictions and remoteness deliver conservation outcomes for Indonesia's coral reef fisheries. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Campbell
- Indonesia ProgramWildlife Conservation Society Bogor West Java Indonesia
- Rare Indonesia Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Emily S. Darling
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyGlobal Marine Program Bronx New York
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Shinta Pardede
- Indonesia ProgramWildlife Conservation Society Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | | | - Sangeeta Mangubhai
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyGlobal Marine Program Bronx New York
- The Nature Conservancy Sorong West Papua Indonesia
| | - Amkieltiela
- WWF IndonesiaConservation Science Unit Jakarta West Java Indonesia
| | - Estradivari
- WWF IndonesiaConservation Science Unit Jakarta West Java Indonesia
| | - Eva Maire
- MARBECUniv. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster University Lancaster UK
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Dwyer RG, Krueck NC, Udyawer V, Heupel MR, Chapman D, Pratt HL, Garla R, Simpfendorfer CA. Individual and Population Benefits of Marine Reserves for Reef Sharks. Curr Biol 2020; 30:480-489.e5. [PMID: 31983638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
No-take marine protected areas (MPAs) are a commonly applied tool to reduce human fishing impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems. However, conservation outcomes of MPAs for mobile and long-lived predators such as sharks are highly variable. Here, we use empirical animal tracking data from 459 individual sharks and baited remote underwater video surveys undertaken in 36 countries to construct an empirically supported individual-based model that estimates the conservation effectiveness of MPAs for five species of coral reef-associated sharks (Triaenodon obesus, Carcharhinus melanopterus, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, Carcharhinus perezi, and Ginglymostoma cirratum). We demonstrate how species-specific individual movement traits can contribute to fishing mortality of sharks found within MPAs as they move outside to adjacent fishing grounds. We discovered that the world's officially recorded coral reef-based managed areas (with a median width of 9.4 km) would need to be enforced as strict no-take MPAs and up to 5 times larger to expect protection of the majority of individuals of the five investigated reef shark species. The magnitude of this effect depended on local abundances and fishing pressure, with MPAs required to be 1.6-2.6 times larger to protect the same number of Atlantic and Caribbean species, which occur at lower abundances than similar species in the western Pacific. Furthermore, our model was used to quantify partially substantial reductions (>50%) in fishing mortality resulting from small increases in MPA size, allowing us to bridge a critical gap between traditional conservation planning and fisheries management. Overall, our results highlight the challenge of relying on abundance data alone to ensure that estimates of shark conservation impacts of MPAs follow the precautionary approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross G Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Nils C Krueck
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Demian Chapman
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Florida International University, 151st Street, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harold L Pratt
- Mote Marine Laboratory, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research & Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, USA; Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, 1 Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Ricardo Garla
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59064-741 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Thiault L, Weekers D, Curnock M, Marshall N, Pert PL, Beeden R, Dyer M, Claudet J. Predicting poaching risk in marine protected areas for improved patrol efficiency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109808. [PMID: 31739093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are effective resource management and conservation measures, but their success is often hindered by non-compliant activities such as poaching. Understanding the risk factors and spatial patterns of poaching is therefore crucial for efficient law enforcement. Here, we conducted explanatory and predictive modelling of poaching from recreational fishers within no-take zones of Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) using Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). Combining patrol effort data, observed distribution of reported incidents, and spatially-explicit environmental and human risk factors, we modeled the occurrence probability of poaching incidents and mapped poaching risk at fine-scale. Our results: (i) show that fishing attractiveness, accessibility and fishing capacity play a major role in shaping the spatial patterns of poaching; (ii) revealed key interactions among these factors as well as tipping points beyond which poaching risk increased or decreased markedly; and (iii) highlight gaps in patrol effort that could be filled for improved resource allocation. The approach developed through this study provide a novel way to quantify the relative influence of multiple interacting factors in shaping poaching risk, and hold promises for replication across a broad range of marine or terrestrial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauric Thiault
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 195 Rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France; Laboratoire D'Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - Damian Weekers
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Michie Building, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Matt Curnock
- CSIRO Land and Water, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Nadine Marshall
- CSIRO Land and Water, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Petina L Pert
- CSIRO Land and Water, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Roger Beeden
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Michelle Dyer
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 195 Rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France; Laboratoire D'Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Blowes SA, Chase JM, Di Franco A, Frid O, Gotelli NJ, Guidetti P, Knight TM, May F, McGlinn DJ, Micheli F, Sala E, Belmaker J. Mediterranean marine protected areas have higher biodiversity via increased evenness, not abundance. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane A. Blowes
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Salle) Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Salle) Germany
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata Sede Interdipartimentale della Sicilia Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt) Palermo Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare CoNISMa Rome Italy
- Université Côte d’Azur CNRSUMR 7035 ECOSEAS Nice France
| | - Ori Frid
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare CoNISMa Rome Italy
- Université Côte d’Azur CNRSUMR 7035 ECOSEAS Nice France
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐ UFZ Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Felix May
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | | | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Enric Sala
- National Geographic Society Washington DC USA
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural HistoryTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Mzingirwa FA, Stomeo F, Kaunda-Arara B, Nyunja J, Mujibi FDN. Genetic Connectivity of the Sky Emperor, Lethrinus mahsena Populations Across a Gradient of Exploitation Rates in Coastal Kenya. Front Genet 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 31708964 PMCID: PMC6822600 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to enhance fisheries through transport of larvae or by a net emigration of adult and juvenile fish to adjacent fished areas. A network of appropriately located MPAs will have the potential to reseed fished areas and other MPAs. Connectivity studies are therefore important to assess the effectiveness of a network of MPAs and to determine the spatial scale necessary for spillover effects. The principal aim of this study was to determine the potential for Kenyan MPAs to reseed adjacent fishing zones by evaluating the levels of genetic differentiation of populations of Lethrinus mahsena, a commercially important fish, along a continuum of protected and nonprotected sites. Fish samples were collected from MPAs (Mombasa and Kisite Mpunguti Marine Parks) and the fished reserves adjacent to the two MPAs. Total length and weight of the fish from the sites and fin clips from one of the pectoral fins were collected and preserved in 90% ethanol. Genomic profiles for each sample were obtained through genotyping by sequencing using diversity array technology markers. Results from population structure, diversity, and admixture analyses indicated very low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.00184, P > 0.05) and low population substructure between samples obtained from the study locations implying a free exchange of fish across protected and nonprotected sites. There was a high gene flow and multidirectional migration rate among the sampling sites. Inbreeding was moderately high (FIS = 0.15, P < 0.05) in the marine parks, indicating high relatedness and probably limited mating options for the species due to small population size or spatial restriction. The lack of genetic differentiation between protected areas and open fishing grounds is indicative of genetic connectivity for the sky emperor. This reinforces the significance of maintaining protected areas to serve as breeding and spawning grounds of fish without adversely affecting the livelihoods of communities that depend on the various fisheries linked to MPAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatuma Ali Mzingirwa
- Department of Fisheries, Kenya, Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Francesca Stomeo
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Boaz Kaunda-Arara
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Robinson JPW, McDevitt‐Irwin JM, Dajka J, Hadj‐Hammou J, Howlett S, Graba‐Landry A, Hoey AS, Nash KL, Wilson SK, Graham NAJ. Habitat and fishing control grazing potential on coral reefs. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan‐Claas Dajka
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | | | | | - Alexia Graba‐Landry
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | - Andrew S. Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | - Kirsty L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions: Marine Science Program Kensington WA Australia
- Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
O'Connor JJ, Fobert EK, Besson M, Jacob H, Lecchini D. Live fast, die young: Behavioural and physiological impacts of light pollution on a marine fish during larval recruitment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:908-914. [PMID: 31426235 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a recently acknowledged form of anthropogenic pollution of growing concern to the biology and ecology of exposed organisms. Though ALAN can have detrimental effects on physiology and behaviour, we have little understanding of how marine organisms in coastal areas may be impacted. Here, we investigated the effects of ALAN exposure on coral reef fish larvae during the critical recruitment stage, encompassing settlement, metamorphosis, and post-settlement survival. We found that larvae avoided illuminated settlement habitats, however those living under ALAN conditions for 10 days post-settlement experienced changes in swimming behaviour and higher susceptibility to nocturnal predation. Although ALAN-exposed fish grew faster and heavier than control fish, they also experienced significantly higher mortality rates by the end of the experimental period. This is the first study on the ecological impacts of ALAN during the early life history of marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J O'Connor
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Institute for Pacific Coral Reefs, IRCP, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - E K Fobert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - M Besson
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, 1 avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - H Jacob
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - D Lecchini
- Institute for Pacific Coral Reefs, IRCP, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia; PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Moorea, French Polynesia
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Rhodes KL, Baremore I, Graham RT. Grouper (Epinephelidae) spawning aggregations affect activity space of grey reef sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, in Pohnpei, Micronesia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221589. [PMID: 31461474 PMCID: PMC6713441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish spawning aggregations (FSA) act as biological hotspots that concentrate food and nutrients across a broad trophic spectrum. In Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia), 20 female grey reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) were acoustically tagged at two multi-species grouper (Epinephelidae) FSA to examine the likelihood that these mesopredators utilize FSA as a seasonal food source. Both FSA sites are within small-scale MPAs, thus providing a secondary opportunity to examine their conservation potential during these ephemeral events. Shark movement and residency was gauged against known spatial and temporal grouper reproductive patterns using an array of 15 and 50 acoustic receivers at Ant Atoll and Pohnpei (Island), respectively. Activity space was investigated using Kernel Density estimates of individual sharks, and residency indices (RI) were analyzed based on daily and monthly occurrence at the array. Three distinct residency patterns were identified: transient, semi-transient, or resident (Daily RI <0.40, >0.40 to 0.80, or >0.80, respectively). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to identify biological and environmental factors influencing shark activity space, including month, temperature, shark size, spawning month, and residency pattern. Findings revealed significant changes in average monthly residency indices and kernel densities during spawning months in support of an opportunistic foraging strategy around FSA. Monthly residency was higher during spawning months among semi-resident and transient sharks, while average monthly activity space was concentrated around FSA. Best-fit models for the GLMM indicated that activity spaces were most influenced by month and grouper spawning month. Seven of 20 sharks demonstrated inter-island movement and wide variations in individual movement and spatial requirements were shown. The concentration of sharks and groupers at unprotected FSA sites increases their vulnerability to fishing and supports the need for combined area and non-area management measures to effectively protect these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Rhodes
- MarAlliance, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Pacific Marine Science and Conservation, Grass Valley, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivy Baremore
- MarAlliance, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Robinson JPW, Wilson SK, Jennings S, Graham NAJ. Thermal stress induces persistently altered coral reef fish assemblages. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2739-2750. [PMID: 31210001 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecological communities are reorganizing in response to warming temperatures. For continuous ocean habitats this reorganization is characterized by large-scale species redistribution, but for tropical discontinuous habitats such as coral reefs, spatial isolation coupled with strong habitat dependence of fish species imply that turnover and local extinctions are more significant mechanisms. In these systems, transient marine heatwaves are causing coral bleaching and profoundly altering habitat structure, yet despite severe bleaching events becoming more frequent and projections indicating annual severe bleaching by the 2050s at most reefs, long-term effects on the diversity and structure of fish assemblages remain unclear. Using a 23-year time series spanning a thermal stress event, we describe and model structural changes and recovery trajectories of fish communities after mass bleaching. Communities changed fundamentally, with the new emergent communities dominated by herbivores and persisting for >15 years, a period exceeding realized and projected intervals between thermal stress events on coral reefs. Reefs which shifted to macroalgal states had the lowest species richness and highest compositional dissimilarity, whereas reefs where live coral recovered exceeded prebleaching fish richness, but remained dissimilar to prebleaching compositions. Given realized and projected frequencies of bleaching events, our results show that fish communities historically associated with coral reefs will not re-establish, requiring substantial adaptation by managers and resource users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun K Wilson
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Jennings
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Rojo I, Sánchez-Meca J, García-Charton JA. Small-sized and well-enforced Marine Protected Areas provide ecological benefits for piscivorous fish populations worldwide. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 149:100-110. [PMID: 31271903 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many piscivorous fish species are depleted and/or threatened around the world. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are tools for conservation and fisheries management, though there is still controversy regarding the best design for increasing their ecological effectiveness. Here, on the basis of a weighted meta-analytical approach, we have assessed the effect of 32 MPAs, distributed worldwide, on the biomass and density of piscivorous fishes. We analysed the MPA features and the biological, commercial and ecological characteristics of fishes that may affect the response of species to protection. We found a positive effect on the biomass and density of piscivores inside MPAs. This effect was stronger for the biomass of medium-sized fishes (in relation to the maximum size reported for the species) and the density of large and gregarious species. The size of the no-take zone had a significant negative impact on both response variables and differed according to the level of enforcement, with smaller no-take zones having higher levels of enforcement. Thus, MPAs help to protect piscivorous fish species, with smaller, but well enforced reserves being more effective for the protection of the local populations of piscivorous fishes throughout the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rojo
- - Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología. Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- - Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología. Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A García-Charton
- - Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología. Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Pata PR, Yñiguez AT. Larval connectivity patterns of the North Indo-West Pacific coral reefs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219913. [PMID: 31335893 PMCID: PMC6650046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs of the North Indo-West Pacific provide important ecosystem services to the region but are subjected to multiple local and global threats. Strengthening management measures necessitate understanding the variability of larval connectivity and bridging global connectivity models to local scales. An individual-based Lagrangian biophysical model was used to simulate connectivity between coral reefs for three organisms with different early life history characteristics: a coral (Acropora millepora), a sea urchin (Tripneustes gratilla), and a reef fish (Epinephelus sp). Connectivity metrics and reef clusters were computed from the settlement probability matrices. Fitted power law functions derived from the dispersal kernels provided relative probabilities of connection given only the distance between reefs, and demonstrated that 95% of the larvae across organisms settled within a third of their maximum settlement distances. The magnitude of the connectivity metric values of reef cells were sensitive to differences both in the type of organism and temporal variability. Seasonal variability of connections was more dominant than interannual variability. However, despite these differences, the moderate to high correlation of metrics between organisms and seasonal matrices suggest that the spatial patterns are relatively similar between reefs. A cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity of sink and source connections synthesized the inherent variability of these multiple large connectivity matrices. Through this, similarities in regional connectivity patterns were determined at various cluster sizes depending on the scale of interest. The validity of the model is supported by 1) the simulated dispersal kernels being within the range of reported parentage analysis estimates; and, 2) the clusters that emerged reflect the dispersal barriers implied by previously published population genetics studies. The tools presented here (dispersal kernels, temporal variability maps and reef clustering) can be used to include regional patterns of connectivity into the spatial management of coral reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Pata
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- * E-mail:
| | - Aletta T. Yñiguez
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Grüss A, Biggs CR, Heyman WD, Erisman B. Protecting juveniles, spawners or both: A practical statistical modelling approach for the design of marine protected areas. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Grüss
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | | | | | - Brad Erisman
- Department of Marine Science University of Texas at Austin Port Aransas TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Low connectivity compromises the conservation of reef fishes by marine protected areas in the tropical South Atlantic. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8634. [PMID: 31201350 PMCID: PMC6572763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The total spatial coverage of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) within the Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) has recently achieved the quantitative requirement of the Aichii Biodiversity Target 11. However, the distribution of MPAs in the Brazilian EEZ is still unbalanced regarding the proportion of protected ecosystems, protection goals and management types. Moreover, the demographic connectivity between these MPAs and their effectiveness regarding the maintenance of biodiversity are still not comprehensively understood. An individual-based modeling scheme coupled with a regional hydrodynamic model of the ocean is used to determine the demographic connectivity of reef fishes based on the widespread genus Sparisoma found in the oceanic islands and on the Brazilian continental shelf between 10° N and 23° S. Model results indicate that MPAs are highly isolated due to extremely low demographic connectivity. Consequently, low connectivity and the long distances separating MPAs contribute to their isolation. Therefore, the current MPA design falls short of its goal of maintaining the demographic connectivity of Sparisoma populations living within these areas. In an extreme scenario in which the MPAs rely solely on protected populations for recruits, it is unlikely that they will be able to effectively contribute to the resilience of these populations or other reef fish species sharing the same dispersal abilities. Results also show that recruitment occurs elsewhere along the continental shelf indicating that the protection of areas larger than the current MPAs would enhance the network, maintain connectivity and contribute to the conservation of reef fishes.
Collapse
|
69
|
Green SJ, Dilley ER, Benkwitt CE, Davis ACD, Ingeman KE, Kindinger TL, Tuttle LJ, Hixon MA. Trait‐mediated foraging drives patterns of selective predation by native and invasive coral‐reef fishes. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Green
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6E 4R4 Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Eric R. Dilley
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology Graduate Program University of Hawai'i Honolulu Hawai‘i 96822 USA
| | - Cassandra E. Benkwitt
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster LA14YQ UK
| | - Alexandra C. D. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6E 4R4 Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Kurt E. Ingeman
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Tye L. Kindinger
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95060 USA
| | - Lillian J. Tuttle
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai'i Kāne'ohe Hawaii 96744 USA
| | - Mark A. Hixon
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
- Department of Biology University of Hawai'i Honolulu Hawai‘i 96822 USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Friesen SK, Martone R, Rubidge E, Baggio JA, Ban NC. An approach to incorporating inferred connectivity of adult movement into marine protected area design with limited data. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01890. [PMID: 30929286 PMCID: PMC6850429 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important conservation tools that can support the resilience of marine ecosystems. Many countries, including Canada, have committed to protecting at least 10% of their marine areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11, which includes connectivity as a key aspect. Connectivity, the movement of individuals among habitats, can enhance population stability and resilience within and among MPAs. However, little is known about regional spatial patterns of marine ecological connectivity, particularly adult movement. We developed a method to assess and design MPA networks that maximize inferred connectivity within habitat types for adult movement when ecological data are limited. We used the Northern Shelf Bioregion in British Columbia, Canada, to explore two different approaches: (1) evaluating sites important for inferred regional connectivity (termed hotspots) and (2) assessing MPA network configurations based on their overlap with connectivity hotspots and interconnectedness between MPAs. To assess inferred connectivity via adult movement, we used two different threshold distances (15 and 50 km) to capture moderate home ranges, which are most appropriate to consider in MPA design. We applied graph theory to assess inferred connectivity within 16 habitat and depth categories (proxies for distinct ecological communities), and used novel multiplex network methodologies to perform an aggregated assessment of inferred connectivity. We evaluated inferred regional connectivity hotspots based on betweenness and eigenvector centrality metrics, finding that the existing MPA network overlapped a moderate proportion of these regional hotspots and identified key areas to be considered as candidate MPAs. Network density among existing MPAs was low within the individual habitat networks, as well as the multiplex. This work informs an ongoing MPA planning process, and approaches for incorporating connectivity into MPA design when data are limited, with lessons for other contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Friesen
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 2Y2Canada
| | - Rebecca Martone
- Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Province of British ColumbiaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 9N1Canada
| | - Emily Rubidge
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans CanadaSidneyBritish ColumbiaV8L 4B2Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Jacopo A. Baggio
- Department of Political ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida32816USA
- Sustainable Coastal Systems ClusterNational Center for Integrated Coastal ResearchUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida32816USA
| | - Natalie C. Ban
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 2Y2Canada
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Murray R, Conales S, Araujo G, Labaja J, Snow SJ, Pierce SJ, Songco A, Ponzo A. Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: the first comprehensive elasmobranch assessment reveals global hotspot for reef sharks. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
72
|
Thiault L, Kernaléguen L, Osenberg CW, Lison de Loma T, Chancerelle Y, Siu G, Claudet J. Ecological evaluation of a marine protected area network: a progressive‐change
BACIPS
approach. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Thiault
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université Paris CRIOBE USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD Maison des Océans 195 rue Saint‐Jacques 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL 98729 Moorea French Polynesia
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle PALOC UMR 208 MNHN‐IRD 75231 Paris France
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) and Centro de Conservación Marina Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Alameda 340 Santiago Chile
| | - L. Kernaléguen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus) Deakin University 3220 Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - C. W. Osenberg
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia 140 E. Green St. Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - T. Lison de Loma
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université Paris CRIOBE USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD Maison des Océans 195 rue Saint‐Jacques 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL 98729 Moorea French Polynesia
| | - Y. Chancerelle
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université Paris CRIOBE USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD Maison des Océans 195 rue Saint‐Jacques 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL 98729 Moorea French Polynesia
| | - G. Siu
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université Paris CRIOBE USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD Maison des Océans 195 rue Saint‐Jacques 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL 98729 Moorea French Polynesia
| | - J. Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université Paris CRIOBE USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD Maison des Océans 195 rue Saint‐Jacques 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL 98729 Moorea French Polynesia
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Movement behaviour of fish, harvesting-induced habitat degradation and the optimal size of marine reserves. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-019-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
74
|
Sawaya NA, Djurhuus A, Closek CJ, Hepner M, Olesin E, Visser L, Kelble C, Hubbard K, Breitbart M. Assessing eukaryotic biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary through environmental DNA metabarcoding. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1029-1040. [PMID: 30805138 PMCID: PMC6374654 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is the DNA suspended in the environment (e.g., water column), which includes cells, gametes, and other material derived from but not limited to shedding of tissue, scales, mucus, and fecal matter. Amplifying and sequencing marker genes (i.e., metabarcoding) from eDNA can reveal the wide range of taxa present in an ecosystem through analysis of a single water sample. Metabarcoding of eDNA provides higher resolution data than visual surveys, aiding in assessments of ecosystem health. This study conducted eDNA metabarcoding of two molecular markers (cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes) to survey eukaryotic diversity across multiple trophic levels in surface water samples collected at three sites along the coral reef tract within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) during four research cruises in 2015. The 18S rRNA gene sequences recovered 785 genera while the COI gene sequences recovered 115 genera, with only 33 genera shared between the two datasets, emphasizing the complementarity of these marker genes. Community composition for both genetic markers clustered by month of sample collection, suggesting that temporal variation has a larger effect on biodiversity than spatial variability in the FKNMS surface waters. Sequences from both marker genes were dominated by copepods, but each marker recovered distinct phytoplankton groups, with 18S rRNA gene sequences dominated by dinoflagellates and COI sequences dominated by coccolithophores. Although eDNA samples were collected from surface waters, many benthic species such as sponges, crustaceans, and corals were identified. These results show the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for cataloging biodiversity to establish an ecosystem baseline against which future samples can be compared in order to monitor community changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Sawaya
- College of Marine ScienceUniversity of South FloridaSaint PetersburgFlorida
| | - Anni Djurhuus
- College of Marine ScienceUniversity of South FloridaSaint PetersburgFlorida
| | - Collin J. Closek
- Stanford Center for Ocean SolutionsStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
| | - Megan Hepner
- College of Marine ScienceUniversity of South FloridaSaint PetersburgFlorida
| | - Emily Olesin
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission‐Fish and Wildlife Research InstituteSaint PetersburgFlorida
| | - Lindsey Visser
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFlorida
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryMiamiFlorida
| | | | - Katherine Hubbard
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission‐Fish and Wildlife Research InstituteSaint PetersburgFlorida
| | - Mya Breitbart
- College of Marine ScienceUniversity of South FloridaSaint PetersburgFlorida
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Xuereb A, D’Aloia CC, Daigle RM, Andrello M, Dalongeville A, Manel S, Mouillot D, Guichard F, Côté IM, Curtis JMR, Bernatchez L, Fortin MJ. Marine Conservation and Marine Protected Areas. POPULATION GENOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2018_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
76
|
Kininmonth S, Weeks R, Abesamis RA, Bernardo LPC, Beger M, Treml EA, Williamson D, Pressey RL. Strategies in scheduling marine protected area establishment in a network system. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01820. [PMID: 30550634 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Instantaneous implementation of systematic conservation plans at regional scales is rare. More typically, planned actions are applied incrementally over periods of years or decades. During protracted implementation, the character of the connected ecological system will change as a function of external anthropogenic pressures, local metapopulation processes, and environmental fluctuations. For heavily exploited systems, habitat quality will deteriorate as the plan is implemented, potentially influencing the schedule of protected area implementation necessary to achieve conservation objectives. Understanding the best strategy to adopt for applying management within a connected environment is desirable, especially given limited conservation resources. Here, we model the sequential application of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) in the central Philippines within a metapopulation framework, using a range of network-based decision rules. The model was based on selecting 33 sites for protection from 101 possible sites over a 35-yr period. The graph-theoretic network criteria to select sites for protection included PageRank, maximum degree, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, minimum degree, random, and historical events. We also included a dynamic strategy called colonization-extinction rate that was updated every year based on the changing capacity of each site to produce and absorb larvae. Each rule was evaluated in the context of achieving the maximum metapopulation mean lifetime at the conclusion of the implementation phase. MPAs were designated through the alteration of the extinction risk parameter. The highest ranked criteria were PageRank while the actual implementation from historical records ranked lowest. Our results indicate that protecting the sites ranked highest with regard to larval supply is likely to yield the highest benefit for fish abundance and fish metapopulation persistence. Model results highlighted the benefits of including network processes in conservation planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Kininmonth
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket, Sweden
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Marine Studies, The University of South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Rebecca Weeks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rene A Abesamis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Silliman University-Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Dumaguete City, Philippines
| | | | - Maria Beger
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eric A Treml
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L Pressey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Berumen ML, Roberts MB, Sinclair-Taylor TH, DiBattista JD, Saenz-Agudelo P, Isari S, He S, Khalil MT, Hardenstine RS, Tietbohl MD, Priest MA, Kattan A, Coker DJ. Fishes and Connectivity of Red Sea Coral Reefs. CORAL REEFS OF THE RED SEA 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05802-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
78
|
Ma KY, van Herwerden L, Newman SJ, Berumen ML, Choat JH, Chu KH, Sadovy de Mitcheson Y. Contrasting population genetic structure in three aggregating groupers (Percoidei: Epinephelidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: the importance of reproductive mode. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:180. [PMID: 30514203 PMCID: PMC6278153 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the factors shaping population genetic structure is important for evolutionary considerations as well as for management and conservation. While studies have revealed the importance of palaeogeographic changes in shaping phylogeographic patterns in multiple marine fauna, the role of reproductive behaviour is rarely considered in reef fishes. We investigated the population genetics of three commercially important aggregating grouper species in the Indo-West Pacific, namely the camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion, the squaretail coral grouper Plectropomus areolatus, and the common coral trout P. leopardus, with similar life histories but distinct spatio-temporal characteristics in their patterns of forming spawning aggregations. Results By examining their mitochondrial control region and 9–11 microsatellite markers, we found an overarching influence of palaeogeographic events in the population structure of all species, with genetic breaks largely coinciding with major biogeographic barriers. The divergence time of major lineages in these species coincide with the Pleistocene glaciations. Higher connectivity is evident in E. polyphekadion and P. areolatus that assemble in larger numbers at fewer spawning aggregations and in distinctive offshore locations than in P. leopardus which has multiple small, shelf platform aggregations. Conclusions While palaeogeographic events played an important role in shaping the population structure of the target species, the disparity in population connectivity detected may be partly attributable to differences in their reproductive behaviour, highlighting the need for more investigations on this characteristic and the need to consider reproductive mode in studies of connectivity and population genetics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1284-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yan Ma
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lynne van Herwerden
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Howard Choat
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Endriss SB, Vahsen ML, Bitume EV, Grey Monroe J, Turner KG, Norton AP, Hufbauer RA. The importance of growing up: juvenile environment influences dispersal of individuals and their neighbours. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:45-55. [PMID: 30450720 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key ecological process that is strongly influenced by both phenotype and environment. Here, we show that juvenile environment influences dispersal not only by shaping individual phenotypes, but also by changing the phenotypes of neighbouring conspecifics, which influence how individuals disperse. We used a model system (Tribolium castaneum, red flour beetles) to test how the past environment of dispersing individuals and their neighbours influences how they disperse in their current environment. We found that individuals dispersed especially far when exposed to a poor environment as adults if their phenotype, or even one-third of their neighbours' phenotypes, were shaped by a poor environment as juveniles. Juvenile environment therefore shapes dispersal both directly, by influencing phenotype, as well as indirectly, by influencing the external social environment. Thus, the juvenile environment of even a minority of individuals in a group can influence the dispersal of the entire group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy B Endriss
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Megan L Vahsen
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ellyn V Bitume
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA
| | - J Grey Monroe
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn G Turner
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Norton
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ruth A Hufbauer
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Patterns and drivers of movement for a coastal benthopelagic fish, Pseudocaranx georgianus, on Australia's southeast coast. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16738. [PMID: 30425264 PMCID: PMC6233199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of connectivity and population structure is integral to the sustainable management of fished populations, yet such information is unavailable for many species over scales relevant to their exploitation. We examined broad-scale patterns and drivers of adult movement for a putatively mobile carangid (Pseudocaranx georgianus) on Australia's southeast coast using an angler tag-recapture dataset. More than 6300 individuals were tagged and released across 1007 km of coastline, with anglers recapturing 157 (2.48%) individuals during a 14-year period. Median distance moved was 5 km and a substantial proportion of individuals (19%) were recaptured at their release location. Recapture latitude was also strongly predicted by release latitude (r2 = 0.87). However, a broad range of movements were observed (0-508 km), with 6% of individuals moving further than 100 km. Most individuals recaptured in areas now designated as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) were originally released in the same area (79.2%). Larger body size, longer periods at liberty, and releases during Spring all positively influenced distance moved. Results support restricted movement over an intermediate scale, punctuated by occasional large movements. Our findings suggest adult movement of P. georgianus in southeastern Australia primarily occurs over smaller distances than the current spatial scale of management.
Collapse
|
81
|
Roff G, Bejarano S, Priest M, Marshell A, Chollett I, Steneck RS, Doropoulos C, Golbuu Y, Mumby PJ. Seascapes as drivers of herbivore assemblages in coral reef ecosystems. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Roff
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Sonia Bejarano
- Reef Systems Research Group, Ecology Department; Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT); Fahrenheitstraße 6 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Mark Priest
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Alyssa Marshell
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries; College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences; Sultan Qaboos University; Muscat Oman
| | - Iliana Chollett
- Smithsonian Marine Station; Smithsonian Institution; Fort Pierce Florida 34949 USA
| | - Robert S. Steneck
- Darling Marine Center; School of Marine Sciences; University of Maine; Walpole Maine 04573 USA
| | | | | | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab; School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Russ GR, Payne CS, Bergseth BJ, Rizzari JR, Abesamis RA, Alcala AC. Decadal-scale response of detritivorous surgeonfishes (family Acanthuridae) to no-take marine reserve protection and changes in benthic habitat. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:887-900. [PMID: 30246331 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
No-take marine reserves (NTMR) are increasingly being implemented to mitigate the effects of fishing on coral reefs, yet determining the efficacy of NTMRs depends largely on partitioning the effects of fishing from the effect of benthic habitat. Species of coral-reef fishes typically decline in density when subjected to fishing or benthic disturbances, but this is not always the case. This study documents the long-term (8-31 years) response of six species of detritivorous surgeonfishes (family Acanthuridae) to NTMR protection and benthic habitat change at four islands (Apo, Sumilon, Mantigue, Selinog) in the central Philippines, each island with a NTMR and a monitored fished site. Despite being subject to moderate fishing pressure, these species did not increase in density with NTMR protection. However, density of these surgeonfishes had a strong negative relationship with cover of live hard coral and a strong positive relationship with cover of dead substratum (sand, rubble, hard dead substratum). These surgeonfishes typically feed over dead substrata and thus probably increase in density following large environmental disturbances that substantially reduce live hard coral cover. Here, we describe effects of environmental disturbance events (e.g., use of explosives, typhoons) that reduced live hard-coral cover and subsequent large increases (up to 25 fold) in surgeonfish densities, which then slowly (over 5-15 years) decreased in density as live hard coral recovered. Density of these functionally important surgeonfish species was influenced more by changes to benthic cover than by NTMR protection. Thus, we highlight the greater importance of bottom-up controls (i.e., benthic changes to food availability) than top-down control (i.e., fishing) on a functionally important group of coral-reef fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garry R Russ
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Australia
| | - Cody S Payne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Brock J Bergseth
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Australia
- Oceans & Atmosphere Division, CSIRO, Hobart, Australia
| | - Justin R Rizzari
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Australia
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rene A Abesamis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Australia
- Silliman University Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines
| | - Angel C Alcala
- Silliman University Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Pearse AR, Hamilton RJ, Choat JH, Pita J, Almany G, Peterson N, Hamilton GS, Peterson EE. Giant coral reef fishes display markedly different susceptibility to night spearfishing. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10247-10256. [PMID: 30397462 PMCID: PMC6206199 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) are two of the largest, most iconic fishes of Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Both species form prized components of subsistence and commercial fisheries and are vulnerable to overfishing. C. undulatus is listed as Endangered and B. muricatum as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. We investigated how night spearfishing pressure and habitat associations affected both species in a relatively lightly exploited setting; the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We used fisheries-independent data from underwater visual census surveys and negative binomial models to estimate abundances of adult C. undulatus and B. muricatum as a function of spearfishing pressure and reef strata. Our results showed that, in Kia, night spearfishing pressure from free divers had no measurable effect on C. undulatus abundances, but abundances of B. muricatum were 3.6 times lower in areas of high spearfishing pressure, after accounting for natural variations due to habitat preferences. It is likely the species' different nocturnal aggregation behaviors, combined with the fishers' use of night spearfishing by spot-checking underpin these species' varying susceptibility. Our study highlights that B. muricatum is extremely susceptible to night spearfishing; however, we do not intend to draw conservation attention away from C. undulatus. Our data relate only to the Kia fishing grounds, where human population density is low, the spot-checking strategy is effective for reliably spearing large numbers of fish, particularly B. muricatum, and fisheries have only recently begun to be commercialized; such conditions are increasingly rare. Instead, we recommend that regional managers assess the state of their fisheries and the dynamics affecting the vulnerability of the fishes to fishing pressure based on local-scale, fisheries-independent data, where resources permit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Pearse
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS)Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Richard J. Hamilton
- The Nature ConservancyAsia Pacific Resource CentreSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
| | - John Howard Choat
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
| | - John Pita
- The Nature ConservancyIsabel Environmental OfficeBualaIsabel ProvinceSolomon Islands
| | - Glenn Almany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- CRIOBE – USR 3278CNRS–EPHE–UPVDLaboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL”Perpignan CedexFrance
| | - Nate Peterson
- The Nature ConservancyAsia Pacific Resource CentreSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Grant S. Hamilton
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Erin E. Peterson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS)Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- The Institute for Future EnvironmentsQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Harborne AR, Green AL, Peterson NA, Beger M, Golbuu Y, Houk P, Spalding MD, Taylor BM, Terk E, Treml EA, Victor S, Vigliola L, Williams ID, Wolff NH, zu Ermgassen PS, Mumby PJ. Modelling and mapping regional-scale patterns of fishing impact and fish stocks to support coral-reef management in Micronesia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair R. Harborne
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; North Miami Florida
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Alison L. Green
- Pacific Division; The Nature Conservancy; South Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Nate A. Peterson
- Pacific Division; The Nature Conservancy; South Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Maria Beger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- School of Biology; Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | | | - Peter Houk
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory; Mangilao Guam
| | - Mark D. Spalding
- Global Ocean Team; The Nature Conservancy; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Brett M. Taylor
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii
| | - Elizabeth Terk
- The Nature Conservancy; Pohnpei Field Office; Kolonia Pohnpei Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Eric A. Treml
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - Steven Victor
- The Nature Conservancy; Palau Field Office; Koror Palau
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UMR ENTROPIE; Laboratoire Excellence LABEX corail; Nouméa New Caledonia France
| | - Ivor D. Williams
- Ecosystem Science Division; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Honolulu Hawaii
| | - Nicholas H. Wolff
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Global Science; The Nature Conservancy; Brunswick Maine
| | | | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Stamoulis KA, Delevaux JMS, Williams ID, Poti M, Lecky J, Costa B, Kendall MS, Pittman SJ, Donovan MK, Wedding LM, Friedlander AM. Seascape models reveal places to focus coastal fisheries management. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:910-925. [PMID: 29421847 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To design effective marine reserves and support fisheries, more information on fishing patterns and impacts for targeted species is needed, as well as better understanding of their key habitats. However, fishing impacts vary geographically and are difficult to disentangle from other factors that influence targeted fish distributions. We developed a set of fishing effort and habitat layers at high resolution and employed machine learning techniques to create regional-scale seascape models and predictive maps of biomass and body length of targeted reef fishes for the main Hawaiian Islands. Spatial patterns of fishing effort were shown to be highly variable and seascape models indicated a low threshold beyond which targeted fish assemblages were severely impacted. Topographic complexity, exposure, depth, and wave power were identified as key habitat variables that influenced targeted fish distributions and defined productive habitats for reef fisheries. High targeted reef fish biomass and body length were found in areas not easily accessed by humans, while model predictions when fishing effort was set to zero showed these high values to be more widely dispersed among suitable habitats. By comparing current targeted fish distributions with those predicted when fishing effort was removed, areas with high recovery potential on each island were revealed, with average biomass recovery of 517% and mean body length increases of 59% on Oahu, the most heavily fished island. Spatial protection of these areas would aid recovery of nearshore coral reef fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostantinos A Stamoulis
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Jade M S Delevaux
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Ivor D Williams
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard Building 176, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818, USA
| | - Matthew Poti
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East West Highway N-SCI-1, SSMC 4, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
- CSS, 10301 Democracy Lane, Suite 300, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, USA
| | - Joey Lecky
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard Building 176, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818, USA
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1000 Pope Road, Marine Sciences Building 312, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Bryan Costa
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East West Highway N-SCI-1, SSMC 4, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
| | - Matthew S Kendall
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East West Highway N-SCI-1, SSMC 4, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
| | - Simon J Pittman
- NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East West Highway N-SCI-1, SSMC 4, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
- Marine Conservation and Policy Research Group, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K Donovan
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Lisa M Wedding
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Room 193, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Alan M Friedlander
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
- National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20090, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Magris
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Robert L. Pressey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Calò A, Lett C, Mourre B, Pérez-Ruzafa Á, García-Charton JA. Use of Lagrangian simulations to hindcast the geographical position of propagule release zones in a Mediterranean coastal fish. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 134:16-27. [PMID: 29287615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of organism dispersal is fundamental for elucidating patterns of connectivity between populations, thus crucial for the design of effective protection and management strategies. This is especially challenging in the case of coastal fish, for which information on egg release zones (i.e. spawning grounds) is often lacking. Here we assessed the putative location of egg release zones of the saddled sea bream (Oblada melanura) along the south-eastern coast of Spain in 2013. To this aim, we hindcasted propagule (egg and larva) dispersal using Lagrangian simulations, fed with species-specific information on early life history traits (ELTs), with two approaches: 1) back-tracking and 2) comparing settler distribution obtained from simulations to the analogous distribution resulting from otolith chemical analysis. Simulations were also used to assess which factors contributed the most to dispersal distances. Back-tracking simulations indicated that both the northern sector of the Murcia region and some traits of the North-African coast were hydrodynamically suitable to generate and drive the supply of larvae recorded along the coast of Murcia in 2013. With the second approach, based on the correlation between simulation outputs and field results (otolith chemical analysis), we found that the oceanographic characteristics of the study area could have determined the pattern of settler distribution recorded with otolith analysis in 2013 and inferred the geographical position of main O. melanura spawning grounds along the coast. Dispersal distance was found to be significantly affected by the geographical position of propagule release zones. The combination of methods used was the first attempt to assess the geographical position of propagule release zones in the Mediterranean Sea for O. melanura, and can represent a valuable approach for elucidating dispersal and connectivity patterns in other coastal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Calò
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Christophe Lett
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IRD, unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes (UMMISCO), F-93143, Bondy, France
| | - Baptiste Mourre
- Modelling and Forecasting Facility, Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ángel Pérez-Ruzafa
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Brodie S, Lédée EJI, Heupel MR, Babcock RC, Campbell HA, Gledhill DC, Hoenner X, Huveneers C, Jaine FRA, Simpfendorfer CA, Taylor MD, Udyawer V, Harcourt RG. Continental-scale animal tracking reveals functional movement classes across marine taxa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3717. [PMID: 29487384 PMCID: PMC5829234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic telemetry is a principle tool for observing aquatic animals, but coverage over large spatial scales remains a challenge. To resolve this, Australia has implemented the Integrated Marine Observing System’s Animal Tracking Facility which comprises a continental-scale hydrophone array and coordinated data repository. This national acoustic network connects localized projects, enabling simultaneous monitoring of multiple species over scales ranging from 100 s of meters to 1000 s of kilometers. There is a need to evaluate the utility of this national network in monitoring animal movement ecology, and to identify the spatial scales that the network effectively operates over. Cluster analyses assessed movements and residency of 2181 individuals from 92 species, and identified four functional movement classes apparent only through aggregating data across the entire national network. These functional movement classes described movement metrics of individuals rather than species, and highlighted the plasticity of movement patterns across and within populations and species. Network analyses assessed the utility and redundancy of each component of the national network, revealing multiple spatial scales of connectivity influenced by the geographic positioning of acoustic receivers. We demonstrate the significance of this nationally coordinated network of receivers to better reveal intra-specific differences in movement profiles and discuss implications for effective management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brodie
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia. .,Institute of Marine Science, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Elodie J I Lédée
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | | | - Hamish A Campbell
- School of Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, 0909, Australia
| | - Daniel C Gledhill
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere and CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Xavier Hoenner
- Australian Ocean Data Network, Integrated Marine Observing System, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Fabrice R A Jaine
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Arafura Timor Research Facility, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT, 0810, Australia
| | - Robert G Harcourt
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Álvarez-Romero JG, Munguía-Vega A, Beger M, Del Mar Mancha-Cisneros M, Suárez-Castillo AN, Gurney GG, Pressey RL, Gerber LR, Morzaria-Luna HN, Reyes-Bonilla H, Adams VM, Kolb M, Graham EM, VanDerWal J, Castillo-López A, Hinojosa-Arango G, Petatán-Ramírez D, Moreno-Baez M, Godínez-Reyes CR, Torre J. Designing connected marine reserves in the face of global warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e671-e691. [PMID: 29274104 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine reserves are widely used to protect species important for conservation and fisheries and to help maintain ecological processes that sustain their populations, including recruitment and dispersal. Achieving these goals requires well-connected networks of marine reserves that maximize larval connectivity, thus allowing exchanges between populations and recolonization after local disturbances. However, global warming can disrupt connectivity by shortening potential dispersal pathways through changes in larval physiology. These changes can compromise the performance of marine reserve networks, thus requiring adjusting their design to account for ocean warming. To date, empirical approaches to marine prioritization have not considered larval connectivity as affected by global warming. Here, we develop a framework for designing marine reserve networks that integrates graph theory and changes in larval connectivity due to potential reductions in planktonic larval duration (PLD) associated with ocean warming, given current socioeconomic constraints. Using the Gulf of California as case study, we assess the benefits and costs of adjusting networks to account for connectivity, with and without ocean warming. We compare reserve networks designed to achieve representation of species and ecosystems with networks designed to also maximize connectivity under current and future ocean-warming scenarios. Our results indicate that current larval connectivity could be reduced significantly under ocean warming because of shortened PLDs. Given the potential changes in connectivity, we show that our graph-theoretical approach based on centrality (eigenvector and distance-weighted fragmentation) of habitat patches can help design better-connected marine reserve networks for the future with equivalent costs. We found that maintaining dispersal connectivity incidentally through representation-only reserve design is unlikely, particularly in regions with strong asymmetric patterns of dispersal connectivity. Our results support previous studies suggesting that, given potential reductions in PLD due to ocean warming, future marine reserve networks would require more and/or larger reserves in closer proximity to maintain larval connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Álvarez-Romero
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrián Munguía-Vega
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Guaymas, Sonora, México
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Georgina G Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert L Pressey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Leah R Gerber
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna
- Intercultural Center for the Study of Deserts and Oceans Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA
- Visiting Researcher at Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Héctor Reyes-Bonilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Vanessa M Adams
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Kolb
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, México, Distrito Federal, México
- Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Erin M Graham
- Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- eResearch Centre, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeremy VanDerWal
- Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- eResearch Centre, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Gustavo Hinojosa-Arango
- Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación, A.C., La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Oaxaca, México
| | | | - Marcia Moreno-Baez
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Carlos R Godínez-Reyes
- Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas: Reserva de la Biosfera Bahía de Los Ángeles, Canales de Ballenas y Salsipuedes, Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California, México
- Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas: Parque Nacional Cabo Pulmo, La Ribera, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Jorge Torre
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C., Guaymas, Sonora, México
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Weeks R, Adams VM. Research priorities for conservation and natural resource management in Oceania's small-island developing states. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:72-83. [PMID: 28585338 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For conservation science to effectively inform management, research must focus on creating the scientific knowledge required to solve conservation problems. We identified research questions that, if answered, would increase the effectiveness of conservation and natural resource management practice and policy in Oceania's small-island developing states. We asked conservation professionals from academia, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations across the region to propose such questions and then identify which were of high priority in an online survey. We compared the high-priority questions with research questions identified globally and for other regions. Of 270 questions proposed by respondents, 38 were considered high priority, including: What are the highest priority areas for conservation in the face of increasing resource demand and climate change? How should marine protected areas be networked to account for connectivity and climate change? What are the most effective fisheries management policies that contribute to sustainable coral reef fisheries? High-priority questions related to the particular challenges of undertaking conservation on small-island developing states and the need for a research agenda that is responsive to the sociocultural context of Oceania. Research priorities for Oceania relative to elsewhere were broadly similar but differed in specific issues relevant to particular conservation contexts. These differences emphasize the importance of involving local practitioners in the identification of research priorities. Priorities were reasonably well aligned among sectoral groups. Only a few questions were widely considered answered, which may indicate a smaller-than-expected knowledge-action gap. We believe these questions can be used to strengthen research collaborations between scientists and practitioners working to further conservation and natural resource management in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Weeks
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - V M Adams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
|
92
|
Allen RM, Metaxas A, Snelgrove PVR. Applying Movement Ecology to Marine Animals with Complex Life Cycles. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2018; 10:19-42. [PMID: 28813201 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine animals with complex life cycles may move passively or actively for fertilization, dispersal, predator avoidance, resource acquisition, and migration, and over scales from micrometers to thousands of kilometers. This diversity has catalyzed idiosyncratic and unfocused research, creating unsound paradigms regarding the role of movement in ecology and evolution. The emerging movement ecology paradigm offers a framework to consolidate movement research independent of taxon, life-history stage, scale, or discipline. This review applies the framework to movement among life-history stages in marine animals with complex life cycles to consolidate marine movement research and offer insights for scientists working in aquatic and terrestrial realms. Irrespective of data collection or simulation strategy, breaking each life-history stage down into the fundamental units of movement allows each unit to be studied independently or interactively with other units. Understanding these underlying mechanisms of movement within each life-history stage can then be used to construct lifetime movement paths. These paths can allow further investigation of the relative contributions and interdependencies of steps and phases across a lifetime and how these paths influence larger research topics, such as population-level movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Allen
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada;
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anna Metaxas
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Paul V R Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Fovargue R, Bode M, Armsworth PR. Size and spacing rules can balance conservation and fishery management objectives for marine protected areas. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fovargue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - Michael Bode
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | - Paul R. Armsworth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Conventional and technical diving surveys reveal elevated biomass and differing fish community composition from shallow and upper mesophotic zones of a remote United States coral reef. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188598. [PMID: 29161314 PMCID: PMC5697833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s coral reefs appear to be in a global decline, yet most previous research on coral reefs has taken place at depths shallower than 30 m. Mesophotic coral ecosystem (depths deeper than ~30 m) studies have revealed extensive, productive habitats and rich communities. Despite recent advances, mesophotic coral ecosystems remain understudied due to challenges with sampling at deeper depths. The few previous studies of mesophotic coral ecosystems have shown variation across locations in depth-specific species composition and assemblage shifts, potentially a response to differences in habitat or light availability/water clarity. This study utilized scuba to examine fish and benthic communities from shallow and upper mesophotic (to 45 m) zones of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS, 28°0ʹN; 93°50ʹW) from 2010–2012. Dominant planktivores were ubiquitous in shallow and upper mesophotic habitats, and comparisons with previous shallow research suggest this community distribution has persisted for over 30 years. Planktivores were abundant in shallow low-relief habitats on the periphery of the coral reef, and some of these sites that contained habitat transitioning from high to low relief supported high biomass of benthic predators. These peripheral sites at FGBNMS may be important for the trophic transfer of oceanic energy to the benthic coral reef. Distinct differences between upper mesophotic and shallow communities were also observed. These included greater overall fish (as well as apex predator) biomass in the upper mesophotic, differences in apex predator community composition between depth zones, and greater percent cover of algae, rubble, sand, and sponges in the upper mesophotic. Greater fish biomass in the upper mesophotic and similar fish community composition between depth zones provide preliminary support that upper mesophotic habitats at FGBNMS have the capacity to serve as refugia for the shallow-water reefs. Diving surveys of the upper mesophotic and shallow-water coral reef have revealed valuable information concerning the reef fish community in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with implications for the conservation of apex predators, oceanic coral reefs, and the future management of FGBNMS.
Collapse
|
95
|
Castro-Sanguino C, Bozec YM, Dempsey A, Samaniego BR, Lubarsky K, Andrews S, Komyakova V, Ortiz JC, Robbins WD, Renaud PG, Mumby PJ. Detecting conservation benefits of marine reserves on remote reefs of the northern GBR. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186146. [PMID: 29117191 PMCID: PMC5695593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) is the largest network of marine reserves in the world, yet little is known of the efficacy of no-fishing zones in the relatively lightly-exploited remote parts of the system (i.e., northern regions). Here, we find that the detection of reserve effects is challenging and that heterogeneity in benthic habitat composition, specifically branching coral cover, is one of the strongest driving forces of fish assemblages. As expected, the biomass of targeted fish species was generally greater (up to 5-fold) in no-take zones than in fished zones, but we found no differences between the two forms of no-take zone: 'no-take' versus 'no-entry'. Strong effects of zoning were detected in the remote Far-North inshore reefs and more central outer reefs, but surprisingly fishing effects were absent in the less remote southern locations. Moreover, the biomass of highly targeted species was nearly 2-fold greater in fished areas of the Far-North than in any reserve (no-take or no-entry) further south. Despite high spatial variability in fish biomass, our results suggest that fishing pressure is greater in southern areas and that poaching within reserves may be common. Our results also suggest that fishers 'fish the line' as stock sizes in exploited areas decreased near larger no-take zones. Interestingly, an analysis of zoning effects on small, non-targeted fishes appeared to suggest a top-down effect from mesopredators, but was instead explained by variability in benthic composition. Thus, we demonstrate the importance of including appropriate covariates when testing for evidence of trophic cascades and reserve successes or failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castro-Sanguino
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yves-Marie Bozec
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra Dempsey
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Annapolis, United States of America
| | - Badi R Samaniego
- School of Environmental Science and Management, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Katie Lubarsky
- State of Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Stefan Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Valeriya Komyakova
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Ortiz
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William D Robbins
- Wildlife Marine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip G Renaud
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Annapolis, United States of America
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Houk P, Cuetos-Bueno J, Kerr AM, McCann K. Linking fishing pressure with ecosystem thresholds and food web stability on coral reefs. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Houk
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory; UOG Station Mangilao 96923 Guam
| | - J. Cuetos-Bueno
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory; UOG Station Mangilao 96923 Guam
| | - A. M. Kerr
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory; UOG Station Mangilao 96923 Guam
| | - K. McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Krueck NC, Legrand C, Ahmadia GN, Estradivari, Green A, Jones GP, Riginos C, Treml EA, Mumby PJ. Reserve Sizes Needed to Protect Coral Reef Fishes. Conserv Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nils C. Krueck
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies The University of Queensland St Lucia Campus Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Campus Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Christelle Legrand
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Campus Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Gabby N. Ahmadia
- Oceans Program World Wildlife Fund United States 1250 24th Street Washington DC 20037–1193 USA
| | - Estradivari
- World Wildlife Fund Indonesia Graha Simatupang Tower Jalan Letjen TB Simatupang Jakarta 12540 Indonesia
| | - Alison Green
- The Nature Conservancy 245 Riverside Drive West End Queensland 4101 Australia
| | - Geoffrey P. Jones
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Campus Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Eric A. Treml
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies The University of Queensland St Lucia Campus Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Campus Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Shideler GS, Araújo RJ, Walker BK, Blondeau J, Serafy JE. Non-linear thresholds characterize the relationship between reef fishes and mangrove habitat. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S. Shideler
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Rafael J. Araújo
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Brian K. Walker
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography; Nova Southeastern University; Dania Beach Florida 33004 USA
| | - Jeremiah Blondeau
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida 33149 USA
- National Marine Fisheries Service; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | - Joseph E. Serafy
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida 33149 USA
- National Marine Fisheries Service; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Miami Florida 33149 USA
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Moritz C, Ducarme F, Sweet MJ, Fox MD, Zgliczynski B, Ibrahim N, Basheer A, Furby KA, Caldwell ZR, Pisapia C, Grimsditch G, Abdulla A. The “resort effect”: Can tourist islands act as refuges for coral reef species? DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moritz
- IUCN Maldives Malé Maldives
- CMOANA Consulting Punaauia French Polynesia
- USR 3278 CRIOBE PSL Research University: EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS Moorea French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL” Moorea French Polynesia
| | - Frédéric Ducarme
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation UMR 7204 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | - Michael J. Sweet
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre College of Life and Natural Sciences University of Derby Derby UK
| | - Michael D. Fox
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Brian Zgliczynski
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn A. Furby
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | | | - Chiara Pisapia
- IUCN Maldives Malé Maldives
- Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA USA
| | | | - Ameer Abdulla
- IUCN Maldives Malé Maldives
- Global Change Institute and Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
Coral reefs rely on inter-habitat connectivity to maintain gene flow, biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Coral reef communities of the Red Sea exhibit remarkable genetic homogeneity across most of the Arabian Peninsula coastline, with a genetic break towards the southern part of the basin. While previous studies have attributed these patterns to environmental heterogeneity, we hypothesize that they may also emerge as a result of dynamic circulation flow; yet, such linkages remain undemonstrated. Here, we integrate satellite-derived biophysical observations, particle dispersion model simulations, genetic population data and ship-borne in situ profiles to assess reef connectivity in the Red Sea. We simulated long-term (>20 yrs.) connectivity patterns driven by remotely-sensed sea surface height and evaluated results against estimates of genetic distance among populations of anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus, along the eastern Red Sea coastline. Predicted connectivity was remarkably consistent with genetic population data, demonstrating that circulation features (eddies, surface currents) formulate physical pathways for gene flow. The southern basin has lower physical connectivity than elsewhere, agreeing with known genetic structure of coral reef organisms. The central Red Sea provides key source regions, meriting conservation priority. Our analysis demonstrates a cost-effective tool to estimate biophysical connectivity remotely, supporting coastal management in data-limited regions.
Collapse
|